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Kawasaki M, Sakai A, Ueta Y. Pain modulation by oxytocin. Peptides 2024; 179:171263. [PMID: 38897354 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) was discovered in 1906 as a substance that promotes the pregnancy and childbirth. It affects uterine contraction and lactation. Furthermore, as one of its physiological properties, it exerts analgesic effects. The living body has an ascending pathway that transmits pain stimuli from the periphery to the center and a descending pathway that regulates the dorsal horn neurons from the upper center downward. OXT is involved in the pain-inhibitory descending pathway and generally assumed to exert analgesic effects. In this article, we describe the pain-suppressive effects of OXT, among its many physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kawasaki
- Center for Joint Arthroplasty, Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Akinori Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
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2
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Brennan FH, Swarts EA, Kigerl KA, Mifflin KA, Guan Z, Noble BT, Wang Y, Witcher KG, Godbout JP, Popovich PG. Microglia promote maladaptive plasticity in autonomic circuitry after spinal cord injury in mice. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi3259. [PMID: 38865485 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Robust structural remodeling and synaptic plasticity occurs within spinal autonomic circuitry after severe high-level spinal cord injury (SCI). As a result, normally innocuous visceral or somatic stimuli elicit uncontrolled activation of spinal sympathetic reflexes that contribute to systemic disease and organ-specific pathology. How hyperexcitable sympathetic circuitry forms is unknown, but local cues from neighboring glia likely help mold these maladaptive neuronal networks. Here, we used a mouse model of SCI to show that microglia surrounded active glutamatergic interneurons and subsequently coordinated multi-segmental excitatory synaptogenesis and expansion of sympathetic networks that control immune, neuroendocrine, and cardiovascular functions. Depleting microglia during critical periods of circuit remodeling after SCI prevented maladaptive synaptic and structural plasticity in autonomic networks, decreased the frequency and severity of autonomic dysreflexia, and prevented SCI-induced immunosuppression. Forced turnover of microglia in microglia-depleted mice restored structural and functional indices of pathological dysautonomia, providing further evidence that microglia are key effectors of autonomic plasticity. Additional data show that microglia-dependent autonomic plasticity required expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) and α2δ-1-dependent synaptogenesis. These data suggest that microglia are primary effectors of autonomic neuroplasticity and dysautonomia after SCI in mice. Manipulating microglia may be a strategy to limit autonomic complications after SCI or other forms of neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith H Brennan
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Emily A Swarts
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kristina A Kigerl
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Katherine A Mifflin
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhen Guan
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin T Noble
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kristina G Witcher
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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3
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Zhou Y, Dong W, Qiu YK, Shao KJ, Zhang ZX, Yao JQ, Chen TQ, Li ZY, Zhou CR, Jiao XH, Chen Y, Lu H, Wu YQ. Regulating the activity of GABAergic neurons in the ventral pallidum alters the general anesthesia effect of propofol. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110032. [PMID: 38852839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The full mechanism of action of propofol, a commonly administered intravenous anesthetic drug in clinical practice, remains elusive. The focus of this study was the role of GABAergic neurons which are the main neuron group in the ventral pallidum (VP) closely associated with anesthetic effects in propofol anesthesia. The activity of VP GABAergic neurons following propofol anesthesia in Vgat-Cre mice was observed via detecting c-Fos immunoreactivity by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Subsequently, chemogenetic techniques were employed in Vgat-Cre mice to regulate the activity of VP GABAergic neurons. The role of VP GABAergic neurons in generating the effects of general anesthesia induced by intravenous propofol was further explored through behavioral tests of the righting reflex. The results revealed that c-Fos expression in VP GABAergic neurons in Vgat-Cre mice dramatically decreased after propofol injection. Further studies demonstrated that chemogenetic activation of VP GABAergic neurons during propofol anesthesia shortened the duration of anesthesia and promoted wakefulness. Conversely, the inhibition of VP GABAergic neurons extended the duration of anesthesia and facilitated the effects of anesthesia. The results obtained in this study suggested that regulating the activity of GABAergic neurons in the ventral pallidum altered the effect of propofol on general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Kang Qiu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ke-Jie Shao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qi Yao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tian-Qi Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yi Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chen-Rui Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hao Jiao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liyang People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, Liyang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Han Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu-Qing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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4
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Lewis JE, Nuzzaci D, James-Okoro PP, Montaner M, O'Flaherty E, Darwish T, Hayashi M, Liberles SD, Hornigold D, Naylor J, Baker D, Gribble FM, Reimann F. Stimulating intestinal GIP release reduces food intake and body weight in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101945. [PMID: 38653401 PMCID: PMC11070708 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is well established as an incretin hormone, boosting glucose-dependent insulin secretion. However, whilst anorectic actions of its sister-incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are well established, a physiological role for GIP in appetite regulation is controversial, despite the superior weight loss seen in preclinical models and humans with GLP-1/GIP dual receptor agonists compared with GLP-1R agonism alone. METHODS We generated a mouse model in which GIP expressing K-cells can be activated through hM3Dq Designer Receptor Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD, GIP-Dq) to explore physiological actions of intestinally-released GIP. RESULTS In lean mice, Dq-stimulation of GIP expressing cells increased plasma GIP to levels similar to those found postprandially. The increase in GIP was associated with improved glucose tolerance, as expected, but also triggered an unexpected robust inhibition of food intake. Validating that this represented a response to intestinally-released GIP, the suppression of food intake was prevented by injecting mice peripherally or centrally with antagonistic GIPR-antibodies, and was reproduced in an intersectional model utilising Gip-Cre/Villin-Flp to limit Dq transgene expression to K-cells in the intestinal epithelium. The effects of GIP cell activation were maintained in diet induced obese mice, in which chronic K-cell activation reduced food intake and attenuated body weight gain. CONCLUSIONS These studies establish a physiological gut-brain GIP-axis regulating food intake in mice, adding to the multi-faceted metabolic effects of GIP which need to be taken into account when developing GIPR-targeted therapies for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo E. Lewis
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Danae Nuzzaci
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula-Peace James-Okoro
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mireia Montaner
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisabeth O'Flaherty
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tamana Darwish
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marito Hayashi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen D. Liberles
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Hornigold
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacqueline Naylor
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Baker
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M. Gribble
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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5
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Jiang T, Liang S, Zhang X, Dong S, Zhu H, Wang Y, Sun Y. Parvalbumin neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell modulate seizure in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 194:106482. [PMID: 38522590 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing number of clinical and animal studies suggest that the nucleus accumbens (NAc), especially the shell, is involved in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the role of parvalbumin (PV) GABAergic neurons in the NAc shell involved in TLE is still unclear. In this study, we induced a spontaneous TLE model by intrahippocampal administration of kainic acid (KA), which generally induce acute seizures in first 2 h (acute phase) and then lead to spontaneous recurrent seizures after two months (chronic phase). We found that chemogenetic activation of NAc shell PV neurons could alleviate TLE seizures by reducing the number and period of focal seizures (FSs) and secondary generalized seizures (sGSs), while selective inhibition of PV exacerbated seizure activity. Ruby-virus mapping results identified that the hippocampus (ventral and dorsal) is one of the projection targets of NAc shell PV neurons. Chemogenetic activation of the NAc-Hip PV projection fibers can mitigate seizures while inhibition has no effect on seizure ictogenesis. In summary, our findings reveal that PV neurons in the NAc shell could modulate the seizures in TLE via a long-range NAc-Hip circuit. All of these results enriched the investigation between NAc and epilepsy, offering new targets for future epileptogenesis research and precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Shuyu Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Shasha Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - HaiFang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Yanping Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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6
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Griffiths JA, Yoo BB, Thuy-Boun P, Cantu VJ, Weldon KC, Challis C, Sweredoski MJ, Chan KY, Thron TM, Sharon G, Moradian A, Humphrey G, Zhu Q, Shaffer JP, Wolan DW, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Gradinaru V, Mazmanian SK. Peripheral neuronal activation shapes the microbiome and alters gut physiology. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113953. [PMID: 38517896 PMCID: PMC11132177 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is innervated by intrinsic neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and extrinsic neurons of the central nervous system and peripheral ganglia. The GI tract also harbors a diverse microbiome, but interactions between the ENS and the microbiome remain poorly understood. Here, we activate choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-expressing or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-expressing gut-associated neurons in mice to determine effects on intestinal microbial communities and their metabolites as well as on host physiology. The resulting multi-omics datasets support broad roles for discrete peripheral neuronal subtypes in shaping microbiome structure, including modulating bile acid profiles and fungal colonization. Physiologically, activation of either ChAT+ or TH+ neurons increases fecal output, while only ChAT+ activation results in increased colonic contractility and diarrhea-like fluid secretion. These findings suggest that specific subsets of peripherally activated neurons differentially regulate the gut microbiome and GI physiology in mice without involvement of signals from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Griffiths
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Bryan B Yoo
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Peter Thuy-Boun
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Victor J Cantu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelly C Weldon
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Collin Challis
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michael J Sweredoski
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ken Y Chan
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Taren M Thron
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Gil Sharon
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Annie Moradian
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Gregory Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Justin P Shaffer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Sarkis K Mazmanian
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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7
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Khan R, Chaturvedi P, Sahu P, Ludhiadch A, Singh P, Singh G, Munshi A. Role of Potassium Ion Channels in Epilepsy: Focus on Current Therapeutic Strategies. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:67-87. [PMID: 36578258 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666221227112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is one of the prevalent neurological disorders characterized by disrupted synchronization between inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Disturbed membrane potential due to abnormal regulation of neurotransmitters and ion transport across the neural cell membrane significantly contributes to the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Potassium ion channels (KCN) regulate the resting membrane potential and are involved in neuronal excitability. Genetic alterations in the potassium ion channels (KCN) have been reported to result in the enhancement of the release of neurotransmitters, the excitability of neurons, and abnormal rapid firing rate, which lead to epileptic phenotypes, making these ion channels a potential therapeutic target for epilepsy. The aim of this study is to explore the variations reported in different classes of potassium ion channels (KCN) in epilepsy patients, their functional evaluation, and therapeutic strategies to treat epilepsy targeting KCN. METHODOLOGY A review of all the relevant literature was carried out to compile this article. RESULTS A large number of variations have been reported in different genes encoding various classes of KCN. These genetic alterations in KCN have been shown to be responsible for disrupted firing properties of neurons. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the main therapeutic strategy to treat epilepsy. Some patients do not respond favorably to the AEDs treatment, resulting in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. CONCLUSION Further to address the challenges faced in treating epilepsy, recent approaches like optogenetics, chemogenetics, and genome editing, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), are emerging as target-specific therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Khan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Pragya Chaturvedi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Prachi Sahu
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Abhilash Ludhiadch
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Paramdeep Singh
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001 India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
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8
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Labouesse MA, Torres-Herraez A, Chohan MO, Villarin JM, Greenwald J, Sun X, Zahran M, Tang A, Lam S, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Lacefield CO, Bonaventura J, Michaelides M, Chan CS, Yizhar O, Kellendonk C. A non-canonical striatopallidal Go pathway that supports motor control. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6712. [PMID: 37872145 PMCID: PMC10593790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the classical model of the basal ganglia, direct pathway striatal projection neurons (dSPNs) send projections to the substantia nigra (SNr) and entopeduncular nucleus to regulate motor function. Recent studies have re-established that dSPNs also possess axon collaterals within the globus pallidus (GPe) (bridging collaterals), yet the significance of these collaterals for behavior is unknown. Here we use in vivo optical and chemogenetic tools combined with deep learning approaches in mice to dissect the roles of dSPN GPe collaterals in motor function. We find that dSPNs projecting to the SNr send synchronous motor-related information to the GPe via axon collaterals. Inhibition of native activity in dSPN GPe terminals impairs motor activity and function via regulation of Npas1 neurons. We propose a model by which dSPN GPe axon collaterals (striatopallidal Go pathway) act in concert with the canonical terminals in the SNr to support motor control by inhibiting Npas1 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Labouesse
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Health, Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Arturo Torres-Herraez
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Muhammad O Chohan
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Joseph M Villarin
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Julia Greenwald
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mysarah Zahran
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Alice Tang
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Columbia College, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sherry Lam
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Clay O Lacefield
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Institut de Neurociències, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - C Savio Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ofer Yizhar
- Departments of Brain Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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9
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Wu S, Wang J, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Jin X, Liang Y, Ge Y, Zhan H, Peng L, Luo D, Li M, Bi W, Guan Q, He Z. Energy deficiency promotes rhythmic foraging behavior by activating neurons in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1278906. [PMID: 37899828 PMCID: PMC10600490 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1278906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of feeding behavior leads to a variety of pathological manifestations ranging from obesity to anorexia. The foraging behavior of animals affected by food deficiency is not fully understood. Methods Home-Cage system was used to monitor the behaviors. Immunohistochemical staining was used to monitor the trend of neuronal activity. Chemogenetic approach was used to modify neuronal activity. Results We described here a unique mouse model of foraging behavior and unveiled that food deprivation significantly increases the general activities of mice with a daily rhythmic pattern, particularly foraging behavior. The increased foraging behavior is potentiated by food cues (mouthfeel, odor, size, and shape) and energy deficit, rather than macronutrient protein, carbohydrate, and fat. Notably, energy deficiency increases nocturnal neuronal activity in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), accompanying a similar change in rhythmic foraging behavior. Activating neuronal activity in PVH enhances the amplitude of foraging behavior in mice. Conversely, inactivating neuronal activity in PVH decreases the amplitude of foraging behavior and impairs the rhythm of foraging behavior. Discussion These results illustrate that energy status and food cues regulate the rhythmic foraging behavior via PVH neuronal activity. Understanding foraging behavior provides insights into the underlying mechanism of eating-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zicheng Zhang
- School of Information Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinchen Jin
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yixiao Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yueping Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huidong Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengzhu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenkai Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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10
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Zheng C, Javitch JA, Lambert NA, Donthamsetti P, Gurevich VV. In-Cell Arrestin-Receptor Interaction Assays. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e890. [PMID: 37787634 PMCID: PMC10566372 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent ∼30% of current drug targets. Ligand binding to these receptors activates G proteins and arrestins, which function in different signaling pathways. Given that functionally selective or biased ligands preferentially activate one of these two groups of pathways, they may be superior medications for certain disease states. The identification of such ligands requires robust drug screening assays for both G protein and arrestin activity. This unit describes protocols for assays that monitor reversible arrestin recruitment to GPCRs in living cells using either bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) or nanoluciferase complementation (NanoLuc). Two types of assays can be used: one configuration directly measures arrestin recruitment to a GPCR fused to a protein tag at its intracellular C-terminus, whereas the other configuration detects arrestin translocation to the plasma membrane in response to activation of an unmodified GPCR. Together, these assays are powerful tools for studying dynamic interactions between GPCRs and arrestins. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Receptor-arrestin BRET assay to measure ligand-induced recruitment of arrestin to receptors Basic Protocol 2: Receptor-arrestin NANOBIT assay to measure ligand-induced recruitment of arrestin to receptors Alternative Protocol 1: BRET assay to measure ligand-induced recruitment of arrestin to the plasma membrane Alternative Protocol 2: NANOBIT assay to measure ligand-induced recruitment of arrestin to the plasma membrane Support Protocol 1: Optimization of polyethylenimine (PEI) concentration for transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Nevin A. Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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11
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Hagio H, Koyama W, Hosaka S, Song AD, Narantsatsral J, Matsuda K, Sugihara T, Shimizu T, Koyanagi M, Terakita A, Hibi M. Optogenetic manipulation of Gq- and Gi/o-coupled receptor signaling in neurons and heart muscle cells. eLife 2023; 12:e83974. [PMID: 37589544 PMCID: PMC10435233 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit signals into cells depending on the G protein type. To analyze the functions of GPCR signaling, we assessed the effectiveness of animal G-protein-coupled bistable rhodopsins that can be controlled into active and inactive states by light application using zebrafish. We expressed Gq- and Gi/o-coupled bistable rhodopsins in hindbrain reticulospinal V2a neurons, which are involved in locomotion, or in cardiomyocytes. Light stimulation of the reticulospinal V2a neurons expressing Gq-coupled spider Rh1 resulted in an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level and evoked swimming behavior. Light stimulation of cardiomyocytes expressing the Gi/o-coupled mosquito Opn3, pufferfish TMT opsin, or lamprey parapinopsin induced cardiac arrest, and the effect was suppressed by treatment with pertussis toxin or barium, suggesting that Gi/o-dependent regulation of inward-rectifier K+ channels controls cardiac function. These data indicate that these rhodopsins are useful for optogenetic control of GPCR-mediated signaling in zebrafish neurons and cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Hagio
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Wataru Koyama
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Shiori Hosaka
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | | | | | - Koji Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Akihisa Terakita
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Masahiko Hibi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
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12
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Pereira MJ, Ayana R, Holt MG, Arckens L. Chemogenetic manipulation of astrocyte activity at the synapse- a gateway to manage brain disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1193130. [PMID: 37534103 PMCID: PMC10393042 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1193130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the major glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). Initially regarded as supportive cells, it is now recognized that this highly heterogeneous cell population is an indispensable modulator of brain development and function. Astrocytes secrete neuroactive molecules that regulate synapse formation and maturation. They also express hundreds of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that, once activated by neurotransmitters, trigger intracellular signalling pathways that can trigger the release of gliotransmitters which, in turn, modulate synaptic transmission and neuroplasticity. Considering this, it is not surprising that astrocytic dysfunction, leading to synaptic impairment, is consistently described as a factor in brain diseases, whether they emerge early or late in life due to genetic or environmental factors. Here, we provide an overview of the literature showing that activation of genetically engineered GPCRs, known as Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), to specifically modulate astrocyte activity partially mimics endogenous signalling pathways in astrocytes and improves neuronal function and behavior in normal animals and disease models. Therefore, we propose that expressing these genetically engineered GPCRs in astrocytes could be a promising strategy to explore (new) signalling pathways which can be used to manage brain disorders. The precise molecular, functional and behavioral effects of this type of manipulation, however, differ depending on the DREADD receptor used, targeted brain region and timing of the intervention, between healthy and disease conditions. This is likely a reflection of regional and disease/disease progression-associated astrocyte heterogeneity. Therefore, a thorough investigation of the effects of such astrocyte manipulation(s) must be conducted considering the specific cellular and molecular environment characteristic of each disease and disease stage before this has therapeutic applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Pereira
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rajagopal Ayana
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew G. Holt
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Laboratory of Synapse Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Haspula D, Cui Z. Neurochemical Basis of Inter-Organ Crosstalk in Health and Obesity: Focus on the Hypothalamus and the Brainstem. Cells 2023; 12:1801. [PMID: 37443835 PMCID: PMC10341274 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise neural regulation is required for maintenance of energy homeostasis. Essential to this are the hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei which are located adjacent and supra-adjacent to the circumventricular organs. They comprise multiple distinct neuronal populations which receive inputs not only from other brain regions, but also from circulating signals such as hormones, nutrients, metabolites and postprandial signals. Hence, they are ideally placed to exert a multi-tier control over metabolism. The neuronal sub-populations present in these key metabolically relevant nuclei regulate various facets of energy balance which includes appetite/satiety control, substrate utilization by peripheral organs and glucose homeostasis. In situations of heightened energy demand or excess, they maintain energy homeostasis by restoring the balance between energy intake and expenditure. While research on the metabolic role of the central nervous system has progressed rapidly, the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms involved in regulating distinct metabolic functions have only gained traction in the last few decades. The focus of this review is to provide an updated summary of the mechanisms by which the various neuronal subpopulations, mainly located in the hypothalamus and the brainstem, regulate key metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Cui
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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14
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Zhang S, Jin M, Ren J, Sun X, Zhang Z, Luo Y, Sun X. New insight into gut microbiota and their metabolites in ischemic stroke: A promising therapeutic target. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114559. [PMID: 36989717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis has been shown to play a vital role in the prognosis and recovery of ischemic stroke (IS), which is associated with gut microbiota dysfunction and changes in the gastrointestinal system and epithelial barrier integrity. In turn, gut microbiota and its derived metabolites can influence stroke outcomes. In this review, we first describe the relationship between IS (clinical and experimental IS) and the gut microbiota. Second, we summarize the role and specific mechanisms of microbiota-derived metabolites in IS. Further, we discuss the roles of natural medicines targeting the gut microbiota. Finally, the potential use of the gut microbiota and derived metabolites as a promising therapeutic opportunity for stroke prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is explored.
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15
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Labouesse MA, Torres-Herraez A, Chohan MO, Villarin J, Greenwald J, Sun X, Zahran M, Tang A, Lam S, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Lacefield C, Bonaventura J, Michaelides M, Chan CS, Yizhar O, Kellendonk C. A non-canonical striatopallidal "Go" pathway that supports motor control. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2524816. [PMID: 36798372 PMCID: PMC9934763 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2524816/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In the classical model of the basal ganglia, direct pathway striatal projection neurons (dSPNs) send projections to the substantia nigra (SNr) and entopeduncular nucleus to regulate motor function. Recent studies have re-established that dSPNs also possess "bridging" collaterals within the globus pallidus (GPe), yet the significance of these collaterals for behavior is unknown. Here we use in vivo optical and chemogenetic tools combined with deep learning approaches to dissect the roles of bridging collaterals in motor function. We find that dSPNs projecting to the SNr send synchronous motor-related information to the GPe via axon collaterals. Inhibition of native activity in dSPN GPe terminals impairs motor activity and function via regulation of pallidostriatal Npas1 neurons. We propose a model by which dSPN GPe collaterals ("striatopallidal Go pathway") act in concert with the canonical terminals in the SNr to support motor control by inhibiting Npas1 signals going back to the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A. Labouesse
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Current address: Department of Health, Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, and Zurich Neuroscience Center, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arturo Torres-Herraez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Equal second-author contribution
| | - Muhammad O. Chohan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Equal second-author contribution
| | - Joseph Villarin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Equal second-author contribution
| | - Julia Greenwald
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Mysarah Zahran
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alice Tang
- Columbia College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sherry Lam
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Clay Lacefield
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - C. Savio Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ofer Yizhar
- Departments of Brain Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Lead contact: Christoph Kellendonk
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16
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Zhao YN, Jiang JB, Tao SY, Zhang Y, Chen ZK, Qu WM, Huang ZL, Yang SR. GABAergic neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus are essential for rapid eye movement sleep suppression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7552. [PMID: 36477665 PMCID: PMC9729601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disturbances are prevalent in various psychiatric disorders. However, the neural circuits that regulate REM sleep remain poorly understood. Here, we found that in male mice, optogenetic activation of rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) GABAergic neurons immediately converted REM sleep to arousal and then initiated non-REM (NREM) sleep. Conversely, laser-mediated inactivation completely converted NREM to REM sleep and prolonged REM sleep duration. The activity of RMTg GABAergic neurons increased to a high discharge level at the termination of REM sleep. RMTg GABAergic neurons directly converted REM sleep to wakefulness and NREM sleep via inhibitory projections to the laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT) and lateral hypothalamus (LH), respectively. Furthermore, LDT glutamatergic neurons were responsible for the REM sleep-wake transitions following photostimulation of the RMTgGABA-LDT circuit. Thus, RMTg GABAergic neurons are essential for suppressing the induction and maintenance of REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jian-Bo Jiang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shi-Yuan Tao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yang Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ze-Ka Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Su-Rong Yang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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17
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Brainstem ADCYAP1 + neurons control multiple aspects of sickness behaviour. Nature 2022; 609:761-771. [PMID: 36071158 PMCID: PMC9492535 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Infections induce a set of pleiotropic responses in animals, including anorexia, adipsia, lethargy and changes in temperature, collectively termed sickness behaviours1. Although these responses have been shown to be adaptive, the underlying neural mechanisms have not been elucidated2–4. Here we use of a set of unbiased methodologies to show that a specific subpopulation of neurons in the brainstem can control the diverse responses to a bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) that potently induces sickness behaviour. Whole-brain activity mapping revealed that subsets of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the area postrema (AP) acutely express FOS after LPS treatment, and we found that subsequent reactivation of these specific neurons in FOS2A-iCreERT2 (also known as TRAP2) mice replicates the behavioural and thermal component of sickness. In addition, inhibition of LPS-activated neurons diminished all of the behavioural responses to LPS. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the NTS–AP was used to identify LPS-activated neural populations, and we found that activation of ADCYAP1+ neurons in the NTS–AP fully recapitulates the responses elicited by LPS. Furthermore, inhibition of these neurons significantly diminished the anorexia, adipsia and locomotor cessation seen after LPS injection. Together these studies map the pleiotropic effects of LPS to a neural population that is both necessary and sufficient for canonical elements of the sickness response, thus establishing a critical link between the brain and the response to infection. A studying using a set of unbiased methodologies shows that a specific subpopulation of neurons in the brainstem can regulate the diverse responses to a bacterial endotoxin that induces sickness behaviours.
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18
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Nakajima KI. Neural insights into sweet taste transduction and hunger-induced taste modification in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1485-1489. [PMID: 35998309 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Feeding is one of the most fundamental activities in the survival and reproduction of animals. During feeding, the gustatory system functions as a gate keeper to evaluate food quality. Accumulated evidence in the field of taste research has shown that five basic tastes (sweet, umami, sour, bitter, and salty) are sensed by the corresponding taste receptors expressed in taste receptor cells on the tongue. In contrast, brain mechanisms that transduce or modify taste information have been less studied. In this review, I introduce our recent findings on the sweet taste transduction in the brainstem of mice and explain the hypothalamic neuronal network regulating hunger-induced taste modification. Finally, future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Nakajima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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19
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Takeda I, Yoshihara K, Cheung DL, Kobayashi T, Agetsuma M, Tsuda M, Eto K, Koizumi S, Wake H, Moorhouse AJ, Nabekura J. Controlled activation of cortical astrocytes modulates neuropathic pain-like behaviour. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4100. [PMID: 35835747 PMCID: PMC9283422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major public health problem that currently lacks effective treatment options. Here, a method that can modulate chronic pain-like behaviour induced by nerve injury in mice is described. By combining a transient nerve block to inhibit noxious afferent input from injured peripheral nerves, with concurrent activation of astrocytes in the somatosensory cortex (S1) by either low intensity transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or via the chemogenetic DREADD system, we could reverse allodynia-like behaviour previously established by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL). Such activation of astrocytes initiated spine plasticity to reduce those synapses formed shortly after PSL. This reversal from allodynia-like behaviour persisted well beyond the active treatment period. Thus, our study demonstrates a robust and potentially translational approach for modulating pain, that capitalizes on the interplay between noxious afferents, sensitized central neuronal circuits, and astrocyte-activation induced synaptic plasticity. Astrocytes may contribute to synaptic remodelling in the cortex in chronic pain states. Here the authors describe modulation of astrocyte activity to drive circuit reorganization in somatosensory cortex in mice, along with peripheral nerve block, which could be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Takeda
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshihara
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dennis L Cheung
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Masakazu Agetsuma
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Division of Molecular Design, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Eto
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Center of Optical Scattering Image Science Department of Systems Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Andrew J Moorhouse
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan. .,Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Physiological Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Japan.
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20
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Noble BT, Brennan FH, Wang Y, Guan Z, Mo X, Schwab JM, Popovich PG. Thoracic VGluT2 + Spinal Interneurons Regulate Structural and Functional Plasticity of Sympathetic Networks after High-Level Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3659-3675. [PMID: 35304427 PMCID: PMC9053847 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2134-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) above the major spinal sympathetic outflow (T6 level) disinhibits sympathetic neurons from supraspinal control, causing systems-wide "dysautonomia." We recently showed that remarkable structural remodeling and plasticity occurs within spinal sympathetic circuitry, creating abnormal sympathetic reflexes that exacerbate dysautonomia over time. As an example, thoracic VGluT2+ spinal interneurons (SpINs) become structurally and functionally integrated with neurons that comprise the spinal-splenic sympathetic network and immunological dysfunction becomes progressively worse after SCI. To test whether the onset and progression of SCI-induced sympathetic plasticity is neuron activity dependent, we selectively inhibited (or excited) thoracic VGluT2+ interneurons using chemogenetics. New data show that silencing VGluT2+ interneurons in female and male mice with a T3 SCI, using hM4Di designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (Gi DREADDs), blocks structural plasticity and the development of dysautonomia. Specifically, silencing VGluT2+ interneurons prevents the structural remodeling of spinal sympathetic networks that project to lymphoid and endocrine organs, reduces the frequency of spontaneous autonomic dysreflexia (AD), and reduces the severity of experimentally induced AD. Features of SCI-induced structural plasticity can be recapitulated in the intact spinal cord by activating excitatory hM3Dq-DREADDs in VGluT2+ interneurons. Collectively, these data implicate VGluT2+ excitatory SpINs in the onset and propagation of SCI-induced structural plasticity and dysautonomia, and reveal the potential for neuromodulation to block or reduce dysautonomia after severe high-level SCI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In response to stress or dangerous stimuli, autonomic spinal neurons coordinate a "fight or flight" response marked by increased cardiac output and release of stress hormones. After a spinal cord injury (SCI), normally harmless stimuli like bladder filling can result in a "false" fight or flight response, causing pathological changes throughout the body. We show that progressive hypertension and immune suppression develop after SCI because thoracic excitatory VGluT2+ spinal interneurons (SpINs) provoke structural remodeling in autonomic networks within below-lesion spinal levels. These pathological changes can be prevented in SCI mice or phenocopied in uninjured mice using chemogenetics to selectively manipulate activity in VGluT2+ SpINs. Targeted neuromodulation of SpINs could prevent structural plasticity and subsequent autonomic dysfunction in people with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Noble
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Faith H Brennan
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Zhen Guan
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jan M Schwab
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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21
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Barki N, Bolognini D, Börjesson U, Jenkins L, Riddell J, Hughes DI, Ulven T, Hudson BD, Ulven ER, Dekker N, Tobin AB, Milligan G. Chemogenetics defines a short-chain fatty acid receptor gut-brain axis. eLife 2022; 11:73777. [PMID: 35229717 PMCID: PMC8887895 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile small molecules, including the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate and propionate, released by the gut microbiota from the catabolism of nondigestible starches, can act in a hormone-like fashion via specific G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The primary GPCR targets for these SCFAs are FFA2 and FFA3. Using transgenic mice in which FFA2 was replaced by an altered form called a Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (FFA2-DREADD), but in which FFA3 is unaltered, and a newly identified FFA2-DREADD agonist 4-methoxy-3-methyl-benzoic acid (MOMBA), we demonstrate how specific functions of FFA2 and FFA3 define a SCFA-gut-brain axis. Activation of both FFA2/3 in the lumen of the gut stimulates spinal cord activity and activation of gut FFA3 directly regulates sensory afferent neuronal firing. Moreover, we demonstrate that FFA2 and FFA3 are both functionally expressed in dorsal root- and nodose ganglia where they signal through different G proteins and mechanisms to regulate cellular calcium levels. We conclude that FFA2 and FFA3, acting at distinct levels, provide an axis by which SCFAs originating from the gut microbiota can regulate central activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Barki
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Bolognini
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Börjesson
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laura Jenkins
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John Riddell
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David I Hughes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian D Hudson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Rexen Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niek Dekker
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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22
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Perrotta M, Carnevale D. Brain Areas Involved in Modulating the Immune Response Participating in Hypertension and Its Target Organ Damage. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1515-1530. [PMID: 34269604 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hypertension is a multifactorial disease ensuing from the continuous challenge imposed by several risk factors on the cardiovascular system. Classically known pathophysiological alterations associated with hypertension comprise neurogenic mechanisms dysregulating the autonomic nervous system (ANS), vascular dysfunction, and excessive activation of the renin angiotensin system. During the past few years, a considerable number of studies indicated that immune activation and inflammation also have an important role in the onset and maintenance of hypertension. Critical Issues: On these premises, it has been necessary to reconsider the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypertension development, taking into account the potential interactions established between classically known determinants of high blood pressure and the immune system. Recent Advances: Interestingly, central nervous system areas controlling cardiovascular functions are enriched with Angiotensin II receptors. Observations showing that these brain areas are crucial for mediating peripheral ANS and immune responses were suggestive of a critical role of neuroimmune interactions in hypertension. In fact, the ANS, characterized by an intricate network of afferent and efferent fibers, represents an intermediate between the brain and peripheral responses that are essential for blood pressure regulation. Future Directions: In this review, we will summarize studies showing how specific brain areas can modulate immune responses that are involved in hypertension. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1515-1530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Perrotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Research Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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23
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Roseboom PH, Mueller SAL, Oler JA, Fox AS, Riedel MK, Elam VR, Olsen ME, Gomez JL, Boehm MA, DiFilippo AH, Christian BT, Michaelides M, Kalin NH. Evidence in primates supporting the use of chemogenetics for the treatment of human refractory neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3484-3497. [PMID: 33895327 PMCID: PMC8636156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primate (NHP) models are essential for developing and translating new treatments that target neural circuit dysfunction underlying human psychopathology. As a proof-of-concept for treating neuropsychiatric disorders, we used a NHP model of pathological anxiety to investigate the feasibility of decreasing anxiety by chemogenetically (DREADDs [designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs]) reducing amygdala neuronal activity. Intraoperative MRI surgery was used to infect dorsal amygdala neurons with AAV5-hSyn-HA-hM4Di in young rhesus monkeys. In vivo microPET studies with [11C]-deschloroclozapine and postmortem autoradiography with [3H]-clozapine demonstrated selective hM4Di binding in the amygdala, and neuronal expression of hM4Di was confirmed with immunohistochemistry. Additionally, because of its high affinity for DREADDs, and its approved use in humans, we developed an individualized, low-dose clozapine administration strategy to induce DREADD-mediated amygdala inhibition. Compared to controls, clozapine selectively decreased anxiety-related freezing behavior in the human intruder paradigm in hM4Di-expressing monkeys, while coo vocalizations and locomotion were unaffected. These results are an important step in establishing chemogenetic strategies for patients with refractory neuropsychiatric disorders in which amygdala alterations are central to disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Roseboom
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
| | - Sascha A L Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Jonathan A Oler
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Andrew S Fox
- Department of Psychology and the California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marissa K Riedel
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Victoria R Elam
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Miles E Olsen
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Juan L Gomez
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Matthew A Boehm
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Alexandra H DiFilippo
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ned H Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
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24
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Kim J, Rahman MH, Lee WH, Suk K. Chemogenetic stimulation of the G i pathway in astrocytes suppresses neuroinflammation. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00822. [PMID: 34676988 PMCID: PMC8532135 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are commonly used in chemogenetics as designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs). Although several GPCRs have been studied in astrocytes using a chemogenetic approach, the functional role of the astrocytic Gi pathway is not clear, as the literature is conflicting depending on the brain regions or behaviors investigated. In this study, we evaluated the role of the astrocytic Gi pathway in neuroinflammation using a Gi -coupled DREADD (hM4Di). Gi -DREADD was expressed in hippocampal astrocytes of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation mouse model using adeno-associated viruses. We found that astrocyte Gi -DREADD stimulation using clozapine N-oxide (CNO) inhibits neuroinflammation, as characterized by decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, glial activation, and cognitive impairment in mice. Subsequent experiments using primary astrocyte cultures revealed that Gi -DREADD stimulation significantly downregulated LPS-induced expression of Nos2 mRNA and nitric oxide production. Similarly, in vitro calcium imaging showed that activation of the astrocytic Gi pathway attenuated intracellular calcium transients triggered by LPS treatment, suggesting a positive correlation between enhanced calcium transients and the inflammatory phenotype of astrocytes observed in the inflamed brain. Taken together, our results indicate that the astrocytic Gi pathway plays an inhibitory role in neuroinflammation, providing an opportunity to identify potential cellular and molecular targets to control neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae‐Hong Kim
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence ProgramDepartment of Biomedical SciencesSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence ProgramDepartment of Biomedical SciencesSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Won Ha Lee
- School of Life SciencesBrain Korea 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence ProgramDepartment of Biomedical SciencesSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
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25
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Mimura K, Nagai Y, Inoue KI, Matsumoto J, Hori Y, Sato C, Kimura K, Okauchi T, Hirabayashi T, Nishijo H, Yahata N, Takada M, Suhara T, Higuchi M, Minamimoto T. Chemogenetic activation of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in freely moving common marmosets. iScience 2021; 24:103066. [PMID: 34568790 PMCID: PMC8449082 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To interrogate particular neuronal pathways in nonhuman primates under natural and stress-free conditions, we applied designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) technology to common marmosets. We injected adeno-associated virus vectors expressing the excitatory DREADD hM3Dq into the unilateral substantia nigra (SN) in four marmosets. Using multi-tracer positron emission tomography imaging, we detected DREADD expression in vivo, which was confirmed in nigrostriatal dopamine neurons by immunohistochemistry, as well as by assessed activation of the SN following agonist administration. The marmosets rotated in a contralateral direction relative to the activated side 30-90 min after consuming food containing the highly potent DREADD agonist deschloroclozapine (DCZ) but not on the following days without DCZ. These results indicate that non-invasive and reversible DREADD manipulation will extend the utility of marmosets as a primate model for linking neuronal activity and natural behavior in various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Mimura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Yuji Nagai
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Inoue
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Chika Sato
- Quantum Life Informatics Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
- Applied MRI Research, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Kei Kimura
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Takashi Okauchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hirabayashi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yahata
- Quantum Life Informatics Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
- Applied MRI Research, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Masahiko Takada
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Takafumi Minamimoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
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26
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Zhang L, Wang Y. Gene therapy in epilepsy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112075. [PMID: 34488082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy may constitute a promising alternative to conventional pharmacological tools and surgeries for epilepsy. For primary epilepsy, a single variant leading to a significant effect is relatively rare, while other forms are considered complex in inheritances with multiple susceptible mutations and impacts from the environment. Gene therapy in preclinical models of epilepsy has attempted to perform antiepileptogenic, anticonvulsant, or disease-modifying effects during epileptogenesis or after establishing the disease. Creating gene vectors tailored for different situations is the key to expanding gene therapy, and choosing the appropriate therapeutic target remains another fundamental problem. A variety of treatment strategies, from overexpressing inhibitory neuropeptides to modulating the expression of neurotransmitters or ion channels, have been tested in animal models. Additionally, emerging new approaches of optogenetics and chemogenetics, as well as genome-editing tools will further boost the prosperity of gene therapy. This review summarizes the experience obtained to date and discusses the challenges and opportunities in clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Neurology at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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27
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Pickering CA, Mazarakis ND. Viral Vector Delivery of DREADDs for CNS Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 21:191-206. [PMID: 33573551 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210211102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) are genetically modified G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), that can be activated by a synthetic ligand which is otherwise inert at endogenous receptors. DREADDs can be expressed in cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and subsequently offer the opportunity for remote and reversible silencing or activation of the target cells when the synthetic ligand is systemically administered. In neuroscience, DREADDs have thus far shown to be useful tools for several areas of research and offer considerable potential for the development of gene therapy strategies for neurological disorders. However, in order to design a DREADD-based gene therapy, it is necessary to first evaluate the viral vector delivery methods utilised in the literature to deliver these chemogenetic tools. This review evaluates each of the prominent strategies currently utilised for DREADD delivery, discussing their respective advantages and limitations. We focus on adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based and lentivirus-based systems, and the manipulation of these through cell-type specific promoters and pseudotyping. Furthermore, we address how virally mediated DREADD delivery could be improved in order to make it a viable gene therapy strategy and thus expand its translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri A Pickering
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Mazarakis
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Taylor-Yeremeeva EM, Wisser SC, Chakoma TL, Aldrich SJ, Denney AE, Donahue EK, Adelman JS, Ihle PCJ, Robinson S. Appetitive and aversive sensory preconditioning in rats is impaired by disruption of the postrhinal cortex. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 183:107461. [PMID: 34015445 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory involves binding stimuli and/or events together in time and place. Furthermore, memories become more complex when new experiences influence the meaning of stimuli within the original memory. Thus collectively, complex episodic memory formation and maintenance involves processes such as encoding, storage, retrieval, updating and reconsolidation, which can be studied using animal models of higher-order conditioning. In the present study aversive and appetitive sensory preconditioning paradigms were used to test the hypothesis that the postrhinal cortex (POR), which is a component of the hippocampal memory system, is involved in higher-order conditioning. Drawing on the known role of the POR in contextual learning, Experiment 1 employed a four-phase sensory preconditioning task that involved fear learning and context discrimination in rats with or without permanent lesions of the POR. In parallel, to examine POR function during higher-order conditioning in the absence of a particular spatial arrangement, Experiments 2 and 3 used a three-phase sensory preconditioning paradigm involving phasic stimuli. In Experiment 2, bilateral lesions of the POR were made and in Experiment 3, a chemogenetic approach was used to temporarily inactivate POR neurons during each phase of the paradigm. Evidence of successful sensory preconditioning was observed in sham rats which, during the critical context discrimination test, demonstrated higher levels of freezing behavior when re-exposed to the paired versus the unpaired context, whereas POR-lesioned rats did not. Data from the appetitive sensory preconditioning paradigm also confirmed the hypothesis in that during the critical auditory discrimination test, sham rats showed greater food cup responding following presentations of the paired compared to the unpaired auditory stimulus, whereas POR-lesioned rats did not. Lastly, in Experiment 3, when the POR was inactivated only during preconditioning or only during conditioning, discrimination during the critical auditory test was impaired. Thus, regardless of whether stimulus-stimulus associations were formed between static or phasic stimuli or whether revaluation of the paired stimulus occurred through association with an aversive or an appetitive unconditioned stimulus, the effects were the same; POR lesions disrupted the ability to use higher-order conditioned stimuli to guide prospective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen C Wisser
- Program in Neuroscience, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA
| | | | - Sara J Aldrich
- Program in Neuroscience, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA
| | - Amelia E Denney
- Program in Neuroscience, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA
| | - Erin K Donahue
- Program in Neuroscience, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA
| | - Julia S Adelman
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Peter C J Ihle
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Siobhan Robinson
- Program in Neuroscience, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA; Department of Psychology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA.
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29
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Guo W, Wan X, Ma L, Zhang J, Hashimoto K. Abnormalities in the composition of the gut microbiota in mice after repeated administration of DREADD ligands. Brain Res Bull 2021; 173:66-73. [PMID: 34004259 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) are known as genetically modified G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which can be activated by synthetic ligands such as clozapine N-oxide (CNO) and DREADD agonist 21 (compound 21: C21). The brain-gut-microbiota axis has a crucial role in bidirectional interactions between the brain and the gastrointestinal microbiota. In this study, we investigated whether repeated administration of CNO or C21 could influence the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces of adult mice. Repeated administration of CNO or C21 as drinking water did not alter the α- and β-diversity of gut microbiota in mice compared with control mice. However, we found significant changes in relative abundance for several bacteria in the CNO (or C21) group at the taxonomic level compared to the control group. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm distinguished the family Prevotellaceae, the genus Anaerocolumna, the genus Prevotella, and the genus Frisingicoccus, these four specific microbial markers for the CNO group relative to the control group. In addition, the LEfSe algorithm identified the family Clostridiaceae, the genus Faecalicatena and the genus Marinisporobacter, these three bacteria of different taxonomic as potential microbial markers for the C21 group relative to the control group. In contrast, repeated administration of CNO (or C21) did not alter SCFAs in feces samples of adult mice. The data suggest that repeated administration of CNO or C21 contributes to an unusual organization of the gut microbiota in adult mice. Therefore, abnormalities in the composition of gut microbiota by repeated dosing of DREADD ligands should be taken into consideration for behavioral and biological functions in rodents treated with DREADD ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Xiayun Wan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Li Ma
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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30
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Boehm MA, Bonaventura J, Gomez JL, Solís O, Stein EA, Bradberry CW, Michaelides M. Translational PET applications for brain circuit mapping with transgenic neuromodulation tools. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 204:173147. [PMID: 33549570 PMCID: PMC8297666 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic neuromodulation tools have transformed the field of neuroscience over the past two decades by enabling targeted manipulation of neuronal populations and circuits with unprecedented specificity. Chemogenetic and optogenetic neuromodulation systems are among the most widely used and allow targeted control of neuronal activity through the administration of a selective compound or light, respectively. Innovative genetic targeting strategies are utilized to transduce specific cells to express transgenic receptors and opsins capable of manipulating neuronal activity. These allow mapping of neuroanatomical projection sites and link cellular manipulations with brain circuit functions and behavior. As these tools continue to expand knowledge of the nervous system in preclinical models, developing translational applications for human therapies is becoming increasingly possible. However, new strategies for implementing and monitoring transgenic tools are needed for safe and effective use in translational research and potential clinical applications. A major challenge for such applications is the need to track the location and function of chemogenetic receptors and opsins in vivo, and new developments in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging techniques offer promising solutions. The goal of this review is to summarize current research combining transgenic tools with PET for in vivo mapping and manipulation of brain circuits and to propose future directions for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Boehm
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Juan L Gomez
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Oscar Solís
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Elliot A Stein
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Charles W Bradberry
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Michael Michaelides
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
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31
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Desmet NM, Dhusia K, Qi W, Doseff AI, Bhattacharya S, Gilad AA. Bioengineering of Genetically Encoded Gene Promoter Repressed by the Flavonoid Apigenin for Constructing Intracellular Sensor for Molecular Events. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11050137. [PMID: 33924783 PMCID: PMC8147076 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Synthetic Biology has emerged as a new discipline where functions that were traditionally performed by electronic devices are replaced by "cellular devices"; genetically encoded circuits constructed of DNA that are built from biological parts (aka bio-parts). The cellular devices can be used for sensing and responding to natural and artificial signals. However, a major challenge in the field is that the crosstalk between many cellular signaling pathways use the same signaling endogenous molecules that can result in undesired activation. To overcome this problem, we utilized a specific promoter that can activate genes with a natural, non-toxic ligand at a highly-induced transcription level with low background or undesirable off-target expression. Here we used the orphan aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that upon activation binds to specific AHR response elements (AHRE) of the Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) promoter. Flavonoids have been identified as AHR ligands. Data presented here show the successful creation of a synthetic gene "off" switch that can be monitored directly using an optical reporter gene. This is the first step towards bioengineering of a synthetic, nanoscale bio-part for constructing a sensor for molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Desmet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
- Division of Synthetic Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kalyani Dhusia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
| | - Wenjie Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrea I. Doseff
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Assaf A. Gilad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
- Division of Synthetic Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence:
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32
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Meister J, Wang L, Pydi SP, Wess J. Chemogenetic approaches to identify metabolically important GPCR signaling pathways: Therapeutic implications. J Neurochem 2021; 158:603-620. [PMID: 33540469 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by a Designer Drug) are designer G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are widely used in the neuroscience field to modulate neuronal activity. In this review, we will focus on DREADD studies carried out with genetically engineered mice aimed at elucidating signaling pathways important for maintaining proper glucose and energy homeostasis. The availability of muscarinic receptor-based DREADDs endowed with selectivity for one of the four major classes of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gs , Gi , Gq , and G12 ) has been instrumental in dissecting the physiological and pathophysiological roles of distinct G protein signaling pathways in metabolically important cell types. The novel insights gained from this work should inform the development of novel classes of drugs useful for the treatment of several metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslawna Meister
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sai P Pydi
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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33
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Tan Y, Hang F, Liu ZW, Stoiljkovic M, Wu M, Tu Y, Han W, Lee AM, Kelley C, Hajós M, Lu L, de Lecea L, De Araujo I, Picciotto MR, Horvath TL, Gao XB. Impaired hypocretin/orexin system alters responses to salient stimuli in obese male mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4985-4998. [PMID: 32516139 DOI: 10.1172/jci130889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain has evolved in an environment where food sources are scarce, and foraging for food is one of the major challenges for survival of the individual and species. Basic and clinical studies show that obesity or overnutrition leads to overwhelming changes in the brain in animals and humans. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the consequences of excessive energy intake are not well understood. Neurons expressing the neuropeptide hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) in the lateral/perifonical hypothalamus (LH) are critical for homeostatic regulation, reward seeking, stress response, and cognitive functions. In this study, we examined adaptations in Hcrt cells regulating behavioral responses to salient stimuli in diet-induced obese mice. Our results demonstrated changes in primary cilia, synaptic transmission and plasticity, cellular responses to neurotransmitters necessary for reward seeking, and stress responses in Hcrt neurons from obese mice. Activities of neuronal networks in the LH and hippocampus were impaired as a result of decreased hypocretinergic function. The weakened Hcrt system decreased reward seeking while altering responses to acute stress (stress-coping strategy), which were reversed by selectively activating Hcrt cells with chemogenetics. Taken together, our data suggest that a deficiency in Hcrt signaling may be a common cause of behavioral changes (such as lowered arousal, weakened reward seeking, and altered stress response) in obese animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fu Hang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Guangxi Reproductive Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mingxing Wu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliate Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Preservation, Second Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfei Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angela M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Craig Kelley
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, SUNY Downstate and NYU Tandon, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mihály Hajós
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ivan De Araujo
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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34
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Lu HJ, Nguyen TL, Hong GS, Pak S, Kim H, Kim H, Kim DY, Kim SY, Shen Y, Ryu PD, Lee MO, Oh U. Tentonin 3/TMEM150C senses blood pressure changes in the aortic arch. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3671-3683. [PMID: 32484458 DOI: 10.1172/jci133798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The baroreceptor reflex is a powerful neural feedback that regulates arterial pressure (AP). Mechanosensitive channels transduce pulsatile AP to electrical signals in baroreceptors. Here we show that tentonin 3 (TTN3/TMEM150C), a cation channel activated by mechanical strokes, is essential for detecting AP changes in the aortic arch. TTN3 was expressed in nerve terminals in the aortic arch and nodose ganglion (NG) neurons. Genetic ablation of Ttn3 induced ambient hypertension, tachycardia, AP fluctuations, and impaired baroreflex sensitivity. Chemogenetic silencing or activation of Ttn3+ neurons in the NG resulted in an increase in AP and heart rate, or vice versa. More important, overexpression of Ttn3 in the NG of Ttn3-/- mice reversed the cardiovascular changes observed in Ttn3-/- mice. We conclude that TTN3 is a molecular component contributing to the sensing of dynamic AP changes in baroreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Jun Lu
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea.,College of Pharmacy
| | - Thien-Luan Nguyen
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea.,College of Pharmacy
| | - Gyu-Sang Hong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungmin Pak
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyesu Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungsup Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sung-Yon Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and
| | - Yiming Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pan Dong Ryu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Uhtaek Oh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
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35
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Vincent SG, Fisher JT. In vivo cardiopulmonary impact of skeletal M 3Dq DREADD expression: a pilot study. J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:1059-1070. [PMID: 34272586 PMCID: PMC8572194 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The muscarinic M3 receptor (M3R) is implicated in cardiopulmonary control and many other peripheral physiologic functions. Previous observations report mortality in mice expressing a Gq-linked designer G-protein coupled receptor (Dq) selectively in striated muscle, while M3Dq DREADD (Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug), selectively expressed in skeletal muscle (SKM) impacts glucose metabolism. We investigated whether activation of SKM M3Dq impacts cardiopulmonary function. Heart rate (HR), body temperature (Tb) and locomotor activity (ACT) were measured in 4 conscious, chronically instrumented M3Dq DREADD mice and 4 wildtype controls. Circadian values of HR, BT and ACT were not different between genotypes (p > 0.05). Activation of the M3Dq DREADD by clozapine N-oxide (CNO; 0.1 mg/kg) resulted in: a significant drop in heart rate, 2 h after injection, compared with a time-matched baseline control period from the same animals (460 ± 28 vs. 532 ± 6, p < 0.05), significantly lower ACT compared to the baseline control (p < 0.05) and reduced pulmonary minute ventilation compared to pre-CNO control (p < 0.05). M3Dq DREADD activation did not cause bronchoconstriction (separate protocol), however, there was a concomitant reduction in HR, Tb and ventilation, accompanied by cardiac arrhythmias. We speculate that reductions in Tb, HR and ventilation reflect a mechanistic link between SKM Gq signaling and the metabolic responses associated with the initiation of torpor. Supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR MOP-81211).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra G. Vincent
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - John T. Fisher
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
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36
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Marciante AB, Farmer GE, Cunningham JT. G q DREADD activation of CaMKIIa MnPO neurons stimulates nitric oxide activity. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:591-609. [PMID: 32697679 PMCID: PMC7500373 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00239.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) modify cellular activity following administration of the exogenous ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). However, some reports indicate CNO may have off-target effects. The current studies investigate the use of Gq DREADDs in CaMKIIa-expressing neurons in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g) anesthetized with isoflurane were stereotaxically microinjected in the MnPO with the Gq DREADD (AAV5-CaMKIIa-HM3D-mCherry) or control virus (AAV5-CaMKIIa-mCherry). Following a 2-wk recovery, rats were used for either immunohistochemical Fos analysis or in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology. In Gq DREADD-injected rats, CNO induced significant increases in Fos staining in the MnPO and in regions that receive direct or indirect projections from the MnPO. In electrophysiological studies, CNO depolarized and augmented firing frequency in both Gq DREADD-positive neurons (Gq DREADD) as well as unlabeled MnPO neurons in slices from Gq DREADD-injected rats (Gq DREADDx). Gq DREADDx neurons also displayed increases in spontaneous postsynaptic current (sPSC) frequency in response to CNO. Additionally, CaMKIIa-positive MnPO neurons, which also express nitric oxide synthase (NOS), were treated with Nω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA; competitive inhibitor of NOS) and hemoglobin (NO scavenger) to assess the role of NO in Gq DREADDx neuron recruitment. Both l-NNA and hemoglobin blocked CNO-induced effects in Gq DREADDx neurons without affecting Gq DREADD neurons. These findings indicate that Gq DREADD-mediated activation of CaMKIIa/NOS expressing neurons in the MnPO can influence the activity of neighboring neurons. Future studies utilizing the use of Gq DREADDs will need to consider the potential recruitment of additional cell populations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Rats were injected in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) with either an adeno-associated virus (AAV) and excitatory (Gq) designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) construct or a control AAV. In the Gq DREADD-injected rats only, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) increased Fos staining in the MnPO and its targets and increased neuron action potential frequency. In electrophysiology experiments with slices with DREADD cells, unlabeled cells were activated and this was likely due to nitric oxide release by the DREADD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria B Marciante
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - George E Farmer
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas
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Kaiser E, Tian Q, Wagner M, Barth M, Xian W, Schröder L, Ruppenthal S, Kaestner L, Boehm U, Wartenberg P, Lu H, McMillin SM, Bone DBJ, Wess J, Lipp P. DREADD technology reveals major impact of Gq signalling on cardiac electrophysiology. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1052-1066. [PMID: 30321287 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Signalling via Gq-coupled receptors is of profound importance in many cardiac diseases such as hypertrophy and arrhythmia. Nevertheless, owing to their widespread expression and the inability to selectively stimulate such receptors in vivo, their relevance for cardiac function is not well understood. We here use DREADD technology to understand the role of Gq-coupled signalling in vivo in cardiac function. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated a novel transgenic mouse line that expresses a Gq-coupled DREADD (Dq) in striated muscle under the control of the muscle creatine kinase promotor. In vivo injection of the DREADD agonist clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) resulted in a dose-dependent, rapid mortality of the animals. In vivo electrocardiogram data revealed severe cardiac arrhythmias including lack of P waves, atrioventricular block, and ventricular tachycardia. Following Dq activation, electrophysiological malfunction of the heart could be recapitulated in the isolated heart ex vivo. Individual ventricular and atrial myocytes displayed a positive inotropic response and arrhythmogenic events in the absence of altered action potentials. Ventricular tissue sections revealed a strong co-localization of Dq with the principal cardiac connexin CX43. Western blot analysis with phosphor-specific antibodies revealed strong phosphorylation of a PKC-dependent CX43 phosphorylation site following CNO application in vivo. CONCLUSION Activation of Gq-coupled signalling has a major impact on impulse generation, impulse propagation, and coordinated impulse delivery in the heart. Thus, Gq-coupled signalling does not only modulate the myocytes' Ca2+ handling but also directly alters the heart's electrophysiological properties such as intercellular communication. This study greatly advances our understanding of the plethora of modulatory influences of Gq signalling on the heart in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kaiser
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Qinghai Tian
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Monika Barth
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenying Xian
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Laura Schröder
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Ruppenthal
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wartenberg
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Huiyan Lu
- Mouse Transgenic Core Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara M McMillin
- Molecular Signaling Section, Lab. of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Derek B J Bone
- Molecular Signaling Section, Lab. of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Lab. of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Lipp
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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38
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Nakazato Y, Fujita Y, Nakazato M, Yamashita T. Neurons promote encephalitogenic CD4 + lymphocyte infiltration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7354. [PMID: 32355314 PMCID: PMC7192891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by neuroinflammation, leading to demyelination and axonal degeneration. Neuronal excitotoxity mediated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) results in neuronal damage in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Here, we define a critical role of excitatory neurons in the pathogenesis of CD4+ lymphocyte accumulation in EAE. We silenced the activity of excitatory neurons in a mouse model of targeted EAE using inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) under a CaMKIIα promoter. Neuronal silencing mitigated clinical disease scores in EAE, reduced the expression of c-fos, Tnfα, Ccl2, and Ccr2 mRNAs in targeted EAE lesions, and prevented the migration of CD4+ lymphocytes towards neurons. Ccl2 shRNA treatment of targeted EAE suppressed the migration of CD4+ lymphocytes and alleviated the motor deficits of EAE. Our findings indicate that neuronal activation in EAE promotes the migration of CCR2+ CD4+ lymphocytes and that neuronal silencing with an inhibitory DREADD alleviates clinical and molecular markers of disease. Neuronal CCL2 is thought to be involved in promoting lymphocytes migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakazato
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Nakazato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. .,Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Kiguchi N, Uta D, Ding H, Uchida H, Saika F, Matsuzaki S, Fukazawa Y, Abe M, Sakimura K, Ko MC, Kishioka S. GRP receptor and AMPA receptor cooperatively regulate itch-responsive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Neuropharmacology 2020; 170:108025. [PMID: 32142790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor-expressing (GRPR)+ neurons have a central role in the spinal transmission of itch. Because their fundamental regulatory mechanisms are not yet understood, it is important to determine how such neurons are excited and integrate itch sensation. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms for the activation of itch-responsive GRPR+ neurons in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH). GRPR+ neurons expressed the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) containing the GluR2 subunit. In mice, peripherally elicited histaminergic and non-histaminergic itch was prevented by intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the AMPAR antagonist NBQX, which was consistent with the fact that firing of GRPR+ neurons in SDH under histaminergic and non-histaminergic itch was completely blocked by NBQX, but not by the GRPR antagonist RC-3095. Because GRP+ neurons in SDH contain glutamate, we investigated the role of GRP+ (GRP+/Glu+) neurons in regulating itch. Chemogenetic inhibition of GRP+ neurons suppressed both histaminergic and non-histaminergic itch without affecting the mechanical pain threshold. In nonhuman primates, i.t. administration of NBQX also attenuated peripherally elicited itch without affecting the thermal pain threshold. In a mouse model of diphenylcyclopropenone (DCP)-induced contact dermatitis, GRP, GRPR, and AMPAR subunits were upregulated in SDH. DCP-induced itch was prevented by either silencing GRP+ neurons or ablation of GRPR+ neurons. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that GRP and glutamate cooperatively regulate GRPR+ AMPAR+ neurons in SDH, mediating itch sensation. GRP-GRPR and the glutamate-AMPAR system may play pivotal roles in the spinal transmission of itch in rodents and nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Kiguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Uta
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Hitoshi Uchida
- Department of Cellular Neuropathology, Brain Research Institute Niigata University, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Saika
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | - Yohji Fukazawa
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0482, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, NC, 28144, USA
| | - Shiroh Kishioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
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Raper J, Murphy L, Richardson R, Romm Z, Kovacs-Balint Z, Payne C, Galvan A. Chemogenetic Inhibition of the Amygdala Modulates Emotional Behavior Expression in Infant Rhesus Monkeys. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0360-19.2019. [PMID: 31541000 PMCID: PMC6791827 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0360-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of neuronal activity during the early postnatal period in monkeys has been largely limited to permanent lesion studies, which can be impacted by developmental plasticity leading to reorganization and compensation from other brain structures that can interfere with the interpretations of results. Chemogenetic tools, such as DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs), can transiently and reversibly activate or inactivate brain structures, avoiding the pitfalls of permanent lesions to better address important developmental neuroscience questions. We demonstrate that inhibitory DREADDs in the amygdala can be used to manipulate socioemotional behavior in infant monkeys. Two infant rhesus monkeys (1 male, 1 female) received AAV5-hSyn-HA-hM4Di-IRES-mCitrine injections bilaterally in the amygdala at 9 months of age. DREADD activation after systemic administration of either clozapine-N-oxide or low-dose clozapine resulted in decreased freezing and anxiety on the human intruder paradigm and changed the looking patterns on a socioemotional attention eye-tracking task, compared with vehicle administration. The DREADD-induced behaviors were reminiscent of, but not identical to, those seen after permanent amygdala lesions in infant monkeys, such that neonatal lesions produce a more extensive array of behavioral changes in response to the human intruder task that were not seen with DREADD-evoked inhibition of this region. Our results may help support the notion that the more extensive behavior changes seen after early lesions are manifested from brain reorganization that occur after permanent damage. The current study provides a proof of principle that DREADDs can be used in young infant monkeys to transiently and reversibly manipulate behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Raper
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Lauren Murphy
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Rebecca Richardson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Zoe Romm
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Zsofia Kovacs-Balint
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | | | - Adriana Galvan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
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41
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Stanley A, Heo SJ, Mauck RL, Mourkioti F, Shore EM. Elevated BMP and Mechanical Signaling Through YAP1/RhoA Poises FOP Mesenchymal Progenitors for Osteogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1894-1909. [PMID: 31107558 PMCID: PMC7209824 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disease characterized by the formation of extraskeletal bone, or heterotopic ossification (HO), in soft connective tissues such as skeletal muscle. All familial and sporadic cases with a classic clinical presentation of FOP carry a gain-of-function mutation (R206H; c.617 G > A) in ACVR1, a cell surface receptor that mediates bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. The BMP signaling pathway is recognized for its chondro/osteogenic-induction potential, and HO in FOP patients forms ectopic but qualitatively normal endochondral bone tissue through misdirected cell fate decisions by tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells. In addition to biochemical ligand-receptor signaling, mechanical cues from the physical environment are transduced to activate intracellular signaling, a process known as mechanotransduction, and can influence cell fates. Utilizing an established mesenchymal stem cell model of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from the Acvr1R206H/+ mouse model that mimics the human disease, we demonstrated that activation of the mechanotransductive effectors Rho/ROCK and YAP1 are increased in Acvr1R206H/+ cells. We show that on softer substrates, a condition associated with low mechanical signaling, the morphology of Acvr1R206H/+ cells is similar to the morphology of control Acvr1+/+ cells on stiffer substrates, a condition that activates mechanotransduction. We further determined that Acvr1R206H/+ cells are poised for osteogenic differentiation, expressing increased levels of chondro/osteogenic markers compared with Acvr1+/+ cells. We also identified increased YAP1 nuclear localization in Acvr1R206H/+ cells, which can be rescued by either BMP inhibition or Rho antagonism. Our results establish RhoA and YAP1 signaling as modulators of mechanotransduction in FOP and suggest that aberrant mechanical signals, combined with and as a result of the increased BMP pathway signaling through mutant ACVR1, lead to misinterpretation of the cellular microenvironment and a heightened sensitivity to mechanical stimuli that promotes commitment of Acvr1R206H/+ progenitor cells to chondro/osteogenic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stanley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Su-jin Heo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eileen M. Shore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Walker MC, Kullmann DM. Optogenetic and chemogenetic therapies for epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2019; 168:107751. [PMID: 31494141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant epilepsy remains a significant health-care burden. The most effective treatment is surgery, but this is suitable for very few patients because of the unacceptable consequences of removing brain tissue. In contrast, gene therapy can regulate neuronal excitability in the epileptic focus whilst preserving function. Optogenetics and chemogenetics have the advantage that they are titratable therapies. Optogenetics uses light to control the excitability of specific neuronal populations. Optogenetics can be used in a closed-loop paradigm in which the light source is activated only when seizures are detected. However, expression of foreign proteins raises concerns about immunogenicity. Chemogenetics relies on the modification of an endogenous receptor or the production of a modified chimeric receptor that responds to an exogenous ligand. The main chemogenetic approach applied to epilepsy is to use designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), which have been mainly modified muscarinic receptors or kappa-opioid receptors. Genetically modified human muscarinic receptor DREADDs are activated not by acetylcholine but by specific drugs such as clozapine-n-oxide or olanzepine. The dose of the drugs can be titrated in order to suppress seizures without adverse effects. Lastly, there is a chemogenetic approach that is activated by an endogenous ligand, glutamate. This takes advantage of invertebrate glutamate receptors that are chloride permeable. These bind glutamate released during seizure activity, and the resultant chloride current inhibits neuronal activity. The exogenous ligand, ivermectin, can also be given to reduce neuronal activity either chronically or as a rescue medication. The translation of this technology is hampered by the expression of a foreign protein. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'New Epilepsy Therapies for the 21st Century - From Antiseizure Drugs to Prevention, Modification and Cure of Epilepsy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Dimitri M Kullmann
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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Abstract
Substance and alcohol use disorders impose large health and economic burdens on individuals, families, communities, and society. Neither prevention nor treatment efforts are effective in all individuals. Results are often modest. Advances in neuroscience and addiction research have helped to describe the neurobiological changes that occur when a person transitions from recreational substance use to a substance use disorder or addiction. Understanding both the drivers and consequences of substance use in vulnerable populations, including those whose brains are still maturing, has revealed behavioral and biological characteristics that can increase risks of addiction. These findings are particularly timely, as law- and policymakers are tasked to reverse the ongoing opioid epidemic, as more states legalize marijuana, as new products including electronic cigarettes and newly designed abused substances enter the legal and illegal markets, and as "deaths of despair" from alcohol and drug misuse continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Uhl
- New Mexico VA Healthcare SystemAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
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44
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Cui Z, Smith AS. In vivo measurement of enhanced agouti-related peptide release in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus through G s activation of agouti-related peptide neurons. J Biol Methods 2019; 6:e116. [PMID: 31453263 PMCID: PMC6706141 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2019.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamus play a role in hunger-triggered food intake, stability of body weight, and long-term energy balance. A recent study showed that activation of the Gs-linked G protein-coupled receptors (GCPR) expressed by hypothalamic AgRP neurons promotes a sustained increase in food intake. Enhanced AgRP release has been the postulated underlying mechanism. Here, we confirmed that activation of Gs-coupled receptors expressed by AgRP neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, which is the primary brain region for the synthesis and release of AgRP, leads to increased release of AgRP in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). We were unable to confirm changes in AgRP expression or intracellular content using traditional histological techniques. Thus, we developed an assay to measure AgRP in the extracellular fluid in the brain using large molecular weight cut-off microdialysis probes. Our technique enables assessment of brain AgRP pharmacokinetics under physiological conditions and in response to specific pharmacological interventions designed to modulate AgRP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Cui
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Smith
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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45
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Akhmedov D, Kirkby NS, Mitchell JA, Berdeaux R. Imaging of Tissue-Specific and Temporal Activation of GPCR Signaling Using DREADD Knock-In Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1947:361-376. [PMID: 30969428 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9121-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Engineered G protein-coupled receptors (DREADDs, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) are convenient tools for specific activation of GPCR signaling in many cell types. DREADDs have been utilized as research tools to study numerous cellular and physiologic processes, including regulation of neuronal activity, behavior, and metabolism. Mice with random insertion transgenes and adeno-associated viruses have been widely used to express DREADDs in individual cell types. We recently created and characterized ROSA26-GsDREADD knock-in mice to allow Cre recombinase-dependent expression of a Gαs-coupled DREADD (GsD) fused to GFP in distinct cell populations in vivo. These animals also harbor a CREB-activated luciferase reporter gene for analysis of CREB activity by in vivo imaging, ex vivo imaging, or biochemical reporter assays. In this chapter, we provide detailed methods for breeding GsD animals, inducing GsD expression, stimulating GsD activity, and measuring basal and stimulated CREB reporter bioluminescence in tissues in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. These animals are available from our laboratory for non-profit research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Akhmedov
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas S Kirkby
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jane A Mitchell
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center-UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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46
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Kato S, Fukabori R, Nishizawa K, Okada K, Yoshioka N, Sugawara M, Maejima Y, Shimomura K, Okamoto M, Eifuku S, Kobayashi K. Action Selection and Flexible Switching Controlled by the Intralaminar Thalamic Neurons. Cell Rep 2019; 22:2370-2382. [PMID: 29490273 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning processes contributing to appropriate selection and flexible switching of behaviors are mediated through the dorsal striatum, a key structure of the basal ganglia circuit. The major inputs to striatal subdivisions are provided from the intralaminar thalamic nuclei, including the central lateral nucleus (CL) and parafascicular nucleus (PF). Thalamostriatal neurons in the PF modulate the acquisition and performance of stimulus-response learning. Here, we address the roles of the CL thalamostriatal neurons in learning processes by using a selective neural pathway targeting technique. We show that the CL neurons are essential for the performance of stimulus-response learning and for behavioral flexibility, including reversal and attentional set-shifting of learned responses. In addition, chemogenetic suppression of neural activity supports the requirements of these neurons for behavioral flexibility. Our results suggest that the main contribution of the CL thalamostriatal neurons is functional control of the basal ganglia circuit linked to the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ryoji Fukabori
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kayo Nishizawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kana Okada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masateru Sugawara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okamoto
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Eifuku
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.
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47
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Qin L, Ma K, Yan Z. Chemogenetic Activation of Prefrontal Cortex in Shank3-Deficient Mice Ameliorates Social Deficits, NMDAR Hypofunction, and Sgk2 Downregulation. iScience 2019; 17:24-35. [PMID: 31247448 PMCID: PMC6599088 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene is causally linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in human genetic studies. Here we found that chemogenetic activation of pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of Shank3-deficient mice with the hM3D (Gq) DREADD restored social preference behaviors and elevated glutamatergic synaptic function in PFC. Moreover, the expression of Sgk2 (serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 2), a member of the Sgk family, which plays a key role in regulating the membrane trafficking of glutamate receptors, was diminished by Shank3 deficiency and rescued by Gq DREADD activation of PFC. Blocking Sgk function in Shank3-deficient mice prevented Gq DREADD from rescuing social and synaptic deficits, whereas blocking Sgk function in wild-type mice led to the attenuation of PFC glutamatergic signaling and the induction of autism-like social deficits. These results have provided a potential circuit intervention and molecular target for autism treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luye Qin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Kaijie Ma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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48
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Inoue A, Raimondi F, Kadji FMN, Singh G, Kishi T, Uwamizu A, Ono Y, Shinjo Y, Ishida S, Arang N, Kawakami K, Gutkind JS, Aoki J, Russell RB. Illuminating G-Protein-Coupling Selectivity of GPCRs. Cell 2019; 177:1933-1947.e25. [PMID: 31160049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimetic G proteins consist of four subfamilies (Gs, Gi/o, Gq/11, and G12/13) that mediate signaling via G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), principally by receptors binding Gα C termini. G-protein-coupling profiles govern GPCR-induced cellular responses, yet receptor sequence selectivity determinants remain elusive. Here, we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique Gα subunit C termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric Gα subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11 and G12/13 proteins, and complemented G-protein-coupling profiles through a NanoBiT-G-protein dissociation assay. Interrogation of the dataset identified sequence-based coupling specificity features, inside and outside the transmembrane domain, which we used to develop a coupling predictor that outperforms previous methods. We used the predictor to engineer designer GPCRs selectively coupled to G12. This dataset of fine-tuned signaling mechanisms for diverse GPCRs is a valuable resource for research in GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (PRIME), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (LEAP), AMED, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Gurdeep Singh
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takayuki Kishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akiharu Uwamizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuki Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuji Shinjo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (LEAP), AMED, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Robert B Russell
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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49
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Zhu L, Dattaroy D, Pham J, Wang L, Barella LF, Cui Y, Wilkins KJ, Roth BL, Hochgeschwender U, Matschinsky FM, Kaestner KH, Doliba NM, Wess J. Intra-islet glucagon signaling is critical for maintaining glucose homeostasis. JCI Insight 2019; 5:127994. [PMID: 31012868 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon, a hormone released from pancreatic alpha-cells, plays a key role in maintaining proper glucose homeostasis and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetes. In vitro studies suggest that intra-islet glucagon can modulate the function of pancreatic beta-cells. However, because of the lack of suitable experimental tools, the in vivo physiological role of this intra-islet cross-talk has remained elusive. To address this issue, we generated a novel mouse model that selectively expressed an inhibitory designer G protein-coupled receptor (Gi DREADD) in α-cells only. Drug-induced activation of this inhibitory designer receptor almost completely shut off glucagon secretion in vivo, resulting in significantly impaired insulin secretion, hyperglycemia, and glucose intolerance. Additional studies with mouse and human islets indicated that intra-islet glucagon stimulates insulin release primarily by activating β-cell GLP-1 receptors. These new findings strongly suggest that intra-islet glucagon signaling is essential for maintaining proper glucose homeostasis in vivo. Our work may pave the way toward the development of novel classes of antidiabetic drugs that act by modulating intra-islet cross-talk between α- and β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhu
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Diptadip Dattaroy
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Pham
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lingdi Wang
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luiz F Barella
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yinghong Cui
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth J Wilkins
- Biostatistics Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ute Hochgeschwender
- Neuroscience Program and College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Franz M Matschinsky
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicolai M Doliba
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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50
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Mironova E, Suliman F, Stockand JD. Renal Na + excretion consequent to pharmacogenetic activation of G q-DREADD in principal cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F758-F767. [PMID: 30724104 PMCID: PMC6483033 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00612.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of metabotropic Gq-coupled purinergic P2Y2 receptors decreases activity of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in renal principal cells of the distal nephron. The physiological consequences of P2Y2 receptor signaling disruption in the P2Y2 receptor knockout mouse are decreased Na+ excretion and increased arterial blood pressure. However, because of the global nature of this knockout model, the quantitative contribution of ENaC and distal nephron compared with that of upstream renal vascular and tubular elements to changes in urinary excretion and arterial blood pressure is obscure. Moreover, it is uncertain whether stimulation of P2Y2 receptor inhibition of ENaC is sufficient to drive renal (urinary) Na+ excretion (UNaV). Here, using a pharmacogenetic approach and selective agonism of the P2Y2 receptor, we test the sufficiency of targeted stimulation of Gq signaling in principal cells of the distal nephron and P2Y2 receptors to increase UNaV. Selective stimulation of the P2Y2 receptor with the ligand MRS2768 decreased ENaC activity in freshly isolated tubules (as assessed by patch-clamp electrophysiology) and increased UNaV (as assessed in metabolic cages). Similarly, selective agonism of hM3Dq-designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) restrictively expressed in principal cells of the distal nephron with clozapine- N-oxide decreased ENaC activity and, consequently, increased UNaV. Clozapine- N-oxide, when applied to control littermates, failed to affect ENaC and UNaV. This study represents the first use of pharmacogenetic (DREADD) technology in the renal tubule and demonstrated that selective activation of the P2Y2 receptor and Gq signaling in principal cells is sufficient to promote renal salt excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mironova
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Faroug Suliman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James D Stockand
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
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