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Li X, Wang Q, Liu F, Lu Y, Zhou X. Quantifying the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer processes of heavy metals based on the food web: A case study from freshwater wetland in northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172290. [PMID: 38599391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The contamination of wetlands by heavy metals, exacerbated by agricultural activities, presents a threat to both organisms and humans. Heavy metals may undergo trophic transfer through the food web. However, the methods for quantifying the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer processes of heavy metals based on the food web remains unclear. In this study, we employed stable isotope technology to construct a quantitative oriental white stork's typical food web model under a more accurate scaled Δ15N framework. On this basis, the concentrations for heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb) were analyzed, we innovatively visualized the trophic transfer process of heavy metals across 13 nodes and 45 links and quantified the transfer flux based on the diet proportions and heavy metal concentrations of species, taking into account biomagnification effects and potential risks. Our findings revealed that as for Cu and Pb, the transfer flux level was consistent with diet proportion across most links. While Hg and Zn transfer flux level exceeded the corresponding diet proportion in the majority of links. In summary, Hg exhibited a significant biomagnification, whereas Cu, Zn, Pb experienced biodilution. The fish dietary health risk assessment for fish consumers showed that Hg, Pb posed certain risks. This research marks a significant step forward in the quantitative assessment of multi-link networks involving heavy metals within the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchun Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130102, China
| | - Fangzheng Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Xuehong Zhou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China.
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Fiard M, Militon C, Sylvi L, Migeot J, Michaud E, Jézéquel R, Gilbert F, Bihannic I, Devesa J, Dirberg G, Cuny P. Uncovering potential mangrove microbial bioindicators to assess urban and agricultural pressures on Martinique island in the eastern Caribbean Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172217. [PMID: 38583633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Martinique's mangroves, which cover 1.85 ha of the island (<0.1 % of the total area), are considerably vulnerable to local urban, agricultural, and industrial pollutants. Unlike for temperate ecosystems, there are limited indicators that can be used to assess the anthropogenic pressures on mangroves. This study investigated four stations on Martinique Island, with each being subject to varying anthropogenic pressures. An analysis of mangrove sediment cores approximately 18 cm in depth revealed two primary types of pressures on Martinique mangroves: (i) an enrichment in organic matter in the two stations within the highly urbanized bay of Fort-de-France and (ii) agricultural pressure observed in the four studied mangrove stations. This pressure was characterized by contamination, exceeding the regulatory thresholds, with dieldrin, total DDT, and metals (As, Cu and Ni) found in phytosanitary products. The mangroves of Martinique are subjected to varying degrees of anthropogenic pressure, but all are subjected to contamination by organochlorine pesticides. Mangroves within the bay of Fort-de-France experience notably higher pressures compared to those in the island's northern and southern regions. In these contexts, the microbial communities exhibited distinct responses. The microbial biomass and the abundance of bacteria and archaea were higher in the two less-impacted stations, while in the mangrove of Fort-de-France, various phyla typically associated with polluted environments were more prevalent. These differences in the microbiota composition led to the identification of 65 taxa, including Acanthopleuribacteraceae, Spirochaetaceae, and Pirellulaceae, that could potentially serve as indicators of an anthropogenic influence on the mangrove sediments of Martinique Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Fiard
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Cécile Militon
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Léa Sylvi
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Jonathan Migeot
- Impact Mer consulting, expertise, and R&D firm, 20 rue Karukéra, 97200 Fort de France, Martinique/FWI, France.
| | - Emma Michaud
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Ronan Jézéquel
- CEDRE, 715 rue Alain Colas, 29218 Brest CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Franck Gilbert
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Jeremy Devesa
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Guillaume Dirberg
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR 8067 BOREA) Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, IRD, UCN, UA, Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Cuny
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, 13288 Marseille, France.
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Quintela FM, da Silva FA, Correa F, Carvalho FR, Galiano D, Pires MCO, Galatti U. Essential and Non-Essential Elements Levels in Fish Species Highly Consumed in the Middle Miranda River, Brazilian Pantanal. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00244-024-01072-y. [PMID: 38853170 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the levels of As, Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn in muscle samples of six fish species (Pygocentrus nattereri, Serrasalmus marginatus, Mylossoma duriventre, Leporinus friderici, Pimelodus argenteus, and P. pantaneiro) highly consumed by local riverine and non-resident people in middle Miranda River, southern Brazilian Pantanal. Significant differences were detected for Ba, Fe, Mn, and Zn levels among the analyzed species. Pairwise comparison detected significant differences in element levels between species with similar diets, which implies that other factors, instead of species' feeding habits, could be involved in distinct levels of element bioaccumulation. Significant correlations between body size and concentrations were found for Ba in P. nattereri (moderate positive correlation), and for Mn in M. duriventre (weak positive correlation) and P. argenteus (moderate negative correlation). Levels exceeding tolerable daily intake (TDI) were found for Pb maximum concentrations in P. nattereri, M. duriventre, L. friderici, P. argenteus, and P. pantaneiro, and for Cd maximum concentration in P. argenteus. Health risk assessment indicated considerable risk only for the worst-case scenario (calculated from maximum concentrations) for all species. Adopting a Pb monitoring program in biotic and abiotic compartments in Miranda River is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Marques Quintela
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas do Pantanal - INPP, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, no 2367, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano Aguiar da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Biociências, Cidade Universitária s/n, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Correa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Morro Do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, MA, 65600-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogério Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Câmpus de Três Lagoas, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Avenida Ranulpho Marques Leal, 3484, Três Lagoas, MS, 79613-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Galiano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Câmpus Erechim. ERS-135 - Km 72, no 200, Erechim, RS, 99700-970, Brazil
| | | | - Ulisses Galatti
- Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - MPEG, Av. Perimetral, no 1901, Belém, PA, 66077-830, Brazil
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Homa J, Konończuk K, Frankowski R, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Ławniczak Ł, Chrzanowski Ł, Stachowiak W, Niemczak M. Cations impact the biodegradation of iodosulfuron-methyl herbicidal ionic liquids by fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38849972 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2357696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In the framework of this study, six fungal isolates which demonstrated a high capability for biodegrading iodosulphuron-methyl sodium as well as herbicidal ionic liquids based on this herbicide were isolated from different soil samples. The isolates were identified based on the ITS region, whereas biodegradation residues were determined based on LC-MS/MS. Depending on the isolate, the half-lives values of the biodegraded herbicide or herbicidal ionic liquid ranged significantly from just 1.25 days to more than 40 days. The research findings unveiled that the structure of cations is a central limiting factor affecting fungal growth and herbicide transformation in case of ionic liquids. The length of the alkyl chain has been identified as the primary driver of herbicide toxicity, emphasizing the importance of structural factors in herbicide design. In cases when dodecyl(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethyl cation was used, its biodegradation ranged from 0 to approx. 20% and the biodegradability of the iodosulfuron-methyl was notably limited for the majority of the studied isolates. This knowledge provides guidance for development and selection of herbicides with reduced environmental impact. This study highlights the ecological importance of soil fungi, their potential role in herbicide biodegradation, the influence of cations on fungal growth and herbicide transformation, and the structural factors governing herbicide toxicity. Further research in these areas may lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly approaches to herbicide management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homa
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kosma Konończuk
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Frankowski
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Ławniczak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Witold Stachowiak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
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Huang Y, Zhu M, Lan H, Huang D, Lan M, Huang Y. Carane-3,4-diol Derivatives as Potential Water-Based Herbicides. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301867. [PMID: 38581645 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Twelve novel carane-3,4-diol derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their herbicidal activities against Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Brassica campestris for the first time. The relationships between the chemical structural factors, including types, the number or the carbon chain length of functional groups, associated with the lipophilicity and the herbicidal activity of the tested compounds were also discussed. The results showed that most of newly synthesized compounds had a dose-dependent, herbicidal activity against the root and shoot growths of Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Brassica campestris. Compared to carane-3,4-diol, most of the target derivatives possessed improved lipophilicity and certain solubilities in representative solvents with different polarities. Particularly, ester derivatives 3a-3b and 3e can be dissolved or dispersed in water, but also displayed higher herbicidal activity against Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Brassica campestris than other ester derivatives. The 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of compound 3e against shoot growth of Brassica campestris (0.485 mmol/L) was superior to that of commercial herbicide glyphosate (1.14 mmol/L), indicating that the potential application as a water-based herbicide for Brassica campestris control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Huang
- School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530105, China
| | - Maomao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530008, China
| | - Hongyun Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530008, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, China
| | - Daozhan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530008, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, China
| | - Mengna Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530008, China
| | - Yanning Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530008, China
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Mazuryk J, Klepacka K, Kutner W, Sharma PS. Glyphosate: Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Hemotoxicity, Carcinogenicity, and Clinical Cases of Endocrine, Reproductive, Cardiovascular, and Pulmonary System Intoxication. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1205-1236. [PMID: 38751624 PMCID: PMC11092036 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLP) is an active agent of GLP-based herbicides (GBHs), i.e., broad-spectrum and postemergent weedkillers, commercialized by Monsanto as, e.g., Roundup and RangerPro formulants. The GBH crop spraying, dedicated to genetically engineered GLP-resistant crops, has revolutionized modern agriculture by increasing the production yield. However, abusively administered GBHs' ingredients, e.g., GLP, polyoxyethyleneamine, and heavy metals, have polluted environmental and industrial areas far beyond farmlands, causing global contamination and life-threatening risk, which has led to the recent local bans of GBH use. Moreover, preclinical and clinical reports have demonstrated harmful impacts of GLP and other GBH ingredients on the gut microbiome, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, and endocrine, as well as reproductive, and cardiopulmonary systems, whereas carcinogenicity of these herbicides remains controversial. Occupational exposure to GBH dysregulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, responsible for steroidogenesis and endocrinal secretion, thus affecting hormonal homeostasis, functions of reproductive organs, and fertility. On the other hand, acute intoxication with GBH, characterized by dehydration, oliguria, paralytic ileus, as well as hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis, may occur fatally. As no antidote has been developed for GBH poisoning so far, the detoxification is mainly symptomatic and supportive and requires intensive care based on gastric lavage, extracorporeal blood filtering, and intravenous lipid emulsion infusion. The current review comprehensively discusses the molecular and physiological basics of the GLP- and/or GBH-induced diseases of the endocrine and reproductive systems, and cardiopulmonary-, nephro-, and hepatotoxicities, presented in recent preclinical studies and case reports on the accidental or intentional ingestions with the most popular GBHs. Finally, they briefly describe modern and future healthcare methods and tools for GLP detection, determination, and detoxification. Future electronically powered, decision-making, and user-friendly devices targeting major GLP/GBH's modes of actions, i.e., dysbiosis and the inhibition of AChE, shall enable self-handled or point-of-care professional-assisted evaluation of the harm followed with rapid capturing GBH xenobiotics in the body and precise determining the GBH pathology-associated biomarkers levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Mazuryk
- Department
of Electrode Processes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Bio
& Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Klepacka
- ENSEMBLE sp. z o. o., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Kutner
- Department
of Electrode Processes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Functional
Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Klátyik S, Takács E, Barócsi A, Lenk S, Kocsányi L, Darvas B, Székács A. Hormesis, the Individual and Combined Phytotoxicity of the Components of Glyphosate-Based Formulations on Algal Growth and Photosynthetic Activity. TOXICS 2024; 12:257. [PMID: 38668480 PMCID: PMC11055126 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of the market-leading glyphosate active ingredient in surface waters is a globally observed phenomenon. Although co-formulants in pesticide formulations were considered inactive components from the aspects of the required main biological effect of the pesticide, several studies have proven the high individual toxicity of formulating agents, as well as the enhanced combined toxicity of the active ingredients and other components. Since the majority of active ingredients are present in the form of chemical mixtures in our environment, the possible combined toxicity between active ingredients and co-formulants is particularly important. To assess the individual and combined phytotoxicity of the components, glyphosate was tested in the form of pure active ingredient (glyphosate isopropylammonium salt) and herbicide formulations (Roundup Classic and Medallon Premium) formulated with a mixture of polyethoxylated tallow amines (POEA) or alkyl polyglucosides (APG), respectively. The order of acute toxicity was as follows for Roundup Classic: glyphosate < herbicide formulation < POEA. However, the following order was demonstrated for Medallon Premium: herbicide formulation < glyphosate < APG. Increased photosynthetic activity was detected after the exposure to the formulation (1.5-5.8 mg glyphosate/L and 0.5-2.2 mg POEA/L) and its components individually (glyphosate: 13-27.2 mg/L, POEA: 0.6-4.8 mg/L), which indicates hormetic effects. However, decreased photosynthetic activity was detected at higher concentrations of POEA (19.2 mg/L) and Roundup Classic (11.6-50.6 mg glyphosate/L). Differences were demonstrated in the sensitivity of the selected algae species and, in addition to the individual and combined toxicity of the components presented in the glyphosate-based herbicides. Both of the observed inhibitory and stimulating effects can adversely affect the aquatic ecosystems and water quality of surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szandra Klátyik
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (S.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Eszter Takács
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (S.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Attila Barócsi
- Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Sándor Lenk
- Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.L.); (L.K.)
| | - László Kocsányi
- Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Béla Darvas
- Hungarian Society of Ecotoxicology, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - András Székács
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (S.K.); (E.T.)
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8
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Li Q, Imran. Mitigation strategies for heavy metal toxicity and its negative effects on soil and plants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38494751 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2327611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution threatens food security by accumulating in crops and soils, posing a significant challenge to modern agriculture due to its high toxicity. Urgent action is needed to restore affected agricultural fields. An efficient way to remove toxins is by bioremediation, which uses microorganisms. With the purpose of restoring soil in agriculture, this research attempts to assemble a consortium of microorganisms isolated from techno-genic soil. A number of promising strains, including Pseudomonas putida, Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens were chosen based on their capacity to eliminate heavy metals from tests. Heavy metal removal (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, and Ni) and phytohormone production have been shown to be effective using consortiums (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens in a 1:1:2). In instances with mixed heavy-metal contamination, aeruginosa demonstrated efficacy because of its notable ability to absorb substantial quantities of heavy metals. The capacity of the cooperation to improve phytoremediation was investigated, with an emphasis on soil cleanup in agricultural areas. When combined with Sorghum bicolor L., it was able to remove roughly 16% As, 14% Hg, 32% Ni, 26% Cd, and 33% Pb from the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanheng Li
- Research Center for Earth System Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Imran
- College of Engineering, Agriculture Aviation Innovation Lab, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan
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9
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Kolić D, Pehar V, Kovarik Z. Environmental exposure to glyphosate does not inhibit human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2024; 75:76-80. [PMID: 38548375 PMCID: PMC10978157 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate has remained the leading herbicide on the global market to date, despite the continuous debate between consumers, scientific community, and regulatory agencies over its carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, environmental persistence, and the role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Chemically, glyphosate belongs to a large family of organophosphorus pesticides, which exert a neurotoxic effect by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), enzymes of the cholinergic system essential for maintaining neurotransmission. Although research shows that glyphosate is a weak cholinesterase inhibitor in fish and mammals compared to other OP compounds, no conclusive data exist concerning the inhibition of human AChE and BChE. In our study we analysed its inhibitory potency on human AChE and BChE, by establishing its IC50 and reversible inhibition in terms of dissociation inhibition constants. Glyphosate concentration of 40 mmol/L caused near total inhibition of enzyme activity (approx. 10 % activity remaining). Inhibition dissociation constants (K i) of glyphosate-AChE and -BChE complexes were 28.4±2.7 mmol/L and 19.3±1.8 mmol/L, respectively. In conclusion, glyphosate shows a slight binding preference for BChE but exhibits inhibition only in a high concentration range. Our results are in line with studies reporting that its neurotoxic effect is not primarily linked to the cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Kolić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Pehar
- Dr Franjo Tuđman Croatian Defence Academy, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Seralini GE. Pesticides in Formulations: New Revolutionary Findings. TOXICS 2024; 12:151. [PMID: 38393246 PMCID: PMC10893184 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Everything began with the discovery that pesticides have long had unintended side effects on non-target species, which is illustrated by Ponepal et al [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles-Eric Seralini
- Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Environment and Faculty of Sciences, University of Caen Normandy, 14032 Caen, France
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11
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Kimbi Yaah VB, Ahmadi S, Quimbayo M J, Morales-Torres S, Ojala S. Recent technologies for glyphosate removal from aqueous environment: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117477. [PMID: 37918766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for food has led to an increase in the use of herbicides and pesticides over the years. One of the most widely used herbicides is glyphosate (GLY). It has been used extensively since 1974 for weed control and is currently classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a Group 2A substance, probably carcinogenic to humans. The industry and academia have some disagreements regarding GLY toxicity in humans and its effects on the environment. Even though this herbicide is not mentioned in the WHO water guidelines, some countries have decided to set maximum acceptable concentrations in tap water, while others have decided to ban its use in crop production completely. Researchers around the world have employed different technologies to remove or degrade GLY, mostly at the laboratory scale. Water treatment plants combine different technologies to remove it alongside other water pollutants, in some cases achieving acceptable removal efficiencies. Certainly, there are many challenges in upscaling purification technologies due to the costs and lack of factual information about their adverse effects. This review presents different technologies that have been used to remove GLY from water since 2012 to date, its detection and removal methods, challenges, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velma Beri Kimbi Yaah
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu. Oulu, Finland; NanoTech - Nanomaterials and Sustainable Chemical Technologies. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Sajad Ahmadi
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu. Oulu, Finland
| | - Jennyffer Quimbayo M
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu. Oulu, Finland; Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit (NANOMO), Faculty of Science, University of Oulu. Oulu, Finland
| | - Sergio Morales-Torres
- NanoTech - Nanomaterials and Sustainable Chemical Technologies. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Satu Ojala
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu. Oulu, Finland
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Mayora G, Sagardoy ME, Repetti MR, Paira A, Frau D, Gutierrez MF. Spatiotemporal patterns of multiple pesticide residues in central Argentina streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167014. [PMID: 37716677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of surface waters is a global threat, with particular concern about pesticides due to their severe negative effects on ecosystem functioning and human health. The aims of this study were to identify the spatiotemporal patterns of water and sediment quality, and the key variables related to the variation in pesticide pollution (122 compounds), in headwater streams (surrounding land uses: crop or mixed crop-livestock systems) and floodplain streams (surrounding land uses: urban development or natural wetland) of the Paraná River basin in the central area of Argentina. We found significant differences in water and sediment quality related to local land uses among headwater streams, but not among floodplain streams. These differences were more noticeable during spring than during autumn. Pesticides were widespread in all the streams, independently of the surrounding land use, reflecting the combination of local inputs and the role of floodplain hydrological connectivity in transporting pollutants from upstream sources. The most frequently detected compound was atrazine (75 %), whereas the highest concentration of an individual compound was observed for the glyphosate metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA, up to 4 μg L-1). The significant explanatory variables for pesticide pollution were turbidity, chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), sub-basin area, side slope of streams (positive relations), wetland cover, and precipitations (negative relations). Our results can be useful for the design of monitoring programs that capture the spatial and temporal variability of pesticide pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Mayora
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología (FCyT-UADER), Ruta Provincial 11 km 10,5, C.P. E3100 Oro Verde, Argentina.
| | - María Emilia Sagardoy
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Rosa Repetti
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química (FIQ-UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Aldo Paira
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas (FICH-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego Frau
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (ESS-FBCB-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Patriarcheas D, Momtareen T, Gallagher JEG. Yeast of Eden: microbial resistance to glyphosate from a yeast perspective. Curr Genet 2023; 69:203-212. [PMID: 37269314 PMCID: PMC10716058 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-023-01272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
First marketed as RoundUp, glyphosate is history's most popular herbicide because of its low acute toxicity to metazoans and broad-spectrum effectiveness across plant species. The development of glyphosate-resistant crops has led to increased glyphosate use and consequences from the use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH). Glyphosate has entered the food supply, spurred glyphosate-resistant weeds, and exposed non-target organisms to glyphosate. Glyphosate targets EPSPS/AroA/Aro1 (orthologs across plants, bacteria, and fungi), the rate-limiting step in the production of aromatic amino acids from the shikimate pathway. Metazoans lacking this pathway are spared from acute toxicity and acquire their aromatic amino acids from their diet. However, glyphosate resistance is increasing in non-target organisms. Mutations and natural genetic variation discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae illustrate similar types of glyphosate resistance mechanisms in fungi, plants, and bacteria, in addition to known resistance mechanisms such as mutations in Aro1 that block glyphosate binding (target-site resistance (TSR)) and mutations in efflux drug transporters non-target-site resistance (NTSR). Recently, genetic variation and mutations in an amino transporter affecting glyphosate resistance have uncovered potential off-target effects of glyphosate in fungi and bacteria. While glyphosate is a glycine analog, it is transported into cells using an aspartic/glutamic acid (D/E) transporter. The size, shape, and charge distribution of glyphosate closely resembles D/E, and, therefore, glyphosate is a D/E amino acid mimic. The mitochondria use D/E in several pathways and mRNA-encoding mitochondrial proteins are differentially expressed during glyphosate exposure. Mutants downstream of Aro1 are not only sensitive to glyphosate but also a broad range of other chemicals that cannot be rescued by exogenous supplementation of aromatic amino acids. Glyphosate also decreases the pH when unbuffered and many studies do not consider the differences in pH that affect toxicity and resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios Patriarcheas
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Taizina Momtareen
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jennifer E G Gallagher
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Bracamonte-Terán JA, Meza-Figueroa D, García-Rico L, Schiavo B, Meza-Montenegro MM, Valenzuela-Quintanar AI. Agricultural abandoned lands as emission sources of dust containing metals and pesticides in the Sonora-Arizona Desert. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1496. [PMID: 37982889 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This investigation examines the transport of metal- and pesticide-polluted dust emitted by one of the most relevant agricultural areas of Northwestern Mexico. In the contaminated area, an excessive water extraction of the aquifer and seawater intrusion caused the abandonment of fields, which are pollutant-loaded dust emitters. We used air mass forward trajectories (HYSPLIT) model to obtain particle trajectories in the wind and the use of banned pesticides as geochemical tracers for dust transported by wind. Fifty dust samples from 10 agriculture fields and 26 roof dust of a city close to the agricultural area were analyzed for their contents of zirconium, lead, arsenic, zinc, copper, iron, manganese, vanadium, and titanium, by portable X-ray fluorescence. Nine pesticides were analyzed in the roof dust and agricultural soil samples by gas chromatography. Results show that the distribution of metals was significantly different between active and abandoned fields. Arsenic-lead-copper was mainly concentrated in abandoned fields, while zinc-iron-manganese-titanium was dominant in active fields. Two potential sources of metal contamination were found by principal component analysis (PCA): (I) a mixture of traffic and agricultural sources and (II) a group related to agricultural activities. The occurrence of banned pesticides in dust deposited on roofs collected at nearby cities confirms the atmospheric transport from the agricultural area. The HYSPLIT results indicated that the dust emitted from agricultural fields can reach up to the neighboring states of Sonora, Mexico, and the USA. The impacts that these emissions can have on human health should be studied in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Arturo Bracamonte-Terán
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Carretera Gustavo E. Astiazarán Rosas 46, La Victoria, 83304, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Diana Meza-Figueroa
- División de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, 83000, Hermosillo, Mexico.
| | - Leticia García-Rico
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Carretera Gustavo E. Astiazarán Rosas 46, La Victoria, 83304, Hermosillo, Mexico.
| | - Benedetto Schiavo
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ana Isabel Valenzuela-Quintanar
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Carretera Gustavo E. Astiazarán Rosas 46, La Victoria, 83304, Hermosillo, Mexico
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Jain M, Sharma BM, Sachdeva S, Kuta J, Červenka R, Nizzetto L, Kukreti P, Bharat GK, Chakraborty P. Occurrence, Source and Dietary Exposure of Toxic and Essential Elements in the Indian Food Basket. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 85:466-484. [PMID: 37650953 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, representative urban and peri-urban Indian food baskets have been studied for the presence of toxic and essential elements. The concentration of target toxic and essential elements was used to estimate dietary intakes (EDIs) and health risks. Across all food matrices, toxic elements like Cd and Pb were dominant. The highest concentrations of the target elements were found in vegetables, with Cd, Pb, and Ni being beyond permissible limits of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health organization (0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively) in okra, spinach, and cauliflower. The sum of concentrations of the toxic elements (As, Ni, Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb) in vegetables had a range of 0.54-12.08 mg/kg, the highest sum was found in spinach (median 12.08 mg/kg), followed by okra (median 1.68 mg/kg). The EDI was observed for vegetables with a contribution as high as 92% for Cd. Dairy products were found with the highest loading for Ni with a dietary intake of 3.1 mg/kg/day for adults and twice as much for children. Carcinogenic risk for Ni was the highest and found above the threshold for all food categories, as was the case with As. Cumulative carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were mostly contributed by milk and vegetables, in particular, spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Jain
- Mu Gamma Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Sector-50, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122018, India
- Manav Rachna International University, Sector 43, Faridabad, Haryana, 121004, India
| | - Brij Mohan Sharma
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarita Sachdeva
- Manav Rachna International University, Sector 43, Faridabad, Haryana, 121004, India
| | - Jan Kuta
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rostislav Červenka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo, 0349, Norway
| | - Praveen Kukreti
- The Energy and Resources Institute, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Girija K Bharat
- Mu Gamma Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Sector-50, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122018, India
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Group, Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate Change (REACH), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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González-Moscoso M, Meza-Figueroa D, Martínez-Villegas NV, Pedroza-Montero MR. GLYPHOSATE IMPACT on human health and the environment: Sustainable alternatives to replace it in Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139810. [PMID: 37598951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide used to control weeds and protect agricultural crops, and it is classified as potentially carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In Mexico, the use of pesticides is a common practice, including glyphosate. However, on December 31st, 2020, the Mexican government decreed the prohibition of this herbicide as of January 2024. In this review, we investigate the association between glyphosate and cancer risk and found that most of the studies focused using animals showing negative effects such as genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity, some studies used cancer cell lines showing proliferative effects due to glyphosate exposure. To our knowledge, in Mexico, there are no scientific reports on the association of glyphosate with any type of cancer. In addition, we reviewed the toxicological effects of the herbicide glyphosate, and the specific case of the current situation of the use and environmental damage of this herbicide in Mexico. We found that few studies have been published on glyphosate, and that the largest number of publications are from the International Agency for Research on Cancer classification to date. Additionally, we provide data on glyphosate stimulation at low doses as a biostimulant in crops and analytical monitoring techniques for the detection of glyphosates in different matrices. Finally, we have tried to summarize the actions of the Mexican government to seek sustainable alternatives and replace the use of glyphosate, to obtain food free of this herbicide and take care of the health of the population and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magín González-Moscoso
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Chiapas (UPChiapas), Carretera Tuxtla Gutierrez.-Portillo Zaragoza Km 21+500, Col. Las Brisas, Suchiapa, 29150, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Diana Meza-Figueroa
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Martín Rafael Pedroza-Montero
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
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Gekière A, Vanderplanck M, Michez D. Trace metals with heavy consequences on bees: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165084. [PMID: 37379929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The pervasiveness of human imprint on Earth is alarming and most animal species, including bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), must cope with several stressors. Recently, exposure to trace metals and metalloids (TMM) has drawn attention and has been suggested as a threat for bee populations. In this review, we aimed at bringing together all the studies (n = 59), both in laboratories and in natura, that assessed the effects of TMM on bees. After a brief comment on semantics, we listed the potential routes of exposure to soluble and insoluble (i.e. nanoparticle) TMM, and the threat posed by metallophyte plants. Then, we reviewed the studies that addressed whether bees could detect and avoid TMM in their environment, as well as the ways bee detoxify these xenobiotics. Afterwards, we listed the impacts TMM have on bees at the community, individual, physiological, histological and microbial levels. We discussed around the interspecific variations among bees, as well as around the simultaneous exposure to TMM. Finally, we highlighted that bees are likely exposed to TMM in combination or with other stressors, such as pesticides and parasites. Overall, we showed that most studies focussed on the domesticated western honey bee and mainly addressed lethal effects. Because TMM are widespread in the environment and have been shown to result in detrimental consequences, evaluating their lethal and sublethal effects on bees, including non-Apis species, warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gekière
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Maryse Vanderplanck
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Denis Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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Rana I, Nguyen PK, Rigutto G, Louie A, Lee J, Smith MT, Zhang L. Mapping the key characteristics of carcinogens for glyphosate and its formulations: A systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139572. [PMID: 37474029 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate was classified as a probable human carcinogen (Group 2A) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) partially due to strong mechanistic evidence in 2015. Since then, numerous studies of glyphosate and its formulations (GBF) have emerged. These studies can be evaluated for cancer hazard identification with the newly described ten key characteristics (KC) of carcinogens approach. Our objective was to assess all in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro mechanistic studies of human and experimental animals (mammals) that compared exposure to glyphosate/GBF with low/no exposure counterparts for evidence of the ten KCs. A protocol with our methods adhering to PRISMA guidelines was registered a priori (INPLASY202180045). Two blinded reviewers screened all in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies of glyphosate/GBF exposure in humans/mammals reporting any KC-related outcome available in PubMed before August 2021. Studies that met inclusion criteria underwent data extraction conducted in duplicate for each KC outcome reported along with key aspects of internal/external validity, results, and reference information. These data were used to construct a matrix that was subsequently analyzed in the program R to conduct strength of evidence and quality assessments. Of the 2537 articles screened, 175 articles met inclusion criteria, from which we extracted >50,000 data points related to KC outcomes. Data analysis revealed strong evidence for KC2, KC4, KC5, KC6, KC8, limited evidence for KC1 and KC3, and inadequate evidence for KC7, KC9, and KC10. Notably, our in-depth quality analyses of genotoxicity (KC2) and endocrine disruption (KC8) revealed strong and consistent positive findings. For KC2, we found: 1) studies conducted in humans and human cells provided stronger positive evidence than counterpart animal models; 2) GBF elicited a stronger effect in both human and animal systems when compared to glyphosate alone; and 3) the highest quality studies in humans and human cells consistently revealed strong evidence of genotoxicity. Our analysis of KC8 indicated that glyphosate's ability to modulate hormone levels and estrogen receptor activity is sensitive to both exposure concentration and formulation. The modulations observed provide clear evidence that glyphosate interacts with receptors, alters receptor activation, and modulates the levels and effects of endogenous ligands (including hormones). Our findings strengthen the mechanistic evidence that glyphosate is a probable human carcinogen and provide biological plausibility for previously reported cancer associations in humans, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We identified potential molecular interactions and subsequent key events that were used to generate a probable pathway to lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iemaan Rana
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Patton K Nguyen
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Gabrielle Rigutto
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Allen Louie
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jane Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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Kawichai S, Prapamontol T, Santijitpakdee T, Bootdee S. Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment Samples from the Mae Chaem River, Chiang Mai, Thailand. TOXICS 2023; 11:780. [PMID: 37755790 PMCID: PMC10534551 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are significant environmental pollutants that are recognized as posing a potential health hazard to human beings. We investigated the concentrations of the heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface sediments collected from the Mae Chaem River in Chiang Mai, Thailand, during the dry season in 2021. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in sediments were, in decreasing order, Zn > Cr > As > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd. The mean values of As, Cd, Cr, and Cu were determined to be 32.5 ± 18.3, 0.33 ± 0.07, 45.8 ± 11.9, and 21.9 ± 7.42 mg Kg-1, respectively. These levels are higher than their standard levels in Thailand, namely 10.0, 0.16, 45.5, and 21.5 mg Kg-1, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the primary origins of heavy metal contamination are predominantly attributed to residential settlements and agricultural areas. The hazard quotient (HQ) was used to estimate the non-carcinogenic risk of exposure to heavy-metal-bound surface sediments for both children and adults. The results showed that the HQ values for both groups were less than 1.0 (HQ < 1.0), indicating no risk. Moreover, assessment of the long-term risk for ingestion of toxic metals indicated no risk (<10-6) based on the lifetime cancer risk (LCR). However, the LCR values of As and Cr were 5.3 × 10-6 and 2.5 × 10-6, respectively, demonstrating the most elevated LCR among the hazardous metals in terms of children's exposure. Therefore, it is possible that children living in agricultural areas and participating in activities around the study area may be exposed to elevated concentrations of As and Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawaeng Kawichai
- Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Teetawat Santijitpakdee
- Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Susira Bootdee
- Faculty of Science, Energy, and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (Rayong Campus), Rayong 21120, Thailand;
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Ketema B, Amde M, Teju E. Contents and health risk assessments of selected heavy metals in vegetables produced through irrigation with effluent-impacted river. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1160. [PMID: 37674096 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The widely consumed vegetables, khat, lettuce, and Swiss chard, in Hirna town, West Hararghe, Ethiopia, are extensively cultivated through irrigation with an effluent-impacted river that flows through the town which denotes that monitoring the safety of the vegetables is crucial. Herein, the contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Cd in vegetables, water, and soils were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after a wet digestion procedure based on a mixture of HNO3 and HClO4 at 200 °C. pH and electrical conductivity of the water and soil, and health risks associated with vegetable consumption were determined. The pH of the water (6.64) and soil (6.67) was slightly acidic, and electrical conductivity values were 0.416 and 0.024 mS/cm, respectively, indicating both are in good condition. The metal concentrations were in the range of ND-3.12, 3.43-9.22, and 0.15-10.6 mg/L in the water, soil, and vegetables, respectively, and the contents followed a trend of Cu > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cd. The irrigation water contained all metals above the guidelines except Cd, and the soil contained safe levels except Cd which is above the guideline. The obtained metal levels in the vegetables were below the safe limits. Estimated daily intakes and the total target cancer risks were below the guidelines, and the target hazard quotient and the hazard index were below 1 indicating that the vegetables are safe for consumption. In general, the obtained results suggest that the vegetables are safe for consumption. However, continuous monitoring and policy development are required to mitigate contamination of the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhan Ketema
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Amde
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Oromia, Ethiopia.
| | - Endale Teju
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Estienne A, Fréville M, Bernardi O, Ramé C, Calandreau L, Cornilleau F, Ganier P, Chahnamian M, Froment P, Dupont J. Chronic dietary exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide in broiler hens has long-term impacts on the progeny metabolism. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102877. [PMID: 37454642 PMCID: PMC10371846 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most commonly used herbicides in agriculture. Several studies reported possible adverse effects on human and animal models after a GBH exposure. However, the effects of a temporary maternal exposure on the progeny have been poorly documented, especially in avian models. We investigated the effects of a hen chronic dietary exposure to a GBH on the progeny, obtained during the period following the withdrawal of GBH from the diet. Hens were exposed to a GBH via their food for 6 wk, after which the GBH was removed from their food. Eggs from these hens were collected 3 wk after the GBH was withdrawn for 1 wk. We monitored the growth performances, metabolic parameters, and behavior from the progeny of the hens (Ex-GBH chicks, n = 186) and compared them with those of unexposed control-hen progeny (CT chicks, n = 213). Ex-GBH chicks were more likely to explore their new environment than CT chicks during the open-field test. In addition, they had an increased fattening and blood triglycerides level, whereas their food consumption was similar to CT chicks. Quantitative PCR on the chemerin system and FASN in chicks livers indicate a transcriptional activity in favor of fatty acid synthesis, and lipidomic analysis on chicks abdominal adipose tissue reveal a global increase in monounsaturated fatty acid and a global decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Seven genes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids were identified with the open access LIPIDMAP software, and their disturbance in Ex-GBH chicks was confirmed via qPCR. Taken together, these results suggest that the progeny of hens temporarily exposed to a GBH are more likely to fatten, even with a balanced diet. The removal of GBH from their contaminated environment would therefore not be sufficient to completely restore their health, has it could induce transgenerational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Estienne
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | - Mathias Fréville
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | - Ophélie Bernardi
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France; SYSAAF, Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRA Val de Loire, Nouzilly, 37380, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | | | - Fabien Cornilleau
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | - Patrice Ganier
- INRAE - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT 1295, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | - Marine Chahnamian
- INRAE - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT 1295, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
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Rani S, Sørensen MT, Estellé J, Noel SJ, Nørskov N, Krogh U, Foldager L, Højberg O. Gastrointestinal Microbial Ecology of Weaned Piglets Fed Diets with Different Levels of Glyphosate. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0061523. [PMID: 37318372 PMCID: PMC10433988 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00615-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate possesses antimicrobial properties, and the present study investigated potential effects of feed glyphosate on piglet gastrointestinal microbial ecology. Weaned piglets were allocated to four diets (glyphosate contents [mg/kg feed]: 0 mg/kg control [CON; i.e., basal diet with no glyphosate added], 20 mg/kg as Glyphomax commercial herbicide [GM20], and 20 mg/kg [IPA20] and 200 mg/kg [IPA200] as glyphosate isopropylamine [IPA] salt). Piglets were sacrificed after 9 and 35 days of treatment, and stomach, small intestine, cecum, and colon digesta were analyzed for glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), organic acids, pH, dry matter content, and microbiota composition. Digesta glyphosate contents reflected dietary levels (on day 35, 0.17, 16.2, 20.5, and 207.5 mg/kg colon digesta, respectively). Overall, we observed no significant glyphosate-associated effects on digesta pH, dry matter content, and-with few exceptions-organic acid levels. On day 9, only minor gut microbiota changes were observed. On day 35, we observed a significant glyphosate-associated decrease in species richness (CON, 462; IPA200, 417) and in the relative abundance of certain Bacteroidetes genera: CF231 (CON, 3.71%; IPA20, 2.33%; IPA200, 2.07%) and g_0.24 (CON, 3.69%; IPA20, 2.07%; IPA200, 1.75%) in cecum. No significant changes were observed at the phylum level. In the colon, we observed a significant glyphosate-associated increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes (CON, 57.7%; IPA20, 69.4%; IPA200, 66.1%) and a decrease in Bacteroidetes (CON, 32.6%; IPA20, 23.5%). Significant changes were only observed for few genera, e.g., g_0.24 (CON, 7.12%; IPA20, 4.59%; IPA200, 4.00%). In conclusion, exposing weaned piglets to glyphosate-amended feed did not affect gastrointestinal microbial ecology to a degree that was considered actual dysbiosis, e.g., no potential pathogen bloom was observed. IMPORTANCE Glyphosate residues can be found in feed made from genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops treated with glyphosate or from conventional crops, desiccated with glyphosate before harvest. If these residues affect the gut microbiota to an extent that is unfavorable to livestock health and productivity, the widespread use of glyphosate on feed crops may need to be reconsidered. Few in vivo studies have been conducted to investigate potential impact of glyphosate on the gut microbial ecology and derived health issues of animals, in particular livestock, when exposed to dietary glyphosate residues. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate potential effects on the gastrointestinal microbial ecology of newly weaned piglets fed glyphosate-amended diets. Piglets did not develop actual gut dysbiosis when fed diets, containing a commercial herbicide formulation or a glyphosate salt at the maximum residue level, defined by the European Union for common feed crops, or at a 10-fold-higher level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Rani
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Jordi Estellé
- GABI, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Samantha Joan Noel
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Natalja Nørskov
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Uffe Krogh
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Leslie Foldager
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Højberg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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23
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Pham LT, Tran YTH, Tran TT, Bui HM, Le LT, Dao ST, Nguyen DT. Ecological and human health risk assessments of cyanotoxins and heavy metals in a drinking water supply reservoir. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:1004-1016. [PMID: 37632377 PMCID: wh_2023_027 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Human beings are frequently exposed to a mixture of chemical pollutants through the ingestion of contaminated drinking water. The present study aimed to assess the ecological and human health risks associated with the contamination of cyanotoxins and heavy metals in a drinking water supply reservoir, the Tri An Reservoir (TAR), in Vietnam. Results demonstrated that the concentrations of individual heavy metals varied in the following order: iron (Fe) > lead (Pb) > arsenic (As) > zinc (Zn). Although the ecological potential risk of heavy metals was low during the study period, the concentration of Fe sometimes exceeded the Vietnamese standard for drinking water. Toxic cyanobacteria and microcystins (MCs) frequently occurred in the TAR with the highest density of 198.7 × 103 cells/mL and 7.8 μg/L, respectively, indicating a high risk of health impacts to humans. The results of the study indicate that exposure to heavy metals does not pose any non-carcinogenic health risks for both adults and children. However, the contamination of MCs in the surface water posed a serious disease enhancement to both adults and children through direct ingestion and dermal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luu Thanh Pham
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam E-mail:
| | - Yen Thi Hoang Tran
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thai Thanh Tran
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Manh Bui
- Faculty of Environment, Saigon University, 273 An Duong Vuong Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Luom Thi Le
- Dong Nai Technical Resources and Environment Center, Dong Khoi Street, Tan Hiep Ward, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province 810000, Vietnam
| | - Son Thanh Dao
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; CARE, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Duc Tan Nguyen
- Department of Production Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki City, Japan
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Saran A, Much D, Vangronsveld J, Merini L. Phytomanagement of trace element polluted fields with aromatic plants: supporting circular bio-economies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:169-177. [PMID: 37486171 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2231554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements pollution of soils became a global concern because of their persistence in the environment which can lead to accumulation in food chains up to toxic levels. At the same time, there is a shortage of arable land for growing food, fodder and industrial crops, which highlights the need for remediation/use of polluted land. Restoration of degraded lands has been included as a vital component of UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We summarize various sources of entry of important trace elements in the environment, available biological reclamation and management strategies and their limitations. Recent advances in phytomanagement approaches using aromatic crops to obtain economically valuable products such as essential oils and revalorize such polluted areas are reviewed. The worldwide application of this strategy in the last 10 years is illustrated through a choropleth map. Finally, the emerging concept of phytomanagement as a restorative and regenerative circular bio-economy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Saran
- CONICET, Agency of Scientific Investigation, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Diego Much
- CONICET, Agency of Scientific Investigation, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Luciano Merini
- CONICET, Agency of Scientific Investigation, La Pampa, Argentina
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25
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Nechalioti PM, Karampatzakis T, Mesnage R, Antoniou MN, Ibragim M, Tsatsakis A, Docea AO, Nepka C, Kouretas D. Evaluation of perinatal exposure of glyphosate and its mixture with 2,4-D and dicamba οn liver redox status in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115906. [PMID: 37062480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wide-scale emergence of glyphosate-resistant weeds has led to an increase in the simultaneous application of herbicide mixtures exacerbated by the introduction of crops tolerant to glyphosate plus dicamba or glyphosate plus 2,4-D. This raises serious concerns regarding the environmental and health risks resulting from increased exposure to a mixture of herbicide active ingredients. We evaluated hepatotoxic effects following perinatal exposure to glyphosate alone or in combination with 2,4-D and dicamba from gestational day-6 until adulthood in Wistar rats. Animals were administered with glyphosate at the European Union (EU) acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.5 mg/kg bw/day) and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL; 50 mg/kg bw/day). A mixture of glyphosate with 2,4-D (0.3 mg/kg bw/day) and dicamba (0.02 mg/kg bw/day) with each at their EU ADI was evaluated. Redox status was determined by measuring levels of reduced glutathione, decomposition rate of Η2Ο2, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, thiobarbituric reactive substances, and protein carbonyls. Gene expression analysis of Nr1d1, Nr1d2, Clec2g, Ier3, and Gadd45g associated with oxidative damage to DNA, was also performed. Analysis of liver samples showed that exposure to the mixture of the three herbicides induced a marked increase in the concentration of glutathione and malondialdehyde indicative of a disturbance in redox balance. Nevertheless, the effect of increased lipid peroxidation was not discernible following a 3-month recuperation period where animals were withdrawn from pesticide exposure post-weaning. Interestingly, toxic effects caused by prenatal exposure to the glyphosate NOAEL were present after the same 3-month recovery period. No statistically significant changes in the expression of genes linked with genotoxicity were observed. Our findings reinforce the importance of assessing the combined effects of chemical pollutants at doses that are asserted by regulatory agencies to be safe individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi-Maria Nechalioti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Thomas Karampatzakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Robin Mesnage
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mariam Ibragim
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Charitini Nepka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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26
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Velandia-Aquino LB, Botello AV, Ponce-Vélez G, Armstrong-Altrin JS, Ruiz-Fernández AC, Prado B, Villanueva-Fragoso S. 210Pb geochronology and metal concentrations in sediment cores recovered in the Alvarado Lagoon system, Veracruz, Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138709. [PMID: 37072086 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Three sediment cores recovered from the Alvarado Lagoon System (ALS) in the Gulf of Mexico were used to reconstruct the history of metals and metalloids and their environmental importance. The sedimentary profiles were dated with 210Pb and verified with 137Cs. Maximum ages of 77 and 86 years were estimated. Sediment provenance was described by sedimentological and geochemical proxies. The chemical alteration index (CIA) and weathering index (CIW) revealed moderate to high intensity of weathering in the source area that is controlled tropical climatic conditions, runoff, and precipitation in the basin that feeds sediments to this coastal lagoon. The Al2O3/TiO2 ratios indicated that the sediments were derived from intermediate igneous rocks. The enrichment factor values revealed the lithogenic and anthropic contribution of metals and metalloids. Cd is classified under the category extremely severe enrichment; agricultural activities, fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides containing Cd are expected to supply this metal to the ecosystem. Factor Analysis and Principal Components provided two main factors, terrigenous and biological origins; ANOVA indicated that there are significant differences between the cores for the parameters analyzed and revealed that there are differences in depositional environments between the recovery zones of the cores. The ALS presented natural variations associated with the climatic conditions, terrigenous input, and its relationship with the hydrological variations of the main rivers. The contribution of this work was to identify the magnitude of the natural component versus the human contribution, mainly of risk metals such as Cd, to support better management of the hydrological basin that affects the ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Begoña Velandia-Aquino
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra, Instituto de Geología. Av. Universidad N° 3000, UNAM CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. de México, Mexico.
| | - Alfonso V Botello
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Laboratorio de Contaminación Marina. Circuito exterior s/n, CU Coyoacán 04510, Cd. de México, Mexico.
| | - Guadalupe Ponce-Vélez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Laboratorio de Contaminación Marina. Circuito exterior s/n, CU Coyoacán 04510, Cd. de México, Mexico.
| | - John S Armstrong-Altrin
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad de Procesos Oceánicos y Costeros, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. de México, Mexico.
| | - Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernández
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Laboratorio de Geoquímica Isotópica y Geocronología. Joel Monte Camarena s/n, Col. Playa Sur, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Blanca Prado
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del Suelo. Av. Universidad N° 3000, UNAM CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. de México, Mexico.
| | - Susana Villanueva-Fragoso
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Laboratorio de Contaminación Marina. Circuito exterior s/n, CU Coyoacán 04510, Cd. de México, Mexico.
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27
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Hyland C, Spivak M, Sheppard L, Lanphear BP, Antoniou M, Ospina M, Calafat AM, Curl CL. Urinary Glyphosate Concentrations among Pregnant Participants in a Randomized, Crossover Trial of Organic and Conventional Diets. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:77005. [PMID: 37493357 PMCID: PMC10370340 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of an organic diet reduces exposure to a range of agricultural pesticides. Only three studies have examined the effect of an organic diet intervention on exposure to the herbicide glyphosate, the most heavily used agricultural chemical in the world. Despite its widespread use, the primary sources of glyphosate exposure in humans are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the effect of an organic diet intervention on urinary glyphosate concentrations among pregnant individuals. METHODS We conducted a 2-wk randomized crossover trial in which 39 pregnant participants living near (≤ 0.5 km ) and far (> 0.5 km ) from agricultural fields received a 1-wk supply of conventional groceries and 1 wk of organic groceries, randomized to order. We collected daily first morning void urine samples and analyzed composite samples from each week for glyphosate. We examined differences in urinary glyphosate concentrations between the conventional week and the organic week among all participants and stratified by residential proximity to an agricultural field. RESULTS Median specific gravity-adjusted glyphosate concentrations were 0.19 μ g / L and 0.16 μ g / L during the conventional and organic weeks, respectively. We observed modest decreases in urinary glyphosate concentrations from the conventional to organic week among far-field participants, but no difference among near-field participants. In secondary analyses excluding participants who did not meet a priori criteria of compliance with the intervention, we observed significant decreases in urinary glyphosate concentrations, particularly among far-field participants (p < 0.01 - 0.02 , depending on exclusion criteria). DISCUSSION This trial is the first to examine the effect of an organic diet intervention on glyphosate among people living near and far from agricultural fields. Our results suggest that diet is an important contributor to glyphosate exposure in people living > 0.5 km from agricultural fields; for people living near crops, agriculture may be a dominant exposure source during the pesticide spray season. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Hyland
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Meredith Spivak
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Michael Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maria Ospina
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Curl
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
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28
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Fuselier SG, Ireland D, Fu N, Rabeler C, Collins EMS. Comparative toxicity assessment of glyphosate and two commercial formulations in the planarian Dugesia japonica. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1200881. [PMID: 37435546 PMCID: PMC10332155 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1200881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glyphosate is a widely used, non-selective herbicide. Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are considered safe for non-target organisms and environmentally benign at currently allowed environmental exposure levels. However, their increased use in recent years has triggered questions about possible adverse outcomes due to low dose chronic exposure in animals and humans. While the toxicity of GBHs has primarily been attributed to glyphosate, other largely unstudied components of GBHs may be inherently toxic or could act synergistically with glyphosate. Thus, comparative studies of glyphosate and GBHs are needed to parse out their respective toxicity. Methods: We performed such a comparative screen using pure glyphosate and two popular GBHs at the same glyphosate acid equivalent concentrations in the freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica. This planarian has been shown to be a useful model for both ecotoxicology and neurotoxicity/developmental neurotoxicity studies. Effects on morphology and various behavioral readouts were obtained using an automated screening platform, with assessments on day 7 and day 12 of exposure. Adult and regenerating planarians were screened to allow for detection of developmentally selective effects. Results: Both GBHs were more toxic than pure glyphosate. While pure glyphosate induced lethality at 1 mM and no other effects, both GBHs induced lethality at 316 μM and sublethal behavioral effects starting at 31.6 μM in adult planarians. These data suggest that glyphosate alone is not responsible for the observed toxicity of the GBHs. Because these two GBHs also include other active ingredients, namely diquat dibromide and pelargonic acid, respectively, we tested whether these compounds were responsible for the observed effects. Screening of the equivalent concentrations of pure diquat dibromide and pure pelargonic acid revealed that the toxicity of either GBH could not be explained by the active ingredients alone. Discussion: Because all compounds induced toxicity at concentrations above allowed exposure levels, our data indicates that glyphosate/GBH exposure is not an ecotoxicological concern for D. japonica planarians. Developmentally selective effects were not observed for all compounds. Together, these data demonstrate the usefulness of high throughput screening in D. japonica planarians for assessing various types of toxicity, especially for comparative studies of several chemicals across different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Grace Fuselier
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Danielle Ireland
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas Fu
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Christina Rabeler
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Eva-Maria S. Collins
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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29
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Jacques MT, Soares MV, Farina M, Bornhorst J, Schwerdtle T, Ávila DS. Impaired Physiological Responses and Neurotoxicity Induced by a Chlorpyrifos-Based Formulation in Caenorhabditis elegans are not Solely Dependent on the Active Ingredient. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104196. [PMID: 37354962 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The current massive and indiscriminate agrochemicals usage, which is inexorably linked to the toxic consequences to the environment and people, represents a great concern. Our work aimed to compare the toxicity induced by chlorpyrifos in its pure form (CPF) with that of a commercial formulation containing allegedly inert ingredients (CBCF) using Caenorhabditis elegans as in vivo model. After a 48h exposure period, CBCF was 14 times more lethal than CPF; Hatching, brood size, body length and motor-related behavioral parameters were decreased, but these effects were significantly higher in CBCF-exposed worms. Additionally, CBCF induced significant morphological changes in cholinergic neurons, which are associated with the motor-related behavioral parameters. Finally, by analyzing the CBCF, were detected the presence of potentially-toxic metals that were not specified in the label. The presented results highlight the toxicological relevance of components present in the commercial formulations of pesticides, which have been claimed as inert compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Tavares Jacques
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO BOX 118, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Biochemistry, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Block C, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcell Valandro Soares
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO BOX 118, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Neuroprotection Experimental, Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Biochemistry, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Block C, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal; Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO BOX 118, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Nana AS, Falkenberg T, Rechenburg A, Ntajal J, Kamau JW, Ayo A, Borgemeister C. Seasonal variation and risks of potentially toxic elements in agricultural lowlands of central Cameroon. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:4007-4023. [PMID: 36631578 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intensive urban agriculture is expanding in Cameroon, which increases the risks of environmental pollution, particularly in the lowlands. This study assessed the seasonal characteristics of some potentially toxic elements and their ecological risks during the dry and wet seasons in urban agricultural soils in four lowlands in Yaoundé. The area and seasonal variation of some potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni) were evaluated using mixed-effects modeling. The pollution status of these elements in the soil was evaluated and interpreted using parameters such as the single pollution (SPI) and Nemerow composite pollution (NCPI) indices. In addition, the effect of these metals in the environment was assessed using the potential ecological risk index (PERI). The distribution of all the studied elements showed an area effect, while a seasonal effect was only noticeable for Cu. The concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn was higher than the recommended threshold values in one of the areas sampled, while Cr exceeded these threshold values in all areas during both seasons. Cr exhibited the highest SPI among all studied elements during the dry and wet seasons in all areas. Except for the NCPI in one area, where grade V (strong) soil pollution was recorded during the wet season, the soil from all the study areas exhibited a slight pollution level (grade III) with a mean NCPI between 1 and 2. The PERI value of all areas was below the reference values during both seasons, suggesting an overall low potential contamination risk of the soil biota. The results indicate that preventive action to limit the heavy metal contamination in the lowlands of Yaoundé needs to be taken, for instance, through the promotion of more sustainable use of agrochemicals like pesticides and mineral fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Stephanie Nana
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany.
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Environment, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Timo Falkenberg
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Rechenburg
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joshua Ntajal
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Anne Ayo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Environment, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Naccarato A, Vommaro ML, Amico D, Sprovieri F, Pirrone N, Tagarelli A, Giglio A. Triazine Herbicide and NPK Fertilizer Exposure: Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Rare Earth Elements, Effects on Cuticle Melanization, and Immunocompetence in the Model Species Tenebrio molitor. TOXICS 2023; 11:499. [PMID: 37368599 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of agrochemicals, including fertilizers and herbicides, has led to worrying metal contamination of soils and waters and raises serious questions about the effects of their transfer to different levels of the trophic web. Accumulation and biomagnification of essential (K, Na, Mg, Zn, Ca), nonessential (Sr, Hg, Rb, Ba, Se, Cd, Cr, Pb, As), and rare earth elements (REEs) were investigated in newly emerged adults of Tenebrio molitor exposed to field-admitted concentrations of a metribuzin-based herbicide and an NPK blend fertilizer. Chemical analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) supported by unsupervised pattern recognition techniques. Physiological parameters such as cuticle melanization, cellular (circulating hemocytes), and humoral (phenoloxidase enzyme activity) immune responses and mass loss were tested as exposure markers in both sexes. The results showed that NPK fertilizer application is the main cause of REE accumulation in beetles over time, besides toxic elements (Sr, Hg, Cr, Rb, Ba, Ni, Al, V, U) also present in the herbicide-treated beetles. The biomagnification of Cu and Zn suggested a high potential for food web transfer in agroecosystems. Gender differences in element concentrations suggested that males and females differ in element uptake and excretion. Differences in phenotypic traits show that exposure affects metabolic pathways involving sequestration and detoxification during the transition phase from immature-to-mature beetles, triggering a redistribution of resources between sexual maturation and immune responses. Our findings highlight the importance of setting limits for metals and REEs in herbicides and fertilizers to avoid adverse effects on species that provide ecosystem services and contribute to soil health in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Naccarato
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria,87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Luigia Vommaro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Amico
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Pirrone
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Antonio Tagarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria,87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Anita Giglio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Motta EVS, Moran NA. The effects of glyphosate, pure or in herbicide formulation, on bumble bees and their gut microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162102. [PMID: 36764553 PMCID: PMC11050743 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of glyphosate-based formulations to eliminate unwanted vegetation has increased concerns regarding their effects on non-target organisms, such as honey bees and their gut microbial communities. These effects have been associated with both glyphosate and co-formulants, but it is still unknown whether they translate to other bee species. In this study, we tested whether glyphosate, pure or in herbicide formulation, can affect the gut microbiota and survival rates of the eastern bumble bee, Bombus impatiens. We performed mark-recapture experiments with bumble bee workers from four different commercial colonies, which were exposed to field relevant concentrations of glyphosate or a glyphosate-based formulation (0.01 mM to 1 mM). After a 5-day period of exposure, we returned the bees to their original colonies, and they were sampled at days 0, 3 and 7 post-exposure to investigate changes in microbial community and microbiota resilience by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR. We found that exposure to glyphosate, pure or in herbicide formulation, reduced the relative abundance of a beneficial bee gut bacterium, Snodgrassella, in bees from two of four colonies when compared to control bees at day 0 post-exposure, but this reduction became non-significant at days 3 and 7 post-exposure, suggesting microbiota resilience. We did not find significant changes in total bacteria between control and exposed bees. Moreover, we observed an overall trend in decreased survival rates in bumble bees exposed to 1 mM herbicide formulation during the 7-day post-exposure period, suggesting a potential negative effect of this formulation on bumble bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick V S Motta
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Nancy A Moran
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA.
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Atuchin VV, Asyakina LK, Serazetdinova YR, Frolova AS, Velichkovich NS, Prosekov AY. Microorganisms for Bioremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040864. [PMID: 37110287 PMCID: PMC10145494 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy-metal contaminants are one of the most relevant problems of contemporary agriculture. High toxicity and the ability to accumulate in soils and crops pose a serious threat to food security. To solve this problem, it is necessary to accelerate the pace of restoration of disturbed agricultural lands. Bioremediation is an effective treatment for agricultural soil pollution. It relies on the ability of microorganisms to remove pollutants. The purpose of this study is to create a consortium based on microorganisms isolated from technogenic sites for further development in the field of soil restoration in agriculture. In the study, promising strains that can remove heavy metals from experimental media were selected: Pantoea sp., Achromobacter denitrificans, Klebsiella oxytoca, Rhizobium radiobacter, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. On their basis, consortiums were compiled, which were investigated for the ability to remove heavy metals from nutrient media, as well as to produce phytohormones. The most effective was Consortium D, which included Achromobacter denitrificans, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Rhizobium radiobacter in a ratio of 1:1:2, respectively. The ability of this consortium to produce indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid was 18.03 μg/L and 2.02 μg/L, respectively; the absorption capacity for heavy metals from the experimental media was Cd (56.39 mg/L), Hg (58.03 mg/L), As (61.17 mg/L), Pb (91.13 mg/L), and Ni (98.22 mg/L). Consortium D has also been found to be effective in conditions of mixed heavy-metal contamination. Due to the fact that the further use of the consortium will be focused on the soil of agricultural land cleanup, its ability to intensify the process of phytoremediation has been studied. The combined use of Trifolium pratense L. and the developed consortium ensured the removal of about 32% Pb, 15% As, 13% Hg, 31% Ni, and 25% Cd from the soil. Further research will be aimed at developing a biological product to improve the efficiency of remediation of lands withdrawn from agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Atuchin
- Laboratory of Optical Materials and Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Research and Development Department, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650000, Russia
- Department of Industrial Machinery Design, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630073, Russia
- R&D Center “Advanced Electronic Technologies”, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634034, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Lyudmila K. Asyakina
- Laboratory of Phytoremediation of Technogenically Disturbed Ecosystems, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650056, Russia
| | - Yulia R. Serazetdinova
- Laboratory of Phytoremediation of Technogenically Disturbed Ecosystems, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650056, Russia
| | - Anna S. Frolova
- Laboratory of Phytoremediation of Technogenically Disturbed Ecosystems, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650056, Russia
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Defarge N, Otto M, Hilbeck A. A Roundup herbicide causes high mortality and impairs development of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161158. [PMID: 36572288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate has and is being used extensively in herbicide formulations worldwide. Thus, glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) substantially add to the environmental load of pesticides and warrant a strict risk assessment. Ecotoxicological testing of herbicides focuses on non-target plants and higher animals while direct effects on arthropods are only cursory tested on the premise of contact exposure. However, oral exposure, as we show in our case, can be highly relevant for systemic pesticides, such as GBH. Specifically, in crop systems including genetically modified crops that are tolerant to GBH, these herbicides and their breakdown products are present both internally and externally of the crop plants and, therefore, are ingested by the crop-associated arthropod fauna. We tested the effects of oral uptake of the Roundup formulation WeatherMax on larvae of the lacewing Chrysoperla carnea, a model organism in ecotoxicity testing programs. Long-term oral exposure of C. carnea larvae throughout its juvenile life stages was tested with concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1 % dilution, thus, lower than the 1.67 % recommended for field applications. Inhibition of metamorphosis was observable at 0.1 % but at a concentration of 0.5 %, GBH significantly impaired cocoon formation and led to massive lethal malformations. At GBH concentration of 1 % half of the individuals remained permanent larvae and no adult hatched alive. The effects observed followed a clear dose-response relationship. The hazard caused by direct insecticidal action of GHB after oral uptake is highly relevant for the environmental safety and reveals a gap in regulatory risk assessments that should urgently be addressed, specifically in light of the on-going insect decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Defarge
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Integrative Biology IBZ, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Otto
- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Konstantinstrasse 110, DE-53179 Bonn, Germany
| | - A Hilbeck
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Integrative Biology IBZ, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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35
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Mendoza LC, Nolos RC, Villaflores OB, Apostol EMD, Senoro DB. Detection of Heavy Metals, Their Distribution in Tilapia spp., and Health Risks Assessment. TOXICS 2023; 11:286. [PMID: 36977051 PMCID: PMC10057469 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) were assessed in Tilapia spp. from selected communities in Calapan City, Philippines. Eleven (11) inland farmed tilapia samples were collected and analyzed for HMs concentration using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The 11 fish samples were cut into seven pieces, according to the fish body parts, constituting a total of 77 samples. These fish samples were then labeled as bone, fins, head, meat, skin, and viscera. Results showed that the mean concentration of Cd in all parts of tilapia exceeded the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) limits. The highest concentration was recorded in the fins, which was sevenfold higher than the limit. The trend of the mean concentration of Cd in different parts of tilapia was fins > viscera > skin > tail > head > meat > bone. The target hazard quotient (THQ) recorded a value less than 1. This means that the population exposed to tilapia, within the area where fish samples originated, were not at risk to non-carcinogens. The concentrations of Cu, Pb, Mn, Hg, and Zn in different parts, particularly in skin, fins, and viscera, also exceeded the FAO/WHO limits. The calculated cancer risk (CR) in consuming the fish skin, meat, fins, bone, viscera, and head was higher than the USEPA limit. This indicated a possible carcinogenic risk when consumed regularly. Most of the correlations observed between HMs in various parts of the tilapia had positive (direct) relationships, which were attributed to the HM toxicity target organ characteristics. Results of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that most of the dominating HMs recorded in tilapia were attributable to anthropogenic activities and natural weathering within the watershed of agricultural areas. The agriculture area comprises about 86.83% of the overall land area of Calapan City. The identified carcinogenic risks were associated with Cd. Therefore, regular monitoring of HMs in inland fishes, their habitat, and surface water quality shall be carried out. This information is useful in creating strategies in metals concentration monitoring, health risks reduction program, and relevant guidelines that would reduce the accumulation of HM in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel C. Mendoza
- Resiliency and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Yuchengco Innovation Center, Mapua University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, National Capital Region, Philippines
- Food Processing Technology Research and Development Center (FPTRDC), Mindoro State University (MinSU)-Calapan City Campus, Masipit, Calapan City 5200, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd, Sampaloc, Manila 1008, National Capital Region, Philippines
- College of Teacher Education, Mindoro State University (MinSU)-Calapan City Campus, Masipit, Calapan City 5200, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
- Graduate School, Mindoro State University (MinSU)-Calapan City Campus, Masipit, Calapan City 5200, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
- MIMAROPA Food Innovation Center (FIC), Mindoro State University (MinSU)-Calapan City Campus, Masipit, Calapan City 5200, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
| | - Ronnel C. Nolos
- Resiliency and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Yuchengco Innovation Center, Mapua University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, National Capital Region, Philippines
- Mapua-MSC Joint Research Laboratory, Marinduque State College, Boac 4900, Marinduque, Philippines
- College of Environmental Studies, Marinduque State College, Boac 4900, Marinduque, Philippines
| | - Oliver B. Villaflores
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Sampaloc, Manila 1008, National Capital Region, Philippines
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Sampaloc, Manila 1008, National Capital Region, Philippines
| | - Enya Marie D. Apostol
- Resiliency and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Yuchengco Innovation Center, Mapua University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, National Capital Region, Philippines
- College of Business and Management, Mindoro State University (MinSU)-Calapan City Campus, Masipit, Calapan City 5200, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
| | - Delia B. Senoro
- Resiliency and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Yuchengco Innovation Center, Mapua University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, National Capital Region, Philippines
- Mapua-MSC Joint Research Laboratory, Marinduque State College, Boac 4900, Marinduque, Philippines
- School of Civil, Environmental, and Geological Engineering, Mapua University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, National Capital Region, Philippines
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Tu LH, Grieneisen ML, Wang R, Watanabe H, Zhang M. Assessment of agricultural pesticide inert ingredient transport following modeling approach: Case study of two formulation agents in Sacramento River watershed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117123. [PMID: 36586371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This research provides the first assessment of the environmental fate and transport of agricultural pesticide formulation agents following a dynamic modeling approach. Two formulation agents of toxicological concern, Naphthalene and Solvent Naphtha (Petroleum), Heavy Aromatic, were simulated from their usage in commercially-applied pesticides. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to simulate these formulation agents during 2011-2014 in the agriculturally intensive Sacramento River watershed. The sensitivity and uncertainty of some key parameters were analyzed. The predicted transport masses of these formulation agents in surface water were strongly associated with rainfall. While predicted transport masses were quite small at the watershed scale (<0.01% of applied masses), they were 26-31 times higher in certain locales at the subbasin level. Since many formulation agents are widely used in pesticides throughout this and other agriculturally impacted watersheds, their potential risks in the environment need more thorough investigation by modeling and monitoring, especially for areas with heavy usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Hoang Tu
- Research Center for Climate Change, Nong Lam University-HoChiMinh City, HoChiMinh City, 700000, Viet Nam; United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Michael L Grieneisen
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hirozumi Watanabe
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; IWATER, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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37
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Gadotti CP, de Oliveira JM, de Oliveira Bender JM, de Souza Lima MDF, Taques GR, Quináia SP, Romano MA, Romano RM. Prepubertal to adulthood exposure to low doses of glyphosate-based herbicide increases the expression of the Havcr1 (Kim1) biomarker and causes mild kidney alterations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 467:116496. [PMID: 37001608 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a nonselective and postemergent herbicide used to combat weeds in several crops, which raises concerns about risks to human health since residues are detected in urine, human milk, surface water and several types of food. Feces and urine are the major routes of elimination of glyphosate, making the kidney a sensitive target for the development of toxicity. In fact, farmers are at high risk of developing chronic kidney disease. In this sense, this study aims to investigate kidney function by measuring the serum levels of urea and creatinine, examining the histological morphology, and analyzing the mRNA expression of genes related to tubular transport of ions, urea and urates and the biomarker of kidney disease Kim1, and the levels of lead in the kidney in male Wistar rats orally exposed to low levels of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH: 0, 0.5 or 5 mg/kg) from weaning to adult life by gavage. GBH0.5 showed reduced serum urea concentration, presence of tubulointerstitial swelling and mononuclear cell infiltration into the interstitium, increased gene expression of Kim1 and reduced gene expression of Slc14a1. GBH5 showed reduced serum urea and increased serum creatinine concentrations, tubulointerstitial swelling, interstitial fibrosis, and reduced expression of Trpm6 and Trpv5. Exposure to GBH did not affect the levels of Pb in the kidneys of animals. In conclusion, glyphosate at low doses may cause mild kidney damage. It is necessary to evaluate whether the long-term effects of this constant injury may contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology.
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Almeida JM, Palma C, Félix PM, Brito AC. Long-term variation of dissolved metals and metalloid in the waters of an Atlantic mesotidal estuary (Sado Estuary, Portugal). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114615. [PMID: 36708617 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries have long been preferred sites of human settlement due to the benefits regarding proximity to fresh water and the ocean. As such, these environments have been subject to increasing anthropogenic pressures, resulting in issues of pollution and contamination. However, since the second half of the 20th century an environmental concern has reflected in the development of legislation, monitoring programmes and measures to diminish and control those impacts. The study presented herein integrates metals and metalloid concentrations from surface water samples obtained in a long-term monitoring programme (1986-2020) conducted in the Sado Estuary. The results obtained show a decrease and stabilisation of the concentrations of elements (between 81 % for Pb and 11 % for As in the average concentrations, between 83 % for Pb and 11 % for Cd in the median concentrations, and an increase of 1 % in the As median values). Nevertheless, high concentrations were still observed in the stations closest to the industrial area and the main freshwater to confluence with the estuary. Despite the efforts in improving the environmental quality of the Sado Estuary, possible effects in native species such as cuttlefishes and oysters are still a possibility, particularly in the stations where higher concentrations were registered, as well as close to nurseries as a result of trace metal transport through currents and tides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Palma
- Instituto Hidrográfico, Rua das Trinas 49, 1249-093 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Félix
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research NETwork, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C Brito
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research NETwork, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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39
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Geier DA, Geier MR. Urine glyphosate exposure and serum sex hormone disruption within the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination survey (NHANES). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137796. [PMID: 36632954 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide. Numerous in vitro and in vivo model system studies have demonstrated endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) properties associated with glyphosate/GBH exposure. The present hypothesis-testing study evaluated the potential inverse dose-dependent relationship between increasing urinary glyphosate and decreasing concentrations of blood sex hormones. Demographic and newly available lab test data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed with survey regression modeling (adjusted for age, gender, race, and country of birth) in Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software. A total of 225, 615, 858 weighted-persons (sample n = 2130 persons) were examined for concentrations of urinary glyphosate and serum sex hormones (including: total testosterone, total estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)) among males and females, 6 years-old or older. This study revealed about 82% of the population of the United States examined had detectable urinary concentrations of glyphosate. A significant inverse correlation between concentrations of glyphosate and total estradiol and a trend towards an inverse correlation between concentrations of glyphosate and total testosterone were observed. Concentrations of SHBG and glyphosate did not correlate. Ratios of total testosterone:SHBG and total estradiol:SHBG (estimating the fraction of active sex hormones in the blood) were significantly inversely correlated with urinary concentrations of glyphosate. This epidemiological study associates widespread and ongoing glyphosate/GBH exposures with human endocrine-disruptions. Future studies should examine these phenomena in other databases and other endocrine-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD, 20905, USA
| | - Mark R Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD, 20905, USA.
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40
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Rapid determination of polyethoxylated tallow amine surfactants in human plasma by LC-MSMS. Talanta 2023; 254:124115. [PMID: 36481395 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The potential exposure to the widely used glyphosate-based herbicides, including attempted suicide by ingestion, is of world-wide concern. Whilst the major focus to date has been on managing exposure to the active ingredient glyphosate, it is now recognised that a common major 'inert' surfactant ingredient, polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA) and related compounds, may be more toxic. However, the information on the toxicokinetics of POEA surfactants after exposure is limited, in part, due to the lack of suitable methods for their analysis in biological matrices. We therefore developed and validated a robust LC-MSMS method that allowed, for the first time, a rapid analysis of 11 POEA homologues in human plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Kinetex EVO C18 column under a 5 min gradient elution with mobile phase A containing water/acetonitrile/formic acid (95:5:0.1, v/v/v) and mobile phase B containing acetonitrile/water/formic acid (95:5:0.1, v/v/v). Amlodipine was chosen as the internal standard (IS) for this assay. Amlodipine-d4 would be an ideal alternative IS to expand the applicability of the established method especially in antihypertensive patients. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) methods were optimized for 11 POEA homologues and the IS. Sample pre-treatment was performed using simple protein precipitation with methanol at a ratio of 4:1, requiring only 20 μL plasma. The validated method showed good specificity, accuracy and precision with lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) ranging from 0.35 to 10.8 ng mL-1 for all selected POEA homologues. The method was then used to measure concentrations of the various POEA surfactants in more than 600 human plasma samples from 151 patients admitted to hospital with acute glyphosate intoxication. The highest concentrations ranged from 1.07 ng mL-1 for C18u(EO)4-362.70 ng mL-1 for C16s(EO)2. The analysis of POEA surfactants plasma concentrations as described here underpins the assessment of POEA internal exposure and the relationships between POEA related glyphosate toxicity and the extent of poisoning.
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Lacroix R, Kurrasch DM. Glyphosate Toxicity: In Vivo, In Vitro, and Epidemiological Evidence. Toxicol Sci 2023; 192:kfad018. [PMID: 36857578 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most applied agricultural chemical worldwide and has become nearly ubiquitous throughout the environment. Glyphosate is an effective herbicide because it disrupts the shikimate pathway, which is responsible for the synthesis of essential amino acids in plants and microorganisms. Given that there is no known target for glyphosate in higher animals, its toxicity to humans and other animals is heavily debated, especially after the 2015 IARC ruling that glyphosate is carcinogenic. Today, a growing body of literature shows in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological evidence for the toxicity of glyphosate across animal species. With the application of glyphosate increasing globally, it is important to discuss these reports to enable a broader conversation on glyphosate toxicity and its impact on human and environmental health. Here, we summarize the recent glyphosate literature and discuss its implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lacroix
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah M Kurrasch
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Bacon MH, Vandelac L, Gagnon MA, Parent L. Poisoning Regulation, Research, Health, and the Environment: The Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Case in Canada. TOXICS 2023; 11:121. [PMID: 36850995 PMCID: PMC9965480 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite discourse advocating pesticide reduction, there has been an exponential increase in pesticide use worldwide in the agricultural sector over the last 30 years. Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely used pesticides on the planet as well as in Canada, where a total of almost 470 million kilograms of declared "active" ingredient glyphosate was sold between 2007 and 2018. GBHs accounted for 58% of pesticides used in the agriculture sector in Canada in 2017. While the independent scientific literature on the harmful health and environmental impacts of pesticides such as GBHs is overwhelming, Canada has only banned 32 "active" pesticide ingredients out of 531 banned in 168 countries, and reapproved GBHs in 2017 until 2032. This article, based on interdisciplinary and intersectoral research, will analyze how as a result of the scientific and regulatory captures of relevant Canadian agencies by the pesticide industry, the Canadian regulation and scientific assessment of pesticides are deficient and lagging behind other countries, using the GBH case as a basis for analysis. It will show how, by embracing industry narratives and biased evidence, by being receptive to industry demands, and by opaque decision making and lack of transparency, Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) promotes commercial interests over the imperatives of public health and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Bacon
- Ecohealth Research Collective on Pesticides, Policies and Alternatives (CREPPA), Institute of Environmental Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Louise Vandelac
- Ecohealth Research Collective on Pesticides, Policies and Alternatives (CREPPA), Department of Sociology and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Marc-André Gagnon
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lise Parent
- Ecohealth Research Collective on Pesticides, Policies and Alternatives (CREPPA), Science and Technology Department, Université TÉLUQ, Montréal, QC H2S 3L5, Canada
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Helander M, Lehtonen TK, Saikkonen K, Despains L, Nyckees D, Antinoja A, Solvi C, Loukola OJ. Field-realistic acute exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide impairs fine-color discrimination in bumblebees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159298. [PMID: 36216073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pollinator decline is a grave challenge worldwide. One of the main culprits for this decline is the widespread use of, and pollinators' chronic exposure to, agrochemicals. Here, we examined the effect of a field-realistic dose of the world's most commonly used pesticide, glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH), on bumblebee cognition. We experimentally tested bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) color and scent discrimination using acute GBH exposure, approximating a field-realistic dose from a day's foraging in a patch recently sprayed with GBH. In a 10-color discrimination experiment with five learning bouts, GBH treated bumblebees' learning rate fell to zero by third learning bout, whereas the control bees increased their performance in the last two bouts. In the memory test, the GBH treated bumblebees performed to near chance level, indicating that they had lost everything they had learned during the learning bouts, while the control bees were performing close to the level in their last learning bout. However, GBH did not affect bees' learning in a 2-color or 10-odor discrimination experiment, which suggests that the impact is limited to fine color learning and does not necessarily generalize to less specific tasks or other modalities. These results indicate that the widely used pesticide damages bumblebees' fine-color discrimination, which is essential to the pollinator's individual success and to colony fitness in complex foraging environments. Hence, our study suggests that acute sublethal exposure to GBH poses a greater threat to pollination-based ecosystem services than previously thought, and that tests for learning and memory should be integrated into pesticide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Topi K Lehtonen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Saikkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Léo Despains
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Danae Nyckees
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Antinoja
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Cwyn Solvi
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli J Loukola
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
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Triassi M, Cerino P, Montuori P, Pizzolante A, Trama U, Nicodemo F, D’Auria JL, De Vita S, De Rosa E, Limone A. Heavy Metals in Groundwater of Southern Italy: Occurrence and Potential Adverse Effects on the Environment and Human Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1693. [PMID: 36767059 PMCID: PMC9914834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the data on the contamination caused by heavy metals in the groundwater of the Campania Plain (CP) in Southern Italy. A total of 1093 groundwater samples were obtained from the following aquifers: coastal plains (GAR, VCP, VES, SAR, and SEL), volcanic districts (PHLE and VES), and carbonate massifs (MAS and LAT). In this study, the investigation depth ranged from 5 m (GAR) to 200 m (PHLE). The sequence of heavy metal content in groundwater samples was B > Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > Ba > Ni > As > Cu > V > Se > Pb > Cd. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and heavy metal evaluation (HEI) demonstrated that the study areas in which groundwater samples were sampled are not risk zones. Moreover, health risk assessment shows that hazard index (HI) values for heavy metals were found to be significantly low in groundwater samples. In non-carcinogenic risk evaluation for the adult group, the risk was low, whereas for children and infants, the risk was >1 for arsenic alone. Carcinogenic risk assessment (CR) was found lower for adults, children, and infants. The Jenks optimization method was used to evaluate the distribution of heavy metals in the groundwater of CP, and the principal component analysis technique (PCA) was employed to determine the source of heavy metals, and it was found that mixed sources (natural and anthropogenic) may be responsible for heavy metals presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Via Sergio Pansini nº 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute nº 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Paolo Montuori
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Via Sergio Pansini nº 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzolante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute nº 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Ugo Trama
- General Directorate of Health, Campania Region, Centro Direzionale is. C3, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Nicodemo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute nº 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Jacopo Luigi D’Auria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute nº 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Sabato De Vita
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute nº 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Elvira De Rosa
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Via Sergio Pansini nº 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Limone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute nº 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Olejniczak A, Stachowiak W, Rzemieniecki T, Niemczak M. Adjustment of the Structure of the Simplest Amino Acid Present in Nature-Glycine, toward More Environmentally Friendly Ionic Forms of Phenoxypropionate-Based Herbicides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021360. [PMID: 36674875 PMCID: PMC9863448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of chemicals for various purposes in agriculture has numerous consequences, such as the contamination of ecosystems. Thus, nowadays it is perceived that their development should adhere to the principles of green chemistry elaborated by Paul Anastas. Consequently, to create more environment-friendly herbicides, we elaborated a 'green' synthesis method of a series of ionic liquids (ILs) containing cations derived from glycine. The appropriately modified cations were combined with an anion from the group of phenoxy acids, commonly known as 2,4-DP. The products were obtained with high yields, and subsequently, their properties, such as density, viscosity and solubility, were thoroughly examined to elucidate existing structure-property relationships. All ILs were liquids at room temperature, which enabled the elimination of some serious issues associated with solid active forms, such as the polymorphism or precipitation of an active ingredient from spray solution. Additionally, the synthesized compounds were tested under greenhouse conditions, which allowed an assessment of their effectiveness in regulating the growth of oilseed rape, selected as a model dicotyledonous plant. The product comprising a dodecyl chain exhibited the greatest reduction in the fresh weight of plants, significantly surpassing not only a commercially used reference herbicide but also the potassium salt of 2,4-DP.
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Olteanu RL, Radulescu C, Bretcan P, Zinicovscaia I, Culicov O, Vergel K, Tanislav D, Bumbac M, Nicolescu CM, Dulama ID, Gorghiu LM. Geochemical Responses to Natural and Anthropogenic Settings in Salt Lakes Sediments from North-Eastern Romanian Plain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:935. [PMID: 36673692 PMCID: PMC9859558 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical analysis was performed on sediment core samples collected from three salt lakes, Amara Lake, Caineni Lake, and Movila Miresii Lake, located in the northeast of the Romanian Plain. The concentration of 10 main elements, 6 heavy metals (HMs), 8 rare earth elements (REEs), and 10 trace elements (TEs)-determined using neutron activation analysis (NAA)-showed variability dependent on the depth sections, lake genesis and geochemical characteristics (oxbow, fluvial harbor/liman and loess saucer type). The assessment of pollution indices (contamination factor, pollution load index, geoaccumulation index, and enrichment factor) highlighted low and moderate degrees of contamination for most of the investigated elements. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted three principal components, explaining 70.33% (Amara Lake), 79.92% (Caineni Lake), and 71.42% (Movila Miresii Lake) of the observed variability. The principal components extracted were assigned to pedological contribution (37.42%-Amara Lake, 55.88%-Caineni Lake, and 15.31%-Movila Miresii Lake), salts depositions (due to the lack of a constant supply of freshwater and through evaporation during dry periods), atmospheric deposition (19.19%-Amara Lake, 13.80%-Caineni Lake, and 10.80%-Movila Miresii Lake), leaching from soil surface/denudation, rock weathering, and mixed anthropogenic input (e.g., agricultural runoff, wastewater discharges) (13.72%-Amara Lake, 10.24%-Caineni Lake, and 45.31%-Movila Miresii Lake).
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Lucian Olteanu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Cristiana Radulescu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
- Doctoral School Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petre Bretcan
- Faculty of Humanities, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130105 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Otilia Culicov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 030138 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Danut Tanislav
- Faculty of Humanities, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130105 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Marius Bumbac
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Nicolescu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Ioana Daniela Dulama
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Laura Monica Gorghiu
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
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Rahman MM, Ahmed L, Anika F, Riya AA, Kali SK, Rauf A, Sharma R. Bioinorganic Nanoparticles for the Remediation of Environmental Pollution: Critical Appraisal and Potential Avenues. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2023; 2023:2409642. [PMID: 37077203 PMCID: PMC10110382 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2409642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, environmental pollution has become a critical issue for both developed and developing countries. Because of excessive industrialization, burning of fossil fuels, mining and exploration, extensive agricultural activities, and plastics, the environment is being contaminated rapidly through soil, air, and water. There are a variety of approaches for treating environmental toxins, but each has its own set of restrictions. As a result, various therapies are accessible, and approaches that are effective, long-lasting, less harmful, and have a superior outcome are extensively demanded. Modern research advances focus more on polymer-based nanoparticles, which are frequently used in drug design, drug delivery systems, environmental remediation, power storage, transformations, and other fields. Bioinorganic nanomaterials could be a better candidate to control contaminants in the environment. In this article, we focused on their synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic process, and contributions to environmental remediation against numerous ecological hazards. In this review article, we also tried to explore their recent advancements and futuristic contributions to control and prevent various pollutants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Limon Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fazilatunnesa Anika
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Anha Akter Riya
- Department of Pharmacy, East-West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaiya Khatun Kali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Khodaei SM, Esfandiari Z, Sami M, Ahmadi A. Determination of metal(oids) in different traditional flat breads distributed in Isfahan city, Iran: Health risk assessment study by latin hypercube sampling. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:382-388. [PMID: 36959983 PMCID: PMC10027551 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This survey was conducted to assess the metal(oids) content in 93 samples of bread, including barbari, lavash, and tafton, using inductive couple plasma/optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The amounts of measured element were compared with the permissible limit set for bread by FAO/WHO and Iranian National Standardization Organization (INSO). The limit of detection (LOD) was ranged from 6.6 × 10-5 to 2.1 × 10-2 mg l-1 with recoveries ranged from 92% to 102%. The average concentrations of aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in bread were 29.88 ± 8, 0.03 ± 0.004, 12.77 ± 3.70, 0.01 ± 0.006, 34.16 ± 8.95, 0.01 ± 0.008, 346.07 ± 36.08, 3314.81 ± 317.19, 0.24 ± 0.11, and 19.65 ± 4.66 mg Kg-1, respectively. Amounts of As, Cd, Hg, Mg, Pb, and Zn were lower, and those of Al, Fe, and Na were higher than the permissible limits defined by FAO/WHO. The Latin Hyper Cube (LHC) sampling results revealed that children were exposed to higher non-carcinogenic risk and adults were more threatened by carcinogenic risk. It is recommended to control the entrance of metals in bread in the farm-to-fork chain in order to prevent probable future health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Mahsa Khodaei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Esfandiari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Masoud Sami
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Master of Science in Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Vanavermaete D, Hostens K, Le HM, Lessuise A, Ruttens A, Waegeneers N, De Witte B. Short- and long-term assessment of PAH, PCB, and metal contamination in the Belgian part of the North Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136905. [PMID: 36265704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dredging activities can result in the relocation of contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and metals from shipping channels, harbours, and ports into the marine environment where these components may exert a negative effect on the marine ecosystem. In this work, contamination associated with dredging is evaluated at and around dredged spoil disposal sites in the Belgian part of the North Sea, taking into account spatial as well as temporal variation. A homogeneous dispersion of the different contaminants was observed at the different sites. However, the contamination pattern was different for disposal sites that were linked with commercial ports, resulting in significantly higher PAH and PCB concentrations. When comparing concentrations with environmental assessment criteria, contamination of PAHs does not exceed these criteria in the Belgian Part of the North Sea, and for PCBs, only CB118 reveals a concerningly high concentration that exceeds the environmental assessment criteria. This is in contrast with metals where the contamination of As, Cr, Ni, and Zn exceeded the environmental limit values both at dredged spoil disposal sites and reference locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vanavermaete
- Aquatic Environment and Quality, Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ostend, Belgium.
| | - Kris Hostens
- Aquatic Environment and Quality, Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Hong Minh Le
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Nature, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amélie Lessuise
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Nature, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Ruttens
- Unit Trace Elements, Sciensano, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Nadia Waegeneers
- Unit Trace Elements, Sciensano, Tervuren, Belgium; Service Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bavo De Witte
- Aquatic Environment and Quality, Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ostend, Belgium
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50
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Winter SN, Fernandez MDP, Taylor KR, Wild MA. Associations between hair trace mineral concentrations and the occurrence of treponeme-associated hoof disease in elk (Cervus canadensis). BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:446. [PMID: 36564777 PMCID: PMC9783704 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trace minerals are important for animal health. Mineral deficiency or excess can negatively affect immune function, wound healing, and hoof health in domestic livestock, but normal concentrations and health impairment associated with mineral imbalances in wild animals are poorly understood. Treponeme-associated hoof disease (TAHD) is an emerging disease of free-ranging elk (Cervus canadensis) in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Selenium and copper levels identified in a small number of elk from areas where TAHD is established (i.e., southwestern Washington) suggested a mineral deficiency may have increased susceptibility to TAHD. Our objectives were to determine trace mineral concentrations using hair from elk originating in TAHD affected areas of Washington, California, Idaho, and Oregon and assess their associations with the occurrence of the disease. RESULTS We identified limited associations between TAHD occurrence and severity with hair mineral concentrations in 72 free-ranging elk, using Firth's logistic regression and multinomial regression models. We found consistent support for a priori hypotheses that selenium concentration, an important mineral for hoof health, is inversely associated with the occurrence of TAHD. Less consistent support was observed for effects of other minerals previously associated with hoof health (e.g., copper or zinc) or increased disease risk from potential toxicants. CONCLUSION Trace mineral analysis of hair is a non-invasive sampling technique that offers feasibility in storage and collection from live animals and carcasses. For some minerals, levels in hair correlate with visceral organs that are challenging to obtain. Our study using hair collected opportunistically from elk feet submitted for diagnostic investigations provides a modest reference of hair mineral levels in elk from the U.S. Pacific Northwest that may be useful in future determination of reference ranges. Although our results revealed high variability in mineral concentrations between elk, consistent relationship of possibly low selenium levels and TAHD suggest that further investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N. Winter
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA ,grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Maria del Pilar Fernandez
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Kyle R. Taylor
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA ,grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Margaret A. Wild
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
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