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Awad MM, Chailapakul P, Brown MA, Kato TA. Mechanisms of piperonyl butoxide cytotoxicity and its enhancement with imidacloprid and metals in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mutat Res 2024; 828:111853. [PMID: 38401335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2024.111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of chemicals and the presence of chemical and metal residues in various foods, beverages, and other consumables have raised concerns about the potential for enhanced toxicity. This study assessed the cytotoxic effects of Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and its enhancement by combination with major contamination chemicals including Imidacloprid and metals, using different cytotoxic and genotoxic assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. PBO exhibited elevated cytotoxic effects in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) deficient CHO mutants but not in Glutathione S-transferase deficient CHO mutants. PBO cytotoxicity was enhanced by PARP inhibitor, Olaparib. PBO cytotoxicity was also enhanced with co-exposure to Imidacloprid, Lead Chloride, or Sodium Selenite. PBO induces γH2AX foci formation and apoptosis. The induction of DNA damage markers was elevated with PARP deficiency and co-exposure to Imidacloprid, Lead Chloride, or Sodium Selenite. Moreover, PBO triggers to form etch pits on plastic surfaces. These results revealed novel mechanisms of PBO cytotoxicity associated with PARP and synergistic effects with other environmental pollutants. The toxicological mechanisms underlying exposure to various combinations at different concentrations, including concentrations below the permitted limit of intake or the level of concern, require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Awad
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1052, USA; Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1052, USA
| | - Piyawan Chailapakul
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1052, USA
| | - Mark A Brown
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, and Epidemiology Section, Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1052, USA
| | - Takamitsu A Kato
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1052, USA.
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Park JC, Choi BS, Kim MS, Shi H, Zhou B, Park HG, Lee JS. The genome of the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus sheds light on the antioxidative defense system in response to 2-ethyl-phenanthrene and piperonyl butoxide. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 221:105443. [PMID: 32086058 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BRACHIONUS: spp. (Rotifera: Monogononta) have been introduced as ecotoxicological model-organisms that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. Among the Brachionus spp., the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus has been widely used for ecology, ecotoxicology, and evolution, thus, providing the whole genome data of B. koreanus is important for further understandings of in-depth molecular mechanisms. In this study, the completed assembly and characterization of the B. koreanus genome resulted in a total length of 85.7 Mb with 14,975 annotated genes. The final number of scaffolds was 567 with an N50 value and a GC content of 1.86 Mb and 24.35 %, respectively. Based on the fully constructed genome database, a total of 24 CYPs, 23 GSTs, two SODs, and a single CAT genes were identified and analyzed antioxidant activities (CAT, SOD, and GST), and transcriptional regulation of the entire CYPs, GSTs, SODs, and CAT in response to 2-ethyl-phenanthrene (2-ethyl-PHE) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), to demonstrate the usefulness of the whole genome library of B. koreanus in response xenobiotic-induced oxidative stress. The assembled B. koreanus genome will provide a better understanding on the molecular ecotoxicology in the view of molecular mechanisms underlying toxicological responses, particularly on xenobiotic detoxification processes in the rotifer B. koreanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | | | - Min-Sub Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Valdovinos-Flores C, Limón-Pacheco JH, León-Rodríguez R, Petrosyan P, Garza-Lombó C, Gonsebatt ME. Systemic L-Buthionine -S-R-Sulfoximine Treatment Increases Plasma NGF and Upregulates L-cys/L-cys2 Transporter and γ-Glutamylcysteine Ligase mRNAs Through the NGF/TrkA/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway in the Striatum. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:325. [PMID: 31396052 PMCID: PMC6664075 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant. GSH depletion leads to oxidative stress and neuronal damage in the central nervous system (CNS). In mice, the acute systemic inhibition of GSH synthesis by L-buthionine-S-R-sulfoximine (BSO) triggers a protective response and a subsequent increase in the CNS GSH content. This response might be modulated by a peripheral increment of circulating nerve growth factor (NGF). NGF is an important activator of antioxidant pathways mediated by tropomyosin-related kinase receptor A (TrkA). Here, we report that peripheral administration of BSO increased plasma NGF levels. Additionally, BSO increased NGF levels and activated the NGF/TrkA/Akt pathway in striatal neurons. Moreover, the response in the striatum included an increased transcription of nrf2, gclm, lat1, eaac1, and xct, all of which are involved in antioxidant responses, and L-cys/L-cys2 and glutamate transporters. Using antibody against NGF confirmed that peripheral NGF activated the NGF/TrkA/Akt/Nrf2 pathway in the striatum and subsequently increased the transcription of gclm, nrf2, lat1, eaac1, and xct. These results provide evidence that the reduction of peripheral GSH pools increases peripheral NGF circulation that orchestrates a neuroprotective response in the CNS, at least in the striatum, through the NGF/TrkA/Akt/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Valdovinos-Flores
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge H Limón-Pacheco
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Renato León-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pavel Petrosyan
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carla Garza-Lombó
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Maria E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Sabarwal A, Kumar K, Singh RP. Hazardous effects of chemical pesticides on human health-Cancer and other associated disorders. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 63:103-114. [PMID: 30199797 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Poisoning from pesticides is a global public health problem and accounts for nearly 300,000 deaths worldwide every year. Exposure to pesticides is inevitable; there are different modes through which humans get exposed to pesticides. The mode of exposure is an important factor as it also signifies the concentration of pesticides exposure. Pesticides are used extensively in agricultural and domestic settings. These chemicals are believed to cause many disorders in humans and wildlife. Research from past few decades has tried to answer the associated mechanism of action of pesticides in conjunction with their harmful effects. This perspective considers the past and present research in the field of pesticides and associated disorders. We have reviewed the most common diseases including cancer which are associated with pesticides. Pesticides have shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases as well as various disorders of the respiratory and reproductive tracts. Oxidative stress caused by pesticides is an important mechanism through which many of the pesticides exert their harmful effects. Oxidative stress is known to cause DNA damage which in turn may cause malignancies and other disorders. Many pesticides have shown to modulate the gene expression at the level of non-coding RNAs, histone deacetylases, DNA methylation patterns suggesting their role in epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Sabarwal
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunal Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rana P Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Xie J, Zhu XY, Liu LM, Meng ZQ. Solute carrier transporters: potential targets for digestive system neoplasms. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:153-166. [PMID: 29416375 PMCID: PMC5788932 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s152951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive system neoplasms are the leading causes of cancer-related death all over the world. Solute carrier (SLC) superfamily is composed of a series of transporters that are ubiquitously expressed in organs and tissues of digestive systems and mediate specific uptake of small molecule substrates in facilitative manner. Given the important role of SLC proteins in maintaining normal functions of digestive system, dysregulation of these protein in digestive system neoplasms may deliver biological and clinical significance that deserves systemic studies. In this review, we critically summarized the recent advances in understanding the role of SLC proteins in digestive system neoplasms. We highlighted that several SLC subfamilies, including metal ion transporters, transporters of glucose and other sugars, transporters of urea, neurotransmitters and biogenic amines, ammonium and choline, inorganic cation/anion transporters, transporters of nucleotide, amino acid and oligopeptide organic anion transporters, transporters of vitamins and cofactors and mitochondrial carrier, may play important roles in mediating the initiation, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance of digestive system neoplasms. Proteins in these SLC subfamilies may also have diagnostic and prognostic values to particular cancer types. Differential expression of SLC proteins in tumors of digestive system was analyzed by extracting data from human cancer database, which revealed that the roles of SLC proteins may either be dependent on the substrates they transport or be tissue specific. In addition, small molecule modulators that pharmacologically regulate the functions of SLC proteins were discussed for their possible application in the treatment of digestive system neoplasms. This review highlighted the potential of SLC family proteins as drug target for the treatment of digestive system neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yan Zhu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ming Liu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Qiang Meng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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Cavallin JE, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, Villeneuve DL, Lee KE, Schroeder AL, Mayasich J, Eid EP, Nelson KR, Milsk RY, Blackwell BR, Berninger JP, LaLone CA, Blanksma C, Jicha T, Elonen C, Johnson R, Ankley GT. Pathway-based approaches for assessment of real-time exposure to an estrogenic wastewater treatment plant effluent on fathead minnow reproduction. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:702-716. [PMID: 26332155 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are known contributors of chemical mixtures into the environment. Of particular concern are endocrine-disrupting compounds, such as estrogens, which can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function in exposed organisms. The present study examined reproductive effects in fathead minnows exposed for 21 d to a historically estrogenic WWTP effluent. Fathead minnow breeding pairs were held in control water or 1 of 3 effluent concentrations (5%, 20%, and 100%) in a novel onsite, flow-through system providing real-time exposure. The authors examined molecular and biochemical endpoints representing key events along adverse outcome pathways linking estrogen receptor activation and other molecular initiating events to reproductive impairment. In addition, the authors used chemical analysis of the effluent to construct a chemical-gene interaction network to aid in targeted gene expression analyses and identifying potentially impacted biological pathways. Cumulative fecundity was significantly reduced in fish exposed to 100% effluent but increased in those exposed to 20% effluent, the approximate dilution factor in the receiving waters. Plasma vitellogenin concentrations in males increased in a dose-dependent manner with effluent concentration; however, male fertility was not impacted. Although in vitro analyses, analytical chemistry, and biomarker responses confirmed the effluent was estrogenic, estrogen receptor agonists were unlikely the primary driver of impaired reproduction. The results provide insights into the significance of pathway-based effects with regard to predicting adverse reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E Cavallin
- ORISE Research Participation Program, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kathleen M Jensen
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael D Kahl
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kathy E Lee
- Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, US Geological Survey, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anthony L Schroeder
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, University of Minnesota-Water Resources Center, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joe Mayasich
- Western Lake Superior Sanitary District, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Evan P Eid
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Krysta R Nelson
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca Y Milsk
- ORISE Research Participation Program, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- ORISE Research Participation Program, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jason P Berninger
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chad Blanksma
- Badger Technical Services, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Terri Jicha
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Colleen Elonen
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rodney Johnson
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
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Arslan M, Sevgiler Y, Buyukleyla M, Yardimci M, Yilmaz M, Rencuzogullari E. Sex-related effects of imidacloprid modulated by piperonyl butoxide and menadione in rats. Part II: genotoxic and cytotoxic potential. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:81-6. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1029049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ramos-Chavez LA, Sordo M, Calderon-Aranda E, Castañeda-Saucedo E, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Moreno-Godinez ME. A permethrin/allethrin mixture induces genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:7-14. [PMID: 25424543 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.956025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two pyrethroids, permethrin and allethrin, are often combined for large-scale use in public health programs to control vector-borne diseases. In this study, the genotoxic potential of a commercial formulation of permethrin and allethrin was examined using cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Genotoxicity was evaluated using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN cyt) assay by measuring the frequency of micronuclei (MN), nuclear division index (NDI), formation of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) and nuclear buds (NBUD), as well as apoptotic and necrotic cells. Human PBL were treated with different concentrations of a permethrin/allethrin mixture (1/0.01, 5/0.07, and 10/0.14 μg/ml) for 24 or 36 h. The highest concentration (10/0.14 μg/ml) of permethrin/allethrin mixture significantly increased MN frequency and percent apoptotic cells after incubations for 24 or 36 h. The NDI was markedly decreased in response to treatment with 5/0.07 or 10/0.14 μg/ml permethrin/allethrin for both 24 and 36 h. Exposure to the permethrin/allethrin mixture did not significantly alter formation of NBUD, NPB, or percent necrotic cells. The MN frequency was significantly correlated with the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells but inversely correlated with NDI. Data demonstrated that a mixture of permethrin and allethrin induced concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic and genotoxic damage to human PBL in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio A Ramos-Chavez
- a Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero , Guerrero , México
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Wang Z, Zhao Z, Abou-Zaid MM, Arnason JT, Liu R, Walshe-Roussel B, Waye A, Liu S, Saleem A, Cáceres LA, Wei Q, Scott IM. Inhibition of insect glutathione S-transferase (GST) by conifer extracts. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 87:234-249. [PMID: 25270601 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide synergists biochemically inhibit insect metabolic enzyme activity and are used both to increase the effectiveness of insecticides and as a diagnostic tool for resistance mechanisms. Considerable attention has been focused on identifying new synergists from phytochemicals with recognized biological activities, specifically enzyme inhibition. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), and tamarack larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch) have been used by native Canadians as traditional medicine, specifically for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties based on enzyme inhibitory activity. To identify the potential allelochemicals with synergistic activity, ethanol crude extracts and methanol/water fractions were separated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatographic column and tested for in vitro glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibition activity using insecticide-resistant Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) midgut and fat-body homogenate. The fractions showing similar activity were combined and analyzed by ultra pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A lignan, (+)-lariciresinol 9'-p-coumarate, was identified from P. mariana cone extracts, and L. laricina and A. balsamea bark extracts. A flavonoid, taxifolin, was identified from P. mariana and P. banksiana cone extracts and L. laricina bark extracts. Both compounds inhibit GST activity with taxifolin showing greater activity compared to (+)-lariciresinol 9'-p-coumarate and the standard GST inhibitor, diethyl maleate. The results suggested that these compounds can be considered as potential new insecticide synergists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
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Karki K, Pande D, Negi R, Khanna S, Khanna RS, Khanna HD. Expression of Serum Toll-Like Receptor 9 and Oxidative Damage Markers in Benign and Malignant Breast Diseases. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:630-6. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Karki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Deepti Pande
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Reena Negi
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Seema Khanna
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ranjana S. Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Hari D. Khanna
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Tumor suppression effects of bilberry extracts and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin in early preneoplastic liver cell lesions induced by piperonyl butoxide promotion in a two-stage rat hepatocarcinogenesis model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:225-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Improvement and validation of a medium-term gpt delta rat model for predicting chemical carcinogenicity and underlying mode of action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:313-21. [PMID: 24929978 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new medium-term animal model, "GPG", in which an in vivo mutation assay in partially hepatectomized tissue and a tumor-promoting assay were performed. The tumor-promoting assay measures glutathione S-transferase placental form positive foci induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in the residual tissue. Given that a limitation of the original protocol is the potential interaction between the test chemical and DEN, the present study establishes a modified protocol that includes a test chemical washout period. Using CYP2E1 inhibitor and CYP1A or CYP2B inducers, a period of 2 weeks after cessation of exposure to the chemicals was confirmed to be sufficient to return their enzymatic activities to normal levels. Additionally, to avoid the effects of DEN on the pharmacokinetics of the test chemical, re-exposure to the test chemical started 1 week after DEN injection, in which tumor-promoting activities were clearly detected. Consequently, a modified protocol has been established with 2- and 1-week washout periods before and after DEN injection, respectively. The applicability of the modified protocol was demonstrated using the genotoxic hepatocarcinogen, estragole (ES), the genotoxic renal carcinogen, aristolochic acid (AA), and the non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens, β-naphthoflavone and barbital. Furthermore, the increase of cell cycle-related parameters in ES-treated livers, but not in AA-treated livers, may indicate that the liver is not the carcinogenic target site of AA despite its genotoxic role. Thus, since various parameters related to carcinogenesis can be evaluated concurrently, the GPG model could be a rapid and reliable assay for the assessment of human cancer hazards.
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Segawa R, Hayashi H, Morita R, Ogawa T, Takimoto N, Hara S, Suzuki K, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Modifying effects of liver tumor promotion in rats subjected to co-administration of indole-3-carbinol and phenobarbital. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 39:129-40. [PMID: 24418717 DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and phenobarbital (PB) are cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A and CYP2B inducers, respectively, and have liver tumor-promoting effects in rats. In this study, we investigated the modifying effects on tumor promotion by I3C and PB co-administration. Six-week-old male F344 rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of N-diethylnitrosamine for initiation treatment. Two weeks after the initiation, rats were given no tumor-promoting agents (DEN alone), I3C (2,500 or 5,000 ppm in diet), PB (60 or 120 ppm in drinking water), or 2,500 ppm I3C + 60 ppm PB for 6 weeks. One week after the I3C/PB treatments, all animals underwent a two-thirds partial hepatectomy. The number and area of liver cell foci positive for glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P(+) foci) were not significantly fluctuated in the PB+I3C group in the isoadditive statistical model. On the contrary, the mRNA levels of Cyp2b1/2 and Nqo1 were suppressed and enhanced, respectively, in the PB+I3C group in the isoadditive model, but there was no enhancement in the microsomal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels, and Ki-67(+) cell ratio in this group. The results suggest that the co-administration of I3C and PB causes no modifying effects in liver tumor promotion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Segawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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15
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Gene–environment interactions in heavy metal and pesticide carcinogenesis. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 760:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Morita R, Yafune A, Shiraki A, Itahashi M, Ishii Y, Akane H, Nakane F, Suzuki K, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Liver tumor promoting effect of orphenadrine in rats and its possible mechanism of action including CAR activation and oxidative stress. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:403-13. [PMID: 23665939 DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Orphenadrine (ORPH), an anticholinergic agent, is a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B inducer. CYP2B inducers are known to have liver tumor-promoting effects in rats. In this study, we performed a rat two-stage liver carcinogenesis bioassay to examine the tumor-promoting effect of ORPH and to clarify its possible mechanism of action. Male rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) as an initiation treatment. Two weeks after DEN administration, rats were fed a diet containing ORPH (0, 750, or 1,500 ppm) for 6 weeks. One week after the ORPH-administration rats were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy for the acceleration of hepatocellular proliferation. The number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci significantly increased in the DEN-ORPH groups. Real-time RT-PCR revealed increased mRNA expression levels of Cyp2b1/2, Mrp2 and Cyclin D1 in the DEN-ORPH groups and of Gpx2 and Gstm3 in the DEN-High ORPH group. Microsomal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress markers such as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were increased in the DEN-High ORPH group. Immunohistochemically, constitutively active/androstane receptor (CAR) were clearly localized in the nuclei of hepatocytes in the DEN-ORPH groups. These results suggest that ORPH causes nuclear translocation of CAR resulting in the induction of the liver tumor-promoting activity. Furthermore, oxidative stress resulting from ROS production is also involved in the liver tumor-promoting activity of ORPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan.
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17
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Morita R, Yafune A, Shiraki A, Itahashi M, Akane H, Nakane F, Suzuki K, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Suppressive effect of liver tumor-promoting activities in rats subjected to combined administration of phenobarbital and piperonyl butoxide. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:679-88. [PMID: 24025784 DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Phenobarbital (PB) is a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B inducer, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a CYP1A/2B inducer. These inducers have liver tumor-promoting effects in rats. In this study, we performed a rat two-stage liver carcinogenesis bioassay to examine the tumor-promoting effect of PB and PBO co-administration. Male rats received an intraperitoneal injection of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) for initiation. Two weeks after DEN administration, rats were given PB (60 or 120 ppm in drinking water), PBO (1,250 or 2,500 ppm in diet) or 60 ppm PB+1,250 ppm PBO for 6 weeks. One week after the PB/PBO treatment, all rats were subjected to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy. To evaluate the effect of the combined administration, we used two statistical additive models. In the isoadditive model, the average values of the area of GST-P positive foci in the PB+PBO group were significantly lower than those in the High PB or High PBO groups. In the heteroadditive model, the net values of Cyp1a1 mRNA level and microsomal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the PB+PBO group were significantly lower than the sum of those in the Low PB or Low PBO groups. On the contrary, there was no interactive effect in the PCNA-positive hepatocyte ratio, mRNA levels of Cyp2b1/2, Gstm3, Gpx2 and Nqo1, and the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the PB+PBO group. These results suggest that PB and PBO co-administration causes suppressive effects in liver tumor-promoting activity in rats resulting from inhibited microsomal ROS production because of suppression of CYP1A induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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18
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Yafune A, Kawai M, Itahashi M, Kimura M, Nakane F, Mitsumori K, Shibutani M. Global DNA methylation screening of liver in piperonyl butoxide-treated mice in a two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis model. Toxicol Lett 2013; 222:295-302. [PMID: 23968726 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Disruptive epigenetic gene control has been shown to be involved in carcinogenesis. To identify key molecules in piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, we searched hypermethylated genes using CpG island (CGI) microarrays in non-neoplastic liver cells as a source of proliferative lesions at 25 weeks after tumor promotion with PBO using mice. We further performed methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time reverse transcription PCR, and immunohistochemical analysis in PBO-promoted liver tissues. Ebp4.1, Wdr6 and Cmtm6 increased methylation levels in the promoter region by PBO promotion, although Cmtm6 levels were statistically non-significant. These results suggest that PBO promotion may cause altered epigenetic gene regulation in non-neoplastic liver cells surrounding proliferative lesions to allow the facilitation of hepatocarcinogenesis. Both Wdr6 and Cmtm6 showed decreased expression in non-neoplastic liver cells in contrast to positive immunoreactivity in the majority of proliferative lesions produced by PBO promotion. These results suggest that both Wdr6 and Cmtm6 were spared from epigenetic gene modification in proliferative lesions by PBO promotion in contrast to the hypermethylation-mediated downregulation in surrounding liver cells. Considering the effective detection of proliferative lesions, these molecules could be used as detection markers of hepatocellular proliferative lesions and played an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Yafune
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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19
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Nair AR, DeGheselle O, Smeets K, Van Kerkhove E, Cuypers A. Cadmium-Induced Pathologies: Where Is the Oxidative Balance Lost (or Not)? Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6116-43. [PMID: 23507750 PMCID: PMC3634456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14036116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, anthropogenic factors have led to cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the environment causing various health problems in humans. Although Cd is not a Fenton-like metal, it induces oxidative stress in various animal models via indirect mechanisms. The degree of Cd-induced oxidative stress depends on the dose, duration and frequency of Cd exposure. Also the presence or absence of serum in experimental conditions, type of cells and their antioxidant capacity, as well as the speciation of Cd are important determinants. At the cellular level, the Cd-induced oxidative stress either leads to oxidative damage or activates signal transduction pathways to initiate defence responses. This balance is important on how different organ systems respond to Cd stress and ultimately define the pathological outcome. In this review, we highlight the Cd-induced oxidant/antioxidant status as well as the damage versus signalling scenario in relation to Cd toxicity. Emphasis is addressed to Cd-induced pathologies of major target organs, including a section on cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. Furthermore, attention is paid to Cd-induced oxidative stress in undifferentiated stem cells, which can provide information for future therapies in preventing Cd-induced pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambily Ravindran Nair
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.R.N.); (O.D.); (K.S.); (E.V.K.)
| | | | | | - Emmy Van Kerkhove
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.R.N.); (O.D.); (K.S.); (E.V.K.)
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.R.N.); (O.D.); (K.S.); (E.V.K.)
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20
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Expression patterns of cell cycle proteins in the livers of rats treated with hepatocarcinogens for 28 days. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1141-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hayashi S, Taketa Y, Inoue K, Takahashi M, Matsuo S, Irie K, Watanabe G, Yoshida M. Effects of pyperonyl butoxide on the female reproductive tract in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:891-902. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Hayashi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | | | - Kaoru Inoue
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Miwa Takahashi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Saori Matsuo
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Kaoru Irie
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Midori Yoshida
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
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22
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Pande D, Negi R, Karki K, Khanna S, Khanna RS, Khanna HD. Oxidative damage markers as possible discriminatory biomarkers in breast carcinoma. Transl Res 2012; 160:411-8. [PMID: 22885175 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the markers of oxidative damage and to establish their diagnostic utility in breast carcinoma patients. Levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), protein carbonyl (PC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) along with total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured in breast carcinoma patients and controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done to study the diagnostic potential of the oxidative damage markers. Significant increases in oxidative damage markers were observed in breast carcinoma patients compared with the normal controls, which were accompanied by significant decrease in TAS. The logistic regression analysis revealed higher levels of oxidative stress marker and reduced level of TAS were significantly associated with breast cancer. ROC curves analysis demonstrates that 8-OHdG and PC are better indicators for distinguishing cancer patients from controls, followed by MDA and TAS. Our results indicate increased oxidative damage is associated with malignancy in breast cancer patients. High accuracy of oxidative stress markers in indicating cancer presence can be used as discriminatory makers for efficient diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Pande
- Department of Biophysics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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23
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Liu B, Jung KH, Horton MK, Camann DE, Liu X, Reardon AM, Perzanowski MS, Zhang H, Perera FP, Whyatt RM, Miller RL. Prenatal exposure to pesticide ingredient piperonyl butoxide and childhood cough in an urban cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 48:156-61. [PMID: 22935766 PMCID: PMC3440511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previously we reported that airborne concentrations of cis-permethrin, but not trans-permethrin, measured during pregnancy in an inner city pediatric cohort was associated with cough by age 5. However, the effect of subsequent exposures to both permethrins during early childhood, and to piperonyl butoxide (PBO, a synergist for residential pyrethroid insecticides) remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized that prenatal and age 5-6 year measures of PBO and permethrins would be associated with cough at age 5-6 years in this cohort. Further, we explored the associations between these pesticide measures and wheeze, asthma, seroatopy, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). METHODS PBO and permethrins were measured in personal air during the third trimester of pregnancy and indoor residential air at age 5-6 years (n=224). Health outcome questionnaires were administered to the mothers of 5-6 year old children. Indoor allergen specific and total immunoglobulin (Ig) E production was measured from sera collected at age 5, and FeNO was measured at 5-6 years. The hypotheses were tested using regression models adjusting for common confounders. RESULTS Noninfectious cough was reported among 14% of children at age 5-6 years. Measures of prenatal PBO, but not age 5-6 year PBO or permethrins, increased the odds of cough [OR (95% CI): 1.27 (1.09-1.48), p<0.01; n=217]. No significant associations were found for other measured health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal PBO exposure was associated with childhood cough. It is unclear whether the observed effect is due mainly to PBO itself or residential pyrethroids of which PBO is an indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bian Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168 Street, PH8E-101, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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24
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Hayashi H, Shimamoto K, Taniai E, Ishii Y, Morita R, Suzuki K, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Liver tumor promoting effect of omeprazole in rats and its possible mechanism of action. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:491-501. [PMID: 22687989 DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Omeprazole (OPZ), a proton pump inhibitor, is a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1/2 inducer. Some CYP1A inducers are known to have liver tumor promoting effects in rats and the ability to enhance oxidative stress. In this study, we performed a two-stage liver carcinogenesis bioassay in rats to examine the tumor promoting effect of OPZ (Experiment 1) and to clarify a possible mechanism of action (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, male F344 rats were subjected to a two-third partial hepatectomy, and treated with 0, 138 or 276 mg/kg OPZ by oral gavage once a day for six weeks after an intraperitoneal injection of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Liver weights significantly increased in the DEN+OPZ groups, and the number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci significantly increased in the DEN+276 mg/kg OPZ group. In Experiment 2, the same experiment as Experiment 1 was performed, but the dosage of OPZ was 0 or 276 mg/kg. The number and area of GST-P positive foci as well as liver weights significantly increased in the DEN+276 mg/kg OPZ group. The number of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells also significantly increased in the same group. Real-time RT-PCR showed that the expression of AhR battery genes including Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Ugt1a6 and Nqo1, and Nrf2 battery genes including Gpx2, Yc2, Akr7a3, Aldh1a1 Me1 and Ggt1 were significantly upregulated in this group. However, the production of microsomal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) decreased, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content remained unchanged in this group. These results indicate that OPZ, CYP1A inducer, is a liver tumor promoter in rats, but oxidative stress is not involved in the liver tumor promoting effect of OPZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Hayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Tasaki M, Kuroiwa Y, Inoue T, Hibi D, Matsushita K, Ishii Y, Maruyama S, Nohmi T, Nishikawa A, Umemura T. Oxidative DNA damage andin vivomutagenicity caused by reactive oxygen species generated in the livers ofp53-proficient or -deficientgptdelta mice treated with non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:1433-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Tasaki
- Division of Pathology; National Institute of Health Sciences; 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku Tokyo 158-8501 Japan
| | - Yuichi Kuroiwa
- Division of Pathology; National Institute of Health Sciences; 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku Tokyo 158-8501 Japan
| | - Tomoki Inoue
- Division of Pathology; National Institute of Health Sciences; 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku Tokyo 158-8501 Japan
| | - Daisuke Hibi
- Division of Pathology; National Institute of Health Sciences; 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku Tokyo 158-8501 Japan
| | - Kohei Matsushita
- Division of Pathology; National Institute of Health Sciences; 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku Tokyo 158-8501 Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Division of Pathology; National Institute of Health Sciences; 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku Tokyo 158-8501 Japan
| | - Soichi Maruyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Science; Nihon University; 1866, Kameino Fujisawa-city Kanagawa 252-8510 Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis; National Institute of Health Sciences; 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku Tokyo 158-8501 Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nishikawa
- Biological Safety Research Center; National Institute of Health Sciences; 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku Tokyo 158-8501 Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- Division of Pathology; National Institute of Health Sciences; 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku Tokyo 158-8501 Japan
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Lee JC, Son YO, Pratheeshkumar P, Shi X. Oxidative stress and metal carcinogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:742-57. [PMID: 22705365 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposures to metals are closely associated with an increased risk of various cancers. Although carcinogenesis caused by metals has been intensively investigated, the exact mechanisms of action are still unclear. Accumulating evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by metals play important roles in the etiology of degenerative and chronic diseases. This review covers recent advances in (1) metal-induced generation of ROS and the related mechanisms; (2) the relationship between metal-mediated ROS generation and carcinogenesis; and (3) the signaling proteins involved in metal-induced carcinogenesis, especially intracellular reduction-oxidation-sensitive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Chae Lee
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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27
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Fujimoto N, Inoue K, Yoshida M, Nishikawa A, Ozawa S, Gamou T, Nemoto K, Degawa M. Estrogen and androgen receptor status in hepatocellular hypertrophy induced by phenobarbital, clofibrate, and piperonyl butoxide in F344 rats. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:281-6. [PMID: 22467018 DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined hepatic estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) levels as well as estrogen-signaling status in a model of rat hepatic hypertrophy induced by phenobarbital (PB), chlofibrate (CF), or piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Male F344 rats were fed with PB at 2,500 ppm, CF at 2,500 ppm, and PBO at 20,000 ppm for 3 days, 4 weeks, and 13 weeks. CF and PBO induced diffuse hypertrophy, while centrilobular hypertrophy was observed with PB administration. The levels of mRNA for ERα, AR and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) which was found to be estrogen responsive in the present study, were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. In the CF and PBO groups, ERα mRNA expression was reduced, and consequently, the expression of a responsive gene, LIFR, was also decreased, while PB had no effect on ER mRNA levels. AR mRNA expression decreased in all the treated groups, but reduction was persistent only in PB group. Recently, LIFR was identified as a tumor suppressor gene in human HCC. Thus, LIFR may be one of the key mediators of hepatic carcinogenesis induced by CF and PBO, but PB appears to act via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariaki Fujimoto
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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28
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Hojo Y, Shiraki A, Tsuchiya T, Shimamoto K, Ishii Y, Suzuki K, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Liver tumor promoting effect of etofenprox in rats and its possible mechanism of action. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:297-306. [PMID: 22467020 DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the liver tumor-promoting effects of etofenprox (ETF), a pyrethroid-like insecticide, 6 week-old male F344 rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN). After 2 weeks from the DEN treatment, 12 rats per group received a powdered diet containing 0, 0.25, 0.50, or 1.0% ETF for 8 weeks. At the time of 2nd week of ETF administration, all animals were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH). One rat per group except for the 0.25% ETF group died due to surgical operation of PH. The number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci significantly increased in the livers of DEN-initiated rats given 0.50% and 1.0% ETF compared with the DEN-alone group. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of phase I enzymes Cyp2b1/2, phase II enzymes such as Akr7a3, Gsta5, Ugt1a6, Nqo1 significantly increased in the DEN+ETF groups. The immunohistochemistry showed the translocation of CAR from the cytoplasm to the nuclei of hepatocytes in the ETF-treated groups. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased in microsomes isolated from the livers of ETF-treated rats, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels and 8- hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content significantly increased in all of the ETF-treated groups and DEN+1.0% ETF group, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that ETF has a liver tumor-promoting activity in rats, and suggest that ETF activates the constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR) and enhances microsomal ROS production, resulting in the upregulation of Nrf2 gene batteries; such an oxidative stress subsequently induces liver tumor-promoting effects by increased cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Hojo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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The role of amino acid transporters in GSH synthesis in the blood-brain barrier and central nervous system. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:405-14. [PMID: 22634224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays a critical role in protecting cells from oxidative stress and xenobiotics, as well as maintaining the thiol redox state, most notably in the central nervous system (CNS). GSH concentration and synthesis are highly regulated within the CNS and are limited by availability of the sulfhydryl amino acid (AA) l-cys, which is mainly transported from the blood, through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and into neurons. Several antiporter transport systems (e.g., x(c)(-), x(-)(AG), and L) with clearly different luminal and abluminal distribution, Na(+), and pH dependency have been described in brain endothelial cells (BEC) of the BBB, as well as in neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes from different brain structures. The purpose of this review is to summarize information regarding the different AA transport systems for l-cys and its oxidized form l-cys(2) in the CNS, such as expression and activity in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons and environmental factors that modulate transport kinetics.
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Wang J, Lu J, Mook RA, Zhang M, Zhao S, Barak LS, Freedman JH, Lyerly HK, Chen W. The insecticide synergist piperonyl butoxide inhibits hedgehog signaling: assessing chemical risks. Toxicol Sci 2012; 128:517-23. [PMID: 22552772 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of chemicals, including insecticides, into the environment often raises public health concerns, as exemplified by a recent epidemiologic study associating in utero piperonyl butoxide (PBO) exposure with delayed mental development. The insecticide synergist PBO is listed among the top 10 chemicals detected in indoor dust; a systematic assessment of risks from PBO exposure, as for many toxicants unfortunately, may be underdeveloped when important biological targets that can cause toxicity are unknown. Hedgehog/Smoothened signaling is critical in neurological development. This study was designed to use novel high-throughput in vitro drug screening technology to identify modulators of Hedgehog signaling in environmental chemicals to assist the assessment of their potential risks. A directed library of 1408 environmental toxicants was screened for Hedgehog/Smoothened antagonist activity using a high-content assay that evaluated the interaction between Smoothened and βarrestin2 green fluorescent protein. PBO was identified as a Hedgehog/Smoothened antagonist capable of inhibiting Hedgehog signaling. We found that PBO bound Smoothened and blocked Smoothened overexpression-induced Gli-luciferase reporter activity but had no effect on Gli-1 downstream transcriptional factor-induced Gli activity. PBO inhibited Sonic Hedgehog ligand-induced Gli signaling and mouse cerebellar granular precursor cell proliferation. Moreover, PBO disrupted zebrafish development. Our findings demonstrate the value of high-throughput target-based screening strategies that can successfully evaluate large numbers of environmental toxicants and identify key targets and unknown biological activity that is helpful in properly assessing potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Shimamoto K, Hayashi H, Taniai E, Morita R, Imaoka M, Ishii Y, Suzuki K, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) supplementation reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated hepatocellular tumor promotion of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 36:775-86. [PMID: 22129741 DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) has a liver tumor promoting activity in rats, and is also known as a cytochrome p450 1A (CYP1A) inducer. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from CYP1A induction due to I3C, is probably involved in the tumor promotion. To clarify whether ROS generation contributes to I3C's induction of hepatocellular altered foci, partially hepatectomized rats were fed a diet containing 0.5% of I3C for 8 weeks with or without 0.3% N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, in their drinking water after N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) initiation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci promoted by I3C were suppressed by the administration of NAC. The mRNAs of members of the phase II nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 (Nrf2) gene batteries, whose promoter region is called as antioxidant response element (ARE), were down-regulated in the DEN-I3C-NAC group compared to the DEN-I3C group, but Cyp1a1 was not suppressed in the DEN-I3C-NAC group compared to the DEN-I3C group. There was no marked difference in production of microsomal ROS and genomic 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxygunosine (8-OHdG) as an oxidative DNA marker between the DEN-I3C-NAC and DEN-I3C groups, while mapkapk3 and Myc were decreased by the NAC treatment. These results indicate that oxidative stress plays an important role for I3C's tumor promotion, and NAC suppresses induction of hepatocellular altered foci with suppressed cytoplasmic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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The FA pathway counteracts oxidative stress through selective protection of antioxidant defense gene promoters. Blood 2012; 119:4142-51. [PMID: 22408259 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-09-381970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including Fanconi anemia (FA), a genetic disorder associated with BM failure and cancer. Here we show that major antioxidant defense genes are down-regulated in FA patients, and that gene down-regulation is selectively associated with increased oxidative DNA damage in the promoters of the antioxidant defense genes. Assessment of promoter activity and DNA damage repair kinetics shows that increased initial damage, rather than a reduced repair rate, contributes to the augmented oxidative DNA damage. Mechanistically, FA proteins act in concert with the chromatin-remodeling factor BRG1 to protect the promoters of antioxidant defense genes from oxidative damage. Specifically, BRG1 binds to the promoters of the antioxidant defense genes at steady state. On challenge with oxidative stress, FA proteins are recruited to promoter DNA, which correlates with significant increase in the binding of BRG1 within promoter regions. In addition, oxidative stress-induced FANCD2 ubiquitination is required for the formation of a FA-BRG1-promoter complex. Taken together, these data identify a role for the FA pathway in cellular antioxidant defense.
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33
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Taniai E, Yafune A, Hayashi H, Itahashi M, Hara-Kudo Y, Suzuki K, Mitsumori K, Shibutani M. Aberrant activation of ubiquitin D at G 2 phase and apoptosis by carcinogens that evoke cell proliferation after 28-day administration in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Taniai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Atsunori Yafune
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
- Gotemba Laboratory, Bozo Research Center Inc
| | - Hitomi Hayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Megu Itahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | | | - Kazuhiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Kunitoshi Mitsumori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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34
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Mechanistic study on liver tumor promoting effects of flutamide in rats. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:497-507. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Suppressive effect of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin on phenobarbital-induced liver tumor promotion in rats. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:1475-84. [PMID: 21445586 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) on hepatocellular tumor promotion induced by phenobarbital (PB), male rats were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and then fed with a diet containing PB (500 ppm) for 8 weeks, with or without EMIQ (2,000 ppm) in the drinking water. One week after PB administration, rats underwent a two-thirds partial hepatectomy. The PB-induced increase in the number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive ratio was significantly suppressed by EMIQ. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed increases in mRNA expression levels of Cyp2b2 and Mrp2 in the DEN-PB and DEN-PB-EMIQ groups compared with the DEN-alone group, while the level of Mrp2 decreased in the DEN-PB-EMIQ group compared with the DEN-PB group. There were no significant changes in microsomal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress markers between the DEN-PB and DEN-PB-EMIQ groups. Immunohistochemically, the constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR) in the DEN-PB group was clearly localized in the nuclei, but its immunoreactive intensity was decreased in the DEN-PB-EMIQ group. These results indicate that EMIQ suppressed the liver tumor-promoting activity of PB by inhibiting nuclear translocation of CAR, and not by suppression of oxidative stress.
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Shimamoto K, Dewa Y, Ishii Y, Kemmochi S, Taniai E, Hayashi H, Imaoka M, Morita R, Kuwata K, Suzuki K, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Indole-3-carbinol enhances oxidative stress responses resulting in the induction of preneoplastic liver cell lesions in partially hepatectomized rats initiated with diethylnitrosamine. Toxicology 2011; 283:109-17. [PMID: 21396975 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The liver tumor-promoting effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A inducer found in cruciferous vegetables, were investigated using a medium-term hepatocarcinogenesis model in rats. Six-week-old male F344 rats received an intraperitoneal injection of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and were fed a diet containing 0 (DEN-alone), 0.25, 0.50 or 1.0% of I3C for 8 weeks from 2 weeks after DEN-initiation. The number and area of liver cell foci positive for glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) significantly increased in the livers of rats given 0.5% I3C or more, compared to those in the DEN-alone group. The number of GST-P positive foci also increased in the 0.25% I3C group. The number of liver cells positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) significantly increased in all I3C groups compared to that in the DEN-alone group. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that I3C increased transcript levels of not only Cyp1a1 but also aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and/or nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) gene batteries, such as Cyp1a2, Cyp1b1, Ugt1a6, Nrf2, Nqo1, Gsta5, Gstm2, Ggt1and Gpx2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microsomal fraction significantly increased in all I3C-treated groups compared to the DEN-alone group, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content significantly increased in all of the I3C-treated groups and 1.0% I3C group, respectively. These results suggest that I3C is an AhR activator and enhances microsomal ROS production resulting in the upregulation of Nrf2 gene batteries, but the oxidative stress generated overcomes the antioxidant effect of Nrf2-related genes. Such 'a redox imbalance' subsequently induces liver tumor-promoting effects by enhancing cellular proliferation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Horton MK, Rundle A, Camann DE, Boyd Barr D, Rauh VA, Whyatt RM. Impact of prenatal exposure to piperonyl butoxide and permethrin on 36-month neurodevelopment. Pediatrics 2011; 127:e699-706. [PMID: 21300677 PMCID: PMC3065142 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent pesticide-monitoring results suggest that a shift in residential pesticide exposure from organophosphorus insecticides to pyrethroid insecticides has occurred. Pyrethroid insecticides are potential neurodevelopmental toxicants and have not been evaluated for developmental toxicity. Our objective was to explore the association between prenatal exposure to permethrin (a common pyrethroid) and piperonyl butoxide (a pyrethroid synergist) and 36-month neurodevelopment. METHODS Participants is this study were part of a prospective cohort of black and Dominican mothers and newborns living in low-income neighborhoods in New York City. We examined 36-month cognitive and motor development (using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition) as a function of permethrin levels measured in maternal and umbilical cord plasma collected on delivery and permethrin and piperonyl butoxide levels measured in personal air collected during pregnancy. All models were controlled for gender, gestational age, ethnicity, maternal education, maternal intelligence, quality of the home environment, and prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and chlorpyrifos. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to permethrin in personal air and/or plasma was not associated with performance scores for the Bayley Mental Developmental Index or the Psychomotor Developmental Index. After data adjustment, children more highly exposed to piperonyl butoxide in personal air samples (>4.34 ng/m(3)) scored 3.9 points lower on the Mental Developmental Index than those with lower exposures (95% confidence interval: -0.25 to -7.49). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to piperonyl butoxide was negatively associated with 36-month neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K. Horton
- Sergievsky Center; ,Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University; and
| | - Andrew Rundle
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Virginia A. Rauh
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University; and
| | - Robin M. Whyatt
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University; and
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38
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Oxidative stress and oxidative damage in chemical carcinogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 254:86-99. [PMID: 21296097 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are induced through a variety of endogenous and exogenous sources. Overwhelming of antioxidant and DNA repair mechanisms in the cell by ROS may result in oxidative stress and oxidative damage to the cell. This resulting oxidative stress can damage critical cellular macromolecules and/or modulate gene expression pathways. Cancer induction by chemical and physical agents involves a multi-step process. This process includes multiple molecular and cellular events to transform a normal cell to a malignant neoplastic cell. Oxidative damage resulting from ROS generation can participate in all stages of the cancer process. An association of ROS generation and human cancer induction has been shown. It appears that oxidative stress may both cause as well as modify the cancer process. Recently association between polymorphisms in oxidative DNA repair genes and antioxidant genes (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and human cancer susceptibility has been shown.
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39
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Hannas BR, Wang YH, Thomson S, Kwon G, Li H, LeBlanc GA. Regulation and dysregulation of vitellogenin mRNA accumulation in daphnids (Daphnia magna). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 101:351-7. [PMID: 21216345 PMCID: PMC3691678 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The induction of vitellogenin in oviparous vertebrates has become the gold standard biomarker of exposure to estrogenic chemicals in the environment. This biomarker of estrogen exposure also has been used in arthropods, however, little is known of the factors that regulate the expression of vitellogenin in these organisms. We investigated changes in accumulation of mRNA products of the vitellogenin gene Vtg2 in daphnids (Daphnia magna) exposed to a diverse array of chemicals. We further evaluated the involvement of hormonal factors in the regulation of vitellogenin expression that may be targets of xenobiotic chemicals. Expression of the Vtg2 gene was highly responsive to exposure to various chemicals with an expression range spanning approximately four orders of magnitude. Chemicals causing the greatest induction were piperonyl butoxide, chlordane, 4-nonylphenol, cadmium, and chloroform. Among these, only 4-nonylphenol is recognized to be estrogenic. Exposure to several chemicals also suppressed Vtg2 mRNA levels, as much as 100-fold. Suppressive chemicals included cyproterone acetate, acetone, triclosan, and atrazine. Exposure to the estrogens diethylstilbestrol and bisphenol A had little effect on vitellogenin mRNA levels further substantiating that these genes are not induced by estrogen exposure. Exposure to the potent ecdysteroids 20-hydroxyecdysone and ponasterone A revealed that Vtg2 was subject to strong suppressive control by these hormones. Vtg2 mRNA levels were not significantly affected from exposure to several juvenoid hormones. Results indicate that ecdysteroids are suppressors of vitellogenin gene expression and that vitellogenin mRNA levels can be elevated or suppressed in daphnids by xenobiotics that elicit antiecdysteroidal or ecdysteroidal activity, respectively. Importantly, daphnid Vtg2 is not elevated in response to estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gerald A. LeBlanc
- Corresponding author: Box 7633, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695-7633, Phone: (919)515-7404, Fax: (919)515-7169,
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40
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Shimamoto K, Dewa Y, Kemmochi S, Taniai E, Hayashi H, Imaoka M, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Relationship between CYP1A induction by indole-3-carbinol or flutamide and liver tumor-promoting potential in rats. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:1159-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Ozawa S, Gamou T, Habano W, Inoue K, Yoshida M, Nishikawa A, Nemoto K, Degawa M. Altered expression of GADD45 genes during the development of chemical-mediated liver hypertrophy and liver tumor promotion in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 36:613-23. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University
| | - Toshie Gamou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University
| | - Wataru Habano
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University
| | - Kaoru Inoue
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Midori Yoshida
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | | | - Kiyomitsu Nemoto
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Masakuni Degawa
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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42
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Nemoto K, Tanaka T, Ikeda A, Ito S, Mizukami M, Hikida T, Gamou T, Habano W, Ozawa S, Inoue K, Yoshida M, Nishikawa A, Degawa M. Super-induced gene expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2C subunit in chemical-induced hypertrophic liver in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 36:507-14. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomitsu Nemoto
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Ayaka Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Sei Ito
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Masanori Mizukami
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Tokihiro Hikida
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Toshie Gamou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University
| | - Wataru Habano
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University
| | - Kaoru Inoue
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Midori Yoshida
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | | | - Masakuni Degawa
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
- Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, University of Shizuoka
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Tawfeeq MM, Suzuki T, Shimamoto K, Hayashi H, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Evaluation of in vivo genotoxic potential of fenofibrate in rats subjected to two-week repeated oral administration. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:1003-11. [PMID: 21127841 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fenofibrate (FF), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist, has been used as one of the hypolipidemic drugs in man and induces oxidative stress and promotes hepatocarcinogenesis in the liver of rodents. This chemical belongs to a class of non-genotoxic carcinogens, but DNA damage secondary to oxidative stress resulting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is suspected in rodents given this chemical. To examine whether FF has genotoxic potential, partially hepatectomized F344 male rats were treated orally with 0, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg of FF for 2 weeks, followed by diet containing 0.15% 2 acetyl aminofluorene (2 AAF) for enhancement the tumor-promoting effect for 10 days and a single oral dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as the first experiment (liver initiation assay). As the second experiment, the in vivo liver comet assay was performed in hepatectomized rats, and the expression of some DNA repair genes was examined. In the liver initiation assay, the number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive single cells and foci did not increase in the FF treated groups. In the comet assay, positive results were obtained after 3 h of the last treatment of FF, and the expression of some DNA repair genes such as Apex1, Ogg1 and Mlh1 were upregulated in rats given the high dose of FF at 3 h after the treatment but not in 24 h after the treatment. The results of the present study suggest that FF causes some DNA damage in livers of rats, but is not a strong genotoxic substance leading to a DNA mutation since such DNA damage was repaired by the increased activity of some DNA repair genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Monir Tawfeeq
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Tasaki M, Umemura T, Suzuki Y, Hibi D, Inoue T, Okamura T, Ishii Y, Maruyama S, Nohmi T, Nishikawa A. Oxidative DNA damage and reporter gene mutation in the livers of gpt delta rats given non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens with cytochrome P450-inducible potency. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:2525-30. [PMID: 20735435 PMCID: PMC11159437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have proposed that reactive oxygen species resulting from induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes might be involved in the modes of action of hepatocarcinogens with CYP-inducible potency. In the present study, we investigated 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, in vivo mutagenicity and glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci in the livers of gpt delta rats treated with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) or phenobarbital (PhB) for 4 and 13 weeks. Significant elevations in Cyp 1A1 and Cyp 1A2 mRNA levels after PBO treatment, and in Cyp 2B1 mRNA levels after PBO or PhB treatment, appeared together with remarkable hepatomegaly through the experimental period. Time-dependent and statistically significant increases in 8-OHdG levels were observed in the PBO treatment group along with significant increases in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive hepatocytes at 4 weeks, while no increase in 8-OHdG levels was found in PhB-treated rats. No changes in mutant frequencies of gpt and red/gam (Spi(-)) genes in liver DNA from PBO- or PhB-treated rats were observed at 4 or 13 weeks. A 13-week exposure to either PBO or PhB did not affect the number and area of GST-P-positive hepatocytes. CYP 1A1 and 1A2 induction may be responsible for elevated levels of 8-OHdG in PBO-treated rats. However, neither GC:TA transversions nor deletion mutations, typically regarded as 8-OHdG-related mutations, were observed in any of the treated rats. We conclude that reactive oxygen species, possibly produced through CYP catalytic pathways, likely induced genomic DNA damage but did not give rise to permanent gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Tasaki
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Gu X, Manautou JE. Regulation of hepatic ABCC transporters by xenobiotics and in disease states. Drug Metab Rev 2010; 42:482-538. [PMID: 20233023 DOI: 10.3109/03602531003654915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The subfamily of ABCC transporters consists of 13 members in mammals, including the multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), sulfonylurea receptors (SURs), and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). These proteins play roles in chemical detoxification, disposition, and normal cell physiology. ABCC transporters are expressed differentially in the liver and are regulated at the transcription and translation level. Their expression and function are also controlled by post-translational modification and membrane-trafficking events. These processes are tightly regulated. Information about alterations in the expression of hepatobiliary ABCC transporters could provide important insights into the pathogenesis of diseases and disposition of xenobiotics. In this review, we describe the regulation of hepatic ABCC transporters in humans and rodents by a variety of xenobiotics, under disease states and in genetically modified animal models deficient in transcription factors, transporters, and cell-signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, USA
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46
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Disruption of Smad-dependent signaling for growth of GST-P-positive lesions from the early stage in a rat two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 246:128-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Mačak-Šafranko Z, Sobočanec S, Sarić A, Balog T, Sverko V, Kušić B, Marotti T. Cytochrome P450 gender-related differences in response to hyperoxia in young CBA mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 63:345-50. [PMID: 20227864 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) represent large class of heme-containing enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous substrates. Although they are found in many tissues, the function of the particular subset of their isoforms does not appear to be the same. Many CYP genes exhibit sexually dimorphic expression, while others are sex-independent. Moreover, as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), P450 system is believed to play the important role in various pathological conditions and diseases. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of hyperoxia on oxidant/antioxidant status in the liver of young male and female mice and to determine whether the observed effects are associated with the expression of Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and CYP genes associated with stress (Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp2a5, and Cyp2e1) or stress and gender-related responses (Cyp2b9). In this study, we demonstrated gender-related effect of hyperoxia on oxidant/antioxidant status and on expression of certain P450 enzymes. Our results suggest that females are less susceptible to hyperoxia induced oxidative stress by two major mechanisms: upregulated expression of HO-1 genes and different expression of certain P450 enzymes. Therefore, our study could provide additional data of gender-dependent responses in susceptibility to oxidative stress, chemical toxicity and drug efficiency in treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljka Mačak-Šafranko
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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48
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Suzuki T, Jin M, Dewa Y, Ichimura R, Shimada Y, Mizukami S, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Evaluation of in vivo liver genotoxic potential of Wy-14,643 and piperonyl butoxide in rats subjected to two-week repeated oral administration. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:493-500. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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49
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Kawai M, Saegusa Y, Dewa Y, Nishimura J, Kemmochi S, Harada T, Ishii Y, Umemura T, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Elevation of cell proliferation via generation of reactive oxygen species by piperonyl butoxide contributes to its liver tumor-promoting effects in mice. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:155-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Nishimura J, Saegusa Y, Dewa Y, Jin M, Kawai M, Kemmochi S, Harada T, Hayashi SM, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Antioxidant enzymatically modified isoquercitrin or melatonin supplementation reduces oxidative stress-mediated hepatocellular tumor promotion of oxfendazole in rats. Arch Toxicol 2009; 84:143-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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