1
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Liu Q, Liu H, Li C, Liu X, Liu G, Li Z. Citric acid treatment inhibits fading of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) by modulating the accumulation of flavonoids. Food Chem 2024; 460:140612. [PMID: 39089034 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Sorghum seeds can discolor during storage. Treatment of seeds with citric acid improves sensory quality and antioxidant activity. This study compared the differences in phenotypic and antioxidant activity between citric acid-treated and water-treated sorghum seeds. The study used transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches to investigate the regulatory mechanisms. The ∆a, ∆b and ∆l values of citric acid-treated sorghum seeds significantly increased after 6 months of storage. The SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activities of the citric acid-treated group were 1.94, 1.91 and 2.45 times higher than those of the control, respectively. The joint transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed that the citric acid-induced changes were mainly focused on the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Citric acid treatment up-regulated CHS, ANR, MYB and bHLH genes and promoted flavonoid accumulation. In conclusion, citric acid treatment promotes flavonoid accumulation, delays sorghum seed discoloration, and enhances antioxidant activity and storage life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Liu
- College of Agriculture/Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; CRRC Guiyang Vehicle Co., LTD., 550025,China.
| | - Hongkai Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Culture and Tourism, University of Jinan, Jinan 250002, China.
| | - ChenLan Li
- Green Pesticide National Key Laboratory, Fine Chemical Research and Development Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025,China.
| | - XueXu Liu
- College of Agriculture/Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- CRRC Guiyang Vehicle Co., LTD., 550025,China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- College of Agriculture/Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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2
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Zhu T, Du M, Chen H, Li G, Wang M, Meng L. Recent insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis, gene involvement, distribution regulation, and domestication process in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 349:112282. [PMID: 39389316 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble natural pigments found broadly in plants. As members of the flavonoid family, they are widely distributed in various tissues and organs, including roots, leaves, and flowers, responsible for purple, red, blue, and orange colors. Beyond pigmentation, anthocyanins play a role in plant propagation, stress response, defense mechanisms, and human health benefits. Anthocyanin biosynthesis involves a series of conserved enzymes encoded by structural genes regulated by various transcription factors. In rice, anthocyanin-mediated pigmentation serves as an important morphological marker for varietal identification and purification, a critical nutrient source, and a key trait in studying rice domestication. Anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice is regulated by a ternary conserved MBW transcriptional complexes comprising MYB transcription factors (TFs), basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs, and WD40 repeat protein, which activate the expression of structure genes. Wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) commonly has purple hull, purple stigma, purple apiculus, purple leaf, and red pericarp due to the accumulations of anthocyanin or proanthocyanin. However, most cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) varieties lose the anthocyanin phenotypes due to the function variations of some regulators including OsC1, OsRb, and Rc and the structure gene OsDFR. Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis. This review summarizes research progress in rice anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways, genes involvements, distribution regulations, and domestication processes. Furthermore, it discusses future prospects for anthocyanin biosynthesis research in rice, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for future investigations and applications, and to assist in breeding new rice varieties with organ-targeted anthocyanin deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Biology of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Mengxue Du
- College of Agriculture and Biology of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biology of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Agriculture and Biology of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Mengping Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biology of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Lingzhi Meng
- College of Agriculture and Biology of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; Institute of Huanghe Studies, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
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3
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Lee YS, Braun EL, Grotewold E. Evolutionary trajectory of transcription factors and selection of targets for metabolic engineering. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230367. [PMID: 39343015 PMCID: PMC11439498 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) provide potentially powerful tools for plant metabolic engineering as they often control multiple genes in a metabolic pathway. However, selecting the best TF for a particular pathway has been challenging, and the selection often relies significantly on phylogenetic relationships. Here, we offer examples where evolutionary relationships have facilitated the selection of the suitable TFs, alongside situations where such relationships are misleading from the perspective of metabolic engineering. We argue that the evolutionary trajectory of a particular TF might be a better indicator than protein sequence homology alone in helping decide the best targets for plant metabolic engineering efforts. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824, USA
| | - Edward L. Braun
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824, USA
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4
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Gao Z, Sun Y, Zhu Z, Ni N, Sun S, Nie M, Du W, Irfan M, Chen L, Zhang L. Transcription factors LvBBX24 and LvbZIP44 coordinated anthocyanin accumulation in response to light in lily petals. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae211. [PMID: 39372289 PMCID: PMC11450212 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Lily (Lilium spp.), a horticultural crop serving both ornamental and edible functions, derives its coloration primarily from anthocyanins. However, limited studies have been conducted on the accumulation of anthocyanins within lilies. In this study, we cloned a light-induced transcription factor named as LvBBX24 in lilies. Through genetic and biochemical analysis, we determined that LvBBX24 could upregulate the transcription of LvMYB5 and facilitate anthocyanin synthesis. Moreover, we identified that darkness promoted the degradation of LvBBX24 protein. Through screening a yeast library, we identified LvbZIP44 acts as its interacting partner. Genetic testing confirmed that LvbZIP44 also plays a role in promoting lily anthocyanin synthesis. This indicates a potential synergistic regulatory effect between LvBBX24 and LvbZIP44. Our study indicates that LvBBX24 and LvbZIP44 cooperate to regulate anthocyanin accumulation in lily petals. These findings provide compelling evidence supporting the idea that LvBBX24 and LvbZIP44 may form a looped helix surrounding the LvMYB5 promoter region to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Yibo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Ziman Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Na Ni
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Shaokun Sun
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Mengyao Nie
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Weifeng Du
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Lijing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
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5
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Wang C, Liu Y, Li Y, Guo L, Li C. Analysis of bZIP transcription factors in Rhododendron simsii and functional study of RsbZIP6 in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135889. [PMID: 39307497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play a critical role in various plant biological processes, including anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study focuses on Rhododendron simsii, a notable ornamental species with insufficiently explored bZIP transcription factors. We identified 66 bZIP transcription factors in the R. simsii genome and conducted comprehensive bioinformatics analyses to determine their gene localization, phylogenetic relationships, grouping, gene/protein structure, duplication events, synteny, and expression profiles. Our analysis identified RsbZIP6, a homolog of HY5 known to influence anthocyanin biosynthesis in many plants, as a potential regulator of this pathway. We cloned the complete coding sequence of RsbZIP6, which encodes a 170-amino acid protein spanning 510 bp. Subcellular localization analysis verified the nuclear presence of the RsbZIP6 protein. RT-qPCR analysis revealed the highest expression of RsbZIP6 in petals, which correlated with anthocyanin accumulation. Transgenic experiments indicated that overexpressing RsbZIP6 in Arabidopsis enhanced anthocyanin accumulation by upregulating genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis (4CL, CHS, CHI, DFR, F3H, F3'H, ANS and UF3GT). Our findings enhance understanding of the bZIP transcription factor family in R. simsii and underscore the vital role of RsbZIP6 in anthocyanin biosynthesis, providing insights for future genetic enhancement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China; Hubei Province Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Weihai Vocational College, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Lifan Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Changchun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China; Hubei Province Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Xiaogan 432000, China.
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6
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Li M, Xiong Y, Yang X, Gao Y, Li K. Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analysis Reveals Genes and Pathways Associated with Flesh Pigmentation in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum) Tubers. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:10335-10350. [PMID: 39329967 PMCID: PMC11430057 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46090615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins, flavonoid pigments, are responsible for the purple and red hues in potato tubers. This study analyzed tubers from four potato cultivars-red RR, purple HJG, yellow QS9, and white JZS8-to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying tuber pigmentation. Our transcriptomic analysis identified over 2400 differentially expressed genes between these varieties. Notably, genes within the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were enriched in HJG and RR compared to the non-pigmented JZS8, correlating with their higher levels of anthocyanin precursors and related substances. Hierarchical clustering revealed inverse expression patterns for the key genes involved in anthocyanin metabolism between pigmented and non-pigmented varieties. Among these, several MYB transcription factors displayed strong co-expression with anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, suggesting a regulatory role. Specifically, the expression of 16 MYB genes was validated using qRT-PCR to be markedly higher in pigmented HJG and RR versus JZS8, suggesting that these MYB genes might be involved in tuber pigmentation. This study comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome of diverse potato cultivars, highlighting specific genes and metabolic pathways involved in tuber pigmentation. These findings provide potential molecular targets for breeding programs focused on enhancing tuber color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yuting Xiong
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yuliang Gao
- Yanbian Agricultural Sciences Academy, Longjing 133400, China
| | - Kuihua Li
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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7
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Cho JS, Kim MH, Jang HA, Choi H, Jeon HW, Lee H, Ko JH. Functional impacts of PtrMYB203 on phenylpropanoid pathway regulation and wood properties in hybrid poplar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 216:109118. [PMID: 39270565 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid pathway is vital for plant growth and development, producing lignin and flavonoids. This study investigates PtrMYB203, a homolog of MYB repressors of proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa, as a transcriptional repressor in the phenylpropanoid pathway of hybrid poplar (Populus alba x P. glandulosa). Overexpression of PtrMYB203 (35S::PtrMYB203) in hybrid poplar detrimentally impacted plant growth and development. Histological analysis revealed irregular xylem vessel formation and decreased lignin content, corroborated by Klason lignin assays. Moreover, 35S::PtrMYB203 transgenic poplars exhibited significant decreases in anthocyanin and PA accumulations in callus tissues, even under high light conditions. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis and protoplast-based transcriptional activation assay confirmed the downregulation of lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis genes. This genetic modification also alters the expression of several MYB transcription factors, essential for phenylpropanoid pathway regulation. Remarkably, saccharification efficiency in the 35S::PtrMYB203 poplar was improved by over 34% following hot water treatment alone. These findings suggest PtrMYB203 as a potential genetic target for enhancing wood properties for bioenergy production, providing valuable insights into the manipulation of metabolite pathways in woody perennials to advance wood biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seong Cho
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-A Jang
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunmo Choi
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Woo Jeon
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Hyoshin Lee
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Frangedakis E, Yelina NE, Billakurthi K, Hua L, Schreier T, Dickinson PJ, Tomaselli M, Haseloff J, Hibberd JM. MYB-related transcription factors control chloroplast biogenesis. Cell 2024; 187:4859-4876.e22. [PMID: 39047726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis is dependent on master regulators from the GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) family of transcription factors. However, glk mutants contain residual chlorophyll, indicating that other proteins must be involved. Here, we identify MYB-related transcription factors as regulators of chloroplast biogenesis in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and angiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana. In both species, double-mutant alleles in MYB-related genes show very limited chloroplast development, and photosynthesis gene expression is perturbed to a greater extent than in GLK mutants. Genes encoding enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis are controlled by MYB-related and GLK proteins, whereas those allowing CO2 fixation, photorespiration, and photosystem assembly and repair require MYB-related proteins. Regulation between the MYB-related and GLK transcription factors appears more extensive in A. thaliana than in M. polymorpha. Thus, MYB-related and GLK genes have overlapping as well as distinct targets. We conclude that MYB-related and GLK transcription factors orchestrate chloroplast development in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataliya E Yelina
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Kumari Billakurthi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Lei Hua
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Tina Schreier
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Patrick J Dickinson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Marta Tomaselli
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Jim Haseloff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
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9
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Simiyu DC, Bayaraa U, Jang JH, Lee OR. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor PgTT2 from Panax ginseng interacts with the WD40-repeat protein PgTTG1 during the regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and the response to salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108877. [PMID: 38950460 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are flavonoid compounds with important defensive roles in plants. The application of PAs in industries such as the pharmaceutical industry has led to increased interest in enhancing their biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis thaliana, PAs are biosynthesized under the regulation of an R2R3-MYB transcription factor TRANSPARENT TESTA 2 (TT2), which can interact with other proteins, including TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1), while also regulating a plant's response to abiotic stressors. However, the regulation of PA biosynthesis in the high-value medicinal plant Panax ginseng (ginseng) has not yet been studied. Understanding the mechanism of PAs biosynthesis regulation in ginseng may be helpful in increasing the plant's range of pharmacological applications. This study found that the overexpression of PgTT2 increased PA biosynthesis by an average of 67.3% in ginseng adventitious roots and 50.5% in arabidopsis seeds. Furthermore, transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing PgTT2 produced increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability by influencing abscisic acid synthesis and signaling. However, under high salinity stress, seed germination and growth rate of seedlings were decreased. An expression analysis of plants facing salt stress revealed increased transcripts of an ABA biosynthetic gene, NCED3, and ABA signaling genes ABI5 and ABI3. Moreover, the PgTT2 protein showed a direct interaction with PgTTG1 in yeast two-hybrid assays. This study therefore reveals novel information on the transcriptional regulation of PA production in ginseng and shows how PgTT2 influences the ABA response pathway to regulate responses to ROS and salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Charles Simiyu
- Department of Applied Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Botany Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Unenzaya Bayaraa
- Department of Applied Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hoon Jang
- Department of Applied Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Ran Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Institute of Synthetic Biology for Carbon Neutralization, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Yang J, Guo C, Chen F, Lv B, Song J, Ning G, He Y, Lin J, He H, Yang Y, Xiang F. Heat-induced modulation of flavonoid biosynthesis via a LhMYBC2-Mediated regulatory network in oriental hybrid lily. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108966. [PMID: 39059274 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Global warming significantly threatens crop production, and adversely affects plant physiology due to rising temperatures. Oriental hybrid lily, an ornamental plant of economic importance, experiences flower color changes in response to elevated temperatures. Anthocyanins belong to a subgroup of flavonoids and are the primary pigments responsible for the coloration of oriental hybrid lily petals. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing flavonoid biosynthesis under high temperature conditions in lilies remain poorly understood. In this study, we revealed the altered metabolite profiles in flavonoid biosynthesis using quasi-targeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. Isoflavonoids accumulate substantially under high temperature conditions, whereas the accumulation of anthocyanin decreases. The expression of the isoflavone reductase gene (LhIFR) and the transcription factor LhMYBC2 were upregulated in response to high temperatures. The LhMYBC2 protein, which belongs to Subgroup 4-AtMYB4, competes with the anthocyanin positive regulator LhMYBA1 for the LhTT8 partner, thereby repressing the formation of a positively regulated transcription complex. Heterologous overexpression of LhMYBC2 in tobacco led to reduced anthocyanin accumulation and increased isoflavonoid accumulation, corroborating its role in inhibiting anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study proposes a regulatory model wherein LhMYBC2 acts as a mediator of flavonoid biosynthesis, influencing the coloration of lily flowers under high-temperature stress. These findings deepen our understanding of the metabolic and transcriptional responses of lily to heat stress and underscore the potential role of LhMYBC2 in mitigating anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Hubei Research Center of Flower, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.
| | - Cong Guo
- Hubei Research Center of Flower, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Hubei Research Center of Flower, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Hubei Research Center of Flower, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Jurong Song
- Hubei Research Center of Flower, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Guogui Ning
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanhong He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Hengbing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Hubei Research Center of Flower, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Fayun Xiang
- Hubei Research Center of Flower, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
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11
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Liang L, Zhu J, Huang D, Ai S, Xue L, Yin X, Lin-Wang K, Allan A, Chen K, Xu C. Molecular mechanisms underlying natural deficient and ultraviolet-induced accumulation of anthocyanin in the peel of 'Jinxiu' peach. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39101482 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Peach varieties that differ in red coloration due to varied anthocyanin accumulation result from transcriptional regulation by PpMYB10s, a group of specific R2R3 MYBs. Here we investigated the mechanisms driving a lack of anthocyanin in yellow-skinned 'Jinxiu' peach peel, as well as accumulation induced by UV irradiance. It was found that PpMYB10.1, PpMYB10.2 and PpMYB10.3 were positive regulators of anthocyanin accumulation, but the stimulation by PpMYB10.2 was weak. Low expression of PpMYB10.1 causes natural anthocyanin deficiency in 'Jinxiu' peel. However, the promoter sequences of PpMYB10.1 were identical in 'Jinxiu' and a naturally red-coloured peach 'Hujingmilu'. Therefore, potential negative regulator(s) upstream of PpMYB10.1 were explored. A novel R2R3-MYB repressor termed PpMYB80 was identified through comparative transcriptomic analysis and then functionally confirmed via transiently overexpressing and silencing in peach fruit, as well as transformation in tobacco. PpMYB80 directly binds to the promoter of PpMYB10.1 and inhibits its expression, but does not affect PpMYB10.3. In UV-exposed 'Jinxiu' fruit, expression of PpMYB10.3 was upregulated, while PpMYB10.1 remained low and PpMYB80 enhanced, which results in accumulation of anthocyanin in peel. This study revealed a transcriptional cascade involving PpMYB activators and repressors in regulating basal and UV-induced anthocyanin accumulation in peach peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liang
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhen Zhu
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dan Huang
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaojie Ai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Manipulation, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xue
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueren Yin
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Allan
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Manipulation, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Crop Growth and Development, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjie Xu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Manipulation, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Crop Growth and Development, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Zhang Z, Liang C, Ren Y, Lv Z, Huang J. Interaction of ubiquitin-like protein SILENCING DEFECTIVE 2 with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 is required for regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to sucrose. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1374-1386. [PMID: 38558017 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been well documented at the transcriptional and translational levels. By contrast, how anthocyanin biosynthesis is epigenetically regulated remains largely unknown. In this study, we employed genetic, molecular biology, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to identify a regulatory module essential for repressing the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis through chromatin remodeling. We found that SILENCING DEFECTIVE 2 (SDE2), which was previously identified as a negative regulator for sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis, is cleaved into N-terminal SDE2-UBL and C-terminal SDE2-C fragments at the first diglycine motif, and the cleaved SDE2-C, which can fully complement the sde2 mutant, is localized in the nucleus and physically interacts with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) in vitro and in vivo. Genetic analyses showed that both SDE2 and LHP1 act as negative factors for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Consistently, immunoblot analysis revealed that the level of LHP1-bound histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) significantly decreases in sde2 and lhp1 mutants, compared to wild-type (WT). In addition, we found that sugar can induce expression of SDE2 and LHP1, and enhance the level of the nucleus-localized SDE2-C. Taken together, our data suggest that the SDE2-C-LHP1 module is required for repression of gene expression through H3K27me3 modification during sugar-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Chengcheng Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhaojun Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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Li ZY, Ma N, Sun P, Zhang FJ, Li L, Li H, Zhang S, Wang XF, You CX, Zhang Z. Fungal invasion-induced accumulation of salicylic acid promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis through MdNPR1-MdTGA2.2 module in apple fruits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1859-1879. [PMID: 38923625 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In the field, necrosis area induced by pathogens is usually surrounded by a red circle in apple fruits. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that accumulated salicylic acid (SA) induced by fungal infection promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis through MdNPR1-MdTGA2.2 module in apple (Malus domestica). Inoculating apple fruits with Valsa mali or Botryosphaeria dothidea induced a red circle surrounding the necrosis area, which mimicked the phenotype observed in the field. The red circle accumulated a high level of anthocyanins, which was positively correlated with SA accumulation stimulated by fungal invasion. Further analysis showed that SA promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner in both apple calli and fruits. We next demonstrated that MdNPR1, a master regulator of SA signaling, positively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in both apple and Arabidopsis. Moreover, MdNPR1 functioned as a co-activator to interact with and enhance the transactivation activity of MdTGA2.2, which could directly bind to the promoters of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes to promote their transcription. Suppressing expression of either MdNPR1 or MdTGA2.2 inhibited coloration of apple fruits, while overexpressing either of them significantly promoted fruit coloration. Finally, we revealed that silencing either MdNPR1 or MdTGA2.2 in apple fruits repressed SA-induced fruit coloration. Therefore, our data determined that fungal-induced SA promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis through MdNPR1-MdTGA2.2 module, resulting in a red circle surrounding the necrosis area in apple fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Fu-Jun Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Lianzhen Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Haojian Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhenlu Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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14
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Marin-Recinos MF, Pucker B. Genetic factors explaining anthocyanin pigmentation differences. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:627. [PMID: 38961369 PMCID: PMC11221117 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins are important contributors to coloration across a wide phylogenetic range of plants. Biological functions of anthocyanins span from reproduction to protection against biotic and abiotic stressors. Owing to a clearly visible phenotype of mutants, the anthocyanin biosynthesis and its sophisticated regulation have been studied in numerous plant species. Genes encoding the anthocyanin biosynthesis enzymes are regulated by a transcription factor complex comprising MYB, bHLH and WD40 proteins. RESULTS A systematic comparison of anthocyanin-pigmented vs. non-pigmented varieties was performed within numerous plant species covering the taxonomic diversity of flowering plants. The literature was screened for cases in which genetic factors causing anthocyanin loss were reported. Additionally, transcriptomic data sets from four previous studies were reanalyzed to determine the genes possibly responsible for color variation based on their expression pattern. The contribution of different structural and regulatory genes to the intraspecific pigmentation differences was quantified. Differences concerning transcription factors are by far the most frequent explanation for pigmentation differences observed between two varieties of the same species. Among the transcription factors in the analyzed cases, MYB genes are significantly more prone to account for pigmentation differences compared to bHLH or WD40 genes. Among the structural genes, DFR genes are most often associated with anthocyanin loss. CONCLUSIONS These findings support previous assumptions about the susceptibility of transcriptional regulation to evolutionary changes and its importance for the evolution of novel coloration phenotypes. Our findings underline the particular significance of MYBs and their apparent prevalent role in the specificity of the MBW complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Marin-Recinos
- Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Biology and BRICS, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Boas Pucker
- Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Biology and BRICS, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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15
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Majumder J, Subrahmanyeswari T, Gantait S. Natural biosynthesis, pharmacological applications, and sustainable biotechnological production of ornamental plant-derived anthocyanin: beyond colorants and aesthetics. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:175. [PMID: 38855146 PMCID: PMC11153417 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Flowers have long been admired for their aesthetic qualities and have even found their way to be included in the human diet. Among the many chemical compounds found in flowers, anthocyanins stand out for their versatile applications in the food, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries. The biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins has been thoroughly studied in certain flower species, leading to the detection of key regulatory genes that can be controlled to enhance the production of anthocyanins via biotechnological methods. Nevertheless, the quantity and form of anthocyanins found in natural sources differ, both qualitatively and quantitatively, depending on the ornamental plant species. For this reason, research on in vitro plant cultures has been conducted for years in an attempt to comprehend how these essential substances are produced. Different biotechnological systems, like in vitro plant cell, organ, and tissue cultures, and transgenic approaches, have been employed to produce anthocyanins under controlled conditions. However, multiple factors influence the production of anthocyanins and create challenges during large-scale production. Metabolic engineering techniques have also been utilized for anthocyanin production in microorganisms and recombinant plants. Although these techniques are primarily tested at lab- and pilot-scale, limited studies have focused on scaling up the production. This review analyses the chemistry and biosynthesis of anthocyanin along with the factors that influence the biosynthetic pathway. Further emphasis has been given on strategies for conventional and non-conventional anthocyanin production along with their quantification, addressing the prevailing challenges, and exploring ways to ameliorate the production using the in vitro plant cell and tissue culture systems and metabolic engineering to open up new possibilities for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoti Majumder
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252 India
| | - Tsama Subrahmanyeswari
- Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252 India
| | - Saikat Gantait
- Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252 India
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Fattorini R, Khojayori FN, Mellers G, Moyroud E, Herrero E, Kellenberger RT, Walker R, Wang Q, Hill L, Glover BJ. Complex petal spot formation in the Beetle Daisy (Gorteria diffusa) relies on spot-specific accumulation of malonylated anthocyanin regulated by paralogous GdMYBSG6 transcription factors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:240-257. [PMID: 38725421 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Gorteria diffusa has elaborate petal spots that attract pollinators through sexual deception, but how G. diffusa controls spot development is largely unknown. Here, we investigate how pigmentation is regulated during spot formation. We determined the anthocyanin composition of G. diffusa petals and combined gene expression analysis with protein interaction assays to characterise R2R3-MYBs that likely regulate pigment production in G. diffusa petal spots. We found that cyanidin 3-glucoside pigments G. diffusa ray floret petals. Unlike other petal regions, spots contain a high proportion of malonylated anthocyanin. We identified three subgroup 6 R2R3-MYB transcription factors (GdMYBSG6-1,2,3) that likely activate the production of spot pigmentation. These genes are upregulated in developing spots and induce ectopic anthocyanin production upon heterologous expression in tobacco. Interaction assays suggest that these transcription factors regulate genes encoding three anthocyanin synthesis enzymes. We demonstrate that the elaboration of complex spots in G. diffusa begins with the accumulation of malonylated pigments at the base of ray floret petals, positively regulated by three paralogous R2R3-MYB transcription factors. Our results indicate that the functional diversification of these GdMYBSG6s involved changes in the spatial control of their transcription, and modification of the duration of GdMYBSG6 gene expression contributes towards floral variation within the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín Fattorini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Farahnoz N Khojayori
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Gregory Mellers
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Edwige Moyroud
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Bateman St., Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Eva Herrero
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Roman T Kellenberger
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Rachel Walker
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Lionel Hill
- Biomolecular Analysis Facility, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Beverley J Glover
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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17
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Xu H, Teng H, Zhang B, Liu W, Sui Y, Yan X, Wang Z, Cui H, Zhang H. NtHD9 modulates plant salt tolerance by regulating the formation of glandular trichome heads in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108765. [PMID: 38795550 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the main abiotic factor affecting plant growth. We have previously identified a key gene (NtHD9) in Nicotiana tabacum L. that positively regulates the formation of long glandular trichomes (LGTs). Here, we verified that both abiotic stress (aphids, drought and salt stress) could restore the phenotype lacking LGTs in NtHD9-knockout (NtHD9-KO) plants. The abiotic stress response assays indicated that NtHD9 is highly sensitive to salt stress. Compared with cultivated tobacco "K326" (CK) plants, NtHD9-overexpressing (NtHD9-OE) plants with more LGTs exhibited stronger salt tolerance, whereas NtHD9-KO with no LGTs showed weaker tolerance to salt. The densities and sizes of the glandular heads gradually increased with increasing NaCl concentrations in NtHD9-KO plants. Mineral element determination showed that leaves and trichomes of NtHD9-OE plants accumulated less Na+ but had higher K+ contents under salt stress, thus maintaining ion homeostasis in plants, which could contribute to a robust photosynthetic and antioxidant system under salt stress. Therefore, NtHD9-OE plants maintained a larger leaf area and root length under high-salt conditions than CK and NtHD9-KO plants. We verified that NtHD9 could individually interact with NtHD5, NtHD7, NtHD12, and NtJAZ10 proteins. Salt stress led to an increase in jasmonic acid (JA) levels and activated the expression of NtHDs while inhibiting the expression of NtJAZ. This study suggests that the glandular heads play an important role in plant resistance to salt stress. The activation of JA signaling leading to JAZ protein degradation may be key factors regulating the glandular heads development under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Huanyu Teng
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bokai Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yalin Sui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Singh S, Pal L, Rajput R, Chhatwal H, Singh N, Chattopadhyay D, Pandey A. CaLAP1 and CaLAP2 orchestrate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the seed coat of Cicer arietinum. PLANTA 2024; 260:38. [PMID: 38951258 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Our findings shed light on the regulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in chickpea seed coats. Expression of R2R3-MYB transcription factors CaLAP1 and CaLAP2 enhanced the anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins content in chickpea. The seed coat color is a major economic trait in leguminous crop chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs) are two classes of flavonoids that mainly contribute to the flower, seed coat and color of Desi chickpea cultivars. Throughout the land plant lineage, the accumulation of anthocyanins and PAs is regulated by MYB and bHLH transcription factors (TFs), which form an MBW (MYB, bHLH, and WD40) complex. Here, we report two R2R3-MYB TFs in chickpea belonging to the anthocyanin-specific subgroup-6, CaLAP1 (Legume Anthocyanin Production 1), and CaLAP2 (Legume Anthocyanin Production 2), which are mainly expressed in the flowers and developmental stages of the seeds. CaLAP1 and CaLAP2 interact with TT8-like CabHLH1 and WD40, forming the MBW complex, and bind to the promoter sequences of anthocyanin- and PA biosynthetic genes CaCHS6, CaDFR2, CaANS, and CaANR, leading to anthocyanins and PA accumulation in the seed coat of chickpea. Moreover, these CaLAPs partially complement the anthocyanin-deficient phenotype in the Arabidopsis thaliana sextuple mutant seedlings. Overexpression of CaLAPs in chickpea resulted in significantly higher expression of anthocyanin and PA biosynthetic genes leading to a darker seed coat color with higher accumulation of anthocyanin and PA. Our findings show that CaLAPs positively modulate anthocyanin and PA content in seed coats, which might influence plant development and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Lalita Pal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ruchika Rajput
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Himani Chhatwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Debasis Chattopadhyay
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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19
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Yue L, He J, Gan T, Jiu S, Khalil-Ur-Rehman M, Liu K, Bai M, Yang G, Xu Y. Regulatory Mechanism of Proanthocyanidins in Grape Peels Using vvi-miR828a and Its Target Gene VvMYBPA1. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1688. [PMID: 38931120 PMCID: PMC11207263 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins are considered to be essential secondary metabolites in grapes and are used to regulate metabolic processes, while miRNAs are involved in their synthesis of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins to regulate metabolic processes. The present research work was carried out to investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism of target genes in the grape cultivars 'Italia' and 'Benitaka'. miRNA and transnscriptomic sequencing technology were employed to characterize both the profiles of miRNAs and the transcripts of grape peels at 10 and 11 weeks post flowering (10 wpf and 11 wpf). The results revealed that the expression level of vvi-miR828a in 'Italia' at 10 and 11 wpf was significantly higher than that in 'Benitaka'. miRNA-seq analysis predicted MYBPA1 to be the target gene of vvi-miR828a. In transcriptome analysis, the expression level of the VvMYBPA1 gene in 'Benitaka' was significantly higher than that in 'Italia'; in addition, the TPM values (expression levels) of VvMYBPA1 and miR828a also showed an evident negative correlation. The determination of the proanthocyanidin (PA) content in 'Italia' and 'Benitaka' peels at 11 wpf demonstrated that the PA content of 'Benitaka' was significantly higher than that of 'Italia'. The outcomes of RT-qRCR analysis exhibited that the expression levels of the VdPAL, VdCHS, VdCHI, VdDFR, VdMYB5b, VdANR, and VdMYBPA1 genes related anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin pathways were reduced, while the expression levels of all of the above genes were increased after the transient expression of the VvMYBPA1 vector into grape leaves. The results of the transient overexpression experiment of vvi-miR828a before the veraison period of strawberry fruits showed that vvi-miR828a can significantly slow down the coloration of strawberries. The vvi-miR828a negatively regulates the accumulation of proanthocyanidins in grape fruits by inhibiting the expression of VvMYBPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqi Yue
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.B.); (G.Y.)
| | - Jingjing He
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.B.); (G.Y.)
| | - Tian Gan
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.B.); (G.Y.)
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | | | - Kunyu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.B.); (G.Y.)
| | - Miao Bai
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.B.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guoshun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.B.); (G.Y.)
| | - Yanshuai Xu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.B.); (G.Y.)
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Zhao G, Li W, Xu M, Shao L, Sun M, Tu L. GhWER controls fiber initiation and early elongation by regulating ethylene signaling pathway in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum). MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:38. [PMID: 38766511 PMCID: PMC11096147 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cotton fibers are specialized single-cell trichomes derived from epidermal cells, similar to root hairs and trichomes in Arabidopsis. While the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex has been shown to regulate initiation of both root hairs and trichomes in Arabidopsis, the role of their homologous gene in cotton fiber initiation remains unknown. In this study, we identified a R2R3 MYB transcription factor (TF), GhWER, which exhibited a significant increase in expression within the outer integument of ovule at -1.5 DPA (days post anthesis). Its expression peaked at -1 DPA and then gradually decreased. Knockout of GhWER using CRISPR technology inhibited the initiation and early elongation of fiber initials, resulting in the shorter mature fiber length. Additionally, GhWER interacted with two bHLH TF, GhDEL65 and GhbHLH121, suggesting a potential regulatory complex for fiber development. RNA-seq analysis of the outer integument of the ovule at -1.5 DPA revealed that the signal transduction pathways of ethylene, auxin and gibberellin were affected in the GhWER knockout lines. Further examination demonstrated that GhWER directly activated ethylene signaling genes, including ACS1 and ETR2. These findings highlighted the biological function of GhWER in regulating cotton fiber initiation and early elongation, which has practical significance for improving fiber quality and yield. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01477-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
| | - Weiwen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
| | - Mingqi Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
| | - Lei Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
| | - Mengling Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
| | - Lili Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
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Zhang X, Yu L, Zhang M, Wu T, Song T, Yao Y, Zhang J, Tian J. MdWER interacts with MdERF109 and MdJAZ2 to mediate methyl jasmonate- and light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1327-1342. [PMID: 38319946 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanin generation in apples (Malus domestica) and the pigmentation that results from it may be caused by irradiation and through administration of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). However, their regulatory interrelationships associated with fruit coloration are not well defined. To determine whether MdERF109, a transcription factor (TF) involved in light-mediated coloration and anthocyanin biosynthesis, has synergistic effects with other proteins, we performed a yeast two-hybrid assessment and identified another TF, MdWER. MdWER was induced by MeJA treatment, and although overexpression of MdWER alone did not promote anthocyanin accumulation co-overexpression with MdERF109 resulted in significantly increase in anthocyanin biosynthesis. MdWER may form a protein complex with MdERF109 to promote anthocyanin accumulation by enhancing combinations between the proteins and their corresponding genes. In addition, MdWER, as a MeJA responsive protein, interacts with the anthocyanin repressor MdJAZ2. Transient co-expression in apple fruit and protein interaction assays allowed us to conclude that MdERF109 and MdJAZ2 interact with MdWER and take part in the production of anthocyanins upon MeJA treatment and irradiation. Our findings validate a role for the MdERF109-MdWER-MdJAZ2 module in anthocyanin biosynthesis and uncover a novel mechanism for how light and MeJA signals are coordinated anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lujia Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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22
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Li X, Zheng M, Gan Q, Long J, Fan H, Wang X, Guan Z. The formation and evolution of flower coloration in Brassica crops. Front Genet 2024; 15:1396875. [PMID: 38881796 PMCID: PMC11177764 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1396875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The flower coloration of Brassica crops possesses significant application and economic value, making it a research hotspot in the field of genetics and breeding. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research on color variation and creation of Brassica crops. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and evolutional processes of flower colors are poorly understood. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the mechanism of flower color formation in plants, emphasizing the molecular basis and regulation mechanism of flavonoids and carotenoids. By summarizing the recent advances on the genetic mechanism of flower color formation and regulation in Brassica crops, it is clearly found that carotenoids and anthocyanins are major pigments for flower color diversity of Brassica crops. Meantime, we also explore the relationship between the emergence of white flowers and the genetic evolution of Brassica chromosomes, and analyze the innovation and multiple utilization of Brassica crops with colorful flowers. This review aims to provide theoretical support for genetic improvements in flower color, enhancing the economic value and aesthetic appeal of Brassica crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Research Center for Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Selection and Breeding of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingmin Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Research Center for Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Selection and Breeding of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qingqin Gan
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Research Center for Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Selection and Breeding of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Research Center for Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Selection and Breeding of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Research Center for Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Selection and Breeding of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhilin Guan
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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23
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Zhou X, Wang X, Wei H, Zhang H, Wu Q, Wang L. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and target metabolites uncovering flavonoid biosynthesis regulation of changing petal colors in Nymphaea 'Feitian 2'. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:370. [PMID: 38714932 PMCID: PMC11075258 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nymphaea (waterlily) is known for its rich colors and role as an important aquatic ornamental plant globally. Nymphaea atrans and some hybrids, including N. 'Feitian 2,' are more appealing due to the gradual color change of their petals at different flower developmental stages. The petals of N. 'Feitian 2' gradually change color from light blue-purple to deep rose-red throughout flowering. The mechanism of the phenomenon remains unclear. RESULTS In this work, flavonoids in the petals of N. 'Feitian 2' at six flowering stages were examined to identify the influence of flavonoid components on flower color changes. Additionally, six cDNA libraries of N. 'Feitian 2' over two blooming stages were developed, and the transcriptome was sequenced to identify the molecular mechanism governing petal color changes. As a result, 18 flavonoid metabolites were identified, including five anthocyanins and 13 flavonols. Anthocyanin accumulation during flower development is the primary driver of petal color change. A total of 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were uncovered, and these DEGs were significantly positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation. Six structural genes were ultimately focused on, as their expression levels varied significantly across different flowering stages. Moreover, 104 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) were uncovered, and three MYBs associated with flavonoid biosynthesis were screened. The RT-qPCR results were generally aligned with high-throughput sequencing results. CONCLUSIONS This research offers a foundation to clarify the mechanisms underlying changes in the petal color of waterlilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haohui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Huijin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Liangsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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24
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Kim G, Cho H, Kim S. Identification of a candidate gene for the I locus determining the dominant white bulb color in onion (Allium cepa L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:118. [PMID: 38709404 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Through a map-based cloning approach, a gene coding for an R2R3-MYB transcription factor was identified as a causal gene for the I locus controlling the dominant white bulb color in onion. White bulb colors in onion (Allium cepa L.) are determined by either the C or I loci. The causal gene for the C locus was previously isolated, but the gene responsible for the I locus has not been identified yet. To identify candidate genes for the I locus, an approximately 7-Mb genomic DNA region harboring the I locus was obtained from onion and bunching onion (A. fistulosum) whole genome sequences using two tightly linked molecular markers. Within this interval, the AcMYB1 gene, known as a positive regulator of anthocyanin production, was identified. No polymorphic sequences were found between white and red AcMYB1 alleles in the 4,860-bp full-length genomic DNA sequences. However, a 4,838-bp LTR-retrotransposon was identified in the white allele, in the 79-bp upstream coding region from the stop codon. The insertion of this LTR-retrotransposon created a premature stop codon, resulting in the replacement of 26 amino acids with seven different residues. A molecular marker was developed based on the insertion of this LTR-retrotransposon to genotype the I locus. A perfect linkage between bulb color phenotypes and marker genotypes was observed among 5,303 individuals of segregating populations. The transcription of AcMYB1 appeared to be normal in both red and white onions, but the transcription of CHS-A, which encodes chalcone synthase and is involved in the first step of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, was inactivated in the white onions. Taken together, an aberrant AcMYB1 protein produced from the mutant allele might be responsible for the dominant white bulb color in onions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonjoong Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Cho
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Z, Chen C, Jiang C, Lin H, Zhao Y, Guo Y. VvWRKY5 positively regulates wounding-induced anthocyanin accumulation in grape by interplaying with VvMYBA1 and promoting jasmonic acid biosynthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae083. [PMID: 38766531 PMCID: PMC11101322 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Wounding stress induces the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites in plants, including anthocyanin. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we reported that a transcription factor, VvWRKY5, promotes wounding-induced anthocyanin accumulation in grape (Vitis vinifera). Biochemical and molecular analyses demonstrated that wounding stress significantly increased anthocyanin content, and VvMYBA1 plays an essential role in this process. VvWRKY5 could interact with VvMYBA1 and amplify the activation effect of VvMYBA1 on its target gene VvUFGT. The transcript level of VvWRKY5 was notably induced by wounding treatment. Moreover, our data demonstrated that VvWRKY5 could promote the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), a phytohormone that acts as a positive modulator in anthocyanin accumulation, by directly binding to the W-box element in the promoter of the JA biosynthesis-related gene VvLOX and enhancing its activities, and this activation was greatly enhanced by the VvWRKY5-VvMYBA1 protein complex. Collectively, our findings show that VvWRKY5 plays crucial roles in wounding-induced anthocyanin synthesis in grape and elucidates the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of wounding-induced anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Cui Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Changyue Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuhui Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinshan Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
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Grützner R, König K, Horn C, Engler C, Laub A, Vogt T, Marillonnet S. A transient expression tool box for anthocyanin biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1238-1250. [PMID: 38124296 PMCID: PMC11022804 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana offers a robust platform for the rapid production of complex secondary metabolites. It has proven highly effective in helping identify genes associated with pathways responsible for synthesizing various valuable natural compounds. While this approach has seen considerable success, it has yet to be applied to uncovering genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways. This is because only a single anthocyanin, delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside, can be produced in N. benthamiana by activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis using transcription factors. The production of other anthocyanins would necessitate the suppression of certain endogenous flavonoid biosynthesis genes while transiently expressing others. In this work, we present a series of tools for the reconstitution of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways in N. benthamiana leaves. These tools include constructs for the expression or silencing of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and a mutant N. benthamiana line generated using CRISPR. By infiltration of defined sets of constructs, the basic anthocyanins pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside could be obtained in high amounts in a few days. Additionally, co-infiltration of supplementary pathway genes enabled the synthesis of more complex anthocyanins. These tools should be useful to identify genes involved in the biosynthesis of complex anthocyanins. They also make it possible to produce novel anthocyanins not found in nature. As an example, we reconstituted the pathway for biosynthesis of Arabidopsis anthocyanin A5, a cyanidin derivative and achieved the biosynthesis of the pelargonidin and delphinidin variants of A5, pelargonidin A5 and delphinidin A5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Grützner
- Department of Cell and Metabolic BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany
| | - Kristin König
- Department of Cell and Metabolic BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany
| | - Claudia Horn
- Department of Cell and Metabolic BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany
| | | | - Annegret Laub
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Cell and Metabolic BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany
| | - Sylvestre Marillonnet
- Department of Cell and Metabolic BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany
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27
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Huang W, Xu B, Guo W, Huang Z, Li Y, Wu W. De novo genome assembly and population genomics of a shrub tree Barthea barthei (Hance) krass provide insights into the adaptive color variations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1365686. [PMID: 38751846 PMCID: PMC11094225 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1365686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Flower color is a classic example of an ecologically important trait under selection in plants. Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying shifts in flower color can provide key insights into ecological speciation. In this study, we investigated the genetic basis of flower color divergence in Barthea barthei, a shrub tree species exhibiting natural variation in flower color. We assembled a high-quality genome assembly for B. barthei with a contig N50 of 2.39 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 16.21 Mb. The assembly was annotated with 46,430 protein-coding genes and 1,560 non-coding RNAs. Genome synteny analysis revealed two recent tetraploidization events in B. barthei, estimated to have occurred at approximately 17 and 63 million years ago. These tetraploidization events resulted in massive duplicated gene content, with over 70% of genes retained in collinear blocks. Gene family members of the core regulators of the MBW complex were significantly expanded in B. barthei compared to Arabidopsis, suggesting that these duplications may have provided raw genetic material for the evolution of novel regulatory interactions and the diversification of anthocyanin pigmentation. Transcriptome profiling of B. barthei flowers revealed differential expression of 9 transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis between the two ecotypes. Six of these differentially expressed transcription factors were identified as high-confidence candidates for adaptive evolution based on positive selection signals. This study provides insights into the genetic basis of flower color divergence and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying ecological adaptation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zecheng Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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Tang K, Karamat U, Li G, Guo J, Jiang S, Fu M, Yang X. Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal the role of BoGSTF12 in anthocyanin accumulation in Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:335. [PMID: 38664614 PMCID: PMC11044404 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vivid red, purple, and blue hues that are observed in a variety of plant fruits, flowers, and leaves are produced by anthocyanins, which are naturally occurring pigments produced by a series of biochemical processes occurring inside the plant cells. The purple-stalked Chinese kale, a popular vegetable that contains anthocyanins, has many health benefits but needs to be investigated further to identify the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis and translocation in this vegetable. RESULTS In this study, the purple- and green-stalked Chinese kale were examined using integrative transcriptome and metabolome analyses. The content of anthocyanins such as cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-feruloyl) sophoroside-5-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside (cyanin), and cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl) sophoroside-5-O-glucoside were considerably higher in purple-stalked Chinese kale than in its green-stalked relative. RNA-seq analysis indicated that 23 important anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, including 3 PAL, 2 C4H, 3 4CL, 3 CHS, 1 CHI, 1 F3H, 2 FLS, 2 F3'H, 1 DFR, 3 ANS, and 2 UFGT, along with the transcription factor BoMYB114, were significantly differentially expressed between the purple- and green-stalked varieties. Results of analyzing the expression levels of 11 genes involved in anthocyanin production using qRT-PCR further supported our findings. Association analysis between genes and metabolites revealed a strong correlation between BoGSTF12 and anthocyanin. We overexpressed BoGSTF12 in Arabidopsis thaliana tt19, an anthocyanin transport mutant, and this rescued the anthocyanin-loss phenotype in the stem and rosette leaves, indicating BoGSTF12 encodes an anthocyanin transporter that affects the accumulation of anthocyanins. CONCLUSION This work represents a key step forward in our understanding of the molecular processes underlying anthocyanin production in Chinese kale. Our comprehensive metabolomic and transcriptome analyses provide important insights into the regulatory system that controls anthocyanin production and transport, while providing a foundation for further research to elucidate the physiological importance of the metabolites found in this nutritionally significant vegetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Tang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Umer Karamat
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Juxian Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shizheng Jiang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mei Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xian Yang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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29
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Yuan P, Yu M, Liu H, Hammond JP, Cai H, Ding G, Wang S, Xu F, Wang C, Hong D, Shi L. Overexpression of oilseed rape trehalose-6-phosphate synthesis gene BnaC02.TPS8 confers sensitivity to low nitrogen and high sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2024; 259:122. [PMID: 38619628 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Overexpression of BnaC02.TPS8 increased low N and high sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Anthocyanin plays a crucial role in safeguarding photosynthetic tissues against high light, UV radiation, and oxidative stress. Their accumulation is triggered by low nitrogen (N) stress and elevated sucrose levels in Arabidopsis. Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) serves as a pivotal signaling molecule, sensing sucrose availability, and carbon (C) metabolism. However, the mechanisms governing the regulation of T6P synthase (TPS) genes responsible for anthocyanin accumulation under conditions of low N and high sucrose remain elusive. In a previous study, we demonstrated the positive impact of a cytoplasm-localized class II TPS protein 'BnaC02.TPS8' on photosynthesis and seed yield improvement in Brassica napus. The present research delves into the biological role of BnaC02.TPS8 in response to low N and high sucrose. Ectopic overexpression of BnaC02.TPS8 in Arabidopsis seedlings resulted in elevated shoot T6P levels under N-sufficient conditions, as well as an increased carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, sucrose accumulation, and starch storage under low N conditions. Overexpression of BnaC02.TPS8 in Arabidopsis heightened sensitivity to low N stress and high sucrose levels, accompanied by increased anthocyanin accumulation and upregulation of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation. Metabolic profiling revealed increased levels of intermediate products of carbon metabolism, as well as anthocyanin and flavonoid derivatives in BnaC02.TPS8-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants under low N conditions. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analyses demonstrated that BnaC02.TPS8 interacts with both BnaC08.TPS9 and BnaA01.TPS10. These findings contribute to our understanding of how TPS8-mediated anthocyanin accumulation is modulated under low N and high sucrose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mingzhu Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Haijiang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - John P Hammond
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Hongmei Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guangda Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Sheliang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Dengfeng Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology, National Research, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center (Wuhan Branch), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Chen M, Dai Y, Liao J, Wu H, Lv Q, Huang Y, Liu L, Feng Y, Lv H, Zhou B, Peng D. TARGET OF MONOPTEROS: key transcription factors orchestrating plant development and environmental response. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2214-2234. [PMID: 38195092 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants have an incredible ability to sustain root and vascular growth after initiation of the embryonic root and the specification of vascular tissue in early embryos. Microarray assays have revealed that a group of transcription factors, TARGET OF MONOPTEROS (TMO), are important for embryonic root initiation in Arabidopsis. Despite the discovery of their auxin responsiveness early on, their function and mode of action remained unknown for many years. The advent of genome editing has accelerated the study of TMO transcription factors, revealing novel functions for biological processes such as vascular development, root system architecture, and response to environmental cues. This review covers recent achievements in understanding the developmental function and the genetic mode of action of TMO transcription factors in Arabidopsis and other plant species. We highlight the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of TMO transcription factors in relation to their function, mainly in Arabidopsis. Finally, we provide suggestions for further research and potential applications in plant genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yani Dai
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiamin Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lichang Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongxuan Lv
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, 438107, Huaihua, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry and Ecology in Southern China, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, 438107, Huaihua, Hunan, China
- Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Hunan, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wu N, Lu B, Muhammad Y, Cao Y, Rong J. Characterization and expression analysis of GLABRA3 (GL3) genes in cotton: insights into trichome development and hormonal regulation. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:479. [PMID: 38578511 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GLABRA3 (GL3) and ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3) genes encode a typical helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that primarily regulate trichome branching and root hair development, DNA endoreduplication, trichoblast size, and stomatal formation. The functions of GL3 genes in cotton crop have been poorly characterized. In this study, we performed comprehensive genome-wide scans for GL3 and EGL3 homologs to enhance our comprehension of their potential roles in trichome and fiber development in cotton crop. METHODS AND RESULTS Our findings paraded that Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense have 6 GL3s each, unevenly distributed on 4 chromosomes whereas, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii have 3 GL3s each, unevenly distributed on 2 chromosomes. Gh_A08G2088 and Gb_A09G2187, despite having the same bHLH domain as the other GL3 genes, were excluded due to remarkable short sequences and limited number of motifs, indicating a lack of potential functional activity. The phylogenetic analysis categorized remaining 16 GL3s into three subfamilies (Group I-III) closely related to A. thaliana. The 16 GL3s have complete bHLH domain, encompassing 590-631 amino acids, with molecular weights (MWs) ranging from 65.92 to 71.36 kDa. Within each subfamily GL3s depicted shared similar gene structures and motifs, indicating conserved characteristics within respective groups. Promoter region analysis revealed 27 cis-acting elements, these elements were responsive to salicylic acid, abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and gibberellin. The expression of GL3 genes was analyzed across 12 tissues in both G. barbadense and G. hirsutum using the publicly available RNA-seq data. Among GL3s, Gb_D11G0219, Gb_D11G0214, and Gb_D08G2182, were identified as relatively highly expressed across different tissues, consequently selected for hormone treatment and expression validation in G. barbadense. RT-qPCR results demonstrated significant alterations in the expression levels of Gb_D11G0219 and Gb_D11G0214 following MeJA, GA, and ABA treatment. Subcellular localization prediction revealed that most GL3 proteins were predominantly expressed in the nucleus, while a few were localized in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study lays the foundation for subsequent functional validation of GL3 genes by identifying hormonal regulation patterns and probable sites of action in cotton trichome formation and fiber development. The results stipulate a rationale to elucidate the roles and regulatory mechanisms of GL3 genes in the intricate process of cotton fibre and trichome development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisi Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Benyi Lu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - YaSir Muhammad
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaofen Cao
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junkang Rong
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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32
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He P, Zhu L, Zhou X, Fu X, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Jiang B, Wang H, Xiao G. Gibberellic acid promotes single-celled fiber elongation through the activation of two signaling cascades in cotton. Dev Cell 2024; 59:723-739.e4. [PMID: 38359829 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The agricultural green revolution spectacularly enhanced crop yield through modification of gibberellin (GA) signaling. However, in cotton, the GA signaling cascades remain elusive, limiting our potential to cultivate new cotton varieties and improve yield and quality. Here, we identified that GA prominently stimulated fiber elongation through the degradation of DELLA protein GhSLR1, thereby disabling GhSLR1's physical interaction with two transcription factors, GhZFP8 and GhBLH1. Subsequently, the resultant free GhBLH1 binds to GhKCS12 promoter and activates its expression to enhance VLCFAs biosynthesis. With a similar mechanism, the free GhZFP8 binds to GhSDCP1 promoter and activates its expression. As a result, GhSDCP1 upregulates the expression of GhPIF3 gene associated with plant cell elongation. Ultimately, the two parallel signaling cascades synergistically promote cotton fiber elongation. Our findings outline the mechanistic framework that translates the GA signal into fiber cell elongation, thereby offering a roadmap to improve cotton fiber quality and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xuan Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Guanghui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Zhou H, He J, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Sun X, Chen X, Liu X, Zheng Y, Lin H. RHA2b-mediated MYB30 degradation facilitates MYB75-regulated, sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seedlings. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100744. [PMID: 37946410 PMCID: PMC10943538 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins play diverse roles in plant physiology and stress adaptation. In Arabidopsis, the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex has a crucial role in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis. Here, we report that the R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB30 and the ubiquitin E3 ligase RHA2b participate in anthocyanin biosynthesis through regulation of the MBW complex. MYB30 was found to negatively regulate sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seedlings. Expression of multiple genes involved in flavonoid or anthocyanin biosynthesis was affected in the myb30 mutant, and MYB30 directly repressed the expression of MYB75, which encodes a core component of the MBW complex, by binding to its promoter. Moreover, MYB30 physically interacted with MYB75 to inhibit its activity by repressing MBW complex assembly. In addition, sucrose treatment significantly promoted MYB30 degradation via the action of RHA2b. The ubiquitination and degradation of MYB30 were significantly attenuated in the rha2b mutant under high-sucrose treatment, and further analysis showed that MYB75 directly promoted RHA2b expression in response to high sucrose. Our work thus reveals an anthocyanin biosynthetic regulatory module, RHA2b-MYB30, that controls the function of the MBW complex via MYB75. The repression of MYB75 by MYB30 is released by MYB75-induced RHA2b expression, thus ensuring the self-activation of MYB75 when anthocyanin synthesis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Jiaxian He
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xinrui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Zhang B, Deneer A, Fleck C, Hülskamp M. Quantitative analysis of MBW complex formation in the context of trichome patterning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1331156. [PMID: 38504903 PMCID: PMC10948613 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1331156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Trichome patterning in Arabidopsis is regulated by R2R3MYB, bHLH and WDR (MBW) genes. These are considered to form a trimeric MBW protein complex that promotes trichome formation. The MBW proteins are engaged in a regulatory network to select trichome cells among epidermal cells through R3MYB proteins that can move between cells and repress the MBW complex by competitive binding with the R2R3MYB to the bHLHL protein. We use quantitative pull-down assays to determine the relative dissociation constants for the protein-protein interactions of the involved genes. We find similar binding strength between the trichome promoting genes and weaker binding of the R3MYB inhibitors. We used the dissociation constants to calculate the relative percentage of all possible complex combinations and found surprisingly low fractions of those complexes that are typically considered to be relevant for the regulation events. Finally, we predict an increased robustness in patterning as a consequence of higher ordered complexes mediated by GL3 dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Flowers and Landscape Plants of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions/College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ZhongKai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Deneer
- Biometris, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christian Fleck
- Spatial Systems Biology Group, Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hülskamp
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
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Lin RC, Rausher MD. Absence of long-term balancing selection on variation in EuMYB3, an R2R3-MYB gene responsible for the anther-color polymorphism in Erythronium umbilicatum. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5364. [PMID: 38438787 PMCID: PMC10912454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Balancing selection has been shown to be common in plants for several different types of traits, such as self-incompatibility and heterostyly. Generally, for these traits balancing selection is generated by interactions among individuals or between individuals and other species (e.g., pathogens or pollinators). However, there are phenotypic polymorphisms in plants that do not obviously involve types of interactions that generate balancing selection. Little is known about the extent to which balancing selection also acts to preserve these polymorphisms. Here we ask whether balancing selection preserves an anther-color polymorphism in Erythronium umbilicatum (Liliaceae). We identified a major gene underlying this polymorphism. We then attempted to detect signatures of balancing selection on that gene by developing a new coalescence test for balancing selection. We found that variation in anther color is in large part caused by variation in a paralog of EuMYB3, an anthocyanin-regulating R2R3-MYB transcription factor. However, we found little evidence for balancing selection having acted historically on EuMYB3. Our results thus suggest that plant polymorphisms, especially those not involved in interactions that are likely to generate negative frequency-dependent selection, may reflect a transient state in which one morph will eventually be fixed by either genetic drift or directional selection. Our results also suggest that regulation of the anthocyanin pathway is more evolutionarily labile than is generally believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Chien Lin
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Mark D Rausher
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Zhou Z, Schenke D, Shen E, Fan L, Cai D. MicroRNAs constitute an additional layer in plant response to simultaneous bio- and abiotic stresses as exemplified by UV-B radiation and flg22-treatment on Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:765-781. [PMID: 38031484 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants are confronted with various environmental stresses and develop sophisticated adaptive mechanisms. Our previous work demonstrated that the crosstalk of flg22 and ultraviolet (UV)-B-induced signalling cascades reprograms the expression of flavonol pathway genes (FPGs), benefiting plant defence responses. Although several transcription factors have been identified to be involved in this crosstalk, the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. Here, we analyzed microRNAs (miRNAs) and identified 126, 129 and 113 miRNAs with altered abundances compared to untreated control in flg22-, UV-B- and flg22/UV-B-treated seedlings, respectively. Two distinct modules were identified: The first consists of 10 miRNAs repressed by UV-B but up-regulated by flg22, and the second with five miRNAs repressed by flg22 but up-regulated by UV-B. In Arabidopsis, the knockdown of miR858a, a representative of module I, increased the abundance of CHS (a marker gene for FPGs), whereas its overexpression reduced CHS. Conversely, knockout of miR164b from module II decreased CHS and its overexpression increased CHS transcript levels. These data suggest a decisive role of miRNAs in the crosstalk. In the next, we described the interaction between miR858a and its target MYB111 (a positive regulator of FPGs) from module I in detail. We showed that MYB111 was profoundly post-transcriptionally regulated by miR858a during the crosstalk, whose expression was specifically but antagonistically controlled by UVR8- and FLS2-mediated signallings. Moreover, transcriptional monitoring using the GUS reporter gene demonstrates that miRNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulation is the main driving force in reprogramming the expression of FPGs and regulates plant adaptation to multiple concurrent environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Schenke
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Enhui Shen
- Institute of Crop Science and Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longjiang Fan
- Institute of Crop Science and Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daguang Cai
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Jian H, Wang H, Qiu X, Yan H, Ma L. Identification and Validation of Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis of Petal-Color-Related Genes in Rosa praelucens. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:277. [PMID: 38540336 PMCID: PMC10970342 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The flower's color is regarded as one of the most outstanding features of the rose. Rosa praelucens Byhouwer, an endemic and critically endangered decaploid wild rose species, is abundant in phenotypic diversity, especially in flower color variation, from white to different degrees of pink. The mechanism underlying this variation, e.g., the level of petal-color-related genes, is worth probing. Seven candidate reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis, including tubulin α chain (TUBA), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), histone H2B (Histone2A), eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1-α (EEF1A), 60S ribosomal protein (RPL37), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1-α (EIF1A), and aquaporins (AQP), were detected from the transcriptome datasets of full blooming flowers of white-petaled and pink-petaled individuals, and their expression stabilities were evaluated through qRT-PCR analysis. According to stability rankings analysis, EEF1A showed the highest stability and could be chosen as the most suitable reference gene. Moreover, the reliability of EEF1A was demonstrated via qRT-PCR analysis of six petal-color-related target genes, the expression patterns of which, through EEF1A normalization, were found to be consistent with the findings of transcriptome analysis. The result provides an optimal reference gene for exploring the expression level of petal-color-related genes in R. praelucens, which will accelerate the dissection of petal-color-variation mechanisms in R. praelucens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lulin Ma
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.J.); (H.W.); (X.Q.); (H.Y.)
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Yeom WW, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Jeong Jeong Y, Choi HK, Jung HW, Heo JB, Kim CY, Chung YS. Overexpression of R2R3-MYB IbMYB1a induces anthocyanin pigmentation in soybean cotyledon. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:56. [PMID: 38319432 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This is the first report showing anthocyanin accumulation in the soybean cotyledon via genetic transformation of a single gene. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] contains valuable components, including anthocyanins. To enhance anthocyanin production in Korean soybean Kwangankong, we utilized the R2R3-type MYB gene (IbMYB1a), known for inducing anthocyanin pigmentation in Arabidopsis. This gene was incorporated into constructs using two promoters: the CaMV 35S promoter (P35S) and the β-conglycinin promoter (Pβ-con). Kwangankong was transformed using Agrobacterium, and the presence of IbMYB1a and Bar transgenes in T0 plants was confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by gene expression validation. Visual inspection revealed that one P35S:IbMYB1a and three Pβ-con:IbMYB1a lines displayed seed color change. Pβ-con:IbMYB1a T1 seeds accumulated anthocyanins in cotyledon outer layers, whereas P35S:IbMYB1a and non-transgenic black soybean (Cheongja 5 and Seum) accumulated anthocyanins in the seed coat. During the germination and growth phase, T1 seedlings from Pβ-con:IbMYB1a lines exhibited anthocyanin pigmentation in cotyledons for up to 1 month without growth aberrations. High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed cyanidin-3-O-glucoside as the major anthocyanin in the Pβ-con:IbMYB1a line (#3). We analyzed the expression patterns of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, chalcone synthase 7,8, chalcone isomerase 1A, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavanone 3'-hydroxylase, dihydroflavanol reductase 1, dihydroflavanol reductase 2, anthocyanidin synthase 2, anthocyanidin synthase 3, and UDP glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase in transgenic and control Kwangankong and black soybean (Cheongja 5 and Seum) seeds using quantitative real-time PCR. We conclude that the induction of gene expression in transgenic plants in comparison with Kwangankong was attributable to IbMYB1a transformation. Notably, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavanone 3'-hydroxylase, and dihydroflavanol reductase 1 were abundantly expressed in black soybean seed coat, distinguishing them from transgenic cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Woo Yeom
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resources Industry, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Choi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Ho Won Jung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Jae Bok Heo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Korea.
| | - Young-Soo Chung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea.
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Yang P, Yuan Y, Yan C, Jia Y, You Q, Da L, Lou A, Lv B, Zhang Z, Liu Y. AlliumDB: a central portal for comparative and functional genomics in Allium. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad285. [PMID: 38371639 PMCID: PMC10871970 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The genus Allium belongs to the botanical family Amaryllidaceae and includes economically important crops such as onion, garlic, bunching onion, and leek, used as vegetables, spices, and traditional medicines. The large sizes of Allium genomes hamper the genetic dissection of agronomically important traits and molecular breeding. With the growing accumulation of genomic, resequencing, transcriptome, and phenotypic data, the demand for an integrative Allium database is increasing. Here we present a user-friendly database, AlliumDB (https://allium.qau.edu.cn), as a functional genomics hub integrating public and in-house data. The database contains all currently available nuclear and organelle genomes for Allium species, with genes comprehensively annotated based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, orthology, gene families, protein families (Pfam), and non-coding RNA families (Rfam). Transcriptome and variation profiles are integrated into dynamic visualization tools. We took phenotypic photographs and generated trait records for hundreds of Allium germplasms collected worldwide, which are included in the database. We incorporated JBrowse for the visualization of gene structures, RNA sequencing data, and variation data. Analysis tools such as the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), sequence fetch, enrichment, and motif analyses are available to explore potential gene functions. This database incorporates comprehensive Allium genotypic and phenotypic datasets. As the community assembles new genomes and generates resequencing data for Allium germplasms, the database will be improved and continuously updated with these multi-omics data and comparative genomic studies. We expect the AlliumDB database to become a key resource for the study of Allium crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Yang
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qi You
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lingling Da
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ao Lou
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Bingsheng Lv
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Merrill RM, Arenas-Castro H, Feller AF, Harenčár J, Rossi M, Streisfeld MA, Kay KM. Genetics and the Evolution of Prezygotic Isolation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041439. [PMID: 37848246 PMCID: PMC10835618 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The significance of prezygotic isolation for speciation has been recognized at least since the Modern Synthesis. However, fundamental questions remain. For example, how are genetic associations between traits that contribute to prezygotic isolation maintained? What is the source of genetic variation underlying the evolution of these traits? And how do prezygotic barriers affect patterns of gene flow? We address these questions by reviewing genetic features shared across plants and animals that influence prezygotic isolation. Emerging technologies increasingly enable the identification and functional characterization of the genes involved, allowing us to test established theoretical expectations. Embedding these genes in their developmental context will allow further predictions about what constrains the evolution of prezygotic isolation. Ongoing improvements in statistical and computational tools will reveal how pre- and postzygotic isolation may differ in how they influence gene flow across the genome. Finally, we highlight opportunities for progress by combining theory with appropriate data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Merrill
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Evolutionary Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Henry Arenas-Castro
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anna F Feller
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02131, USA
| | - Julia Harenčár
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
| | - Matteo Rossi
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Evolutionary Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthew A Streisfeld
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-5289, USA
| | - Kathleen M Kay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
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An JP, Xu RR, Wang XN, Zhang XW, You CX, Han Y. MdbHLH162 connects the gibberellin and jasmonic acid signals to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:265-284. [PMID: 38284786 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites induced by environmental stimuli and developmental signals. The positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been reported, whereas the anthocyanin repressors have been neglected. Although the signal transduction pathways of gibberellin (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and their regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been investigated, the cross-talk between GA and JA and the antagonistic mechanism of regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis remain to be investigated. In this study, we identified the anthocyanin repressor MdbHLH162 in apple and revealed its molecular mechanism of regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis by integrating the GA and JA signals. MdbHLH162 exerted passive repression by interacting with MdbHLH3 and MdbHLH33, which are two recognized positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis. MdbHLH162 negatively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis by disrupting the formation of the anthocyanin-activated MdMYB1-MdbHLH3/33 complexes and weakening transcriptional activation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes MdDFR and MdUF3GT by MdbHLH3 and MdbHLH33. The GA repressor MdRGL2a antagonized MdbHLH162-mediated inhibition of anthocyanins by sequestering MdbHLH162 from the MdbHLH162-MdbHLH3/33 complex. The JA repressors MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 interfered with the antagonistic regulation of MdbHLH162 by MdRGL2a by titrating the formation of the MdRGL2a-MdbHLH162 complex. Our findings reveal that MdbHLH162 integrates the GA and JA signals to negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study provides new information for discovering more anthocyanin biosynthesis repressors and explores the cross-talk between hormone signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rui-Rui Xu
- College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Li S, Yang Y, Yu J, Zhou H, Hou Z, Wang X. Molecular and metabolic insights into purplish leaf coloration through the investigation of two mulberry (Morus alba) genotypes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:61. [PMID: 38253992 PMCID: PMC10804552 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf coloration in plants, attributed to anthocyanin compounds, plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, and also for pharmaceutical and horticultural uses. However, the molecular mechanisms governing leaf coloration and the physiological significance of anthocyanins in leaves remain poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, we investigated leaf color variation in two closely related mulberry genotypes, one with purplish-red young leaves (EP) and another with normal leaf color (EW). We integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches to gain insights into the metabolic and genetic basis of purplish-red leaf development in mulberry. Our results revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis, particularly the accumulation of delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, is a key determinant of leaf color. Additionally, the up-regulation of CHS genes and transcription factors, including MYB family members, likely contributes to the increased flavonoid content in purplish-red leaves. CONCLUSION These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the purplish coloration observed in mulberry leaves and also offer supporting evidence for the hypothesis that anthocyanins serve a protective function in plant tissues until the processes of light absorption and carbon fixation reach maturity, thereby ensuring a balanced equilibrium between energy capture and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Chongqing, China.
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Hu Z, Zhang N, Qin Z, Li J, Yang N, Chen Y, Kong J, Luo W, Xiong A, Zhuang J. Differential Response of MYB Transcription Factor Gene Transcripts to Circadian Rhythm in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:657. [PMID: 38203827 PMCID: PMC10780195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock refers to the formation of a certain rule in the long-term evolution of an organism, which is an invisible 'clock' in the body of an organism. As one of the largest TF families in higher plants, the MYB transcription factor is involved in plant growth and development. MYB is also inextricably correlated with the circadian rhythm. In this study, the transcriptome data of the tea plant 'Baiyeyihao' were measured at a photoperiod interval of 4 h (24 h). A total of 25,306 unigenes were obtained, including 14,615 unigenes that were annotated across 20 functional categories within the GO classification. Additionally, 10,443 single-gene clusters were annotated to 11 sublevels of metabolic pathways using KEGG. Based on the results of gene annotation and differential gene transcript analysis, 22 genes encoding MYB transcription factors were identified. The G10 group in the phylogenetic tree had 13 members, of which 5 were related to the circadian rhythm, accounting for 39%. The G1, G2, G8, G9, G15, G16, G18, G19, G20, G21 and G23 groups had no members associated with the circadian rhythm. Among the 22 differentially expressed MYB transcription factors, 3 members of LHY, RVE1 and RVE8 were core circadian rhythm genes belonging to the G10, G12 and G10 groups, respectively. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect and validate the expression of the gene transcripts encoding MYB transcription factors associated with the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Hu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhiyuan Qin
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Jinwen Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Ni Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Yi Chen
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Jieyu Kong
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Luo
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Aisheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
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Qian Z, Shi D, Zhang H, Li Z, Huang L, Yan X, Lin S. Transcription Factors and Their Regulatory Roles in the Male Gametophyte Development of Flowering Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:566. [PMID: 38203741 PMCID: PMC10778882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Male gametophyte development in plants relies on the functions of numerous genes, whose expression is regulated by transcription factors (TFs), non-coding RNAs, hormones, and diverse environmental stresses. Several excellent reviews are available that address the genes and enzymes associated with male gametophyte development, especially pollen wall formation. Growing evidence from genetic studies, transcriptome analysis, and gene-by-gene studies suggests that TFs coordinate with epigenetic machinery to regulate the expression of these genes and enzymes for the sequential male gametophyte development. However, very little summarization has been performed to comprehensively review their intricate regulatory roles and discuss their downstream targets and upstream regulators in this unique process. In the present review, we highlight the research progress on the regulatory roles of TF families in the male gametophyte development of flowering plants. The transcriptional regulation, epigenetic control, and other regulators of TFs involved in male gametophyte development are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Qian
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Dexi Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sue Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Liu J, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Kong Y, Liu P, Fang Y, Cui M, Pei T, Zhong X, Xu P, Qiu W, Yang D, Martin C, Zhao Q. Production of species-specific anthocyanins through an inducible system in plant hairy roots. Metab Eng 2024; 81:182-196. [PMID: 38103887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are widely distributed pigments in flowering plants with red, purple or blue colours. Their properties in promoting heath make anthocyanins perfect natural colourants for food additives. However, anthocyanins with strong colour and stability at neutral pH, suitable as food colourants are relatively rare in nature. Acylation increases anthocyanin stability and confers bluer colour. In this study, we isolated two anthocyanin regulators SbMyb75 and SbDel from S. baicalensis, and showed that constitutive expression of the two TFs led to accumulation of anthocyanins at high levels in black carrot hairy roots. However, these hairy roots had severe growth problems. We then developed a β-estradiol inducible system using XVE and a Lex-35S promoter, to initiate expression of the anthocyanin regulators and induced this system in hairy roots of black carrot, tobacco and morning glory. Anthocyanins with various decorations were produced in these hairy roots without any accompanying side-effects on growth. We further produced highly acylated anthocyanins with blue colour in a 5 L liquid culture in a bioreactor of hairy roots from morning glory. We provide here a strategy to produce highly decorated anthocyanins without the need for additional engineering of any of the genes encoding decorating enzymes. This strategy could be transferred to other species, with considerable potential for natural colourant production for the food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yuanxiu Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingmeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yumin Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Mengying Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Tianlin Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenqing Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200031, China; Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Thoben C, Pucker B. Automatic annotation of the bHLH gene family in plants. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:780. [PMID: 38102570 PMCID: PMC10722790 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bHLH transcription factor family is named after the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain that is a characteristic element of their members. Understanding the function and characteristics of this family is important for the examination of a wide range of functions. As the availability of genome sequences and transcriptome assemblies has increased significantly, the need for automated solutions that provide reliable functional annotations is emphasised. RESULTS A phylogenetic approach was adapted for the automatic identification and functional annotation of the bHLH transcription factor family. The bHLH_annotator, designed for the automated functional annotation of bHLHs, was implemented in Python3. Sequences of bHLHs described in literature were collected to represent the full diversity of bHLH sequences. Previously described orthologs form the basis for the functional annotation assignment to candidates which are also screened for bHLH-specific motifs. The pipeline was successfully deployed on the two Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Col-0 and Nd-1, the monocot species Dioscorea dumetorum, and a transcriptome assembly of Croton tiglium. Depending on the applied search parameters for the initial candidates in the pipeline, species-specific candidates or members of the bHLH family which experienced domain loss can be identified. CONCLUSIONS The bHLH_annotator allows a detailed and systematic investigation of the bHLH family in land plant species and classifies candidates based on bHLH-specific characteristics, which distinguishes the pipeline from other established functional annotation tools. This provides the basis for the functional annotation of the bHLH family in land plants and the systematic examination of a wide range of functions regulated by this transcription factor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Thoben
- Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Biology & Braunschweig Integrated, Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Boas Pucker
- Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Biology & Braunschweig Integrated, Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Zhang J, Zhao H, Chen L, Lin J, Wang Z, Pan J, Yang F, Ni X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li R, Pi E, Wang S. Multifaceted roles of WRKY transcription factors in abiotic stress and flavonoid biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1303667. [PMID: 38169626 PMCID: PMC10758500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1303667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Increasing biotic and abiotic stresses are seriously impeding the growth and yield of staple crops and threatening global food security. As one of the largest classes of regulators in vascular plants, WRKY transcription factors play critical roles governing flavonoid biosynthesis during stress responses. By binding major W-box cis-elements (TGACCA/T) in target promoters, WRKYs modulate diverse signaling pathways. In this review, we optimized existing WRKY phylogenetic trees by incorporating additional plant species with WRKY proteins implicated in stress tolerance and flavonoid regulation. Based on the improved frameworks and documented results, we aim to deduce unifying themes of distinct WRKY subfamilies governing specific stress responses and flavonoid metabolism. These analyses will generate experimentally testable hypotheses regarding the putative functions of uncharacterized WRKY homologs in tuning flavonoid accumulation to enhance stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erxu Pi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Luo L, Molthoff J, Li Q, Liu Y, Luo S, Li N, Xuan S, Wang Y, Shen S, Bovy AG, Zhao J, Chen X. Identification of candidate genes associated with less-photosensitive anthocyanin phenotype using an EMS mutant ( pind) in eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1282661. [PMID: 38169942 PMCID: PMC10758619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a highly nutritious and economically important vegetable crop. However, the fruit peel of eggplant often shows poor coloration owing to low-light intensity during cultivation, especially in the winter. The less-photosensitive varieties produce anthocyanin in low light or even dark conditions, making them valuable breeding materials. Nevertheless, genes responsible for anthocyanin biosynthesis in less-photosensitive eggplant varieties are not characterized. In this study, an EMS mutant, named purple in the dark (pind), was used to identify the key genes responsible for less-photosensitive coloration. Under natural conditions, the peel color and anthocyanin content in pind fruits were similar to that of wildtype '14-345'. The bagged pind fruits were light purple, whereas those of '14-345' were white; and the anthocyanin content in the pind fruit peel was significantly higher than that in '14-345'. Genetic analysis revealed that the less-photosensitive trait was controlled by a single dominant gene. The candidate gene was mapped on chromosome 10 in the region 7.72 Mb to 11.71 Mb. Thirty-five differentially expressed genes, including 12 structural genes, such as CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, and UFGT, and three transcription factors MYB113, GL3, and TTG2, were identified in pind using RNA-seq. Four candidate genes EGP21875 (myb domain protein 113), EGP21950 (unknown protein), EGP21953 (CAAX amino-terminal protease family protein), and EGP21961 (CAAX amino-terminal protease family protein) were identified as putative genes associated with less-photosensitive anthocyanin biosynthesis in pind. These findings may clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying less-photosensitive anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jos Molthoff
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Shuangxia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuxin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuxing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Arnaud G. Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, International Joint R & D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Xiao Z, Wang J, Jiang N, Fan C, Xiang X, Liu W. An LcMYB111-LcHY5 Module Differentially Activates an LcFLS Promoter in Different Litchi Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16817. [PMID: 38069137 PMCID: PMC10706726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonol synthase (FLS) is the crucial enzyme of the flavonol biosynthetic pathways, and its expression is tightly regulated in plants. In our previous study, two alleles of LcFLS,LcFLS-A and LcFLS-B, have been identified in litchi, with extremely early-maturing (EEM) cultivars only harboring LcFLS-A, while middle-to-late-maturing (MLM) cultivars only harbor LcFLS-B. Here, we overexpressed both LcFLS alleles in tobacco, and transgenic tobacco produced lighter-pink flowers and showed increased flavonol levels while it decreased anthocyanin levels compared to WT. Two allelic promoters of LcFLS were identified, with EEM cultivars only harboring proLcFLS-A, while MLM cultivars only harbor proLcFLS-B. One positive and three negative R2R3-MYB transcription regulators of LcFLS expression were identified, among which only positive regulator LcMYB111 showed a consistent expression pattern with LcFLS, which both have higher expression in EEM than that of MLM cultivars. LcMYB111 were further confirmed to specifically activate proLcFLS-A with MYB-binding element (MBE) while being unable to activate proLcFLS-B with mutated MBE (MBEm). LcHY5 were also identified and can interact with LcMYB111 to promote LcFLS expression. Our study elucidates the function of LcFLS and its differential regulation in different litchi cultivars for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.X.); (J.W.); (N.J.); (C.F.); (X.X.)
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Zumajo-Cardona C, Gabrieli F, Anire J, Albertini E, Ezquer I, Colombo L. Evolutionary studies of the bHLH transcription factors belonging to MBW complex: their role in seed development. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:383-400. [PMID: 37467144 PMCID: PMC10667011 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The MBW complex consist of proteins belonging to three major families (MYB, bHLH and WDR) involved in various processes throughout plant development: epidermal cell development, mucilage secretory cells and flavonoid biosynthesis. Recently, it has been reported that TT8, encoding a bHLH transcription factor, is involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in the seed coat and it also plays a role in bypassing the postzygotic barrier resulting from an unbalance in genetic loads of the parental lines. Here, we focus on the functional evolution, in seed development, of the bHLH proteins that are part of the MBW complex, complemented with a literature review. METHODS Phylogenetic analyses performed across seed plants and expression analyses in the reproductive tissues of four selected angiosperms (Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus, Capsella rubella and Solanum lycopersicum) allow us to hypothesize on the evolution of its functions. KEY RESULTS TT8 expression in the innermost layer of the seed coat is conserved in the selected angiosperms. However, except for Arabidopsis, TT8 is also expressed in ovules, carpels and fruits. The homologues belonging to the sister clade of TT8, EGL3/GL3, involved in trichome development, are expressed in the outermost layer of the seed coat, suggesting potential roles in mucilage. CONCLUSIONS The ancestral function of these genes appears to be flavonoid biosynthesis, and the conservation of TT8 expression patterns in the innermost layer of the seed coat in angiosperms suggests that their function in postzygotic barriers might also be conserved. Moreover, the literature review and the results of the present study suggest a sophisticated association, linking the mechanisms of action of these genes to the cross-communication activity between the different tissues of the seed. Thus, it provides avenues to study the mechanisms of action of TT8 in the postzygotic triploid block, which is crucial because it impacts seed development in unbalanced crosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Flavio Gabrieli
- Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale DII, University of Padua, via Gradenigo, 6/a, Padova, Italy
| | - Jovannemar Anire
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- National Coconut Research Center – Visayas, Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
| | - Emidio Albertini
- Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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