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Kujawski SA, Ru B, Afanador NL, Conway JH, Baumgartner R, Pawaskar M. Prediction of measles cases in US counties: A machine learning approach. Vaccine 2024:126289. [PMID: 39244426 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although measles was declared eliminated from the United States in 2000, the frequency of measles outbreaks has increased in recent years. The ability to predict the locations of future cases could aid efforts to prevent and contain measles in the United States. METHODS We estimated county-level measles risk using a machine learning model with 17 predictor variables, which was trained on 2014 and 2018 United States county-level measles case data and tested on data from 2019. We compared the predicted and actual locations of 2019 measles cases. RESULTS The model accurately predicted 95 % (specificity) of United States counties without measles cases and 72 % (sensitivity) of the United States counties that experienced ≥1 measles case in 2019, accounting for 94 % of all measles cases in 2019. Among the top 30 counties with the highest risk scores, the model accurately predicted 22 (73 %) counties with a measles case in 2019, corresponding to 72 % of all measles cases. CONCLUSIONS This machine learning model accurately predicted a majority of the United States counties at high risk for measles and could be used as a framework by state and national health agencies in their measles prevention and containment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boshu Ru
- Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ, USA
| | | | - James H Conway
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Muluneh MD, Abebe S, Ayele M, Mesfin N, Abrar M, Stulz V, Berhan M. Vaccination Coverage and Predictors of Vaccination among Children Aged 12-23 Months in the Pastoralist Communities of Ethiopia: A Mixed Methods Design. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1112. [PMID: 39200721 PMCID: PMC11355035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed vaccination coverage and its associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in pastoralist Ethiopia. It was conducted in three woredas of the Afar region using a community-based cross-sectional mixed methods design with quantitative and qualitative methods. A total of 413 mothers with children aged 12-23 months participated in the quantitative study via a simple random sampling technique. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with vaccination, and thematic analysis techniques were used for qualitative data. The percentage of patients who received full vaccination was 25%. Based on vaccination card observations, the dropout rate from Pentavalent-1 to Pentavalent-3 was found to be 2.9%. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between mothers and caretakers with formal education, those who owned mobile phones, had antenatal care (ANC) visits, and birthed at a health facility with full vaccination. The overall proportion of full immunization is lower than the target set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The findings suggest that programs and policy makers should prioritize improving the access and enrolment of women and caretakers, promoting mobile phone ownership, and encouraging ANC visits and the promotion of health facility deliveries, as these are associated with higher rates of immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluken Dessalegn Muluneh
- Amref Health Africa in Ethiopia, Bole Sub City, Woreda 03, P.O. Box 20855, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia; (S.A.); (M.A.); (N.M.); (M.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Sintayehu Abebe
- Amref Health Africa in Ethiopia, Bole Sub City, Woreda 03, P.O. Box 20855, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia; (S.A.); (M.A.); (N.M.); (M.A.); (M.B.)
- Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, Melbourne University, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Mihret Ayele
- Amref Health Africa in Ethiopia, Bole Sub City, Woreda 03, P.O. Box 20855, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia; (S.A.); (M.A.); (N.M.); (M.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Nuhamin Mesfin
- Amref Health Africa in Ethiopia, Bole Sub City, Woreda 03, P.O. Box 20855, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia; (S.A.); (M.A.); (N.M.); (M.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Mohammed Abrar
- Amref Health Africa in Ethiopia, Bole Sub City, Woreda 03, P.O. Box 20855, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia; (S.A.); (M.A.); (N.M.); (M.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Virginia Stulz
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia;
| | - Makida Berhan
- Amref Health Africa in Ethiopia, Bole Sub City, Woreda 03, P.O. Box 20855, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia; (S.A.); (M.A.); (N.M.); (M.A.); (M.B.)
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Tiwana MH, Smith J. Faith and vaccination: a scoping review of the relationships between religious beliefs and vaccine hesitancy. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1806. [PMID: 38971784 PMCID: PMC11227154 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout history, vaccines have proven effective in addressing and preventing widespread outbreaks, leading to a decrease in the spread and fatality rates of infectious diseases. In a time where vaccine hesitancy poses a significant challenge to public health, it is important to identify the intricate interplay of factors exemplified at the individual and societal levels which influence vaccination behaviours. Through this analysis, we aim to shed new light on the dynamics of vaccine hesitancy among religious groups, contributing to the broader effort to promote vaccine uptake, dispel misunderstandings, and encourage constructive dialogue with these groups. METHODS We used the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) using the 20-point checklist to guide this review. The inclusion criteria for our study were that the literature should be in English, concerned with vaccine hesitancy as the focus of study, study the impact religiosity or religious beliefs as either an outcome or control variable, concerning population levels, and be peer-reviewed. RESULTS We analysed 14 peer-reviewed articles that included components related to religiosity or religious beliefs and their impact on vaccine hesitancy published until September 2023. All the articles were published in approximately the last decade between 2012 and 2023, with only 4 of the articles published before 2020. Out of the 14 studies included in our review, twelve utilized quantitative methods, while the remaining two employed qualitative approaches. Among the studies included in our analysis, we found various approaches to categorizing religious belief and identity. In most studies when religion is uniformly regarded as the sole determinant of vaccine hesitancy, it consistently emerges as a significant factor in contributing to vaccine hesitancy. All studies in our review reported sociodemographic factors to some degree related to vaccine hesitancy within their sample populations. Our analysis underscored the need for nuanced approaches to addressing vaccine hesitancy among religious groups. CONCLUSION Vaccine hesitancy is a complex issue and driven by a myriad of individual and societal factors among which religious beliefs is commonly associated to be a driver of higher levels among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haaris Tiwana
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall, Room 11810, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Julia Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall, Room 11810, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Dawson-Hahn E, Green AE. Applying a Cultural Safety Framework to Understand Vaccination of Children in Immigrant Families. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023065190. [PMID: 38774988 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-065190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Elizabeth Green
- University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Burlington, Vermont
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Ejnar Hansen M, David Pickering S. The role of religion and COVID-19 vaccine uptake in England. Vaccine 2024; 42:3215-3219. [PMID: 38677793 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While many countries have successfully deployed COVID-19 vaccination programmes, there are disparities in their uptake. One factor influencing vaccine coverage is religion. Existing research has found a link between religious beliefs and vaccine hesitancy. This study looks at religion in England to examine its relationship with public health. METHODS This analysis used data from a survey of over 12,000 respondents in England, conducted through the YouGov Online Panel. Respondents were asked whether they identified with a religion, and if so which, and the number of COVID-19 vaccinations they had received. We employed logistic regressions to analyse the data, accounting for age, gender, education, generalised trust, trust in government, and political ideology. RESULTS We find that respondents who identify as part of the Church of England have had significantly more COVID-19 vaccinations. Conversely, adherents to the Pentecostal Evangelical and Islamic faiths have had significantly fewer COVID-19 vaccinations. These relationships hold even when adjusting for age, education, level of trust, and political affiliation. CONCLUSION This research indicates a potential influence of religious affiliation on vaccine uptake, highlighting the need for more carefully-tailored public health programmes. Recognizing the diverse associations of different religious affiliations on health behaviour is important for shaping future vaccination campaigns and policy interventions. Engaging with religious communities and leaders may be one method through which to deal with vaccine hesitancy and improve public health.
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O'Leary ST, Opel DJ, Cataldi JR, Hackell JM. Strategies for Improving Vaccine Communication and Uptake. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023065483. [PMID: 38404211 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-065483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have led to a significant decrease in rates of vaccine-preventable diseases and have made a significant impact on the health of children. However, some parents express concerns about vaccine safety and the necessity of vaccines. The concerns of parents range from hesitancy about some immunizations to refusal of all vaccines. This clinical report provides information about the scope and impact of the problem, the facts surrounding common vaccination concerns, and the latest evidence regarding effective communication techniques for the vaccine conversation. After reading this clinical report, readers can expect to: Understand concepts and underlying determinants of vaccine uptake and vaccine hesitancy.Understand the relationship between vaccine hesitancy and costs of preventable medical care.Recognize and address specific concerns (eg, vaccine safety) with caregivers when hesitancy is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T O'Leary
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Douglas J Opel
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics and Palliative Care, Seattle Children's Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jessica R Cataldi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jesse M Hackell
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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Hicken A, Jones P, Menon A, Rozek LS. Can endorsement by religious leaders move the needle on vaccine hesitancy? Vaccine 2024; 42:918-923. [PMID: 38242735 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Existing research, including work specific to COVID-19, suggests that endorsement by medical practitioners increases vaccine uptake. Yet, vaccine hesitancy persists despite health professionals continuing to widely endorse multiple vaccines to combat COVID-19 since late 2020. Could endorsement by other trusted leaders reduce vaccine hesitancy? Although some studies suggest that trust in religious leaders can influence individuals' health attitudes and behaviors, the evidence is mixed. Our study explores the potential added value of messaging by religious leaders across religious traditions - specifically, it asks whether their endorsement of the COVID-19 vaccine might increase vaccine uptake in an environment where health professionals are already endorsing vaccines. To investigate this question, we conducted an online survey experiment with 6,000 respondents across five countries with different dominant religions (Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam). Respondents were randomly assigned to either a control group that only included endorsement by medical practitioners or a treatment group that added either endorsement by religious leaders or, for comparative purposes, endorsement by political leaders. We found that endorsement by religious leaders reduced vaccine hesitancy only in one country. These findings corroborate existing research that medical practitioners are the best line of defense to combat vaccine hesitancy. They also suggest the limitations of endorsement by non-experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Hicken
- Department of Political Science, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, University of Michigan, Haven Hall, 505 South State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Pauline Jones
- Department of Political Science, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, University of Michigan, Haven Hall, 505 South State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Anil Menon
- Department of Political Science, University of California, Merced, 313-COB2, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Georgetown 360, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Alsuwaidi AR, Hammad HAAK, Elbarazi I, Sheek-Hussein M. Vaccine hesitancy within the Muslim community: Islamic faith and public health perspectives. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2190716. [PMID: 36914409 PMCID: PMC10038058 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2190716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is a growing public health concern that has fueled the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases in several Muslim-majority countries. Although multiple factors are associated with vaccine hesitancy, certain religious deliberations are significant in determining individuals' vaccine-related decisions and attitudes. In this review article, we summarize the literature on religious factors linked to vaccine hesitancy among Muslims, thoroughly discuss the Islamic law (sharia) viewpoint on vaccination and offer recommendations to address vaccine hesitancy in Muslim communities. Halal content/labeling and the influence of religious leaders were identified as major determinants of vaccination choices among Muslims. The core concepts of sharia, such as "preservation of life," "necessities permit prohibitions," and "empowering social responsibility for the greater public benefit" promote vaccination. Engaging religious leaders in immunization programs is crucial to enhance the uptake of vaccines among Muslims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | | | - Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mohamud Sheek-Hussein
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Sirithammaphan U, Chaisang U, Pongrattanamarn K. Barriers to measles mumps rubella vaccine acceptance in the three southern border provinces of Thailand. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2023; 12:298-303. [PMID: 38025912 PMCID: PMC10655155 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2023.12.4.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This qualitative study utilizing phenomenological methodology aimed to depict parental measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine acceptance through the work experiences of health personnel. Materials and Methods Twenty-two public health workers working as vaccination providers in the three southern border provinces of Thailand were recruited. In-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Four main themes emerged: (1) religious beliefs, (2) personal disagreements, (3) fear and mistrust regarding potential vaccine side effects, and (4) misperceptions about the potential severity of measles. Four subthemes were identified: (1) haram (prohibited), (2) the will of Allah, (3) spousal disagreement, and (4) disagreement from a religious leader. The results of this study indicated that perceived religious prohibition was the most important reason for refusing to vaccinate among Muslim parents. Vaccine-hesitant parents were concerned that the vaccine might contain gelatin derived from pig products. Also, halal certification of the vaccine was required from Muslim parents to ensure that vaccine has been approved for Muslims. Meanwhile, a lack of knowledge and positive attitudes concerning immunizations of vaccine-hesitant parents were also found as predominant reasons for incomplete childhood immunizations in the deep south of Thailand. Conclusion Health education and engagement by religious leaders to endorse the vaccination and bridge the gap between religious beliefs and vaccine acceptance is needed to overcome this issue. This study findings could be effectively applied to improve vaccination uptake in a Muslim majority context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uraiwan Sirithammaphan
- Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Sirindhorn College of Public Health Yala, Yala, Thailand
| | - Ubontip Chaisang
- Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Sirindhorn College of Public Health Yala, Yala, Thailand
| | - Kwanjit Pongrattanamarn
- Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Sirindhorn College of Public Health Yala, Yala, Thailand
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Yang YT, Olick RS, Shaw J. Religious Exemptions, Public Health, and School Vaccination Requirements. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:1001-1002. [PMID: 37639242 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
This Viewpoint examines 2 recent cases that encapsulate the debate on religious exemptions to school vaccination requirements and further argues against these exemptions for schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tony Yang
- Center for Health Policy and Media Engagement, George Washington University School of Nursing, Washington, DC
- Department of Health Policy and Management, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC
| | - Robert S Olick
- Center for Bioethics and Humanities, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse
| | - Jana Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse
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11
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Fasce A, Schmid P, Holford DL, Bates L, Gurevych I, Lewandowsky S. A taxonomy of anti-vaccination arguments from a systematic literature review and text modelling. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:1462-1480. [PMID: 37460761 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of anti-vaccination arguments is a threat to the success of many immunization programmes. Effective rebuttal of contrarian arguments requires an approach that goes beyond addressing flaws in the arguments, by also considering the attitude roots-that is, the underlying psychological attributes driving a person's belief-of opposition to vaccines. Here, through a pre-registered systematic literature review of 152 scientific articles and thematic analysis of anti-vaccination arguments, we developed a hierarchical taxonomy that relates common arguments and themes to 11 attitude roots that explain why an individual might express opposition to vaccination. We further validated our taxonomy on coronavirus disease 2019 anti-vaccination misinformation, through a combination of human coding and machine learning using natural language processing algorithms. Overall, the taxonomy serves as a theoretical framework to link expressed opposition of vaccines to their underlying psychological processes. This enables future work to develop targeted rebuttals and other interventions that address the underlying motives of anti-vaccination arguments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Fasce
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Philipp Schmid
- Institute for Planetary Health Behaviour, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
- Department of Implementation Research, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dawn L Holford
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Luke Bates
- Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab/Department of Computer Science and Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI), Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Iryna Gurevych
- Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab/Department of Computer Science and Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI), Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephan Lewandowsky
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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12
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Chandra M, Osaghae I, Talluri R, Shete S. Barriers to human papillomavirus vaccine uptake: role of state religiosity and healthcare professionals' participation in a state vaccine program. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2023; 7:pkad068. [PMID: 37698997 PMCID: PMC10575682 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the known benefits of preventing human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers, HPV vaccine coverage is low in the United States. Grounded in Social Ecological theory, we assessed the macro-level (state) and meso-level (organization) factors associated with HPV vaccine initiation and up-to-date. METHODS Data from 2020 National Immunization Survey-Teen were used to study a sample of 20 163 US adolescents (aged 13-17 years). The data were collected from each teen's parents or guardians and health-care professionals. Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated, and multivariable regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS The prevalence of HPV vaccine initiation was 75.1% and of remaining up-to-date was 58.6%. At the macro level, teens living in states with high and moderate religiosity had lower odds of HPV vaccine initiation (high religiosity adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50 to 0.78; moderate religiosity AOR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.55 to 0.85) and up-to-date (high religiosity AOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.85; moderate religiosity AOR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.91) than states with low religiosity. At the meso level, when none of their healthcare professionals ordered vaccine from the state, teens had lower odds of initiation (AOR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.87) and up-to-date (AOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60 to 0.95) than teens whose healthcare professionals ordered vaccine from the state. In addition, race and ethnicity, age, mother's education level, household income, well-child examination status, and doctor's recommendation were significantly associated with HPV vaccine uptake. CONCLUSION A multiprong approach is needed to address religious and systemic barriers to HPV vaccination and expand healthcare professionals' access and enrollment in state vaccine initiatives, such as the Vaccine for Children program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Chandra
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ikponmwosa Osaghae
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rajesh Talluri
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Trangerud HA. "What is the problem with vaccines?" A typology of religious vaccine skepticism. Vaccine X 2023; 14:100349. [PMID: 37484867 PMCID: PMC10362305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has identified religion as one of numerous factors that may contribute to delay or refusal of vaccination. The influence of religion on vaccine decisions may be accidental, or it may involve explicit religious objections. By presenting a typology of religious vaccine skepticism, this article seeks to give a comprehensive overview of the essence of these objections and to clarify differences and similarities between them. This knowledge is useful for policy-makers and others who wish to better understand the influence of religion on vaccine decision-making. The typology consists of five main types: (1) a worldview clash type, in which vaccines do not make sense as a health intervention; (2) a divine will type, which represents a form of passive fatalism; (3) an immorality type, which considers some vaccines unethical because of their production or effect; (4) an impurity type, pointing to ingredients that will defile the body; and (5) a conspiracy type, in which a vaccine plot is targeting a religious group.
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Kaliba AR, Andrews DR. The Impact of Meso-Level Factors on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Early Hesitancy in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6313. [PMID: 37444159 PMCID: PMC10341526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The extant literature on the U.S. SARS-CoV-2 virus indicates that the vaccination campaign was lagging, insufficient, and uncoordinated. This study uses the spatial model to identify the drivers of vaccine hesitancy (in the middle of the pandemic), one of the critical steps in creating impactful and effective interventions to influence behavioral changes now and in the future. The applied technique accounted for observed and unobserved homogeneity and heterogeneity among counties. The results indicated that political and religious beliefs, quantified by Cook's political bipartisan index and the percentage of the population affiliated with the main Christian groups, were the main drivers of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy. The past vaccination experience and other variables determining the demand and supply of vaccines were also crucial in influencing hesitancy. The results imply that vaccination campaigns require engaging community leaders at all levels rather than depending on politicians alone and eliminating barriers to the supply and demand of vaccines at all levels. Coordination among religious and community leaders would build a practical institutional arrangement to facilitate (rather than frustrate) the vaccination drives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloyce R. Kaliba
- College of Business, Southern University and A&M, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
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15
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Olagoke A, Hebert-Beirne J, Floyd B, Caskey R, Boyd A, Molina Y. The effectiveness of a religiously framed HPV vaccination message among Christian parents of unvaccinated adolescents in the United States. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION IN HEALTHCARE 2023; 16:215-224. [PMID: 37401883 DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2023.2171613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines has been controversial among religious parents due to beliefs that their children are expected to practice sexual purity and so do not need protection from a sex-related infection. Also, if at all they get infected in the future, God can protect them from sickness without a vaccine. Yet, most HPV vaccination messages are secular, lacking spiritual themes. This study compared the effectiveness of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) on HPV with our intervention message- a scripture-embedded HPV vaccination message (using a randomized controlled trial design) on vaccination intention. METHODS The study was conducted online. Participants were 342 Christian parents (from any denomination) of unvaccinated adolescents aged 11-17 years. The intervention message used the Cognitive Metaphor Theory to map the constructs of the Biblical story of Noah and the Ark to HPV vaccination. We framed Noah as the parents, the flood as HPV, and the ark as the vaccination. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the changes in vaccination intention before and after the intervention. RESULTS Our findings showed that parents who received the scripture-embedded message reported a higher intention to vaccinate their children than those who received the CDC VIS (β= 0.31, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 0.11-0.52; p=0.003). CONCLUSION Our findings support the need for equitable messaging regarding HPV vaccination. Faith-based messaging interventions that seek to increase HPV vaccination should be framed to address religious anti-vaccination beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayokunle Olagoke
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Brenikki Floyd
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel Caskey
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Sections of General Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois, Chicago Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Boyd
- Department of Biomedical and Health Information Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yamilé Molina
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois, Chicago Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Research on Women and Gender, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mahamad P, Dahlan W, Kahong S, So-audon S, Munaowaroh W, Nopponpunth V. Duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for simultaneous quantification of bovine and porcine gelatin in capsules. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:803-811. [PMID: 37041814 PMCID: PMC10082860 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of bovine and porcine in gelatin-based products is important as species fraud and product mislabeling may have a detrimental impact on customers who have health, ethical, and religious concerns about animal products. The duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay using double-quenched probes has been developed for quantification and detection of porcine and bovine DNA in gelatin capsules. A DNA mixture derived from gelatin was found to have a limit of detection as low as 0.001 ng/µl for porcine samples and 0.01 ng/µl for bovine samples. DNA from 12 other distinct species was tested with the bovine and porcine probes, showing high specificity for this method. The test was validated using fifty-five commercial supplement and pharmaceutical capsules, of which 17 were positive for bovine and/or porcine DNA. This study shows that the duplex ddPCR is reliable for routine analysis in the identification of bovine and porcine origins for gelatin capsules. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01204-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpimol Mahamad
- The Halal Science Center, Chulalongkorn University, CU Research Building, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Winai Dahlan
- The Halal Science Center, Chulalongkorn University, CU Research Building, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Saveeyah Kahong
- The Halal Science Center, Chulalongkorn University, CU Research Building, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Sukanya So-audon
- The Halal Science Center, Chulalongkorn University, CU Research Building, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Wila Munaowaroh
- The Halal Science Center, Chulalongkorn University, CU Research Building, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Vanida Nopponpunth
- The Halal Science Center, Chulalongkorn University, CU Research Building, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama I Road, Chula Soi 12, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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Gaughan CH, Razieh C, Khunti K, Banerjee A, Chudasama YV, Davies MJ, Dolby T, Gillies CL, Lawson C, Mirkes EM, Morgan J, Tingay K, Zaccardi F, Yates T, Nafilyan V. COVID-19 vaccination uptake amongst ethnic minority communities in England: a linked study exploring the drivers of differential vaccination rates. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:e65-e74. [PMID: 34994801 PMCID: PMC8755382 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite generally high coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination rates in the UK, vaccination hesitancy and lower take-up rates have been reported in certain ethnic minority communities. METHODS We used vaccination data from the National Immunisation Management System (NIMS) linked to the 2011 Census and individual health records for subjects aged ≥40 years (n = 24 094 186). We estimated age-standardized vaccination rates, stratified by ethnic group and key sociodemographic characteristics, such as religious affiliation, deprivation, educational attainment, geography, living conditions, country of birth, language skills and health status. To understand the association of ethnicity with lower vaccination rates, we conducted a logistic regression model adjusting for differences in geographic, sociodemographic and health characteristics. ResultsAll ethnic groups had lower age-standardized rates of vaccination compared with the white British population, whose vaccination rate of at least one dose was 94% (95% CI: 94%-94%). Black communities had the lowest rates, with 75% (74-75%) of black African and 66% (66-67%) of black Caribbean individuals having received at least one dose. The drivers of these lower rates were partly explained by accounting for sociodemographic differences. However, modelled estimates showed significant differences remained for all minority ethnic groups, compared with white British individuals. CONCLUSIONS Lower COVID-19 vaccination rates are consistently observed amongst all ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration – East Midlands (ARC-EM), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Amitava Banerjee
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Yogini V Chudasama
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration – East Midlands (ARC-EM), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Ted Dolby
- Office for National Statistics, Newport NP10 8XG, UK
| | - Clare L Gillies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration – East Midlands (ARC-EM), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Claire Lawson
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Evgeny M Mirkes
- School of Computing and Mathematical Science, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jasper Morgan
- Office for National Statistics, Newport NP10 8XG, UK
| | - Karen Tingay
- Office for National Statistics, Newport NP10 8XG, UK
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
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Halimatusa'diyah I, Durriyah TL. Political Partisanship, Trust, and Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccines in Indonesia. JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLITICS, POLICY AND LAW 2023; 48:35-61. [PMID: 36112927 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-10171076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT This study examines the extent to which political partisanship-measured as support for either the incumbent candidate for Indonesia's presidency, Joko Widodo (popularly known as Jokowi), or for Jokowi's challenger, Prabowo-affects individuals' risk perception of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and refusal as well as beliefs about the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS The authors performed multinomial logistic and ordinary least squares regression analyses on a nationally representative sample of a national survey on public trust in COVID-19 vaccines and vaccinations that was conducted in December 2020. FINDINGS Individuals who voted for Prabowo in the 2019 presidential election were more likely to have a lower level of willingness and a higher level of hesitancy to get the COVID-19 vaccine than those who cast their ballot for Jokowi as the Indonesian president. CONCLUSIONS Political partisanship does matter in shaping individuals' hesitancy or refusal to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia. The effect of partisanship is also significant in shaping individuals' trust in the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccine, but it is not significantly associated with individuals' risk perceptions.
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Talking about the Vaccine after the Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study among Youth in Turkey and Ethical Issues. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010104. [PMID: 36679949 PMCID: PMC9860747 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Examining the factors that affect the vaccination rate among young people in an ethical frame can support vaccination promotion. Therefore, this study will elaborate, through an ethical lens, on young people's hesitation about and decisions regarding getting vaccinated. The cross-sectional study was conducted with 2428 people aged 15-30 in Turkey in June 2022. The questionnaire included the following subtitles: psycho-social situation, health services and health policies, COVID-19 vaccine, and predictions about life and health after the pandemic. The average age was 22.9 years. In the study sample, 80% were vaccinated, while 20% were not. Vaccinated participants acted more cautiously to protect their health. Receiving accurate and sufficient information on proposed vaccines affects vaccination status. The primary reason for getting vaccinated was "to protect their health, families, and relatives", and the primary reason for not getting vaccinated was "not trusting the vaccine content or the country where the vaccine was produced". Specifically, those vaccinated felt more relaxed physically, psychologically, and socially. In addition, the expectations for the future of those vaccinated were significantly higher. Accurate and adequate information is essential for reducing vaccine hesitancy. In addition, promoting prosocial behaviors in young people and highlighting related values will support vaccination.
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20
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Aram SA, Hagan JE, Mansoh GKA, Saalidong BM, Lartey PO, Ahinkorah BO, Seidu A, Ameyaw EK, Appiah A, Hotor DW, Gyimah J. Association between health and safety perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine and its uptake in Ghana. PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGES 2022; 1:e20. [PMID: 37519313 PMCID: PMC9874404 DOI: 10.1002/puh2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Attitudes towards vaccines have affected COVID-19 vaccination programs in many countries. This study sought to evaluate the effects of general perceptions on the safety and health concerns and the confidence in COVID-19 vaccines on its uptake in Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between January and March 2021. The outcome variables for this study were "Taking mandatory COVID-19 vaccine" and "Taking voluntary COVID-19 vaccine". The data were subjected to both descriptive (frequency, percentages, and chi-square tests) and inferential (complementary log-log logistic regression) analyses. Results Out of 620 Ghanians who participated in the survey, about 80% of the participants believed that vaccines were good for one's health and 73% had confidence on COVID-19 vaccine safety; although 81% of the respondents were particularly concerned about the source of the vaccine. 79% and 71% of respondents indicated their willingness for mandatory and voluntary COVID-19 vaccination, respectively. In all operationalized regression models, Ghanaians who believed that vaccines are healthy (OR = 1.998, Cl = 1.345-2.968; OR = 1.652, Cl = 1.050-2.601) and those who had confidence in a COVID-19 vaccine safety (OR = 4.405, Cl = 3.136-6.188; OR = 8.340, Cl = 5.471-12.713) were more likely to take a mandatory or voluntary COVID-19 vaccine compared to those who thought and believed otherwise. Individual preferences and/or intentions towards COVID-19 vaccine uptake and uptake route (i.e., mandatory, voluntary) were influenced by multifaceted determinants: biosocial (age, marital status, education), socio-cultural (religion, source of vaccine as a concern), and location (geographical zone) factors. Conclusion To consolidate and possibly increase vaccine uptake in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana, health education and promotion programs should aim at creating awareness on the benefits of vaccine uptake while addressing the health and safety concerns on the potential side effects through evidence-based community messaging from credible sources. It is important to show specific commitment to transparency and reliable information to build public trust by decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Appah Aram
- College of Safety and Emergency Management EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - John Elvis Hagan
- Department of HealthPhysical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, PMBCape CoastGhana
- Neurocognition and Action‐Biomechanics‐Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sport SciencesBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | | | - Benjamin M. Saalidong
- Department of Geoscience and EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Patrick Osei Lartey
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuanPeople's Republic of China
| | | | - Abdul‐Aziz Seidu
- Centre for Gender and AdvocacyTakoradi Technical UniversityTakoradiGhana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleAustralia
| | | | - Augustine Appiah
- College of Safety and Emergency Management EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuanPeople's Republic of China
| | | | - Justice Gyimah
- College of Economics and ManagementTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuanPeople's Republic of China
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Qasim R, Shah H, Sultan A, Yaqoob M, Haroon R, Mistry SK, Bestman A, Yousafzai MT, Yadav UN. Exploring the beliefs and experiences with regard to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance in a slum of Karachi, Pakistan. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6775365. [PMID: 36300701 PMCID: PMC9620344 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19-related misinformation and vaccine hesitancy is a widespread global concern and a recognized public health problem in Pakistan. The current research sought to explore the beliefs and experiences with regard to COVID-19, including vaccine hesitancy and acceptance, in a slum of Karachi, Pakistan. This study used an interpretivist epistemological approach for data collection and employed in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) to explore the themes of interest. IDIs and FDGs were conducted in the local language (Pashtu) and Urdu, using semi-structured interview guides. A hybrid thematic analysis approach (use of both inductive and deductive coding) was used to analyze the data. We identified two key themes: the first related to vaccine hesitancy and refusal and included the role of personal belief systems, vaccine mistrust and public perceptions in hesitancy; the second related to vaccine acceptance and included knowledge and awareness about the vaccine and trusted sources of information. Religious beliefs and cultural norms influenced attitudes toward COVID-19 and vaccination. This study also found that awareness about the COVID-19 vaccine in this sample was influenced by sex, educational status and socioeconomic status. Participants with good health literacy and those from healthcare backgrounds were more likely to share views that indicated vaccine acceptance. The findings of this study are being used to co-design a comprehensive intervention to dispel COVID-19 misinformation and vaccine hesitancy across a range of stakeholders such as youths, community leaders, family members, faith leaders, schools and community-based local organizations in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Qasim
- Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Hakim Shah
- Indus College of Nursing and Midwifery , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Sultan
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Muhammad Yaqoob
- Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Rukhsana Haroon
- Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales , Sydney Australia
| | - Amy Bestman
- The George Institute for Global Health , Sydney , Australia
| | - Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney , Australia
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales , Sydney Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, ACT , Canberra , Australia
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22
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Parimi K, Gilkeson K, Creamer BA. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: Considerations for reluctance and improving vaccine uptake. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2062972. [PMID: 35436173 PMCID: PMC9897654 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2062972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) pandemic during the fall of 2019 led to the rapid development of vaccines aimed at curbing viral infection, spread, and its potential eradication. A recent trend is an overall increase in vaccine hesitancy, leading to the World Health Organization citing this as a problem which needs to be addressed. With the development and approval of vaccines for COVID-19, this trend has quickened, leading to potential negative ramifications in the ability controlling COVID-19 spread. Here we describe reported examples in overall vaccine hesitancy prior to the emergence of COVID-19, as well as summarizing recent reports on vaccine hesitancy related to COVID-19 vaccines. Gaining a better understanding of the reasons individuals have, as well as potential methods for decreasing hesitancy in the future, will hopefully lead to a greater percentage of vaccinated individuals and aid in ending the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Parimi
- Thomas Jefferson Independent Day School, Joplin, MO, USA
| | - Kyle Gilkeson
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Kansas City University, Joplin, MO, USA
| | - Bradley A. Creamer
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Kansas City University, Joplin, MO, USA,CONTACT Bradley A. Creamer Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, 2901 St. Johns Blvd, Joplin, MO64804, USA
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23
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Martens JP, Rutjens BT. Spirituality and Religiosity Contribute to Ongoing COVID-19 Vaccination Rates: Comparing 195 Regions Around the World. Vaccine X 2022; 12:100241. [PMCID: PMC9666266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sitaresmi MN, Seale H, Heywood AE, Padmawati RS, Soenarto Y, MacIntyre CR, Atthobari J. Maternal knowledge and attitudes towards rotavirus diarrhea and vaccine acceptance in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a qualitative study. PAEDIATRICA INDONESIANA 2022. [DOI: 10.14238/pi62.5.2022.333-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background Rotavirus is a leading cause of hospitalized diarrhea cases in Indonesia. Despite the rotavirus vaccine being recommended by the Indonesian Pediatric Society since 2011, it has yet to be been included in the Indonesian national immunization program (NIP) schedule.
Objective To explore maternal knowledge of and attitudes towards rotavirus diarrhea, as well as barriers to vaccine acceptance in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Methods We conducted 26 in-depth interviews in two districts (rural and urban areas) of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Participants included women in their third trimester of pregnancy and mothers of infants younger than 14 weeks. We then proceeded with thematic analysis.
Results Participants did not perceive diarrhea as being a priority health problem. Very few had heard of rotavirus diarrhea or were aware of vaccine availability. While participants would accept vaccinating their children against rotavirus, some key barriers impacted vaccine use. As the rotavirus vaccine is not included in the Indonesian NIP, parents perceived it as not essential. Parents were concerned about the safety and benefit of the vaccine due to its perceived newness. Other concerns were cost and halal status. Participants expressed a need for more information on the vaccine's effectiveness and safety, with their primary healthcare providers (HCPs) considered to play the most important role in vaccine acceptance.
Conclusions In Yogyakarta, Indonesia, awareness of the seriousness of rotavirus disease and the availability of the rotavirus vaccine is low. Its newness, safety, efficacy, and cost, and doubts about its halal status, were barriers to vaccine acceptance. Information and recommendations from HCPs play an essential role in vaccine acceptance.
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Santos TM, Cata-Preta BO, Wendt A, Arroyave L, Hogan DR, Mengistu T, Barros AJD, Victora CG. Religious affiliation as a driver of immunization coverage: Analyses of zero-dose vaccine prevalence in 66 low- and middle-income countries. Front Public Health 2022; 10:977512. [PMID: 36388274 PMCID: PMC9642099 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.977512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The literature on the association between religion and immunization coverage is scant, mostly consisting of single-country studies. Analyses in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to assess whether the proportions of zero-dose children vary according to religion remains necessary to better understand non-socioeconomic immunization barriers and to inform interventions that target zero-dose children. Methods We included 66 LMICs with standardized national surveys carried out since 2010, with information on religion and vaccination. The proportion of children who failed to receive any doses of a diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) containing vaccine - a proxy for no access to routine vaccination or "zero-dose" status - was the outcome. Differences among religious groups were assessed using a test for heterogeneity. Additional analyses were performed controlling for the fixed effect of country, household wealth, maternal education, and urban-rural residence to assess associations between religion and immunization. Findings In 27 countries there was significant heterogeneity in no-DPT prevalence according to religion. Pooled analyses adjusted for wealth, maternal education, and area of residence showed that Muslim children had 76% higher no-DPT prevalence than Christian children. Children from the majority religion in each country tended to have lower no-DPT prevalence than the rest of the population except in Muslim-majority countries. Interpretation Analyses of gaps in coverage according to religion are relevant to renewing efforts to reach groups that are being left behind, with an important role in the reduction of zero-dose children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil,*Correspondence: Thiago M. Santos
| | - Bianca O. Cata-Preta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Andrea Wendt
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia em Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luisa Arroyave
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aluisio J. D. Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cesar G. Victora
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Shaheen H, König HH, Hajek A. Religious Affiliation and Flu Vaccination in Germany: Results of the German Ageing Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102108. [PMID: 36292555 PMCID: PMC9602020 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to examine the association between religious affiliation and the likelihood of taking the flu vaccine. Cross-sectional data (year 2014 with n = 7172) were used from the nationally representative German Ageing Survey—covering community-dwelling individuals aged 40 years and over. Multiple logistic regressions showed that compared with individuals without a religious affiliation, individuals with certain religious affiliations had a lower likelihood of taking the flu vaccine. More precisely, the likelihood of taking a flu shot was significantly associated with belonging to the Roman Catholic Church (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.44–0.57), the Protestant Church (OR: 0.68, 0.60–0.77), the Evangelic Free Church (OR: 0.54, 0.35–0.82) and other religious communities (OR: 0.25, 0.14–0.45). The results remained nearly the same when we restricted our analyses to individuals aged 60 years and over (according to existing recommendations for flu vaccination). The association between religious affiliation and the likelihood of taking the flu vaccine was moderated by thoughts about religion and deeds for religion. This knowledge could help to improve the immunization coverage by addressing individuals with certain religious affiliations.
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Orlandi LB, Febo V, Perdichizzi S. The role of religiosity in product and technology acceptance: Evidence from COVID-19 vaccines. TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE 2022; 185:122032. [PMID: 36117496 PMCID: PMC9464621 DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous research on religion and economic phenomena has suggested that religious attitudes are related to risk aversion. Moreover, risk attitudes play a significant role in the adoption and diffusion of technological innovations. However, the role of religiosity in technology-related phenomena is still relatively unexplored. The present study fills this gap and investigates the impact of religiosity on the acceptance of innovative technologies and products in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we frame COVID-19 vaccines as new products based on innovative production technologies and show that their acceptance by the general public is negatively associated with country-level religiosity. Furthermore, we investigate the role of religious leaders in endorsing COVID-19 vaccines to their followers. Our hypotheses are empirically tested on 1179 weekly observations of vaccination rates in 22 European countries characterised by different levels of religiosity. The results suggest that religiosity is negatively associated with vaccine rates after controlling for country-level social and economic factors. Conversely, the countries where Roman Catholics are the majority religious group display a positive association between religiosity and vaccine rates, highlighting the role of leaders in endorsing the COVID-19 vaccination campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Febo
- EM Normandie Business School, Metis Lab, France, 30-32 Rue Henri Barbusse, 92110 Clichy, France
- Department of Management, University of Bologna, via Capo di Lucca 34, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Perdichizzi
- Department of Management, University of Bologna, via Capo di Lucca 34, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Ashwell D, Cullinane J, Croucher SM. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and patient self-advocacy: a statistical analysis of those who can and can't get vaccinated. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1296. [PMID: 35790942 PMCID: PMC9255840 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study applies the Patient Self-Advocacy scale to investigate vaccine hesitancy in New Zealand. Due to New Zealand’s very limited tertiary hospital system and vulnerable populations, the Government’s strategy to address COVID-19 has been to prevent the virus from entering the nation and to eliminate it when it does cross the border. Therefore, there is no opportunity for the nation to generate any acquired immunity through exposure. To transition from closed borders, New Zealand will need to run a highly successful national vaccination programme and this needs to have the ability to drive influential public health messaging to the targeted places within the communities where vaccine hesitancy most exists. Methods This study employed statistical methods. A nationally representative survey of adults in New Zealand (n = 1852) was collected via Qualtrics. Independent samples t-tests, and multiple regression were used to explore the research questions. Results Those who identify as medically able to be vaccinated expressed significantly higher confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine than those who identified as unable to be vaccinated. Patient-self advocacy had a positive effect on vaccine confidence. Individuals who identify as able to be vaccinated have less hesitancy. Demographics had various effects on vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion The research highlights particularly important insights into vaccine hesitancy related to patient self-advocacy behaviours, and various demographic variables such as political affiliation. In addition, the research adds further clarity on how and why New Zealanders have responded to the COVID-vaccine. Finally, the importance of vaccine literacy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ashwell
- School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Cullinane
- Massey Business School, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M Croucher
- School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Dolby T, Finning K, Baker A, Fowler-Dowd L, Khunti K, Razieh C, Yates T, Nafilyan V. Monitoring sociodemographic inequality in COVID-19 vaccination uptake in England: a national linked data study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2022; 76:646-652. [PMID: 35470259 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-218415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The UK began an ambitious COVID-19 vaccination programme on 8 December 2020. This study describes variation in vaccination uptake by sociodemographic characteristics between December 2020 and August 2021. METHODS Using population-level administrative records linked to the 2011 Census, we estimated monthly first dose vaccination rates by age group and sociodemographic characteristics among adults aged 18 years or over in England. We also present a tool to display the results interactively. RESULTS Our sample included 35 223 466 adults. A lower percentage of males than females were vaccinated in the young and middle age groups (18-59 years) but not in the older age groups. Vaccination rates were highest among individuals of White British and Indian ethnic backgrounds and lowest among Black Africans (aged ≥80 years) and Black Caribbeans (18-79 years). Differences by ethnic group emerged as soon as vaccination roll-out commenced and widened over time. Vaccination rates were also lower among individuals who identified as Muslim, lived in more deprived areas, reported having a disability, did not speak English as their main language, lived in rented housing, belonged to a lower socioeconomic group, and had fewer qualifications. CONCLUSION We found inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake rates by sex, ethnicity, religion, area deprivation, disability status, English language proficiency, socioeconomic position and educational attainment, but some of these differences varied by age group. Research is urgently needed to understand why these inequalities exist and how they can be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Dolby
- Health Analysis and Life Events division, Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
| | - Katie Finning
- Health Analysis and Life Events division, Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
| | - Allan Baker
- Population Health Analysis Team, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Leigh Fowler-Dowd
- Population Health Analysis Team, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Cameron Razieh
- Health Analysis and Life Events division, Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Vahe Nafilyan
- Health Analysis and Life Events division, Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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30
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Dantrolene for Generalized Tetanus in Pediatrics. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Lahav E, Shahrabani S, Rosenboim M, Tsutsui Y. Is stronger religious faith associated with a greater willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine? Evidence from Israel and Japan. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2022; 23:687-703. [PMID: 34677722 PMCID: PMC8532098 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-021-01389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Achieving high vaccination rates is important for overcoming an epidemic. This study investigates the association between religious faith and intentions to become vaccinated against COVID-19 in Israel and Japan. Most of Israel's population is monotheistic, whereas most Japanese are unaffiliated with any religion. Therefore, our findings might be applicable to various countries that differ in their religions and levels of religiosity. We conducted almost identical large-scale surveys four times in Israel and five times in Japan from March to June 2020 to obtain panel data. We found that intentions of getting vaccinated depend on people's level of religiosity in a non-linear way. Those who have strong religious beliefs are less likely to become vaccinated than those who say they are less religious. Two other factors that play a role in this relationship are religious denomination in Israel and identifying with a religion in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Lahav
- The Open University of Israel, University Road 1, Raanana, Israel
| | - Shosh Shahrabani
- Economics and Management Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, P.O. 1930600, Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - Mosi Rosenboim
- Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yoshiro Tsutsui
- Kyoto Bunkyo University, Senzoku-80 Makishimacho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0041 Japan
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Trepanowski R, Drążkowski D. Cross-National Comparison of Religion as a Predictor of COVID-19 Vaccination Rates. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:2198-2211. [PMID: 35556198 PMCID: PMC9095816 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of religiosity on COVID-19 vaccination rates using a cross-national comparison while controlling for socio-economic factors and culture. Our analysis, conducted on data from 90 countries representing 86% of the world population, showed that Christianity was negatively related to vaccination, while there was no relation with Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and nonbelief. The importance of religion, freedom of expression and belief, sex ratio, median age, and almost all cultural factors were not related to vaccination, whereas Human Development Index was. The influence of different religions on vaccination rates has also been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Trepanowski
- Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, 89 Szamarzewskiego Street, PL-60-568, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Drążkowski
- Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, 89 Szamarzewskiego Street, PL-60-568, Poznan, Poland
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Gabay G, Tarabieh M. Science and behavioral intentions among Israeli Jewish ultra-Orthodox males: Death from COVID-19 or from the COVID-19 vaccine? A thematic study. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:410-427. [PMID: 35098797 DOI: 10.1177/09636625211070500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 vaccine is a scientific breakthrough to end the pandemic. We explore perceptions underlying behavioral intentions toward the COVID-19 vaccine among ultra-Orthodox Jewish males in Israel upon rollout of the vaccine. Forty-two men aged 36-56 years participated in in-depth interviews. The theoretical anchor is Miller's theory of scientific literacy. The research questions are "What perceptions shape rejection of the COVID-19 vaccine?" "What perceptions shape hesitancy and deterrence toward the COVID-19 vaccine?" and "What social forces shape behavioral intentions toward the COVID-19 vaccine?" Thematic data analysis demonstrated six themes of vaccine rejection and four themes of hesitation toward vaccination. The social forces shaping behavioral intentions are the local community's leader and the national religious authority. We highlight the need to enhance scientific literacy and reduce suspicion through collaborative community-based work among health professionals from the community, religious leaders, and lay leaders to increase acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Alhendyani F, Jolly K, Jones LL. Views and experiences of maternal healthcare providers regarding influenza vaccine during pregnancy globally: A systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263234. [PMID: 35143531 PMCID: PMC8830613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that pregnant women receive influenza vaccination; however, uptake of the vaccine remains low. Maternity health care professionals (MHCPs) play an important role in motivating pregnant women to receive the influenza vaccine. However, factors such as MHCPs' views and knowledge about the vaccine, and time constraints due to workload may influence MHCPs' practices and opinions about women receiving the influenza vaccine during pregnancy. To date, the qualitative evidence exploring MHCPs' views and experiences around influenza vaccine uptake in pregnant women has not been synthesised. AIM To systematically review and thematically synthesise qualitative evidence that explores the views and experiences of MHCPs involved in the provision of the maternal influenza vaccine worldwide. METHODS Five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science) were searched, supplemented with searches of included paper reference lists and grey literature. Study selection was conducted by up to three researchers applying pre-specified inclusion/exclusion criteria. Quality assessment was undertaken, data were extracted, coded and synthesised to develop descriptive and analytical themes. RESULTS Eight studies involving 277 participants were included. Seventeen descriptive themes were interpreted, embedded within six analytical themes. MHCPs perceived that maternal influenza vaccination delivery can be facilitated by trusting relationships, good communication, knowledge about the vaccine leading to confidence in recommending vaccine, electronic vaccination prompts, and presence of national guidelines. However, workload, time constraints, MHCP's perception of pregnant women's concerns, and social/cultural/environmental influences could prevent the likelihood of delivery of influenza vaccine. Knowledgeable MHCPs who were regularly updated about vaccination based on scientific evidence were more confident when discussing and recommending the influenza vaccine to pregnant women. In addition, the presence of national policies and guidelines and electronic prompts for maternal influenza vaccination would enhance the delivery of the vaccine. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that approaches to enhance the vaccination uptake rate in pregnant women include addressing MHCPs barriers to discussing influenza vaccination through education, sufficient time for discussions, and electronic prompts about vaccination, as well as evidence based local and national guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah Alhendyani
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kuwait, State of Kuwait
| | - Kate Jolly
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laura L. Jones
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Mardian Y, Shaw-Shaliba K, Karyana M, Lau CY. Sharia (Islamic Law) Perspectives of COVID-19 Vaccines. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2021.788188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused health, economic, and social challenges globally. Under these circumstances, effective vaccines play a critical role in saving lives, improving population health, and facilitating economic recovery. In Muslim-majority countries, Islamic jurisprudence, which places great importance on sanctity and safety of human life and protection of livelihoods, may influence vaccine uptake. Efforts to protect humans, such as vaccines, are highly encouraged in Islam. However, concerns about vaccine products’ Halal (permissible to consume by Islamic law) status and potential harm can inhibit acceptance. Fatwa councils agree that vaccines are necessary in the context of our current pandemic; receiving a COVID-19 vaccination is actually a form of compliance with Sharia law. Broader use of animal component free reagents during manufacturing may further increase acceptance among Muslims. We herein explain the interplay between Sharia (Islamic law) and scientific considerations in addressing the challenge of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, particularly in Muslim populations.
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36
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Gaweł A, Mańdziuk M, Żmudziński M, Gosek M, Krawczyk-Suszek M, Pisarski M, Adamski A, Cyganik W. Effects of Pope Francis' Religious Authority and Media Coverage on Twitter User's Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1487. [PMID: 34960233 PMCID: PMC8707322 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is interdisciplinary and combines the research perspective of medical studies with that of media and social communication studies and theological studies. The main goal of this article is to determine [from arguments on all sides of the issue] whether, and to what extent, statements issued by a religious authority can be used as an argument in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. The authors also want to find answers to the questions of how the pope's comments affect public opinion when they concern the sphere of secular and everyday life, including issues related to health care. The main method used in this study is desktop research and the analysis of the Roman Catholic Church's teaching on vaccination and on the types and significance of the pope's statements on various topics. The auxiliary methods are sentiment analysis and network analysis made in the open source software Gephi. The authors are strongly interested in the communication and media aspect of the analyzed situation. Pope Francis' voice on the COVID-19 vaccination has certainly been noticed and registered worldwide, but the effectiveness of his message and direct impact on Catholics' decisions to accept or refuse the COVID-19 vaccination is quite questionable and would require further precise research. Comparing this to the regularities known from political marketing, one would think that the pope's statement would not convince the firm opponents of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Gaweł
- College of Applied Informatics, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, 2 Sucharskiego Str., 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Marzena Mańdziuk
- Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, 2 Sucharskiego Str., 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.-S.); (W.C.)
| | - Marek Żmudziński
- Faculty of Theology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Gosek
- Institute for Education Analysis, College of Media and Social Communication, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, 2 Sucharskiego Str., 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Marlena Krawczyk-Suszek
- Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, 2 Sucharskiego Str., 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.-S.); (W.C.)
| | - Mariusz Pisarski
- College of Media and Social Communication, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, ul. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Adamski
- College of Media and Social Communication, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, ul. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Weronika Cyganik
- Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, 2 Sucharskiego Str., 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.-S.); (W.C.)
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Williams JTB, Rice JD, O'Leary ST. Associations between religion, religiosity, and parental vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine X 2021; 9:100121. [PMID: 34805968 PMCID: PMC8586799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Religious vaccine exemptions are widely available and increasing despite decreases in American religiosity. We tested associations between religion, religiosity, and caregiver vaccine hesitancy in a sample of caregivers of 2-year-olds. Methods We analyzed data from a 2020 survey in three pediatric clinics, estimating distinct multivariable logistic regression models to examine associations. Results Our sample included 255 predominantly poor, Latino, Christian, and English-speaking caregivers (response rate: 90%); 13% were vaccine hesitant. Caregivers identifying with major faith traditions were not more likely to be hesitant than those without a tradition (adjusted odds ratio 1.46; 95% CI 0.29, 7.26). There were no significant associations between caregiver vaccine hesitancy and three religiosity domains. Conclusions We found no associations between parental vaccine hesitancy, religiosity, or adherence to a major faith tradition in a sample of mostly poor, Latino, Christian mothers. Additional work is needed to inform exemption policies and public health and faith leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T B Williams
- Department of Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA.,Office of Research, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John D Rice
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.,Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sean T O'Leary
- Office of Research, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA.,Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), Aurora, CO, USA.,Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Levin J, Idler EL, VanderWeele TJ. Faith-Based Organizations and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: Challenges and Recommendations. Public Health Rep 2021; 137:11-16. [PMID: 34694939 PMCID: PMC8721765 DOI: 10.1177/00333549211054079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Levin
- Institute for Studies of Religion and Medical Humanities Program, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA,Jeff Levin, PhD, MPH, Baylor University, Institute for Studies of Religion, 1 Bear Pl #97236, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - Ellen L. Idler
- Departments of Sociology and Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tyler J. VanderWeele
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Jacobi CJ, Vaidyanathan B. Racial differences in anticipated COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among religious populations in the US. Vaccine 2021; 39:6351-6355. [PMID: 34544600 PMCID: PMC8446822 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Given high COVID-19 infection and mortality ratesamong racial minorities in the US and their higher rates of religiosity, it is important to examine how the intersection of race and religion influences perceptions of COVID-19 vaccinations.Data for this study come from online surveys conducted in twelve congregations between October and December 2020 (N = 1,609). Based on logistic regression analyses, this study demonstrates a severe disparity of 24 percentage points (95% confidence interval 0.14-0.33) in anticipated COVID-19 vaccine acceptance between African Americans and White Americans, even when controlling for trust in COVID-19 information from scientists and levels of worrying about COVID-19 as well as religiosity and demographic factors. Religiosity is negatively associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across racial groups. The findings suggest that the intersection of race and religion should be considered when designing immunization programs, for instance by fostering collaborations and dialogue with faith leaders of racial minority congregations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Justin Jacobi
- Department of Sociology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States; Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Brandon Vaidyanathan
- Department of Sociology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States.
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Kosarkova A, Malinakova K, van Dijk JP, Tavel P. Vaccine Refusal in the Czech Republic Is Associated with Being Spiritual but Not Religiously Affiliated. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101157. [PMID: 34696265 PMCID: PMC8537344 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A strong reduction in the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 pandemic can be achieved by vaccination. Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) may play an important role in vaccine acceptance. However, evidence is lacking for the associations with religious conspiracy theories (RCT) in a non-religious environment. This study investigated the associations between R/S and RCT about COVID-19 vaccination and the links of R/S with vaccine refusal and hesitancy. A sample of Czech adults (n = 459) participated in the survey. We measured R/S, RCT, religious fundamentalism, and COVID-19 vaccination intentions. We found spirituality to be significantly associated with RCT belief, with odds ratios (OR) of 2.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–3.19). A combination of R/S groups revealed that spirituality with non-religious affiliation was associated with higher beliefs in RCT, with ORs from 3.51 to 7.17. Moreover, associations were found between spirituality with non-religious affiliation [OR 2.22(1.33–7.76)] with vaccine refusal. Our findings showed associations of spirituality and religious fundamentalism with RCT about COVID-19 vaccination. Furthermore, spirituality was linked to a higher possibility of vaccine refusal. Understanding these associations may help prevent the development of RCT and negative impact of spirituality on vaccine intentions and contribute to the effectiveness of the vaccination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kosarkova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Klara Malinakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
| | - Jitse P. van Dijk
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
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Laurent A, Abdel-Sayed P, Hirt-Burri N, Scaletta C, Michetti M, de Buys Roessingh A, Raffoul W, Applegate LA. Evolution of Diploid Progenitor Lung Cell Applications: From Optimized Biotechnological Substrates to Potential Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Respiratory Tract Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:2526. [PMID: 34685505 PMCID: PMC8533713 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to describe the evolution of lung tissue-derived diploid progenitor cell applications, ranging from historical biotechnological substrate functions for vaccine production and testing to current investigations around potential therapeutic use in respiratory tract regenerative medicine. Such cell types (e.g., MRC-5 or WI-38 sources) were extensively studied since the 1960s and have been continuously used over five decades as safe and sustainable industrial vaccine substrates. Recent research and development efforts around diploid progenitor lung cells (e.g., FE002-Lu or Walvax-2 sources) consist in qualification for potential use as optimal and renewed vaccine production substrates and, alternatively, for potential therapeutic applications in respiratory tract regenerative medicine. Potentially effective, safe, and sustainable cell therapy approaches for the management of inflammatory lung diseases or affections and related symptoms (e.g., COVID-19 patients and burn patient severe inhalation syndrome) using local homologous allogeneic cell-based or cell-derived product administrations are considered. Overall, lung tissue-derived progenitor cells isolated and produced under good manufacturing practices (GMP) may be used with high versatility. They can either act as key industrial platforms optimally conforming to specific pharmacopoeial requirements or as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) for potentially effective promotion of lung tissue repair or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Laurent
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.L.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
- TEC-PHARMA SA, Manufacturing Department, CH-1038 Bercher, Switzerland
- LAM Biotechnologies SA, Manufacturing Department, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Abdel-Sayed
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.L.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.L.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Corinne Scaletta
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.L.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Murielle Michetti
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.L.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Anthony de Buys Roessingh
- Children and Adolescent Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Romand Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Romand Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.L.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
- Romand Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Oxford OSCAR Suzhou Center, Oxford University, Suzhou 215123, China
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‘When the Waves Roll High’: Religious Coping among the Amish and Mennonites during the COVID-19 Pandemic. RELIGIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rel12090678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Religious beliefs, practices, and social support facilitate coping with psychologically distressful events and circumstances. However, COVID-19 and governmental mandates for social distancing and isolation make in-person communal forms of religious coping difficult. While some congregations began holding virtual rituals, this was not an option for Amish and conservative Mennonite groups that restrict communication and media technologies as a religious sacrament. Governmental mandates placed a disproportionate burden on these groups whose members could not conduct rituals or interact virtually with other members and family. What religious coping strategies did the Amish and Mennonites use to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic given their restricted ability to participate in in-person rituals? We collected data from The Budget and The Diary, two Amish and Mennonite correspondence newspapers, which provide information on the experiences of community members. We content analyzed all entries from March 2020 to April 2020 and identified several themes related to religious coping focused on the positive benefits of the pandemic, specifically how it helps and reminds the Amish and Mennonites to refocus on the simple and important things in life, including God, spirituality, family, tradition, gardening, and other at-home hobbies, all of which reflect their religious commitment to a slower pace of life.
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Elkalmi RM, Jamshed SQ, Suhaimi AM. Discrepancies and Similarities in Attitudes, Beliefs, and Familiarity with Vaccination Between Religious Studies and Science Students in Malaysia: A Comparison Study. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:2411-2427. [PMID: 33661436 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of religion on vaccine receptivity in Malaysia. Improved vaccine uptake is positively reflected in the reduction of vaccine-preventable diseases. This study aimed to explore and compare the attitudes, religious beliefs, and familiarity regarding vaccination between the religious studies and science students. A survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted between a convenient sample of students (N = 300) of religious studies and applied sciences in Kuantan, Malaysia. A new, face- and content-validated questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of 206 students responded to the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 86.6%. Overall, participants demonstrated positive attitudes towards vaccination (n = 185, 89.9%). Only a minority of respondents expressed an opposition to vaccination (n = 21, 10.2%). Religious factors (permissibility) of vaccines (n = 12, 57.1%) and harm associated with the vaccine (n = 13, 61.9%) were the most common reasons for not supporting vaccination among the non-supporters. Most (n = 135, 65.5%) respondents agreed that vaccination is parallel with the Islamic concept of protecting life and preventing harm. Almost half of the respondents (n = 98, 47.6%) admit to declaring "Fatwa" to oblige parents to vaccinate their children. Religious beliefs and safety issues surrounding immunisation were reported as the major barriers for the support of immunisation. Well-designed programs are recommended to reshape the religious beliefs and convictions among students toward vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan Mohamed Elkalmi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sebha, Sebha, Libya.
| | - Shazia Qassim Jamshed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 22200, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Azyyati Mohd Suhaimi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Burke PF, Masters D, Massey G. Enablers and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake: An international study of perceptions and intentions. Vaccine 2021; 39:5116-5128. [PMID: 34340856 PMCID: PMC8299222 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of COVID-19 vaccines is occurring at unprecedented speeds, but require high coverage rates to be successful. This research examines individuals’ psychological beliefs that may act as enablers and barriers to vaccination intentions. Using the health beliefs model as a guide to our conceptual framework, we explore factors influencing vaccine hesitancy and health beliefs regarding risks and severity of the disease, along with individual variables such as income, age, religion, altruism, and collectivism. A questionnaire using newly created measures for various antecedents provided 4303 usable responses from Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, and the United States. A factor analytic and structural equation model indicates that trust in vaccine approval, the perceived effectiveness of the vaccine for protecting others, and conspiracy beliefs are the most significant drivers of intentions to vaccinate. Older people, those seeking employment, and those who have received a recent influenza vaccine are more likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The findings have implications for improving communication strategies targeting individuals about the merits of vaccination, particularly focusing on younger individuals and expanded message framing to include altruistic considerations, and to improve government transparency regarding the effectiveness and side effects of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Burke
- Faculty of Business, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
| | - Daniel Masters
- Centre for Business Intelligence and Data Analytics (BIDA), University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
| | - Graham Massey
- Faculty of Business, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
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Nafilyan V, Dolby T, Razieh C, Gaughan CH, Morgan J, Ayoubkhani D, Walker S, Khunti K, Glickman M, Yates T. Sociodemographic inequality in COVID-19 vaccination coverage among elderly adults in England: a national linked data study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053402. [PMID: 34301672 PMCID: PMC8313303 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination rates among elderly adults in England. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING People living in private households and communal establishments in England. PARTICIPANTS 6 655 672 adults aged ≥70 years (mean 78.8 years, 55.2% women) who were alive on 15 March 2021. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Having received the first dose of a vaccine against COVID-19 by 15 March 2021. We calculated vaccination rates and estimated unadjusted and adjusted ORs using logistic regression models. RESULTS By 15 March 2021, 93.2% of people living in England aged 70 years and over had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. While vaccination rates differed across all factors considered apart from sex, the greatest disparities were seen between ethnic and religious groups. The lowest rates were in people of black African and black Caribbean ethnic backgrounds, where only 67.2% and 73.8% had received a vaccine, with adjusted odds of not being vaccinated at 5.01 (95% CI 4.86 to 5.16) and 4.85 (4.75 to 4.96) times greater than the white British group. The proportion of individuals self-identifying as Muslim and Buddhist who had received a vaccine was 79.1% and 84.1%, respectively. Older age, greater area deprivation, less advantaged socioeconomic position (proxied by living in a rented home), being disabled and living either alone or in a multigenerational household were also associated with higher odds of not having received the vaccine. CONCLUSION Research is now urgently needed to understand why disparities exist in these groups and how they can best be addressed through public health policy and community engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahe Nafilyan
- Health Analysis and Life Event, Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
- Faculty of Public Health, Environment and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ted Dolby
- Health Analysis and Life Event, Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
| | - Cameron Razieh
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leceister, UK
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Jasper Morgan
- Health Analysis and Life Event, Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
| | | | - Sarah Walker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leceister, UK
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Myer Glickman
- Health Analysis and Life Event, Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leceister, UK
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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46
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Zulkarnain NN, Anuar N, Abd Rahman N, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Alias MN, Yaacob M, Ma Z, Ding G. Cell-based influenza vaccine: current production, halal status assessment, and recommendations towards Islamic-compliant manufacturing. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2158-2168. [PMID: 33539195 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1865044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is a life-threatening pathogen that infects millions of people every year, with annual mortality in the hundreds of thousands. The scenario for controlling infection has worsened with increasing numbers of vaccine hesitancy cases reported worldwide due to objections on safety, religious and other grounds. Uses of haram (impermissible) and mashbooh (doubtful) ingredients in vaccine production has raised doubts among Muslim consumers and consequently stimulated serious vaccine hesitancy. To address this major problem, we have reviewed and recommended some alternatives appropriate for manufacturing cell-based influenza vaccine which comply with Islamic laws and consumers' needs. Intensive assessments of current influenza vaccine production in both scientific and Islamic views have led to the identification of four main ingredients deemed impermissible in novel sharia-compliant (approved by Islamic laws) vaccine manufacturing. Only some of these impermissible components could be replaced with halal (permissible) alternatives, while others remain impermissible due to unavailability and unsuitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Nadiah Zulkarnain
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurina Anuar
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Abd Rahman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nazir Alias
- Centre for Contemporary Fiqh and Sharia Compliance, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mashitoh Yaacob
- Centre for Liberal Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Biomedical Research Centre, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Gongtao Ding
- Biomedical Research Centre, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Confer SV, Diller JW, Danforth JS. A Behavior-Analytic Approach to Antivaccination Practices. BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES 2021; 30:648-665. [PMID: 38624918 PMCID: PMC8186869 DOI: 10.1007/s42822-021-00051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in outbreaks of diseases that are preventable by vaccination. As vaccination involves behavior, behavior analysts are uniquely positioned to contribute solutions to this socially significant problem. The present article explores a behavior-analytic approach to understanding the function of the behavior of both people who have their children vaccinated and those who do not have their children vaccinated, and potential interventions to increase vaccination rates. An introduction to the problem is followed by a brief history of the antivaccination movement. In our analysis, a failure to vaccinate is conceptualized as a noncompliance response (i.e., medical nonadherence), and conditions giving rise to that noncompliance are evaluated. In this process, the roles of avoidance, the functional-altering impact of rule-governed behavior, relational frames, and countercontrol are considered. Potential solutions informed by applied behavior-analytic literature, including contingency management and behavioral safety, are discussed.
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48
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Williams JTB, Miller A, Nussbaum AM. Combating Contagion and Injustice: The Shared Work for Public Health and Faith Communities During COVID-19. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:1436-1445. [PMID: 33772686 PMCID: PMC7998086 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Faith communities are uniquely positioned for essential public health work to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and address the chronic pre-existing health disparities that have been exacerbated by COVID-19. Specifically, faith communities can (1) dialogue with public health communities, developing internal policies and meeting guidelines consistent with evidence-based recommendations and their own faith traditions, (2) bolster religious daycare and parochial school immunization policies, and (3) partner with faith-based organizations through financial support and volunteer hours. This essential work will complement governmental public health approaches and ensure faith communities can assist with future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T B Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health Medical Center, 301 W 6th Avenue, MC 1911, Denver, CO, 80204, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | | | - Abraham M Nussbaum
- Department of Behavioral Health, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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"If a rabbi did say 'you have to vaccinate,' we wouldn't": Unveiling the secular logics of religious exemption and opposition to vaccination. Soc Sci Med 2021; 280:114052. [PMID: 34051560 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining 'faith' in vaccination has emerged as a public health challenge amidst outbreaks of preventable disease among religious minorities and rising claims to 'exemption' from vaccine mandates. Outbreaks of measles and coronavirus have been particularly acute among Orthodox Jewish neighbourhoods in North America, Europe and Israel, yet no comparative studies have been conducted to discern the shared and situated influences on vaccine decision-making. This paper synthesises qualitative research into vaccine decision-making among Orthodox Jews in the United Kingdom and Israel during the 2014-15 and 2018-19 measles epidemics, and 2020-21 coronavirus pandemic. The methods integrate 66 semi-structured informal interviews conducted with parents, formal and informal healthcare practitioners, and religious leaders, as well as analysis of tailored non-vaccination advocacy events and literature. The paper argues that the discourse of 'religious' exemption and opposition to vaccination obscures the diverse practices and philosophies that inform vaccine decisions, and how religious law and leaders form a contingent influence. Rather than viewing religion as the primary framework through which vaccine decisions are made, Orthodox Jewish parents were more concerned with safety, trust and choice in similar ways to 'secular' logics of non-vaccination. Yet, religious frameworks were mobilised, and at times politicised, to suit medico-legal discourse of 'exemption' from coercive or mandatory vaccine policies. By conceptualising tensions around protection as 'political immunities,' the paper offers a model to inform social science understandings of how health, law and religion intersect in contemporary vaccine opposition.
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50
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Myths and conspiracy theories on vaccines and COVID-19: Potential effect on global vaccine refusals. VACUNAS (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021. [PMCID: PMC8220986 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the international crises and researchers are working collaboratively to develop a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine. The World Health Organization recognizes vaccine hesitancy as the world's top threat to public health safety, particularly in low middle-income countries. Vaccine hesitancy can be due to a lack of knowledge, false religious beliefs, or anti-vaccine misinformation. The current situation regarding anti-vaccine beliefs is pointing towards dreadful outcomes. It raises the concern that will people believe and accept the new COVID-19 vaccines despite all anti-vaccine movements and COVID-19-related myths and conspiracy theories. This review discusses the possible detrimental impacts of myths and conspiracy theories related to COVID-19 and vaccine on COVID-19 vaccine refusals as well as other vaccine programs.
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