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Ma H, Reynolds-Tylus T. Dynamic Norms and Vaping: A Test of Four Mediators. Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39171828 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2392535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of vaping among young people is a public health crisis. Social norms can contribute to the problem, but also to the solution. Objective: The current study examined young adults' responses to anti-vaping messages that varied on two features: social norms and behavioral framing. Methods: College students (N = 270) were randomly assigned to one of five conditions in a 2 (social norm: dynamic norm, static norm) X 2 (behavioral framing: vaping, not vaping) between-subjects factorial design with a no message control condition (n range = 49-58 in each condition). Results: Independent samples t-test, univariate analysis of variance, and structural equation modeling were used to test hypotheses and answer research questions. Results showed main effects of social norm, such that the dynamic (vs. static) norm message led to higher preconformity (p <.001) and self-efficacy (p = .012), and lower freedom threat (p = .040) and reactance (p < .001). There was also an indirect effect of dynamic norm on attitude as mediated by self-efficacy (p = .040). No main effect of behavioral framing was observed. Few interactions between social norm and behavioral framing were observed on preconformity (p < .001), anger (p < .001), and negative cognitions (p = .003). Conclusion: Overall, findings suggest a persuasive advantage for a dynamic norm relative to a static norm. Theoretically, these findings add to the literature suggesting the persuasiveness of dynamic norms. Practically, these results imply anti-vaping campaigns targeting young populations should communicate the changing (dynamic) norms in regard to (not) vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Ma
- College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, Texas, USA
| | - Tobias Reynolds-Tylus
- School of Communication Studies, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
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2
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Anino CO, Sanga P. Usage of social media and Covid 19 vaccine hesitancy among medical students in Kericho County. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003529. [PMID: 39173009 PMCID: PMC11341036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The recent Covid 19 pandemic revealed the global challenge posed by infectious diseases. Vaccines are a crucial tool in preventing pandemics, as evidenced by their success in controlling past outbreaks. The rise of information and communication technology has introduced social media platforms as potential game-changers in both preventing and managing future pandemics. However, these same platforms can also be a double-edged sword, hindering the uptake of essential vaccination services. This study investigated the association between social media use and vaccine hesitancy among medical students. The study was designed as an institution based cross sectional study of 423 medical students in Kenya Medical Training College and University of Kabianga in Kericho County. Stratified sampling was used to decide on the two institutions and systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants. Research administered questionnaires were used to collect data on the socio-demographic characteristics, use of social media platforms, social media campaigns, and uptake of Covid 19 vaccines. The collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Chi square was used to establish the association between the independent variables and uptake of Covid 19 vaccines. The variables that were significantly associated with hesitancy to Covid 19 vaccines were further analyzed using binary logistic regression. The confidence interval (CI) was set at 95% and statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. The study found significant associations between vaccine hesitancy and several factors, including academic level, preferred social media platform, the influence of social media on attitudes towards vaccines, concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy, and confidence in vaccines. The findings present social media as a potential platform for promotion of vaccines utilization during pandemics when used well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Sanga
- Department of Community Health, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
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3
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Terry DL, Hui PA, Terry CP, Trabold A. Vaccine hesitancy among college students and individuals seeking healthcare: A social norms perspective. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1672-1677. [PMID: 35728070 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2086009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health behavior research suggests that perceived social norms impact health decisions. This study aimed to (a) examine reasons for vaccine hesitancy among a sample of college students compared to a clinical sample (b) examine the accuracy of perceptions of others' receptivity and intention to seek out the COVID-19 vaccine, and (c) determine whether greater self-other normative discrepancies (SODs) were associated with increased likelihood to seek out the COVID-19 vaccine. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 227 students at a Northeastern private college and 140 patients seeking medical care. METHODS College students completed an online, anonymous survey. Patients completed a paper-and-pencil survey distributed at appointment check-in. RESULTS Compared to their perceptions of others, participants had more positive beliefs about vaccines. The most common reason prompting individuals to seek out the vaccine was to return to "normal life." CONCLUSIONS Future research might examine use of social norms interventions to decrease vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Terry
- Behavioral Science, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, One Guthrie Square, Sayre, PA, USA
| | - Patricia A Hui
- Behavioral Science, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, One Guthrie Square, Sayre, PA, USA
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4
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Girardini NA, Stopczynski A, Baranov O, Betsch C, Brockmann D, Lehmann S, Böhm R. Using smartphones to study vaccination decisions in the wild. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2024; 3:e0000550. [PMID: 39116047 PMCID: PMC11309433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
One of the most important tools available to limit the spread and impact of infectious diseases is vaccination. It is therefore important to understand what factors determine people's vaccination decisions. To this end, previous behavioural research made use of, (i) controlled but often abstract or hypothetical studies (e.g., vignettes) or, (ii) realistic but typically less flexible studies that make it difficult to understand individual decision processes (e.g., clinical trials). Combining the best of these approaches, we propose integrating real-world Bluetooth contacts via smartphones in several rounds of a game scenario, as a novel methodology to study vaccination decisions and disease spread. In our 12-week proof-of-concept study conducted with N = 494 students, we found that participants strongly responded to some of the information provided to them during or after each decision round, particularly those related to their individual health outcomes. In contrast, information related to others' decisions and outcomes (e.g., the number of vaccinated or infected individuals) appeared to be less important. We discuss the potential of this novel method and point to fruitful areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Alessandro Girardini
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science (DISI), University of Trento, Italy
- Mobile and Social Computing Lab (MobS), Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy
| | | | - Olga Baranov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Betsch
- Health Communication, Implementation Science, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Germany
- Health Communication, Institute for Planetary Health Behaviour, University of Erfurt, Germany
| | - Dirk Brockmann
- Center Synergy of Systems AND Center for Interdisciplinary Digital Sciences AND Faculty of Biology AND Faculty of Physics, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sune Lehmann
- Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science (SODAS), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Robert Böhm
- Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science (SODAS), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Thompson O, Cristea M, Tamariz M. COVID-19 vaccination attitudes and uptake: A sociocultural perspective focusing on parents and peers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300771. [PMID: 39078859 PMCID: PMC11288458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The global fight against the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the critical importance of widespread vaccination to mitigate the impact of the virus on public health. The current study aimed to investigate which social influences might be most important for predicting attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine uptake among young students in the UK. We focused on the cultural evolution and social transmission aspects, i.e., parent-to-child versus peer-to-peer, of attitudes and vaccine uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 192 UK students (aged 18 to 35 years old) filled in an online survey including measures for attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine uptake and/or intention, age, and gender. Participants were also asked about their mother's, father's, and best friend's attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine uptake. Finally, they provided a subjective measure of the quality relationship with their parents. Overall, our results suggest that both parents and very close friends are important agents in understanding the students' attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine uptake. More specifically, our findings suggest the mother's vaccine uptake as the most salient predictor of students' attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine uptake, particularly when the students report having a positive relationship with their parents. In cases where students' experience negative relationship with their parents, the best friend's vaccine uptake may supersede the mother's influence. Despite these nuances, a general trend emerges from our data suggesting that vaccine uptake could be primarily guided by vertical transmission (i.e., parent to child). Our results have the potential to influence public health strategies, communication campaigns, and targeted interventions to enhance vaccination uptake. Identifying key social predictors can enable policymakers and health authorities to tailor vaccination promotion efforts towards mothers' and peers' vaccine uptake to increase overall positive attitudes and vaccine uptake among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mioara Cristea
- Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Tamariz
- Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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6
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Anderson S, Kuter BJ, Brien K, Bauerle Bass S, Gutierrez L, Winters S, Whitfield C, Moser CA, Faig W. Perceptions of vaccine requirements among students at four Pennsylvania universities. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00801-6. [PMID: 39025697 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students have a unique perspective on vaccination because of their recent or perhaps newly acquired autonomy and ability to make health-related decisions. The development of the COVID-19 vaccine in 2020 and its implementation over the past few years was accompanied by much information and communication about vaccination requirements and safety, which may have affected students' perspectives on vaccination and vaccine requirements more broadly. This analysis describes current vaccine policies at several universities and evaluates student respondents' perceptions of and agreement with university vaccine requirements. METHODS A 32-question survey was administered to undergraduate, graduate, and professional students attending four Pennsylvania universities in March-May 2023; 2,223 students responded to the survey. The survey included questions about vaccine requirements, agreement with vaccine requirements, and knowledge of selected vaccines. These responses were compared with the actual vaccine requirements and recommendations of the four universities. RESULTS Most respondents agreed with university vaccine requirements, though knowledge of those requirements varied, with many unaware of which were required. University requirement of the COVID-19 vaccine was not associated with being vaccinated for COVID-19. However, while the requirement itself was not related to vaccine uptake, respondents' perception of a requirement was. Respondents were more likely to report COVID-19 vaccination and influenza vaccination if they believed their university required those vaccines. Respondents were more likely to approve of a vaccine requirement if their perception was that their university required that vaccine. CONCLUSIONS Overall, student respondents were supportive of their institution's vaccine requirements, but many lacked information about those requirements. Clear messaging using multiple modes of communication about vaccines and vaccine requirements may improve students' knowledge of vaccines and result in a corresponding increase in vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara J Kuter
- Vaccine Education Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kate Brien
- Vaccine Education Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Charlotte A Moser
- Vaccine Education Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter Faig
- Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Stefkovics Á, Albert F, Ligeti AS, Dávid B, Rudas S, Koltai J. Vaccination homophily in ego contact networks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15515. [PMID: 38969667 PMCID: PMC11226437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is an inevitable risk for societies as it contributes to outbreaks of diseases. Prior research suggests that vaccination decisions of individuals tend to spread within social networks, resulting in a tendency to vaccination homophily. The clustering of individuals resistant to vaccination can substantially make the threshold necessary to achieve herd immunity harder to reach. In this study, we examined the extent of vaccination homophily among social contacts and its association with vaccine uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary using a contact diary approach in two cross-sectional surveys. The results indicate strong clustering among both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. The most powerful predictor of vaccine uptake was the perceived vaccination rate within the egos' social contact network. Vaccination homophily and the role of the interpersonal contact network in vaccine uptake were particularly pronounced in the networks of close relationships, including family, kinship, and strong social ties of the ego. Our findings have important implications for understanding COVID-19 spread dynamics by showing that the strong clustering of unvaccinated individuals posed a great risk in preventing the spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Stefkovics
- National Laboratory for Health Security, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- IQSS, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fruzsina Albert
- Institute for Sociology, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Sára Ligeti
- National Laboratory for Health Security, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Dávid
- Institute for Sociology, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Rudas
- National Laboratory for Health Security, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Koltai
- National Laboratory for Health Security, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Social Research Methodology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Rosenblum HG, Segaloff HE, Cole D, Lee CC, Currie DW, Abedi GR, Remington PL, Kelly GP, Pitts C, Langolf K, Kahrs J, Leibold K, Westergaard RP, Hsu CH, Kirking HL, Tate JE. Behaviors and attitudes of college students during an academic semester at two Wisconsin universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1450-1457. [PMID: 35776927 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterize college student COVID-19 behaviors and attitudes during the early pandemic. Participants: Students on two university campuses in Wisconsin. METHODS Surveys administered in September and November 2020. RESULTS Few students (3-19%) participated in most in-person activities during the semester, with eating at restaurants as the exception (72-80%) and attending work (35%) and parties (33%) also reported more frequently. The majority wore masks in public (94-99%), but comparatively fewer (42%) did so at parties. Mask-wearing at parties decreased from September to November (p < 0.05). Students attending parties, or consuming more alcohol, were less concerned and more likely to take COVID-19-associated risks. CONCLUSIONS Students were motivated to adhere to COVID-19 prevention measures but gathered socially. Though there was frequent public masking, mask-wearing at parties declined in November and may represent pandemic fatigue. High-yield strategies for decreasing viral spread may include changing masking social norms and engaging with students about creative risk-reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Rosenblum
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hannah E Segaloff
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Devlin Cole
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christine C Lee
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dustin W Currie
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Glen R Abedi
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Patrick L Remington
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - G Patrick Kelly
- University Health Services, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Collin Pitts
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University Health Services, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Juliana Kahrs
- University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kurt Leibold
- University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan P Westergaard
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christopher H Hsu
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hannah L Kirking
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Tate
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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9
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Lazić A, Žeželj I. Negativity in online news coverage of vaccination rates in Serbia: a content analysis. Psychol Health 2024; 39:895-913. [PMID: 36097724 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2121962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This content analysis study explored how online news media communicates and frames vaccination rates and herd immunity (the effect where enough people are immune, the virus is contained). METHODS We analyzed 160 vaccination-related news stories by nine highest-trafficked news websites in Serbia, published July-December 2017, around the start of the measles outbreak. We coded both the news story as a whole and every vaccination-rate mention (N = 339). RESULTS News stories framed current vaccination rates and changes in them in a predominantly negative way (175/241 and 67/98 mentions, respectively) (e.g., "only 50% vaccinated", "fewer parents vaccinating their children"), especially when referring to the measles vaccine (202/262 mentions). A total of 23/86 of news stories mentioning vaccination rates did not provide any numerical values. Reference groups for vaccination rates were rarely specified. Out of the 32 news stories mentioning herd immunity, 11 explained the effect. CONCLUSIONS Even routine communication of vaccination rates can be biased through negative frames and imprecise descriptions. Lamenting low immunization rates could activate a negative descriptive social norm ("many people are not getting vaccinated"), which may be especially ill-advised in the absence of an explanation of the social benefit of achieving herd immunity through vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Lazić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iris Žeželj
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Clay-Warner J, Tinkler J, Groh SM, Smith KM, Potter S. What Will People Think? How College Students Evaluate Bystander Intervention Behavior. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241259008. [PMID: 38910537 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241259008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Many colleges utilize bystander intervention programs to address gender-based violence. The goal of these programs is to help students overcome barriers to intervention, including evaluation inhibition, which occurs when bystanders expect to be viewed negatively for intervening. We have limited information, though, on how college students evaluate bystanders who intervene. Specifically, we do not know whether evaluations of bystanders who engage in different levels of intervention vary across situations or how men and women who intervene similarly are evaluated. Without this information, it is difficult to design prevention programs that help bystanders overcome evaluation inhibition. To gather this information, we conducted a vignette experiment with college student participants (n = 82). We specifically examined how students evaluated the reasonableness of male and female bystanders who engaged in different behaviors (direct intervention and threatening to tell an authority, direct intervention only, indirect intervention, doing nothing) across four situations (assault at a party, workplace harassment, harassment by a teaching assistant, and intimate partner violence). Analyses of variance found that there was situational variability in how the bystander is evaluated for different intervention tactics, though bystanders who did nothing were always evaluated the most negatively. Bystander's gender, however, did not affect evaluations, suggesting that intervention expectations for men and women are similar. These results indicate that while there is an underlying norm supportive of intervention behavior, situational characteristics influence whether college students think it is reasonable to call authorities, confront the perpetrator, or engage in indirect intervention. The central implication of this study is that bystander intervention training should provide opportunities for students to practice intervention behaviors across a wide variety of situations of gender-based violence in order build up their store of intervention tactics, thus increasing their ability to overcome evaluation inhibition.
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Evans WD, Bingenheimer JB, Long MW, Ndiaye K, Donati D, Rao NM, Akaba S, Agha S. Randomised experimental evaluation of a social media campaign to promote COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria. J Glob Health 2024; 14:05018. [PMID: 38779876 PMCID: PMC11112529 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.05018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged public health and behaviour change programmes, and has led to the development of innovative interventions and research. In low -and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Nigeria, new strategies to promote vaccination, increase pro-vaccination social norms, and reduce vaccine hesitancy have been deployed through social media campaigns and evaluated using digital media platforms. Methods We conducted two randomised experimental evaluations of social media content designed to promote COVID-19 vaccination and to complement research on a nationwide vaccination promotion campaign in Nigeria run in 2022. We conducted two studies in March and August 2022 among Nigerians drawn from 31 states that had not been targeted in the aforementioned nationwide campaign. We randomised the participants to either receive the pro-vaccination social media campaign or not and collected data at pre- and post-test time points to evaluate psychosocial predictors of vaccination and vaccination outcomes following the Theory of Change based on Diffusion of Innovations; the Social Norms Theory, and the Motivation, Opportunity, Ability (MOA) framework. Data were collected through a novel intervention delivery and data collection platform through social media. Results We found that pro-vaccination social norms and vaccination rates increased, while vaccine hesitancy decreased among participants randomised to the social media intervention study arm. Conclusions Social media campaigns are a promising approach to increasing vaccination at scale in LMICs, while social norms are an important factor in promoting vaccination, which is consistent with the Social Norms Theory. This study demonstrates the capability and potential of new social media-based data collection techniques. We describe implications for future vaccination campaigns and identify future research priorities in this area. Registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry: PACTR202310811597445.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Evans
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Jeffrey B Bingenheimer
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Michael W Long
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Khadidiatou Ndiaye
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Dante Donati
- School of Business, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | - Selinam Akaba
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Sohail Agha
- Behavioral Insights Lab, Seattle, Washington, USA
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12
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Chinn S, Hasell A. How Different Uses of Social Media Inform Perceptions of Offline Social Norms and Changes in Vaccine Intentions. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:1198-1208. [PMID: 37143302 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2207284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As the boundaries between our online and offline lives are increasingly blurred, it is important to attend to the ways in which online behaviors shape our offline perceptions and actions. While a great deal of health communication research has examined the effects of exposure to specific social media content, it is also important to investigate how broader patterns of everyday social media use may affect perceptions of health norms and behaviors in different ways. In this panel survey, we explored how using social media for informational, connection, and aspirational purposes affected perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination norms and changes in vaccine intentions between December 2020 and March 2021 in the US Using social media to seek information and to connect with others positively influenced vaccine intentions via strengthening perceptions of offline social norms supporting vaccination. These findings highlight how social media use is integrated with and informs our offline lives, as well as the important role apolitical social media use plays in shaping attitudes toward politicized science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedona Chinn
- Department of Life Sciences Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Ariel Hasell
- Department of Communication and Media, University of Michigan
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13
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Kim J, Eys M, Robertson-Wilson J. Injunctive norms as social pressures: Does autonomy support moderate the relationship between injunctive norms and autonomy satisfaction in physical activity? Psychol Health 2024; 39:594-612. [PMID: 35757927 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2089885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Despite the usefulness of social norms for changing behaviour, injunctive norms (i.e., perceptions of what others approve) from significant others tend to be a weak predictor of physical activity (PA) engagement. A potential explanation is that injunctive norms encompass pressuring social influence that undermines autonomous PA engagement. This study examined whether injunctive norms from significant others undermine individuals' autonomy satisfaction during the pursuit of PA engagement, and whether this effect is moderated by the degree to which significant others offer concurrent autonomy support. Design: Online questionnaires. Measures: Participants' perceptions of injunctive norms and autonomy support from significant others, autonomy satisfaction, behaviour regulation, PA intentions, and weekly PA frequency were assessed at baseline (N = 497) and after two weeks (N = 351). Results: Autonomy support positively related to autonomy satisfaction, whereas injunctive norms were negatively related to autonomy satisfaction. Though the statistical significance of interaction effects was inconsistent across results, simple slopes suggested that the negative relationship between injunctive norms and autonomy satisfaction was attenuated at higher levels of autonomy support in models focusing on influence from parents and friends. Conclusion: When promoting others' PA, communicating direct social expectations/pressures may be ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeemin Kim
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Eys
- Departments of Kinesiology/Physical Education and Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
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Tirion ASC, Mulder LB, Kurz T, Koudenburg N, Prosser AMB, Bain P, Bolderdijk JW. The sound of silence: The importance of bystander support for confronters in the prevention of norm erosion. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 63:909-935. [PMID: 38100197 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Observing deviant behaviour can lead to 'norm erosion', where a norm is no longer seen as relevant and compliance with it is reduced. Previous research argues that social confrontations can mitigate norm erosion. However, this work has not considered the impact of bystanders to confrontations, who might influence the outcome by supporting-or failing to support-the person confronting a social rule breaker. We examine the effect of bystanders' reactions on preventing norm erosion across three experimental studies. We examined how supportive and non-supportive bystander reactions to a confronter impacted the perceived strength of a prosocial norm among participants and their behavioural intentions. We find that when bystanders explicitly supported the confronter against the rule breaker, the norm was perceived as stronger-and sometimes, compliance intentions were higher-than when bystanders did not respond to the confronter. A mini meta-analysis across the three studies reveals that the effect of bystander support on perceived norm strength is large and robust. Our work demonstrates that for the prevention of norm erosion, confrontations benefit greatly from being explicitly supported by bystanders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laetitia B Mulder
- Department of Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Kurz
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Namkje Koudenburg
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annayah M B Prosser
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Paul Bain
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Jan Willem Bolderdijk
- Amsterdam Business School, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Borgmann A, Petrie KJ, Seewald A, Shedden-Mora M. Can side effect expectations be assessed implicitly? A comparison of explicit and implicit expectations of vaccination side effects. J Psychosom Res 2024; 179:111616. [PMID: 38401222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment expectations alter the probability of experiencing unpleasant side effects from an intervention, including vaccinations. To date, expectations have mostly been assessed explicitly bearing the risk of bias. This study aims to compare implicit expectations of side effects from COVID-19 and flu vaccinations and to examine their relationships with vaccine attitudes and intentions. METHODS N = 248 participants took part in a cross-sectional online survey assessing explicit and implicit expectations, as well as vaccine-related attitudes and personal characteristics. A Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT) was developed to assess implicit side effect expectations. Explicit side effect expectations were measured with the Treatment Expectation Questionnaire (TEX-Q). RESULTS Whereas explicit and implicit expectations regarding COVID-19 vaccine were significantly correlated (r = -0.325, p < .001), those correlations could not be found regarding flu vaccine (r = -0.072, p = .32). Explicit measures (COVID-19: β = -0.576, p < .001; flu: β = -0.301, p < .001) predicted the intention to receive further vaccinations more than implicit measures (COVID-19: β = -0.005, p = .93; flu: β = 0.004, p = .96). Explicit measures (COVID-19: OR = 0.360, p < .001; flu: OR = 0.819, p = .03) predicted vaccination status, while implicit measures did not (COVID- 19: OR = 2.643, p = .35; flu: OR = 0.829, p = .61). CONCLUSION Expectations to experience side effects from vaccinations can be measured implicitly, in addition to explicit measures. Further investigation needs to determine the relative contribution and additive value of using implicit measures to assess treatment expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Borgmann
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Keith J Petrie
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Seewald
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Meike Shedden-Mora
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Kuter BJ, Brien K, Anderson S, Bass SB, Gutierrez L, Winters S, Eichenlaub B, Whitfield C, Faig W. COVID-19 vaccine perspectives and uptake among university students three years into the pandemic. Vaccine 2024; 42:1745-1756. [PMID: 38365478 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students have been uniquely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic for the past three years (2020-2023). Understanding their COVID-19 perspectives, beliefs, and vaccine uptake may help to improve future vaccine initiatives and education. METHODS A cross sectional, confidential, online survey was conducted at four universities in Pennsylvania in spring 2023 to assess undergraduate, graduate, and professional students' perspectives regarding their knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines, importance of COVID-19 vaccines and mandates, number of doses of COVID-19 vaccine received including the recent BA.4/BA.5 bivalent booster, where they were vaccinated, receipt of influenza vaccine, and sources of information used to make decisions about COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS Vaccination for COVID-19 was considered important by 75 % of 2223 students surveyed; 68 % agreed with mandating COVID-19 vaccine. Over 89 % were fully COVID-19 vaccinated (≥2 doses), 65 % were up-to-date (≥3 doses), but only 35 % had received the BA.4/BA.5 booster. Students who considered COVID-19 vaccine important were generally older, female, and non-business majors. Higher rates of up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination were found in those who received influenza vaccine in 2022-2023, females, Asians, doctoral or professional students, those attending larger universities, non-US residents, and those interested in learning more about COVID-19 vaccines. Most trusted sources of information on COVID-19 vaccines were the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, healthcare providers, and parents; the least trusted sources were social media, television, and the internet. CONCLUSIONS The majority of university students agreed that COVID-19 vaccination is important and supported COVID-19 mandates. While the rate of fully vaccinated and up-to-date students was similar to the US adult population, the latter rate needs improvement. Receipt of the BA.4/BA.5 booster was particularly low. Further education is needed to improve vaccine knowledge, especially as we move to periodic boosters. Business majors, males, and younger students may benefit from increased on-campus vaccine education initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Kuter
- Vaccine Education Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kate Brien
- Vaccine Education Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Susannah Anderson
- Temple University, College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah Bauerle Bass
- Temple University, College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Walter Faig
- Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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17
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Ju Q, Xiao H, Peng H, Gan Y. How to Improve People's Intentions Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination in China: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s12529-024-10258-6. [PMID: 38378973 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-024-10258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global COVID-19 pandemic has impaired the health and living conditions of millions of people. For governments to formulate policies promoting vaccination behavior, it is important to understand individuals' intentions to vaccinate. This study explores the effectiveness of a brief online intervention based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) in improving individuals' COVID-19 vaccination intention, as well as considering the reasons for their unwillingness to get vaccinated. METHOD A total of 1,258 participants were assessed using a questionnaire to determine their phase of vaccination intention (pre-intention, intention, and action). Subsequently, focused on the underlying factors in the pre-intention phase (i.e., task self-efficacy, outcome expectation, and risk perception), a 7-day randomized controlled HAPA intervention (n intervention = 57, n control = 49) was conducted online for individuals who were not willing to get vaccinated. The measurement points included pre- (T1), post- (T2), and 30-day follow-up (T3). RESULTS The intervention may effectively improve participants' COVID-19 vaccination intentions; however, it had no impact on their planning and actions involved in taking the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS This study provides relevant reference data for government stakeholders to use in developing public awareness campaigns and policies to encourage COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ju
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Han Xiao
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huini Peng
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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18
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Memedovich A, Orr T, Hollis A, Salmon C, Hu J, Zinszer K, Williamson T, Beall RF. Social network risk factors and COVID-19 vaccination: A cross-sectional survey study. Vaccine 2024; 42:891-911. [PMID: 38238114 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social networks have an important impact on our health behaviours, including vaccination. People's vaccination beliefs tend to mirror those of their social network. As social networks are homogenous in many ways, we sought to determine in the context of COVID-19 which factors were most predictive of belonging to a mostly vaccinated or unvaccinated social group. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey among Canadian residents in November and December 2021. Participants were asked about the vaccination status of their social networks their beliefs relating to COVID-19, and various sociodemographic factors. Respondents were split into three groups based on social network vaccination: low-, medium-, and high-risk. Chi-squared tests tested associations between factors and risk groups, and an ordinal logistic model was created to determine their direction and strength. RESULTS Most respondents (81.1 %) were classified as low risk (i.e., a mostly vaccinated social network) and few respondents (3.7 %) were classified as high-risk (i.e., an unvaccinated social group). Both the chi-square test (29.2 % difference between the low- and high- risk groups [1.8 % vs. 31.0 %], p < 0.001) and the ordinal logistic model (odds ratio between the low- and high-risk groups: 14.45, p < 0.01) found that respondents' perceptions of COVID-19 as a "not at all serious" risk to Canadians was the most powerful predictor of belonging to a predominantly unvaccinated social circle. The model also found that those in mostly unvaccinated social circles also more often reported severe COVID-19 symptoms (odds ratio between the low- and high-risk groups: 2.26, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Perception of COVID-19 as a threat to others may signal communities with lower vaccination coverage and higher risk of severe outcomes. This may have implications for strategies to improve public outreach, messaging, and planning for downstream consequences of low intervention uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ally Memedovich
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine and O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Taylor Orr
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine and O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aidan Hollis
- Department of Economics, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Charleen Salmon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine and O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine and O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kate Zinszer
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre for Public Health Research, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Tyler Williamson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine and O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Reed F Beall
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine and O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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19
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Berry DM, Adams LM, Vytla SP. Vaccine hesitancy and hesitant adoption among nursing students in Texas. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102612. [PMID: 38375178 PMCID: PMC10874835 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As the state facing the second-largest nursing workforce shortage in the U.S. and low vaccination rates among residents early in the pandemic, Texas provided a unique opportunity to examine vaccine hesitancy and hesitant adoption among nursing students in an environment where state-level executive orders prohibited mandatory vaccinations. Methods The purpose of this study was to describe the level of vaccine hesitancy and hesitant adoption among nursing students in the state of Texas. We used a convenient, opt-in, online survey of nursing students conducted between mid-April and mid-June 2022. The survey was distributed to all pre-licensure nursing programs in Texas. Results The majority of survey respondents (n = 599) were between the ages of 18-28 (68 %), female (88 %) and white (57 %). Most received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccination (84 %). Of those receiving the vaccine, a high proportion (82 %) were identified as hesitant adopters. Respondents cited concerns about side effects (57 %) most frequently as the reason for vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion Given the worldwide nursing shortage, factors potentially impacting the future workforce, such as vaccine hesitancy and hesitant adoption, must be closely monitored. More research is needed to understand the concerns of nursing students and the motivations of hesitant and non-hesitant adopters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon M. Berry
- 3380 College Park Drive, Suite 400, The Woodlands, TX 77384, USA
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20
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Sharp M, Lozano P, Southworth A, Peters A, Lam H, Randal FT, Quinn M, Kim KE. Mixed methods approach to understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among immigrants in the Chicago. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(23)01508-6. [PMID: 38199924 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has been particularly high among immigrant populations, whose experience is shaped by a history of racism and discriminations, and distrust of the healthcare system. In this study we draw from the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among immigrants in Chicago. METHODS A mixed-methods approach comprising of both focus groups and a health survey was conducted from February to August 2022. Five focus groups were held (N = 35) among Black, Asian and Arab/Palestine participants to understand attitudes and beliefs around the COVID-19 vaccine. Focus groups were analyzed using a modified template approach to text analysis. Based on these findings and themes, we developed a survey that was conducted among 413 immigrants from the mentioned communities. We used hierarchical ordinal regression analyses to examine the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and vaccination status. RESULTS Qualitative analysis suggest that the major factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy included fear of adverse reactions, misinformation around COVID-19 and the vaccine, negative social norms around vaccination, and external pressure to get vaccinated. From our quantitative analysis we found that 24% of participants were unvaccinated, 5% were partially vaccinated, 32.3% were vaccinated but not boosted, and 39% were vaccinated and boosted for COVID-19. Hierarchical regression models suggest that immigrants who hold negative attitudes and social norms around the COVID-19 vaccine are less likely to vaccinate. CONCLUSIONS Understanding vaccine hesitancy among immigrants allows for the creation of culturally and linguistically tailored education that can be utilized to increase vaccine confidence and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Lozano
- University of Chicago Center for Asian Health Equity, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Aven Peters
- University of Chicago Center for Asian Health Equity, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Helen Lam
- University of Chicago Center for Asian Health Equity, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Michael Quinn
- University of Chicago Center for Asian Health Equity, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Karen E Kim
- University of Chicago Center for Asian Health Equity, Chicago, IL, United States
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21
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Valinsky D, Heymann AD, Albukrek D, Tsamir J, Zacay G. The critical factors for COVID-19 vaccination uptake are perceived vaccine effectiveness and the desire to protect others. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2265170. [PMID: 37846842 PMCID: PMC10583610 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2265170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of the population vaccinated in Israel against COVID-19 in 2021 was significantly higher than that of the annual uptake rates of the influenza vaccine over time. Understanding the reasons behind the high vaccination rate may facilitate maintaining these rates if annual COVID-19 vaccination is required. Using a mixed-methods design, we characterized the individuals who were vaccinated and studied their attitudes toward vaccines and motivators for the COVID-19 vaccine. The first part was a cross-sectional study of adults aged 65 and over who were vaccinated against COVID-19. We stratified them according to their annual influenza vaccination patterns, and compared variables such as age, gender, health status, and timing of COVID-19 vaccination. The second part consisted of a questionnaire administered to a subsample of the above population, inquiring about vaccine hesitancy, motivators for vaccination, and intention to be vaccinated in the future. We found that motivating factors for COVID-19 vaccination are similar between those who regularly vaccinate against influenza and those who don't. Internal motivators such as perceived vaccine effectiveness and the desire to protect others were stronger than external rewards or sanctions. High adherence to annual influenza vaccine recommendations was associated with earlier COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Respondents with lower adherence to influenza vaccines were more likely to demonstrate higher levels of vaccine hesitancy. These factors should be addressed in future vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Valinsky
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anthony D. Heymann
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Galia Zacay
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
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22
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Schrimpf A, Jentzsch A, Geier AK, Bleckwenn M. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Skepticism, Reasons, and Concerns Between Mass Vaccination Centers and General Practices in Germany 2021. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:2855-2870. [PMID: 37953979 PMCID: PMC10638907 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s433331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The reluctance to be vaccinated against COVID-19 has significantly curbed vaccine uptake. Unlike mass vaccination centers, general practitioners (GPs) might be able to address some of the patients' concerns through their long-term doctor-patient relationship. This study compared vaccination reasons, concerns and skepticism about vaccination, and perceived importance of the vaccine and its hypothetical value between vaccination centers and GP practices. Methods A survey was distributed (07/2021-10/2021) among newly vaccinated individuals in ten GP practices (n = 364) and two vaccine centers (n = 474). Results Participants in vaccine centers stated more prosocial and benefit-oriented reasons for vaccination, whereas participants in GP practices more often stated the GP's recommendation as the reason. Perceived importance of the vaccine in combating the pandemic was rated higher among individuals at vaccine centers and with higher health awareness and self-efficacy. Participants at both types of sites who preferred a GP for vaccination expressed more vaccination skepticism, which was also related to older age, more health risk concerns related to COVID-19 vaccines, and lower perceived importance of the vaccine. Conclusion Our results indicate opportunities for framing future vaccination campaigns that include vaccination centers. Additionally, a rapid GP involvement in future mass vaccinations might be crucial for overcoming attitudinal barriers and achieving higher vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schrimpf
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Jentzsch
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Geier
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Bleckwenn
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Wallace KF, Putnam NI, Chow E, Fernandes M, Clary KM, Goff SL. College students' experiences early in the COVID-19 pandemic: Applications for ongoing support. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2052-2061. [PMID: 34403622 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1954011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore U.S. college students' experiences during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS Students at a Northeastern public university. METHODS Participants were interviewed via videoconference between April 1 and May 31, 2020. Interviews were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed; analyzed using deductive and inductive approaches to thematic analysis. RESULTS 34 students (68% female; 56% racial/ethnic minority) participated. Deductively derived themes included: (1) trust/mistrust; (2) desire for change; (3) precarity; and (4) silver linings. Subthemes included variation in vaccine confidence, concern regarding inequalities, and anxiety about education. Building on deductively derived themes, we hypothesized that participation in change-oriented activities could benefit well-being and novel approaches to information dissemination may be needed to overcome institutional distrust. CONCLUSIONS This study offers insights into potential short and long-term pandemic impacts as well as mitigation strategies college and university faculty and administrations may consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate F Wallace
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natalia I Putnam
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eva Chow
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meghan Fernandes
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelsey M Clary
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah L Goff
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Hao F, Shao W. Social network, political climate, income inequality, and Americans uptake of monovalent COVID-19 booster. Vaccine 2023; 41:6077-6082. [PMID: 37652821 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented impact on Americans for over three years. To control the damage, a booster shot becomes increasingly necessary because the efficacy of the initial vaccine is waning and new variants of the virus are emerging. This study aims to understand factors at both individual and state levels that influence one's decision to take the monovalent booster. We merged data from a national survey administered in the Spring of 2022 with state-level indicators of the political climate, income inequality, and public health conditions. Multilevel logistic regression is adopted for statistical estimation. Findings show contrasting effects of the social network. More vaccinated people in one's network promote booster uptake, while more family members and close friends who contracted the virus in one's network inhibit booster uptake. In addition, residents of states with more votes for the Democratic candidate in the 2020 general election are more likely to take the booster. Meanwhile, residents from states with high income inequality are less likely to become boosted. This study identified multilevel determinants of the individual decision to receive the monovalent COVID-19 booster. The results imply the need to leverage the social network, weaken partisanship salience, and reduce income inequality to encourage booster uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hao
- Department of Sociology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
| | - Wanyun Shao
- Department of Geography, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, United States.
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25
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Dutta T, Agley J, Xiao Y, Golzarri-Arroyo L, Ali S. Students' COVID-19 vaccine behaviors, intentions, and beliefs at a US Native American-Serving Nontribal Institution (NASNTI). BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:175. [PMID: 37596676 PMCID: PMC10436491 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple national and international studies of college student COVID-19 vaccination have been recently published, providing important descriptive information and a conceptual basis to inform future decisions about infectious disease prevention in higher education settings. Yet almost no research has examined Native American-Serving Nontribal Institutions (NASNTIs), which occupy a unique space in US higher education in terms of structure and students served. To address that gap, this report describes results from a two-wave cross-sectional survey administered at a NASNTI in Durango, Colorado, as part of a larger study of COVID-19 campus response. Surveys were administered prior to (wave one) and following (wave two) statewide availability of the COVID-19 vaccine for ages 16+. Comparisons between waves used Cramer's V and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS A total of 283 students responded to wave one, and 186 responded to wave two. Notable results included a self-reported COVID-19 vaccination rate (40.1%) at wave one that far exceeded parallel national rates. Injunctive and disjunctive normative beliefs were also less supportive of vaccination among the unvaccinated at wave two compared to wave one. Findings from this study should be considered in the context of all available evidence and not used to make inferences in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapati Dutta
- Public Health Department, Fort Lewis College, 1000 Rim Drive, Schlessman Family Hall 2050, Durango, CO, 81301, USA
| | - Jon Agley
- Prevention Insights, Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University Bloomington, 809 E. 9th St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Yunyu Xiao
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, 425 E. 61 Street, DV 306, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University Bloomington, 2719 E. 10th St., Innovation Center Room 224, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Sumayyah Ali
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University Bloomington, 2719 E. 10th St., Innovation Center Room 224, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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Reyes CT, Cao W, Astorini AG, Drohan MM, Schulz CT, Shuster CL, Robbins ML, Yang M, Stamates AL. Using the theory of planned behavior to assess willingness and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination among a predominantly white U.S. college sample. Health Psychol Behav Med 2023; 11:2248236. [PMID: 37601893 PMCID: PMC10438853 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2023.2248236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Through the lens of behavioral models such as the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Health Belief Model, the present study (1) investigated U.S. university students' willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and (2) examined predictors (e.g. demographics, past vaccine experience, TPB constructs) of vaccine willingness. Method University students (n = 170) completed a survey assessing demographics, health behaviors, attitudes, perceived severity/susceptibility, norms, and vaccine intentions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from April 2020 through July 2020. Results Overall, 56.5% of participants indicated that they would be willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine once it is available, 39.4% were unsure of whether they would receive the vaccine, and 4.1% indicated they would not receive the vaccine. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that greater adherence to CDC guidelines (p = .030) and greater perceived pro-vaccine norms (p < .001) predicted greater vaccine willingness. Conclusions Results from this study are consistent with previous literature on vaccine hesitancy, whereby normative beliefs and adherence to CDC guidelines were found to be determinants of vaccine willingness. To reduce transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic, interventions aimed at promoting positive attitudes towards vaccination should aim to incorporate these observed determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheyenne T. Reyes
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Wenqiu Cao
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | | | - Megan M. Drohan
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | | | - Coral L. Shuster
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Mark L. Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Manshu Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Amy L. Stamates
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Sammut F, Suda D, Caruana MA, Bogolyubova O. COVID-19 vaccination attitudes across the European continent. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18903. [PMID: 37588607 PMCID: PMC10425897 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the predictors of COVID-19 vaccination attitudes across multiple waves in seven countries geographically spread across the European continent, using data from a COVID-19 survey provided by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology COVID-19. Facebook users from across the globe participated in this survey which collected information on their knowledge of COVID-19, attitudes towards risk and available information, and their willingness or lack thereof to take the vaccine. In this secondary data analysis study, neural networks were used with special attention given to the importance of the predictors of COVID-19 vaccination attitudes. Perception of social norms regarding COVID-19 vaccination was found to be the most important predictor of vaccine acceptance. Country of residence and wave of data collection were among the important predictors, with different patterns for each country emerging across different waves. Other strong predictors included attitudes towards masks and mask wearing; attitudes towards the influenza vaccine; distrust in government health authorities and scientists; and level of knowledge of existing treatments for COVID-19. The results of this study can inform effective public health prevention and intervention efforts against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Sammut
- Department of Statistics & Operations Research, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - David Suda
- Department of Statistics & Operations Research, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Mark Anthony Caruana
- Department of Statistics & Operations Research, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Olga Bogolyubova
- Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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Kollath-Cattano C, Hatteberg SJ, Petillo S, Giancaterini M. Correlates of and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine initiation and intention among US college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37437183 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2222843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine correlates of and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine initiation and intention among college students. PARTICIPANTS 1,171 students attending a public university in the South. METHODS Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the correlates of vaccine intention and initiation. Reasons for pursuing or foregoing vaccination were analyzed qualitatively using an inductive approach. RESULTS Among respondents, 44% had initiated vaccination, 38% intended to be vaccinated, and 18% were unsure about/unwilling to be vaccinated. Vaccine initiation and intention were both associated with 2019-2020 seasonal flu vaccination and political ideology, with conservative-leaning students having lower odds of vaccine initiation and of intention relative to liberal-leaning students. The most common reasons for vaccine initiation/intention and for vaccine hesitancy differed in frequency by political ideology. CONCLUSION The most effective vaccine promotion strategies may be those tailored to different social groups, virus-related beliefs/perceptions, and the specific concerns of vaccine hesitant students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Kollath-Cattano
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah J Hatteberg
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Samantha Petillo
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Morgan Giancaterini
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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29
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Fikadu W, Addissie A, Kifle A. Uptake of the COVID-19 Vaccination and Associated Factors Among Health Care Providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:4519-4534. [PMID: 37457793 PMCID: PMC10349570 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s416781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 vaccine is intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As a result, 12 billion doses of the COVID-19 vaccination have been given globally as of August 1, 2022. Due to occupational exposure, health professionals obtained priority for COVID-19 vaccination. However, despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccines in countries, there is a discrepancy in the uptake of vaccine among different populations including Health-Care Providers. Objective Assessments of the factors associated with uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among health-care providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2022. Methods From June 10 to July 10, 2022, a facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, involving 473 health-care professionals, used descriptive statistics to summarize the participant's characteristics, and multivariable logistic regression to analyze factors affecting COVID-19 vaccination uptake. P-value <0.05 was used to determine the level of significance. Results The response rate of the participants was 94.2%. The uptake rate of COVID-19 vaccine among health-care providers was 359 (75.8%). Vaccine uptake was positively associated with higher perceived concerns regarding COVID-19 [AOR = 7.45, (4.041-13.754)], higher monthly income, [AOR: 2.623 (1.398 -4.923)] compared those who earned lower, being married [AOR: 2.114, (1.068-4.181)] and being advanced age (36-45) years old [AOR =0.486 (0.258-0.916)] compared to 18-26 years old. However, being female professional reduced the odds of vaccine uptake [AOR = 0.486 (CI; 0.258-0.916)] in contrast of their counterpart. Conclusion The uptake of COVID-19 vaccine among health professionals is relatively higher than in earlier reports. However, this was not yet sufficient for the level required to achieve herd immunity. Hence, the Ministry of health should work in collaboration to address concerns about the safety and effectiveness of COVI D-19 vaccine to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Moreover, Health professionals, social media, regular media outlet should strengthen health education on concerns of covid-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worku Fikadu
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemt, Ethiopia
| | - Adamu Addissie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Awgichew Kifle
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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30
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Tu P, Smith D, Parker T, Pejavara K, Michener JL, Lin C. Parent-Child Vaccination Concordance and Its Relationship to Child Age, Parent Age and Education, and Perceived Social Norms. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1210. [PMID: 37515026 PMCID: PMC10384156 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers established that parental vaccination status often predicts that of their children, but a limited number of studies have examined factors influencing dyadic concordance or discordance (i.e., same or different vaccination status or intent for both members). We investigated how child versus parent age as well as parents' perceptions of their respective friends' immunization behavior impacted un/vaccinated parents' decisions regarding vaccinating their child. An online survey obtained the COVID-19 vaccination status and views of 762 parents of 5-17-year-old children. More than three-quarters of all dyads were concordant; 24.1% of vaccinated parents would not vaccinate their child, with greater hesitancy for younger children and among younger or less educated parents. Children of vaccinated parents and of parents who thought most of their child's friends were vaccinated were 4.7 and 1.9 times, respectively, more likely to be vaccinated; unvaccinated parents were 3.2 times more likely to accept the vaccine for their child if they believed most of their friends would vaccinate their children. Further, parents who reported that most of their friends were vaccinated were 1.9 times more likely to have obtained the vaccine themselves, illustrating the influence of social norms. Regardless of their own vaccination status, parents of unvaccinated children were more likely to be politically conservative. If communities or circles of friends could achieve or convey a vaccinated norm, this might persuade undecided or reluctant parents to vaccinate their children. Future research should examine the effects of community behavior and messages highlighting social norms on pediatric vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pikuei Tu
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Danielle Smith
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Taylor Parker
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kartik Pejavara
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - J Lloyd Michener
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Cheryl Lin
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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31
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Fedorova EV, Wong CF, Conn BM, Ataiants J, Lankenau SE. COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Attitudes Within Two Cohorts of Younger Adult Cannabis Users. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2023; 53:422-430. [PMID: 38603185 PMCID: PMC9527554 DOI: 10.1177/00220426221131488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is crucial to understand COVID-19 vaccine uptake and attitudes among young adult cannabis users given the lowest vaccination rates among young adults and negative association between cannabis use and willingness to get vaccinated. 18-21-year-old and 26-33-year-old cohorts of cannabis users, recruited in California, were surveyed about the COVID-19 vaccine uptake/attitudes between March-August 2021. Cannabis use/demographic differences were investigated by vaccination status. Vaccine attitudes data were categorized and presented descriptively. 44.4% of the older and 71.8% of the younger cohorts were vaccinated. Non-Hispanic Black/African American race/ethnicity, lack of health insurance, and medicinal orientation towards cannabis use were negatively associated with vaccine receipt within the older cohort. For both cohorts, top reasons for vaccine hesitancy and rejection were concerns about speed of development, potential side effects, natural immunity, and lack of trust of vaccines. Our results highlight greater vaccine hesitance/rejection and need for targeted interventions among mid-20's-early-30's cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V. Fedorova
- Department of Community Health and
Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn F. Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of
Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Research on Children, Youth,
and Families, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bridgid M. Conn
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of
Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janna Ataiants
- Department of Community Health and
Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen E. Lankenau
- Department of Community Health and
Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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32
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Zhang L, Mou Y, Zhang L. Promoting condom negotiation self-efficacy among young women in China: the effects of traditional sexual values and descriptive norms. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2023; 38:220-229. [PMID: 36852888 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study attempts to design effective messages to promote condom negotiation self-efficacy and safer sex intent among young women in China. An online experiment with 2 (descriptive norm: present versus absent) × 2 (traditional sexual value: high versus low) between-subjects factorial design was conducted on a purposive sample of 241 female Chinese college students. The results demonstrated that culturally tailored messages incorporating descriptive norms information on the popularity of condom negotiation can increase participants' self-efficacy (F(1,237) = 9.01, partial η2 = 0.04, P = 0.003) but not safer sex intent (F(1,237) = 2.80, partial η2 = 0.01, P = 0.096). Participants with a lower level of traditional sexual values had similar levels of condom negotiation self-efficacy as those with a higher level of values: F(1,237) = 2.85, partial η2 = 0.01, P = 0.09. There were no significant interaction effects of traditional sexual value and descriptive norm on condom negotiation self-efficacy and safer sex intent. The findings contribute to the cultural sensitivity perspective in health education in an Eastern context and have implications for public health practitioners and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi Mou
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lianshan Zhang
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
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33
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Vriens E, Tummolini L, Andrighetto G. Vaccine-hesitant people misperceive the social norm of vaccination. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad132. [PMID: 37168670 PMCID: PMC10165803 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is one of the main threats to global health, as became clear once more during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination campaigns could benefit from appeals to social norms to promote vaccination, but without awareness of the social norm in place any intervention relying on social norms may backfire. We present a two-step approach of social norm diagnosis and intervention that identifies both whether a vaccination norm exists or develops over time and corrects misperceptions. In two studies (N = 887 and N = 412 ) conducted in Rome, Italy from June to August 2021 (during the first COVID-19 vaccination campaign), we show that vaccine-hesitant people strongly underestimated vaccine acceptance rates for COVID-19 despite increases in region-wide vaccination rates. This suggests a false consensus bias on the social norm of vaccination. We presented a subgroup of vaccine-hesitant people with the accurate vaccine acceptance rates (both planned uptake and vaccine approval) and tested if this social information would lower their vaccine hesitancy. We do not find clear effects, most likely because of the introduction of the COVID-19 health certificate (the "green pass") that was implemented during our data collection. The green pass reduced both misperceptions in the social norm and vaccine hesitancy, thus undermining our treatment effect. We conclude that to alleviate misperceptions on the social norm of vaccination in early stages of the vaccination campaign governments and media should report not just the current vaccination rate, but also about vaccination intentions and approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vriens
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Via S. Martino della Battaglia 44, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute for Futures Studies, Holländargatan 13, 11136 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Tummolini
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Via S. Martino della Battaglia 44, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute for Futures Studies, Holländargatan 13, 11136 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Andrighetto
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Via S. Martino della Battaglia 44, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute for Futures Studies, Holländargatan 13, 11136 Stockholm, Sweden
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Dutta B. Determinants Influenced by COVID-19 Vaccine: Employing the Health Action Process Approach and the Belief in Conspiracy Theories. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040730. [PMID: 37112642 PMCID: PMC10142525 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is considered a practical approach to improving individuals’ health behavior to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the currently manufactured COVID-19 vaccines can only work for a limited time. Thus, continuous vaccination intention is crucially essential. The current study explores critical factors influencing citizens’ continuous vaccination intentions for COVID-19 vaccines, based on the modified health action process approach (HAPA) model and belief in a conspiracy theory. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from people living in Taiwan. Three hundred ninety responses were employed for the final investigation. The findings suggest that openness to experience, government communication, and pandemic knowledge significantly influence vaccination intention, but the COVID-19 threat is insignificant. Second, descriptive norms play a significant role in promoting vaccination intention. Third, a belief in conspiracy theories negatively influences vaccination intention. Fourth, vaccination behavior positively influences both perceived benefits and value co-creation. Fifth, perceived benefits positively impact value co-creation and continuous vaccination behavior. Finally, value co-creation has a significant influence on continuous vaccination behavior. The proposed model, the key contributor to the current study, confirms citizens’ continuous vaccination intentions in a three-stage procedure: motivation to volitional, volitional to behavior, and volitional to continuous vaccination intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bireswar Dutta
- English Taught Program in Smart Service Management, Department of Information Technology and Management, Taipei Campus, Shih Chien University, Taipei 10462, Taiwan
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35
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Kalra S, Kalra D, Grafova I, Rubin JS, Monheit A, Cantor J, Duberstein P, Bhuyan SS. Association of death or illness from COVID-19 among family and friends on vaccine uptake within four months of the Emergency Use Authorization. Findings from a national survey in the United States. Vaccine 2023; 41:1911-1915. [PMID: 36682984 PMCID: PMC9837229 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between knowing that a friend or family member became ill with, or died from, COVID-19 and receiving a vaccine dose within four months of the FDA's Emergency Use Authorization. METHODS A national sample of 1,517 respondents were surveyed from April 7 to April 12, 2021, 1,193 of whom were eligible for the vaccine when the data were collected. RESULTS Respondents who knew someone who became ill with COVID-19 (AOR = 2.32, 95 % CI 1.74-3.09) or knew someone who died (AOR = 2.29, 95 % CI 1.32-3.99) from COVID-19 were more likely to receive at least a single COVID-19 vaccine dose. CONCLUSION Encouraging people to share their COVID-19 illness and bereavement experiences with their local network such as friends, families, social-networks and via social media might help increase vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kalra
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Deepak Kalra
- Department of Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Irina Grafova
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Julia Sass Rubin
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Alan Monheit
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Joel Cantor
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Paul Duberstein
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Soumitra S Bhuyan
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Motta M, Callaghan T, Lunz-Trujillo K, Lockman A. Erroneous Consonance. How inaccurate beliefs about physician opinion influence COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine 2023; 41:2093-2099. [PMID: 36822967 PMCID: PMC9939402 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers have studied how Americans' attitudes toward health experts influence their health behaviors and policy opinions. Fewer, however, consider the potential gap between individual and expert opinion about COVID-19, and how that might shape health attitudes and behavior. This omission is notable, as discrepancies between individual and expert opinion could help explain why some Americans fail to take action to protect themselves and others from the virus. In novel demographically representative surveys of the US adult population (N = 5,482) and primary care physician subpopulations (PCPs; N = 625), we contrast the relationship between: (1) Americans' and (2) PCPs' preferences regarding who ought to be responsible for taking action to combat the spread of COVID-19, as well as (3) Americans' perceptions of PCP preferences ("PCP meta-opinion"). In the aggregate, we find that Americans are far less likely than PCPs to see a role for both private and state actors in taking action to combat COVID-19. Interestingly, though, this disjuncture is not reflected in individual-level PCP meta-opinion; as most Americans think that PCPs share their views on state and private intervention (τb = 0.44-0.49). However, this consonance is often erroneous, which we show can have problematic health consequences. Multivariate models suggest that Americans who both see little place for individual responsibility in taking action to stop viral spread and who think that PCPs share those views are significantly less likely to vaccinate against COVID-19. We conclude by discussing the public health benefits of efforts to bring public opinion in line with expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Motta
- Department of Health Law, Policy, & Management, Boston University, School of Public Health, United States.
| | - Timothy Callaghan
- Department of Health Law, Policy, & Management, Boston University, School of Public Health, United States
| | - Kristin Lunz-Trujillo
- Network Science Institute at Northeastern University, and Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics, and Policy at Harvard University, United States
| | - Alee Lockman
- Program in Health Policy (Political Analysis), Harvard University, United States
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Receipt of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines in California (USA) during the 2021-2022 influenza season. Vaccine 2023; 41:1190-1197. [PMID: 36585281 PMCID: PMC9780637 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite lower circulation of influenza virus throughout 2020-2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic, seasonal influenza vaccination has remained a primary tool to reduce influenza-associated illness and death. The relationship between the decision to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and/or an influenza vaccine is not well understood. METHODS We assessed predictors of receipt of 2021-2022 influenza vaccine in a secondary analysis of data from a case-control study enrolling individuals who received SARS-CoV-2 testing. We used mixed effects logistic regression to estimate factors associated with receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine. We also constructed multinomial adjusted marginal probability models of being vaccinated for COVID-19 only, seasonal influenza only, or both as compared with receipt of neither vaccination. RESULTS Among 1261 eligible participants recruited between 22 October 2021-22 June 2022, 43% (545) were vaccinated with both seasonal influenza vaccine and >1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, 34% (426) received >1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine only, 4% (49) received seasonal influenza vaccine only, and 19% (241) received neither vaccine. Receipt of >1 COVID-19 vaccine dose was associated with seasonal influenza vaccination (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.15-6.43); this association was stronger among participants receiving >1 COVID-19 booster dose (aOR = 16.50 [10.10-26.97]). Compared with participants testing negative for SARS- CoV-2 infection, participants testing positive had lower odds of receipt of 2021-2022 seasonal influenza vaccine (aOR = 0.64 [0.50-0.82]). CONCLUSIONS Recipients of a COVID-19 vaccine were more likely to receive seasonal influenza vaccine during the 2021-2022 season. Factors associated with individuals' likelihood of receiving COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines will be important to account for in future studies of vaccine effectiveness against both conditions. Participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in our sample were less likely to have received seasonal influenza vaccine, suggesting an opportunity to offer influenza vaccination before or after a COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Schäfer M, Stark B, Werner AM, Mülder LM, Reichel JL, Heller S, Schwab L, Rigotti T, Beutel ME, Simon P, Letzel S, Dietz P. Informiert = Geimpft? Das Informationsverhalten und die COVID-19-Impfentscheidung bei Studierenden. PUBLIZISTIK 2023. [PMCID: PMC9879251 DOI: 10.1007/s11616-023-00779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Eine zu geringe Impfbereitschaft zählt zu den größten globalen Gesundheitsgefahren und war in der COVID-19-Pandemie auch in Deutschland eine der großen Herausforderungen der öffentlichen Gesundheit. Die Identifikation potenzieller Einflussfaktoren auf das Impfverhalten ist deshalb für eine zielgruppengerechte Gesundheitskommunikation von großer Bedeutung. Studierende sind eine besonders wichtige Zielgruppe der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. Der Beitrag geht mit Hilfe einer Online-Befragung der Studierenden einer westdeutschen Universität (n = 1398) im Sommersemester 2021 den Fragen nach, inwieweit sich geimpfte und ungeimpfte Studierende mit hoher bzw. niedrigerer Impfintention hinsichtlich a) ihrer Medien- und Informationsnutzung und b) ihres Vertrauens in Medien und Informationsquellen in der COVID-19-Pandemie unterschieden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen z. T. deutliche Differenzen. Während geimpfte Studierende sich intensiver informierten und hierfür auch stärker auf klassische Medienangebote zurückgriifen, vertrauten insbesondere ungeimpfte Studierende mit niedrigerer Impfintention u. a. mehr auf alternative Nachrichtenseiten und Blogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schäfer
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Publizistik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 12, 55128 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Birgit Stark
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Publizistik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 12, 55128 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Antonia M. Werner
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Lina M. Mülder
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Arbeits‑, Organisations- und Wirtschaftspsychologie, Institut für Psychologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Wallstraße 3, 55122 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Jennifer L. Reichel
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Arbeits‑, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Heller
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Arbeits‑, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Lisa Schwab
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Albert Schweitzer Straße 22, 55128 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Arbeits‑, Organisations- und Wirtschaftspsychologie, Institut für Psychologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Wallstraße 3, 55122 Mainz, Deutschland ,grid.509458.50000 0004 8087 0005Leibniz Institut für Resilienzforschung, Wallstr. 7a, 55122 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Perikles Simon
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Albert Schweitzer Straße 22, 55128 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Stephan Letzel
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Arbeits‑, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Pavel Dietz
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Arbeits‑, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
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Bonner KE, Vashist K, Abad NS, Kriss JL, Meng L, Lee JT, Wilhelm E, Lu PJ, Carter RJ, Boone K, Baack B, Masters NB, Weiss D, Black C, Huang Q, Vangala S, Albertin C, Szilagyi PG, Brewer NT, Singleton JA. Behavioral and Social Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States, August-November 2021. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:865-876. [PMID: 36775756 PMCID: PMC9874048 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 vaccines are safe, effective, and widely available, but many adults in the U.S. have not been vaccinated for COVID-19. This study examined the associations between behavioral and social drivers of vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the U.S. adults and their prevalence by region. METHODS A nationally representative sample of U.S. adults participated in a cross-sectional telephone survey in August-November 2021; the analysis was conducted in January 2022. Survey questions assessed self-reported COVID-19 vaccine initiation, demographics, and behavioral and social drivers of vaccination. RESULTS Among the 255,763 respondents, 76% received their first dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine uptake was higher among respondents aged ≥75 years (94%), females (78%), and Asian non-Hispanic people (94%). The drivers of vaccination most strongly associated with uptake included higher anticipated regret from nonvaccination, risk perception, and confidence in vaccine safety and importance, followed by work- or school-related vaccination requirements, social norms, and provider recommendation (all p<0.05). The direction of association with uptake varied by reported level of difficulty in accessing vaccines. The prevalence of all of these behavioral and social drivers of vaccination was highest in the Northeast region and lowest in the Midwest and South. CONCLUSIONS This nationally representative survey found that COVID-19 vaccine uptake was most strongly associated with greater anticipated regret, risk perception, and confidence in vaccine safety and importance, followed by vaccination requirements and social norms. Interventions that leverage these social and behavioral drivers of vaccination have the potential to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake and could be considered for other vaccine introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Bonner
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Oregon Health Authority Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Kushagra Vashist
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennesse; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Neetu S Abad
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer L Kriss
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lu Meng
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; General Dynamics Information Technology Inc, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - James T Lee
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elisabeth Wilhelm
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peng-Jun Lu
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rosalind J Carter
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Office of the Director, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kwanza Boone
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Goldbelt, Inc., Juneau, Alaska
| | - Brittney Baack
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nina B Masters
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Debora Weiss
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Center for Preparedness and Response (CPR), Division of State and Local Readiness (DSLR), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carla Black
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Caroline
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, New York
| | - Christina Albertin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, New York
| | - Peter G Szilagyi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, New York
| | - Noel T Brewer
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Caroline; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James A Singleton
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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40
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Couture MC, L'Engle KL, Swathi PA, Regan AK. COVID-19 vaccine coverage among college students following vaccine mandates. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-5. [PMID: 36624974 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2155460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colleges are potential hotspots for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to lower immunization rates and possible close contacts among young adults. Some universities have implemented policies mandating COVID-19 vaccination; however, their effects remain uncertain. We estimated COVID-19 vaccination rates with and without university-mandated vaccination policies. PARTICIPANTS A university-wide survey was conducted among 2,011 students. METHODS Students completed an online questionnaire on sociodemographics, COVID-19 vaccine status, and vaccine intention. RESULTS Without university vaccine mandates, 76% of students would receive a COVID-19 vaccination, and with vaccine mandates, more than 82% of students would receive vaccination. Despite this improvement, we observed fewer changes in vaccine coverage for certain subgroups of students, indicating these policies could exacerbate ongoing disparities in COVID-19 vaccination rates. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccine mandates on campuses are likely to increase vaccination rates modestly. However, interventions will likely be required to supplement vaccine mandates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Couture
- Health Professions Department, School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kelly L L'Engle
- Health Professions Department, School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pallavi Aytha Swathi
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Annette K Regan
- Health Professions Department, School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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41
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Graupensperger S, Hultgren BA, Fairlie AM, Lee CM, Larimer ME. Using Alcohol and Cannabis as Sleep Aids: Associations with Descriptive Norms Among College Students. Behav Sleep Med 2023; 21:84-96. [PMID: 35156478 PMCID: PMC9372229 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2022.2040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Young adults may use alcohol and cannabis as sleep aids, a risky behavior that can worsen sleep health over time and lead to substance dependence. Perceived norms for such risky behaviors are often overestimated and related to one's own use. This cross-sectional study examined: (a) the extent to which college students overestimated the prevalence of alcohol and cannabis use as sleep aids (i.e., perceived descriptive norms), and (b) the extent to which perceived descriptive norms were associated with students' own use of alcohol and cannabis as sleep aids. METHODS 2,642 undergraduate college students (Mage = 18.84 years) reported past 30-day use of alcohol and cannabis as sleep aids. Participants also estimated the percent of college students who use alcohol and cannabis as sleep aids (i.e., perceived descriptive norms). RESULTS One-sample t-tests revealed participants, on average, overestimated the norms for using alcohol and cannabis as sleep aids. Participants who endorsed past 30-day use of these substances as sleep aids overestimated these norms to an even greater extent. Count regression models showed perceived descriptive norms were associated with students' use of alcohol and of cannabis as sleeps aids, in respective models, even when controlling for sleep difficulties. CONCLUSIONS College students may overestimate the prevalence of using alcohol and cannabis as sleep aids, and students who believe these behaviors are more normative report more frequent use of these substances as sleep aids. Taken together, findings may highlight the potential for norm-correcting strategies as a prudent approach to reducing/preventing the use of alcohol and cannabis as sleep aids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Graupensperger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brittney A Hultgren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne M Fairlie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary E Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Lu PJ, Srivastav A, Vashist K, Black CL, Kriss JL, Hung MC, Meng L, Zhou T, Yankey D, Masters NB, Fast HE, Razzaghi H, Singleton JA. COVID-19 Booster Dose Vaccination Coverage and Factors Associated with Booster Vaccination among Adults, United States, March 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:133-140. [PMID: 36480674 PMCID: PMC9796208 DOI: 10.3201/eid2901.221151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a COVID-19 vaccine booster dose for all persons >18 years of age. We analyzed data from the National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module collected during February 27-March 26, 2022 to assess COVID-19 booster dose vaccination coverage among adults. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess factors associated with vaccination. COVID-19 booster dose coverage among fully vaccinated adults increased from 25.7% in November 2021 to 63.4% in March 2022. Coverage was lower among non-Hispanic Black (52.7%), and Hispanic (55.5%) than non-Hispanic White adults (67.7%). Coverage was 67.4% among essential healthcare personnel, 62.2% among adults who had a disability, and 69.9% among adults who had medical conditions. Booster dose coverage was not optimal, and disparities by race/ethnicity and other factors are apparent in coverage uptake. Tailored strategies are needed to educate the public and reduce disparities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage.
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Wachira E, Laki K, Chavan B, Aidoo-Frimpong G, Kingori C. Factors Influencing COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2023; 44:35-52. [PMID: 36536182 PMCID: PMC9763079 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-022-00719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 remains a public health emergency with prevention guidelines and mitigation strategies being constantly updated to curb the rapid spread of the disease. Despite proven successes of recommended preventive behaviors, there is low uptake of wearing a mask, washing of hands, and social distancing in the United States (US). The purpose of this study was to examine factors that influence COVID-19 preventive behaviors. We used data from the nationally representative COVID-19 Household Impact Survey (n = 19,815) conducted in the US from April to June 2020. Chi-square (χ2) test and bivariate analyses were performed to compare study participants who used all COVID-19 related preventive behaviors and those who did not, and multivariate logistic regressions to determine associations across demographic and social characteristics. Of the 19,815 participants, 79.2% of participants reported practicing the aforementioned COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Further, non-Hispanic white, Spanish speaking, living in urban areas, of older age (60+), being female, having an education above an undergraduate, those with income levels $100K or more, living in the urban northeast region that trust and communicate frequently with family and neighbors were more likely to use all three preventive behaviors. Findings suggest a need for continued provision of information on prevention and vaccination importance, but expand efforts to target adopters of these behaviors and encourage them to share their uptake and adherence efforts. This type of horizontal communication where information is shared within trusted social networks can shape social norms that influence the uptake of COVID-19 preventive behaviors and slowly curb communal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Wachira
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas A&M University- Commerce, 2600 S Neal Street, 75428 Commerce, TX USA
| | - Kujang Laki
- School of Communication Studies, Scripps College of Communication, Ohio University, 400 Schoonover Center 20 E. Union Street, 45701 Athens, OH USA
| | - Bhakti Chavan
- Assistant Biostatistician, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Heritage Hall, Medical Education Building 1 454, 45701, 614-793-5649 Athens, OH USA
| | - Gloria Aidoo-Frimpong
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, 135 College Street, Suite 200, 06510, 203-764-4333 New Haven, CT USA
| | - Caroline Kingori
- Interim Associate Dean for Research, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Grover Center W377, 45701 Athens, OH USA
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Wang D, Lu J, Zhong Y. Futile or fertile? The effect of persuasive strategies on citizen engagement in COVID-19 vaccine-related tweets across six national health departments. Soc Sci Med 2023; 317:115591. [PMID: 36493501 PMCID: PMC9721126 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
National health departments across the globe have utilized persuasive strategies to promote COVID-19 vaccines through Twitter. However, the effectiveness of those strategies is unclear. This study thereby examined how national health departments deployed persuasive strategies to promote citizen engagement in COVID-19 vaccine-related tweets in six countries, including the UK, the US, Germany, Japan, South Korea, and India. Guided by the heuristic-systematic model and the health belief model, we found that national health departments differed significantly in the use of systematic-heuristic cues and health belief constructs in COVID-19 vaccine-related tweets. Generally, the provision of scientific information and appeals to anecdotes and fear positively, while appeals to bandwagon negatively, predicted citizen engagement. Messages about overcoming barriers and promoting vaccine benefits and self-efficacy positively affected engagement. Emphases of COVID-19 threats and cues to vaccinate demonstrated negative impacts. Importantly, health departments across countries often used futile or detrimental strategies in tweets. A locally adapted evidence-based approach for COVID-19 vaccination persuasion was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, R322, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Jiahui Lu
- School of New Media and Communication, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Ying Zhong
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, R322, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
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Lee PC, Huang CY, Liang LL, Huang MH, Hsu MJ. The choice of Taiwanese college students to vaccinate against severe special infectious pneumonia COVID-19 based on the integrated theory of planning behavior. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2148500. [PMID: 36415127 PMCID: PMC9762833 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2148500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Taiwan's coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine procurement was delayed until October 2021. With the vaccine's introduction in Taiwan, the public will have an opportunity to choose vaccination. Choosing to vaccinate involves considerations regarding the trade-off between the protective power of the vaccine and its side effects, which is a planned behavior. College students have considered high-risk objects for COVID-19 outbreaks given their lifestyle, and their efficient vaccination may help reduce mutual infection between college students and the general public. This study obtained 707 valid questionnaires from Taiwan college students (20 years old and above). We investigated several factors during our college students' survey regarding vaccination. Among this integrated TPB model, "Attitude," "Subjective Norm," "Perceived Behavioral Control," and "COVID-19 Information Asymmetry" had a positive impact on vaccination "Behavioral Intention." COVID-19 information asymmetry positively and significantly affected behavioral intention through perceived behavioral control, while perceived behavioral control had a mediating effect. To promote the behavioral intention of college students to choose COVID-19 vaccination, public and private departments for epidemic prevention must aim to overcome the self-efficacy barriers of perceived behavioral control and promote the primary group influence effect of subjective norm and the self-interest factor of attitude. Governments and NGOs should also ensure prompt and accurate transmission of epidemic and vaccine information and actively investigate and prohibit misleading details from unknown sources and no scientific basis. Such a policy will generate trust, effectively increasing the vaccination rate and reducing cluster infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,CONTACT Po-Chun Lee Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 7F., No. 1, Ln. 218, Jianxing S. Rd., Kaohsiung, Pingtung County 900044, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ching-Yuan Huang
- Department of Marketing Management, SHU-TE University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Lin Liang
- Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsin Huang
- Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jun Hsu
- Department of Hotel Management, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Moosa S, Abdul Raheem R, Riyaz A, Musthafa HS, Naeem AZ. The role of social value orientation in modulating vaccine uptake in the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 9:467. [PMID: 36589254 PMCID: PMC9793809 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-022-01487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination is the only pharmaceutical measure available to control the pandemic and move past the current crisis. As such, the Maldives, a small island country, invested heavily on securing and vaccinating the eligible population through an intensive risk communication campaign to create awareness on vaccination benefits. This paper reports on the vaccine coverage after a year of COVID-19 vaccine being introduced into the country, based on data obtained from the Values in Crisis Survey - Wave Two among Maldivian adults (n = 497). The findings show a vaccine coverage of 94%, with only 2.2% of the respondents indicating they will not get vaccinated. No significant differences were observed by age, gender, income earning, educational status or residential area. No significant relationship was observed in vaccine behaviour and confidence in government, health sector and experts. Social value orientations, particularly conservation and self-transcendence value orientations determined positive vaccine behaviour (r s = 0.180, p < 0.01 and 0.136 p < 0.01 respectively), yet conservation was the only predictor that contributed significantly to the regression model (B = 0.158, p < 0.01). The findings indicate that, despite the uncertainties around COVID-19 vaccinations, the prosocial value orientations were instrumental in achieving a high COVID-19 vaccine coverage. Further theoretical and conceptual exploration of vaccine behaviour in crisis situations is needed to inform future pandemic situations. The vaccination rollout and behaviour change strategies also need an examination of social value orientations in order to achieve a high coverage and sustain pro-vaccine behaviour post-pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Moosa
- The Maldives National University, Male’, Maldives
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47
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Omari A, Boone KD, Zhou T, Lu PJ, Kriss JL, Hung MC, Carter RJ, Black C, Weiss D, Masters NB, Lee JT, Brewer NT, Szilagyi PG, Singleton JA. Characteristics of the Moveable Middle: Opportunities Among Adults Open to COVID-19 Vaccination. Am J Prev Med 2022; 64:734-741. [PMID: 36690543 PMCID: PMC9767894 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Focusing on subpopulations that express the intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccination but are unvaccinated may improve the yield of COVID-19 vaccination efforts. METHODS A nationally representative sample of 789,658 U.S. adults aged ≥18 years participated in the National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module from May 2021 to April 2022. The survey assessed respondents' COVID-19 vaccination status and intent by demographic characteristics (age, urbanicity, educational attainment, region, insurance, income, and race/ethnicity). This study compared composition and within-group estimates of those who responded that they definitely or probably will get vaccinated or are unsure (moveable middle) from the first and last month of data collection. RESULTS Because vaccination uptake increased over the study period, the moveable middle declined among persons aged ≥18 years. Adults aged 18-39 years and suburban residents comprised most of the moveable middle in April 2022. Groups with the largest moveable middles in April 2022 included persons with no insurance (10%), those aged 18-29 years (8%), and those with incomes below poverty (8%), followed by non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (7%), non-Hispanic multiple or other race (6%), non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native persons (6%), non-Hispanic Black or African American persons (6%), those with below high school education (6%), those with high school education (5%), and those aged 30-39 years (5%). CONCLUSIONS A sizable percentage of adults open to receiving COVID-19 vaccination remain in several demographic groups. Emphasizing engagement of persons who are unvaccinated in some racial/ethnic groups, aged 18-39 years, without health insurance, or with lower income may reach more persons open to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Omari
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Kwanza D Boone
- Goldbelt C6, Chesapeake, Virginia; National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Leidos, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peng-Jun Lu
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer L Kriss
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mei-Chuan Hung
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Leidos, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rosalind J Carter
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carla Black
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Debora Weiss
- Career Epidemiology Field Offic, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nina B Masters
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James Tseryuan Lee
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Noel T Brewer
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Peter G Szilagyi
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - James A Singleton
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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48
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Latkin C, Dayton L, Miller J, Yi G, Balaban A, Boodram B, Uzzi M, Falade-Nwulia O. A longitudinal study of vaccine hesitancy attitudes and social influence as predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the US. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2043102. [PMID: 35417302 PMCID: PMC9196649 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2043102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In many countries with high levels of COVID-19 vaccine access, uptake remains a major issue. We examined prospective predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in a United States longitudinal study. Methods An online longitudinal study on COVID-19 and well-being assessed vaccine hesitancy attitudes, social norms, and uptake among 444 respondents who had completed both survey waves in March and June 2021. Results The mean sample age was 41, with 55% female, 71% white, 13% Black, and 6% Latinx. In March 2021, 14% had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. By June 2021, 64% reported receiving at least one dose. In prospectively assessing predictors of vaccine uptake, we found strong correlations among five different vaccine hesitancy questions. In multivariable logistic regression models, family and friends discouraging vaccination (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = .26, 95% CI = .07, .98), not knowing whom to believe about vaccine safety (aOR = .51, 95% CI = .27, .95), and concerns that shortcuts were taken with vaccine development (aOR = .43, 95% CI = .23, .81) were all independent predictors of lower vaccine uptake. Political conservatism, gender, education, and income were also independent predictors of reduced uptake. Vaccine hesitancy items were also modeled as a scale, and the scale was found to be strongly predictive of vaccine uptake. Conclusions The findings highlight the importance of social norm interventions and suggest general and specific vaccine hesitancy attitudes, especially trust, should be considered in developing vaccine uptake programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Dayton
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacob Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Grace Yi
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ariel Balaban
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Basmattee Boodram
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mudia Uzzi
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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49
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Geng H, Cao K, Zhang J, Wu K, Wang G, Liu C. Attitudes of COVID-19 vaccination among college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis of willingness, associated determinants, and reasons for hesitancy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2054260. [PMID: 35438612 PMCID: PMC9235888 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2054260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of COVID-19 vaccine has been declared and this study synthesizes the attitudes and determinants in vaccination hesitancy of college students. We searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and CNKI to enroll the related studies. The modified NOS was used for quality evaluation. Proportion and OR with 95% CI were pooled to estimate the acceptance rates and determinants of COVID-19 vaccination. Data of 34 studies involving 42 countries were pooled. The pooled acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination among all the college students was 69% and varies between countries, while medical students have a slightly higher acceptancy rate. Knowledge, trust conception, social behavior, and information sources were important for their decision. Most of the college students intended to COVID-19 vaccination, but the proportion varied among countries. Governments should strengthen credibility, convey trusted information with media influences and improve vaccination services in urging students to be vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Geng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jingbing Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, Guangdong515041, China
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50
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Associations between COVID-19 vaccine uptake, race/ethnicity, and political party affiliation. J Behav Med 2022:10.1007/s10865-022-00379-2. [PMID: 36417011 PMCID: PMC9684822 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread availability of vaccines, COVID-19 is a leading cause of death in the United States (US), and sociodemographic disparities in vaccine uptake remain. Race/ethnicity, partisanship, and perception of peer vaccination status are strong predictors of vaccine uptake, but research is limited among some racial/ethnic groups with small populations. The current study used an online survey to examine the relationship between these factors among a diverse sample of US adults (n = 1,674), with oversampling of racial and ethnic minorities. Respondents provided sociodemographic information and answered questions regarding COVID-19 vaccination status, political affiliation, perception of peers' vaccination status, COVID-19 death exposure, and previous COVID-19 infection. Respondents who identified as Asian American had higher odds of being vaccinated, whereas those who identified as Black/African American or American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) had lower odds. Respondents who identified as Independent/Other or Republican had lower vaccination odds. Respondents who perceived anything less than nearly all of their peers were vaccinated had lower vaccination odds. Further, lack of a primary care provider, younger age, and lower educational attainment were associated with lower vaccination odds. Findings may help to determine where additional work is needed to improve vaccine uptake in the US. Results indicate the need for intentional and tailored vaccination programs in Black/African American and AIAN communities; the need to understand how media and political actors develop vaccination messaging and impact vaccine uptake; and the need for additional research on how people estimate, understand, and form decisions around peer vaccination rates.
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