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Donato L, Mordà D, Scimone C, Alibrandi S, D'Angelo R, Sidoti A. From powerhouse to regulator: The role of mitoepigenetics in mitochondrion-related cellular functions and human diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 218:105-119. [PMID: 38565400 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their crucial role in energy production, mitochondria harbor a distinct genome subject to epigenetic regulation akin to that of nuclear DNA. This paper delves into the nascent but rapidly evolving fields of mitoepigenetics and mitoepigenomics, exploring the sophisticated regulatory mechanisms governing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These mechanisms encompass mtDNA methylation, the influence of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and post-translational modifications of mitochondrial proteins. Together, these epigenetic modifications meticulously coordinate mitochondrial gene transcription, replication, and metabolism, thereby calibrating mitochondrial function in response to the dynamic interplay of intracellular needs and environmental stimuli. Notably, the dysregulation of mitoepigenetic pathways is increasingly implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction and a spectrum of human pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular conditions. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current state of knowledge, emphasizing recent breakthroughs and innovations in the field. It discusses the potential of high-resolution mitochondrial epigenome mapping, the diagnostic and prognostic utility of blood or tissue mtDNA epigenetic markers, and the promising horizon of mitochondrial epigenetic drugs. Furthermore, it explores the transformative potential of mitoepigenetics and mitoepigenomics in precision medicine. Exploiting a theragnostic approach to maintaining mitochondrial allostasis, this paper underscores the pivotal role of mitochondrial epigenetics in charting new frontiers in medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (I.E.ME.S.T.) 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Domenico Mordà
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (I.E.ME.S.T.) 90139 Palermo, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy.
| | - Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (I.E.ME.S.T.) 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (I.E.ME.S.T.) 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rosalia D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy.
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The potential role of environmental factors in modulating mitochondrial DNA epigenetic marks. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:107-145. [PMID: 36863791 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Many studies implicate mitochondrial dysfunction in the development and progression of numerous chronic diseases. Mitochondria are responsible for most cellular energy production, and unlike other cytoplasmic organelles, mitochondria contain their own genome. Most research to date, through investigating mitochondrial DNA copy number, has focused on larger structural changes or alterations to the entire mitochondrial genome and their role in human disease. Using these methods, mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to cancers, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic health. However, like the nuclear genome, the mitochondrial genome may experience epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation that may partially explain some of the health effects of various exposures. Recently, there has been a movement to understand human health and disease within the context of the exposome, which aims to describe and quantify the entirety of all exposures people encounter throughout their lives. These include, among others, environmental pollutants, occupational exposures, heavy metals, and lifestyle and behavioral factors. In this chapter, we summarize the current research on mitochondria and human health, provide an overview of the current knowledge on mitochondrial epigenetics, and describe the experimental and epidemiologic studies that have investigated particular exposures and their relationships with mitochondrial epigenetic modifications. We conclude the chapter with suggestions for future directions in epidemiologic and experimental research that is needed to advance the growing field of mitochondrial epigenetics.
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Shafique S, Wolpert SH, Philbrook NA, Winn LM. Gestational exposure to triphenyl phosphate induces epigenetic modifications in C57Bl/6 fetal liver. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:338-347. [PMID: 36369707 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a chemical flame retardant and plasticizer which is added to consumer and industrial products. The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis postulate that in utero exposures can have later-in-life effects on the developing fetus and can alter fetal gene expression. This study aimed to determine whether epigenetic modifications occurred following in utero TPHP exposure in mice and whether these changes were dose and/or sex-dependent. METHODS Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice were treated with 0, 5, 25, or 50 mg/kg of TPHP on gestational days (GD) 8, 10, 12, and 14 via intraperitoneal injection and fetal livers were collected on GD 19. Changes in the levels of acetylation of H3 and H4, as well as methylation of H3K9 and global DNA methylation were assessed in the fetal livers by western blot. RESULTS Results showed that there was a significant decrease in fetal DNA methylation following in utero exposure to 50 mg/kg TPHP compared to the control (0 mg/kg) independent of the sex of the fetus. While there were no significant alterations compared to controls in any histone modifications at any dose or sex following in utero TPHP exposure, we did note a decrease (t test, p = .025) in the levels of acetylated H3 in males versus females following a maternal dose of 25 mg/kg. The monomethylated H3K9 levels were also increased in females versus males following exposure to TPHP at 5 mg/kg (p = .018) and 25 mg/kg (p = .027) when analyzed via unpaired t tests, although not significantly different from controls. DISCUSSION The results suggest that gestational TPHP exposure can induce epigenetic modifications in murine fetal tissue. Specifically, global DNA methylation levels were downregulated in response to TPHP. Additionally, males appear to be more sensitive to TPHP-induced histone modifications than females. These data support the need for further studies investigating the impacts of gestational TPHP exposure on the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Shafique
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sydney H Wolpert
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicola A Philbrook
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise M Winn
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Sanyal T, Das A, Bhowmick P, Bhattacharjee P. Interplay between environmental exposure and mitochondrial DNA methylation in disease susceptibility and cancer: a comprehensive review. THE NUCLEUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-022-00392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Omichessan H, Perduca V, Polidoro S, Kvaskoff M, Truong T, Cano-Sancho G, Antignac JP, Baglietto L, Mancini FR, Severi G. Associations between plasma levels of brominated flame retardants and methylation of DNA from peripheral blood: A cross-sectional study in a cohort of French women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112788. [PMID: 35123963 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are organic compounds that are widespread in the environment. Because of their persistence, they are able to bioaccumulate with major impacts on human health. It has been hypothesized that the effect of BFRs on human health is mediated by alterations of DNA methylation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association between methylation of DNA extracted from peripheral blood and circulating levels of BFRs measured in plasma. METHODS We conducted a methylation wide association study on 336 blood samples from a study within the E3N (Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de l'Education Nationale) cohort, a long-term longitudinal cohort of French women. DNA methylation at more than 850 000 cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites was measured with the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation - EPIC BeadChip. Circulating levels of seven BFRs (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154 and PBB-153) were measured by gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry in plasma samples. The association between DNA methylation and BFRs plasma levels was assessed through linear mixed-effects models followed by gene-set enrichment analyses (GSEA). RESULTS We identified 253 CpG sites whose methylation levels were significantly associated with exposure to BFRs after Bonferroni correction. For 50 of these CpGs the p-values were less than 2.2x10-9 with the strongest association being between BDE-154 and cg23619365 (4.32x10-13). GSEA of CpG sites associated with exposure to BFRs identified significant enrichment of genes involved in hypoxia, glycolysis and adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to BFRs appears to be related to numerous alterations in DNA methylation. These findings, if replicated in independent studies, provide insights into the biological and health effects of BFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Omichessan
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, CESP U1018, "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Vittorio Perduca
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, CESP U1018, "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Laboratoire MAP5 (UMR CNRS 8145), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Polidoro
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, CESP U1018, "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, CESP U1018, "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Laura Baglietto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, CESP U1018, "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, CESP U1018, "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Statistics, Computer Science, University of Florence, Applications G. Parenti, Italy.
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Mandour DA, Tolba AM, El-Bestawy EM. Maternal exposure to the environmental pollutant "BDE-47" impairs the postnatal development of rat cerebellar cortex by modulating neuronal proliferation, synaptogenesis, NGF and BDNF pathways. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:555-573. [PMID: 35191013 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is an environmental contaminant that crosses the blood placental barrier and interferes with the homeostasis of fetal thyroid hormones. AIM OF WORK This study was designed to investigate the perinatal effect of BDE-47 exposure on the postnatal development of the rat cerebellar cortex. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out on 20 pregnant rats and 36 of their offspring. The pregnant rats were divided equally into control and BDE-47 treated mother groups; supplemented orally with BDE-47 (0.2 mg/kg/day from day 8 of gestation until the day of weaning). The offspring of both mother groups were subdivided, according to their developmental age, into three subgroups; PND14, PND21and PND42. SerumT3, T4 and TSH were assessed for dams and their offspring. Testing the motor coordination of the offspring via the rotarod test was conducted. Sections of the cerebellar cortex from offspring subgroups were stained with hematoxylin and eosin alongside immunohistochemical reactions and optical density of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and synaptophysin (SYN). Also, the thickness of different layers of the cerebellar cortex was histomorphometrically measured. RESULTS BDE-47 treated mothers and their offspring subgroups showed a significant decrease in the serum free T3, T4 and increased TSH. The BDE-47 offspring displayed incoordination of the motor activity together with disturbed cytoarchitecture of the cerebellar cortical layers, and impaired migration of its germinative neuronal zones, particularly on PND14 and PND21. Moreover, these offspring displayed a decrease of the immune-expression and optical density of NGF, BDNF in the cerebellar cortical layers with impaired proliferation, and synaptogenesis. CONCLUSION Maternal exposure to BDE-47 during pregnancy and lactation effectuated a potential deleterious retarding effect on the postnatal development of the rat cerebellar cortex mostly via modulating neuronal proliferation, synaptogenesis, NGF and BDNF pathways secondary to its hypothyroid effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Mandour
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Tolba
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Emtethal M El-Bestawy
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Plante I, Winn LM, Vaillancourt C, Grigorova P, Parent L. Killing two birds with one stone: Pregnancy is a sensitive window for endocrine effects on both the mother and the fetus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112435. [PMID: 34843719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex process requiring tremendous physiological changes in the mother in order to fulfill the needs of the growing fetus, and to give birth, expel the placenta and nurse the newborn. These physiological modifications are accompanied with psychological changes, as well as with variations in habits and behaviors. As a result, this period of life is considered as a sensitive window as impaired functional and physiological changes in the mother can have short- and long-term impacts on her health. In addition, dysregulation of the placenta and of mechanisms governing placentation have been linked to chronic diseases later-on in life for the fetus, in a concept known as the Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases (DOHaD). This concept stipulates that any change in the environment during the pre-conception and perinatal (in utero life and neonatal) period to puberty, can be "imprinted" in the organism, thereby impacting the health and risk of chronic diseases later in life. Pregnancy is a succession of events that is regulated, in large part, by hormones and growth factors. Therefore, small changes in hormonal balance can have important effects on both the mother and the developing fetus. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) affect both the mother and the fetus giving rise to growing concerns surrounding these exposures. This review will give an overview of changes that happen during pregnancy with respect to the mother, the placenta, and the fetus, and of the current literature regarding the effects of EDCs during this specific sensitive window of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Plante
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada.
| | - Louise M Winn
- Queen's University, School of Environmental Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Petya Grigorova
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lise Parent
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Duarte-Hospital C, Tête A, Brial F, Benoit L, Koual M, Tomkiewicz C, Kim MJ, Blanc EB, Coumoul X, Bortoli S. Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Hallmark of Environmental Injury. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010110. [PMID: 35011671 PMCID: PMC8750015 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors including diet, sedentary lifestyle and exposure to pollutants largely influence human health throughout life. Cellular and molecular events triggered by an exposure to environmental pollutants are extremely variable and depend on the age, the chronicity and the doses of exposure. Only a fraction of all relevant mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of pathologies in response to toxicants has probably been identified. Mitochondria are central hubs of metabolic and cell signaling responsible for a large variety of biochemical processes, including oxidative stress, metabolite production, energy transduction, hormone synthesis, and apoptosis. Growing evidence highlights mitochondrial dysfunction as a major hallmark of environmental insults. Here, we present mitochondria as crucial organelles for healthy metabolic homeostasis and whose dysfunction induces critical adverse effects. Then, we review the multiple mechanisms of action of pollutants causing mitochondrial toxicity in link with chronic diseases. We propose the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) as a model of “exposome receptor”, whose activation by environmental pollutants leads to various toxic events through mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we provide some remarks related to mitotoxicity and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Duarte-Hospital
- Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers, T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.D.-H.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (M.K.); (C.T.); (M.J.K.); (E.B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Tête
- Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers, T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.D.-H.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (M.K.); (C.T.); (M.J.K.); (E.B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - François Brial
- Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers, T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.D.-H.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (M.K.); (C.T.); (M.J.K.); (E.B.B.)
| | - Louise Benoit
- Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers, T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.D.-H.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (M.K.); (C.T.); (M.J.K.); (E.B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Meriem Koual
- Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers, T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.D.-H.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (M.K.); (C.T.); (M.J.K.); (E.B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Céline Tomkiewicz
- Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers, T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.D.-H.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (M.K.); (C.T.); (M.J.K.); (E.B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers, T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.D.-H.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (M.K.); (C.T.); (M.J.K.); (E.B.B.)
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Etienne B. Blanc
- Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers, T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.D.-H.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (M.K.); (C.T.); (M.J.K.); (E.B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers, T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.D.-H.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (M.K.); (C.T.); (M.J.K.); (E.B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (S.B.); Tel.: +33-1-76-53-43-70 (S.B.)
| | - Sylvie Bortoli
- Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers, T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.D.-H.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (M.K.); (C.T.); (M.J.K.); (E.B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (S.B.); Tel.: +33-1-76-53-43-70 (S.B.)
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Schnegelberger RD, Lang AL, Arteel GE, Beier JI. Environmental toxicant-induced maladaptive mitochondrial changes: A potential unifying mechanism in fatty liver disease? Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3756-3767. [PMID: 35024304 PMCID: PMC8727895 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposures to industrial chemicals are well known to cause hepatotoxicity and liver injury. However, despite extensive evidence showing that exposure can lead to disease, current research approaches and regulatory policies fail to address the possibility that subtle changes caused by low level exposure to chemicals may also enhance preexisting conditions. In recent years, the conceptual understanding of the contribution of environmental chemicals to liver disease has progressed significantly. Mitochondria are often target of toxicity of environmental toxicants resulting in multisystem disorders involving different cells, tissues, and organs. Here, we review persistent maladaptive changes to mitochondria in response to environmental toxicant exposure as a mechanism of hepatotoxicity. With better understanding of the mechanism(s) and risk factors that mediate the initiation and progression of toxicant-induced liver disease, rational targeted therapy can be developed to better predict risk, as well as to treat or prevent this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina D. Schnegelberger
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anna L. Lang
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gavin E. Arteel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Juliane I. Beier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Dungar BM, Schupbach CD, Jacobson JR, Kopf PG. Adrenal Corticosteroid Perturbation by the Endocrine Disruptor BDE-47 in a Human Adrenocortical Cell Line and Male Rats. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6346795. [PMID: 34370853 PMCID: PMC8402933 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been previously shown to alter various endocrine biosynthetic pathways. Growing epidemiological evidence suggests that PBDEs alter cardiovascular function. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of BDE-47 on adrenal corticosteroid pathways that play vital roles in cardiovascular homeostasis and pathophysiology. The effect of BDE-47 on aldosterone and cortisol secretion was characterized in a human adrenocortical cell line. HAC15 cells were exposed to various concentrations of BDE-47 (1 nM to 100 μM). Cell viability, corticosteroid secretion, gene expression of enzymes involved in corticosteroid synthesis, and metabolic activity was examined. Additionally, Sprague Dawley male rats were orally exposed to BDE-47 (10 or 100 µg/kg), 5 days per week for 16 weeks. Organ weights and plasma corticosteroid levels were measured. In HAC15 cells, basal and stimulated aldosterone and cortisol secretion was significantly increased by BDE-47. Gene expression of several enzymes involved in corticosteroid synthesis and mitochondrial metabolism also increased. In Sprague Dawley rats, adrenal but not heart, kidney, or liver weights, were significantly increased in BDE-47 treatment groups. Plasma corticosterone levels were significantly increased in the 100 µg BDE-47/kg treatment group. No change in plasma aldosterone levels were observed with BDE-47 exposure. These data indicate that BDE-47 disrupts the regulation of corticosteroid secretion and provides further evidence that PBDEs are potential endocrine disruptors. Future studies will determine the underlying molecular mechanism of altered corticosteroid production and examine whether these alterations result in underlying cardiovascular disease in our rodent model of 16-week BDE-47 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Dungar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Chad D Schupbach
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Jessie R Jacobson
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Phillip G Kopf
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
- Correspondence: Phillip G. Kopf, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
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Pistollato F, Carpi D, Mendoza-de Gyves E, Paini A, Bopp SK, Worth A, Bal-Price A. Combining in vitro assays and mathematical modelling to study developmental neurotoxicity induced by chemical mixtures. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:101-119. [PMID: 34455033 PMCID: PMC8522961 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal and postnatal co-exposure to multiple chemicals at the same time may have deleterious effects on the developing nervous system. We previously showed that chemicals acting through similar mode of action (MoA) and grouped based on perturbation of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), induced greater neurotoxic effects on human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons and astrocytes compared to chemicals with dissimilar MoA. Here we assessed the effects of repeated dose (14 days) treatments with mixtures containing the six chemicals tested in our previous study (Bisphenol A, Chlorpyrifos, Lead(II) chloride, Methylmercury chloride, PCB138 and Valproic acid) along with 2,2'4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47), Ethanol, Vinclozolin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)), on hiPSC-derived neural stem cells undergoing differentiation toward mixed neurons/astrocytes up to 21 days. Similar MoA chemicals in mixtures caused an increase of BDNF levels and neurite outgrowth, and a decrease of synapse formation, which led to inhibition of electrical activity. Perturbations of these endpoints are described as common key events in adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) specific for DNT. When compared with mixtures tested in our previous study, adding similarly acting chemicals (BDE47 and EtOH) to the mixture resulted in a stronger downregulation of synapses. A synergistic effect on some synaptogenesis-related features (PSD95 in particular) was hypothesized upon treatment with tested mixtures, as indicated by mathematical modelling. Our findings confirm that the use of human iPSC-derived mixed neuronal/glial models applied to a battery of in vitro assays anchored to key events in DNT AOP networks, combined with mathematical modelling, is a suitable testing strategy to assess in vitro DNT induced by chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donatella Carpi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Andrew Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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12
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Zhou Z, Goodrich JM, Strakovsky RS. Mitochondrial Epigenetics and Environmental Health: Making a Case for Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals. Toxicol Sci 2021; 178:16-25. [PMID: 32777053 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies implicate mitochondrial dysfunction in the development and progression of numerous chronic diseases, which may be partially due to modifications in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). There is also mounting evidence that epigenetic modifications to mtDNA may be an additional layer of regulation that controls mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Several environmental factors (eg, smoking, air pollution) have been associated with altered mtDNA methylation in a handful of mechanistic studies and in observational human studies. However, little is understood about other environmental contaminants that induce mtDNA epigenetic changes. Numerous environmental toxicants are classified as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Beyond their actions on hormonal pathways, EDC exposure is associated with elevated oxidative stress, which may occur through or result in mitochondrial dysfunction. Although only a few studies have assessed the impacts of EDCs on mtDNA methylation, the current review provides reasons to consider mtDNA epigenetic disruption as a mechanism of action of EDCs and reviews potential limitations related to currently available evidence. First, there is sufficient evidence that EDCs (including bisphenols and phthalates) directly target mitochondrial function, and more direct evidence is needed to connect this to mtDNA methylation. Second, these and other EDCs are potent modulators of nuclear DNA epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modifications. Finally, EDCs have been shown to disrupt several modulators of mtDNA methylation, including DNA methyltransferases and the mitochondrial transcription factor A/nuclear respiratory factor 1 pathway. Taken together, these studies highlight the need for future research evaluating mtDNA epigenetic disruption by EDCs and to detail specific mechanisms responsible for such disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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13
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Mitochondrial DNA Methylation and Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094594. [PMID: 33925624 PMCID: PMC8123858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications of the nuclear genome, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA post-transcriptional regulation, are increasingly being involved in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Recent evidence suggests that also epigenetic modifications of the mitochondrial genome could contribute to the etiology of human diseases. In particular, altered methylation and hydroxymethylation levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been found in animal models and in human tissues from patients affected by cancer, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, environmental factors, as well as nuclear DNA genetic variants, have been found to impair mtDNA methylation patterns. Some authors failed to find DNA methylation marks in the mitochondrial genome, suggesting that it is unlikely that this epigenetic modification plays any role in the control of the mitochondrial function. On the other hand, several other studies successfully identified the presence of mtDNA methylation, particularly in the mitochondrial displacement loop (D-loop) region, relating it to changes in both mtDNA gene transcription and mitochondrial replication. Overall, investigations performed until now suggest that methylation and hydroxymethylation marks are present in the mtDNA genome, albeit at lower levels compared to those detectable in nuclear DNA, potentially contributing to the mitochondria impairment underlying several human diseases.
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14
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Davidsen N, Lauvås AJ, Myhre O, Ropstad E, Carpi D, Gyves EMD, Berntsen HF, Dirven H, Paulsen RE, Bal-Price A, Pistollato F. Exposure to human relevant mixtures of halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) alters neurodevelopmental processes in human neural stem cells undergoing differentiation. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 100:17-34. [PMID: 33333158 PMCID: PMC7992035 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known to cause cancer, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and interfere with reproduction and development. Concerns have been raised about the impact of POPs upon brain development and possibly neurodevelopmental disorders. The developing brain is a particularly vulnerable organ due to dynamic and complex neurodevelopmental processes occurring early in life. However, very few studies have reported on the effects of POP mixtures at human relevant exposures, and their impact on key neurodevelopmental processes using human in vitro test systems. Aiming to reduce this knowledge gap, we exposed mixed neuronal/glial cultures differentiated from neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to reconstructed mixtures of 29 different POPs using concentrations comparable to Scandinavian human blood levels. Effects of the POP mixtures on neuronal proliferation, differentiation and synaptogenesis were evaluated using in vitro assays anchored to common key events identified in the existing developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). The present study showed that mixtures of POPs (in particular brominated and chlorinated compounds) at human relevant concentrations increased proliferation of NSCs and decreased synapse number. Based on a mathematical modelling, synaptogenesis and neurite outgrowth seem to be the most sensitive DNT in vitro endpoints. Our results indicate that prenatal exposure to POPs may affect human brain development, potentially contributing to recently observed learning and memory deficits in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichlas Davidsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Jacobsen Lauvås
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Donatella Carpi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Hanne Friis Berntsen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway; National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E Paulsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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15
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Xu Y, Cheng L, Sun J, Li F, Liu X, Wei Y, Han M, Zhu Z, Bi J, Lai C, Wang Y. Hypermethylation of Mitochondrial Cytochrome b and Cytochrome c Oxidase II Genes with Decreased Mitochondrial DNA Copy Numbers in the APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:564-572. [PMID: 33580369 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Increasing evidence shows that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation plays an essential role in many diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Since mitochondrial impairment is a key feature of AD, mtDNA methylation may also contribute to AD, but few studies have addressed this issue. Methylation changes of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (CYTB) and cytochrome c oxidase II (COX II) genes in AD have not been reported. We analyzed mtDNA methylation changes of the CYTB and COX II genes in an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD using pyrosequencing. We examined mtDNA copy numbers and the levels of expression by quantitative real-time PCR. Average methylation levels of different CpG sites were ≤ 4.0%. Methylated mtDNA accounted for only a small part of the total mtDNA. We also observed hypermethylation of mitochondrial CYTB and COX II genes with decreased mtDNA copy numbers and expression in the hippocampi of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. mtDNA methylation may play an important role in AD pathology, which may open a new window for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- Department of Neurology Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247th of Beiyuan Rd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Department of Neurology Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247th of Beiyuan Rd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247th of Beiyuan Rd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Neurology Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247th of Beiyuan Rd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangtian Liu
- Department of Neurology Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247th of Beiyuan Rd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Neurology Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247th of Beiyuan Rd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Han
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247th of Beiyuan Rd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhu
- Department of Neurology Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247th of Beiyuan Rd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianzhong Bi
- Department of Neurology Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247th of Beiyuan Rd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Lai
- Department of Neurology Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247th of Beiyuan Rd., Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247th of Beiyuan Rd., Jinan, Shandong, China.
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16
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Alam MN, Shapla UM, Shen H, Huang Q. Linking emerging contaminants exposure to adverse health effects: Crosstalk between epigenome and environment. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:878-897. [PMID: 33113590 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental epigenetic findings shed new light on the roles of epigenetic regulations in environmental exposure-induced toxicities or disease susceptibilities. Currently, environmental emerging contaminants (ECs) are in focus for further investigation due to the evidence of human exposure in addition to their environmental occurrences. However, the adverse effects of these environmental ECs on health through epigenetic mechanisms are still poorly addressed in many aspects. This review discusses the epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expressions) linking ECs exposure to health outcomes. We emphasized on the recent literature describing how ECs can dysregulate epigenetic mechanisms and lead to downstream health outcomes. These up-to-date research outputs could provide novel insights into the toxicological mechanisms of ECs. However, the field still faces a demand for further studies on the broad spectrum of health effects, synergistic/antagonistic effects, transgenerational epigenetic effects, and epidemiologic and demographic data of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nur Alam
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ummay Mahfuza Shapla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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17
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Babich R, Hamlin H, Thayer L, Dorr M, Wei Z, Neilson A, Jayasundara N. Mitochondrial response and resilience to anthropogenic chemicals during embryonic development. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 233:108759. [PMID: 32259593 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are integral to maintaining cellular homeostasis. Optimum mitochondrial function is critical during embryonic development, as they play a key role in early signaling cascades and epigenetic programming, in addition to sustaining an adequate energy production. Mitochondria are sensitive targets of environmental toxins, potentially even at levels considered safe under current regulatory limits. Most mitochondrial analyses have focused only on chemical exposure effects in vitro or in isolated mitochondria. However, comparatively little is known about mitochondrial effects of chemical exposure during vertebrate embryogenesis, especially during the recovery phase following a chemical insult. Here, we used the zebrafish (Danio rerio), in a 96-well plate system, to examine mitochondrial effects of 24 chemicals including pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, and agrochemicals. We used oxygen consumption rate (OCR) during embryogenesis as a proxy for mitochondrial function. Embryonic OCR (eOCR) was measured in clean egg water immediately following 24 h of chemical exposure and subsequently for an additional 8 h. Each chemical, dependent upon the concentration, resulted in a unique eOCR response profile. While some eOCR effects were persistent or recoverable over time, some effects were only detected several hours after being removed from the exposure. Non-monotonic dose response effects as well as mitochondrial hormesis were also detected following exposure to some chemicals. Collectively, our study shows that mitochondrial response to chemicals are highly dynamic and warrant careful consideration when determining mitochondrial toxicity of a given chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Babich
- The School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - Heather Hamlin
- The School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - LeeAnne Thayer
- The School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Madeline Dorr
- The Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- The Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | | | - Nishad Jayasundara
- The School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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18
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Kochmanski J, Bernstein AI. The Impact of Environmental Factors on 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in the Brain. Curr Environ Health Rep 2020; 7:109-120. [PMID: 32020534 PMCID: PMC7809708 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aims of this review are to evaluate the methods used to measure 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), and then summarize the available data investigating the impact of environmental factors on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in the brain. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research has shown that some environmental factors, including exposure to exogenous chemicals, stress, altered diet, and exercise, are all associated with 5-hmC variation in the brain. However, due to a lack of specificity in the methods used to generate a majority of the available data, it cannot be determined whether environment-induced changes in 5-hmC occur in specific biological pathways. Environment appears to shape 5-hmC levels in the brain, but the available literature is hampered by limitations in measurement methods. The field of neuroepigenetics needs to adopt new tools to increase the specificity of its data and enhance biological interpretation of exposure-related changes in 5-hmC. This will help improve understanding of the potential roles for environmental factors and 5-hmC in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kochmanski
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Grand Rapids Research Center, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Alison I Bernstein
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Grand Rapids Research Center, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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19
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Chen F, Feng L, Zheng YL, Lu J, Fan SH, Shan Q, Zheng GH, Wang YJ, Wu DM, Li MQ, Wang QQ, Zhang ZF. 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) induces mitochondrial dysfunction and related liver injury via eliciting miR-34a-5p-mediated mitophagy impairment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113693. [PMID: 31838391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is associated with various adverse human health effects; however, the knowledge of its toxicity is still very limited. Mitochondrial injury has been observed in liver cells exposed to BDE-47 in vitro. Mitophagy impairment causes the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, contributing to the pathological mechanisms of liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BDE-47 impairs mitophagy to trigger mitochondrial dysfunction-related liver injury and the underlying mechanisms. This study revealed that BDE-47 elicited mitochondrial dysfunction and related oxidative liver injury by impairing mitophagy. Moreover, our results showed that NAD+ insufficiency is responsible for BDE-47-mediated mitophagy defect and mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse livers, which was associated with suppression of Sirt3/FoxO3a/PINK1 signaling. Furthermore, our results indicated a potential role of miR-34a-5p in the hepatotoxicity of BDE-47. Mechanistically, BDE-47 dramatically upregulated miR-34a-5p expression in mouse livers. The data from AAV-sponge-mediated miR-34a-5p inhibition suggested that miR-34a-5p diminished NAD+ level by directly targeting NAMPT expression in BDE-47-treated mouse livers, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Consequently, miR-34a-5p markedly abated Sirt3/FoxO3a/PINK1 signaling-mediated mitophagy to promote mitochondrial dysfunction in BDE-47-treated mouse livers. The present study provided in vivo evidence to reveal a potential mechanism for BDE-47-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and related liver injury and indicated that miR-34a-5p-mediated mitophagy impairment might be a therapeutic target for BDE-47 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shao-Hua Fan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qu Shan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Gui-Hong Zheng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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20
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Chung FFL, Herceg Z. The Promises and Challenges of Toxico-Epigenomics: Environmental Chemicals and Their Impacts on the Epigenome. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:15001. [PMID: 31950866 PMCID: PMC7015548 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been estimated that a substantial portion of chronic and noncommunicable diseases can be caused or exacerbated by exposure to environmental chemicals. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that early life exposure to environmental chemicals at relatively low concentrations could have lasting effects on individual and population health. Although the potential adverse effects of environmental chemicals are known to the scientific community, regulatory agencies, and the public, little is known about the mechanistic basis by which these chemicals can induce long-term or transgenerational effects. To address this question, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as the potential link between genetic and environmental factors of health and disease. OBJECTIVES We present an overview of epigenetic regulation and a summary of reported evidence of environmental toxicants as epigenetic disruptors. We also discuss the advantages and challenges of using epigenetic biomarkers as an indicator of toxicant exposure, using measures that can be taken to improve risk assessment, and our perspectives on the future role of epigenetics in toxicology. DISCUSSION Until recently, efforts to apply epigenomic data in toxicology and risk assessment were restricted by an incomplete understanding of epigenomic variability across tissue types and populations. This is poised to change with the development of new tools and concerted efforts by researchers across disciplines that have led to a better understanding of epigenetic mechanisms and comprehensive maps of epigenomic variation. With the foundations now in place, we foresee that unprecedented advancements will take place in the field in the coming years. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6104.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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21
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Robinson JF, Kapidzic M, Hamilton EG, Chen H, Puckett KW, Zhou Y, Ona K, Parry E, Wang Y, Park JS, Costello JF, Fisher SJ. Genomic Profiling of BDE-47 Effects on Human Placental Cytotrophoblasts. Toxicol Sci 2019; 167:211-226. [PMID: 30202865 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite gradual legislative efforts to phase out flame retardants (FRs) from the marketplace, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are still widely detected in human maternal and fetal tissues, eg, placenta, due to their continued global application in consumer goods and inherent biological persistence. Recent studies in rodents and human placental cell lines suggest that PBDEs directly cause placental toxicity. During pregnancy, trophoblasts play key roles in uterine invasion, vascular remodeling, and anchoring of the placenta-fetal unit to the mother. Thus, to study the potential consequences of PBDE exposures on human placental development, we used an in vitro model: primary villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs). Following exposures, the endpoints that were evaluated included cytotoxicity, function (migration, invasion), the transcriptome, and the methylome. In a concentration-dependent manner, common PBDE congeners, BDE-47 and -99, significantly reduced cell viability and increased death. Upon exposures to sub-cytotoxic concentrations (≤ 5 µM), we observed BDE-47 accumulation in CTBs with limited evidence of metabolism. At a functional level, BDE-47 hindered the ability of CTBs to migrate and invade. Transcriptomic analyses of BDE-47 effects suggested concentration-dependent changes in gene expression, involving stress pathways, eg, inflammation and lipid/cholesterol metabolism as well as processes underlying trophoblast fate, eg, differentiation, migration, and vascular morphogenesis. In parallel assessments, BDE-47 induced low-level global increases in methylation of CpG islands, including a subset that were proximal to genes with roles in cell adhesion/migration. Thus, using a primary human CTB model, we showed that PBDEs induced alterations at cellular and molecular levels, which could adversely impact placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Mirhan Kapidzic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Emily G Hamilton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Kenisha W Puckett
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Katherine Ona
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Emily Parry
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710
| | - Yunzhu Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
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22
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Liu W, Schlenk D, Liu J. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors and corticosteroid homeostasis are potential targets for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105133. [PMID: 31520960 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have received significant concern, since they ubiquitously exist in the environment and are able to induce adverse health effects on human and wildlife. Increasing evidence shows that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), members of the steroid receptor subfamily, are potential targets for EDCs. GR and MR mediate the actions of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, respectively, which are two main classes of corticosteroids involved in many physiological processes. The effects of EDCs on the homeostasis of these two classes of corticosteroids have also gained more attention recently. This review summarized the effects of environmental GR/MR ligands on receptor activity, and disruption of corticosteroid homeostasis. More than 130 chemicals classified into 7 main categories were reviewed, including metals, metalloids, pesticides, bisphenol analogues, flame retardants, other industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The mechanisms by which EDCs interfere with GR/MR activity are primarily involved in ligand-receptor binding, nuclear translocation of the receptor complex, DNA-receptor binding, and changes in the expression of endogenous GR/MR genes. Besides directly interfering with receptors, enzyme-catalyzed synthesis and prereceptor regulation pathways of corticosteroids are also important targets for EDCs. The collected evidence suggests that corticosteroids and their receptors should be considered as potential targets for safety assessment of EDCs. The recognition of relevant xenobiotics and their underlying mechanisms of action is still a challenge in this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Institute of Hygiene, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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23
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Sharma N, Pasala MS, Prakash A. Mitochondrial DNA: Epigenetics and environment. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:668-682. [PMID: 31335990 PMCID: PMC6941438 DOI: 10.1002/em.22319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of the mitochondrial genome is essential for proper cellular function. For this purpose, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) needs to be faithfully replicated, transcribed, translated, and repaired in the face of constant onslaught from endogenous and environmental agents. Although only 13 polypeptides are encoded within mtDNA, the mitochondrial proteome comprises over 1500 proteins that are encoded by nuclear genes and translocated to the mitochondria for the purpose of maintaining mitochondrial function. Regulation of mtDNA and mitochondrial proteins by epigenetic changes and post-translational modifications facilitate crosstalk between the nucleus and the mitochondria and ultimately lead to the maintenance of cellular health and homeostasis. DNA methyl transferases have been identified in the mitochondria implicating that methylation occurs within this organelle; however, the extent to which mtDNA is methylated has been debated for many years. Mechanisms of demethylation within this organelle have also been postulated, but the exact mechanisms and their outcomes is still an active area of research. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of altered gene expression and ATP production, resulting from epigenetic changes, can lead to various conditions including aging-related neurodegenerative disorders, altered metabolism, changes in circadian rhythm, and cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the epigenetic regulation of mtDNA via methylation, long and short noncoding RNAs, and post-translational modifications of nucleoid proteins (as mitochondria lack histones). We also highlight the influence of xenobiotics such as airborne environmental pollutants, contamination from heavy metals, and therapeutic drugs on mtDNA methylation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 60:668-682, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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24
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Ji H, Liang H, Wang Z, Miao M, Wang X, Zhang X, Wen S, Chen A, Sun X, Yuan W. Associations of prenatal exposures to low levels of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) with thyroid hormones in cord plasma and neurobehavioral development in children at 2 and 4 years. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:105010. [PMID: 31326823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotoxic effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) at low levels have not been well studied in human population, and whether the associations can be explained by thyroid hormones (THs) remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of prenatal PBDE exposures with THs in cord plasma and neurobehavior of children at 2 and 4 years among general population in China. METHODS Participants were mother-child pairs in the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study. Nine PBDE congeners and THs (thyroid stimulating hormone, total thyroxine, free thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, and free triiodothyronine) were determined in cord plasma. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1.5-5) were completed by caregivers to assess children's neurobehavioral development at 2 and 4 years. In the final analyses, 199 and 307 mother-child pairs at 2 and 4 years were included to examine associations of PBDEs with CBCL scores using Pearson-scale-adjusted Poisson regressions, and 339 subjects were included in linear regression models to investigate the associations between PBDEs and THs. RESULTS BDE-47 had the highest detection rate of 83.82% with the median concentration of 0.19 ng/g lipid, followed by BDE-28, -99, -100 and -153 with detection rates nearly 50%. We found positive associations between prenatal PBDE concentrations and children's neurobehavior, including Somatic Complaints, Withdrawn, Sleep Problems and Internalizing Problems in girls, and Somatic Complaints and Attention Problems in boys. We also observed inverse associations of the sum of BDE-47, -28, -99, -100 and -153 with THs. However, by adding THs to the models examining associations between PBDEs and CBCL, the main results didn't measurably change. CONCLUSIONS This study adds new knowledge that prenatal PBDEs at low levels may be related to long-lasting behavioral abnormalities in children and reduced THs in cord plasma. However, the hypothesis that the neurotoxic impact of PBDEs may be explained by alterations in cord THs was not supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Ji
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Dioxin, Institute of Health Inspection and Detection, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Wen
- National Reference Laboratory of Dioxin, Institute of Health Inspection and Detection, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Poston RG, Saha RN. Epigenetic Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Human Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152703. [PMID: 31362383 PMCID: PMC6695782 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of epigenetic regulation by environmental toxins is an emerging area of focus for understanding the latter's impact on human health. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), one such group of toxins, are an environmentally pervasive class of brominated flame retardants that have been extensively used as coatings on a wide range of consumer products. Their environmental stability, propensity for bioaccumulation, and known links to adverse health effects have evoked extensive research to characterize underlying biological mechanisms of toxicity. Of particular concern is the growing body of evidence correlating human exposure levels to behavioral deficits related to neurodevelopmental disorders. The developing nervous system is particularly sensitive to influence by environmental signals, including dysregulation by toxins. Several major modes of actions have been identified, but a clear understanding of how observed effects relate to negative impacts on human health has not been established. Here, we review the current body of evidence for PBDE-induced epigenetic disruptions, including DNA methylation, chromatin dynamics, and non-coding RNA expression while discussing the potential relationship between PBDEs and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Poston
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Ramendra N Saha
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
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26
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Coppedè F, Stoccoro A. Mitoepigenetics and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:86. [PMID: 30837953 PMCID: PMC6389613 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment and increased oxidative stress are common features in neurodegenerative disorders, leading researchers to speculate that epigenetic changes in the mitochondrial DNA (mitoepigenetics) could contribute to neurodegeneration. The few studies performed so far to address this issue revealed impaired methylation levels of the mitochondrial regulatory region (D-loop region) in both animal models, postmortem brain regions, or circulating blood cells of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Those studies also revealed that mtDNA D-loop methylation levels are subjected to a dynamic regulation within the progression of the neurodegenerative process, could be affected by certain neurodegenerative disease-causative mutations, and are inversely correlated with the mtDNA copy number. The methylation levels of other mtDNA regions than the D-loop have been scarcely investigated in human specimens from patients with neurodegenerative disorders or in animal models of the disease, and evidence of impaired methylation levels is often limited to a single study, making it difficult to clarify their correlation with mitochondrial dynamics and gene expression levels in these disorders. Overall, the preliminary results of the studies performed so far are encouraging making mitoepigenetics a timely and attractive field of investigation, but additional research is warranted to clarify the connections among epigenetic changes occurring in the mitochondrial genome, mitochondrial DNA dynamics and gene expression, and the neurodegenerative process.
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27
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Prenatal exposure to oxidative phosphorylation xenobiotics and late-onset Parkinson disease. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 45:24-32. [PMID: 29689408 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset Parkinson disease is a multifactorial and multietiological disorder, age being one of the factors implicated. Genetic and/or environmental factors, such as pesticides, can also be involved. Up to 80% of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra are lost before motor features of the disorder begin to appear. In humans, these neurons are only formed a few weeks after fertilization. Therefore, prenatal exposure to pesticides or industrial chemicals during crucial steps of brain development might also alter their proliferation and differentiation. Oxidative phosphorylation is one of the metabolic pathways sensitive to environmental toxicants and it is crucial for neuronal differentiation. Many inhibitors of this biochemical pathway, frequently found as persistent organic pollutants, affect dopaminergic neurogenesis, promote the degeneration of these neurons and increase the risk of suffering late-onset Parkinson disease. Here, we discuss how an early, prenatal, exposure to these oxidative phosphorylation xenobiotics might trigger a late-onset, old age, Parkinson disease.
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28
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Abstract
The rising toll of chronic and debilitating diseases brought about by the exposure to an ever expanding number of environmental pollutants and socio-economic factors is calling for action. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the effects of environmental exposures can lead to the development of biomarkers that can support the public health fields of both early diagnosis and intervention to limit the burden of environmental diseases. The study of mitochondrial epigenetics carries high hopes to provide important biomarkers of exposure and disease. Mitochondria are in fact on the frontline of the cellular response to the environment. Modifications of the epigenetic factors regulating the mitochondrial activity are emerging as informative tools that can effectively report on the effects of the environment on the phenotype. Here, we will discuss the emerging field of mitochondrial epigenetics. This review describes the main epigenetic phenomena that modify the activity of the mitochondrial DNA including DNA methylation, long and short non-coding RNAs. We will discuss the unique pattern of mitochondrial DNA methylation, describe the challenges of correctly measuring it, and report on the existing studies that have analysed the correlation between environmental exposures and mitochondrial DNA methylation. Finally, we provide a brief account of the therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria currently under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lambertini
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levi Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levi Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Hyang-Min Byun
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Ageing Research Laboratory, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Edwardson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
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29
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Barrow TM, Byun HM, Li X, Smart C, Wang YX, Zhang Y, Baccarelli AA, Guo L. The effect of morphine upon DNA methylation in ten regions of the rat brain. Epigenetics 2018; 12:1038-1047. [PMID: 29111854 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1398296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine is one of the most effective analgesics in medicine. However, its use is associated with the development of tolerance and dependence. Recent studies demonstrating epigenetic changes in the brain after exposure to opiates have provided insight into mechanisms possibly underlying addiction. In this study, we sought to identify epigenetic changes in ten regions of the rat brain following acute and chronic morphine exposure. We analyzed DNA methylation of six nuclear-encoded genes implicated in brain function (Bdnf, Comt, Il1b, Il6, Nr3c1, and Tnf) and three mitochondrially-encoded genes (Mtco1, Mtco2, and Mtco3), and measured global 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC) levels. We observed differential methylation of Bdnf and Il6 in the pons, Nr3c1 in the cerebellum, and Il1b in the hippocampus in response to acute morphine exposure (all P value < 0.05). Chronic exposure was associated with differential methylation of Bdnf and Comt in the pons, Nr3c1 in the hippocampus and Il1b in the medulla oblongata (all P value < 0.05). Global 5mC levels significantly decreased in the superior colliculus following both acute and chronic morphine exposure, and increased in the hypothalamus following chronic exposure. Chronic exposure was also associated with significantly increased global 5hmC levels in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, but significantly decreased in the midbrain. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, highly localized epigenetic changes in the rat brain following acute and chronic morphine exposure. Further work is required to elucidate the potential role of these changes in the formation of tolerance and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Barrow
- a Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , NE2 4HH , United Kingdom
| | - Hyang-Min Byun
- b Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , MA 02115 , USA
| | - Xinyan Li
- c King's Lab , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Chris Smart
- d Institute of Neuroscience , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , NE4 5LP , United Kingdom.,e Northumberland Tyne and Wear Foundation Trust , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , NE3 3XT , United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Xiang Wang
- c King's Lab , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Yacong Zhang
- f Department of Occupational & Environmental Health , School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , China
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- b Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , MA 02115 , USA
| | - Liqiong Guo
- f Department of Occupational & Environmental Health , School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , China
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30
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Messerlian C, Martinez RM, Hauser R, Baccarelli AA. 'Omics' and endocrine-disrupting chemicals - new paths forward. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:740-748. [PMID: 28707677 PMCID: PMC7141602 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of omics - large-scale data-rich biological measurements of the genome - provides new opportunities to advance and strengthen research into endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Although some EDCs have been associated with adverse health effects in humans, our understanding of their impact remains incomplete. Progress in the field has been primarily limited by our inability to adequately estimate and characterize exposure and identify sensitive and measurable outcomes during windows of vulnerability. Evolving omics technologies in genomics, epigenomics and mitochondriomics have the potential to generate data that enhance exposure assessment to include the exposome - the totality of the lifetime exposure burden - and provide biology-based estimates of individual risks. Applying omics technologies to expand our knowledge of individual risk and susceptibility will augment biological data in the prediction of variability and response to disease, thereby further advancing EDC research. Together, refined exposure characterization and enhanced disease-risk prediction will help to bridge crucial gaps in EDC research and create opportunities to move the field towards a new vision - precision public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Rosie M Martinez
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; and at the Laboratory of Precision Environmental Biosciences, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Precision Environmental Biosciences, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032, USA
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31
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Shaw JLA, Judy JD, Kumar A, Bertsch P, Wang MB, Kirby JK. Incorporating Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance into Ecological Risk Assessment Frameworks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9433-9445. [PMID: 28745897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to environmental contaminants can induce heritable "transgenerational" modifications to organisms, potentially affecting future ecosystem health and functionality. Incorporating transgenerational epigenetic heritability into risk assessment procedures has been previously suggested. However, a critical review of existing literature yielded numerous studies claiming transgenerational impacts, with little compelling evidence. Therefore, contaminant-induced epigenetic inheritance may be less common than is reported in the literature. We identified a need for multigeneration epigenetic studies that extend beyond what could be deemed "direct exposure" to F1 and F2 gametes and also include subsequent multiple nonexposed generations to adequately evaluate transgenerational recovery times. Also, increased experimental replication is required to account for the highly variable nature of epigenetic responses and apparent irreproducibility of current studies. Further, epigenetic end points need to be correlated with observable detrimental organism changes before a need for risk management can be properly determined. We suggest that epigenetic-based contaminant studies include concentrations lower than current "EC10-20" or "Lowest Observable Effect Concentrations" for the organism's most sensitive phenotypic end point, as higher concentrations are likely already regulated. Finally, we propose a regulatory framework and optimal experimental design that enables transgenerational epigenetic effects to be assessed and incorporated into conventional ecotoxicological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L A Shaw
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Land and Water, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Research Program, Waite Road, Urrbrae, Adelaide Australia , 5064
| | - Jonathan D Judy
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Land and Water, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Research Program, Waite Road, Urrbrae, Adelaide Australia , 5064
- University of Florida , Soil and Water Sciences Department, 1692 McCarthy Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Land and Water, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Research Program, Waite Road, Urrbrae, Adelaide Australia , 5064
| | - Paul Bertsch
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and Water , Brisbane, Queensland Australia , 4001
| | - Ming-Bo Wang
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Agriculture and Food Unit, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia , 2601
| | - Jason K Kirby
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Land and Water, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Research Program, Waite Road, Urrbrae, Adelaide Australia , 5064
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32
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Zhu Y, Tan YQ, Leung LK. Exposure to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether at late gestation modulates placental signaling molecules in the mouse model. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:289-295. [PMID: 28448910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants generally employed in manufacturing household items. Surface water may remove and carry these chemicals to the drainage upon disposal of the items, and ultimately the chemicals enter our food chain. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is a PBDE congener commonly found in contaminated seafood. The placenta is the site of nutrient exchange and is responsible for reproductive hormone secretion during pregnancy. In the present study, pregnant ICR mice were given p.o. daily doses of BDE-47 at 0, 0.36, 3.6, 36 mg/kg for 4 days (from E13.5 to E16.5). Compared to the control group, increased rates of stillborn and low birth weight were observed in mice treated with 36 mg BDE-47/kg. Plasma testosterone and progesterone levels were reduced in mice treated with 36 mg BDE-47/kg. In addition, the group treated with 3.6 mg/kg of BDE-47 displayed decreased growth hormone (Gh) peptide expression in the placental tissue extracted at E17.5. As this peptide stimulates growth, the expression pattern might suggest compromised fetal development. Further analysis indicated that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) were activated in the placental tissue of the BDE-47-treatment groups. The activation of these signaling molecules might affect the hormonal and other physiological functions in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Yan Qin Tan
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Lai K Leung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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Park BM, Yoon OJ, Lee DH. Global DNA Methylation Patterns and Gene Expression Associated with Obesity-Susceptibility in Offspring of Pregnant Sprague-Dawley Rats Exposed to BDE-47 and BDE-209. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2017.49.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Min Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Guo L, Li PH, Li H, Colicino E, Colicino S, Wen Y, Zhang R, Feng X, Barrow TM, Cayir A, Baccarelli AA, Byun HM. Effects of environmental noise exposure on DNA methylation in the brain and metabolic health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 153:73-82. [PMID: 27914298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental noise exposure is associated with adverse effects on human health including hearing loss, heart disease, and changes in stress-related hormone levels. Alteration in DNA methylation in response to environmental exposures is a well-known phenomenon and it is implicated in many human diseases. Understanding how environmental noise exposures affect DNA methylation patterns may help to elucidate the link between noise and adverse effects on health. In this pilot study we examined the effects of environmental noise exposure on DNA methylation of genes related to brain function and investigated whether these changes are related with metabolic health. We exposed four groups of male Wistar rats to moderate intensity noise (70-75dB with 20-4000Hz) at night for three days as short-term exposure, and for three weeks as long-term exposure. Noise exposure was limited to 45dB during the daytime. Control groups were exposed to only 45dB, day and night. We measured DNA methylation in the Bdnf, Comt, Crhr1, Mc2r, and Snca genes in tissue from four brain regions of the rats (hippocampus, frontal lobe, medulla oblongata, and inferior colliculus). Further, we measured blood pressure and body weight after long-term noise exposure. We found that environmental noise exposure is associated with gene-specific DNA methylation changes in specific regions of the brain. Changes in DNA methylation are significantly associated with changes in body weight (between Bdnf DNA methylation and Δ body weight: r=0.59, p=0.018; and between LINE-1 ORF DNA methylation and Δ body weight: =-0.80, p=0.0004). We also observed that noise exposure decreased blood pressure (p=0.038 for SBP, p=0.017 for DBP and p 0. 017 for MAP) and decreased body weight (β=-26g, p=0.008). In conclusion, environmental noise exposures can induce changes in DNA methylation in the brain, which may be associated with adverse effects upon metabolic health through modulation of response to stress-related hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Guo
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Peng-Hui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Elena Colicino
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Silvia Colicino
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Radiology, No. 531 Hospital of the PLA, Tonghua, Jilin 134000, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Department of Radiology, No. 531 Hospital of the PLA, Tonghua, Jilin 134000, China
| | - Xiaotian Feng
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Timothy M Barrow
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Akin Cayir
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Hyang-Min Byun
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Contextual adversity, telomere erosion, pubertal development, and health: Two models of accelerated aging, or one? Dev Psychopathol 2016; 28:1367-1383. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo independent lines of inquiry suggest that growing up under conditions of contextual adversity (e.g., poverty and household chaos) accelerates aging and undermines long-term health. Whereas work addressing the developmental origins of health and disease highlights accelerated-aging effects of contextual adversity on telomere erosion, that informed by an evolutionary analysis of reproductive strategies highlights such effects with regard to pubertal development (in females). That both shorter telomeres early in life and earlier age of menarche are associated with poor health later in life raises the prospect, consistent with evolutionary life-history theory, that these two bodies of theory and research are tapping into the same evolutionary–developmental process whereby longer term health costs are traded off for increased probability of reproducing before dying via a process of accelerated aging. Here we make the case for such a claim, while highlighting biological processes responsible for these effects, as well as unknowns in the epigenetic equation that might instantiate these contextually regulated developmental processes.
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Ghosh S, Singh KK, Sengupta S, Scaria V. Mitoepigenetics: The different shades of grey. Mitochondrion 2015; 25:60-6. [PMID: 26437363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications of the nuclear genome have been well studied and it is established that these modifications play a key role in nuclear gene expression. However, the status of mitochondrial epigenetic modifications has not been delved in detail. The recent technological advancements in the genome analyzing tools and techniques, have helped in investigating mitochondrial epigenetic modifications with greater resolution and studies have indicated a regulatory role of the mitochondrial epigenome. Association of mitochondrial DNA methylation with various disease conditions, drug treatment, aging, exposure to environmental pollutants etc. has lent credence to this belief. Herein, we have reviewed studies on mitochondrial epigenetic modifications with a focus to comprehend its regulatory role in gene expression and disease association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ghosh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi, 110 020 Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR IGIB South Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110020 Delhi, India
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Departments of Genetics, Pathology, Environmental Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Center for Free Radical Biology, Center for Aging and UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA 35294
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi, 110 020 Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR IGIB South Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110020 Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi, 110 020 Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR IGIB South Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110020 Delhi, India.
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Aberrant 5'-CpG Methylation of Cord Blood TNFα Associated with Maternal Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138815. [PMID: 26406892 PMCID: PMC4583495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that maternal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals during pregnancy may lead to poor pregnancy outcomes and increased fetal susceptibility to adult diseases. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are ubiquitously used flame-retardants, could leach into the environment; and become persistent organic pollutants via bioaccumulation. In the United States, blood PBDE levels in adults range from 30–100 ng/g- lipid but the alarming health concern revolves around children who have reported blood PBDE levels 3 to 9-fold higher than adults. PBDEs disrupt endocrine, immune, reproductive and nervous systems. However, the mechanism underlying its adverse health effect is not fully understood. Epigenetics is a possible biological mechanism underlying maternal exposure-child health outcomes by regulating gene expression without changes in the DNA sequence. We sought to examine the relationship between maternal exposure to environmental PBDEs and promoter methylation of a proinflammatory gene, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). We measured the maternal blood PBDE levels and cord blood TNFα promoter methylation levels on 46 paired samples of maternal and cord blood from the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC). We showed that decreased cord blood TNFα methylation associated with high maternal PBDE47 exposure. CpG site-specific methylation showed significantly hypomethylation in the girl whose mother has a high blood PBDE47 level. Consistently, decreased TNFα methylation associated with an increase in TNFα protein level in cord blood. In conclusion, our finding provided evidence that in utero exposure to PBDEs may epigenetically reprogram the offspring’s immunological response through promoter methylation of a proinflammatory gene.
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