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Karatkevich D, Losmanova T, Zens P, Deng H, Dubey C, Zhang T, Casty C, Gao Y, Neppl C, Berezowska S, Wang W, Peng RW, Schmid RA, Dorn P, Marti TM. Chemotherapy increases CDA expression and sensitizes malignant pleural mesothelioma cells to capecitabine treatment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18206. [PMID: 39107509 PMCID: PMC11303810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of cisplatin and pemetrexed remains the gold standard chemotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), although resistance and poor response pose a significant challenge. Cytidine deaminase (CDA) is a key enzyme in the nucleotide salvage pathway and is involved in the adaptive stress response to chemotherapy. The cytidine analog capecitabine and its metabolite 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5'-DFCR) are converted via CDA to 5-fluorouracil, which affects DNA and RNA metabolism. This study investigated a schedule-dependent treatment strategy, proposing that initial chemotherapy induces CDA expression, sensitizing cells to subsequent capecitabine treatment. Basal CDA protein expression was low in different mesothelioma cell lines but increased in the corresponding xenografts. Standard chemotherapy increased CDA protein levels in MPM cells in vitro and in vivo in a schedule-dependent manner. This was associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and with HIF-1alpha expression at the transcriptional level. In addition, pretreatment with cisplatin and pemetrexed in combination sensitized MPM xenografts to capecitabine. Analysis of a tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of samples from 98 human MPM patients revealed that most human MPM samples had negative CDA expression. While survival curves based on CDA expression in matched samples clearly separated, significance was not reached due to the limited sample size. In non-matched samples, CDA expression before but not after neoadjuvant therapy was significantly associated with worse overall survival. In conclusion, chemotherapy increases CDA expression in xenografts, which is consistent with our in vitro results in MPM and lung cancer. A subset of matched patient samples showed increased CDA expression after therapy, suggesting that a schedule-dependent treatment strategy based on chemotherapy and capecitabine may benefit a selected MPM patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Karatkevich
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tereza Losmanova
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Zens
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Haibin Deng
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- 2nd Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center of Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment for Esophageal Carcinoma, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Christelle Dubey
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Corsin Casty
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yanyun Gao
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christina Neppl
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabina Berezowska
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- 2nd Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center of Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment for Esophageal Carcinoma, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ralph Alexander Schmid
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Dorn
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Michael Marti
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
- Oncology-Thoracic Malignancies, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Seinkmane E, Edmondson A, Peak-Chew SY, Zeng A, Rzechorzek NM, James NR, West J, Munns J, Wong DC, Beale AD, O'Neill JS. Circadian regulation of macromolecular complex turnover and proteome renewal. EMBO J 2024; 43:2813-2833. [PMID: 38778155 PMCID: PMC11217436 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although costly to maintain, protein homeostasis is indispensable for normal cellular function and long-term health. In mammalian cells and tissues, daily variation in global protein synthesis has been observed, but its utility and consequences for proteome integrity are not fully understood. Using several different pulse-labelling strategies, here we gain direct insight into the relationship between protein synthesis and abundance proteome-wide. We show that protein degradation varies in-phase with protein synthesis, facilitating rhythms in turnover rather than abundance. This results in daily consolidation of proteome renewal whilst minimising changes in composition. Coupled rhythms in synthesis and turnover are especially salient to the assembly of macromolecular protein complexes, particularly the ribosome, the most abundant species of complex in the cell. Daily turnover and proteasomal degradation rhythms render cells and mice more sensitive to proteotoxic stress at specific times of day, potentially contributing to daily rhythms in the efficacy of proteasomal inhibitors against cancer. Our findings suggest that circadian rhythms function to minimise the bioenergetic cost of protein homeostasis through temporal consolidation of protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estere Seinkmane
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Anna Edmondson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sew Y Peak-Chew
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Aiwei Zeng
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Nina M Rzechorzek
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Nathan R James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - James West
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack Munns
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - David Cs Wong
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Andrew D Beale
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - John S O'Neill
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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3
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St‐Denis‐Bissonnette F, Qiu S, Cummings SE, Kirkby M, Haile Y, Wassmer S, Muradia G, Mehic J, Stalker A, Shrestha A, Ardolino M, Lee S, Burger D, Wang L, Lavoie JR. Evaluation of resazurin phenoxazine dye as a highly sensitive cell viability potency assay for natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicle-based cancer biotherapeutics. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e166. [PMID: 39022723 PMCID: PMC11253028 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NK-EVs) are candidate biotherapeutics against various cancers. However, standardised potency assays are necessary for a reliable assessment of NK-EVs' cytotoxicity. This study aims to thoroughly evaluate a highly sensitive resazurin phenoxazine-based cell viability potency assay (measurement of the cellular redox metabolism) for quantifying the cytotoxicity of NK-EVs against leukaemia K562 cells (suspension model) and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells (adherent model) in vitro. The assay was evaluated based on common analytical parameters setforth by regulatory guidelines, including specificity, selectivity,accuracy, precision, linearity, range and stability. Our results revealed that this resazurin-based cell viability potency assay reliably and reproducibly measured a dose-response of NK-EVs' cytotoxic activity against both cancer models. The assay showed precision with 5% and 20% variation for intra-run and inter-run variability. The assay signal showed specificity and selectivity of NK-EVs against cancer target cells, as evidenced by the diminished viability of cancer cells following a 5-hour treatment with NK-EVs, without any detectable interference or background. The linearity analysis of target cancer cells revealed strong linearity for densities of 5000 K562 and 1000 MDA-MB-231 cells per test with a consistent range. Importantly, NK-EVs' dose-response for cytotoxicity showed a strong correlation (|ρ| ∼ 0.8) with the levels of known cytotoxic factors associated with the NK-EVs' corona (FasL, GNLY, GzmB, PFN and IFN-γ), thereby validating the accuracy of the assay. The assay also distinguished cytotoxicity changes in degraded NK-EVs, indicating the ability of the assay to detect the potential loss of sample integrity. Compared to other commonly reported bioassays (i.e., flow cytometry, cell counting, lactate dehydrogenase release assay, DNA-binding reporter assay and confluence assay), our results support this highly sensitive resazurin-based viability potency assay as a high-throughput and quantitative method for assessing NK-EVs' cytotoxicity against both suspension and adherent cancer models for evaluating NK-EVs' biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic St‐Denis‐Bissonnette
- Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth CanadaOttawaCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Shirley Qiu
- Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth CanadaOttawaCanada
| | - Sarah E. Cummings
- Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth CanadaOttawaCanada
| | - Melanie Kirkby
- Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth CanadaOttawaCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Yohannes Haile
- Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth CanadaOttawaCanada
- Department of NeuroscienceCarleton UniversityOttawaCanada
| | - Sarah Wassmer
- Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth CanadaOttawaCanada
| | - Gauri Muradia
- Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth CanadaOttawaCanada
| | - Jelica Mehic
- Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth CanadaOttawaCanada
| | - Andrew Stalker
- Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth CanadaOttawaCanada
| | - Amit Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Michele Ardolino
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Cancer Therapeutics ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
| | - Seung‐Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research CentreOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
| | - Jessie R. Lavoie
- Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth CanadaOttawaCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
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Valencia LJ, Tseng M, Chu ML, Yu L, Adedeji AO, Kiyota T. Zoledronic acid and ibandronate-induced nephrotoxicity in 2D and 3D proximal tubule cells derived from human and rat. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:86-100. [PMID: 38059598 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced proximal tubule (PT) injury remains a serious safety concern throughout drug development. Traditional in vitro 2-dimensional (2D) and preclinical in vivo models often fail to predict drug-related injuries presented in clinical trials. Various 3-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPSs) have been developed to mimic physiologically relevant properties, enabling them to be more predictive toward nephrotoxicity. To explore the capabilities of an MPS across species, we compared cytotoxicity in hRPTEC/TERT1s and rat primary proximal tubular epithelial cells (rPPTECs) following exposure to zoledronic acid and ibandronate (62.5-500 µM), and antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB) (50 and 250 µM, respectively). For comparison, we investigated cytotoxicity using 2D cultured hRPTEC/TERT1s and rPPTECs following exposure to the same drugs, including overlapping concentrations, as their 3D counterparts. Regardless of the in vitro model, bisphosphonate-exposed rPPTECs exhibited cytotoxicity quicker than hRPTEC/TERT1s. PMB was less sensitive toward nephrotoxicity in rPPTECs than hRPTEC/TERT1s, demonstrating differences in species sensitivity within both 3D and 2D models. Generally, 2D cultured cells experienced faster drug-induced cytotoxicity compared to the MPSs, suggesting that MPSs can be advantageous for longer-term drug-exposure studies, if warranted. Furthermore, ibandronate-exposed hRPTEC/TERT1s and rPPTECs produced higher levels of inflammatory and kidney injury biomarkers compared to zoledronic acid, indicating that ibandronate induces acute kidney injury, but also a potential protective response since ibandronate is less toxic than zoledronic acid. Our study suggests that the MPS model can be used for preclinical screening of compounds prior to animal studies and human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie J Valencia
- Investigative Toxicology, Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
- Pathology, Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Min Tseng
- Investigative Toxicology, Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Mei-Lan Chu
- Pathology, Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Lanlan Yu
- Investigative Toxicology, Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Adeyemi O Adedeji
- Pathology, Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Tomomi Kiyota
- Investigative Toxicology, Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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Becht A, Frączyk J, Waśko J, Menaszek E, Kajdanek J, Miłowska K, Kolesinska B. Selection of collagen IV fragments forming the outer sphere of the native protein: Assessment of biological activity for regenerative medicine. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3537. [PMID: 37607826 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to select the fragments that make up the outer layer of the collagen IV (COL4A6) protein and to assess their potential usefulness for regenerative medicine. It was expected that because protein-protein interactions take place via contact between external domains, the set of peptides forming the outer sphere of collagen IV will determine its interaction with other proteins. Cellulose-immobilized protein fragment libraries treated with polyclonal anti-collagen IV antibodies were used to select the peptides forming the outer sphere of collagen IV. In the first test, 33 peptides that strongly interacted with the polyclonal anti-collagen IV antibodies were selected from a library of non-overlapping fragments of collagen IV. The selected fragments of collagen IV (cleaved from the cellulose matrix) were tested for their cytotoxicity, their effects on cell viability and proliferation, and their impact on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The studies used RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells and Hs 680.Tr human fibroblasts. PrestoBlue, ToxiLight™, and ToxiLight 100% Lysis Control assays were conducted. The viability of fibroblasts cultured with the addition of increasing concentrations of the peptide mix did not show statistically significant differences from the control. Fragments 161-170, 221-230, 721-730, 1331-1340, 1521-1530, and 1661-1670 of COL4A6 were examined for cytotoxicity against BJ normal human foreskin fibroblasts. None of the collagen fragments were found to be cytotoxic. Further research is underway on the potential uses of collagen IV fragments in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Becht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Frączyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Waśko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Menaszek
- Department of Cytobiology, Chair of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Kajdanek
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miłowska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Kolesinska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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Shymborska Y, Budkowski A, Raczkowska J, Donchak V, Melnyk Y, Vasiichuk V, Stetsyshyn Y. Switching it Up: The Promise of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Systems in Biomedical Science. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300217. [PMID: 37668274 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Responsive polymer systems have the ability to change properties or behavior in response to external stimuli. The properties of responsive polymer systems can be fine-tuned by adjusting the stimuli, enabling tailored responses for specific applications. These systems have applications in drug delivery, biosensors, tissue engineering, and more, as their ability to adapt and respond to dynamic environments leads to improved performance. However, challenges such as synthesis complexity, sensitivity limitations, and manufacturing issues need to be addressed for successful implementation. In our review, we provide a comprehensive summary on stimuli-responsive polymer systems, delving into the intricacies of their mechanisms and actions. Future developments should focus on precision medicine, multifunctionality, reversibility, bioinspired designs, and integration with advanced technologies, driving the dynamic growth of sensitive polymer systems in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Shymborska
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, St. George's Square 2, 79013, Lviv, Ukraine
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Budkowski
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Raczkowska
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Volodymyr Donchak
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, St. George's Square 2, 79013, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Melnyk
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, St. George's Square 2, 79013, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Viktor Vasiichuk
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, St. George's Square 2, 79013, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yurij Stetsyshyn
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, St. George's Square 2, 79013, Lviv, Ukraine
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Alfatah M, Zhang Y, Naaz A, Cheng TYN, Eisenhaber F. PICLS with human cells is the first high throughput screening method for identifying novel compounds that extend lifespan. Biol Direct 2024; 19:8. [PMID: 38254217 PMCID: PMC10804585 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gerontology research on anti-aging interventions with drugs could be an answer to age-related diseases, aiming at closing the gap between lifespan and healthspan. Here, we present two methods for assaying chronological lifespan in human cells: (1) a version of the classical outgrowth assay with quantitative assessment of surviving cells and (2) a version of the PICLS method (propidium iodide fluorescent-based measurement of cell death). Both methods are fast, simple to conduct, cost-effective, produce quantitative data for further analysis and can be used with diverse human cell lines. Whereas the first method is ideal for validation and testing the post-intervention reproductive potential of surviving cells, the second method has true high-throughput screening potential. The new technologies were validated with known anti-aging compounds (2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol and rapamycin). Using the high-throughput screening method, we screened a library of 162 chemical entities and identified three compounds that extend the longevity of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alfatah
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Yizhong Zhang
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Arshia Naaz
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Genome #02-01, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Trishia Yi Ning Cheng
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
- LASA - Lausitz Advanced Scientific Applications gGmbH, Straße der Einheit 2-24, 02943, Weißwasser, Federal Republic of Germany
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
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8
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Westphal JA, Bryan AE, Krutko M, Esfandiari L, Schutte SC, Harris GM. Innervation of an Ultrasound-Mediated PVDF-TrFE Scaffold for Skin-Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 9:2. [PMID: 38275450 PMCID: PMC11154284 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, electrospun polyvinylidene-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) was utilized for its biocompatibility, mechanics, and piezoelectric properties to promote Schwann cell (SC) elongation and sensory neuron (SN) extension. PVDF-TrFE electrospun scaffolds were characterized over a variety of electrospinning parameters (1, 2, and 3 h aligned and unaligned electrospun fibers) to determine ideal thickness, porosity, and tensile strength for use as an engineered skin tissue. PVDF-TrFE was electrically activated through mechanical deformation using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) waves as a non-invasive means to trigger piezoelectric properties of the scaffold and deliver electric potential to cells. Using this therapeutic modality, neurite integration in tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESSs) was quantified including neurite alignment, elongation, and vertical perforation into PVDF-TrFE scaffolds. Results show LIPUS stimulation promoted cell alignment on aligned scaffolds. Further, stimulation significantly increased SC elongation and SN extension separately and in coculture on aligned scaffolds but significantly decreased elongation and extension on unaligned scaffolds. This was also seen in cell perforation depth analysis into scaffolds which indicated LIPUS enhanced perforation of SCs, SNs, and cocultures on scaffolds. Taken together, this work demonstrates the immense potential for non-invasive electric stimulation of an in vitro tissue-engineered-skin model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Westphal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Andrew E. Bryan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
| | - Maksym Krutko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Leyla Esfandiari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Stacey C. Schutte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Greg M. Harris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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9
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Kardorff M, Mahler HC, Huwyler J, Sorret L. Comparison of cell viability methods for human mesenchymal/stromal stem cells and human A549 lung carcinoma cells after freeze-thaw stress. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 124:107474. [PMID: 37866798 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
For the safety and efficacy of frozen cell therapy products, determination of cellular viability is key. However, results of cell viability measurements do not only depend on the cell line or on the inflicted stress, but also on the assay used, making inter-experimental comparisons difficult. The aim of this study was thus to assess commonly used viability assays in clinically relevant human mesenchymal/stromal stem cells and human A549 lung carcinoma cells. Post freeze-thaw stress viability and proliferation were evaluated under different conditions using trypan blue, acridine orange/DAPI stain, alamarBlue, ATP, and neutral red assays. Significant differences in cell viability between metabolic assays were observed, likely due to their distinct intrinsic detection mechanisms. Membrane-integrity based assays generally overestimated cell viabilities in this study. Furthermore, noticeable differences in inter-assay sensitivities were observed. These differences highlight that cell viability methods should be meticulously selected and their associated results carefully interpreted in a relevant context to ensure reliable conclusions. Indeed, although cell membrane integrity based assays are a popular choice to determine cellular quality attributes after freezing and thawing, we demonstrate that metabolic assays may be more suitable in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kardorff
- Drug Product Services, Lonza AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, 4057 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Léa Sorret
- Drug Product Services, Lonza AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, 4057 Basel, Switzerland.
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10
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Bromma K, Beckham W, Chithrani DB. Utilizing two-dimensional monolayer and three-dimensional spheroids to enhance radiotherapeutic potential by combining gold nanoparticles and docetaxel. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023; 14:80. [PMID: 37867929 PMCID: PMC10587262 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-023-00231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Much in vitro research on the applicability of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in cancer treatment has been focused on two-dimensional (2D) monolayer models. To improve this, we explored the effect of the combination of GNPs and docetaxel (DTX) with radiotherapy (RT) in a more complex three-dimensional (3D) spheroid that can better mimic a real tumour microenvironment. Methods Two cell lines, prostate cancer LNCaP and cervical cancer HeLa, were grown in monolayer and spheroids. Cells were dosed with GNPs at a concentration of 10 μ g / mL and with DTX at a dose that inhibited growth-rate by 50%. Samples were irradiated 24 h after drug dosing with 2 Gy, 5 Gy, or 10 Gy using a 6 MV beam. Monolayer cells had the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) probed 24 h post-radiation, and cell proliferation observed over 7 days. Spheroid proliferation was monitored over 14 days along with spheroid volume measurements. Results In DTX and GNP-treated monolayer samples, there is decreased survival after irradiation with 5 and 10 Gy of 16-24% and an increase in DSBs of 91.6-109.9%, compared to DTX. In spheroids, GNPs decreased the surviving cells by 10.54-15.61% compared to control, while GNPs and DTX decreased survival by 20.9-31.04%. There is reduced spheroid volume 14 days after treatment with the triple combination. Conclusions Combining GNPs and DTX leads to a synergistic radiosensitization effect in spheroids, which can better mimic the tumour microenvironment. Testing treatment modalities with spheroids and RT may allow a quicker translation to the clinic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12645-023-00231-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Bromma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Wayne Beckham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
- British Columbia Cancer, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Devika B. Chithrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
- British Columbia Cancer, Victoria, BC Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
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11
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Ulker D, Neal TJ, Crawford A, Armes SP. Thermoresponsive Poly( N, N'-dimethylacrylamide)-Based Diblock Copolymer Worm Gels via RAFT Solution Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cell Biology Applications. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4285-4302. [PMID: 37616242 PMCID: PMC10498450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
RAFT solution polymerization is used to polymerize 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA). The resulting PHPMA precursor is then chain-extended using N,N'-dimethylacrylamide (DMAC) to produce a series of thermoresponsive PHPMA-PDMAC diblock copolymers. Such amphiphilic copolymers can be directly dispersed in ice-cold water and self-assembled at 20 °C to form spheres, worms, or vesicles depending on their copolymer composition. Construction of a pseudo-phase diagram is required to identify the pure worm phase, which corresponds to a rather narrow range of PDMAC DPs. Such worms form soft, free-standing gels in aqueous solution at around ambient temperature. Rheology studies confirm the thermoresponsive nature of such worms, which undergo a reversible worm-to-sphere on cooling below ambient temperature. This morphological transition leads to in situ degelation, and variable temperature 1H NMR studies indicate a higher degree of (partial) hydration for the weakly hydrophobic PHPMA chains at lower temperatures. The trithiocarbonate end-group located at the end of each PDMAC chain can be removed by treatment with excess hydrazine. The resulting terminal secondary thiol group can form disulfide bonds via coupling, which produces PHPMA-PDMAC-PHPMA triblock copolymer chains. Alternatively, this reactive thiol group can be used for conjugation reactions. A PHPMA141-PDMAC36 worm gel was used to store human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for up to three weeks at 37 °C. MSCs retrieved from this gel subsequently underwent proliferation and maintained their ability to differentiate into osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Ulker
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus TR-99138, Turkey
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Aileen Crawford
- School
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TA, UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
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12
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Rosales Rosas AL, Wang L, Goossens S, Cuvry A, Li LH, Santos-Ferreira N, Soto A, Dallmeier K, Rocha-Pereira J, Delang L. Ex vivo gut cultures of Aedes aegypti are efficiently infected by mosquito-borne alpha- and flaviviruses. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0519522. [PMID: 37540021 PMCID: PMC10580962 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05195-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can transmit several arboviruses, including chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). When blood-feeding on a virus-infected human, the mosquito ingests the virus into the midgut (stomach), where it replicates and must overcome the midgut barrier to disseminate to other organs and ultimately be transmitted via the saliva. Current tools to study mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) include 2D-cell culture systems and in vivo mosquito infection models, which offer great advantages, yet have some limitations. Here, we describe a long-term ex vivo culture of Ae. aegypti guts. Cultured guts were metabolically active for 7 d in a 96-well plate at 28°C and were permissive to ZIKV, DENV, Ross River virus, and CHIKV. Ex vivo guts from Culex pipiens mosquitoes were found to be permissive to Usutu virus. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed viral protein synthesis in CHIKV-infected guts of Ae. aegypti. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy revealed replication and spread of a reporter DENV in specific regions of the midgut. In addition, two known antiviral molecules, β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine and 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine, were able to inhibit CHIKV and ZIKV replication, respectively, in the ex vivo model. Together, our results show that ex vivo guts can be efficiently infected with mosquito-borne alpha- and flaviviruses and employed to evaluate antiviral drugs. Furthermore, the setup can be extended to other mosquito species. Ex vivo gut cultures could thus be a new model to study MBVs, offering the advantage of reduced biosafety measures compared to infecting living mosquitoes. IMPORTANCE Mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) are a significant global health threat since they can cause severe diseases in humans, such as hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and chronic arthritis. MBVs rely on the mosquito vector to infect new hosts and perpetuate virus transmission. No therapeutics are currently available. The study of arbovirus infection in the mosquito vector can greatly contribute to elucidating strategies for controlling arbovirus transmission. This work investigated the infection of guts from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in an ex vivo platform. We found several MBVs capable of replicating in the gut tissue, including viruses of major health importance, such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. In addition, antiviral compounds reduced arbovirus infection in the cultured gut tissue. Overall, the gut model emerges as a useful tool for diverse applications such as studying tissue-specific responses to virus infection and screening potential anti-arboviral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucia Rosales Rosas
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lanjiao Wang
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Goossens
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arno Cuvry
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Li-Hsin Li
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nanci Santos-Ferreira
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alina Soto
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joana Rocha-Pereira
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Xin H, Romanazzo S, Tomaskovic-Crook E, Mitchell TC, Hung JC, Wise SG, Cheng K, Al Maruf DSA, Stokan MJ, Manzie TGH, Parthasarathi K, Cheung VKY, Gupta R, Ly M, Pulitano C, Wise IK, Crook JM, Clark JR. Ex Vivo Preservation of Ovine Periosteum Using a Perfusion Bioreactor System. Cells 2023; 12:1724. [PMID: 37443758 PMCID: PMC10340137 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Periosteum is a highly vascularized membrane lining the surface of bones. It plays essential roles in bone repair following injury and reconstruction following invasive surgeries. To broaden the use of periosteum, including for augmenting in vitro bone engineering and/or in vivo bone repair, we have developed an ex vivo perfusion bioreactor system to maintain the cellular viability and metabolism of surgically resected periosteal flaps. Each specimen was placed in a 3D printed bioreactor connected to a peristaltic pump designed for the optimal flow rates of tissue perfusate. Nutrients and oxygen were perfused via the periosteal arteries to mimic physiological conditions. Biochemical assays and histological staining indicate component cell viability after perfusion for almost 4 weeks. Our work provides the proof-of-concept of ex vivo periosteum perfusion for long-term tissue preservation, paving the way for innovative bone engineering approaches that use autotransplanted periosteum to enhance in vivo bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xin
- Integrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sara Romanazzo
- Arto Hardy Family Biomedical Innovation Hub, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Eva Tomaskovic-Crook
- Arto Hardy Family Biomedical Innovation Hub, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Timothy C. Mitchell
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jui Chien Hung
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Steven G. Wise
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kai Cheng
- Integrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - D S Abdullah Al Maruf
- Integrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Murray J. Stokan
- Integrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Timothy G. H. Manzie
- Integrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Krishnan Parthasarathi
- Integrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Veronica K. Y. Cheung
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- The Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- The Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mark Ly
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- RPA Translational Center for Organ Assessment, Repair, and Optimization, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Carlo Pulitano
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- RPA Translational Center for Organ Assessment, Repair, and Optimization, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Innes K. Wise
- Laboratory Animal Services, Charles Perkins Center, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jeremy M. Crook
- Arto Hardy Family Biomedical Innovation Hub, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Jonathan R. Clark
- Integrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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14
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Agnass P, Rodermond HM, van Veldhuisen E, Vogel JA, Ten Cate R, van Lienden KP, van Gulik TM, Franken NAP, Oei AL, Kok HP, Besselink MG, Crezee J. Quantitative analysis of contribution of mild and moderate hyperthermia to thermal ablation and sensitization of irreversible electroporation of pancreatic cancer cells. J Therm Biol 2023; 115:103619. [PMID: 37437370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an ablation modality that applies short, high-voltage electric pulses to unresectable cancers. Although considered a non-thermal technique, temperatures do increase during IRE. This temperature rise sensitizes tumor cells for electroporation as well as inducing partial direct thermal ablation. AIM To evaluate the extent to which mild and moderate hyperthermia enhance electroporation effects, and to establish and validate in a pilot study cell viability models (CVM) as function of both electroporation parameters and temperature in a relevant pancreatic cancer cell line. METHODS Several IRE-protocols were applied at different well-controlled temperature levels (37 °C ≤ T ≤ 46 °C) to evaluate temperature dependent cell viability at enhanced temperatures in comparison to cell viability at T = 37 °C. A realistic sigmoid CVM function was used based on thermal damage probability with Arrhenius Equation and cumulative equivalent minutes at 43 °C (CEM43°C) as arguments, and fitted to the experimental data using "Non-linear-least-squares"-analysis. RESULTS Mild (40 °C) and moderate (46 °C) hyperthermic temperatures boosted cell ablation with up to 30% and 95%, respectively, mainly around the IRE threshold Eth,50% electric-field strength that results in 50% cell viability. The CVM was successfully fitted to the experimental data. CONCLUSION Both mild- and moderate hyperthermia significantly boost the electroporation effect at electric-field strengths neighboring Eth,50%. Inclusion of temperature in the newly developed CVM correctly predicted both temperature-dependent cell viability and thermal ablation for pancreatic cancer cells exposed to a relevant range of electric-field strengths/pulse parameters and mild moderate hyperthermic temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Agnass
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Radiation Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - H M Rodermond
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Radiation Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - E van Veldhuisen
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - J A Vogel
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - R Ten Cate
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Radiation Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - K P van Lienden
- Department of Intervention Radiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
| | - T M van Gulik
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - N A P Franken
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Radiation Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - A L Oei
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Radiation Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - H P Kok
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Radiation Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M G Besselink
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - J Crezee
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Radiation Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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De Hoon I, Boukherroub R, De Smedt SC, Szunerits S, Sauvage F. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models for Assessing Drug Permeation across the Cornea. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37314950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drug permeation across the cornea remains a major challenge due to its unique and complex anatomy and physiology. Static barriers such as the different layers of the cornea, as well as dynamic aspects such as the constant renewal of the tear film and the presence of the mucin layer together with efflux pumps, all present unique challenges for effective ophthalmic drug delivery. To overcome some of the current ophthalmic drug limitations, the identification and testing of novel drug formulations such as liposomes, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles began to be considered and widely explored. In the early stages of corneal drug development reliable in vitro and ex vivo alternatives, are required, to be in line with the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement), with such methods being in addition faster and more ethical alternatives to in vivo studies. The ocular field remains limited to a handful of predictive models for ophthalmic drug permeation. In vitro cell culture models are increasingly used when it comes to transcorneal permeation studies. Ex vivo models using excised animal tissue such as porcine eyes are the model of choice to study corneal permeation and promising advancements have been reported over the years. Interspecies characteristics must be considered in detail when using such models. This review updates the current knowledge about in vitro and ex vivo corneal permeability models and evaluates their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès De Hoon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Contreras‐Llano LE, Liu Y, Henson T, Meyer CC, Baghdasaryan O, Khan S, Lin C, Wang A, Hu CJ, Tan C. Engineering Cyborg Bacteria Through Intracellular Hydrogelation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204175. [PMID: 36628538 PMCID: PMC10037956 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural and artificial cells are two common chassis in synthetic biology. Natural cells can perform complex tasks through synthetic genetic constructs, but their autonomous replication often causes safety concerns for biomedical applications. In contrast, artificial cells based on nonreplicating materials, albeit possessing reduced biochemical complexity, provide more defined and controllable functions. Here, for the first time, the authors create hybrid material-cell entities termed Cyborg Cells. To create Cyborg Cells, a synthetic polymer network is assembled inside each bacterium, rendering them incapable of dividing. Cyborg Cells preserve essential functions, including cellular metabolism, motility, protein synthesis, and compatibility with genetic circuits. Cyborg Cells also acquire new abilities to resist stressors that otherwise kill natural cells. Finally, the authors demonstrate the therapeutic potential by showing invasion into cancer cells. This work establishes a new paradigm in cellular bioengineering by exploiting a combination of intracellular man-made polymers and their interaction with the protein networks of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu‐Han Liu
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Tanner Henson
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaDavis School of MedicineSacramentoCA95817USA
| | - Conary C. Meyer
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
| | | | - Shahid Khan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
| | - Chi‐Long Lin
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaDavis School of MedicineSacramentoCA95817USA
| | - Che‐Ming J. Hu
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Cheemeng Tan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
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17
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Ybañez WS, Bagamasbad PD. Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) links hormone dysregulation and circadian disruption to breast cancer pathogenesis. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:33. [PMID: 36823570 PMCID: PMC9948451 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian disruption is an emerging driver of breast cancer (BCa), with epidemiological studies linking shift work and chronic jet lag to increased BCa risk. Indeed, several clock genes participate in the gating of mitotic entry, regulation of DNA damage response, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, thus impacting BCa etiology. Dysregulated estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) and glucocorticoid (GC) signaling prevalent in BCa may further contribute to clock desynchrony by directly regulating the expression and cycling dynamics of genes comprising the local breast oscillator. In this study, we investigated the tumor suppressor gene, Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9), as an important point of crosstalk between hormone signaling and the circadian molecular network, and further examine its functional role in BCa. METHODS Through meta-analysis of publicly available RNA- and ChIP-sequencing datasets from BCa tumor samples and cell lines, and gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR and enhancer- reporter assays, we elucidated the molecular mechanism behind the clock and hormone regulation of KLF9. Lentiviral knockdown and overexpression of KLF9 in three distinct breast epithelial cell lines (MCF10A, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) was generated to demonstrate the role of KLF9 in orthogonal assays on breast epithelial survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. RESULTS We determined that KLF9 is a direct GC receptor target in mammary epithelial cells, and that induction is likely mediated through coordinate transcriptional activation from multiple GC-responsive enhancers in the KLF9 locus. More interestingly, rhythmic expression of KLF9 in MCF10A cells was abolished in the highly aggressive MDA-MB-231 line. In turn, forced expression of KLF9 altered the baseline and GC/E2-responsive expression of several clock genes, indicating that KLF9 may function as a regulator of the core clock machinery. Characterization of the role of KLF9 using complementary cancer hallmark assays in the context of the hormone-circadian axis revealed that KLF9 plays a tumor-suppressive role in BCa regardless of molecular subtype. KLF9 potentiated the anti-tumorigenic effects of GC in E2 receptor + luminal MCF7 cells, while it restrained GC-enhanced oncogenicity in triple-negative MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings support that dysregulation of KLF9 expression and oscillation in BCa impinges on circadian network dynamics, thus ultimately affecting the BCa oncogenic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weand S. Ybañez
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila 1101 Philippines
| | - Pia D. Bagamasbad
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila 1101 Philippines
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18
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Intraspecific Diversity and Pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates from an Emetic Illness. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020089. [PMID: 36828404 PMCID: PMC9963800 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes an emetic food-borne intoxication associated with a Bacillus cereus group species and the characterization of the bacterial isolates from the incident in aspects of molecular tying, genetic factors, cytotoxicity, and pathogenic mechanisms relating to emetic illness. Through the polyphasic identification approach, all seven isolates obtained from food and clinical samples were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis. According to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, intraspecific diversity was found within the B. thuringiensis isolates. Four allelic profiles were found, including two previously known STs (ST8 and ST15) and two new STs (ST2804 and ST2805). All isolates harbored gene fragments located in the cereulide synthetase (ces) gene cluster. The heat-treated culture supernatants of three emetic B. thuringiensis isolates, FC2, FC7, and FC8, caused vacuolation and exhibited toxicity to Caco-2 cells, with CC50 values of 56.57, 72.17, and 79.94 µg/mL, respectively. The flow cytometry with the Annexin V/PI assay revealed both apoptosis and necrosis mechanisms, but necrosis was the prominent mechanism that caused Caco-2 cell destruction by FC2, the most toxic isolate.
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19
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García-Cuellar CM, Hernández-Delgadillo R, Torres-Betancourt JA, Solis-Soto JM, Meester I, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Pineda-Aguilar N, Nakagoshi-Cepeda SE, Sánchez-Nájera RI, Nakagoshi-Cepeda MAA, Chellam S, Cabral-Romero C. Cumulative antitumor effect of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles and cetylpyridinium chloride in inhibiting the growth of lung cancer. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2023; 21:22808000231161177. [PMID: 36942951 DOI: 10.1177/22808000231161177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the combined antitumor effect of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NP) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on human lung tumor cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The human lung tumor cells A549 were exposed to 1-100 µM BisBAL NP or CPC, either separately or in a 1:1 combination. Cell viability was measured with the PrestoBlue assay, the LIVE/DEAD assay, and fluorescence microscopy. The integrity and morphology of cellular microtubules were analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS A 24-h exposure to 1 µM solutions reduced A549 growth with 21.5% for BisBAL NP, 70.5% for CPC, and 92.4% for the combination (p < 0.0001), while a 50 µM BisBAL NP/CPC mixture inhibited cell growth with 99% (p < 0.0001). BisBAL NP-curcumin conjugates were internalized within 30 min of exposure and could be traced within the nucleus of tumor cells within 2 h. BisBAL NP, but not CPC, interfered with microtubule organization, thus interrupting cell replication, similar to the action mechanism of docetaxel. CONCLUSION The growth inhibition of A549 human tumor cells by BisBAL NP and CPC was cumulative as of 1 µM. The BisBAL NP/CPC combination may constitute an innovative and cost-effective alternative for treating human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rene Hernández-Delgadillo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - Juan Manuel Solis-Soto
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Irene Meester
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, México
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Nayely Pineda-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV), Unidad Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Sergio Eduardo Nakagoshi-Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Rosa Isela Sánchez-Nájera
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | | | | | - Claudio Cabral-Romero
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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20
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Admella J, Torrents E. A Straightforward Method for the Isolation and Cultivation of Galleria mellonella Hemocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13483. [PMID: 36362269 PMCID: PMC9657452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Galleria mellonella is an alternative animal model of infection. The use of this species presents a wide range of advantages, as its maintenance and rearing are both easy and inexpensive. Moreover, its use is considered to be more ethically acceptable than other models, it is conveniently sized for manipulation, and its immune system has multiple similarities with mammalian immune systems. Hemocytes are immune cells that help encapsulate and eliminate pathogens and foreign particles. All of these reasons make this insect a promising animal model. However, cultivating G. mellonella hemocytes in vitro is not straightforward and it has many difficult challenges. Here, we present a methodologically optimized protocol to establish and maintain a G. mellonella hemocyte primary culture. These improvements open the door to easily and quickly study the toxicity of nanoparticles and the interactions of particles and materials in an in vitro environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Admella
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Jain A, Jobson I, Griffin M, Rahman R, Smith S, Rawson FJ. Electric field responsive nanotransducers for glioblastoma. Bioelectron Med 2022; 8:17. [PMID: 36258238 PMCID: PMC9580136 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-022-00099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electric field therapies such as Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) have emerged as a bioelectronic treatment for isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type and IDH mutant grade 4 astrocytoma Glioblastoma (GBM). TTFields rely on alternating current (AC) electric fields (EF) leading to the disruption of dipole alignment and induced dielectrophoresis (DEP) during cytokinesis. Although TTFields have a favourable side effect profile, particularly compared to cytotoxic chemotherapy, survival benefits remain limited (~ 4.9 months) after an extensive treatment regime (20 hours/day for 18 months). The cost of the technology also limits its clinical adoption worldwide. Therefore, the discovery of new technology that can enhance both the therapeutic efficiency and efficacy of these TTFields will be of great benefit to cancer treatment and decrease healthcare costs worldwide. Methods In this work, we report the role of electrically conductive gold (GNPs), dielectric silica oxide (SiO2), and semiconductor zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) as transducers for enhancing EF mediated anticancer effects on patient derived GBM cells. Physicochemical properties of these NPs were analyzed using spectroscopic, electron microscopy, and light-scattering techniques. Results In vitro TTFields studies indicated an enhanced reduction in the metabolic activity of patient-derived Glioma INvasive marginal (GIN 28) and Glioma contrast enhanced core (GCE 28) GBM As per our journal style, article titles should not include capitalised
letters unless these are proper nouns/acronyms. We have therefore used
the article title “Electric field responsive nanotransducers for
glioblastoma” as opposed to “Electric Field Responsive Nanotransducers
for Glioblastoma” as given in the submission system. Please check if
this is correct.cells in groups treated with NPs vs. control groups, irrespective of NPs dielectric properties. Our results indicate the inorganic NPs used in this work enhance the intracellular EF effects that could be due to the virtue of bipolar dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic effects. Conclusions This work presents preliminary evidence which could help to improve future EF applications for bioelectronic medicine. Furthermore, the merits of spherical morphology, excellent colloidal stability, and low toxicity, make these NPs ideal for future studies for elucidating the detailed mechanism and efficacy upon their delivery in GBM preclinical models. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42234-022-00099-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Jain
- Bioelectronics Laboratory, Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Isobel Jobson
- Bioelectronics Laboratory, Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michaela Griffin
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stuart Smith
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Department of Neurosurgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- Bioelectronics Laboratory, Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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22
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Shen H, Kushioka J, Toya M, Utsunomiya T, Hirata H, Huang EE, Tsubosaka M, Gao Q, Li X, Teissier V, Zhang N, Goodman SB. Sex differences in the therapeutic effect of unaltered versus NFκB sensing IL-4 over-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells in a murine model of chronic inflammatory bone loss. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:962114. [PMID: 36046680 PMCID: PMC9421000 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.962114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wear particles from joint arthroplasties induce chronic inflammation associated with prolonged upregulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling in macrophages and osteoclasts, which leads to osteolysis and implant loosening. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy showed great potential for immunomodulation and mitigation of osteolysis in vivo, especially in the chronic phase of inflammation. We previously generated genetically modified MSCs that secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4) in response to NF-κB activation (NFκB-IL-4 MSCs). However, whether the impact of sexual difference in the internal environment can alter the therapeutic effects of IL-4 over-secreting MSCs that simultaneously mitigate prolonged inflammation and enhance bone formation remains unknown. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of unaltered MSCs versus NFκB-IL-4 MSCs in mitigating chronic inflammation and enhancing bone formation in male and female mice. The murine model was established by continuous infusion of polyethylene particles contaminated with lipopolysaccharide (cPE) into the medullary cavity of the distal femur for 6 weeks to induce chronic inflammation. Unaltered MSCs or NFκB-IL-4 MSCs were infused into the femoral intramedullary cavity in sex-matched groups beginning 3 weeks after primary surgery. Femurs were harvested at 6 weeks, and bone marrow density was measured with micro-computational tomography. Numbers of osteoclast-like cells, osteoblasts, and macrophages were evaluated with histochemical and immunofluorescence staining. cPE infusion resulted in severe bone loss at the surgery site, increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive osteoclasts and M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages, and decreased alkaline phosphatase expression. MSC-based therapy effectively decreased local bone loss and polarized M1 macrophages into an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. In females, unaltered MSCs demonstrated a larger impact in enhancing the osteogenesis, but they demonstrated similar anti-inflammatory effects compared to NFκB-IL-4 MSCs. These results demonstrated that local inflammatory bone loss can be effectively modulated via MSC-based treatments in a sexually dimorphic manner, which could be an efficacious therapeutic strategy for treatment of periprosthetic osteolysis in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaishuang Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Junichi Kushioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Masakazu Toya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Hirohito Hirata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ejun Elijah Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Masanori Tsubosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xueping Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Teissier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Stuart B. Goodman,
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23
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Golding M, Light O, Williamson B, Ménochet K. Use of selective substrates and inhibitors to rapidly characterise batches of cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes for assessment of active uptake liability in drug discovery and development. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:868-877. [PMID: 36121307 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2124388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of hepatocytes to predict human hepatic metabolic clearance is the gold standard approach. However whilst enzymes are well characterised, knowledge gaps remain for transporters. Furthermore, methods to study specific transporter involvement are often complicated by overlapping substrate specificity. Selective substrates and inhibitors would aid investigations into clinically relevant pharmacokinetic effects. However, to date no consensus has been reached.This work defines selective hepatic uptake transporter substrates and inhibitors for the six main human hepatocyte transporters (OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, NTCP, OAT2 & OCT1), and demonstrates their use to rapidly characterise batches of human hepatocytes for uptake transporter activity. Hepatic uptake was determined across a range of substrate concentrations, allowing the definition of kinetic parameters and hence active and passive components. Systematic investigations identified a specific substrate and inhibitor for each transporter, with no overlap between the specificity of substrate and inhibitor for any given transporter.Early characterisation of compound interactions with uptake transporters will aid in early risk assessment and chemistry design. Hence, this work further highlights the feasibility of a refined methodology for rapid compound characterisation for the application of static and dynamic models, for early clinical risk assessment and guidance for the clinical development plan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Light
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Biopharma, Slough, UK
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24
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Yoon S, Windoffer R, Kozyrina AN, Piskova T, Di Russo J, Leube RE. Combining Image Restoration and Traction Force Microscopy to Study Extracellular Matrix-Dependent Keratin Filament Network Plasticity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901038. [PMID: 35646906 PMCID: PMC9131083 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments are dynamic cytoskeletal components that are responsible for tuning the mechanical properties of epithelial tissues. Although it is known that keratin filaments (KFs) are able to sense and respond to changes in the physicochemical properties of the local niche, a direct correlation of the dynamic three-dimensional network structure at the single filament level with the microenvironment has not been possible. Using conventional approaches, we find that keratin flow rates are dependent on extracellular matrix (ECM) composition but are unable to resolve KF network organization at the single filament level in relation to force patterns. We therefore developed a novel method that combines a machine learning-based image restoration technique and traction force microscopy to decipher the fine details of KF network properties in living cells grown on defined ECM patterns. Our approach utilizes Content-Aware Image Restoration (CARE) to enhance the temporal resolution of confocal fluorescence microscopy by at least five fold while preserving the spatial resolution required for accurate extraction of KF network structure at the single KF/KF bundle level. The restored images are used to segment the KF network, allowing numerical analyses of its local properties. We show that these tools can be used to study the impact of ECM composition and local mechanical perturbations on KF network properties and corresponding traction force patterns in size-controlled keratinocyte assemblies. We were thus able to detect increased curvature but not length of KFs on laminin-322 versus fibronectin. Photoablation of single cells in microprinted circular quadruplets revealed surprisingly little but still significant changes in KF segment length and curvature that were paralleled by an overall reduction in traction forces without affecting global network orientation in the modified cell groups irrespective of the ECM coating. Single cell analyses furthermore revealed differential responses to the photoablation that were less pronounced on laminin-332 than on fibronectin. The obtained results illustrate the feasibility of combining multiple techniques for multimodal monitoring and thereby provide, for the first time, a direct comparison between the changes in KF network organization at the single filament level and local force distribution in defined paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Yoon
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Windoffer
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra N Kozyrina
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr, Aachen, Germany
| | - Teodora Piskova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jacopo Di Russo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Luzak B, Siarkiewicz P, Boncler M. An evaluation of a new high-sensitivity PrestoBlue assay for measuring cell viability and drug cytotoxicity using EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105407. [PMID: 35659575 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Commercially-available resazurin-based reagents used for cell viability assessment contain varying amounts of resorufin; these may contribute to differences in autofluorescence, signal-to-background (S/B) ratio and the dynamic range of the assay. OBJECTIVES This in vitro study compares the sensitivity of a new, high-sensitivity PrestoBlue (hs-PB) assay with standard PrestoBlue (PB) in assessing the efficacy of valinomycin and antimycin A in human vascular endothelial EA.hy926 cells, as well as cell viability. METHODS The metabolic activity of EA.hy926 was evaluated based on resorufin fluorescence or formazan absorbance. RESULTS The hs-PB assay demonstrated lower resorufin autofluorescence than the PB, resulting in a ≥ 1.4-fold increase in S/B ratio in hs-PB compared to PB. Valinomycin was more potent cytotoxic agent than antimycin A. The hs-PB, PB and MTT produced similar IC50 values for valinomycin. Antimycin A demonstrated significantly higher potency in the MTT than in the resazurin-based assays. The EA.hy926 cells demonstrated higher metabolic activity in the presence of the antimycin A solvent - DMSO. CONCLUSION All the examined methods may be used interchangeably to analyze drug cytotoxicity. Any differences in drug cytotoxicity observed between the assays may be due to relatively low drug potency and/or the influence of solvent on metabolism of assay reagent. The hs-PB assay appears to more effectively detect cell viability and produce a stronger signal than its conventional counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boguslawa Luzak
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Siarkiewicz
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Boncler
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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26
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Nanofibrous materials affect the reaction of cytotoxicity assays. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9047. [PMID: 35641539 PMCID: PMC9156782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanofibrous materials are widely investigated as a replacement for the extracellular matrix, the 3D foundation for cells in all tissues. However, as with every medical material, nanofibers too must pass all safety evaluations like in vitro cytotoxicity assays or in vivo animal tests. Our literature research showed that differences in results of widely used cytotoxicity assays applied to evaluate nanofibrous materials are poorly understood. To better explore this issue, we prepared three nanofibrous materials with similar physical properties made of poly-L-lactic acid, polyurethane, and polycaprolactone. We tested five metabolic cytotoxicity assays (MTT, XTT, CCK-8, alamarBlue, PrestoBlue) and obtained different viability results for the same nanofibrous materials. Further, the study revealed that nanofibrous materials affect the reaction of cytotoxicity assays. Considering the results of both described experiments, it is evident that validating all available cytotoxicity assays for nanofibrous materials and possibly other highly porous materials should be carefully planned and verified using an additional analytical tool, like scanning electron microscopy or, more preferably, confocal microscopy.
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27
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Li J, Cui X, Lindberg G, Alcala-Orozco CR, Hooper GJ, Lim K, Woodfield TBF. Hybrid fabrication of photo-clickable vascular hydrogels with additive manufactured titanium implants for enhanced osseointegration and vascularized bone formation. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35320796 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac6051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration of critical-sized bone defects, bone fractures or joint replacements remains a significant unmet clinical challenge. Although there has been rapid advancement in both the fields of bone tissue engineering and additive manufacturing (AM), functional bone implants with rapid vascularization capacity to ensure osseointegration and long-term biological fixation in large bone defects remains limited in clinics. In this study, we developed an in vitro vascularized bone implant by combining cell-laden hydrogels with direct metal printed (DMP) porous titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V). 5wt% allylated gelatin (GelAGE), was utilized to co-encapsulate human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate concurrent osteogenic and vasculogenic performance. DMP macro-porous Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds were subsequently infused/enriched with cell-laden GelAGE to examine the feasibility to deliver cells and engineer vascular-like networks in the hybrid implant. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, a full-scale porous Ti-6Al-4V acetabular cup was impregnated with cell-laden hydrogel to validate the clinical potential of this strategy. The vasculogenic potential was evaluated by examining micro-capillary formation coupled with capillary network maturation and stabilization. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed via ALP activity as well as osteocalcin and osteopontin expression. Our results suggested that GelAGE supported HUVECs spreading and vascular-like network formation, along with osteogenesis of hMSCs. Titanium hybrid constructs with cell-laden hydrogel demonstrated enhanced osteogenesis with similar vasculogenic capability compared to the cell-laden hydrogel alone constructs. The full-scale implant with cell-laden hydrogel coating similarly showed cell distribution and spreading, implying the potential for further clinical application. Our study presents the feasibility of integrating bio-functional hydrogels with porous titanium implants to fabricate a vascularized hybrid construct with both mechanical support and preferable biological functionality (osteogenesis/vasculogenesis), which paves the way for improved strategies to enhance bone regeneration in complex large bone defects achieving long-term bone-implant fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery , University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, Christchurch, Canterbury, 8011, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- University of Otago Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Gabriella Lindberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Cesar R Alcala-Orozco
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Gary J Hooper
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, Christchurch, 8140, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Khoon Lim
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, Christchurch, 8140, NEW ZEALAND
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García-Cuellar CM, Cabral-Romero C, Hernández-Delgadillo R, Solis-Soto JM, Meester I, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Nakagoshi-Cepeda SE, Pineda-Aguilar N, Sánchez-Nájera RI, Nakagoshi-Cepeda MAA, Chellam S. Bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NP) inhibit the growth of tumor cells in a mouse melanoma model. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2548-2557. [PMID: 35168526 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220215124434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to analyze the antitumor effect of BisBAL NP in a mouse melanoma model. MATERIAL AND METHODS The antitumor activity of BisBAL NP on murine B16-F10 melanoma cells was determined both in vitro (PrestoBlue cell viability assay and Live/Dead fluorescence) and in vivo, in a mouse model, with the following 15-day treatments: BisBAL NP, negative control (PBS), and cell-death control (docetaxel; DTX). Mouse survival and weight, as well as the tumor volume were recorded daily during the in vivo study. RESULTS BisBAL NP were homogeneous in size (mean diameter, 14.7 nm) and bismuth content. In vitro, 0.1 mg/mL BisBAL NP inhibited B16-F10 cell growth stronger (88%) than 0.1 mg/mL DTX (82%) (p<0.0001). In vivo, tumors in mice treated with BisBAL NP (50 mg/kg/day) or DTX (10 mg/kg/day) were 76% and 85% smaller than the tumors of negative control mice (p<0.0001). The average weight of mice was 18.1 g and no statistically significant difference was detected among groups during the study. Alopecia was only observed in all DTX-treated mice. The survival rate was 100% for the control and BisBAL NP groups, but one DTX- treated mouse died at the end of the treatment period. The histopathological analysis revealed that exposure to BisBAL NP was cytotoxic for tumor tissue only, without affecting the liver or kidney. CONCLUSION BisBAL NP decreased the tumor growing in a mouse melanoma model without secondary effects, constituting an innovative low-cost alternative to treat melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Cabral-Romero
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Rene Hernández-Delgadillo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Juan Manuel Solis-Soto
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Irene Meester
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, México
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sergio Eduardo Nakagoshi-Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Nayely Pineda-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV), Unidad Monterrey, Nuevo León eTexas M University, TX, USA
| | - Rosa Isela Sánchez-Nájera
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - Shankararaman Chellam
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitario Dr José Eleuterio Gonzalez, Mexico
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Arsenie LV, Semsarilar M, Brendel JC, Lacroix-Desmazes P, Ladmiral V, Catrouillet S. Supramolecular co-assembly of water-soluble nucleobase-containing copolymers: bioinspired synthetic platforms towards new biomimetic materials. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00872f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the development of new co-assembled copolymers architectures at physiological pH (pH=7.4) formed via H-bonds between complementary nucleobase-containing copolymers. Well-defined hydrophilic copolymers were synthesised by RAFT polymerisation: statistical...
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Gut Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Protects INS-1 β-Cell and Rat Islet Function under Diabetic Glucolipotoxic Conditions. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121892. [PMID: 34944536 PMCID: PMC8699500 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum accumulation of the gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with high caloric intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Impaired pancreatic β-cell function is a hallmark of diet-induced T2D, which is linked to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. While TMAO production via the gut microbiome-liver axis is well defined, its molecular effects on metabolic tissues are unclear, since studies in various tissues show deleterious and beneficial TMAO effects. We investigated the molecular effects of TMAO on functional β-cell mass. We hypothesized that TMAO may damage functional β-cell mass by inhibiting β-cell viability, survival, proliferation, or function to promote T2D pathogenesis. We treated INS-1 832/13 β-cells and primary rat islets with physiological TMAO concentrations and compared functional β-cell mass under healthy standard cell culture (SCC) and T2D-like glucolipotoxic (GLT) conditions. GLT significantly impeded β-cell mass and function by inducing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. TMAO normalized GLT-mediated damage in β-cells and primary islet function. Acute 40µM TMAO recovered insulin production, insulin granule formation, and insulin secretion by upregulating the IRE1α unfolded protein response to GLT-induced ER and oxidative stress. These novel results demonstrate that TMAO protects β-cell function and suggest that TMAO may play a beneficial molecular role in diet-induced T2D conditions.
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Hua L, Qian H, Lei T, Liu W, He X, Hu Y, Lei P. Triggering Drug Release and Thermal-Disrupting Interface Induced Mitigation of Composite Photothermal Hydrogel Treating Infectious Wounds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:796602. [PMID: 34966728 PMCID: PMC8710761 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.796602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With the development of photothermal technology, the appearance of composite photothermal hydrogels has increased the selectivity of treating infectious skin defects. However, how to design composite photothermal hydrogel with better antibacterial performance, reduce the resistance rate of bacteria, and the damage rate of normal tissue still needs further study. Methods: The Prussian blue and tannic acid were loaded on polyacrylamide hydrogels. Characterization of DLS, Zeta potential, UV absorption spectrum, hydrogel swelling rate, scanning electronic microscopic, drug release profile, photothermal properties, in vitro cytocompatibility, and antibacterial properties. Experiments were measured by skin defect repair, antibacterial detection, and histological staining experiments. Results: The polyacrylamide hydrogel with photothermal effect and controllable release of tannic acid was successfully prepared. The hydrogel has strong light transmittance and adhesion, and the swelling rate can reach 600%, which improves the self-cleaning ability. SEM results showed the porous structure of hydrogels, promoting cell growth. Through photothermal switches, the composite hydrogel represented adjustable and controllable drug release ability. Combined with the synergistic antibacterial effect of tannic acid, this further enhanced the antibacterial ability and reduced the probability of antibiotic resistance. The in vitro and in vivo experiments showed the hydrogel had good biocompatibility and excellent antibacterial properties, which could promote the repair of infectious skin defects in SD rats. Conclusion: We fabricated a hydrogel with a triggering drug release rate, alleviating heat damage, transparent morphology, mechanical stability, strong adhesion, good biocompatibility, and synergistic antibacterial ability, which presents new treatment options for infectious skin defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Changsha, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hu Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Changsha, China
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Rehman AU, Hassan M, Bano S, Farooq K, Raza A, Naeem Anjum M. In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility study of polyacrylate TiO 2@Ag coated nanoparticles for the radiation dose enhancement. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:185-193. [PMID: 33620276 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.1889574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy, functionalised core-shell nanoparticles (CS NPs) are used as a radiosensitizer. These NPs can act as a therapeutic agent and carrier for other therapeutic agents. In this study, the first poly-acrylic acid modified silver-coated titanium dioxide NPs were fabricated to evaluate the radiation dose enhancement within the human tissue equivalent polymer gel after investigating the biocompatibility. Macrophage cell line and rats model were used for in vitro and in vivo study respectively. Two different beam qualities were applied to quantify the radiation dose enhancement with different concentrations of NPs in the polymer gel. The dose enhancement factors (DEFs) indicated that these biocompatible CS NPs are more effective for the radiation dose enhancement at low energy x-rays (80 kV) as compared to the high energy gamma (1.25 MeV Co60). These results suggested that functionalised core-shell silver-coated titanium dioxide NPs have great potential as a radiosensitizer in radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateeque Ur Rehman
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Bano
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Khizir Farooq
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Aun Raza
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Muhammad Naeem Anjum
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Johnston E, Kou Y, Junge J, Chen L, Kochan A, Johnston M, Rabago D. Hypertonic Dextrose Stimulates Chondrogenic Cells to Deposit Collagen and Proliferate. Cartilage 2021; 13:213S-224S. [PMID: 34109827 PMCID: PMC8804764 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211014572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertonic dextrose (HD) injections (prolotherapy) for osteoarthritis are reported to reduce pain. Cartilage regeneration is hypothesized as a mechanism. This in vitro study identifies an HD concentration that stimulates chondrogenic cells to increase metabolic activity and assesses whether this concentration affects collagen deposition and proliferation. DESIGN ATDC5 chondrogenic cells were cultured in normoglycemic DMEM/F12 medium, treated with concentrations of HD (4-400 mM), and assessed with PrestoBlue. Advanced light microscopy was used to conduct live imaging of collagen deposition through second harmonic generation microscopy (SHG) and proliferation via 2-photon excitation microscopy. Proliferation was additionally assessed with hemocytometer counts. RESULTS A linear regression model found that, relative to the 4 mM baseline control, cells treated with 200 mM had a higher mean absorbance (P = 0.023) and cells treated with 250 mM were trending toward a higher mean absorbance (P = 0.076). Polynomial regression interpolated 240 mM as producing the highest average absorbance. Hemocytometer counts validated 250 mM as stimulating proliferation compared with the 4 mM control (P < 0.01). A concentration of 250 mM HD led to an increase in collagen deposition compared with that observed in control (P < 0.05). This HD concentration also led to increases in proliferation of ATDC5 cells relative to that of control (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A 250 mM HD solution appears to be associated with increased metabolic activity of chondrocytes, increased collagen deposition, and increased chondrocyte proliferation. These results support clinical prolotherapy research suggesting that intra-articular HD joint injections reduce knee pain. Further study of HD and cellular processes is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Kou
- Molecular and Computational Biology,
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
CA, USA
| | - Jason Junge
- Imaging Services, Advanced Light
Microscopy Core, Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biological
Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David Rabago
- Department of Family and Community
Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA,David Rabago, Department of Family and
Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, P.O.
Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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34
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Hua L, Qian H, Lei T, Zhang Y, Lei P, Hu Y. 3D-Printed Porous Tantalum Coated with Antitubercular Drugs Achieving Antibacterial Properties and Good Biocompatibility. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100338. [PMID: 34708567 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of bone and joint tuberculosis remains a challenge. The development of tissue-engineered drug-loaded biomaterials has increased the therapeutic options. However, for the treatment of osteoarticular tuberculosis with severe local infection risks and high weight-bearing requirements, it is still necessary to design materials consistent with bone biomechanics, cytocompatibility, and osteogenesis and to provide more effective antimicrobial functions. The antitubercular drugs isoniazid and rifampicin are loaded with gellan gum, and a 3D-printed porous tantalum surface is treated with polydopamine to increase adhesion. The osteogenic induction and differentiation are tested using alkaline phosphatase, alizarin red staining, sirius red staining, and polymerase chain reaction testing. Bone regeneration in vivo is measured by X-ray, micro-computerized tomography, hard tissue sections, and fluorescence staining. The drug is released slowly in vitro and in vivo, increasing the duration of antibacterial action. The composite bio-scaffolds inhibit Staphylococcus aureus growth, have good biocompatibility, and does not inhibit the induction of osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The composite bio-scaffold can simultaneously achieve localized long-term controlled drug release and bone regeneration and is a promising route for bone and joint tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P. R. China
| | - Hu Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Contribution of Ezrin on the Cell Surface Plasma Membrane Localization of Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 in Human Choriocarcinoma JEG-3 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100963. [PMID: 34681187 PMCID: PMC8540387 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies targeting programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) have improved survival in patients with conventional single agent chemotherapy-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). However, many patients are resistant to ICB therapy, the mechanisms of which are poorly understood. Unraveling the regulatory mechanism for PD-L1 expression may provide a new strategy to improve ICB therapy in patients with GTN. Here, we investigated whether the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family, i.e., a group of scaffold proteins that crosslink actin cytoskeletons with several plasma membrane proteins, plays a role in the regulation of PD-L1 expression using JEG-3 cells, a representative human choriocarcinoma cell line. Our results demonstrate mRNA and protein expressions of ezrin, radixin, and PD-L1, as well as their colocalization in the plasma membrane. Intriguingly, immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that PD-L1 interacted with both ezrin and radixin and the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, gene silencing of ezrin but not radixin strongly diminished the cell surface expression of PD-L1 without altering the mRNA level. These results indicate that ezrin may contribute to the cell surface localization of PD-L1 as a scaffold protein in JEG-3 cells, highlighting a potential therapeutic target to improve the current ICB therapy in GTN.
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Tanaka C, Kobori T, Tameishi M, Urashima Y, Ito T, Obata T. Ezrin Modulates the Cell Surface Expression of Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 in Human Cervical Adenocarcinoma Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:5648. [PMID: 34577118 PMCID: PMC8469114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells employ programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint protein that binds to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and is highly expressed in various cancers, including cervical carcinoma, to abolish T-cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Despite a key role of PD-L1 in various cancer cell types, the regulatory mechanism for PD-L1 expression is largely unknown. Understanding this mechanism could provide a novel strategy for cervical cancer therapy. Here, we investigated the influence of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family scaffold proteins, crosslinking the actin cytoskeleton and certain plasma membrane proteins, on the expression of PD-L1 in HeLa cells. Our results showed that all proteins were expressed at mRNA and protein levels and that all ERM proteins were highly colocalized with PD-L1 in the plasma membrane. Interestingly, immunoprecipitation assay results demonstrated that PD-L1 interacted with ERM as well as actin cytoskeleton proteins. Furthermore, gene silencing of ezrin, but not radixin and moesin, remarkably decreased the protein expression of PD-L1 without affecting its mRNA expression. In conclusion, ezrin may function as a scaffold protein for PD-L1; regulate PD-L1 protein expression, possibly via post-translational modification in HeLa cells; and serve as a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer, improving the current immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Osaka, Japan; (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
| | - Takuro Kobori
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Osaka, Japan; (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
| | - Mayuka Tameishi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Osaka, Japan; (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
| | - Yoko Urashima
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Osaka, Japan; (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
| | - Takuya Ito
- Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Tokio Obata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Osaka, Japan; (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
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Baru A, Sharma S, Purakayastha BPD, Khan S, Mazumdar S, Gupta R, Kundu PK, Arora NM. AXTEX-4D: A Three-Dimensional Ex Vivo Platform for Preclinical Investigations of Immunotherapy Agents. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2021; 19:361-372. [PMID: 34319797 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2021.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest advancements in oncology are majorly focused on immuno-oncology (I-O) therapies. However, only ∼7% of drugs are being approved from the preclinical discovery phase to phase 1. The most challenging issues in I-O are the development of active and efficient drugs in an economically feasible way and in a comparatively short time for testing and validation. This mandates an urgent need for the upgradation of preclinical screening models that closely mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment (TME). The established and most common methods for investigating the tumoricidal activity of I-O drugs are either two-dimensional systems or primary tumor cells in standard tissue culture vessels. Unfortunately, they do not mimic the TME. Consequently, the more in vivo-like three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroids are quickly becoming the favored model to examine immune cell-mediated responses in reaction to the administration of I-O drugs. Despite many advantages of multicellular spheroids, challenges (e.g., incompatibility of quantitative assays with spheroid platforms) are still involved in the tedious procedures required for the spheroid culture that is holding back the biological community from adapting the well-recognized spheroid tissue models for studying drug delivery more widely. To this end, we have demonstrated the utility of the 3D ex vivo oncology model, developed on our novel AXTEX-4D™ platform to assess therapeutic efficacies of I-O drugs by investigating immune cell proliferation, migration, infiltration, cytokine profiling, and cytotoxicity of tumor tissueoids. The platform eliminates the need for additional biomolecules such as hydrogels and instead relies on the cancer cells themselves to create their own gradients and microenvironmental factors. In effect, the more comprehensive and ex vivo-like immune-oncology model developed on AXTEX-4D platform can be utilized for high-throughput screening of immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambica Baru
- Mammalian Cell Culture Lab, Premas Biotech Pvt, Ltd., Sector IV, IMT, Manesar, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Mammalian Cell Culture Lab, Premas Biotech Pvt, Ltd., Sector IV, IMT, Manesar, India
| | | | - Sameena Khan
- Mammalian Cell Culture Lab, Premas Biotech Pvt, Ltd., Sector IV, IMT, Manesar, India
| | - Saumyabrata Mazumdar
- Mammalian Cell Culture Lab, Premas Biotech Pvt, Ltd., Sector IV, IMT, Manesar, India
| | - Reeshu Gupta
- Mammalian Cell Culture Lab, Premas Biotech Pvt, Ltd., Sector IV, IMT, Manesar, India
| | - Prabuddha K Kundu
- Mammalian Cell Culture Lab, Premas Biotech Pvt, Ltd., Sector IV, IMT, Manesar, India
| | - Nupur Mehrotra Arora
- Mammalian Cell Culture Lab, Premas Biotech Pvt, Ltd., Sector IV, IMT, Manesar, India
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Dominijanni AJ, Devarasetty M, Forsythe SD, Votanopoulos KI, Soker S. Cell Viability Assays in Three-Dimensional Hydrogels: A Comparative Study of Accuracy. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:401-410. [PMID: 34082602 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems, such as tumor organoids and multicellular tumor spheroids, have been developed in part as a result of major advances in tissue engineering and biofabrication techniques. 3D cell culture offers great capabilities in drug development, screening, testing, and precision medicine owing to its physiological accuracy. However, since the inception of 3D systems, few methods have been reported to successfully analyze cell viability quantitatively within hydrogel constructs. In this study, we describe and compare commercially available viability assays developed for two-dimensional (2D) applications for use in 3D constructs composed of organic, synthetic, or hybrid hydrogel formulations. We utilized Promega's CellTiter-Glo®, CellTiter-Glo 3D, and CellTiter 96® MTS Assay along with Thermo Fisher's PrestoBlue™ assay to determine if these assays can be used accurately in 3D systems. Compared with direct cell viability commonly used in 2D cell culture, our results show cellular health output inaccuracies among each assay in differing hydrogel formulations. Our results should inform researchers of potential errors when using cell viability measurements in 3D cultures and conclude that microscopic imaging should be used, in combination, for validation. Impact statement Three-dimensional (3D) tissue organoids models are a valuable tool not only for studying drug toxicity but also for understanding human embryonic development, intra-tissue morphogenesis, and mechanisms of disease. In cancer organoids, such 3D models may be used for preclinical chemotherapy screening and for understanding cell death and viability mechanisms under physiologically relevant conditions. Cell viability assays are necessary for assessing the effect of biological reagents on cellular health and have been used on in vitro cell cultures for many years. With the increase of 3D systems in cellular biology research to determine therapeutic efficacy, two-dimensional assays that measure cell viability are being used outside their intended use on 3D constructs. In this study, we assess the accuracy of using various commercially available cell viability assays on different 3D hydrogel constructs to help researchers understand expected variability in their experimentation along microscopic imaging validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Dominijanni
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mahesh Devarasetty
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven D Forsythe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Konstantinos I Votanopoulos
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Linn AK, Samainukul N, Sakdee S, Butnampetch C, Li HC, Angsuthanasombat C, Katzenmeier G. N-Terminally Added Tag Selectively Enhances Heterologous Expression of VacA Cytotoxin Variants from Helicobacter pylori. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:643-650. [PMID: 33183185 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666201112122831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori secretes VacA cytotoxin displaying a high degree of polymorphic variations of which the highest VacA pathogenicity correlates with m1-type variant followed by VacA-m2. OBJECTIVE To comparatively evaluate expression in Escherichia coli of the mature VacA variants (m1- and m2-types) and their 33- and 55/59-kDa domains fused with His(6) tag at N- or C-terminus. METHODS All VacA clones expressed in E. coli TOP10™ were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. VacA inclusions were solubilized under native conditions (~150-rpm shaking at 37°C for 2 h in 20 mM HEPES (pH7.4) and 150 mM NaCl). Membrane-perturbing and cytotoxic activities of solubilized VacA proteins were assessed via liposome-entrapped dye leakage and resazurin- based cell viability assays, respectively. VacA binding to human gastric adenocarcinoma cells was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Side-chain hydrophobicity of VacA was analyzed through modeled structures constructed by homology- and ab initio-based modeling. RESULTS Both full-length VacA-m1 and 33-kDa domain were efficiently expressed only in the presence of N-terminal extension while its 55-kDa domain was capably expressed with either N- or Cterminal extension. Selectively enhanced expression was also observed for VacA-m2. Protein expression profiles revealed a critical period in IPTG-induced production of the 55-kDa domain with N-terminal extension unlike its C-terminal extension showing relatively stable expression. Both VacA- m1 isolated domains were able to independently bind to cultured gastric cells similar to the full- length toxin, albeit the 33-kDa domain exhibited significantly higher activity of membrane perturbation than others. Membrane-perturbing and cytotoxic activities observed for VacA-m1 appeared to be higher than those of VacA-m2. Homology-based modeling and sequence analysis suggested a potential structural impact of non-polar residues located at the N-terminus of the mature VacA toxin and its 33-kDa domain. CONCLUSION Our data provide molecular insights into selective influence of the N-terminally added tag on efficient expression of recombinant VacA variants, signifying biochemical and biological implications of the hydrophobic stretch within the N-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Khine Linn
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nitchakan Samainukul
- Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Cluster (BRIC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Somsri Sakdee
- Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Cluster (BRIC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Chonthicha Butnampetch
- Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Cluster (BRIC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Hui-Chun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chanan Angsuthanasombat
- Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Cluster (BRIC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Gerd Katzenmeier
- Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Cluster (BRIC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
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Mesquita FP, Lucena da Silva E, Souza PFN, Lima LB, Amaral JL, Zuercher W, Albuquerque LM, Rabenhorst SHB, Moreira-Nunes CA, Amaral de Moraes ME, Montenegro RC. Kinase inhibitor screening reveals aurora-a kinase is a potential therapeutic and prognostic biomarker of gastric cancer. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1376-1388. [PMID: 34160883 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common and deadly types of cancer in the world, and poor prognosis with treatment failure is widely reported in the literature. In this context, kinases have been considered a relevant choice for targeted therapy in gastric cancer. Here, we explore the antiproliferative and antimigratory effects of the AURKA inhibitor and the prognostic and therapeutic value as a biomarker of gastric cancer. A total of 145 kinase inhibitors were screened to evaluate the cytotoxic or cytostatic effects in the gastric cancer cell line. Using the Alamar Blue assay, flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and observation of caspase 3/7 activity and cell migration, we investigated the antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antimigratory effects of the AURKA inhibitor. Moreover, AURKA overexpression was evaluated in the gastric cell lines and the gastric tumor tissue. Out of the 145 inhibitors, two presented the highest antiproliferative effect. Both molecules can induce apoptosis by the caspases 3/7 pathway in addition to inhibiting cancer cell migration, mainly the AURKA inhibitor. Moreover, molecular docking analysis revealed that GW779439X interacts in the active site of the AURKA enzyme with similar energy as a well-described inhibitor. Our study identified AURKA overexpression in the gastric cancer cell line and gastric tumor tissue, revealing that its overexpression in patients with cancer is correlated with low survival. Therefore, it is feasible to suggest AURKA as a potential marker of gastric cancer, besides providing robust information for diagnosis and estimated survival of patients. AURKA can be considered a new molecular target used in the prognosis and therapy of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe P Mesquita
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Emerson Lucena da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Pedro F N Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Luina B Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jackson L Amaral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - William Zuercher
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Louise M Albuquerque
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Silvia H B Rabenhorst
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Moreira-Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maria E Amaral de Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Raquel C Montenegro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Kobori T, Tameishi M, Tanaka C, Urashima Y, Obata T. Subcellular distribution of ezrin/radixin/moesin and their roles in the cell surface localization and transport function of P-glycoprotein in human colon adenocarcinoma LS180 cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250889. [PMID: 33974673 PMCID: PMC8112653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family proteins act as linkers between the actin cytoskeleton and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and regulate the plasma membrane localization and functionality of the latter in various cancer cells. Notably, P-gp overexpression in the plasma membrane of cancer cells is a principal factor responsible for multidrug resistance and drug-induced mutagenesis. However, it remains unknown whether the ERM proteins contribute to the plasma membrane localization and transport function of P-gp in human colorectal cancer cells in which the subcellular localization of ERM has yet to be determined. This study aimed to determine the gene expression patterns and subcellular localization of ERM and P-gp and investigate the role of ERM proteins in the plasma membrane localization and transport function of P-gp using the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS180. Using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analyses, we showed higher levels of ezrin and moesin mRNAs than those of radixin mRNA in these cells and preferential distribution of all three ERM proteins on the plasma membrane. The ERM proteins were highly colocalized with P-gp. Additionally, we show that the knockdown of ezrin, but not of radixin and moesin, by RNA interference significantly decreased the cell surface expression of P-gp in LS180 cells without affecting the mRNA expression of P-gp. Furthermore, gene silencing of ezrin substantially increased the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine123, a typical P-gp substrate, with no alterations in the plasma membrane permeability of Evans blue, a passive transport marker. In conclusion, ezrin may primarily regulate the cell surface localization and transport function of P-gp as a scaffold protein without influencing the transcriptional activity of P-gp in LS180 cells. These findings should be relevant for treating colorectal cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males and females combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobori
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayuka Tameishi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Urashima
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tokio Obata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Khosravifarsani M, Ait-Mohand S, Paquette B, Sanche L, Guérin B. High Cytotoxic Effect by Combining Copper-64 with a NOTA-Terpyridine Platinum Conjugate. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6765-6776. [PMID: 33909440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Terpyridine platinum (TP)-based chemotherapeutic agents target three-dimensional structures on DNA known as G-quadruplexes. We report the rational design and synthesis of a TP conjugate combined with copper-64 (64Cu), the decay characteristics of which include emission of β- and Auger electrons for radiotherapy and β+ particles for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The present experimental studies show that the novel [64Cu]Cu-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-TP is stable, permitting selective killing of cancer cells. The antitumor activity of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-TP at high apparent molar activity is in the low nanomolar range and 27,800-fold greater than that of natCu-NOTA-TP at 24 h post treatment. These results suggest that this combination of a cytotoxic TP agent with 64Cu has considerable potential for cancer treatment and PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Khosravifarsani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Samia Ait-Mohand
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Benoit Paquette
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Léon Sanche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.,Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center (CIMS), CRCHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
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43
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Rashed AA, Ahmad H, Abdul Khalid SK, Rathi DNG. The Potential Use of Sialic Acid From Edible Bird's Nest to Attenuate Mitochondrial Dysfunction by In Vitro Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:633303. [PMID: 33912049 PMCID: PMC8072155 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.633303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible bird's nest (EBN) is one of the expensive functional foods in herbal medicine. One of the major glyconutrients in EBN is sialic acid, which has a beneficial effect on neurological and intellectual capability in mammals. The aims of this research were to study the effects of sialic acid from EBN on cell viability and to determine its effect on mitochondria membrane potential (MtMP) in Caco-2, SK-N-MC, SH-SY5Y, and PC-12 cell lines. Fourteen samples of raw EBN were collected from four different states in Malaysia. The confluency of the epithelial monolayers measurement of the tight junction for all the cell lines was determined using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and the sialic acid uptake study in cell lines was determined by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The MTT assay was conducted for cell viability study. The MtMP in cell lines was determined using the Mito Probe JC-1 Assay by flow cytometer analysis. We have recorded a statistically significant difference between the uptake of sialic acid from EBN and the standard solution. A higher amount of sialic acid was absorbed by the cells from extract of EBN compared to the standard solution. The amounts of sialic acid uptake in Caco-2, SK-N-MC, SH-SY5Y, and PC-12 cell lines were (0.019 ± 0.001), (0.034 ± 0.006), (0.021 ± 0.002), and (0.025 ± 0.000) µmol/L, respectively. The MTT results indicated that the concentration of sialic acid increased the cell viability and showed no cytotoxicity effects on cell lines when they were exposed to the sialic acid extract and sialic acid standard at all the tested concentrations. The number of active mitochondria was found to be significantly higher in SH-SY5Y cell lines with a 195% increase when treated with sialic acid from EBN. Although many researchers around the globe use SH-SY5Y and SK-N-MC for Alzheimer's disease (AD) study, based on our finding, SH-SY5Y was found to be the most suitable cell line for AD study by in vitro works where it has a known relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswir Abd Rashed
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Hafandi Ahmad
- Departments of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Khadijah Abdul Khalid
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Devi-Nair Gunasegavan Rathi
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Brotman Y, Llorente-Wiegand C, Oyong G, Badoni S, Misra G, Anacleto R, Parween S, Pasion E, Tiozon RN, Anonuevo JJ, deGuzman MK, Alseekh S, Mbanjo EGN, Boyd LA, Fernie AR, Sreenivasulu N. The genetics underlying metabolic signatures in a brown rice diversity panel and their vital role in human nutrition. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:507-525. [PMID: 33529453 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brown rice (Oryza sativa) possesses various nutritionally dense bioactive phytochemicals exhibiting a wide range of antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic properties known to promote various human health benefits. However, despite the wide claims made about the importance of brown rice for human nutrition the underlying metabolic diversity has not been systematically explored. Non-targeted metabolite profiling of developing and mature seeds of a diverse genetic panel of 320 rice cultivars allowed quantification of 117 metabolites. The metabolite genome-wide association study (mGWAS) detected genetic variants influencing diverse metabolic targets in developing and mature seeds. We further interlinked genetic variants on chromosome 7 (6.06-6.43 Mb region) with complex epistatic genetic interactions impacting multi-dimensional nutritional targets, including complex carbohydrate starch quality, the glycemic index, antioxidant catechin, and rice grain color. Through this nutrigenomics approach rare gene bank accessions possessing genetic variants in bHLH and IPT5 genes were identified through haplotype enrichment. These variants were associated with a low glycemic index, higher catechin levels, elevated total flavonoid contents, and heightened antioxidant activity in the whole grain with elevated anti-cancer properties being confirmed in cancer cell lines. This multi-disciplinary nutrigenomics approach thus allowed us to discover the genetic basis of human health-conferring diversity in the metabolome of brown rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yariv Brotman
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | | | - Glenn Oyong
- Molecular Science Unit Laboratory - Center for Natural Sciences and Environmental Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila, 1004, Philippines
| | - Saurabh Badoni
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Gopal Misra
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Roslen Anacleto
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Sabiha Parween
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Erstelle Pasion
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Rhowell N Tiozon
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Joanne J Anonuevo
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria K deGuzman
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Edwige G N Mbanjo
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Lesley A Boyd
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Xu M, Sivak JG, McCanna DJ. Neutralization of the eye and skin irritant benzalkonium chloride using UVC radiation. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2021; 40:78-84. [PMID: 33771058 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2021.1902339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a widely used disinfectant and preservative which is effective against a wide range of viruses (e.g. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2), bacteria and fungi. However, it is toxic to the eye and skin. This study investigated the neutralization of BAK using ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation as an effort to reduce BAK toxicity potential. METHODS BAK solutions were irradiated with a germicidal UVC lamp at various doses. Human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) were then exposed to the UVC-irradiated BAK solutions for 5 minutes. After exposure, the cultures were assessed for metabolic activity using PrestoBlue; for cell viability using confocal microscopy with viability dyes; and for tight junction proteins using immunofluorescence staining for zonula occludens (ZO)-1. RESULTS UVC radiation reduced BAK toxicity on cell metabolic activity in a dose-dependent manner. When the solution depth of BAK was 1.7 mm, the UVC doses needed to completely neutralize the toxicity of BAK 0.005% and 0.01% were 2.093 J/cm2 and 8.374 J/cm2, respectively. The cultures treated with UVC-neutralized BAK showed similar cell metabolic activity and cell viability to those treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (p = 0.806 ∼ 1.000). The expression of ZO-1 was greatly disturbed by untreated BAK; in contrast, ZO-1 proteins were well maintained after exposure to UVC-neutralized BAK. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the cell toxicity of BAK can be neutralized by UVC radiation, which provides a unique way of detoxifying BAK residues. This finding may be of great value in utilizing the antimicrobial efficacy of BAK (e.g. fighting against SARS-CoV-2) while minimizing its potential hazards to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlong Xu
- Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Jacob G Sivak
- Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - David J McCanna
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Zhu Y, Li J, Lin X, Huang X, Hoffmann MR. Single-Cell Phenotypic Analysis and Digital Molecular Detection Linkable by a Hydrogel Bead-Based Platform. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2664-2674. [PMID: 33763633 PMCID: PMC7976597 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell heterogeneity, such as antibiotic heteroresistance and cancer cell heterogeneity, has been increasingly observed. To probe the underlying molecular mechanisms in the dynamically changing heterogeneous cells, a high throughput platform is urgently needed to establish single cell genotype-phenotype correlations. Herein, we report a platform combining single-cell viability phenotypic analysis with digital molecular detection for bacterial cells. The platform utilizes polyethylene glycol hydrogel that cross-links through a thiol-Michael addition, which is biocompatible, fast, and spontaneous. To generate uniform nanoliter-sized hydrogel beads (Gelbeads), we developed a convenient and disposable device made of needles and microcentrifuge tubes. Gelbead-based single cell viability and molecular detection assays were established. Enhanced thermal stability and uncompromised efficiency were achieved for digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) within the Gelbeads. Reagent exchange for in situ PCR following viability phenotypic analyses was demonstrated. The combined analyses may address the genotypic differences between cellular subpopulations exhibiting distinct phenotypes. The platform promises unique perspectives in mechanism elucidation of environment-evolution interaction that may be extended to other cell types for medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Zhu
- Linde+Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Linde+Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Linde+Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xiao Huang
- Linde+Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- Linde+Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Protection against Glucolipotoxicity by High Density Lipoprotein in Human PANC-1 Hybrid 1.1B4 Pancreatic Beta Cells: The Role of microRNA. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030218. [PMID: 33805674 PMCID: PMC8000094 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins provide protection against the damaging effects of glucolipotoxicity in beta cells, a factor which sustains insulin secretion and staves off onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study examines epigenetic changes in small non-coding microRNA sequences induced by high density lipoproteins in a human hybrid beta cell model, and tests the impact of delivery of a single sequence in protecting against glucolipotoxicity. Human PANC-1.1B4 cells were used to establish Bmax and Kd for [3H]cholesterol efflux to high density lipoprotein, and minimum concentrations required to protect cell viability and reduce apoptosis to 30mM glucose and 0.25 mM palmitic acid. Microchip array identified the microRNA signature associated with high density lipoprotein treatment, and one sequence, hsa-miR-21-5p, modulated via delivery of a mimic and inhibitor. The results confirm that low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein can protect against glucolipotoxicity, and report the global microRNA profile associated with this lipoprotein; delivery of miR-21-5p mimic altered gene targets, similar to high density lipoprotein, but could not provide sufficient protection against glucolipotoxicity. We conclude that the complex profile of microRNA changes due to HDL treatment may be difficult to replicate using a single microRNA, findings which may inform current drug strategies focused on this approach.
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Bonaterra GA, Mierau O, Hofmann J, Schwarzbach H, Aziz-Kalbhenn H, Kolb C, Kinscherf R. In Vitro Effects of St. John's Wort Extract Against Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress and in the Phagocytic and Migratory Activity of Mouse SIM-A9 Microglia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:603575. [PMID: 33628177 PMCID: PMC7898673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.603575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Herbal medicinal plants as Hypericum perforatum L., known as St. John’s wort (SJW) have been in use for a long time. SJW that is specifically used for the treatment of depressive disorders. Inflammatory cytokines derived from microglia play an important role in the regulation of the synthesis and reuptake of glutamate and influence synaptic function, morphology and neuronal plasticity. The present study was performed to investigate, whether STW3-VI, a special SJW extract has protective effects on mouse SIM-A9 microglia against cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of ROS, glutamate, NMDA or cortisol. Additionally, we investigated the effects of SJW on migratory and phagocytic properties of microglia. Results: Pre-treatment (48 h) of microglia with STW3-VI (5 or 10 μg/ml)—in contrast to desipramine—inhibited the H2O2-induced TNF-α release by 20–40%. Pre-treatment (48 h) of microglia with STW3-VI (5 or 10 μg/ml) delayed the 3 or 4 mM H2O2-induced intracellular ROS level by 26.9 and 44.4%, respectively. Furthermore, pre-treatment (48 h) of microglia with STW3-VI (5 μg/ml) - in contrast to desipramine - lowered the glutamate-induced cytotoxicity by 13.2%. Besides, pre-treatment (48 h) of microglia with STW3-VI (5 or 10 μg/ml) or desipramine (5 µM) inhibited the NMDA-induced decrease of the viability by 16.5–28.8% or 12%, respectively. Finally, pre-treatment (48 h) of microglia with STW3-VI (5 or 10 μg/ml)—in contrast to desipramine - reduced the cortisol-induced cytotoxicity by 15.5 and 12.9%. Treatment of microglia with STW3-VI (10 or 100 μg/ml) increased the migratory and the phagocytic capacities by 100 and 40%. Conclusion: Our data provide evidence that STW3-VI—in contrast to desipramine - protects microglia from oxidative stress, NMDA- or glutamate-induced cytotoxicity, and has anti-inflammatory properties that are accompanied by improvement of their migratory and phagocytic capacity. These protective (particularly the anti-inflammatory) properties may be beneficial in the treatment of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Bonaterra
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olga Mierau
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Hofmann
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans Schwarzbach
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Heba Aziz-Kalbhenn
- Bayer Consumer Health Division, Phytomedicines Supply and Development Center, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christiane Kolb
- Bayer Consumer Health Division, Phytomedicines Supply and Development Center, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ralf Kinscherf
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Chalermnon M, Cherdchom S, Sereemaspun A, Rojanathanes R, Khotavivattana T. Biguanide-Based Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives with Anticancer Activity and 1,3,5-Triazine Incorporated Calcium Citrate Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:1028. [PMID: 33672071 PMCID: PMC7919653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve derivatives of biguanide-derived 1,3,5-triazines, a promising class of anticancer agent, were synthesised and evaluated for their anticancer activity against two colorectal cancer cell lines-HCT116 and SW620. 2c and 3c which are the derivatives containing o-hydroxyphenyl substituents exhibited the highest activity with IC50 against both cell lines in the range of 20-27 µM, which is comparable to the IC50 of cisplatin reference. Moreover, the potential use of the calcium citrate nanoparticles (CaCit NPs) as a platform for drug delivery system was studied on a selected 1,3,5-triazine derivative 2a. Condition optimisation revealed that the source of citrate ions and reaction time significantly influence the morphology, size and %drug loading of the particles. With the optimised conditions, "CaCit-2a NPs" were successfully synthesised with the size of 148 ± 23 nm and %drug loading of up to 16.3%. Furthermore, it was found that the release of 2a from the synthesised CaCit-2a NPs is pH-responsive, and 2a could be control released under the acidic cancer environment. The knowledge from this study is perceptive for further development of the 1,3,5-triazine-based anticancer drugs and provide the platform for the incorporation of other drugs in the CaCit NPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monnaya Chalermnon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Sarocha Cherdchom
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- NanoMedicine Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama 4 Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Amornpun Sereemaspun
- Chula Medical Innovation Centre (CMIC), Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Rojrit Rojanathanes
- Centre of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Tanatorn Khotavivattana
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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On the Biodiversity and Biodeteriogenic Activity of Microbial Communities Present in the Hypogenic Environment of the Escoural Cave, Alentejo, Portugal. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypogenic caves represent unique environments for the development of specific microbial communities that need to be studied. Caves with rock art pose an additional challenge due to the fragility of the paintings and engravings and to microbial colonization which may induce chemical, mechanical and aesthetic alterations. Therefore, it is essential to understand the communities that thrive in these environments and to monitor the activity and effects on the host rock in order to better preserve and safeguard these ancestral artforms. This study aims at investigating the Palaeolithic representations found in the Escoural Cave (Alentejo, Portugal) and their decay features. These prehistoric artworks, dating back up to 50,000 B.P., are altered due to environmental conditions and microbial activity inside the cave. Microbial cultivation methods combined with culture-independent techniques, biomarkers’ viability assays and host rock analysis allowed us to better understand the microbial biodiversity and biodeteriogenic activity within the hypogenic environment of this important cave site. This study is part of a long-term monitoring program envisaged to understand the effect of this biocolonisation and to understand the population dynamics that thrive in this hypogean environment.
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