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Li D, Fang S, He F, Fan X, Wang T, Chen Z, Wang M. Postbiotic derived from Bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025 improves growth performance, mortality rate, immunity, and tibia health in broiler chicks. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1414767. [PMID: 39100762 PMCID: PMC11294237 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1414767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of postbiotics on growth performance, mortality rate, immunity, small intestinal health, tibia characteristics, and hematological parameters of broiler chicks. he postbiotics were derived from Bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025. Methods A total of 480 day-old Arbor acre broiler chicks (52.83 ± 1.38 g) were used in a 42-day study and were randomly allocated into four groups. Each group comprised 6 replicate cages, each containing 20 birds. Dietary treatments were based on a basal diet, supplemented with postbiotics at concentrations of 0.000%, 0.015%, 0.030%, or 0.045%. Results and discussion The results demonstrated an improvement in growth performance, antibody titers against avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus, serum albumin levels, and serum total protein levels, as well as a reduction in mortality rate among broiler chicks with increasing levels of postbiotic supplementation. The most significant effect were observed in the group receiving 0.015% postbiotics. Furthermore, a dose-dependent enhancement in tibia weight and tibia weight to length ratio, coupled with a reduction in the robusticity index, was noted. The most favorable outcomes for tibia health were observed in the group receiving 0.030% postbiotics. This improvement in tibia health corresponded to a linear increase in serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus contents. In summary, supplementing broiler chicks with 0.015% postbiotics effectively enhances immunity, leading to improved growth performance and reduced mortality rates. Additionally, a postbiotic dose of 0.030% is suitable for optimizing tibia health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Li
- College of Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Product Quality and Safety of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shan Fang
- College of Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyan Fan
- College of Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Tieliang Wang
- College of Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Kaiwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinzhou, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- College of Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Mi Wang
- College of Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Guo Y, Xu Y, Wang D, Yang S, Song Z, Li R, He X. Dietary silymarin improves performance by altering hepatic lipid metabolism and cecal microbiota function and its metabolites in late laying hens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:100. [PMID: 38997768 PMCID: PMC11245868 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver lipid dysregulation is one of the major factors in the decline of production performance in late-stage laying hens. Silymarin (SIL), a natural flavonolignan extracted from milk thistle, is known for its hepatoprotective and lipid-lowering properties in humans. This study evaluates whether SIL can provide similar benefits to late-stage laying hens. A total of 480 68-week-old Lohmann Pink laying hens were randomly assigned into 5 groups, each group consisting of 6 replicates with 16 hens each. The birds received a basal diet either without silymarin (control) or supplemented with silymarin at concentrations of 250, 500, 750, or 1,000 mg/kg (SIL250, SIL500, SIL750, SIL1000) over a 12-week period. RESULTS The CON group exhibited a significant decline in laying rates from weeks 9 to 12 compared to the initial 4 weeks (P = 0.042), while SIL supplementation maintained consistent laying rates throughout the study (P > 0.05). Notably, the SIL500 and SIL750 groups showed higher average egg weight than the CON group during weeks 5 to 8 (P = 0.049). The SIL750 group had a significantly higher average daily feed intake across the study period (P < 0.05), and the SIL500 group saw a marked decrease in the feed-to-egg ratio from weeks 5 to 8 (P = 0.003). Furthermore, the SIL500 group demonstrated significant reductions in serum ALT and AST levels (P < 0.05) and a significant decrease in serum triglycerides and total cholesterol at week 12 with increasing doses of SIL (P < 0.05). SIL also positively influenced liver enzyme expression (FASN, ACC, Apo-VLDL II, FXR, and CYP7A1; P < 0.05) and altered the cecal microbiota composition, enhancing species linked to secondary bile acid synthesis. Targeted metabolomics identified 9 metabolites predominantly involved in thiamin metabolism that were significantly different in the SIL groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that dietary SIL supplementation could ameliorate egg production rate in late stage laying hens, mechanistically, this effect was via improving hepatic lipid metabolism and cecal microbiota function to achieve. Revealed the potentially of SIL as a feed supplementation to regulate hepatic lipid metabolism dysregulation. Overall, dietary 500 mg/kg SIL had the best effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghao Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Yudong Xu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Derun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Shihao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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Barreiro Carpio M, Valdes-Pena MA, Molina DA, Espinoza Cabello SEJ, Sialer Guerrero CA, Cribillero G, Vargas Coca KF, Icochea E. Evaluation of commercial doses of a feed additive and silymarin on broiler performance with and without CCl 4-induced liver damage. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103567. [PMID: 38417302 PMCID: PMC10909905 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving productive performance is a daily challenge in the poultry industry. Developing cost-effective additives and strategies that improve performance in antibiotic-free poultry production is critical to maintaining productivity and efficiency. This study evaluates the influence of a commercially available phytogenic feed additive (CA-PFA, that comprises silymarin, betaine and curcumin extracts as main ingredients) and silymarin on commercial broilers' productive performance and liver function with and without carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with six treatments, eight replicates, and eight birds per replicate in 18 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb Vantress 500) each; under a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (3 diets x 2 levels of CCl4, 0 and 1 mL/kg body weight orally). The experimental treatments included 3 diets, commercially recommended doses of CA-PFA (500 mg/kg of feed; this dose provides 70 mg/kg of silymarin, besides the other active ingredients included in the formulation), silymarin (250 mg/kg of feed, containing 28% of active ingredient; this dose provides 70 mg/kg of silymarin as active ingredient) and an additive-free basal diet as a control. A standard commercial silymarin was used as a reference due to its well-known and extensively studied hepatoprotective properties that can mitigate the negative effects of CCl4 in the liver. The data were analyzed as a 2-way ANOVA, and the means showing significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were then compared using the Post-Hoc Tukey HSD test. No interaction was detected between factors. Exposure to CCl4 had a noticeable detrimental effect on alertness, productive performance, and liver function of broilers without a significant increase in mortality. Including CA-PFA in the diet improved productive performance compared to the basal diet from day 21 to the end of the trial, on day 42. While no influence in feed intake was detected for any treatment, CA-PFA improved body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly (P < 0.05) from day 21 to the end of the trial in healthy and CCl4-exposed birds. The results show that CA-PFA supplementation improves performance parameters in broilers with and without CCl4-induced liver damage, when compared to a basal diet and the addition of a standard commercial silymarin product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Barreiro Carpio
- R&D Department, Ilender Perú S.A., Lima, Peru; Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC.
| | - M Alejandro Valdes-Pena
- R&D Department, Ilender Perú S.A., Lima, Peru; Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Cribillero
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, San Borja, Lima, Peru; Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Katherine F Vargas Coca
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - Eliana Icochea
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, San Borja, Lima, Peru
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Anupama Sekar J, Velayudhan S, Senthilkumar M, Anil Kumar PR. Silymarin enriched gelatin methacrylamide bioink imparts hepatoprotectivity to 3D bioprinted liver construct against carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 198:114272. [PMID: 38537909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional liver bioprinting is an emerging technology in the field of regenerative medicine that aids in the creation of functional tissue constructs that can be used as transplantable organ substitutes. During transplantation, the bioprinted donor liver must be protected from the oxidative stress environment created by various factors during the transplantation procedure, as well as from drug-induced damage from medications taken as part of the post-surgery medication regimen following the procedure. In this study, Silymarin, a flavonoid with the hepatoprotective properties were introduced into the GelMA bioink formulation to protect the bioprinted liver against hepatotoxicity. The concentration of silymarin to be added in GelMA was optimised, bioink properties were evaluated, and HepG2 cells were used to bioprint liver tissue. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce hepatotoxicity in bioprinted liver, and the effect of this chemical on the metabolic activities of HepG2 cells was studied. The results showed that Silymarin helps with albumin synthesis and shields liver tissue from the damaging effects of CCl4. According to gene expression analysis, CCl4 treatment increased TNF-α and the antioxidant enzyme SOD expression in HepG2 cells while the presence of silymarin protected the bioprinted construct from CCl4-induced damage. Thus, the outcomes demonstrate that the addition of silymarin in GelMA formulation protects liver function in toxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Anupama Sekar
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 012, India
| | - Shiny Velayudhan
- Division of Dental Products, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 012, India
| | - M Senthilkumar
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 012, India
| | - P R Anil Kumar
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 012, India.
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Abubakar MG, Agbon AN, Musa SA, Hamman WO, Oladele SB. Biochemical, morphological and molecular assessments of n butanol fraction of Phoenix dactylifera L. following exposure to inorganic mercury on the liver of Wistar rats. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:15. [PMID: 38641806 PMCID: PMC11027370 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury chloride (HgCl2) damages tissues it comes in contact with in sufficient concentration. This study evaluated the protective effects of n-butanol fraction of Phoenix dactylifera (BFPD) on mercury-triggered liver toxicity in Wistar rats. 25 male rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group I was administered 2 ml/kg of distilled water; group II was administered 5 mg/kg of HgCl2; group III was administered 500 mg/kg of BFPD + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2; group IV was administered 1000 mg/kg of BFPD + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2, while group V was administered 100 mg/kg of silymarin + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2. orally for 2 weeks. The rats were euthanized and liver tissue blood samples were collected for histological, histochemical, stereological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and biochemical studies. RESULTS The results revealed that HgCl2 induced oxidative stress in the rats evident by histoarchitectural distortions and altered levels of liver enzymes, proteins, and oxidative stress biomarkers when compared to the control. However, BFPD treatment restored these changes. Glutathione peroxidase levels decreased (p < 0.05) in the HgCl2-treated group when compared to the control and BFPD-treated groups. HgCl2 group revealed reduced reactivity with histochemical and immunohistochemical stains (Masson's Trichrome and B cell Lymphoma 2) when compared to the control, with a significant decrease in quantified liver Bcl-2 stain intensity when compared to the silymarin-treated group. BFPD administration revealed normal staining intensity comparable to the control. HgCl2 administration revealed a remarked decrease in the number of hepatocytes when compared to the control, BFPD, and silymarin groups. BFPD preserved (p < 0.05) the stereological features when compared to the HgCl2-treated group. GPx activity in the liver decreased (p < 0.05) with HgCl2 administration when compared to the control and silymarin-treated groups. BFPD attenuated GPx gene activity to levels similar to the control indicating some level of amelioration against HgCl2-induced toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The ability of BFPD to mitigate HgCl2 triggered liver alterations could be attributed to the antioxidant property of its flavonoid content. Therefore, BFPD may be a potential candidate for treating and managing liver-induced mercury intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Garba Abubakar
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
- Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - A N Agbon
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S A Musa
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - W O Hamman
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S B Oladele
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Mahasneh ZMH, Abuajamieh M, Abedal-Majed MA, Al-Qaisi M, Abdelqader A, Al-Fataftah ARA. Effects of medical plants on alleviating the effects of heat stress on chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103391. [PMID: 38242055 PMCID: PMC10828596 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, global climate change has led to a significant increase in the average ambient temperature causing heat stress (HS) waves. This increase has resulted in more frequent heat waves during the summer periods. HS can have detrimental effects on poultry, including growth retardation, imbalance in immune/antioxidant pathways, inflammation, intestinal dysfunction, and economic losses in the poultry industry. Therefore, it is crucial to find an effective, safe, applicable, and economically efficient method for reducing these negative influences. Medicinal plants (MPs) contain various bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Due to the biological activities of MPs, it could be used as promising thermotolerance agents in poultry diets during HS conditions. Nutritional supplementation with MPs has been shown to improve growth performance, antioxidant status, immunity, and intestinal health in heat-exposed chickens. As a result, several types of herbs have been supplemented to mitigate the harmful effects of heat stress in chickens. Therefore, several types of herbs have been supplemented to mitigate the harmful effects of heat stress in chickens. This review aims to discuss the negative consequences of HS in poultry and explore the use of different traditional MPs to enhance the health status of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab M H Mahasneh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Mohannad Abuajamieh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohamed A Abedal-Majed
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohmmad Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Anas Abdelqader
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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Mao J, Tan L, Tian C, Wang W, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Li Y. Hepatoprotective effect of syringin combined with costunolide against LPS-induced acute liver injury in L-02 cells via Rac1/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11994-12020. [PMID: 37916984 PMCID: PMC10683587 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) leads to abnormal liver function and damage to liver cells. Syringin (syr) and costunolide (cos) are the major extracts from Dolomiaea souliei (Franch.) C.Shih (D. souliei), showing diverse biological functions in various biological processes. We explored the underlying hepatoprotective effects of syr+cos against LPS-induced ALI. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using an MTT assay and immunofluorescence staining. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. ELISA was utilized to measure liver function and antioxidant stress indexes. qRT-PCR and western blotting was performed to determine mRNA and protein levels respectively. Using shRNA approach to Rac1 analyzed transcriptional targets. The results showed that syr+cos promoted L-02 cell proliferation, inhibiting the cell apoptosis and blocking cell cycle in G1 and G2/M phase. Syr+cos decreased the production of ALT, AST, LDH, MDA and ROS while increased SOD and CAT activities. Pretreated with syr+cos may decrease expressions of caspase-3,7,9, NF-κB, TNF-α proteins, Cyclin B, CDK1 and p-IκB proteins while p-IκB increased. Silencing of Rac-1 may protect the liver by increasing AKT, S473, T308 and reducing p-AKT proteins. Syr+cos exhibits anti-ALI activity via Rac1/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway which might act as an effective candidate drug for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Mao
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lihong Tan
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Cheng Tian
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhaojing Zhu
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yan Li
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
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El-Kot SM, Wanas W, Hafez AM, Mahmoud NA, Tolba AM, Younis AH, Sayed GE, Abdelwahab HE. Effect of silymarin on the relative gene expressions of some inflammatory cytokines in the liver of CCl 4-intoxicated male rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15245. [PMID: 37710007 PMCID: PMC10502111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The intensive exposure of the liver cells to any type of noxae, such as viruses, drugs, alcohols, and xenobiotics could induce hepatic inflammation through the upregulation of gene expression of several fibrotic and inflammatory mediators. So, our study assessed the role of silymarin on the inflammatory response induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as an example of xenobiotics on liver tissues in male rats. Forty-eight Wister male rats (weight: 130 ± 10) were housed for 14 days and then divided randomly into six groups: control, SLY: rats received only silymarin orally for 12 weeks (daily), CO: rats were injected with corn oil for 8 weeks (3 times weekly), CCl4: rats were injected with CCl4 solubilized in corn oil for 8 weeks (day by day), Treated: rats received silymarin for 4 weeks after CCl4 injection, Protected: rats received silymarin for 4 weeks before and 8 weeks during CCl4 injection. When the treatment period for the rats was over, they underwent scarification after anesthesia. Then, the sera were extracted from the collected blood for the determination of irisin levels, liver functions, and lipid profiles. Liver tissues were separated for the histopathological examinations, the determination of oxidative stress (OS) parameters content, and the relative gene expression of inflammatory cytokines; nuclear factor kappa (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). The findings showed that silymarin reduced liver inflammation by overcoming the OS process and inflammatory cytokines production which was stimulated by CCl4. These results were confirmed by histopathology of liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M El-Kot
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt.
- Environmental Studies Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
| | - Wessam Wanas
- Materials Science Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Afaf M Hafez
- Environmental Studies Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Nihal A Mahmoud
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11754, Egypt
| | - Amina M Tolba
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11754, Egypt
| | - Abeer H Younis
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, 21556, Egypt
| | - Gamal El Sayed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt
- Waste Water Lab, Baheria Water and Waste Company, Baheria, Damanhur, 107, Egypt
| | - Huda E Abdelwahab
- Environmental Studies Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt
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9
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Jobe MC, Mthiyane DMN, Dludla PV, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Onwudiwe DC, Mwanza M. Pathological Role of Oxidative Stress in Aflatoxin-Induced Toxicity in Different Experimental Models and Protective Effect of Phytochemicals: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5369. [PMID: 37513242 PMCID: PMC10386527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a secondary metabolite with a potentially devastating effect in causing liver damage in broiler chickens, and this is mainly facilitated through the generation of oxidative stress and malonaldehyde build-up. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in controlling the invasion of aflatoxins. Phytochemicals are some of the commonly used molecules endowed with potential therapeutic effects to ameliorate aflatoxin, by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species and enhancing intracellular antioxidant enzymes. Experimental models involving cell cultures and broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin or contaminated diet have been used to investigate the ameliorative effects of phytochemicals against aflatoxin toxicity. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were used to identify relevant data sources. The retrieved information reported on the link between aflatoxin B1-included cytotoxicity and the ameliorative potential/role of phytochemicals in chickens. Importantly, retrieved data showed that phytochemicals may potentially protect against aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress and enhancing intracellular antioxidants. Preclinical data indicate that activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), together with its downstream antioxidant genes, may be a potential therapeutic mechanism by which phytochemicals neutralize oxidative stress. This highlights the need for more research to determine whether phytochemicals can be considered a useful therapeutic intervention in controlling mycotoxins to improve broiler health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Cebile Jobe
- Department of Animal Science, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Doctor M N Mthiyane
- Department of Animal Science, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | | | - Damian C Onwudiwe
- Department of Chemistry, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Mulunda Mwanza
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Department of Animal Health, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
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Tedesco DEA, Guerrini A. Use of Milk Thistle in Farm and Companion Animals: A Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:584-607. [PMID: 36302565 DOI: 10.1055/a-1969-2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Milk thistle, Silybum marianum, is a medicinal plant grown for its bioactive compounds with well-documented antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Milk thistle has a well-established pharmacological reputation for treatments of human liver disease, but it is also used in animals. This review summarizes the experimental evidence of milk thistle's effects on animals when administered as silymarin extract (feed additive) or a feed ingredient, if administered as seed or expeller/cake with the seed residue still containing the bioactive components. The use as a feed additive or feed ingredient is motivated by the complexity of silymarin registration as a veterinary drug. In farm animals, the drug improves the animals' performance and product quality and oxidative stability, supports liver function during the productive life-cycle, improves gut-health and morphology, and can reduce intestinal pathogens. In dogs and cats, the treatment is focused on acute and chronic liver diseases including the detoxification processes and support of drug treatments including chemotherapy. In equine athletes, milk seed cake showed positive effects and a faster return of cortisol to the resting values before exercise occurred. In aquaculture, it confirms its usefulness in supporting animal health and performance. In certain studies it is not clear what has been administered, and the composition and doses are not always clearly reported. A few studies reported no effects, but none reported problems connected to milk thistle administration. However, the overall picture shows that the use of milk thistle results in improved or restored health parameters or better animal performance.
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Fadil HAE, Behairy A, Ebraheim LLM, Abd-Elhakim YM, Fathy HH. The palliative effect of mulberry leaf and olive leaf ethanolic extracts on hepatic CYP2E1 and caspase-3 immunoexpression and oxidative damage induced by paracetamol in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:41682-41699. [PMID: 36637651 PMCID: PMC10067661 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the possible protective role of mulberry leaf (MLE) and olive leaf (OLE) ethanolic extracts against paracetamol (PTL)-induced liver injury in rats compared to silymarin as a reference drug. Initially, MLE and OLE were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Then, forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: the negative control group orally received distilled water for 35 days, the PTL-treated group (PTG) received 500 mg PTL/kg b. wt. for 7 days, the MLE-treated group (MLTG) received 400 mg MLE/kg b. wt., the OLE-treated group (OLTG) received 400 mg OLE/kg b. wt., and the silymarin-treated group (STG) received 100 mg silymarin/kg b. wt. The last three groups received the treatment for 28 days, then PTL for 7 days. The GC-MS characterization revealed that MLE comprised 19 constituents dominated by ethyl linoleate, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, and squalene. Moreover, OLE comprised 30 components, and the major components were 11-eicosenoic acid, oleic acid, phytol, and à-tetralone. MLE and OLE significantly corrected the PTL-induced normocytic normochromic anemia, leukocytosis, hypercholesterolemia, and hypoproteinemia. Moreover, the MLE and OLE pretreatment considerably suppressed the PTL-induced increment in serum levels of hepatic enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Furthermore, the PTL-induced depletion in antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and the rise in hepatic malondialdehyde content were significantly reversed by the MLE and OLE pretreatment. Besides, MLE and OLE pretreatment significantly protected the hepatic tissue against PTL-induced DNA damage, pathological perturbations, and increased caspase 3 and CYP2E1 immunoexpression. Of note, OLTG showed better enhancement of most indices rather than MLTG. Conclusively, these findings imply that OLE, with its antioxidant and antiapoptotic capabilities, is superior to MLE in protecting against PTL-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosny Abd El Fadil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa L M Ebraheim
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Heba Hussein Fathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Effects of the Vitamin D3 on Alleviating the Oxidative Stress Induced by Diquat in Wenchang Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040711. [PMID: 36830496 PMCID: PMC9951941 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) is an indispensable micronutrient in livestock and poultry feed. Its function in antioxidant stress has been reported. We investigate whether the addition of different concentrations of VD3 to the diet affects the production performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, organ index, and gut injury on the diquat (DQ)-induced model of oxidative stress in Wenchang chickens. Four hundred and eighty one-day-old chickens were randomly divided into six groups: control (basal diet), 4000 VD (basal diet + VD3 4000 IU per kg feed intake), 1000 VD+DI (DQ, basal diet + VD3 1000 IU per kg feed intake), 2000 VD+DI (DQ, basal diet + VD3 2000 IU per kg feed intake), and 4000 VD+DI (DQ, basal diet + VD3 4000 IU per kg feed intake). The results showed that the addition of VD3 to the diet promoted DQ-induced weight loss and reduced ADFI, slaughter rate, splenic index, and pH after 1 h and 24 h in the leg muscles. VD3 decreased the increase in content of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) among proinflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05) and increased the reduction in anti-inflammatory cytokines content of interleukin-10 (IL-10) (p < 0.05) induced by DQ. In addition, liver and kidney injury biomarkers and the intestinal permeability index in serum were disordered after treatment with DQ (p < 0.05). VD3 perfected the increase of D-lactic acid (D-LA), diamine oxidase (DAO), total cholesterol (T-CHO), creatinine (CR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) content, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (p < 0.05); it increased the decrease of albumin (ALB) content (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, VD3 regulated the intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier. Moreover, DQ induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity in the serum, liver, and jejunum (p < 0.05), and an increase in malonaldehyde (MDA) content (p < 0.05). However, the addition of different levels of VD3 could alleviate the above phenomenon of oxidative stress in Wenchang chickens to different degrees. Thus, this research suggested that the addition of VD3 can relieve the DQ-induced oxidative stress of Wenchang chickens, and the level of VD3 acquisition is positively correlated with the remission effect.
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Miao W, Huang R, Huang X, Gao F, Leng X, Li Q. Physicochemical Properties and In Vivo Hepatoprotective Effect of Polysaccharides from Grape Pomace. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020394. [PMID: 36829953 PMCID: PMC9952491 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, the polysaccharides from grape pomace, a by-product in the wine industry, were characterized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The polysaccharides were extracted and studied using spectroscopic and chemical methods. The results revealed that GPPs are rich in arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid and are heteropolysaccharides without protein and nucleic acid, containing α-glycoside bonds with irregular clusters on the surface. In vitro antioxidant activity assays indicated that GPPs have concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. In vivo, GPPs markedly decreased the levels of TNF-a, IL-6, ALT, AST and MDA in serum and liver tissues and restored the levels of SOD, CAT and GSH. Additionally, further histopathological examination confirmed that GPPs could mitigate the injury of liver induced by CCl4. Our results demonstrate that GPPs had antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects, and they are expected to be a potential ingredient for functional foods or hepatoprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Miao
- Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiangpeng Leng
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Institute of Grape Science and Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Correspondence:
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Alamri ES, El Rabey HA, Alzahrani OR, Almutairi FM, Attia ES, Bayomy HM, Albalwi RA, Rezk SM. Enhancement of the Protective Activity of Vanillic Acid against Tetrachloro-Carbon (CCl 4) Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats by the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238308. [PMID: 36500401 PMCID: PMC9737075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the hepatoprotective activity of vanillic acid, silymarin, and vanillic acid-loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was tested in male rats for four weeks. Thirty male rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). The 1st group was a negative control, the 2nd group was a positive control, the 3rd group was treated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of vanillic acid, the 4th group was treated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of vanillic acid-AgNPs, and the 5th group was treated with 50 mg/kg b.w. of silymarin. The CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity in the 2nd group was revealed by the liver function and all other biochemical tests. Liver enzymes, bilirubin, lipid peroxidation, lactate dehydrogenase, and interleukin-6 were elevated, whereas, total protein, antioxidant enzymes, and irisin were decreased compared to the negative control. The hepatic tissues were also injured as a result of the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Treating the hepatotoxic rats with vanillic acid moderately protected the rats of the 3rd group, whereas treatment with vanillic AgNPs and silymarin in G4 and G5, respectively, greatly protected the rats against the CCl4 hepatotoxicity, approaching the normal biochemical levels and liver tissue appearance. The biochemical tests were confirmed by the histological investigations of liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S. Alamri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haddad A. El Rabey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Fahad M. Almutairi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman S. Attia
- National Nutrition Institute, Ministry of Health, Cairo 4262114, Egypt
| | - Hala M. Bayomy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Renad A. Albalwi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar M. Rezk
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Mahalla Hepatology Teaching Hospital, El-Mahalla El-Kubra 4260010, Egypt
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Manzione MG, Herrera‐Bravo J, Sharifi‐Rad J, Kregiel D, Sevindik M, Sevindik E, Salamoglu Z, Zam W, Vitalini S, Hano C, Kukula‐Koch W, Koch W, Pezzani R. Desmodium adscendens
(Sw.) DC.: A magnificent plant with biological and pharmacological properties. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Manzione
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED) University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Jesús Herrera‐Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Santo Tomas Santiago Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | | | - Dorota Kregiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology Lodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
| | - Mustafa Sevindik
- Department of Food Processing, Bahçe Vocational School Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Osmaniye Turkey
| | - Emre Sevindik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Adnan Menderes University Aydin Turkey
| | - Zeliha Salamoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Nigde Turkey
| | - Wissam Zam
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Al‐Andalus University for Medical Sciences Tartous Syria
| | - Sara Vitalini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
- Phytochem Lab, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie Des Ligneux Et Des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) INRA USC1328 Université ď Orléans Orléans Cedex 2 France
| | - Wirginia Kukula‐Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition Medical University of Lublin 4a Chodźki Str. Lublin 20‐093 Poland
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED) University of Padova Padova Italy
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base Padova Italy
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Mostafa-Hedeab G, Ewaiss Hassan M, F. Halawa T, Ahmed Wani ِF. Epigallocatechin gallate ameliorates tetrahydrochloride-induced liver toxicity in rats via inhibition of TGFβ / p-ERK/p-Smad1/2 signaling, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1293-1300. [PMID: 36249942 PMCID: PMC9563045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease is a worldwide health problem. Carbon tetra hydrochloride is an environmental toxin which is regarded as highly toxic and a potential human carcinogen. It can cause liver damage through the generation of metabolites and production of free radicals. Green tea contains catechins such as Epigallocatechin gallate which has been found to reduce the inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in experimental animal models. Hence, it represents a good source to prevent or ameliorate several chronic diseases. Silymarin is extracted from milk thistle seeds and has been found to be an effective agent to reduce the oxidative stress and free radical production and thereby exert protective effects in chronic liver conditions. The present study was planned to keep in view the above-mentioned facts. We included thirty rats in our study and divided them into five groups, each having six rats and the study continued for 8 weeks. Group I received normal saline; Group 2 received i.p. CCl4 injections; Group 3 received CCl4 i.p. injection and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) oral gavage, Group 4 received CCl4 i.p. injection and silymarin by oral gavage; and Group 5 received CCl4 i.p. injection and combined EGCG + silymarin by oral gavage. The study found that in group 2, CCl4 induced significant elevation of ALT and MDA and reduced GSH thereby signifying increased oxidative stress. CCl4 also significantly increased inflammatory (TNFα, NFκB, IL1β, and TGFβ) as well as fibrotic markers (p-ERK and p-Smad1/2 protein expression). EGCG and silymarin significantly reversed the previously mentioned parameters either alone or in combination; however, the effect was more pronounced in case of EGCG. We conclude that EGCG and silymarin possess liver protective effects through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic action.
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Anbar HS, Shehab NG, El-Rouby NM, Ansari MA, Chenoth H, Majeed M, Naeem K, Hersi F, Omar HA. Upadacitinib protects against cisplatin-induced renal and hepatic dysfunction without impairing its anticancer activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 172:106149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Vernonia amygdalina (Astereaceae) Extract on CCl 4-Induced Liver Injury in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123371. [PMID: 34944148 PMCID: PMC8698013 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Since the ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry feed, many studies have focused on the use of plants in poultry feed as an alternative to this ban. Currently, many plants are used to improve the growth performance and health status of poultry. Few studies are conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of these plants in poultry. The current study showed that Vernonia amygdalina extract confers a hepatoprotective effect on poultry. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract (VALE) on the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity (CCl4) in broiler chickens. A total of 360-day-old broilers were divided into 4 treatments of 90 birds each consisting of 6 replicates of 15 birds each. The treatments were birds offered 1 mL/kg BW saline (control group), 100 mg/kg BW VALE, 1 mL/kg BW CCl4 (CCl4-treated group), and 100 mg/kg BW VALE + 1 mL/kg BW CCl4 (VALE + CCl4 group). Blood samples were collected at 42 days of age and analyzed for the liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and selected biochemical parameters. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. The results obtained showed that VALE had the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of CCl4 on protein and lipid metabolism as reflected in the low serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which is a marker of lipid peroxidation. The aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight showed a moderate hepatoprotective effect by reducing serum AST levels (p < 0.05). The levels of serum AST, ALP, ALT, and GGT were significantly increased in CCl4-treated birds compared to the control group, reflecting carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. The VALE + CCl4 group showed a significantly higher amount of ALP compared to birds treated with carbon tetrachloride, suggesting a hepatoprotective effect. To conclude, Vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract can be used to confer protection against hepatotoxicity, which can induce severe hepatocellular damage in birds.
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Angeles-Valencia M, Morales-González Á, Morales-Martínez M, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, Fregoso-Aguilar T, Delgado-Olivares L, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Morales-González JA. Effect of Silymarin Supplementation in Lung and Liver Histological Modifications during Exercise Training in a Rodent Model. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6030072. [PMID: 34564191 PMCID: PMC8482127 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training induces adaptive physiological and morphological modifications in the entire organism; however, excessive loads of training may increase damage in tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of silymarin in lung and liver histological changes in rats subjected to exercise training (ET). METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to an 8-week ET treadmill program 5 days per week, 60 min/session, and were previously administered 100 mg ascorbic acid or 100 mg of silymarin. RESULTS Silymarin increased alveolar and bronchial muscle size, improve vascularization, and reduced tissue inflammation. In liver, silymarin promoted the reduction of lipid content. CONCLUSION Silymarin supplementation may improve inflammation in pulmonary tissue after 8 weeks of the ET treadmill program, improve cell recovery, and reduce intrahepatic lipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.)
| | - Marcelo Angeles-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.)
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n Esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico;
| | - Mauricio Morales-Martínez
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Universidad Intercontinental, Insurgentes Sur 4303, Santa Úrsula Xitla, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14420, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Tomás Fregoso-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Hormonas y Conducta, Departamento de Fisiología, ENCB Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07700, Mexico;
| | - Luis Delgado-Olivares
- Centro de Investigación Interdisciplinario, Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Actopan-Tilcuauttla, s/n, Ex Hacienda La Concepción, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.)
- Correspondence: (E.O.M.-S.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (E.O.M.-S. & J.A.M.-G.)
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.)
- Correspondence: (E.O.M.-S.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (E.O.M.-S. & J.A.M.-G.)
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Silva MAC, dos Anjos Melo DF, de Oliveira SAM, Cruz ADC, da Conceição EC, de Paula JR, Lino Junior RDS, da Cunha LC. Acute and a 28-repeated dose toxicity study of commercial oleoresin from Copaifera sp. in rodents. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jahanian E, Mahdavi A, Jahanian R. Silymarin improved the growth performance via modulating the microbiota and mucosal immunity in Escherichia coli-challenged broiler chicks. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Behboodi HR, Sedaghat A, Baradaran A, Nazarpak HH. The effects of the mixture of betaine, vitamin C, St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), lavender, and Melissa officinalis on performance and some physiological parameters in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101344. [PMID: 34358952 PMCID: PMC8350528 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented rate of global warming requires more immaculate strategies to fight the heat stress and its detrimental effects on poultry sector. Nutritional strategies, particularly herbal extracts, play a crucial importance in this scenario. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a novel selected mixture (hereafter refers to as Stress-Bio-Max, SBM) comprising St John's wort, lavender, Melissa officinalis extracts, betaine, and Vit C on heat-stressed broilers. A total of 300 male broiler chicks were allocated to 4 treatments: T1, Control (no SBM in drinking water); T2, 0.25 mL/L of SBM in drinking water; T3, 0.5 and T4, 1 mL/L of SBM, which applied since d 32. The birds underwent heat stress (40 ± 1) daily from d 35 to 42 of the experiment (2 pm–8 pm). The results show the superior weight gain of T2 and T3 from d 7 to 42 compared to other groups, 72.5 and 72.7 g/d, respectively (P < 0.05). Corticosterone level was higher on d 35 in T1 (4.674 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and lower in T2 and T3 (2.64 and 2.952 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.05); T2 and T3 also caused the lowest concentrations of corticosterone on d 40 (5.198 and 6.458 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.05). The superior triiodothyronine levels belonged to T2 (0.935 ng/mL, P < 0.05) on d 35 and T2 and T3 on d 40 (0.699 and 0.582 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.05). T2, T3, and T4 caused a rise in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities (P < 0.05). A significant higher amount of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) belonged to the groups treating with SBM (P < 0.05). The SBM in T2 and T3 resulted in the lowest levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Results from this study indicate that SBM may alleviate the negative impacts associated with heat stress in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Behboodi
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4918943464, Iran; Research and Development Department, Kianpharmino Group Co., Amol, Mazandaran 4616617357, Iran
| | - Asghar Sedaghat
- Poultry Science Department, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115336, Iran
| | - Atefeh Baradaran
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4918943464, Iran; Research and Development Department, Kianpharmino Group Co., Amol, Mazandaran 4616617357, Iran
| | - Hadi Haghbin Nazarpak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar 3581631167, Iran.
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The potential effect of phytochemicals and herbal plant remedies for treating drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4767-4788. [PMID: 34075538 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury significantly caused by synthetic drugs, and other xenobiotics contribute to clinical hepatic dysfunction, which has been a substantial challenge for both patients and physicians. Traditional medicines used as an alternative therapy because of their pharmacological benefits, less or no side effects, and enormous availability in nature. Phytochemicals are essential ingredients of plants that reduce necrotic cell death, restore the antioxidant defence mechanism, limit oxidative stress, and prevent the inflammation of tissue and dysfunction of the mitochondria. In this review, we principally focused on the potential effect of the herbal plants and their phytochemicals in treating drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Simon JP, Evan Prince S. Ameliorative activity of aqueous leaf extract from Madhuca longifolia against diclofenac-administered toxicity on rat stomach and intestine. J Histotechnol 2021; 44:114-126. [PMID: 33656414 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2020.1861917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Madhuca longifolia, a tropical tree used as medicine and food, is known to have a beneficial effect against stomach gastric toxicity. Madhuca longifolia is used in treating cough, skin disease and nerve disorders. Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with overdosage and prolonged use, is known to cause gastric toxicity. Silymarin (SLY), a polyphenolic antioxidant flavonoid, is a derivative of Silybum marianum extracted from milk thistle seeds and fruits, has been widely used in the treatment of gastric ulcer. SLY was used as the standard drug to compare the effects with the Madhuca longifolia aqueous leaf extract treatment. The aim of the current study is to understand the effect of Madhuca longifolia aq. leaf extract on rat stomach and intestine against diclofenac-administered toxicity. Rats (n = 30) were divided into Group I normal control, Group II treated with diclofenac, Group III treated with diclofenac and Madhuca longifolia leaf extract, Group IV treated with diclofenac and silymarin, and Group V was treated with Madhuca longifolia leaf extract alone. After the study duration, rats were euthanized and tissue samples were analyzed for antioxidant, cytokine, protein expression levels and histopathological changes. Diclofenac treated rats had significant (p < 0.05) changes in levels of antioxidants, cytokines, protein expression and pathological changes as compared to rats treated with Madhuca longifolia. This study demonstrated that Madhuca longifolia leaf extract had gastroprotective activity in rats treated with diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerine Peter Simon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India
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Su L, Wang R, Qiu T, Wang J, Meng J, Zhu J, Wang D, Wu Y, Liu J. The protective effect of baicalin on duck hepatitis A virus type 1-induced duck hepatic mitochondria dysfunction by activating nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element signaling pathway. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101032. [PMID: 33744612 PMCID: PMC8010464 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is the main pathogen of duck viral hepatitis, but the efficacy of the licensed commercial vaccine needs to be further improved. Therapeutic measures of specific drugs for DHAV-1-infected ducklings need to be urgently developed. Baicalin possesses good antiviral effects. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of baicalin in protecting hepatic mitochondrial function from DHAV-1. The ELISA method was used to detect changes of hepatic and mitochondrial catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in vivo and vitro. Hematoxylin and eosin sections and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe liver pathological changes and mitochondrial structural changes. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by JC-1 staining method. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were employed to analyze the gene and protein expressions in the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant responsive element (ARE) pathway in duck embryonic hepatocytes infected with DHAV-1. Results showed the administration of baicalin increased the survival rate of ducklings, and alleviated hepatic damage caused by DHAV-1 by enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities of the liver and mitochondria, including SOD, GPX, CAT, and reducing lipid peroxidative damage (MDA content) and iNOS activities. The mitochondrial ultrastructure changed and the significant increase of ATP content showed that baicalin maintained the structural integrity and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction after DHAV-1 infection. In vitro, DHAV-1 infection led to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidative enzyme activities (SOD, GPX) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities (succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase). Baicalin relieved the above changes caused by DHAV-1 and activated the gene and protein expressions of Nrf2, which activated ARE-dependent genes including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), SOD-1, and GPX-1. In addition, baicalin increased the protein expressions of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, GPX). Hence, baicalin protects the liver against oxidative stress in hepatic mitochondria caused by DHAV-1 via activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglin Su
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China
| | - Rui Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China
| | - Tianxin Qiu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China
| | - Jinli Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China
| | - Jinwu Meng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China
| | - Jinyue Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China
| | - Deyun Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China.
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26
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El Rabey HA, Rezk SM, Sakran MI, Mohammed GM, Bahattab O, Balgoon MJ, Elbakry MA, Bakry N. Green coffee methanolic extract and silymarin protect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in albino male rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:19. [PMID: 33413326 PMCID: PMC7792057 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last few decades, patients worldwide have been interested in using alternative medicine in treating diseases to avoid the increased side effects of chemical medications. Green coffee is unroasted coffee seeds that have higher amounts of chlorogenic acid compared to roasted coffee. Green coffee was successfully used to protect against obesity, Alzheimer disease, high blood pressure and bacterial infection. METHODS This study aimed to investigate the probable protective activity of the green coffee methanolic extract, silymarin and their combination on CCl4-induced liver toxicity in male rats. Thirty Sprague - Dawley male albino rats were divided into 5 groups; control negative (G1) just got the vehicle (olive oil) and the other four groups received CCl4 dissolved in olive oil through an intraperitoneal injection and were divided into untreated control positive group (G2), the third group (G3) was treated with green coffee methanolic extract, the fourth group (G4) was treated with silymarin, and the fifth group (G5) was treated with a combination of green coffee methanolic extract and silymarin. RESULTS In the positive control group treated with CCl4 (G2), the CCl4-induced toxicity increased lipid peroxidation, IL-6, kidney function parameters, liver function enzymes, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins, and decreased irisin, antioxidants, CYP450 and high-density lipoprotein levels. Hepatic tissues were also injured. However, treating the injured rats in G3, G4 and G5 significantly improved the altered parameters and hepatic tissues. CONCLUSIONS Green coffee methanolic extract, silymarin, and their combination succeeded in protecting the male rats against CCl4 hepatotoxicity due to their antioxidant activity. Effect of green coffee methanolic extract mixed with silymarin in G5 was more efficient than that of green coffee methanolic extract in G3 or silymarin in G4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haddad A El Rabey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. .,Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Samar M Rezk
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Mahalla Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Gharbyia, El-Mahalla El-Kubra, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Sakran
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Biochemistry section, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ghena M Mohammed
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Bahattab
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha J Balgoon
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Elbakry
- Biochemistry section, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nadia Bakry
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cord Blood Unit, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
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27
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Yang G, Zhan J, Yang Y, Yuan L, Wang P, Ho CT, Li S. Inhibitory effects of oxyresveratrol on ERK and Smad1/2 phosphorylation and HSC activation in preventing carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver fibrosis. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Gupta A, Pandey AK. Aceclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity: An ameliorative effect of Terminalia bellirica fruit and ellagic acid. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:949-964. [PMID: 33312421 PMCID: PMC7701975 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i11.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aceclofenac (ACF), a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been associated with a number of severe cases of clinical hepatotoxicity. Terminalia bellirica, an evergreen tree, is known to have several ethnomedicinal uses including antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. Hence T. bellirica fruit extracts and its phytoconstituent ellagic acid (EA) are expected to provide protection against oxidative stress and liver damage produced by long-term use of ACF.
AIM To evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of T. bellirica fruit extracts and EA against ACF-induced toxicity in albino Wistar rats.
METHODS The in vitro antioxidant activities of T. bellirica fruit ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts were measured by metal ion chelation and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays. The in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of T. bellirica extracts (200 mg/kg) and EA (40 mg/kg) in ACF-induced hepatotoxic rats were assessed in serum and liver tissue after oral administration for 21 d. Silymarin (40 mg/kg) was used as a standard control. Oxidative stress markers in the blood (ferric reducing ability of plasma and lipid peroxidation inhibition) and liver tissues (superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde) were analyzed using standard protocols. Liver function markers such as alkaline phosphatase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase, creatinine, total protein, and uric acid were evaluated in rat serum.
RESULTS The T. bellirica fruit ethyl acetate extract exhibited superior metal ion chelating and nitric oxide radical scavenging abilities during in vitro antioxidant assays as compared to aqueous extracts. Oral administration of ACF in rats (15 mg/kg) for 21 d produced oxidative stress and adversely affected liver function suggesting liver injury. Treatment with extracts (ethyl acetate and aqueous), EA and silymarin accounted for a significant reduction in the adverse effects of ACF on oxidative stress and liver function markers in serum and hepatic tissue in rats. Histopathological evaluation of the liver indicated that the extracts and EA significantly decreased the degree of liver damage. The in vivo efficacy of EA was higher than T. bellirica fruit extracts. Of these extracts, ethyl acetate extract revealed comparatively better antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity.
CONCLUSION Ellagic acid and T. bellirica fruit extracts exhibited considerable hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities in long-term ACF-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hamza TA, Hadwan MH. New Spectrophotometric Method for the Assessment of Catalase Enzyme Activity in Biological Tissues. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411016666200116091238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Catalase is a vital antioxidant enzyme that dismutates H2O2 into water and
molecular oxygen. Many protocols have been developed to measure catalase enzyme activity. Spectrophotometric
methods are the most common assays that used to assess catalase enzyme activity.
Methods:
Because the rate-limiting step during catalase enzyme activity depends upon the dissociation
of hydrogen peroxide, the developed assay measures the reaction between a hydroquinone/
anilinium sulfate/ammonium molybdate reagent and Unreacted Hydrogen Peroxide, which results in
the production of a purple, disubstituted quinone compound with a maximum absorbance value at
550 nm.
Results:
To clarify the precision of the developed method, the coefficients of variation were determined
to be 2.6% and 4.7% within run measurements and between run measurements, respectively.
This method returned results that correlated well (r = 0.9982) with the results returned using the
peroxovanadate method to assess catalase enzyme activity. Additionally, we examined the use of the
newly developed hydroquinone assay to measure catalase enzyme activity in liver and bacterial homogenate
samples.
Conclusion:
These results demonstrated that this assay can be used for scientific research and routine
health applications because it is inexpensive, simple, accurate, and rapid. This method is suitable for
use in clinical pathology laboratories because it is simple and produces precise and reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulfeqar A. Hamza
- Pathological Analysis Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla City, Babylon Governorate, Iraq
| | - Mahmoud H. Hadwan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Babylon, Hilla City, Babylon Governorate, Iraq
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Hassan SK, Mousa AM, El-Sammad NM, Abdel-Halim AH, Khalil WK, Elsayed EA, Anwar N, Linscheid MW, Moustafa ES, Hashim AN, Nawwar M. Antitumor activity of Cuphea ignea extract against benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung tumorigenesis in Swiss Albino mice. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1071-1085. [PMID: 31660294 PMCID: PMC6807375 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among various types of cancer and is the most frequent cancer in the world. The incidence of lung cancer is increasing rapidly, in parallel with an increased incidence of smoking. Effective chemoprevention may be an alternative strategy to control the incidence of lung cancer. Thus, the objective of current work was to ascertain the possible preventive and therapeutic efficacies of Cuphea ignea extract in a mouse model of lung tumorigenesis and its cytotoxicity toward the A549 human lung cancer cell line. Lung tumorigenesis was induced by the oral administration of benzo(a)pyrene (50 mg/kg b.w.) twice per week to Swiss albino mice for 4 weeks. Benzo(a)pyrene-treated mice were orally administered C. ignea (300 mg/kg body weight, 5 days/week) for 2 weeks before or 9 weeks after the first benzo(a)pyrene dose, for a total of 21 weeks. At the end of the administration period, various parameters were measured in the serum and lung tissues. The results revealed that the oral administration of benzo(a)pyrene resulted in increases in relative lung weight, serum levels of tumor markers (ADA, AHH, and LDH), and the inflammatory marker NF-κB, and a decreased total antioxidant capacity compared with the control. In addition, decreased levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation, metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-12), and the angiogenic marker VEGF were detected in lung tissues. Moreover, benzo(a)pyrene administration induced the upregulation of PKCα, COX-2, and Bcl-2 expression, with the downregulation of BAX and caspase-3 expression. C. ignea treatment alleviated all alterations in these parameters, which was further confirmed by the histopathological analysis of lung tissues. The findings of the current work provide the first verification of the preventive and therapeutic potentials of C. ignea extract against benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherien K. Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amria M. Mousa
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Wagdy K.B. Khalil
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Elsayed
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nayera Anwar
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael W. Linscheid
- Laboratory of Applied Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eman S. Moustafa
- October University of Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Amani N. Hashim
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Nawwar
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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