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Negi R, Srivastava A, Srivastava AK, Vatsa P, Ansari UA, Khan B, Singh H, Pandeya A, Pant AB. Proteomic-miRNA Biomics Profile Reveals 2D Cultures of Human iPSC-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells More Sensitive than 3D Spheroid System Against the Experimental Exposure to Arsenic. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5754-5770. [PMID: 38228842 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The iPSC-derived 3D models are considered to be a connective link between 2D culture and in vivo studies. However, the sensitivity of such 3D models is yet to be established. We assessed the sensitivity of the hiPSC-derived 3D spheroids against 2D cultures of neural progenitor cells. The sub-toxic dose of Sodium Arsenite (SA) was used to investigate the alterations in miRNA-proteins in both systems. Though SA exposure induced significant alterations in the proteins in both 2D and 3D systems, these proteins were uncommon except for 20 proteins. The number and magnitude of altered proteins were higher in the 2D system compared to 3D. The association of dysregulated miRNAs with the target proteins showed their involvement primarily in mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative and ER stress, transcription and translation mechanism, cytostructure, etc., in both culture systems. Further, the impact of dysregulated miRNAs and associated proteins on these functions and ultrastructural changes was compared in both culture systems. The ultrastructural studies revealed a similar pattern of mitochondrial damage, while the cellular bioenergetics studies confirm a significantly higher energy failure in the 2D system than to 3D. Such a higher magnitude of changes could be correlated with a higher amount of internalization of SA in 2D cultures than in 3D spheroids. Our findings demonstrate that a 2D culture system seems better responsive than a 3D spheroid system against SA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Negi
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - A Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - A K Srivastava
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Vatsa
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - U A Ansari
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - B Khan
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H Singh
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Pandeya
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A B Pant
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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Huang H, Lv Y, Chen Q, Huang X, Qin J, Liu Y, Liao Q, Xing X, Chen L, Liu Q, Li S, Long Z, Wang Q, Chen W, Wei Q, Hou M, Hu Q, Xiao Y. Empirical analysis of lead neurotoxicity mode of action and its application in health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118708. [PMID: 38493858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The mode of action (MOA) framework is proposed to inform a biological link between chemical exposures and adverse health effects. Despite a significant increase in knowledge and awareness, the application of MOA in human health risk assessment (RA) remains limited. This study aims to discuss the adoption of MOA for health RA within a regulatory context, taking our previously proposed but not yet validated MOA for lead neurotoxicity as an example. We first conducted a quantitative weight of evidence (qWOE) assessment, which revealed that the MOA has a moderate confidence. Then, targeted bioassays were performed within an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model to quantitatively validate the scientific validity of key events (KEs) in terms of essentiality and concordance of empirical support (dose/temporal concordance), which increases confidence in utilizing the MOA for RA. Building upon the quantitative validation data, we further conducted benchmark dose (BMD) analysis to map dose-response relationships for the critical toxicity pathways, and the lower limit of BMD at a 5% response (BMDL5) was identified as the point of departure (POD) value for adverse health effects. Notably, perturbation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) signaling pathway exhibited the lowest POD value, measured at 0.0062 μM. Considering bioavailability, we further calculated a provisional health-based guidance value (HBGV) for children's lead intake, determining it to be 2.56 μg/day. Finally, the health risk associated with the HBGV was assessed using the hazard quotient (HQ) approach, which indicated that the HBGV established in this study is a relative safe reference value for lead intake. In summary, our study described the procedure for utilizing MOA in health RA and set an example for MOA-based human health risk regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehai Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Occupational Health, Public Health Service Center, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518126, China
| | - Yanrong Lv
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qingfei Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jingyao Qin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qilong Liao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuangqi Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zihao Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mengjun Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiansheng Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Minz R, Sharma PK, Negi A, Kesari KK. MicroRNAs-Based Theranostics against Anesthetic-Induced Neurotoxicity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1833. [PMID: 37514018 PMCID: PMC10385075 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Various clinical reports indicate prolonged exposure to general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity (in vitro and in vivo). Behavior changes (memory and cognition) are compilations commonly cited with general anesthetics. The ability of miRNAs to modulate gene expression, thereby selectively altering cellular functions, remains one of the emerging techniques in the recent decade. Importantly, engineered miRNAs (which are of the two categories, i.e., agomir and antagomir) to an extent found to mitigate neurotoxicity. Utilizing pre-designed synthetic miRNA oligos would be an ideal analeptic approach for intervention based on indicative parameters. This review demonstrates engineered miRNA's potential as prophylactics and/or therapeutics minimizing the general anesthetics-induced neurotoxicity. Furthermore, we share our thoughts regarding the current challenges and feasibility of using miRNAs as therapeutic agents to counteract the adverse neurological effects. Moreover, we discuss the scientific status and updates on the novel neuro-miRNAs related to therapy against neurotoxicity induced by amyloid beta (Aβ) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseleena Minz
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi 853205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi 853205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Arvind Negi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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Hartmann J, Henschel N, Bartmann K, Dönmez A, Brockerhoff G, Koch K, Fritsche E. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Different BrainSphere Models for Use in Neurotoxicity Testing on Microelectrode Arrays. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091270. [PMID: 37174670 PMCID: PMC10177384 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The currently accepted methods for neurotoxicity (NT) testing rely on animal studies. However, high costs and low testing throughput hinder their application for large numbers of chemicals. To overcome these limitations, in vitro methods are currently being developed based on human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) that allow higher testing throughput at lower costs. We applied six different protocols to generate 3D BrainSphere models for acute NT evaluation. These include three different media for 2D neural induction and two media for subsequent 3D differentiation resulting in self-organized, organotypic neuron/astrocyte microtissues. All induction protocols yielded nearly 100% NESTIN-positive hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (hiNPCs), though with different gene expression profiles concerning regional patterning. Moreover, gene expression and immunocytochemistry analyses revealed that the choice of media determines neural differentiation patterns. On the functional level, BrainSpheres exhibited different levels of electrical activity on microelectrode arrays (MEA). Spike sorting allowed BrainSphere functional characterization with the mixed cultures consisting of GABAergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic neurons. A test method for acute NT testing, the human multi-neurotransmitter receptor (hMNR) assay, was proposed to apply such MEA-based spike sorting. These models are promising tools not only in toxicology but also for drug development and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hartmann
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Noah Henschel
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristina Bartmann
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- DNTOX GmbH, Gurlittstraße 53, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arif Dönmez
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- DNTOX GmbH, Gurlittstraße 53, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriele Brockerhoff
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Koch
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- DNTOX GmbH, Gurlittstraße 53, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- DNTOX GmbH, Gurlittstraße 53, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Wlodkowic D, Jansen M. High-throughput screening paradigms in ecotoxicity testing: Emerging prospects and ongoing challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135929. [PMID: 35944679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing number of new production chemicals coupled with stringent implementation of global chemical management programs necessities a paradigm shift towards boarder uses of low-cost and high-throughput ecotoxicity testing strategies as well as deeper understanding of cellular and sub-cellular mechanisms of ecotoxicity that can be used in effective risk assessment. The latter will require automated acquisition of biological data, new capabilities for big data analysis as well as computational simulations capable of translating new data into in vivo relevance. However, very few efforts have been so far devoted into the development of automated bioanalytical systems in ecotoxicology. This is in stark contrast to standardized and high-throughput chemical screening and prioritization routines found in modern drug discovery pipelines. As a result, the high-throughput and high-content data acquisition in ecotoxicology is still in its infancy with limited examples focused on cell-free and cell-based assays. In this work we outline recent developments and emerging prospects of high-throughput bioanalytical approaches in ecotoxicology that reach beyond in vitro biotests. We discuss future importance of automated quantitative data acquisition for cell-free, cell-based as well as developments in phytotoxicity and in vivo biotests utilizing small aquatic model organisms. We also discuss recent innovations such as organs-on-a-chip technologies and existing challenges for emerging high-throughput ecotoxicity testing strategies. Lastly, we provide seminal examples of the small number of successful high-throughput implementations that have been employed in prioritization of chemicals and accelerated environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Marcus Jansen
- LemnaTec GmbH, Nerscheider Weg 170, 52076, Aachen, Germany
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The Therapeutic Potential of Carnosine as an Antidote against Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Neurotoxicity: Focus on Nrf2 Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144452. [PMID: 35889325 PMCID: PMC9324774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different drug classes such as antineoplastic drugs (anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, taxanes, tyrosine kinase inhibitors), antiretroviral drugs, antipsychotic, and immunosuppressant drugs are known to induce cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that the impairment of the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is a primary event in the pathophysiology of drug-induced cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. The Nrf2 pathway regulates the expression of different genes whose products are involved in antioxidant and inflammatory responses and the detoxification of toxic species. Cardiotoxic drugs, such as the anthracycline doxorubicin, or neurotoxic drugs, such as paclitaxel, suppress or impair the Nrf2 pathway, whereas the rescue of this pathway counteracts both the oxidative stress and inflammation that are related to drug-induced cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Therefore Nrf2 represents a novel pharmacological target to develop new antidotes in the field of clinical toxicology. Interestingly, carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine), an endogenous dipeptide that is characterized by strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties is able to rescue/activate the Nrf2 pathway, as demonstrated by different preclinical studies and preliminary clinical evidence. Starting from these new data, in the present review, we examined the evidence on the therapeutic potential of carnosine as an endogenous antidote that is able to rescue the Nrf2 pathway and then counteract drug-induced cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
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Comparative Metabolomics Study of the Impact of Articaine and Lidocaine on the Metabolism of SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070581. [PMID: 35888705 PMCID: PMC9323911 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Articaine (ATC) and lidocaine (LDC) are the local anesthetics (LAs) currently most employed in dentistry. Cases of paresthesia, reported more frequently for ATC, have raised concerns about their potential neurotoxicity, calling for further investigation of their biological effects in neuronal cells. In this work, the impact of ATC and LDC on the metabolism of SH-SY5Y cells was investigated through 1H NMR metabolomics. For each LA, in vitro cultured cells were exposed to concentrations causing 10 and 50% reductions in cell viability, and their metabolic intracellular and extracellular profiles were characterized. Most effects were common to ATC and LDC, although with varying magnitudes. The metabolic variations elicited by the two LAs suggested (i) downregulation of glycolysis and of glucose-dependent pathways (e.g., one-carbon metabolism and hexosamine biosynthetic pathway), (ii) disturbance of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) catabolism, (iii) downregulation of TCA cycle anaplerotic fueling and activation of alternative energy producing pathways, (iv) interference with choline metabolism and (v) lipid droplet build-up. Interestingly, LDC had a greater impact on membrane phospholipid turnover, as suggested by higher phosphatidylcholine to phosphocholine conversion. Moreover, LDC elicited an increase in triglycerides, whereas cholesteryl esters accumulated in ATC-exposed cells, suggesting a different composition and handling of lipid droplets.
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Mirahmad M, Sabourian R, Mahdavi M, Larijani B, Safavi M. In vitro cell-based models of drug-induced hepatotoxicity screening: progress and limitation. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:161-193. [PMID: 35403528 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2064487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the major causes of post-approval withdrawal of therapeutics. As a result, there is an increasing need for accurate predictive in vitro assays that reliably detect hepatotoxic drug candidates while reducing drug discovery time, costs, and the number of animal experiments. In vitro hepatocyte-based research has led to an improved comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of chemical toxicity and can assist the prioritization of therapeutic choices with low hepatotoxicity risk. Therefore, several in vitro systems have been generated over the last few decades. This review aims to comprehensively present the development and validation of 2D (two-dimensional) and 3D (three-dimensional) culture approaches on hepatotoxicity screening of compounds and highlight the main factors affecting predictive power of experiments. To this end, we first summarize some of the recognized hepatotoxicity mechanisms and related assays used to appraise DILI mechanisms and then discuss the challenges and limitations of in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mirahmad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Sabourian
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Harry GJ, McBride S, Witchey SK, Mhaouty-Kodja S, Trembleau A, Bridge M, Bencsik A. Roadbumps at the Crossroads of Integrating Behavioral and In Vitro Approaches for Neurotoxicity Assessment. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:812863. [PMID: 35295216 PMCID: PMC8915899 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.812863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the appreciation that behavior represents the integration and complexity of the nervous system, neurobehavioral phenotyping and assessment has seen a renaissance over the last couple of decades, resulting in a robust database on rodent performance within various testing paradigms, possible associations with human disorders, and therapeutic interventions. The interchange of data across behavior and other test modalities and multiple model systems has advanced our understanding of fundamental biology and mechanisms associated with normal functions and alterations in the nervous system. While there is a demonstrated value and power of neurobehavioral assessments for examining alterations due to genetic manipulations, maternal factors, early development environment, the applied use of behavior to assess environmental neurotoxicity continues to come under question as to whether behavior represents a sensitive endpoint for assessment. Why is rodent behavior a sensitive tool to the neuroscientist and yet, not when used in pre-clinical or chemical neurotoxicity studies? Applying new paradigms and evidence on the biological basis of behavior to neurobehavioral testing requires expertise and refinement of how such experiments are conducted to minimize variability and maximize information. This review presents relevant issues of methods used to conduct such test, sources of variability, experimental design, data analysis, interpretation, and reporting. It presents beneficial and critical limitations as they translate to the in vivo environment and considers the need to integrate across disciplines for the best value. It proposes that a refinement of behavioral assessments and understanding of subtle pronounced differences will facilitate the integration of data obtained across multiple approaches and to address issues of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Jean Harry
- Neurotoxicology Group, Molecular Toxicology Branch, Division National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sandra McBride
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., a DLH Holdings Company, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Shannah K. Witchey
- Division National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris Seine – Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Alain Trembleau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Paris, France
| | - Matthew Bridge
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., a DLH Holdings Company, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Anna Bencsik
- Anses Laboratoire de Lyon, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Liu X, Wei Q, Yang X, Wang X, Zhang J, Xu R, Zhang H, Wang S, Wan X, Jiang L, He Y, Li S, Chen R, Wang Y, Chen Y, Qin F, Chen Y, Dai Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Bu Q, Wang H, Tian J, Zhao Y, Cen X. Lipidomics Reveals Dysregulated Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Corpus Striatum of Mice Treated with Cefepime. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4449-4464. [PMID: 34762393 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cefepime exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and thus is a widely used treatment for severe bacterial infections. Adverse effects on the central nervous system (CNS) have been reported in patients treated with cefepime. Current explanation for the adverse neurobehavioral effect of cefepime is mainly attributed to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and competitively bind to the GABAergic receptor; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, mice were intraperitoneally administered 80 mg/kg cefepime for different periods, followed by neurobehavioral tests and a brain lipidomic analysis. LC/MS-MS-based metabolomics was used to investigate the effect of cefepime on the brain lipidomic profile and metabolic pathways. Repeated cefepime treatment time-dependently caused anxiety-like behaviors, which were accompanied by reduced locomotor activity in the open field test. Cefepime profoundly altered the lipid profile, acyl chain length, and unsaturation of fatty acids in the corpus striatum, and glycerophospholipids accounted for a large proportion of those significantly modified lipids. In addition, cefepime treatment caused obvious alteration in the lipid-enriched membrane structure, neurites, mitochondria, and synaptic vesicles of primary cultured striatal neurons; moreover, the spontaneous electrical activity of striatal neurons was significantly reduced. Collectively, cefepime reprograms glycerophospholipid metabolism in the corpus striatum, which may interfere with neuronal structure and activity, eventually leading to aberrant neurobehaviors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Liu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingfan Wei
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Xu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoluo Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Wan
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linhong Jiang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuman He
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghai Wang
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxing Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Qin
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Dai
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongchun Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaqin Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Bu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Ibrahim Fouad G, Ahmed KA. Neuroprotective Potential of Berberine Against Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in Rat's Brain. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3247-3263. [PMID: 34403065 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-associated neurotoxicity is one of the principal side-effects for doxorubicin (DOX)-treated cancer patients. Despite its poor-penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), DOX is linked to the induction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Berberine (BEB) is a natural polyphenolic alkaloid, which exhibits unique antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory potential. The present study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of BEB in a rodent model of DOX-induced neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity was induced in rats via a single acute dose of DOX (20 mg/kg/week, i.p.). BEB was administered at 50 mg/kg/day orally for 10 days before and 4 days after DOX administration. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were evaluated. Oxidative stress was investigated via the colorimetric determination of lipid peroxides, glutathione reduced (GSH) contents and catalase (CAT) activities in the brain tissue. In addition, DOX-induced genotoxicity was evaluated using comet assay. DOX produced a significant elevation in AChE activities. Additionally, DOX provoked oxidative stress as evidenced from the significant elevation in lipid peroxidation along with depletion in GSH contents and CAT activities. Moreover, DOX resulted in neuroinflammation as indicated by the elevation of pro-inflammatory mediator glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), as well as, the pro-apoptotic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and caspase-3 in brain tissue. Co-treatment with BEB significantly counteracted DOX-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and genotoxicity. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination supported the biochemical results. BEB demonstrated neuroprotective potential through exerting cholinergic, anti-oxidative, genoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Our findings present BEB as a promising "pre-clinical" neuroprotective agent against DOX-induced neurotoxicity during anti-neoplastic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadha Ibrahim Fouad
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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12
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Wang Z, Zhao M, Gao S. Epileptic Seizures After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Neurol 2021; 12:675756. [PMID: 34335446 PMCID: PMC8322618 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.675756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Technique in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has greatly advanced over the past decades, which has led to an increase in the number of patients receiving transplantation, but the complex procedure places these transplant recipients at high risk of a large spectrum of complications including neurologic involvement. As a common manifestation of neurological disorders, epileptic seizures after transplantation have been of great concern to clinicians because it seriously affects the survival rate and living quality of those recipients. The aim of this review is to elucidate the incidence of seizures after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and to further summarize in detail its etiologies, possible mechanisms, clinical manifestations, therapeutic schedule, and prognosis, hoping to improve doctors' understandings of concurrent seizures following transplantation, so they can prevent, process, and eventually improve the survival and outlook for patients in a timely manner and correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Munan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Wellens S, Dehouck L, Chandrasekaran V, Singh P, Loiola RA, Sevin E, Exner T, Jennings P, Gosselet F, Culot M. Evaluation of a human iPSC-derived BBB model for repeated dose toxicity testing with cyclosporine A as model compound. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105112. [PMID: 33631201 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly restrictive barrier that preserves central nervous system homeostasis and ensures optimal brain functioning. Using BBB cell assays makes it possible to investigate whether a compound is likely to compromise BBBs functionality, thereby probably resulting in neurotoxicity. Recently, several protocols to obtain human brain-like endothelial cells (BLECs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been reported. Within the framework of the European MSCA-ITN in3 project, we explored the possibility to use an iPSC-derived BBB model to assess the effects of repeated dose treatment with chemicals, using Cyclosporine A (CsA) as a model compound. The BLECs were found to exhibit important BBB characteristics up to 15 days after the end of the differentiation and could be used to assess the effects of repeated dose treatment. Although BLECs were still undergoing transcriptional changes over time, a targeted transcriptome analysis (TempO-Seq) indicated a time and concentration dependent activation of ATF4, XBP1, Nrf2 and p53 stress response pathways under CsA treatment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that this iPSC-derived BBB model and iPSC-derived models in general hold great potential to study the effects of repeated dose exposure with chemicals, allowing personalized and patient-specific studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wellens
- University of Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz SP18, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Lucie Dehouck
- University of Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz SP18, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Vidya Chandrasekaran
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pranika Singh
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Azevedo Loiola
- University of Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz SP18, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Emmanuel Sevin
- University of Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz SP18, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Thomas Exner
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- University of Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz SP18, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Maxime Culot
- University of Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz SP18, F-62300 Lens, France.
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14
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Algharably EAEH, Di Consiglio E, Testai E, Kreutz R, Gundert-Remy U. Prediction of the dose range for adverse neurological effects of amiodarone in patients from an in vitro toxicity test by in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1433-1442. [PMID: 33606068 PMCID: PMC8032623 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent inducing adverse effects on the nervous system, among others. We applied physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling combined with benchmark dose modeling to predict, based on published in vitro data, the in vivo dose of amiodarone which may lead to adverse neurological effects in patients. We performed in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) from concentrations measured in the cell lysate of a rat brain 3D cell model using a validated human PBPK model. Among the observed in vitro effects, inhibition of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) was selected as a marker for neurotoxicity. By reverse dosimetry, we transformed the in vitro concentration–effect relationship into in vivo effective human doses, using the calculated in vitro area under the curve (AUC) of amiodarone as the pharmacokinetic metric. The upper benchmark dose (BMDU) was calculated and compared with clinical doses eliciting neurological adverse effects in patients. The AUCs in the in vitro brain cell culture after 14-day repeated dosing of nominal concentration equal to 1.25 and 2.5 µM amiodarone were 1.00 and 1.99 µg*h/mL, respectively. The BMDU was 385.4 mg for intravenous converted to 593 mg for oral application using the bioavailability factor of 0.65 as reported in the literature. The predicted dose compares well with neurotoxic doses in patients supporting the hypothesis that impaired ChAT activity may be related to the molecular/cellular mechanisms of amiodarone neurotoxicity. Our study shows that predicting effects from in vitro data together with IVIVE can be used at the initial stage for the evaluation of potential adverse drug reactions and safety assessment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engi Abd El-Hady Algharably
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Emma Di Consiglio
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Gundert-Remy
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Loser D, Schaefer J, Danker T, Möller C, Brüll M, Suciu I, Ückert AK, Klima S, Leist M, Kraushaar U. Human neuronal signaling and communication assays to assess functional neurotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:229-252. [PMID: 33269408 PMCID: PMC7811517 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of drug toxicity on the human nervous system still relies mainly on animal experiments. Here, we developed an alternative system allowing assessment of complex signaling in both individual human neurons and on the network level. The LUHMES cultures used for our approach can be cultured in 384-well plates with high reproducibility. We established here high-throughput quantification of free intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+]i as broadly applicable surrogate of neuronal activity and verified the main processes by patch clamp recordings. Initially, we characterized the expression pattern of many neuronal signaling components and selected the purinergic receptors to demonstrate the applicability of the [Ca2+]i signals for quantitative characterization of agonist and antagonist responses on classical ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors. This included receptor sub-typing and the characterization of the anti-parasitic drug suramin as modulator of the cellular response to ATP. To exemplify potential studies on ion channels, we characterized voltage-gated sodium channels and their inhibition by tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin and lidocaine, as well as their opening by the plant alkaloid veratridine and the food-relevant marine biotoxin ciguatoxin. Even broader applicability of [Ca2+]i quantification as an end point was demonstrated by measurements of dopamine transporter activity based on the membrane potential-changing activity of this neurotransmitter carrier. The substrates dopamine or amphetamine triggered [Ca2+]i oscillations that were synchronized over the entire culture dish. We identified compounds that modified these oscillations by interfering with various ion channels. Thus, this new test system allows multiple types of neuronal signaling, within and between cells, to be assessed, quantified and characterized for their potential disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Loser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
- NMI TT GmbH, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
- Life Sciences Faculty, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72488, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Schaefer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
- NMI TT GmbH, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Clemens Möller
- Life Sciences Faculty, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72488, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Markus Brüll
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Ilinca Suciu
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Ückert
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Stefanie Klima
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany.
| | - Udo Kraushaar
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
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16
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Nolay F, Sevin E, Létévé M, Bil A, Gosselet F, El Kirat K, Djedaini-Pilard F, Morandat S, Fenart L, Przybylski C, Bonnet V. First step to the improvement of the blood brain barrier passage of atazanavir encapsulated in sustainable bioorganic vesicles. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Wei Z, Zhao J, Niebler J, Hao JJ, Merrick BA, Xia M. Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Mitochondrial Toxicants in a Human Cardiomyocyte Cell Line. Front Genet 2020; 11:719. [PMID: 32733541 PMCID: PMC7358379 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles that participate in important cellular processes, including bioenergetics, metabolism, and signaling. Recent functional and proteomic studies have revealed the remarkable complexity of mitochondrial protein organization. Mitochondrial protein machineries with diverse functions such as protein translocation, respiration, metabolite transport, protein quality control and the control of membrane architecture interact with each other in dynamic networks. The goal of this study was to identify protein expression changes in a human cardiomyocyte cell line treated with several mitochondrial toxicants which inhibit mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial respiration. AC16 human cardiomyocyte cells were treated with carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), dinoterb, picoxystrobin, pinacyanol, and triclocarban for 18 h around the IC50 values generated from MMP assay. The samples were harvested and labeled with tandem mass tags with different mass isotopes. Peptide assignment was performed in Proteome Discoverer. Each dataset was analyzed in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). In the proteomic profile, these compounds showed dysregulation of a group of mitochondrial proteins (e.g., NDUA, NDUB, BCS1, CYB5B, and SDHF2), as well as proteins involved in lipid metabolism (e.g., CPT, MECR, and LPGAT1), cytoskeleton protein changes (e.g., CROCC, LAMC3, FBLN1, and FMN2) and stress response (e.g., IKBKG, IKBB, SYVN1, SOD2, and CPIN1). Proteomic data from the current study provides key insights into chemical induced cellular pathway dysregulation, supporting the use of proteomic profiling as a sensitive method to further explore molecular functions and disease pathogenesis upon exposure to environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi Wei
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jake Niebler
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - B Alex Merrick
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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18
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Weaver RJ, Valentin JP. Today's Challenges to De-Risk and Predict Drug Safety in Human "Mind-the-Gap". Toxicol Sci 2020; 167:307-321. [PMID: 30371856 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current gaps in drug safety sciences can result from the inability (1) to identify hazard across multiple target organs, (2) to predict and risk assess with certainty against drug safety liabilities for the major target organs, (3) to optimally manage and mitigate against drug safety liabilities, and (4) to apply principles of governance on the generation, integration, and use of experimental data. Translational safety assessment to evaluate several target-organ drug toxicities can only be partially achieved by use of current in vitro and in vivo test systems. What remains to be tackled necessitates the deployment of in vitro-human-relevant test systems to address human specific or selective forms of toxicities. Nevertheless, such models may only address in part some of the requirements in today's armament of biomedical tools essential for improving the discovery of drug candidates. Refinement of in silico tools, Target Safety Assessment and a greater understanding of mechanistic insights of toxicities might provide future opportunities to better identify drug safety liabilities. The increasing diversity of drug modalities present further challenges for nonclinical and clinical development requiring further research to develop suitable test systems and technologies. Our ability to optimally manage and mitigate safety risk will come from the greater refinement of safety margin estimates, provision and use of human-relevant safety biomarkers, and understanding of the translation from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies to human. An improvement of governance frameworks and standards at all levels within organizations, national, and international, can only help facilitate drug discovery and development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Pierre Valentin
- Investigative Toxicology, Development Science, UCB Biopharma SPRL, B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
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19
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Kranaster P, Karreman C, Dold JEGA, Krebs A, Funke M, Holzer AK, Klima S, Nyffeler J, Helfrich S, Wittmann V, Leist M. Time and space-resolved quantification of plasma membrane sialylation for measurements of cell function and neurotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2019; 94:449-467. [PMID: 31828357 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While there are many methods to quantify the synthesis, localization, and pool sizes of proteins and DNA during physiological responses and toxicological stress, only few approaches allow following the fate of carbohydrates. One of them is metabolic glycoengineering (MGE), which makes use of chemically modified sugars (CMS) that enter the cellular biosynthesis pathways leading to glycoproteins and glycolipids. The CMS can subsequently be coupled (via bio-orthogonal chemical reactions) to tags that are quantifiable by microscopic imaging. We asked here, whether MGE can be used in a quantitative and time-resolved way to study neuronal glycoprotein synthesis and its impairment. We focused on the detection of sialic acid (Sia), by feeding human neurons the biosynthetic precursor N-acetyl-mannosamine, modified by an azide tag. Using this system, we identified non-toxic conditions that allowed live cell labeling with high spatial and temporal resolution, as well as the quantification of cell surface Sia. Using combinations of immunostaining, chromatography, and western blotting, we quantified the percentage of cellular label incorporation and effects on glycoproteins such as polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule. A specific imaging algorithm was used to quantify Sia incorporation into neuronal projections, as potential measure of complex cell function in toxicological studies. When various toxicants were studied, we identified a subgroup (mitochondrial respiration inhibitors) that affected neurite glycan levels several hours before any other viability parameter was affected. The MGE-based neurotoxicity assay, thus allowed the identification of subtle impairments of neurochemical function with very high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kranaster
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christiaan Karreman
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jeremias E G A Dold
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alice Krebs
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Melina Funke
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Holzer
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Klima
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Kooperatives Promotionskolleg (KPK) InViTe, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johanna Nyffeler
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Helfrich
- The Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,KNIME GmbH, 78467, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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20
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Spinu N, Bal-Price A, Cronin MTD, Enoch SJ, Madden JC, Worth AP. Development and analysis of an adverse outcome pathway network for human neurotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2759-2772. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Recent Topics on The Mechanisms of Immunosuppressive Therapy-Related Neurotoxicities. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133210. [PMID: 31261959 PMCID: PMC6651704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although transplantation procedures have been developed for patients with end-stage hepatic insufficiency or other diseases, allograft rejection still threatens patient health and lifespan. Over the last few decades, the emergence of immunosuppressive agents such as calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have strikingly increased graft survival. Unfortunately, immunosuppressive agent-related neurotoxicity commonly occurs in clinical practice, with the majority of neurotoxicity cases caused by CNIs. The possible mechanisms through which CNIs cause neurotoxicity include increasing the permeability or injury of the blood–brain barrier, alterations of mitochondrial function, and alterations in the electrophysiological state. Other immunosuppressants can also induce neuropsychiatric complications. For example, mTOR inhibitors induce seizures, mycophenolate mofetil induces depression and headaches, methotrexate affects the central nervous system, the mouse monoclonal immunoglobulin G2 antibody (used against the cluster of differentiation 3) also induces headaches, and patients using corticosteroids usually experience cognitive alteration. Therapeutic drug monitoring, individual therapy based on pharmacogenetics, and early recognition of symptoms help reduce neurotoxic events considerably. Once neurotoxicity occurs, a reduction in the drug dosage, switching to other immunosuppressants, combination therapy with drugs used to treat the neuropsychiatric manifestation, or blood purification therapy have proven to be effective against neurotoxicity. In this review, we summarize recent topics on the mechanisms of immunosuppressive drug-related neurotoxicity. In addition, information about the neuroprotective effects of several immunosuppressants is also discussed.
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22
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Mina SG, Alaybeyoglu B, Murphy WL, Thomson JA, Stokes CL, Cirit M. Assessment of Drug-Induced Toxicity Biomarkers in the Brain Microphysiological System (MPS) Using Targeted and Untargeted Molecular Profiling. Front Big Data 2019; 2:23. [PMID: 33693346 PMCID: PMC7931859 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early assessment of adverse drug effects in humans is critical to avoid long-lasting harm. However, current approaches for early detection of adverse effects still lack predictive and organ-specific biomarkers to evaluate undesired responses in humans. Microphysiological systems (MPSs) are in vitro representations of human tissues and provide organ-specific translational insights for physiological processes. In this study, a brain MPS was utilized to assess molecular signatures of neurotoxic and non-neurotoxic compounds using targeted and untargeted molecular approaches. The brain MPS comprising of human embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived neural progenitor cells seeded on three-dimensional (3D), chemically defined, polyethylene glycol hydrogels was treated with the neurotoxic drug, bortezomib and the non-neurotoxic drug, tamoxifen over 14-days. Possible toxic effects were monitored with human N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA) kinetics, which correlates the neuronal function/health and DJ-1/PARK7, an oxidative stress biomarker. Changes in NAA levels were observed as early as 2-days post-bortezomib treatment, while onset detection of oxidative stress (DJ-1) was delayed until 4-days post-treatment. Separately, the untargeted extracellular metabolomics approach revealed distinct fingerprints 2-days post-bortezomib treatment as perturbations in cysteine and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways. These results suggest accumulation of reactive oxygen species associated with oxidative stress, and disruption of membrane structure and integrity. The NAA response was strongly correlated with changes in a subset of the detected metabolites at the same time point 2-days post-treatment. Moreover, these metabolite changes correlated strongly with DJ-1 levels measured at the later time point (4-days post-treatment). This suggests that early cellular metabolic dysfunction leads to later DJ-1 leakage and cell death, and that early measurement of this subset of metabolites could predict the later occurrence of cell death. While the approach demonstrated here provides an individual case study for proof of concept, we suggest that this approach can be extended for preclinical toxicity screening and biomarker discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G. Mina
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Begum Alaybeyoglu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - James A. Thomson
- Regenerative Biology, The Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Murat Cirit
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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23
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Delp J, Funke M, Rudolf F, Cediel A, Bennekou SH, van der Stel W, Carta G, Jennings P, Toma C, Gardner I, van de Water B, Forsby A, Leist M. Development of a neurotoxicity assay that is tuned to detect mitochondrial toxicants. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1585-1608. [PMID: 31190196 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many neurotoxicants affect energy metabolism in man, but currently available test methods may still fail to predict mito- and neurotoxicity. We addressed this issue using LUHMES cells, i.e., human neuronal precursors that easily differentiate into mature neurons. Within the NeuriTox assay, they have been used to screen for neurotoxicants. Our new approach is based on culturing the cells in either glucose or galactose (Glc-Gal-NeuriTox) as the main carbohydrate source during toxicity testing. Using this Glc-Gal-NeuriTox assay, 52 mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial toxicants were tested. The panel of chemicals comprised 11 inhibitors of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (cI), 4 inhibitors of cII, 8 of cIII, and 2 of cIV; 8 toxicants were included as they are assumed to be mitochondrial uncouplers. In galactose, cells became more dependent on mitochondrial function, which made them 2-3 orders of magnitude more sensitive to various mitotoxicants. Moreover, galactose enhanced the specific neurotoxicity (destruction of neurites) compared to a general cytotoxicity (plasma membrane lysis) of the toxicants. The Glc-Gal-NeuriTox assay worked particularly well for inhibitors of cI and cIII, while the toxicity of uncouplers and non-mitochondrial toxicants did not differ significantly upon glucose ↔ galactose exchange. As a secondary assay, we developed a method to quantify the inhibition of all mitochondrial respiratory chain functions/complexes in LUHMES cells. The combination of the Glc-Gal-NeuriTox neurotoxicity screening assay with the mechanistic follow up of target site identification allowed both, a more sensitive detection of neurotoxicants and a sharper definition of the mode of action of mitochondrial toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Delp
- Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
- Cooperative Doctorate College InViTe, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Melina Funke
- Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Franziska Rudolf
- Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Andrea Cediel
- Swetox Unit for Toxicological Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Wanda van der Stel
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Giada Carta
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cosimo Toma
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via la Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Forsby
- Swetox Unit for Toxicological Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcel Leist
- Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany.
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24
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Schvartz D, González-Ruiz V, Walter N, Antinori P, Jeanneret F, Tonoli D, Boccard J, Zurich MG, Rudaz S, Monnet-Tschudi F, Sandström J, Sanchez JC. Protein pathway analysis to study development-dependent effects of acute and repeated trimethyltin (TMT) treatments in 3D rat brain cell cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:281-292. [PMID: 31176792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyltin is an organometallic compound, described to be neurotoxic and to trigger neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Previous studies associated TMT with the perturbation of mitochondrial function, or neurotransmission. However, the mechanisms of toxicity may differ depending on the duration of exposure and on the stage of maturation of brain cells. This study aim at elucidating whether the toxicity pathways triggered by a known neurotoxicant (TMT) differs depending on cell maturation stage or duration of exposure. To this end omics profiling of immature and differentiated 3D rat brain cell cultures exposed for 24 h or 10 days (10-d) to 0.5 and 1 μM of TMT was performed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of TMT associated toxicity. Proteomics identified 55 and 17 proteins affected by acute TMT treatment in immature and differentiated cultures respectively, while 10-day treatment altered 96 proteins in immature cultures versus 353 in differentiated. The results suggest different sensitivity to TMT depending on treatment duration and cell maturation. In accordance with known TMT mechanisms oxidative stress and neuroinflammation was observed after 10-d treatment at both maturation stages, whereas the neuroinflammatory process was more prominent in differentiated cultures than in the immature, no development-dependent difference could be detected for oxidative stress or synaptic neurodegeneration. Pathway analysis revealed that both vesicular trafficking and the synaptic machinery were strongly affected by 10-d TMT treatment in both maturation stages, as was GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. This study shows that omics approaches combined with pathway analysis constitutes an improved tool-set in elucidating toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitille Schvartz
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Walter
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Paola Antinori
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Neuroproteomics group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Jeanneret
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Tonoli
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florianne Monnet-Tschudi
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Sandström
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland.
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25
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Piotrowski M, Jantas D, Leśkiewicz M, Szczepanowicz K, Warszyński P, Lasoń W. Polyelectrolyte-coated nanocapsules containing cyclosporine A protect neuronal-like cells against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Bal-Price A, Pistollato F, Sachana M, Bopp SK, Munn S, Worth A. Strategies to improve the regulatory assessment of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) using in vitro methods. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 354:7-18. [PMID: 29476865 PMCID: PMC6095942 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the identification of chemicals that have the potential to induce developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) is based on animal testing. Since at the regulatory level, systematic testing of DNT is not a standard requirement within the EU or USA chemical legislation safety assessment, DNT testing is only performed in higher tiered testing triggered based on chemical structure activity relationships or evidence of neurotoxicity in systemic acute or repeated dose toxicity studies. However, these triggers are rarely used and, in addition, do not always serve as reliable indicators of DNT, as they are generally based on observations in adult rodents. Therefore, there is a pressing need for developing alternative methodologies that can reliably support identification of DNT triggers, and more rapidly and cost-effectively support the identification and characterization of chemicals with DNT potential. We propose to incorporate mechanistic knowledge and data derived from in vitro studies to support various regulatory applications including: (a) the identification of potential DNT triggers, (b) initial chemical screening and prioritization, (c) hazard identification and characterization, (d) chemical biological grouping, and (e) assessment of exposure to chemical mixtures. Ideally, currently available cellular neuronal/glial models derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) should be used as they allow evaluation of chemical impacts on key neurodevelopmental processes, by reproducing different windows of exposure during human brain development. A battery of DNT in vitro test methods derived from hiPSCs could generate valuable mechanistic data, speeding up the evaluation of thousands of compounds present in industrial, agricultural and consumer products that lack safety data on DNT potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
| | | | - Magdalini Sachana
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2 rue André Pascal, 75775 Paris, Cedex 16, France
| | | | - Sharon Munn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrew Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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27
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Sun L, Chen Y, Hou C, Sun X, Wang Z, Li S, Lv M, Chen X. Neuroprotective effect of total glycosides from paeonies against neurotoxicity induced by strychnos alkaloids related to recovering the levels of neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones in rat serum and brain. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29210-29219. [PMID: 35548016 PMCID: PMC9084482 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05384g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Semen Strychni, a classical traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used for its anti-tumor, analgesic and anti-inflammatory angiogenesis effects. However, taking an overdose of Semen Strychni might result in extreme neurotoxicity. Strychnos alkaloids are the main toxic constituents of Semen Strychni. Total glycosides from paeonies are considered to have neuroprotective effects. In this study, twelve potential endogenous biomarkers in rat serum and brain were monitored to investigate the protective effect of total glycosides from the paeony against strychnos alkaloids-induced neurotoxicity. A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to monitor eight neurotransmitters including glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, acetylcholine serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, tryptophan and tyrosine. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was selected for determination of four neuroendocrine hormones including thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, corticotrophin-releasing hormone, antidiuretic hormone and prolactin. Results showed that continuous administration of strychnos alkaloids for 15 days caused significant changed levels of the biomarkers (especially the four neuroendocrine hormones). Meanwhile, total glycosides from paeony pretreated rats (administrated with total glycosides from the paeony for 15 days before exposure to strychnos alkaloids) showed recovered levels of these biomarkers. The results suggested that the neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones in serum and brain might play potential roles as biomarkers. This study provides the possibility of alleviating the Semen Strychni-induced neurotoxicity in clinic by pre-protection with total glycosides from paeonies. Eight neurotransmitters and four neuroendocrine hormones in rat serum and brain were quantified to investigate the neuroprotective effect of total glycosides from paeony against neurotoxicity induced by strychnos alkaloids.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjia Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road in Shenhe District Shenyang China 110016 +8602423986259
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road in Shenhe District Shenyang China 110016 +8602423986259
| | - Chenzhi Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road in Shenhe District Shenyang China 110016 +8602423986259
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road in Shenhe District Shenyang China 110016 +8602423986259
| | - Shujuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road in Shenhe District Shenyang China 110016 +8602423986259
| | - Mingming Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road in Shenhe District Shenyang China 110016 +8602423986259
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road in Shenhe District Shenyang China 110016 +8602423986259
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28
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Diserens G, Vermathen M, Zurich MG, Vermathen P. Longitudinal investigation of the metabolome of 3D aggregating brain cell cultures at different maturation stages by 1H HR-MAS NMR. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6733-6749. [PMID: 30094790 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish the developmental profile of metabolic changes of 3D aggregating brain cell cultures by 1H high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The histotypic 3D brain aggregate, containing all brain cell types, is an excellent model for mechanistic studies including OMICS analysis; however, their metabolic profile has not been yet fully investigated. Chemometric analysis revealed a clear separation of samples from the different maturation time points. Metabolite concentration evolutions could be followed and revealed strong and various metabolic alterations. The strong metabolite evolution emphasizes the brain modeling complexity during maturation, possibly reflecting physiological processes of brain tissue development. The small observed intra- and inter-experimental variabilities show the robustness of the combination of 1H-HR-MAS NMR and 3D brain aggregates, making it useful to investigate mechanisms of toxicity that will ultimately contribute to improve predictive neurotoxicology. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Diserens
- Departments of BioMedical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Erlachstrasse 9a, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Vermathen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vermathen
- Departments of BioMedical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Erlachstrasse 9a, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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29
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Bader BM, Jügelt K, Schultz L, Schroeder OHU. Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) Leaf Extract Medications From Different Providers Exhibit Differential Functional Effects on Mouse Frontal Cortex Neuronal Networks. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:848. [PMID: 30123130 PMCID: PMC6085676 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Details of the extraction and purification procedure can have a profound impact on the composition of plant-derived extracts, and thus on their efficacy and safety. So far, studies with head-to-head comparison of the pharmacology of Ginkgo extracts rendered by different procedures have been rare. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore whether Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) leaf extract medications of various sources protect against amyloid beta toxicity on primary mouse cortex neurons growing on microelectrode arrays, and whether the effects differ between different Ginkgo extracts. Design: Our brain-on-chip platform integrates microelectrode array data recorded on neuronal tissue cultures from embryonic mouse cortex. Amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) and various Ginkgo extract preparations were added to the networks in vitro before evaluation of electrophysiological parameters by multi-parametric analysis. A Multi-variate data analysis, called Effect Score, was designed to compare effects between different products. Results: The results show that Ginkgo extracts protected against Aβ42-induced electrophysiological alterations. Different Ginkgo extracts exhibited different effects. Of note, the reference Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) leaf medication Tebonin had the most pronounced rescuing effect. Conclusion: Here, we show for the first time a side-by-side analysis of a large number of Ginkgo medications in a relevant in vitro system modeling early functional effects induced by amyloid beta peptides on neuronal transmission and connectivity. Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) leaf extract from different manufactures exhibit differential functional effects in this neural network model. This in-depth analysis of functional phenotypes of neurons cultured on MEAs chips allows identifying optimal plant extract formulations protecting against toxin-induced functional effects in vitro.
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30
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Yamanaka K, Inoue S, Naito Y, Kawaguchi M. Amiodarone does not affect brain injury in a rat model of transient forebrain ischemia. Med Intensiva 2018; 43:457-463. [PMID: 30029951 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although amiodarone may cause neurotoxicity that can affect patient outcomes when used during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it has been commonly prescribed during CPR. This study investigated the possible neurotoxic effects of amiodarone in a rat model of transient forebrain ischemia. DESIGN A prospective laboratory animal study was carried out. SETTING Animal laboratory. MATERIALS Male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTION Eight minutes of forebrain ischemia was induced in rats by bilateral carotid occlusion and hypotension (mean arterial pressure=35mmHg) under isoflurane (1.5%) anesthesia. Amiodarone (0, 50, 100 and 150mg/kg) with saline was injected intraperitoneally 10min after ischemia. Rats given 0mg/kg of amiodarone were used as saline-treated controls. Sham operated rats received no treatment. VARIABLES OF INTEREST Animals were evaluated neurologically on postoperative days 4-7, and histologically after a one-week recovery period. RESULTS The greatest improvement in water maze test performance corresponded to the sham operated group (p=0.015 vs. saline-treated controls). No differences in performance were seen in amiodarone-treated rats compared with saline-treated controls. In the control group, 45% of the CA1 hippocampal neurons survived, compared with 78% in the sham operated group (p=0.009). Neuron survival after ischemia in the amiodarone treatment groups (50, 100 and 150mg/kg) (58%, 40% and 36%, respectively) and in the control rats did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS The administration of amiodarone immediately after transient forebrain ischemia did not worsen spatial cognitive function or neuronal survival in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats. The current results must be applied with caution in humans. However, they indicate that the potential neurotoxicity induced by amiodarone during resuscitation after cardiac arrest may be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Division of Intensive Care, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - S Inoue
- Department of Anesthesiology and Division of Intensive Care, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Y Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology and Division of Intensive Care, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - M Kawaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Division of Intensive Care, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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31
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Innovative in cellulo method as an alternative to in vivo neurovirulence test for the characterization and quality control of human live Yellow Fever virus vaccines: A pilot study. Biologicals 2018; 53:19-29. [PMID: 29580693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines have proved to be mostly valuable in the prevention of infectious diseases in humans, especially in developing countries. The safety and potency of vaccine, and the consistency of vaccine batch-to-batch manufacturing, must be proven before being administrated to humans. For now, the tests used to control vaccine safety largely involve animal testing. For live viral vaccines, regulations require suppliers to demonstrate the absence of neurovirulence in animals, principally in non-human primates and mice. In a search to reduce the use of animals and embracing the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement in the use of laboratory animals), we developed a new Blood-Brain Barrier Minibrain (BBB-Minibrain) in cellulo device to evaluate the neuroinvasiveness/neurovirulence of live Yellow Fever virus (YFV) vaccines. A pilot study was performed using the features of two distinct YFV strains, with the ultimate goal of proposing a companion test to characterize YFV neurovirulence. Here, we demonstrate that the BBB-Minibrain model is a promising alternative to consider for future replacement of YFV vaccine in vivo neurovirulence testing (see graphical abstract).
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Myhre O, Låg M, Villanger GD, Oftedal B, Øvrevik J, Holme JA, Aase H, Paulsen RE, Bal-Price A, Dirven H. Early life exposure to air pollution particulate matter (PM) as risk factor for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Need for novel strategies for mechanisms and causalities. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 354:196-214. [PMID: 29550511 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that air pollution particulate matter (PM) and adsorbed toxicants (organic compounds and trace metals) may affect child development already in utero. Recent studies have also indicated that PM may be a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). A pattern of increasing prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been suggested to partly be linked to environmental pollutants exposure, including PM. Epidemiological studies suggest associations between pre- or postnatal exposure to air pollution components and ADHD symptoms. However, many studies are cross-sectional without possibility to reveal causality. Cohort studies are often small with poor exposure characterization, and confounded by traffic noise and socioeconomic factors, possibly overestimating the study associations. Furthermore, the mechanistic knowledge how exposure to PM during early brain development may contribute to increased risk of ADHD symptoms or cognitive deficits is limited. The closure of this knowledge gap requires the combined use of well-designed longitudinal cohort studies, supported by mechanistic in vitro studies. As ADHD has profound consequences for the children affected and their families, the identification of preventable risk factors such as air pollution exposure should be of high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddvar Myhre
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro D Villanger
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Oftedal
- Department of Air pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E Paulsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Hessel EVS, Staal YCM, Piersma AH. Design and validation of an ontology-driven animal-free testing strategy for developmental neurotoxicity testing. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 354:136-152. [PMID: 29544899 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Developmental neurotoxicity entails one of the most complex areas in toxicology. Animal studies provide only limited information as to human relevance. A multitude of alternative models have been developed over the years, providing insights into mechanisms of action. We give an overview of fundamental processes in neural tube formation, brain development and neural specification, aiming at illustrating complexity rather than comprehensiveness. We also give a flavor of the wealth of alternative methods in this area. Given the impressive progress in mechanistic knowledge of human biology and toxicology, the time is right for a conceptual approach for designing testing strategies that cover the integral mechanistic landscape of developmental neurotoxicity. The ontology approach provides a framework for defining this landscape, upon which an integral in silico model for predicting toxicity can be built. It subsequently directs the selection of in vitro assays for rate-limiting events in the biological network, to feed parameter tuning in the model, leading to prediction of the toxicological outcome. Validation of such models requires primary attention to coverage of the biological domain, rather than classical predictive value of individual tests. Proofs of concept for such an approach are already available. The challenge is in mining modern biology, toxicology and chemical information to feed intelligent designs, which will define testing strategies for neurodevelopmental toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V S Hessel
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvonne C M Staal
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bal-Price A, Hogberg HT, Crofton KM, Daneshian M, FitzGerald RE, Fritsche E, Heinonen T, Hougaard Bennekou S, Klima S, Piersma AH, Sachana M, Shafer TJ, Terron A, Monnet-Tschudi F, Viviani B, Waldmann T, Westerink RHS, Wilks MF, Witters H, Zurich MG, Leist M. Recommendation on test readiness criteria for new approach methods in toxicology: Exemplified for developmental neurotoxicity. ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2018; 35:306-352. [PMID: 29485663 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1712081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple non-animal-based test methods have never been formally validated. In order to use such new approach methods (NAMs) in a regulatory context, criteria to define their readiness are necessary. The field of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing is used to exemplify the application of readiness criteria. The costs and number of untested chemicals are overwhelming for in vivo DNT testing. Thus, there is a need for inexpensive, high-throughput NAMs, to obtain initial information on potential hazards, and to allow prioritization for further testing. A background on the regulatory and scientific status of DNT testing is provided showing different types of test readiness levels, depending on the intended use of data from NAMs. Readiness criteria, compiled during a stakeholder workshop, uniting scientists from academia, industry and regulatory authorities are presented. An important step beyond the listing of criteria, was the suggestion for a preliminary scoring scheme. On this basis a (semi)-quantitative analysis process was assembled on test readiness of 17 NAMs with respect to various uses (e.g. prioritization/screening, risk assessment). The scoring results suggest that several assays are currently at high readiness levels. Therefore, suggestions are made on how DNT NAMs may be assembled into an integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA). In parallel, the testing state in these assays was compiled for more than 1000 compounds. Finally, a vision is presented on how further NAM development may be guided by knowledge of signaling pathways necessary for brain development, DNT pathophysiology, and relevant adverse outcome pathways (AOP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (EC JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Helena T Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M Crofton
- National Centre for Computational Toxicology, US EPA, RTP, Washington, NC, USA
| | - Mardas Daneshian
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rex E FitzGerald
- Swiss Centre for Human Applied Toxicology, SCAHT, University of Basle, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine & Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tuula Heinonen
- Finnish Centre for Alternative Methods (FICAM), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Stefanie Klima
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, and Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalini Sachana
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- National Centre for Computational Toxicology, US EPA, RTP, Washington, NC, USA
| | | | - Florianne Monnet-Tschudi
- Swiss Centre for Human Applied Toxicology, SCAHT, University of Basle, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Viviani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Tanja Waldmann
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin F Wilks
- Swiss Centre for Human Applied Toxicology, SCAHT, University of Basle, Switzerland
| | - Hilda Witters
- VITO, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Mol, Belgium
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Swiss Centre for Human Applied Toxicology, SCAHT, University of Basle, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Leist
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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35
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In vitro assessment of chemotherapy-induced neuronal toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:109-123. [PMID: 29427706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity is a major concern during drug development, and together with liver and cardio-toxicity, it is one of the main causes of clinical drug attrition. Current pre-clinical models may not sufficiently identify and predict the risk for central or peripheral nervous system toxicity. One such example is clinically dose-limiting neuropathic effects after the administration of chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, the need to establish novel in vitro tools to evaluate the risk of neurotoxicities, such as neuropathy, remains unmet in drug discovery. Though in vitro studies have been conducted using primary and immortalized cell lines, some limitations include the utility for higher throughput methodologies, method reproducibility, and species extrapolation. As a novel alternative, human induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons appear promising for testing new drug candidates. These iPSC-derived neurons are readily available and can be manipulated as required. Here, we describe a novel approach to assess neurotoxicity caused by different classes of chemotherapeutics using kinetic monitoring of neurite dynamic changes and apoptosis in human iPSC-neurons. These studies show promising changes in neurite dynamics in response to clinical inducers of neuropathy, as well as the ability to rank-order and gather mechanistic insight into class-specific compound induced neurotoxicity. This platform can be utilized in early drug development, as part of a weight of evidence approach, to screen drug candidates, and potentially reduce clinical attrition due to neurotoxicity.
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36
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Leist M. New animal-free concepts and test methods for developmental toxicity and peripheral neurotoxicity. Altern Lab Anim 2017; 45:253-260. [PMID: 29112453 DOI: 10.1177/026119291704500505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complex toxicological fields of repeat dose organ toxicity (RDT) and developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) still require new concepts and approaches to achieve a fully animal-free safety assessment of chemicals. One novel approach is the generation of relevant human cell types from pluripotent stem cells, and the use of such cells for the establishment of phenotypic test methods. Due to their broad endpoints, such tests capture multiple types of toxicants, i.e. they are a readout for the activation of many adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). The 2016 Lush Science Prize was awarded for the development of one such assay, the PeriTox test, which uses human peripheral neurons generated from stem cells. The assay endpoints measure various cell functions, and these give information on the potential neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity hazard of test compounds. The PeriTox test method has a high predictivity and sensitivity for peripheral neurotoxicants, and thus addresses the inherent challenges in pesticide testing and drug development. Data from the test can be obtained quickly and at a relatively high-throughput, and thus, the assay has the potential to replace animal-based safety assessment during early product development or for screening potential environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Konstanz, Germany; Co-operative Research Training Group on In Vitro Testing of Active Ingredients, Konstanz-Sigmaringen, Germany
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37
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Chiu KH, Dong CD, Chen CF, Tsai ML, Ju YR, Chen TM, Chen CW. NMR-based metabolomics for the environmental assessment of Kaohsiung Harbor sediments exemplified by a marine amphipod (Hyalella azteca). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:714-724. [PMID: 28267993 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflow of wastewater from upstream causes a large flux of pollutants to enter Kaohsiung Harbor in Taiwan daily. To reveal the ecological risk posed by Kaohsiung Harbor sediments, an ecological metabolomic approach was employed to investigate environmental factors pertinent to the physiological regulation of the marine amphipod Hyalella azteca. The amphipods were exposed to sediments collected from different stream inlets of the Love River (LR), Canon River (CR), Jen-Gen River (JR), and Salt River (SR). Harbor entrance 1 (E1) was selected as a reference site. After 10-day exposure, metabolomic analysis of the Hyalella azteca revealed differences between two groups: {E1, LR, CR} and {JR, SR}. The metabolic pathways identified in the two groups of amphipods were significantly different. The results demonstrated that NMR-based metabolomics can be effectively used to characterize metabolic response related to sediment from polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chiu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C D Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C F Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - M L Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y R Ju
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - T M Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C W Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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38
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Combination of multiple neural crest migration assays to identify environmental toxicants from a proof-of-concept chemical library. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3613-3632. [PMID: 28477266 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many in vitro tests have been developed to screen for potential neurotoxicity. However, only few cell function-based tests have been used for comparative screening, and thus experience is scarce on how to confirm and evaluate screening hits. We addressed these questions for the neural crest cell migration test (cMINC). After an initial screen, a hit follow-up strategy was devised. A library of 75 compounds plus internal controls (NTP80-list), assembled by the National Toxicology Program of the USA (NTP) was used. It contained some known classes of (developmental) neurotoxic compounds. The primary screen yielded 23 confirmed hits, which comprised ten flame retardants, seven pesticides and six drug-like compounds. Comparison of concentration-response curves for migration and viability showed that all hits were specific. The extent to which migration was inhibited was 25-90%, and two organochlorine pesticides (DDT, heptachlor) were most efficient. In the second part of this study, (1) the cMINC assay was repeated under conditions that prevent proliferation; (2) a transwell migration assay was used as a different type of migration assay; (3) cells were traced to assess cell speed. Some toxicants had largely varying effects between assays, but each hit was confirmed in at least one additional test. This comparative study allows an estimate on how confidently the primary hits from a cell function-based screen can be considered as toxicants disturbing a key neurodevelopmental process. Testing of the NTP80-list in more assays will be highly interesting to assemble a test battery and to build prediction models for developmental toxicity.
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39
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Dingemans MM, Schütte MG, Wiersma DM, de Groot A, van Kleef RG, Wijnolts FM, Westerink RH. Chronic 14-day exposure to insecticides or methylmercury modulates neuronal activity in primary rat cortical cultures. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Hamilton KS, Gopal KV, Moore EJ, Gross GW. Pharmacological response sensitization in nerve cell networks exposed to the antibiotic gentamicin. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 794:92-99. [PMID: 27864104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in clinical, organismic, and agricultural applications to combat gram-negative, aerobic bacteria. The clinical use of gentamicin is widely linked to various toxicities, but there is a void in our knowledge about the neuromodulatory or neurotoxicity effects of gentamicin. This investigation explored the electrophysiologic effects of gentamicin on GABAergic pharmacological profiles in spontaneously active neuronal networks in vitro derived from auditory cortices of E16 mouse embryos and grown on microelectrode arrays. Using the GABAA agonist muscimol as the test substance, responses from networks to dose titrations of muscimol were compared in the presence and absence of 100µM gentamicin (the recommended concentration for cell culture conditions). Spike-rate based EC50 values were generated using sigmoidal fit concentration response curves (CRCs). Exposure to 100µM gentamicin exhibited a muscimol EC50±S.E.M. of 80±6nM (n=10). The EC50 value obtained in the absence of gentamicin was 124±11nM (n=10). The 35% increase in potency suggests network sensitization to muscimol in the presence of gentamicin. Action potential (AP) waveform analyses of neurons exposed to gentamicin demonstrated a concentration-dependent decrease in AP amplitudes (extracellular recordings), possibly reflecting gentamicin effects on voltage-gated ion channels. These in vitro results reveal alteration of pharmacological responses by antibiotics that could have significant influence on the behavior and performance of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Hamilton
- Department of Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Center for Network Neuroscience, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
| | - Kamakshi V Gopal
- Department of Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Center for Network Neuroscience, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
| | - Ernest J Moore
- Department of Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Center for Network Neuroscience, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
| | - Guenter W Gross
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Center for Network Neuroscience, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
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41
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Suman S, Mishra S, Shukla Y. Toxicoproteomics in human health and disease: an update. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:1073-1089. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1252676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Suman
- Proteomics and Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Proteomics and Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Lucknow, India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics and Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Lucknow, India
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42
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Pfaller W, Prieto P, Dekant W, Jennings P, Blaauboer BJ. The Predict-IV project: Towards predictive toxicology using in vitro techniques. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 30:1-3. [PMID: 26653009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Pfaller
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Division of Physiology, Renal Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregl-Strasse 3/1, Austria
| | - Pilar Prieto
- The European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Dekant
- Department of Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Jennings
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Division of Physiology, Renal Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregl-Strasse 3/1, Austria
| | - Bas J Blaauboer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Toxicology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Schmidt BZ, Lehmann M, Gutbier S, Nembo E, Noel S, Smirnova L, Forsby A, Hescheler J, Avci HX, Hartung T, Leist M, Kobolák J, Dinnyés A. In vitro acute and developmental neurotoxicity screening: an overview of cellular platforms and high-throughput technical possibilities. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1-33. [PMID: 27492622 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity are important issues of chemical hazard assessment. Since the interpretation of animal data and their extrapolation to man is challenging, and the amount of substances with information gaps exceeds present animal testing capacities, there is a big demand for in vitro tests to provide initial information and to prioritize for further evaluation. During the last decade, many in vitro tests emerged. These are based on animal cells, human tumour cell lines, primary cells, immortalized cell lines, embryonic stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells. They differ in their read-outs and range from simple viability assays to complex functional endpoints such as neural crest cell migration. Monitoring of toxicological effects on differentiation often requires multiomics approaches, while the acute disturbance of neuronal functions may be analysed by assessing electrophysiological features. Extrapolation from in vitro data to humans requires a deep understanding of the test system biology, of the endpoints used, and of the applicability domains of the tests. Moreover, it is important that these be combined in the right way to assess toxicity. Therefore, knowledge on the advantages and disadvantages of all cellular platforms, endpoints, and analytical methods is essential when establishing in vitro test systems for different aspects of neurotoxicity. The elements of a test, and their evaluation, are discussed here in the context of comprehensive prediction of potential hazardous effects of a compound. We summarize the main cellular characteristics underlying neurotoxicity, present an overview of cellular platforms and read-out combinations assessing distinct parts of acute and developmental neurotoxicology, and highlight especially the use of stem cell-based test systems to close gaps in the available battery of tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Z Schmidt
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Lehmann
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Gutbier
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Erastus Nembo
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabrina Noel
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Forsby
- Swedish Toxicology Research Center (Swetox), Södertälje, Sweden.,Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hasan X Avci
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcel Leist
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | | | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary. .,Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent István University, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
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Metabolomics: Bridging the Gap between Pharmaceutical Development and Population Health. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6030020. [PMID: 27399792 PMCID: PMC5041119 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has emerged as an essential tool for studying metabolic processes, stratification of patients, as well as illuminating the fundamental metabolic alterations in disease onset, progression, or response to therapeutic intervention. Metabolomics materialized within the pharmaceutical industry as a standalone assay in toxicology and disease pathology and eventually evolved towards aiding in drug discovery and pre-clinical studies via supporting pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterization of a drug or a candidate. Recent progress in the field is illustrated by coining of the new term—Pharmacometabolomics. Integration of data from metabolomics with large-scale omics along with clinical, molecular, environmental and behavioral analysis has demonstrated the enhanced utility of deconstructing the complexity of health, disease, and pharmaceutical intervention(s), which further highlight it as an essential component of systems medicine. This review presents the current state and trend of metabolomics applications in pharmaceutical development, and highlights the importance and potential of clinical metabolomics as an essential part of multi-omics protocols that are directed towards shaping precision medicine and population health.
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Vassallo A, Chiappalone M, De Camargos Lopes R, Scelfo B, Novellino A, Defranchi E, Palosaari T, Weisschu T, Ramirez T, Martinoia S, Johnstone AFM, Mack CM, Landsiedel R, Whelan M, Bal-Price A, Shafer TJ. A multi-laboratory evaluation of microelectrode array-based measurements of neural network activity for acute neurotoxicity testing. Neurotoxicology 2016; 60:280-292. [PMID: 27036093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for methods to screen and prioritize chemicals for potential hazard, including neurotoxicity. Microelectrode array (MEA) systems enable simultaneous extracellular recordings from multiple sites in neural networks in real time and thereby provide a robust measure of network activity. In this study, spontaneous activity measurements from primary neuronal cultures treated with three neurotoxic or three non-neurotoxic compounds was evaluated across four different laboratories. All four individual laboratories correctly identifed the neurotoxic compounds chlorpyrifos oxon (an organophosphate insecticide), deltamethrin (a pyrethroid insecticide) and domoic acid (an excitotoxicant). By contrast, the other three compounds (glyphosate, dimethyl phthalate and acetaminophen) considered to be non-neurotoxic ("negative controls"), produced only sporadic changes of the measured parameters. The results were consistent across the different laboratories, as all three neurotoxic compounds caused concentration-dependent inhibition of mean firing rate (MFR). Further, MFR appeared to be the most sensitive parameter for effects of neurotoxic compounds, as changes in electrical activity measured by mean frequency intra burst (MFIB), and mean burst duration (MBD) did not result in concentration-response relationships for some of the positive compounds, or required higher concentrations for an effect to be observed. However, greater numbers of compounds need to be tested to confirm this. The results obtained indicate that measurement of spontaneous electrical activity using MEAs provides a robust assessment of compound effects on neural network function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vassallo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; Department of Infomatics Bioengineering, Robotics, SystemEngeneering, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Chiappalone
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Ricardo De Camargos Lopes
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; Department of Clinical Engineering, University Hospital of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-Predio 22, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, CEP: 97105-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Scelfo
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Antonio Novellino
- Alternative Toxicity Service Unit-ETT SpA, via Sestri 37, 16154 Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Defranchi
- Alternative Toxicity Service Unit-ETT SpA, via Sestri 37, 16154 Genova, Italy
| | - Taina Palosaari
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Timo Weisschu
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Carl Bosch-Strasse, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Tzutzuy Ramirez
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Carl Bosch-Strasse, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Sergio Martinoia
- Department of Infomatics Bioengineering, Robotics, SystemEngeneering, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrew F M Johnstone
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Cina M Mack
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Carl Bosch-Strasse, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Maurice Whelan
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Karamanos Y, Pottiez G. Proteomics and the blood-brain barrier: how recent findings help drug development. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:251-8. [PMID: 26778576 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1143780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The drug discovery and development processes are divided into different stages separated by milestones to indicate that significant progress has been made and that certain criteria for target validation, hits, leads and candidate drugs have been met. Proteomics is a promising approach for the identification of protein targets and biochemical pathways involved in disease process and thus plays an important role in several stages of the drug development. The blood-brain barrier is considered as a major bottleneck when trying to target new compounds to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the survey of recent findings and with a projection on expected improvements, this report attempt to address how proteomics participates in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Karamanos
- a Laboratoire de la Barrière Hématoencéphalique (LBHE) , Univesrité d'Artois EA2465 , Lens , France
| | - Gwënaël Pottiez
- a Laboratoire de la Barrière Hématoencéphalique (LBHE) , Univesrité d'Artois EA2465 , Lens , France
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Limonciel A, Moenks K, Stanzel S, Truisi GL, Parmentier C, Aschauer L, Wilmes A, Richert L, Hewitt P, Mueller SO, Lukas A, Kopp-Schneider A, Leonard MO, Jennings P. Transcriptomics hit the target: Monitoring of ligand-activated and stress response pathways for chemical testing. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:7-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pomponio G, Zurich MG, Schultz L, Weiss DG, Romanelli L, Gramowski-Voss A, Di Consiglio E, Testai E. Amiodarone biokinetics, the formation of its major oxidative metabolite and neurotoxicity after acute and repeated exposure of brain cell cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:192-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Bellwon P, Culot M, Wilmes A, Schmidt T, Zurich M, Schultz L, Schmal O, Gramowski-Voss A, Weiss D, Jennings P, Bal-Price A, Testai E, Dekant W. Cyclosporine A kinetics in brain cell cultures and its potential of crossing the blood–brain barrier. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:166-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Biokinetics in repeated-dosing in vitro drug toxicity studies. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:217-24. [PMID: 26362508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the EU FP7 Predict-IV project was to improve the predictivity of in vitro assays for unwanted effects of drugs after repeated dosing. The project assessed the added benefit of integrating long-lived in vitro organotypic cell systems with 'omics' technologies and in silico modelling, including systems biology and pharmacokinetic assessments. RPTEC/TERT1 kidney cells, primary rat and human hepatocytes, HepaRG liver cells and 2D and 3D primary brain cultures were dosed daily or every other day for 14 days to a selection of drugs varying in their mechanism of pharmacological action. Since concentration-effect relationships not only depend on the activity of the drug or the sensitivity of the target, but also on the distribution of compounds in the in vitro system, the concentration of a selection of drugs in cells, microtitre plate plastic and medium was measured over time. Results, reviewed in this paper, indicate that lipophilic drugs bind significantly to plastic labware. A few drugs, including less lipophilic drugs, bind to cell-attachment matrices. Chemicals that reach high concentrations in cells, including cyclosporin A and amiodarone, significantly accumulate over time after repeated dosing, partly explaining their increased toxicity after repeated dosing, compared to a single dose.
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