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Ninkuu V, Zhou Y, Liu H, Sun S, Liu Z, Liu Y, Yang J, Hu M, Guan L, Sun X. Regulation of nitrogen metabolism by COE2 under low sulfur stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112137. [PMID: 38815871 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between nitrogen and sulfur assimilation synergistically supports and sustains plant growth and development, operating in tandem to ensure coordinated and optimal outcomes. Previously, we characterized Arabidopsis CHLOROPHYLL A/B-BINDING (CAB) overexpression 2 (COE2) mutant, which has a mutation in the NITRIC OXIDE-ASSOCIATED (NOA1) gene and exhibits deficiency in root growth under low nitrogen (LN) stress. This study found that the growth suppression in roots and shoots in coe2 correlates with decreased sensitivity to low sulfur stress treatment compared to the wild-type. Therefore, we examined the regulatory role of COE2 in nitrogen and sulfur interaction by assessing the expression of nitrogen metabolism-related genes in coe2 seedlings under low sulfur stress. Despite the notable upregulation of nitrate reductase genes (NIA1 and NIA2), there was a considerable reduction in nitrogen uptake and utilization, resulting in a substantial growth penalty. Moreover, the elevated expression of miR396 perhaps complemented growth stunting by selectively targeting and curtailing the expression levels of GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR 2 (GRF2), GRF4, and GRF9. This study underscores the vital role of COE2-mediated nitrogen signaling in facilitating seedling growth under sulfur deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ninkuu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Hao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Susu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jincheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Mengke Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Liping Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xuwu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China.
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Liao HS, Lee KT, Chung YH, Chen SZ, Hung YJ, Hsieh MH. Glutamine induces lateral root initiation, stress responses, and disease resistance in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2289-2308. [PMID: 38466723 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The production of glutamine (Gln) from NO3- and NH4+ requires ATP, reducing power, and carbon skeletons. Plants may redirect these resources to other physiological processes using Gln directly. However, feeding Gln as the sole nitrogen (N) source has complex effects on plants. Under optimal concentrations, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings grown on Gln have similar primary root lengths, more lateral roots, smaller leaves, and higher amounts of amino acids and proteins compared to those grown on NH4NO3. While high levels of Gln accumulate in Arabidopsis seedlings grown on Gln, the expression of GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE1;1 (GLN1;1), GLN1;2, and GLN1;3 encoding cytosolic GS1 increases and expression of GLN2 encoding chloroplastic GS2 decreases. These results suggest that Gln has distinct effects on regulating GLN1 and GLN2 gene expression. Notably, Arabidopsis seedlings grown on Gln have an unexpected gene expression profile. Compared with NH4NO3, which activates growth-promoting genes, Gln preferentially induces stress- and defense-responsive genes. Consistent with the gene expression data, exogenous treatment with Gln enhances disease resistance in Arabidopsis. The induction of Gln-responsive genes, including PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1, SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT1, WRKY54, and WALL ASSOCIATED KINASE1, is compromised in salicylic acid (SA) biosynthetic and signaling mutants under Gln treatments. Together, these results suggest that Gln may partly interact with the SA pathway to trigger plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kim-Teng Lee
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, The Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Soon-Ziet Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Hung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, The Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Elsanosi HA, Zhu T, Zhou G, Song L. Genomic organization and expression profiles of nitrogen assimilation genes in Glycine max. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17590. [PMID: 38938604 PMCID: PMC11210457 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and nitrate reductase (NR) are key enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation and metabolism in plants. However, the systematic analysis of these gene families lacked reports in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), one of the most important crops worldwide. Methods In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and characterization of GS, GOGAT, and NR genes in soybean under abiotic and nitrogen stress conditions. Results We identified a total of 10 GS genes, six GOGAT genes, and four NR genes in the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of multiple isoforms for each gene family, indicating their functional diversification. The distribution of these genes on soybean chromosomes was uneven, with segmental duplication events contributing to their expansion. Within the nitrogen assimilation genes (NAGs) group, there was uniformity in the exon-intron structure and the presence of conserved motifs in NAGs. Furthermore, analysis of cis-elements in NAG promoters indicated complex regulation of their expression. RT-qPCR analysis of seven soybean NAGs under various abiotic stresses, including nitrogen deficiency, drought-nitrogen, and salinity, revealed distinct regulatory patterns. Most NAGs exhibited up-regulation under nitrogen stress, while diverse expression patterns were observed under salt and drought-nitrogen stress, indicating their crucial role in nitrogen assimilation and abiotic stress tolerance. These findings offer valuable insights into the genomic organization and expression profiles of GS, GOGAT, and NR genes in soybean under nitrogen and abiotic stress conditions. The results have potential applications in the development of stress-resistant soybean varieties through genetic engineering and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Abdelmonim Elsanosi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Li X, Gu Y, Kayoumu M, Muhammad N, Wang X, Gui H, Luo T, Wang Q, Wumaierjiang X, Ruan S, Iqbal A, Zhang X, Song M, Dong Q. Systematic characterization of Gossypium GLN family genes reveals a potential function of GhGLN1.1a regulates nitrogen use efficiency in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:313. [PMID: 38654158 PMCID: PMC11036627 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme glutamine synthetase (GLN) is mainly responsible for the assimilation and reassimilation of nitrogen (N) in higher plants. Although the GLN gene has been identified in various plants, there is little information about the GLN family in cotton (Gossypium spp.). To elucidate the roles of GLN genes in cotton, we systematically investigated and characterized the GLN gene family across four cotton species (G. raimondii, G. arboreum, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense). Our analysis encompassed analysis of members, gene structure, cis-element, intragenomic duplication, and exploration of collinear relationships. Gene duplication analysis indicated that segmental duplication was the primary driving force for the expansion of the GhGLN gene family. Transcriptomic and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses indicated that the GhGLN1.1a gene is responsive to N induction treatment and several abiotic stresses. The results of virus-induced gene silencing revealed that the accumulation and N use efficiency (NUE) of cotton were affected by the inactivation of GhGLN1.1a. This study comprehensively analyzed the GhGLN genes in Gossypium spp., and provides a new perspective on the functional roles of GhGLN1.1a in regulating NUE in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology /Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yunqi Gu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology /Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Mirezhatijiang Kayoumu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology /Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology /Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology /Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Huiping Gui
- National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology /Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Tong Luo
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology /Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology /Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xieraili Wumaierjiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology /Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Sijia Ruan
- National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology /Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Xiling Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology /Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Meizhen Song
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology /Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Qiang Dong
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology /Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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Verrillo M, Cianciullo P, Cozzolino V, De Ruberto F, Maresca V, Di Fraia A, Fusaro L, Manes F, Basile A. Oxidative Stress Response Mechanisms Sustain the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Quercus ilex. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1154. [PMID: 38674563 PMCID: PMC11055132 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of new natural antibiotics is considered as the heart of several investigations in the nutraceutical field. In this work, leaves of Quercus ilex L. treated by tropospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition, exhibited a clear antimicrobial efficacy against five multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains (two gram-positive and three gram-negative). Under controlled conditions, it was studied how simulated N deposition influences the response to O3 and the antibacterial and antioxidant activity, and antioxidant performance. The extraction was performed by ultra-pure acetone using two different steps. A higher antioxidant activity was measured in the presence of interaction between O3 and N treatments on Quercus leaves. At the same time, all organic extracts tested have shown bacteriostatic activity against all the tested strains with a MIC comprised between 9 and 4 micrograms/mL, and a higher antioxidant efficacy shown by spectrophotometric assay. Stronger antimicrobial activity was found in the samples treated with O3, whereas N-treated plants exhibited an intermediate antibacterial performance. This performance is related to the stimulation of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system induced by the oxidative stress, which results in an increase in the production of antimicrobial bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariavittoria Verrillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), University of Naples “Federico II”, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Cianciullo
- Department of Biology, University Federico II Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.C.); (V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Vincenza Cozzolino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), University of Naples “Federico II”, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Francesca De Ruberto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Viviana Maresca
- Department of Biology, University Federico II Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.C.); (V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Alessia Di Fraia
- Department of Biology, University Federico II Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.C.); (V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Lina Fusaro
- National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fausto Manes
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University Federico II Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.C.); (V.M.); (A.D.F.)
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Li J, Liao Q, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu J, Zha R, He JZ, Zhang M, Zhang W. Involvement of functional metabolism promotes the enrichment of antibiotic resistome in drinking water: Based on the PICRUSt2 functional prediction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120544. [PMID: 38471323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Biofilters are the important source and sink of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) in the drinking water. Current studies generally ascribed the prevalence of BAR in biofilter from the perspective of gene behavior, i.e. horizontal gene transfer (HGT), little attentions have been paid on the ARGs carrier- ARB. In this study, we proposed the hypothesis that ARB participating in pollutant metabolism processes and becoming dominant is an important way for the enrichment of ARGs. To verify this, the antibiotic resistome and bacterial functional metabolic pathways of a sand filter was profiled using heterotrophic bacterial plate counting method (HPC), high-throughput qPCR, Illumina Hiseq sequencing and PICRUSt2 functional prediction. The results illustrated a significant leakage of ARB in the effluent of the sand filter with an average absolute abundance of approximately 102-103 CFU/mL. Further contribution analysis revealed that the dominant genera, such as Acinetobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Elizabethkingia spp., and Bacillus spp., were primary ARGs hosts, conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics including sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and β-lactams. Notably, these ARGs hosts were involved in nitrogen metabolism, including extracellular nitrate/nitrite transport and nitrite reduction, which are crucial in nitrification and denitrification in biofilters. For example, Acinetobacter spp., the dominant bacteria in the filter (relative abundance 69.97 %), contributed the majority of ARGs and 53.79 % of nitrite reduction function. That is, ARB can predominate by participating in the nitrogen metabolism pathways, facilitating the enrichment of ARGs. These findings provide insights into the stable presence of ARGs in biofilters from a functional metabolism perspective, offering a significant supplementary to the mechanisms of the emergence, maintenance, and transmission of BARin drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse (Fujian Normal University) Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qiuyu Liao
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse (Fujian Normal University) Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse (Fujian Normal University) Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xuansen Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse (Fujian Normal University) Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jinchi Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse (Fujian Normal University) Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Ruibo Zha
- School of Cultural Tourism and Public Administration, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Sanming 365002, China
| | - Menglu Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Sanming 365002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse (Fujian Normal University) Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Weifang Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse (Fujian Normal University) Fuzhou 350117, China
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Shokri-Gharelo R, Derakhti-Dizaji M, Dadashi D, Chalekaei M, Rostami-Tobnag G. Bioinformatics and meta-analysis of expression data to investigate transcriptomic response of wheat root to abiotic stresses. Biosystems 2024; 237:105165. [PMID: 38430956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are predominant and main causes of the losses in the crop yield. A complexity of systems biology and involvement of numerous genes in the response to abiotic factors have challenged efforts to create tolerant cultivars with sustainable production. The root is the main organ of the plant and determines a plant tolerance under stressful conditions. In this study, we carried out a meta-analysis of expression datasets from wheat root to identify differentially expressed genes, followed by the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to construct the weighted gene co-expression network. The aim was to identify consensus differentially expressed genes with regulatory functions, gene networks, and biological pathways involved in response of wheat root to a set of abiotic stresses. The meta-analysis using Fisher method (FDR<0.05) identified consensus 526 DEGs from 55,367 probe sets. Although the annotated expression data are limited for wheat, the functional analysis based on the data from model plants could identify the up-regulated seven regulatory genes involved in chromosome organization and response to oxygen-containing compounds. WGCNA identified four gene modules that were mostly associated with the ribosome biogenesis and polypeptide synthesis. This study's findings enhance our understanding of key players and gene networks related to wheat root response to multiple abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shokri-Gharelo
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Researcher of Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Morteza Derakhti-Dizaji
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davod Dadashi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Chalekaei
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghader Rostami-Tobnag
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Lei K, Hu H, Chang M, Sun C, Ullah A, Yu J, Dong C, Gao Q, Jiang D, Cao W, Tian Z, Dai T. A low red/far-red ratio restricts nitrogen assimilation by inhibiting nitrate reductase associated with downregulated TaNR1.2 and upregulated TaPIL5 in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:107850. [PMID: 38042099 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological mechanism underlying nitrogen levels response to a low red/far-red ratio (R/FR) can provide new insights for optimizing wheat yield potential but has been not well documented. This study focused on the changes in nitrogen levels, nitrogen assimilation and nitrate uptake in wheat plants grown with and without additional far-red light. A low R/FR reduced wheat nitrogen accumulation and grain yield compared with the control. The levels of total nitrogen, free amino acid and ammonium were decreased in leaves but nitrate content was temporarily increased under a low R/FR. The nitrate reductase (NR) activity in leaves was more sensitive to a low R/FR than glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. Further analysis showed that a low R/FR had little effect on the NR activation state but reduced the level of NR protein and the expression of encoding gene TaNR1.2. Interestingly, a low R/FR rapidly induced TaPIL5 expression rather than TaHY5 and other members of TaPILs in wheat, suggesting that TaPIL5 was the key transcription factor response to a low R/FR in wheat and might be involved in the downregulation of TaNR1.2 expression. Besides, a low R/FR downregulated the expression of TaNR1.2 in leaves earlier than that of TaNRT1.1/1.2/1.5/1.8 in roots, which highlights the importance of NR and nitrogen assimilation in response to a low R/FR. Our results provide revelatory evidence that restricted nitrate reductase associated with downregulated TaNR1.2 and upregulated TaPIL5 mediate the suppression of nitrogen assimilation under a low R/FR in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjie Chang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanjiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Attiq Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaofeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Kobercová E, Melo P, Fischer L. Validating the role of glutamine synthetase GLN2 during photorespiration in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:324-328. [PMID: 37787606 PMCID: PMC10756748 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Kobercová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Paula Melo
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and GreenUPorto - Research Centre on Sustainable Agrifood Production, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Lukáš Fischer
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech Republic
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10
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Lee KT, Liao HS, Hsieh MH. Glutamine Metabolism, Sensing and Signaling in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1466-1481. [PMID: 37243703 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) is the first amino acid synthesized in nitrogen (N) assimilation in plants. Gln synthetase (GS), converting glutamate (Glu) and NH4+ into Gln at the expense of ATP, is one of the oldest enzymes in all life domains. Plants have multiple GS isoenzymes that work individually or cooperatively to ensure that the Gln supply is sufficient for plant growth and development under various conditions. Gln is a building block for protein synthesis and an N-donor for the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleic acids, amino sugars and vitamin B coenzymes. Most reactions using Gln as an N-donor are catalyzed by Gln amidotransferase (GAT) that hydrolyzes Gln to Glu and transfers the amido group of Gln to an acceptor substrate. Several GAT domain-containing proteins of unknown function in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana suggest that some metabolic fates of Gln have yet to be identified in plants. In addition to metabolism, Gln signaling has emerged in recent years. The N regulatory protein PII senses Gln to regulate arginine biosynthesis in plants. Gln promotes somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis with unknown mechanisms. Exogenous Gln has been implicated in activating stress and defense responses in plants. Likely, Gln signaling is responsible for some of the new Gln functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Teng Lee
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, The Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, The Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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11
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Fortunato S, Nigro D, Lasorella C, Marcotuli I, Gadaleta A, de Pinto MC. The Role of Glutamine Synthetase (GS) and Glutamate Synthase (GOGAT) in the Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cereals. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1771. [PMID: 38136642 PMCID: PMC10742212 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereals are the most broadly produced crops and represent the primary source of food worldwide. Nitrogen (N) is a critical mineral nutrient for plant growth and high yield, and the quality of cereal crops greatly depends on a suitable N supply. In the last decades, a massive use of N fertilizers has been achieved in the desire to have high yields of cereal crops, leading to damaging effects for the environment, ecosystems, and human health. To ensure agricultural sustainability and the required food source, many attempts have been made towards developing cereal crops with a more effective nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). NUE depends on N uptake, utilization, and lastly, combining the capability to assimilate N into carbon skeletons and remobilize the N assimilated. The glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthase (GOGAT) cycle represents a crucial metabolic step of N assimilation, regulating crop yield. In this review, the physiological and genetic studies on GS and GOGAT of the main cereal crops will be examined, giving emphasis on their implications in NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Fortunato
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.)
| | - Domenica Nigro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Cecilia Lasorella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.)
| | - Ilaria Marcotuli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Agata Gadaleta
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Maria Concetta de Pinto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.)
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12
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Feng Y, Zhao Y, Li G, Shi H. Reducing nitrate and tobacco-specific nitrosamine level in burley tobacco leaves through grafting on flue-cured tobacco rootstock. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e536. [PMID: 37841064 PMCID: PMC10568975 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosation of pyridine alkaloids in tobacco generates tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), which are notable toxicants in tobacco products and smoke. Burley tobacco, a chloroplast- and nitrogen (N)-deficient phenotype that accumulates high levels of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in its leaves, is particularly susceptible to TSNAs formation. In this study, reciprocal pot and field grafting experiments were conducted using burley tobacco Eyan No.1 and flue-cured tobacco K326 to investigate whether grafting burley tobacco scions on flue-cured tobacco rootstocks could enhance pigment biosynthesis and photosynthesis, while reducing the NO3-N level in burley tobacco leaves. Grafting burley tobacco scions on flue-cured tobacco rootstocks significantly increased the total pigment content, photosynthetic rate, biomass, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities, as well as ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), total soluble and reducing sugar, and soluble protein levels in burley tobacco leaves compared with burley tobacco self-rooting, while decreasing the NO3-N level and nitrate-N to total N ratio. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that grafting resulted in upregulated expression of genes involved in starch, sucrose, porphyrin, chlorophyll, and N metabolism, as well as carbon fixation and carotenoid biosynthesis. The findings suggest that grafting on high N use efficiency rootstock is an exceptionally promising means of decreasing NO3-N accumulation by improving photosynthesis and N metabolism in the scion, thereby reducing the levels of harmful TSNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Feng
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China TobaccoHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China TobaccoHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Geng Li
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China TobaccoHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hongzhi Shi
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China TobaccoHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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13
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Zhang W, Ni K, Long L, Ruan J. Nitrogen transport and assimilation in tea plant ( Camellia sinensis): a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1249202. [PMID: 37810380 PMCID: PMC10556680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for tea plants, as it contributes significantly to tea yield and serves as the component of amino acids, which in turn affects the quality of tea produced. To achieve higher yields, excessive amounts of N fertilizers mainly in the form of urea have been applied in tea plantations where N fertilizer is prone to convert to nitrate and be lost by leaching in the acid soils. This usually results in elevated costs and environmental pollution. A comprehensive understanding of N metabolism in tea plants and the underlying mechanisms is necessary to identify the key regulators, characterize the functional phenotypes, and finally improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Tea plants absorb and utilize ammonium as the preferred N source, thus a large amount of nitrate remains activated in soils. The improvement of nitrate utilization by tea plants is going to be an alternative aspect for NUE with great potentiality. In the process of N assimilation, nitrate is reduced to ammonium and subsequently derived to the GS-GOGAT pathway, involving the participation of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Additionally, theanine, a unique amino acid responsible for umami taste, is biosynthesized by the catalysis of theanine synthetase (TS). In this review, we summarize what is known about the regulation and functioning of the enzymes and transporters implicated in N acquisition and metabolism in tea plants and the current methods for assessing NUE in this species. The challenges and prospects to expand our knowledge on N metabolism and related molecular mechanisms in tea plants which could be a model for woody perennial plant used for vegetative harvest are also discussed to provide the theoretical basis for future research to assess NUE traits more precisely among the vast germplasm resources, thus achieving NUE improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xihu National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Long
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xihu National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Min CW, Gupta R, Jung JY, Rakwal R, Kang JW, Cho JH, Jeon JS, Kim ST. Comparative Proteome-wide Characterization of Three Different Tissues of High-Protein Mutant and Wild Type Unravels Protein Accumulation Mechanisms in Rice Seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12357-12367. [PMID: 37549031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving the proteins and amino acid contents of rice seeds is one of the prime objectives of plant breeders. We recently developed an EMS mutant/high-protein mutant (HPM) of rice that exhibits 14.8% of the total protein content as compared to its parent Dharial (wild-type), which shows only 9.3% protein content in their mature seeds. However, the mechanisms underlying the higher protein accumulation in these HPM seeds remain largely elusive. Here, we utilized high-throughput proteomics to examine the differences in the proteome profiles of the embryo, endosperm, and bran tissues of Dharial and HPM seeds. Utilizing a label-free quantitative proteomic and subsequent functional analyses of the identified proteins revealed that nitrogen compound biosynthesis, intracellular transport, protein/amino acid synthesis, and photosynthesis-related proteins were specifically enriched in the endosperm and bran of the high-protein mutant seed. Our data have uncovered proteome-wide changes highlighting various functions of metabolic pathways associated with protein accumulation in rice seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Jung
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO 13265, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Ju-Won Kang
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeon Cho
- Sangju Substation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Sangju 37139, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
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15
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Zhang Q, Shi Y, Hu H, Shi Y, Tang D, Ruan J, Fernie AR, Liu MY. Magnesium promotes tea plant growth via enhanced glutamine synthetase-mediated nitrogen assimilation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1321-1337. [PMID: 36879396 PMCID: PMC10231486 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Acidic tea (Camellia sinensis) plantation soil usually suffers from magnesium (Mg) deficiency, and as such, application of fertilizer containing Mg can substantially increase tea quality by enhancing the accumulation of nitrogen (N)-containing chemicals such as amino acids in young tea shoots. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the promoting effects of Mg on N assimilation in tea plants remain unclear. Here, both hydroponic and field experiments were conducted to analyze N, Mg, metabolite contents, and gene expression patterns in tea plants. We found that N and amino acids accumulated in tea plant roots under Mg deficiency, while metabolism of N was enhanced by Mg supplementation, especially under a low N fertilizer regime. 15N tracing experiments demonstrated that assimilation of N was induced in tea roots following Mg application. Furthermore, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis of RNA-seq data suggested that genes encoding glutamine synthetase isozymes (CsGSs), key enzymes regulating N assimilation, were markedly regulated by Mg treatment. Overexpression of CsGS1.1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in a more tolerant phenotype under Mg deficiency and increased N assimilation. These results validate our suggestion that Mg transcriptionally regulates CsGS1.1 during the enhanced assimilation of N in tea plant. Moreover, results of a field experiment demonstrated that high Mg and low N had positive effects on tea quality. This study deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactive effects of Mg and N in tea plants while also providing both genetic and agronomic tools for future improvement of tea production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yutao Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Dandan Tang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mei-Ya Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hangzhou 310008, China
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16
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Chen M, Zhu K, Xie J, Liu J, Qiao Z, Tan P, Peng F. Ammonium-nitrate mixtures dominated by NH 4+-N promote the growth of pecan ( Carya illinoinensis) through enhanced N uptake and assimilation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1186818. [PMID: 37313261 PMCID: PMC10258329 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) limits plant productivity, and its uptake and assimilation may be regulated by N sources, N assimilating enzymes, and N assimilation genes. Mastering the regulatory mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation is a key way to improve plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, it is poorly known how these factors interact to influence the growth process of pecans. In this study, the growth, nutrient uptake and N assimilation characteristics of pecan were analyzed by aeroponic cultivation at varying NH4 +/NO3 - ratios (0/0, 0/100,25/75, 50/50, 75/25,100/0 as CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5). The results showed that T4 and T5 treatments optimally promoted the growth, nutrient uptake and N assimilating enzyme activities of pecan, which significantly increased aboveground biomass, average relative growth rate (RGR), root area, root activity, free amino acid (FAA) and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations, nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT and NADH-GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities. According to the qRT-PCR results, most of the N assimilation genes were expressed at higher levels in leaves and were mainly significantly up-regulated under T1 and T4 treatments. Correlation analysis showed that a correlation between N assimilating enzymes and N assimilating genes did not necessarily exist. The results of partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) analysis indicated that N assimilation genes could affect the growth of pecan by regulating N assimilation enzymes and nutrients. In summary, we suggested that the NH4 +/NO3 - ratio of 75:25 was more beneficial to improve the growth and NUE of pecan. Meanwhile, we believe that the determination of plant N assimilation capacity should be the result of a comprehensive analysis of N concentration, N assimilation enzymes and related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Chen
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaikai Zhu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyi Xie
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Ecology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junping Liu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenbing Qiao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengpeng Tan
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangren Peng
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Zhai W, Jiang W, Guo Q, Wang Z, Liu D, Zhou Z, Wang P. Existence of antibiotic pollutant in agricultural soil: Exploring the correlation between microbiome and pea yield. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162152. [PMID: 36775170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to sewage irrigation, manure fertilizer application or other agricultural activities, antibiotics have been introduced into farmland as an emerging contaminant, existing with other agrochemicals. However, the potential influences of antibiotics on the efficiency of agrochemicals and crops health are still unclear. In this work, the effect of antibiotics on fertilization efficiency and pea yield was evaluated, and the mechanism was explored in view of soil microbiome. Nitrogen utilization and pea yield were decreased by antibiotics. In specific, the weight of seeds decreased 9.5 % by 5 mg/kg antibiotics and decreased 25.1 % by 50 mg/kg antibiotics. For N nutrient in pea, antibiotics resulted in 62.5 %-63.7 % decrease in amino acid content and 8.3 %-35.3 % decrease in inorganic-N content. Further research showed that antibiotics interfered with N cycle in soil, inhibiting urea decomposition and denitrification process by reducing function genes ureC, nirK and norB in soil, thus decreasing N availability. Meanwhile, antibiotics destroyed the enzyme function in N assimilation. This work evaluated the environmental risk of antibiotics from fertilization efficiency and N utilization in crop. Antibiotics could not only affect N cycle, limiting the decomposition of N fertilizer, but also affect N utilization in plants, thus affecting the yield and even the quality of leguminous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjing Zhai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qiqi Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhixuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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18
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Tan J, Zhao S, Chen J, Pan X, Li C, Liu Y, Wu C, Li W, Zheng M. Preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon dots and their enhancement on lettuce yield and quality. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:3113-3123. [PMID: 36947418 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02817d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an effective way to stimulate the yield potential of crops. Various nano-fertilizers and nano-carriers are gradually being developed to bring about a technological revolution in the agricultural industry. As a biocompatible water-soluble nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted the attention of researchers for applications in agriculture. In this study, we prepared nitrogen-doped CDs (N-CDs) as a type of water-soluble carbon nanofertilizer by a one-pot hydrothermal method, and investigated its effects on lettuce biomass and quality. 100 and 200 mg L-1 of N-CDs substantially promoted lettuce biomass accumulation (41.70%), elevated lettuce nutrient content, as well as promoted the accumulation of major nutrients. Moreover, 100 mg L-1 N-CDs increased the chlorophyll a content by 12.68%, significantly increased the electron transport rate (ETR) by 38.61%, significantly increased the light energy conversion efficiency (Y(II)) by 31.24% and increased the Rubisco activity by 60.61%, which are important reasons for its increase in actual photosynthesis rate. N-CDs also have a positive effect on plant nitrogen metabolism by promoting the activity of glutamine synthetase. The significant benefits of N-CDs on lettuce make them have great potential for agricultural yield increase and quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shili Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqin Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingliang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caijuan Wu
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525100, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingtao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525100, China
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Ding S, Lv J, Hu Z, Wang J, Wang P, Yu J, Foyer CH, Shi K. Phytosulfokine peptide optimizes plant growth and defense via glutamine synthetase GS2 phosphorylation in tomato. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111858. [PMID: 36562188 PMCID: PMC10015362 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant pentapeptide hormone that fulfills a wide range of functions. Although PSK has frequently been reported to function in the inverse regulation of growth and defense in response to (hemi)biotrophic pathogens, the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Using the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 pathogen system, we present compelling evidence that the PSK receptor PSKR1 interacts with the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28, which in turn phosphorylates the key enzyme of nitrogen assimilation glutamine synthetase GS2 at two sites (Serine-334 and Serine-360). GS2 phosphorylation at S334 specifically regulates plant defense, whereas S360 regulates growth, uncoupling the PSK-induced effects on defense responses and growth regulation. The discovery of these sites will inform breeding strategies designed to optimize the growth-defense balance in a compatible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Ding
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianrong Lv
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhangjian Hu
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology CityZhejiang UniversitySanyaChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and DevelopmentMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHangzhouChina
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology CityZhejiang UniversitySanyaChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and DevelopmentMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHangzhouChina
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Sun H, Guo X, Zhu X, Gu P, Zhang W, Tao W, Wang D, Wu Y, Zhao Q, Xu G, Fu X, Zhang Y. Strigolactone and gibberellin signaling coordinately regulate metabolic adaptations to changes in nitrogen availability in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:588-598. [PMID: 36683328 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern semi-dwarf rice varieties of the "Green Revolution" require a high supply of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to produce high yields. A better understanding of the interplay between N metabolism and plant developmental processes is required for improved N-use efficiency and agricultural sustainability. Here, we show that strigolactones (SLs) modulate root metabolic and developmental adaptations to low N availability for ensuring efficient uptake and translocation of available N. The key repressor DWARF 53 (D53) of the SL signaling pathway interacts with the transcription factor GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 4 (GRF4) and prevents GRF4 from binding to its target gene promoters. N limitation induces the accumulation of SLs, which in turn promotes SL-mediated degradation of D53, leading to the release of GRF4 and thus promoting the expression of genes associated with N metabolism. N limitation also induces degradation of the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1) in an D14- and D53-dependent manner, effectively releasing GRF4 from competitive inhibition caused by SLR1. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying SL and gibberellin crosstalk in response to N availability, advancing our understanding of plant growth-metabolic coordination and facilitating the design of the strategies for improving N-use efficiency in high-yield crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiuli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengyuan Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenqing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daojian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunzhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yali Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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21
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Valderrama-Martín JM, Ortigosa F, Aledo JC, Ávila C, Cánovas FM, Cañas RA. Pine has two glutamine synthetase paralogs, GS1b.1 and GS1b.2, exhibiting distinct biochemical properties. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1330-1347. [PMID: 36658761 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) is mainly responsible for the incorporation of inorganic nitrogen into organic molecules in plants. In the present work, a pine (Pinus pinaster) GS1 (PpGS1b.2) gene was identified, showing a high sequence identity with the GS1b.1 gene previously characterized in conifers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the presence of PpGS1b.2 is restricted to the genera Pinus and Picea and is not found in other conifers. Gene expression data suggest a putative role of PpGS1b.2 in plant development, similar to other GS1b genes from angiosperms, suggesting evolutionary convergence. The characterization of GS1b.1 and GS1b.2 at the structural, physicochemical, and kinetic levels has shown differences even though they have high sequence homology. GS1b.2 had a lower optimum pH (6 vs. 6.5) and was less thermally stable than GS1b.1. GS1b.2 exhibited positive cooperativity for glutamate and substrate inhibition for ammonium. However, GS1b.1 exhibited substrate inhibition behavior for glutamate and ATP. Alterations in the kinetic characteristics produced by site-directed mutagenesis carried out in this work strongly suggest an implication of amino acids at positions 264 and 267 in the active center of pine GS1b.1 and GS1b.2 being involved in affinity toward ammonium. Therefore, the amino acid differences between GS1b.1 and GS1b.2 would support the functioning of both enzymes to meet distinct plant needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Valderrama-Martín
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
- Integrative Molecular Biology Lab, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortigosa
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Aledo
- Integrative Molecular Biology Lab, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Concepción Ávila
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco M Cánovas
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael A Cañas
- Integrative Molecular Biology Lab, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
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Pascual L, Solé-Medina A, Faci I, Giraldo P, Ruiz M, Benavente E. Development and marker-trait relationships of functional markers for glutamine synthetase GS1 and GS2 homoeogenes in bread wheat. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:8. [PMID: 37309364 PMCID: PMC10248667 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
GS1 and GS2 genes encode, respectively, the main cytosolic and the plastidic isoforms of glutamine synthetase (GS). In the present study, the wheat GS1 and GS2 homoeogenes located in the A, B and D genome chromosomes have been sequenced in a group of 15 bread wheat varieties including landraces, old commercial varieties and modern cultivars. Phenotypic characterization by multi-environment field trials detected significant effects of specific GS homoeogenes on three of the seven agronomic and grain quality traits analyzed. Based on the gene sequence polymorphisms found, biallelic molecular markers that could facilitate marker-assisted breeding were developed for genes GS1A, GS2A and GS2D. The remaining genes encoding main wheat GS were excluded because of being monomorphic (GS1D) or too polymorphic (GS1B and GS2B) in the sequencing panel varieties. A collection of 187 Spanish bread wheat landraces was genotyped for these gene-based molecular markers. Data analyses conducted with phenotypic records reported for this germplasm collection in López-Fernández et al. (Plants-Basel 10: 620, 2021) have revealed the beneficial influence of some individual alleles on thousand-kernel weight (TKW), kernels per spike (KS) and grain protein content. Furthermore, genetic interactions between GS1A, a cytosolic GS isoform coding gene, and GS2A or GS2D, plastidic GS enzyme coding genes, were found to affect TKW and KS. The finding that some alleles at one locus may mask the effect of positive alleles at hypostatic GS loci should be kept in mind if gene pyramiding strategies are attempted for the improvement of N-use efficiency-related traits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01354-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pascual
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Solé-Medina
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Forest Ecology & Genetics, Forest Research Centre (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Faci
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Patricia Giraldo
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Autovía A2, Km. 36.2, Finca La Canaleja, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28805 Spain
| | - Elena Benavente
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Kasemsap P, Bloom AJ. Breeding for Higher Yields of Wheat and Rice through Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:85. [PMID: 36616214 PMCID: PMC9823454 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat and rice produce nutritious grains that provide 32% of the protein in the human diet globally. Here, we examine how genetic modifications to improve assimilation of the inorganic nitrogen forms ammonium and nitrate into protein influence grain yield of these crops. Successful breeding for modified nitrogen metabolism has focused on genes that coordinate nitrogen and carbon metabolism, including those that regulate tillering, heading date, and ammonium assimilation. Gaps in our current understanding include (1) species differences among candidate genes in nitrogen metabolism pathways, (2) the extent to which relative abundance of these nitrogen forms across natural soil environments shape crop responses, and (3) natural variation and genetic architecture of nitrogen-mediated yield improvement. Despite extensive research on the genetics of nitrogen metabolism since the rise of synthetic fertilizers, only a few projects targeting nitrogen pathways have resulted in development of cultivars with higher yields. To continue improving grain yield and quality, breeding strategies need to focus concurrently on both carbon and nitrogen assimilation and consider manipulating genes with smaller effects or that underlie regulatory networks as well as genes directly associated with nitrogen metabolism.
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24
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Shi H, Chen M, Gao L, Wang Y, Bai Y, Yan H, Xu C, Zhou Y, Xu Z, Chen J, Tang W, Wang S, Shi Y, Wu Y, Sun D, Jia J, Ma Y. Genome-wide association study of agronomic traits related to nitrogen use efficiency in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4289-4302. [PMID: 36136127 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
GWAS identified 347 QTLs associated with eight traits related to nitrogen use efficiency in a 389-count wheat panel. Four novel candidate transcription factor genes were verified using qRT-PCR. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants that determines crop yield. Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) should considerably increase wheat yield and reduce the use of nitrogen fertilisers. However, knowledge on the genetic basis of NUE during wheat maturity is limited. In this study, a diversity panel incorporating 389 wheat accessions was phenotyped for eight NUE-related agronomic traits across five different environments. A total of 347 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for low nitrogen tolerance indices (ratio of agronomic characters under low and high nitrogen conditions) were identified through a genome-wide association study utilising 397,384 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MLM (Q + K) model, including 11 stable QTLs. Furthermore, 69 candidate genes were predicted for low nitrogen tolerance indices of best linear unbiased predictions values of the eight studied agronomic traits, and four novel candidate transcription factors (TraesCS5A02G237500 for qFsnR5A.2, TraesCS5B02G384500 and TraesCS5B02G384600 for qSLR5B.1, and TraesCS3B02G068800 for qTKWR3B.1) showed differing expression patterns in contrasting low-nitrogen-tolerant wheat genotypes. Moreover, the number of favourable marker alleles calculated using NUE that were significantly related to SNP in accessions decreased over the decades, indicating a decline in the NUE of the 389 wheat varieties. These findings denote promising NUE markers that could be useful in breeding high-NUE wheat varieties, and the candidate genes could further detail the NUE-related regulation network in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lifeng Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Research Center of Wheat Engineering Technology of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050041, Hebei, China
| | - Yanming Bai
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huishu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chengjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongbin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhaoshi Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wensi Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Yugang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Daizhen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China.
| | - Jizeng Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Youzhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Li Y, Yu H, Liu L, Liu Y, Huang L, Tan H. Transcriptomic and physiological analyses unravel the effect and mechanism of halosulfuron-methyl on the symbiosis between rhizobium and soybean. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114248. [PMID: 36332406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Halosulfuron-methyl (HSM) is a new and highly effective sulfonylurea herbicide widely used in weed control, but its residue in the environment poses a potential risk to soybean. Soybean-rhizobium symbiotic nitrogen fixation is crucial for sustainable agricultural development and ecological environment health. However, the impact of HSM on the symbiosis between soybean and rhizobium is unclear. In this study, the effects of HSM on the soybean-rhizobium symbiotic process and nitrogen fixation were investigated by means of transcriptomic and physiological analyses. Treatment with a concentration of HSM less than 0.5 mg L-1 had no effect on rhizobium growth, but significantly reduced nodules number, the biomass of soybean nodules, and nitrogenase activity in root nodules (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in NH4+ assimilation were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). In addition, the activities of NH4+ assimilation enzymes were markedly reduced. This result was further confirmed by the accumulation of NH4+ in root nodules, indicating that the inhibition of nitrogen fixation by HSM may be caused by excessive NH4+ accumulation in root nodules. Furthermore, DEGs involved in flavonoid synthesis, phytohormone biosynthesis, and phytohormone signaling transduction were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05), which was consistent with the decrease in flavonoid and phytohormone contents determined in this study. These results suggested that HSM may inhibit soybean nodulation by inhibiting flavonoid synthesis in soybean roots, disrupting the balance of plant endogenous hormones in roots during symbiosis, and blocking the transmission of hormone signals during the symbiosis. Our findings provide new insights into the effects of HSM on the legume-rhizobium nodule symbiotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro, Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro, Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Li Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro, Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro, Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Lulu Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro, Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Huihua Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro, Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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Li D, Liu J, Guo H, Zong J, Li J, Wang J, Li L, Chen J. Effects of low nitrogen supply on nitrogen uptake, assimilation and remobilization in wild bermudagrass. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 191:34-41. [PMID: 36179517 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The natural mechanism of underlying the low nitrogen (N) tolerance of wild bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) germplasm was important for reducing N fertilizer input to turf while also maintaining acceptable turf quality. The growth, N uptake, assimilation and remobilization of two wild bermudagrass accessions (C291, low N tolerant and C716, low N sensitive) were determined under low N (0.5 mM) and control N (5 mM) levels. C291 exhibited lower reduction in shoot and plant dry weight than C716. Furthermore, C291 presented a lower decrease in 15NO3- influx compared with C716, maintained its root dry weight and root surface and showed obviously enhanced CyNRT2.2 and CyNRT2.3 expression resulting in higher shoot NO3--N content than the control. Moreover, in C291, nitrate reductase (NR) activity had no significant difference with control, and cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) protein content, glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) activity and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity higher than control, result in the soluble protein and free amino acid contents in the shoots did not differ compared with that in the control under low N conditions. Overall, the low N tolerant wild bermudagrass accessions adopted a low N supply based on improved root N uptake ability to achieve more nitrate to kept shoot N assimilation, and meanwhile increased N remobilization in the shoots, thereby maintaining a better N status in bermudagrass. The findings may help elucidate the low N tolerance mechanisms in bermudagrass and therefore facilitate genetic improvement of N use efficiency aiming to promote low-input turfgrass management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailin Guo
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junqin Zong
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjian Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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Over-Expression of Phosphoserine Aminotransferase-Encoding Gene ( AtPSAT1) Prompts Starch Accumulation in L. turionifera under Nitrogen Starvation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911563. [PMID: 36232863 PMCID: PMC9570139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the phosphorylation pathway of L-serine (Ser) biosynthesis (PPSB) is very important in plant growth and development, but whether and how PPSB affects nitrogen metabolism and starch accumulation has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we took the energy plant duckweed (strain Lemna turionifera 5511) as the research object and used a stable genetic transformation system to heterologously over-expressing Arabidopsis AtPSAT1 (the gene encoding phosphoserine aminotransferase, the second enzyme of PPSB). Our results showed that, under nitrogen starvation, the transgenic plants grew faster, with higher values of Fv/Fm, rETR, and Y(II), as well as fresh and dry weight, than the wild-type. More promisingly, the accumulation of starch was also found to be significantly improved when over-expressing AtPSAT1 in the transgenic plants. qRT-PCR analysis results showed that the expression of genes related to nitrogen assimilation, carbon metabolism, and starch biosynthesis was up-regulated, while the expression of starch degradation-related genes was down-regulated by AtPSAT1 over-expression. We propose that the increased starch accumulation caused by AtPSAT1 over-expression may result from both elevated photosynthetic capacity and nitrogen utilization efficiency. This research sheds new light on the mechanism underlying the ability of PPSB to coordinate nitrogen and carbon metabolism, and provides a feasible way to improve starch production, that is, through engineering PPSB in crops.
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Rui W, Mao Z, Li Z. The Roles of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Nutrient Transporters in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911027. [PMID: 36232323 PMCID: PMC9570102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 80% of land plant species can form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and nutrient transfer to plants is largely mediated through this partnership. Over the last few years, great progress has been made in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the AM-mediated modulation of nutrient uptake progress, and a growing number of fungal and plant genes responsible for the uptake of nutrients from soil or transfer across the fungal–root interface have been identified. In this review, we outline the current concepts of nutrient exchanges within this symbiosis (mechanisms and regulation) and focus on P and N transfer from the fungal partner to the host plant, with a highlight on a possible interplay between P and N nutrient exchanges. Transporters belonging to the plant or AM fungi can synergistically process the transmembrane transport of soil nutrients to the symbiotic interface for further plant acquisition. Although much progress has been made to elucidate the complex mechanism for the integrated roles of nutrient transfers in AM symbiosis, questions still remain to be answered; for example, P and N transporters are less studied in different species of AM fungi; the involvement of AM fungi in plant N uptake is not as clearly defined as that of P; coordinated utilization of N and P is unknown; transporters of cultivated plants inoculated with AM fungi and transcriptomic and metabolomic networks at both the soil–fungi interface and fungi–plant interface have been insufficiently studied. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AM fungi in agriculture.
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Yin H, Sun Q, Lu X, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Gong C, He X, Ma W, Mu P. Identification of the glutamine synthetase (GS) gene family in four wheat species and functional analysis of Ta4D.GSe in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:93-106. [PMID: 35716232 PMCID: PMC9468116 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress can negatively impact crop yield and quality. Improving wheat yields under drought stress is a major objective of agronomic research. Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a key enzyme of nitrogen metabolism that is critical to plant growth and development in abiotic stress response. However, to date, no systemic characterization of the GS genes has yet been conducted in wheat and its close relatives. We identified a total of 15 GS genes in Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD), as well as 9 GS genes in Triticum dicoccoides (2n = 4x = 28; AABB), 6 in Aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14; DD), and 5 in Triticum urartu (2n = 2x = 14; AA). The 35 GSs were further clustered into five lineages according to the phylogenetic tree. Synteny analysis revealed that the three subgenomes in bread wheat retained extensive synteny between bread wheat and its three relative species. We identified three up-regulated TaGSs (Ta4A.GSe, Ta4B.GSe, and Ta4D.GSe) from transcriptome data after drought and salt stress. Ta4D.GSe was subsequently used for further functional studies, and its subcellular localization were determined in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Its overexpression in Arabidopsis enhanced drought tolerance by increasing the ability of scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osmotic adjustment. We identified GS gene family in four wheat species and performed comparative analyses of their relationships, chromosome locations, conserved motif, gene structure, and synteny. The subcellular localization of Ta4D.GSe was detected and its drought tolerance function was demonstrated. Taken together, these findings provide insight into the potential functional roles of the GS genes in abiotic stress tolerance. KEY MESSAGE: This report clearly shows detailed characterization of GS gene family in four wheat species and demonstrates that Ta4D.GSe plays an important role in enhancing drought tolerance by improving the scavenging of ROS and osmotic adjustment ability in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Yin
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lufei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cuiling Gong
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ping Mu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Moreira E, Coimbra S, Melo P. Glutamine synthetase: an unlikely case of functional redundancy in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:713-720. [PMID: 35246892 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) is an essential enzyme in plant metabolism, catalysing the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen into the amino acid glutamine. GS is a key enzyme in plant growth and has received special attention due to its recognized roles in plant nitrogen use efficiency and crop productivity. It occurs in plants as a collection of isoenzymes, located in the cytosol (GS1) and plastids (GS2), consistent with the multiplicity of roles played in plant metabolism. It is considered that the different isoenzymes, involved in a wide variety of physiological processes throughout the plant life cycle, perform non-redundant and non-overlapping roles. In fact, specific and non-redundant roles of GS isoenzymes in nitrogen metabolism were observed in species like Oryza sativa and Zea mays. However, in A. thaliana the GS isoenzymes, five cytosolic and one plastidic, are suggested to have functional redundancy and an isoenzyme compensation mechanism, specific to this species, was described. This review integrates analyses on the likely roles of the distinct cytosol- and plastid-located GS isoenzymes in A. thaliana, highlighting the redundancy of the GS gene family specifically occurring in this model plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Moreira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto - Research Centre on Sustainable Agrifood Production & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Coimbra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Melo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto - Research Centre on Sustainable Agrifood Production & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Yang F, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Islam S, Yang W, Ma W. Wheat glutamine synthetase TaGSr-4B is a candidate gene for a QTL of thousand grain weight on chromosome 4B. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2369-2384. [PMID: 35588016 PMCID: PMC9271121 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase TaGSr-4B is a candidate gene for a QTL of thousand grain weight on 4B, and the gene marker is ready for wheat breeding. A QTL for thousand grain weight (TGW) in wheat was previously mapped on chromosome 4B in a DH population of Westonia × Kauz. For identifying the candidate genes of the QTL, wheat 90 K SNP array was used to saturate the existing linkage map, and four field trials plus one glasshouse experiment over five locations were conducted to refine the QTL. Three nitrogen levels were applied to two of those field trials, resulting in a TGW phenotype data set from nine environments. A robust TGW QTL cluster including 773 genes was detected in six environments with the highest LOD value of 13.4. Based on differentiate gene expression within the QTL cluster in an RNAseq data of Westonia and Kauz during grain filling, a glutamine synthesis gene (GS: TaGSr-4B) was selected as a potential candidate gene for the QTL. A SNP on the promoter region between Westonia and Kauz was used to develop a cleaved amplified polymorphic marker for TaGSr-4B gene mapping and QTL reanalysing. As results, TGW QTL appeared in seven environments, and in four out of seven environments, the TGW QTL were localized on the TaGSr-4B locus and showed significant contributions to the phenotype. Based on the marker, two allele groups of Westonia and Kauz formed showed significant differences on TGW in eight environments. In agreement with the roles of GS genes on nitrogen and carbon remobilizations, TaGSr-4B is likely the candidate gene of the TGW QTL on 4B and the TaGSr-4B gene marker is ready for wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Australian-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4 Shizishan Road, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jingjuan Zhang
- Australian-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Australian-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qier Liu
- Australian-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Australian-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Wuyun Yang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4 Shizishan Road, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- Australian-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Zhou T, Wu P, Yue C, Huang J, Zhang Z, Hua Y. Transcriptomic Dissection of Allotetraploid Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in Responses to Nitrate and Ammonium Regimes and Functional Analysis of BnaA2.Gln1;4 in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:755-769. [PMID: 35325216 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots acquire nitrogen predominantly as two inorganic forms, nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+), to which plants respond differentially. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil-crop species with very low nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE), the regulatory mechanism of which was elusive due to the vastness and complexity of the rapeseed genome. In this study, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed to investigate the differential signatures of nitrogen-starved rapeseed in responses to NO3- and NH4+ treatments and to identify the key genes regulating rapeseed NUE. The two nitrogen sources differentially affected the shoot and root transcriptome profiles, including those of genome-wide nitrogen transporter and transcription factor (TF)-related genes. Differential expression profiling showed that BnaA6.NRT2;1 and BnaA7.AMT1;3 might be the core transporters responsible for efficient NO3- and NH4+ uptake, respectively; the TF genes responsive to inorganic nitrogen, specifically responding to NO3-, and specifically responsive to NH4+ were also identified. The genes which were commonly and most significantly affected by both NO3- and NH4+ treatments were related to glutamine metabolism. Among the glutamine synthetase (GS) family genes, we found BnaA2.Gln1;4, significantly responsive to low-nitrogen conditions and showed higher transcription abundance and GS activity in the leaf veins, flower sepals, root cortex and stele, silique petiole and stem tissues. These characters were significantly different from those of AtGln1;4. The heterologous overexpression of BnaA2.Gln1;4 in Arabidopsis increased plant biomass, NUE, GS activity and total amino acid concentrations under both sufficient- and low-nitrogen conditions. Overall, this study provided novel information about the genes involved in the adaptation to different nitrogen regimes and identified some promising candidate genes for enhancing NUE in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Pengjia Wu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Caipeng Yue
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jinyong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 430128, PR China
| | - Yingpeng Hua
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
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Liu X, Tian Y, Chi W, Zhang H, Yu J, Chen G, Wu W, Jiang X, Wang S, Lin Z, Xuan W, Ye J, Wang B, Liu Y, Sun Z, Xu D, Wang C, Wan J. Alternative splicing of OsGS1;1 affects nitrogen-use efficiency, grain development, and amylose content in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1751-1762. [PMID: 35404523 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application is harmful to the environment and reduces the quality of cereal crops. Maintaining crop yields under low nitrogen (LN) conditions and improving quality are important goals for cereal crop breeding. Although the effects of nitrogen assimilation on crop nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) have been intensively studied, natural variations of the key assimilation genes underlying grain development and quality are largely unclear. Here, we identified an NUE-associated gene, OsGS1;1, encoding glutamine synthase, through genome-wide association analysis, followed by validation experiments and functional analysis. Fifteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the OsGS1;1 region led to alternative splicing that generated two functional transcripts: OsGS1;1a and OsGS1;1b. The elite haplotype of OsGS1;1 showed high OsGS1;1b activity, which improved NUE, affected grain development, and reduced amylose content. The results show that OsGS1;1, which is induced under LN conditions, affects grain formation by regulating sugar metabolism and may provide a new avenue for the breeding of high-yield and high-quality rice (Oryza sativa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Centre, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunlu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenchao Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hanzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Gaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xingzhou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhixi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Baoxiang Wang
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, 222000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, 222000, China
| | - Zhiguang Sun
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, 222000, China
| | - Dayong Xu
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, 222000, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Centre, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Marino D, Cañas RA, Betti M. Is plastidic glutamine synthetase essential for C 3 plants? A tale of photorespiratory mutants, ammonium tolerance and conifers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1559-1565. [PMID: 35279841 PMCID: PMC9314894 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture faces the considerable challenge of having to adapt to a progressively changing climate (including the increase in CO2 levels and temperatures); environmental impact must be reduced while at the same time crop yields need to be maintained or increased to ensure food security. Under this scenario, increasing plants' nitrogen (N) use efficiency and minimizing the energy losses associated with photorespiration are two goals of crop breeding that are long sought after. The plastidic glutamine synthetase (GS2) enzyme stands at the crossroads of N assimilation and photorespiration, and is therefore a key candidate for the improvement of crop performance. The GS2 enzyme has long been considered essential for angiosperm survival under photorespiratory conditions. Surprisingly, in Arabidopsis GS2 is not essential for plant survival, and its absence confers tolerance towards ammonium stress, which is in conflict with the idea that NH4+ accumulation is one of the main causes of ammonium stress. Altogether, it appears that the 'textbook' view of this enzyme must be revisited, especially regarding the degree to which it is essential for plant growth under photorespiratory conditions, and the role of NH4+ assimilation during ammonium stress. In this article we open the debate on whether more or less GS2 is a desirable trait for plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)E‐48940LeioaSpain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for ScienceE‐48011BilbaoSpain
| | - Rafael A. Cañas
- Integrative Molecular Biology LabUniversidad de MálagaCampus Universitario de Teatinos29071MálagaSpain
| | - Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad de Sevilla41012SevillaSpain
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Liu Q, Wu K, Song W, Zhong N, Wu Y, Fu X. Improving Crop Nitrogen Use Efficiency Toward Sustainable Green Revolution. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:523-551. [PMID: 35595292 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070121-015752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Green Revolution of the 1960s improved crop yields in part through the widespread cultivation of semidwarf plant varieties, which resist lodging but require a high-nitrogen (N) fertilizer input. Because environmentally degrading synthetic fertilizer use underlies current worldwide cereal yields, future agricultural sustainability demands enhanced N use efficiency (NUE). Here, we summarize the current understanding of how plants sense, uptake, and respond to N availability in the model plants that can be used to improve sustainable productivity in agriculture. Recent progress in unlocking the genetic basis of NUE within the broader context of plant systems biology has provided insights into the coordination of plant growth and nutrient assimilation and inspired the implementation of a new breeding strategy to cut fertilizer use in high-yield cereal crops. We conclude that identifying fresh targets for N sensing and response in crops would simultaneously enable improved grain productivity and NUE to launch a new Green Revolution and promote future food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Kun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Wenzhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Nan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Yunzhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Oszvald M, Hassall KL, Hughes D, Torres-Ballesteros A, Clark I, Riche AB, Heuer S. Genetic Diversity in Nitrogen Fertiliser Responses and N Gas Emission in Modern Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:816475. [PMID: 35646002 PMCID: PMC9137425 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.816475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Crops assimilate nitrogen (N) as ammonium via the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) pathway which is of central importance for N uptake and potentially represents a bottle neck for N fertiliser-use efficiency. The aim of this study was to assess whether genetic diversity for N-assimilation capacity exists in wheat and could be exploited for breeding. Wheat plants rapidly, within 6 h, responded to N application with an increase in GS activity. This was not accompanied by an increase in GS gene transcript abundance and a comparison of GS1 and GS2 protein models revealed a high degree of sequence conservation. N responsiveness amongst ten wheat varieties was assessed by measuring GS enzyme activity, leaf tissue ammonium, and by a leaf-disc assay as a proxy for apoplastic ammonia. Based on these data, a high-GS group showing an overall positive response to N could be distinguished from an inefficient, low-GS group. Subsequent gas emission measurements confirmed plant ammonia emission in response to N application and also revealed emission of N2O when N was provided as nitrate, which is in agreement with our current understanding that N2O is a by-product of nitrate reduction. Taken together, the data suggest that there is scope for improving N assimilation capacity in wheat and that further investigations into the regulation and role of GS-GOGAT in NH3 emission is justified. Likewise, emission of the climate gas N2O needs to be reduced, and future research should focus on assessing the nitrate reductase pathway in wheat and explore fertiliser management options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oszvald
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty L. Hassall
- Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - David Hughes
- Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Clark
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B. Riche
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Sigrid Heuer
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
- Department of Crop Improvement and Resilience, NIAB, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Liao HS, Chung YH, Hsieh MH. Glutamate: A multifunctional amino acid in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 318:111238. [PMID: 35351313 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is a versatile metabolite and a signaling molecule in plants. Glu biosynthesis is associated with the primary nitrogen assimilation pathway. The conversion between Glu and 2-oxoglutarate connects Glu metabolism to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, carbon metabolism, and energy production. Glu is the predominant amino donor for transamination reactions in the cell. In addition to protein synthesis, Glu is a building block for tetrapyrroles, glutathione, and folate. Glu is the precursor of γ-aminobutyric acid that plays an important role in balancing carbon/nitrogen metabolism and various cellular processes. Glu can conjugate to the major auxin indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), and IAA-Glu is destined for oxidative degradation. Glu also conjugates with isochorismate for the production of salicylic acid. Accumulating evidence indicates that Glu functions as a signaling molecule to regulate plant growth, development, and defense responses. The ligand-gated Glu receptor-like proteins (GLRs) mediate some of these responses. However, many of the Glu signaling events are GLR-independent. The receptor perceiving extracellular Glu as a danger signal is still unknown. In addition to GLRs, Glu may act on receptor-like kinases or receptor-like proteins to trigger immune responses. Glu metabolism and Glu signaling may entwine to regulate growth, development, and defense responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
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Valderrama‐Martín JM, Ortigosa F, Ávila C, Cánovas FM, Hirel B, Cantón FR, Cañas RA. A revised view on the evolution of glutamine synthetase isoenzymes in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:946-960. [PMID: 35199893 PMCID: PMC9310647 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a key enzyme responsible for the incorporation of inorganic nitrogen in the form of ammonium into the amino acid glutamine. In plants, two groups of functional GS enzymes are found: eubacterial GSIIb (GLN2) and eukaryotic GSIIe (GLN1/GS). Only GLN1/GS genes are found in vascular plants, which suggests that they are involved in the final adaptation of plants to terrestrial life. The present phylogenetic study reclassifies the different GS genes of seed plants into three clusters: GS1a, GS1b and GS2. The presence of genes encoding GS2 has been expanded to Cycadopsida gymnosperms, which suggests the origin of this gene in a common ancestor of Cycadopsida, Ginkgoopsida and angiosperms. GS1a genes have been identified in all gymnosperms, basal angiosperms and some Magnoliidae species. Previous studies in conifers and the gene expression profiles obtained in ginkgo and magnolia in the present work could explain the absence of GS1a in more recent angiosperm species (e.g. monocots and eudicots) as a result of the redundant roles of GS1a and GS2 in photosynthetic cells. Altogether, the results provide a better understanding of the evolution of plant GS isoenzymes and their physiological roles, which is valuable for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency and productivity. This new view of GS evolution in plants, including a new cytosolic GS group (GS1a), has important functional implications in the context of plant metabolism adaptation to global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Valderrama‐Martín
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y BioquímicaUniversidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos29071MálagaSpain
- Integrative Molecular Biology LabUniversidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos29071MálagaSpain
| | - Francisco Ortigosa
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y BioquímicaUniversidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos29071MálagaSpain
| | - Concepción Ávila
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y BioquímicaUniversidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos29071MálagaSpain
| | - Francisco M. Cánovas
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y BioquímicaUniversidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos29071MálagaSpain
| | - Bertrand Hirel
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Versailles‐GrignonRD 1078026Versailles CedexFrance
| | - Francisco R. Cantón
- Integrative Molecular Biology LabUniversidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos29071MálagaSpain
| | - Rafael A. Cañas
- Integrative Molecular Biology LabUniversidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos29071MálagaSpain
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Liang Q, Dong M, Gu M, Zhang P, Ma Q, He B. MeNPF4.5 Improves Cassava Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield by Regulating Nitrogen Uptake and Allocation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866855. [PMID: 35548292 PMCID: PMC9083203 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a very important goal of crop breeding throughout the world. Cassava is an important food and energy crop in tropical and subtropical regions, and it mainly use nitrate as an N source. To evaluate the effect of the nitrate transporter gene MeNPF4.5 on the uptake and utilization of N in cassava, two MeNPF4.5 overexpression lines (MeNPF4.5 OE-22 and MeNPF4.5 OE-34) and one MeNPF4.5 RNA interference (RNAi) line (MeNPF4.5 Ri-1) were used for a tissue culture experiment, combining with a field trial. The results indicated that MeNPF4.5 is a plasma membrane transporter mainly expressed in roots. The gene is induced by NO3 -. Compared with the wild type, MeNPF4.5 OE-22 exhibited improved growth, yield, and NUE under both low N and normal N levels, especially in the normal N treatment. However, the growth and N uptake of RNAi plants were significantly reduced, indicating poor N uptake and utilization capacity. In addition, photosynthesis and the activities of N metabolism-related enzymes (glutamine synthetase, glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase) of leaves in overexpression lines were significantly higher than those in wild type. Interestingly, the RNAi line increased enzymatic activity but decreased photosynthesis. IAA content of roots in overexpressed lines were lower than that in wild type under low N level, but higher than that of wild type under normal N level. The RNAi line increased IAA content of roots under both N levels. The IAA content of leaves in the overexpression lines was significantly higher than that of the wild type, but showed negative effects on that of the RNAi lines. Thus, our results demonstrated that the MeNPF4.5 nitrate transporter is involved in regulating the uptake and utilization of N in cassava, which leads to the increase of N metabolizing enzyme activity and photosynthesis, along with the change of endogenous hormones, thereby improving the NUE and yield of cassava. These findings shed light that MeNPF4.5 is involved in N use efficiency use in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyue Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mengmeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Minghua Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuxiang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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40
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Huang XJ, Jian SF, Chen DL, Zhong C, Miao JH. Concentration-dependent dual effects of exogenous sucrose on nitrogen metabolism in Andrographis paniculata. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4906. [PMID: 35318399 PMCID: PMC8940917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of exogenous sucrose (Suc) concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 mmol L−1) on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms were investigated in a medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata (Chuanxinlian). Suc application with the concentration of 0.5–5 mmol L−1 significantly promoted plant growth. In contrast, 10 mmol L−1 Suc retarded plant growth and increased contents of anthocyanin and MDA and activity of SOD in comparison to 0.5–5 mmol L−1 Suc. Suc application increased contents of leaf soluble sugar, reducing sugar and trerhalose, as well as isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activity, increasing supply of C-skeleton for N assimilation. However, total leaf N was peaked at 1 mmol L−1 Suc, which was consistent with root activity, suggesting that exogenous Suc enhanced root N uptake. At 10 mmol L−1 Suc, total leaf N and activities of glutamine synthase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) and glutamic–pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were strongly reduced but NH4+ concentration was significantly increased. The results revealed that exogenous Suc is an effective stimulant for A. paniculata plant growth. Low Suc concentration (e.g. 1 mmol L−1) increased supply of C-skeleton and promoted N uptake and assimilation in A. paniculata plant, whereas high Suc concentration (e.g. 10 mmol L−1) uncoupled C and N metabolisms, reduced N metabolism and induced plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jing Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shao-Fen Jian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Dong-Liang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Chu Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China. .,Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Miao
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China. .,Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
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41
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Singh P, Kumar K, Jha AK, Yadava P, Pal M, Rakshit S, Singh I. Global gene expression profiling under nitrogen stress identifies key genes involved in nitrogen stress adaptation in maize (Zea mays L.). Sci Rep 2022; 12:4211. [PMID: 35273237 PMCID: PMC8913646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is a heavy consumer of fertilizer nitrogen (N) which not only results in the high cost of cultivation but may also lead to environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a need to develop N-use efficient genotypes, a prerequisite for which is a greater understanding of N-deficiency stress adaptation. In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed using leaf and root tissues from contrasting inbred lines, viz., DMI 56 (tolerant to N stress) and DMI 81 (susceptible to N stress) to delineate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under low-N stress. The contrasting lines were grown hydroponically in modified Hoagland solution having either sufficient- or deficient-N, followed by high-throughput RNA-sequencing. A total of 8 sequencing libraries were prepared and 88–97% of the sequenced raw reads were mapped to the reference B73 maize genome. Genes with a p value ≤ 0.05 and fold change of ≥ 2.0 or ≤ − 2 were considered as DEGs in various combinations performed between susceptible and tolerant genotypes. DEGs were further classified into different functional categories and pathways according to their putative functions. Gene Ontology based annotation of these DEGs identified three different functional categories: biological processes, molecular function, and cellular component. The KEGG and Mapman based analysis revealed that most of the DEGs fall into various metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, signal transduction, amino acid metabolism, N-assimilation and metabolism, and starch metabolism. Some of the key genes involved in N uptake (high-affinity nitrate transporter 2.2 and 2.5), N assimilation and metabolism (glutamine synthetase, asparagine synthetase), redox homeostasis (SOD, POX), and transcription factors (MYB36, AP2-EREBP) were found to be highly expressed in the tolerant genotype compared to susceptible one. The candidate genes identified in the present study might be playing a pivotal role in low-N stress adaptation in maize and hence could be useful in augmenting further research on N metabolism and development of N-deficiency tolerant maize cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.,Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.,Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Jha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pranjal Yadava
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Madan Pal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sujay Rakshit
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Mauceri A, Aci MM, Toppino L, Panda S, Meir S, Mercati F, Araniti F, Lupini A, Panuccio MR, Rotino GL, Aharoni A, Abenavoli MR, Sunseri F. Uncovering Pathways Highly Correlated to NUE through a Combined Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Approach in Eggplant. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050700. [PMID: 35270170 PMCID: PMC8912549 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilization is one of the main inputs to increase crop yield and food production. However, crops utilize only 30–40% of N applied; the remainder is leached into the soil, causing environmental and health damage. In this scenario, the improvement of nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) will be an essential strategy for sustainable agriculture. Here, we compared two pairs of NUE-contrasting eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes, employing GC-MS and UPLC-qTOF-MS-based technologies to determine the differential profiles of primary and secondary metabolites in root and shoot tissues, under N starvation as well as at short- and long-term N-limiting resupply. Firstly, differences in the primary metabolism pathways of shoots related to alanine, aspartate and glutamate; starch, sucrose and glycine; serine and threonine; and in secondary metabolites biosynthesis were detected. An integrated analysis between differentially accumulated metabolites and expressed transcripts highlighted a key role of glycine accumulation and the related glyA transcript in the N-use-efficient genotypes to cope with N-limiting stress. Interestingly, a correlation between both sucrose synthase (SUS)- and fructokinase (scrK)-transcript abundances, as well as D-glucose and D-fructose accumulation, appeared useful to distinguish the N-use-efficient genotypes. Furthermore, increased levels of L-aspartate and L-asparagine in the N-use-efficient genotypes at short-term low-N exposure were detected. Granule-bound starch synthase (WAXY) and endoglucanase (E3.2.1.4) downregulation at long-term N stress was observed. Therefore, genes and metabolites related to these pathways could be exploited to improve NUE in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mauceri
- Department Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (M.M.A.); (A.L.); (M.R.P.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Meriem Miyassa Aci
- Department Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (M.M.A.); (A.L.); (M.R.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Laura Toppino
- CREA—Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 26836 Montanaso Lombardo, Italy; (L.T.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.P.); (S.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.P.); (S.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Francesco Mercati
- Institute Bioscience and Bioresources—National Research Council CNR, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Territory, Agroenergy, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonio Lupini
- Department Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (M.M.A.); (A.L.); (M.R.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Panuccio
- Department Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (M.M.A.); (A.L.); (M.R.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino
- CREA—Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 26836 Montanaso Lombardo, Italy; (L.T.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.P.); (S.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Department Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (M.M.A.); (A.L.); (M.R.P.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Department Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (M.M.A.); (A.L.); (M.R.P.); (F.S.)
- Institute Bioscience and Bioresources—National Research Council CNR, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
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Fujita T, Beier MP, Tabuchi-Kobayashi M, Hayatsu Y, Nakamura H, Umetsu-Ohashi T, Sasaki K, Ishiyama K, Murozuka E, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Sawa Y, Miyao A, Hayakawa T, Yamaya T, Kojima S. Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetase GS1;3 Is Involved in Rice Grain Ripening and Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:835835. [PMID: 35211144 PMCID: PMC8861362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium is combined with glutamate to form glutamine. This reaction is catalyzed by glutamine synthetase (GS or GLN). Plants harbor several isoforms of cytosolic GS (GS1). Rice GS1;3 is highly expressed in seeds during grain filling and germination, suggesting a unique role in these processes. This study aimed to investigate the role of GS1;3 for rice growth and yield. Tos17 insertion lines for GS1;3 were isolated, and the nitrogen (N), amino acid, and ammonium contents of GS1;3 mutant grains were compared to wild-type grains. The spatiotemporal expression of GS1;3 and the growth and yield of rice plants were evaluated in hydroponic culture and the paddy field. Additionally, the stable isotope of N was used to trace the foliar N flux during grain filling. Results showed that the loss of GS1;3 retarded seed germination. Seeds of GS1;3 mutants accumulated glutamate but did not show a marked change in the level of phytohormones. The expression of GS1;3 was detected at the beginning of germination, with limited promoter activity in seeds. GS1;3 mutants showed a considerably decreased ripening ratio and decreased N efflux in the 12th leaf blade under N deficient conditions. The β-glucuronidase gene expression under control of the GS1;3 promoter was detected in the vascular tissue and aleurone cell layer of developing grains. These data suggest unique physiological roles of GS1;3 in the early stage of seed germination and grain filling under N deficient conditions in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marcel Pascal Beier
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculty of Science/Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshitaka Hayatsu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruka Nakamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Emiko Murozuka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Sawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akio Miyao
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaya
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division for Interdisciplinary Advanced Research and Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Xie K, Ren Y, Chen A, Yang C, Zheng Q, Chen J, Wang D, Li Y, Hu S, Xu G. Plant nitrogen nutrition: The roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 269:153591. [PMID: 34936969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is the most abundant mineral nutrient required by plants, and crop productivity depends heavily on N fertilization in many soils. Production and application of N fertilizers consume huge amounts of energy and substantially increase the costs of agricultural production. Excess N compounds released from agricultural systems are also detrimental to the environment. Thus, increasing plant N uptake efficiency is essential for the development of sustainable agriculture. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are beneficial symbionts of most terrestrial plants that facilitate plant nutrient uptake and increase host resistance to diverse environmental stresses. AM association is an endosymbiotic process that relies on the differentiation of both host plant roots and AM fungi to create novel contact interfaces within the cells of plant roots. AM plants have two pathways for nutrient uptake: either direct uptake via the root hairs and root epidermis, or indirectly through AM fungal hyphae into root cortical cells. Over the last few years, great progress has been made in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the AM-mediated modulation of nutrient uptake processes, and a growing number of fungal and plant genes responsible for the uptake of nutrients from soil or transfer across the fungi-root interface have been identified. Here, we mainly summarize the recent advances in N uptake, assimilation, and translocation in AM symbiosis, and also discuss how N interplays with C and P in modulating AM development, as well as the synergies between AM fungi and soil microbial communities in N uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Congfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Horticulture Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Ecological Environment and Soil Science, Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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45
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Nitrogen assimilation in plants: current status and future prospects. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:394-404. [PMID: 34973427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is the driving force for crop yields, however, excessive N application in agriculture not only increases production cost, but also causes severe environmental problems. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanisms of N use efficiency (NUE) and breeding crops with higher NUE is essential to tackle these problems. NUE of crops is determined by N uptake, transport, assimilation, and remobilization. In the process of N assimilation, nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT, also known as glutamate synthase) are the major enzymes. NR and NiR mediate the initiation of inorganic N utilization, and GS/GOGAT cycle converts inorganic N to organic N, playing a vital role in N assimilation and the final NUE of crops. Besides, asparagine synthetase (ASN), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPSase) are also involved. In this review, we summarize the function and regulation of these enzymes reported in three major crops, rice, maize, wheat, also in the model plant Arabidopsis, and we highlight their application in improving NUE of crops via manipulating N assimilation. Anticipated challenges and prospects toward fully understanding the function of N assimilation and further exploring the potential for NUE improvement are discussed.
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Zhou Y, Kishchenko O, Stepanenko A, Chen G, Wang W, Zhou J, Pan C, Borisjuk N. The Dynamics of NO3- and NH4+ Uptake in Duckweed Are Coordinated with the Expression of Major Nitrogen Assimilation Genes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:11. [PMID: 35009015 PMCID: PMC8747334 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Duckweed plants play important roles in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. They rapidly accumulate biomass and have potential uses in bioremediation of water polluted by fertilizer runoff or other chemicals. Here we studied the assimilation of two major sources of inorganic nitrogen, nitrate (NO3- ) and ammonium (NH4+), in six duckweed species: Spirodela polyrhiza, Landoltia punctata, Lemna aequinoctialis, Lemna turionifera, Lemna minor, and Wolffia globosa. All six duckweed species preferred NH4+ over NO3- and started using NO3- only when NH4+ was depleted. Using the available genome sequence, we analyzed the molecular structure and expression of eight key nitrogen assimilation genes in S. polyrhiza. The expression of genes encoding nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase increased about 10-fold when NO3- was supplied and decreased when NH4+ was supplied. NO3- and NH4+ induced the glutamine synthetase (GS) genes GS1;2 and the GS2 by 2- to 5-fold, respectively, but repressed GS1;1 and GS1;3. NH4+ and NO3- upregulated the genes encoding ferredoxin- and NADH-dependent glutamate synthases (Fd-GOGAT and NADH-GOGAT). A survey of nitrogen assimilation gene promoters suggested complex regulation, with major roles for NRE-like and GAATC/GATTC cis-elements, TATA-based enhancers, GA/CTn repeats, and G-quadruplex structures. These results will inform efforts to improve bioremediation and nitrogen use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, West Changjiang Road 111, Huai’an 223000, China; (Y.Z.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (G.C.); (W.W.); (J.Z.); (C.P.)
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Chen Y, Xu W, Yu S, Ni K, She G, Ye X, Xing Q, Zhao J, Huang C. Assembly status transition offers an avenue for activity modulation of a supramolecular enzyme. eLife 2021; 10:72535. [PMID: 34898426 PMCID: PMC8668187 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has evolved many supramolecular proteins assembled in certain, sometimes even seemingly oversophisticated, morphological manners. The rationale behind such evolutionary efforts is often poorly understood. Here, we provide atomic-resolution insights into how the dynamic building of a structurally complex enzyme with higher order symmetry offers amenability to intricate regulation. We have established the functional coupling between enzymatic activity and protein morphological states of glutamine synthetase (GS), an old multi-subunit enzyme essential for cellular nitrogen metabolism. Cryo-EM structure determination of GS in both the catalytically active and inactive assembly states allows us to reveal an unanticipated self-assembly-induced disorder-order transition paradigm, in which the remote interactions between two subcomplex entities significantly rigidify the otherwise structurally fluctuating active sites, thereby regulating activity. We further show in vivo evidences that how the enzyme morphology transitions could be modulated by cellular factors on demand. Collectively, our data present an example of how assembly status transition offers an avenue for activity modulation, and sharpens our mechanistic understanding of the complex functional and regulatory properties of supramolecular enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weiya Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shuwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Kang Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guangbiao She
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengdong Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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48
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Peterson MJ, Handakumbura PP, Thompson AM, Russell ZR, Kim YM, Fansler SJ, Smith ML, Toyoda JG, Chu RK, Stanfill BA, Fransen SC, Bailey VL, Jansson C, Hixson KK, Callister SJ. Deciphering the microbial and molecular responses of geographically diverse Setaria accessions grown in a nutrient-poor soil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259937. [PMID: 34879068 PMCID: PMC8654227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial and molecular characterization of the ectorhizosphere is an important step towards developing a more complete understanding of how the cultivation of biofuel crops can be undertaken in nutrient poor environments. The ectorhizosphere of Setaria is of particular interest because the plant component of this plant-microbe system is an important agricultural grain crop and a model for biofuel grasses. Importantly, Setaria lends itself to high throughput molecular studies. As such, we have identified important intra- and interspecific microbial and molecular differences in the ectorhizospheres of three geographically distant Setaria italica accessions and their wild ancestor S. viridis. All were grown in a nutrient-poor soil with and without nutrient addition. To assess the contrasting impact of nutrient deficiency observed for two S. italica accessions, we quantitatively evaluated differences in soil organic matter, microbial community, and metabolite profiles. Together, these measurements suggest that rhizosphere priming differs with Setaria accession, which comes from alterations in microbial community abundances, specifically Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria populations. When globally comparing the metabolomic response of Setaria to nutrient addition, plants produced distinctly different metabolic profiles in the leaves and roots. With nutrient addition, increases of nitrogen containing metabolites were significantly higher in plant leaves and roots along with significant increases in tyrosine derived alkaloids, serotonin, and synephrine. Glycerol was also found to be significantly increased in the leaves as well as the ectorhizosphere. These differences provide insight into how C4 grasses adapt to changing nutrient availability in soils or with contrasting fertilization schemas. Gained knowledge could then be utilized in plant enhancement and bioengineering efforts to produce plants with superior traits when grown in nutrient poor soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Peterson
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pubudu P. Handakumbura
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Allison M. Thompson
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Zachary R. Russell
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Fansler
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Montana L. Smith
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jason G. Toyoda
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rosey K. Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bryan A. Stanfill
- Applied Statistics and Computational Modeling, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Steven C. Fransen
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, Washington, United States of America
| | - Vanessa L. Bailey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christer Jansson
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kim K. Hixson
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJC); (KKH)
| | - Stephen J. Callister
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJC); (KKH)
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49
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Li W, Feng Z, Zhang C. Ammonium transporter PsAMT1.2 from Populus simonii functions in nitrogen uptake and salt resistance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2392-2408. [PMID: 34002233 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) is a primary nitrogen (N) source for many species, and NH4+ uptake is mediated by various transporters. However, the effects of NH4+ transporters on N uptake and metabolism under salt stress remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the expression characteristics and transport function of PsAMT1.2 in Populus simonii and its role in ammonium uptake and metabolism under salt stress. PsAMT1.2 was localized in the plasma membrane highly expressed in the roots. Heterologous functionality tests demonstrated that PsAMT1.2 mediates NH4+ permeation across the plasma membrane in yeast mutants, restoring growth. A short-term NH4+ uptake experiment showed that PsAMT1.2 is a high-affinity NH4+ transporter with a Km value of 80.603 μM for NH4+. Compared with the wild type (WT, Populus tremula × Populus alba INRA 717-IB4 genotype), PsAMT1.2-overexpressing transgenic poplar grew better, with higher increases in stem height and relative chlorophyll content under both control and salt-stress conditions. PsAMT1.2 overexpression significantly increased the total NH4+ concentration and total N of whole plants under salt stress. The glutamate synthase (GS), glutamine synthetase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities and the total amino acids largely increased in the roots of PsAMT1.2-overexpressing transgenic plants compared with the WT plants under control conditions, suggesting that PsAMT1.2 overexpression promotes NH4+ assimilation and metabolism in poplar roots. Consistent with the increased total amino acid content, GS1.3, GS2 and Fd-GOGAT expression was upregulated in the roots and leaves of the PsAMT1.2-overexpressing transgenic plants compared with the WT plants under salt stress. Collectively, PsAMT1.2 encodes a high-affinity NH4+ transporter crucial to NH4+ uptake and metabolism under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, 26 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zimao Feng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, 26 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
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50
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Wu D, Li Y, Cao Y, Hu R, Wu X, Zhang W, Tao W, Xu G, Wang X, Zhang Y. Increased glutamine synthetase by overexpression of TaGS1 improves grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:259-268. [PMID: 34814097 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has been a focal point for crop growth and yield throughout the world. Glutamine synthetase (GS), which plays a fundamental role in N metabolism, has been exploited to improve crop NUE. However, increased GS activity in rice by overexpressing its own GS genes hasn't shown superior plant productivity. Here, transgenic rice plants with increased GS activity by overexpressing TaGS1 were analyzed under field and culture conditions at two N rates. Transgenic expression of TaGS1 significantly increases GS activity in leaves, junctions and roots of rice plants relative to wide-type plants. When rice plants grown under consecutive field trials with N rates of 60 and 240 kg/ha, three transgenic lines have higher grain yield than wild-type plants, with increment of 15%-22% in T2 generation and with that of 28%-36% in T3 generation, respectively. And increased panicle numbers (effective tiller numbers) mainly contribute to the advantage of grain yield in transgenic plants. Analysis of N use-related traits shows that transgenic plants with enhanced GS activity promote root capacity to obtain N, N accumulation during growth stages and N remobilization to grains, ultimately conferring 31%-40% improvement of NUE relative to wild-type rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ripeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenqing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of life sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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