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Chen Y, Ni J, Wang C, Zhai X, Luo T, Li YP, Wei Y, Liu Y. The proteomic analysis uncovers the cellular responses to the African swine fever virus membrane proteins p54, p17, and pB117L. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105348. [PMID: 38697277 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection causes African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious and fatal disease that poses severe threat to swine production. To gain insights into the host responses to ASFV, we generated recombinant adenovirus Ad5 expressing viral membrane proteins p54, p17, and pB117L individually and infected an alveolar cell line, 3D4/21, with these recombinant viruses. Then, the cell lysates were analyzed using label-free quantification proteomic analysis method. A total of 2158 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, of which 817, 466, and 875 proteins were from Ad5-p54-, Ad5-p17-, Ad5-pB117L-infected 3D4/21 cells, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed distinct yet interconnecting patterns of protein interaction networks. Specifically, the Ad5-p54 virus infection enriched the DEPs primarily involved in the metabolic pathways, endocytosis, adherens junction, and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport. The Ad5-p17 virus infection enriched the DEPs in endocytosis, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, N-Glycan biosynthesis, and apoptosis, while the Ad5-pB117L virus infection enriched the DEPs in metabolic pathways, endocytosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and focal adhesion. In summary, these results provide a comprehensive proteinomics analysis of the cellular responses to three ASFV membrane proteins, thus facilitating our understanding of ASFV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China; China Animal Disease Control Center (CADC), Beijing 102618, China
| | - Jianqiang Ni
- China Animal Disease Control Center (CADC), Beijing 102618, China
| | - Chuanbin Wang
- China Animal Disease Control Center (CADC), Beijing 102618, China
| | - Xinyan Zhai
- China Animal Disease Control Center (CADC), Beijing 102618, China
| | - Tingrong Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Youchuan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yuliang Liu
- China Animal Disease Control Center (CADC), Beijing 102618, China.
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Fan R, Wei Z, Zhang M, Jia S, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Cai J, Chen G, Xiao H, Wei Y, Shi Y, Feng J, Shen B, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Wang J. Development of novel monoclonal antibodies for blocking NF-κB activation induced by CD2v protein in African swine fever virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352404. [PMID: 38846950 PMCID: PMC11153791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background CD2v, a critical outer envelope glycoprotein of the African swine fever virus (ASFV), plays a central role in the hemadsorption phenomenon during ASFV infection and is recognized as an essential immunoprotective protein. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting CD2v have demonstrated promise in both diagnosing and combating African swine fever (ASF). The objective of this study was to develop specific monoclonal antibodies against CD2v. Methods In this investigation, Recombinant CD2v was expressed in eukaryotic cells, and murine mAbs were generated through meticulous screening and hybridoma cloning. Various techniques, including indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and bio-layer interferometry (BLI), were employed to characterize the mAbs. Epitope mapping was conducted using truncation mutants and epitope peptide mapping. Results An optimal antibody pair for a highly sensitive sandwich ELISA was identified, and the antigenic structures recognized by the mAbs were elucidated. Two linear epitopes highly conserved in ASFV genotype II strains, particularly in Chinese endemic strains, were identified, along with a unique glycosylated epitope. Three mAbs, 2B25, 3G25, and 8G1, effectively blocked CD2v-induced NF-κB activation. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into the antigenic structure of ASFV CD2v. The mAbs obtained in this study hold great potential for use in the development of ASF diagnostic strategies, and the identified epitopes may contribute to vaccine development against ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Fan
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zeliang Wei
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- BCA Bio-Breeding Center, Beijing Capital Agribusiness Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyang Jiang
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junyu Cai
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - He Xiao
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yinxiang Wei
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanchun Shi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yaojiang Huang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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Huang Y, Zhai W, Wang Z, He Y, Tao C, Chu Y, Pang Z, Zhu H, Jia H. Analysis of the Immunogenicity of African Swine Fever F317L Protein and Screening of T Cell Epitopes. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1331. [PMID: 38731330 PMCID: PMC11083013 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes numerous proteins characterized by complex immune escape mechanisms. At present, the structure and function of these proteins, including the F317L protein, have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the immunogenicity of the F317L protein. Mice were subcutaneously immunized with the F317L protein using initial and subsequent booster doses, and, at the 28th day post-treatment, we assessed the humoral and cellular immune responses of mice. The F317L protein stimulated production of specific antibodies and activated humoral immune responses. In addition, F317L stimulated the production of large amounts of IFN-γ by splenic lymphocytes, thereby activating cellular immune responses. Using informatics technology, we predicted and synthesized 29 F317L protein T cell epitopes, which were screened using IFN-γ ELISpot. Among these, the F25 (246SRRSLVNPWT255) peptide was identified as having a stronger stimulatory effect than the full-length protein. Collectively, our findings revealed that the ASFV F317L protein can stimulate both strong humoral and cellular immunity in mice, and that the F25 (246SRRSLVNPWT255) peptide may be a potential active T cell epitope. These findings will provide a reference for further in-depth studies of the F317L protein and screening of antigenic epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Wenzhu Zhai
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuheng He
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunhao Tao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuanyuan Chu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongbao Pang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongfei Zhu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hong Jia
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
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Simbulan AM, Banico EC, Sira EMJS, Odchimar NMO, Orosco FL. Immunoinformatics-guided approach for designing a pan-proteome multi-epitope subunit vaccine against African swine fever virus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1354. [PMID: 38228670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being identified over a hundred years ago, there is still no commercially available vaccine for the highly contagious and deadly African swine fever virus (ASFV). This study used immunoinformatics for the rapid and inexpensive designing of a safe and effective multi-epitope subunit vaccine for ASFV. A total of 18,858 proteins from 100 well-annotated ASFV proteomes were screened using various computational tools to identify potential epitopes, or peptides capable of triggering an immune response in swine. Proteins from genotypes I and II were prioritized for their involvement in the recent global ASFV outbreaks. The screened epitopes exhibited promising qualities that positioned them as effective components of the ASFV vaccine. They demonstrated antigenicity, immunogenicity, and cytokine-inducing properties indicating their ability to induce potent immune responses. They have strong binding affinities to multiple swine allele receptors suggesting a high likelihood of yielding more amplified responses. Moreover, they were non-allergenic and non-toxic, a crucial prerequisite for ensuring safety and minimizing any potential adverse effects when the vaccine is processed within the host. Integrated with an immunogenic 50S ribosomal protein adjuvant and linkers, the epitopes formed a 364-amino acid multi-epitope subunit vaccine. The ASFV vaccine construct exhibited notable immunogenicity in immune simulation and molecular docking analyses, and stable profiles in secondary and tertiary structure assessments. Moreover, this study designed an optimized codon for efficient translation of the ASFV vaccine construct into the Escherichia coli K-12 expression system using the pET28a(+) vector. Overall, both sequence and structural evaluations suggested the potential of the ASFV vaccine construct as a candidate for controlling and eradicating outbreaks caused by the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alea Maurice Simbulan
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Edward C Banico
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Ella Mae Joy S Sira
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Nyzar Mabeth O Odchimar
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Fredmoore L Orosco
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines.
- Department of Science and Technology, S&T Fellows Program, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines.
- Department of Biology, University of the Philippines Manila, 1000, Manila, Philippines.
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Ma Y, Shao J, Liu W, Gao S, Peng D, Miao C, Yang S, Hou Z, Zhou G, Qi X, Chang H. A vesicular stomatitis virus-based African swine fever vaccine prototype effectively induced robust immune responses in mice following a single-dose immunization. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1310333. [PMID: 38249478 PMCID: PMC10797088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1310333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic fever disease in pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). It is very difficult to control and prevent ASF outbreaks due to the absence of safe and effective vaccines. Methods In order to develop a safe and effective ASF vaccine for the control and prevention of ASF, two ASFV recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) live vector vaccine prototypes, containing the gene of p72, and a chimera of p30 and p54, were developed based on the replication-competent VSV, and named VSV-p72 and VSV-p35. The immune potency of VSV-p72 or VSV-p35 alone and in combination was evaluated in BALB/c mice via intramuscular and intranasal vaccination. Results The results indicated that whether administered alone or in combination, the two vaccine prototypes showed acceptable safety in mice and, more importantly, induced high-level specific antibodies against p72, p30, and p54 of ASFV and a strong cellular immune response 28 days after vaccination. The sera from mice vaccinated with the vaccine prototypes significantly inhibited ASFV from infecting porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in vitro. Most notably, the immunized sera from a mixture of VSV-p35 and VSV-p72 inhibited ASFV from infecting PAMs, with an inhibition rate of up to 78.58%. Conclusion Overall, our findings suggest that ASFV recombinant VSV live vector vaccine prototypes may become a promising candidate vaccine for the control and prevention of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Decai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chun Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhuo Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Kamperschroer C, Frank B, Genell C, Lebrec H, Mitchell-Ryan S, Molinier B, Newsome C, Piche MS, Weinstock D, Collinge M, Freebern W, Rubio D. Current approaches to evaluate the function of cytotoxic T-cells in non-human primates. J Immunotoxicol 2023; 20:2176952. [PMID: 36788724 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2023.2176952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) are a subset of T-cells that play a critical role in protecting against intracellular infections and cancer, and have the ability to identify and kill infected or transformed cells expressing non-self peptides associated with major histocompatibility (MHC) Class I molecules. Conversely, aberrant CTL activity can contribute to immune-related pathology under conditions of overwhelming infection or autoimmunity. Disease-modifying therapeutics can have unintended effects on CTL, and a growing number of therapeutics are intended to either suppress or enhance CTL or their functions. The susceptibility of CTL to unintended effects from common therapeutic modalities underscores the need for a better understanding of the impact that such therapies have on CTL function and the associated safety implications. While there are reliable ways of quantifying CTL, notably via flow cytometric analysis of specific CTL markers, it has been a greater challenge to implement fit-for-purpose methods measuring CTL function in the context of safety studies of therapeutics. This review focuses on methods for measuring CTL responses in the context of drug safety and pharmacology testing, with the goals of informing the reader about current approaches, evaluating their pros and cons, and providing perspectives on the utility of these approaches for safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hervé Lebrec
- Sonoma Biotherapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Orosco FL. Host immune responses against African swine fever virus: Insights and challenges for vaccine development. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1517-1535. [PMID: 38292721 PMCID: PMC10824091 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i12.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a serious threat to global swine populations, underscoring the urgent need for effective preventive strategies. This comprehensive review investigates the intricate interplay between innate, cellular, and humoral immunity against ASFV, with a focus on their relevance to vaccine development. By delving into immunopathogenesis and immunological challenges, this review article aims to provide a holistic perspective on the complexities of ASFV infections and immune evasion. Key findings underscore the critical role of innate immune recognition in shaping subsequent adaptive immune defenses, potential protective antigens, and the multifaceted nature of ASFV-specific antibodies and cytotoxic T-cell responses. Despite advancements, the unique attributes of ASFV present hurdles in the development of a successful vaccine. In conclusion, this review examines the current state of ASFV immune responses and offers insights into future research directions, fostering the development of effective interventions against this devastating pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredmoore L. Orosco
- Virology and Vaccine Institute of the Philippines Program, Department of Science and Technology, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Taguig, Philippines
- S&T Fellows Program, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig, Philippines
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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Pakotiprapha D, Kuhaudomlarp S, Tinikul R, Chanarat S. Bridging the Gap: Can COVID-19 Research Help Combat African Swine Fever? Viruses 2023; 15:1925. [PMID: 37766331 PMCID: PMC10536364 DOI: 10.3390/v15091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boar, caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Despite being harmless to humans, ASF poses significant challenges to the swine industry, due to sudden losses and trade restrictions. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spurred an unparalleled global research effort, yielding remarkable advancements across scientific disciplines. In this review, we explore the potential technological spillover from COVID-19 research into ASF. Specifically, we assess the applicability of the diagnostic tools, vaccine development strategies, and biosecurity measures developed for COVID-19 for combating ASF. Additionally, we discuss the lessons learned from the pandemic in terms of surveillance systems and their implications for managing ASF. By bridging the gap between COVID-19 and ASF research, we highlight the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration and technological spillovers in the battle against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sittinan Chanarat
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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9
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Medina-Magües ES, Lopera-Madrid J, Lo MK, Spiropoulou CF, Montgomery JM, Medina-Magües LG, Salas-Quinchucua C, Jiménez-Mora AP, Osorio JE. Immunogenicity of poxvirus-based vaccines against Nipah virus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11384. [PMID: 37452062 PMCID: PMC10349127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV), an emerging zoonotic pathogen in Southeast Asia, is transmitted from Pteropus species of fruit bats to a wide range of species, including humans, pigs, horses, dogs, and cats. NiV has killed millions of animals and caused highly fatal human outbreaks since no vaccine is commercially available. This study characterized the immunogenicity and safety of poxvirus-based Nipah vaccines that can be used in humans and species responsible for NiV transmission. Mice were vaccinated with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and raccoon pox (RCN) viral vectors expressing the NiV fusion (F) and glycoprotein (G) proteins subcutaneously (SC) and intranasally (IN). Importantly, both vaccines did not induce significant weight loss or clinical signs of disease while generating high circulating neutralizing antibodies and lung-specific IgG and IgA responses. The MVA vaccine saw high phenotypic expression of effector and tissue resident memory CD8ɑ+ T cells in lungs and splenocytes along with the expression of central memory CD8ɑ+ T cells in lungs. The RCN vaccine generated effector memory (SC) and tissue resident (IN) CD8ɑ+ T cells in splenocytes and tissue resident (IN) CD8ɑ+ T cells in lung cells. These findings support MVA-FG and RCN-FG viral vectors as promising vaccine candidates to protect humans, domestic animals, and wildlife from fatal disease outcomes and to reduce the global threat of NiV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Medina-Magües
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Jaime Lopera-Madrid
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael K Lo
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Lex G Medina-Magües
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cristhian Salas-Quinchucua
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Angela P Jiménez-Mora
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jorge E Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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10
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Yang Y, Xia Q, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Guan Z, Zhang J, Li Z, Liu K, Li B, Shao D, Qiu Y, Ma Z, Wei J. B602L-Fc fusion protein enhances the immunogenicity of the B602L protein of the African swine fever virus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186299. [PMID: 37426672 PMCID: PMC10324578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious, and deadly infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) and has a huge impact on the pig industry. A lack of vaccines and effective therapeutic drugs has brought great challenges to the prevention and control of ASF. In this study, insect baculovirus expression system was used to express ASFV B602L protein (B602L) alone and the IgG FC-fused B602L protein (B602L-Fc), and evaluate the immune effect of B602L-Fc in mice model. To be specific, the ASFV B602L protein and B602L-Fc fusion protein were successfully expressed by the insect baculovirus expression system. Then, Functional analysis in vitro revealed that the B602L-Fc fusion protein bound and interacted with the FcRI receptor of antigen-presenting cells and significantly promoted the expression of proteins involved in antigen presentation and various cytokines at mRNA levels in porcine alveolar macrophages. Additionally, immunization using B602L-Fc fusion protein remarkably promoted the Th1-biased cellular immune response and humoral immune response in mice. In conclusion, The B602L-Fc fusion protein could up-regulate the expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation in APCs and enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. These results suggest that ASFV B602L-Fc recombinant fusion protein may be a promising candidate for subunit vaccine. This study provided useful data for the development of subunit vaccines for ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqi Xia
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujia Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Guan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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11
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Zajac MD, Trujillo JD, Yao J, Kumar R, Sangewar N, Lokhandwala S, Sang H, Mallen K, McCall J, Burton L, Kumar D, Heitmann E, Burnum T, Waghela SD, Almes K, Richt J, Kim T, Mwangi W. Immunization of pigs with replication-incompetent adenovirus-vectored African swine fever virus multi-antigens induced humoral immune responses but no protection following contact challenge. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1208275. [PMID: 37404778 PMCID: PMC10316028 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1208275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a pathogen of great economic importance given that continues to threaten the pork industry worldwide, but there is no safe vaccine or treatment available. Development of a vaccine is feasible as immunization of pigs with some live attenuated ASFV vaccine candidates can confer protection, but safety concerns and virus scalability are challenges that must to be addressed. Identification of protective ASFV antigens is needed to inform the development of efficacious subunit vaccines. Methods In this study, replication-incompetent adenovirus-vectored multicistronic ASFV antigen expression constructs that covered nearly 100% of the ASFV proteome were generated and validated using ASFV convalescent serum. Swine were immunized with a cocktail of the expression constructs, designated Ad5-ASFV, alone or formulated with either Montanide ISA-201™ (ASFV-ISA-201) or BioMize® adjuvant (ASFV-BioMize). Results These constructs primed strong B cell responses as judged by anti-pp62-specific IgG responses. Notably, the Ad5-ASFV and the Ad5-ASFV ISA-201, but not the Ad5-ASFV BioMize®, immunogens primed significantly (p < 0.0001) higher anti-pp62-specific IgG responses compared with Ad5-Luciferase formulated with Montanide ISA-201™ adjuvant (Luc-ISA-201). The anti-pp62-specific IgG responses underwent significant (p < 0.0001) recall in all the vaccinees after boosting and the induced antibodies strongly recognized ASFV (Georgia 2007/1)-infected primary swine cells. However, following challenge by contact spreaders, only one pig nearly immunized with the Ad5-ASFV cocktail survived. The survivor had no typical clinical symptoms, but had viral loads and lesions consistent with chronic ASF. Discussion Besides the limited sample size used, the outcome suggests that in vivo antigen expression, but not the antigen content, might be the limitation of this immunization approach as the replication-incompetent adenovirus does not amplify in vivo to effectively prime and expand protective immunity or directly mimic the gene transcription mechanisms of attenuated ASFV. Addressing the in vivo antigen delivery limitations may yield promising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D. Zajac
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jessie D. Trujillo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jianxiu Yao
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Rakshith Kumar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Neha Sangewar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Shehnaz Lokhandwala
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Huldah Sang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Kylynn Mallen
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jayden McCall
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Leeanna Burton
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Emily Heitmann
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Tristan Burnum
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Suryakant D. Waghela
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kelli Almes
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Juergen Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Waithaka Mwangi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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12
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Lu W, Bai Y, Zhang S, Zhao X, Jin J, Zhu X, Wang R, Wu Y, Zhang A, Zhang G, Zhuang G, Sun A. An Intracellular Epitope of ASFV CD2v Protein Elicits Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1967. [PMID: 37370477 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes high mortality in domestic pigs. ASFV encodes an important protein target for subunit vaccine development, CD2v, but its most effective immunological regions are not known. Herein, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) named IF3 by immunizing mice against the intracellular region of the CD2v protein (CD2v-IR). 1F3 specifically recognized CD2v, which is expressed transiently in transfected Sf9 cells and also in inactivated ASFV-infected porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cells. The epitope recognized by 1F3 is 264EPSPREP270, which is highly conserved in ASFV genotypes. Immunization of mice with this epitope elicited an increased IgG response, including IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes, and also increased CD8+ T cells and cytokine expression. Overall, these results indicate that this epitope induces both humoral and cellular immune responses that may be used for ASFV-related subunit vaccine design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yilin Bai
- Laboratory of Indigenous Cattle Germplasm Innovation, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiaxin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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13
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Bhilare KD, Jawalagatti V, Alam MJ, Chen B, Kim B, Lee JH, Kim JH. Immune response following safer administration of recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium harboring ASFV antigens in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 259:110596. [PMID: 37119725 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a contagious epizootic pathogen adversely affecting porcine industry in Asian and European countries. Till date, 8 serotypes and 24 genotypes of the virus have been reported. Few live attenuated virus vaccine studies have reported to provide complete protection against ASFV infection but biohazard concern still remain. Recombinant subunit antigens are capable of providing cellular and humoral immunity in porcine, but not a single vaccine has hit the market yet. In the present study, we attempted to use recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium JOL912 strain harboring ASFV antigens (rSal-ASFV) to investigate its immunostimulant effect in porcine. Post intramuscular administration, we observed significant increment in the levels of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and immunoglobulin (i.e. IgG, IgA, and IgM) levels in rSal-ASFV treated groups. Further RT-PCR analysis indicated the increased expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, CD80/86, NK cell receptors (NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46) and cytokines while ELIspot analysis revealed significant production of IFN-γ in rSal-ASFV treated groups. Taken together, we are able to demonstrate that rSal-ASFV could elicit a non-specific cellular as well as humoral immune response. However, additional antigen specific immunity data is needed to evaluate its efficacy. Intramuscular administration of rSal-ASFV was found to be safe and immunostimulant in nature without any side-effects and may serve as an excellent option for in-vivo antigen delivery in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran D Bhilare
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Jawalagatti
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Baicheng Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - John-Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Li Y, Sun R, Li S, Tan Z, Li Z, Liu Y, Guo Y, Huang J. ASFV proteins presented at the surface of T7 phages induce strong antibody responses in mice. J Virol Methods 2023; 316:114725. [PMID: 36965632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection causes substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide, and there are still no safe and effective vaccines or therapeutics available. The granulated virus antigen improves the antigen present process and elicits high antibody reaction than the subunit antigen. In this study, the SpyTag peptide-p10 fusion protein was altered and displayed on the surface of the T7 phage to construct an engineered phage (T7-ST). At the same time, ASFV antigen-Spycatcher C-terminal-fused protein (antigen-SC) was expressed and purified by an E. coli prokaryotic expression system. Five virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying the main ASFV antigenic proteins P30, P54, P72, CD2v, and K145R were reconstructed by the isopeptide bond between SpyTag and antigen-SC proteins. The stability of five ASFV VLPs in high temperature and extreme pH conditions was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and plaque analysis. All ASFV VLPs induced a high titer antigen-specific antibody response in mice. Our results showed that the granulated antigen displaying ASFV protein on the surface of the T7 phage provides a robust potential vaccine and diagnostic tool to address the challenge of the ASFV pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Shujun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Zheng Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Zexing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Yebin Liu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China, 100081
| | - Yanyu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072.
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072.
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15
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Immunogenicity and protective activity of mRNA vaccine candidates against yellow fever virus in animal models. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:31. [PMID: 36871059 PMCID: PMC9984760 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of the widely used attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccine, its global supply remains a substantial barrier to implementing vaccination campaigns in endemic regions and combating emerging epidemics. In A129 mice and rhesus macaques, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective activity of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine candidates encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles, expressing the pre-membrane and envelope proteins or the non-structural protein 1 of YF virus. Vaccine constructs induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice, resulting in protection against lethal YF virus infection after passive administration of serum or splenocytes from vaccinated mice. Vaccination of macaques induced sustained high humoral and cellular immune responses for at least 5 months after the second dose. Our data demonstrate that these mRNA vaccine candidates can be considered an attractive addition to the licensed YF vaccine supply based on the induction of functional antibodies correlating with protection and T-cell responses; they could alleviate the limited supply of current YF vaccines, mitigating future YF epidemics.
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16
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Miao C, Yang S, Shao J, Zhou G, Ma Y, Wen S, Hou Z, Peng D, Guo H, Liu W, Chang H. Identification of p72 epitopes of African swine fever virus and preliminary application. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126794. [PMID: 36819042 PMCID: PMC9935695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly lethal hemorrhagic viral disease (ASF) of pigs that results in serious losses in China and elsewhere. The development of a vaccine and diagnosis technology for ASFV is essential to prevent and control the spread of ASF. The p72 protein of ASFV is highly immunogenic and reactive, and is a dominant antigen in ASF vaccine and diagnostic research. In this study, 17 p72 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated. Epitope mapping by a series of overlapping peptides expressed in Escherichia coli showed that these mAbs recognized a total of seven (1-7) linear B cell epitopes. These mAbs did not show significant neutralizing activity. Epitopes 1 (249HKPHQSKPIL258), 2 (69PVGFEYENKV77), 5 (195VNGNSLDEYSS205), and 7 (223GYKHLVGQEV233) are novel. Sequence alignment analysis revealed that the identified epitopes were highly conserved among 27 ASFV strains from nine genotypes. Preliminary screening using known positive and negative sera indicated the diagnostic potential of mAb-2B8D7. The results provide new insights into the antigenic regions of ASFV p72 and will inform the diagnosis of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Miao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sicheng Yang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yunyun Ma
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shenghui Wen
- Animal Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhuo Hou
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Decai Peng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - HuiChen Guo
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Wei Liu,
| | - Huiyun Chang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,*Correspondence: Huiyun Chang,
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17
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African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV): Immunity and Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020199. [PMID: 36851077 PMCID: PMC9967541 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the highly contagious disease African swine fever (ASF), which can result in mortality rates of up to 100% in pigs infected by virulent strains [...].
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18
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Zhang H, Zhao S, Zhang H, Qin Z, Shan H, Cai X. Vaccines for African swine fever: an update. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1139494. [PMID: 37180260 PMCID: PMC10173882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal infectious disease of swine caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Currently, the disease is listed as a legally notifiable disease that must be reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). The economic losses to the global pig industry have been insurmountable since the outbreak of ASF. Control and eradication of ASF are very critical during the current pandemic. Vaccination is the optimal strategy to prevent and control the ASF epidemic, but since inactivated ASFV vaccines have poor immune protection and there aren't enough cell lines for efficient in vitro ASFV replication, an ASF vaccine with high immunoprotective potential still remains to be explored. Knowledge of the course of disease evolution, the way of virus transmission, and the breakthrough point of vaccine design will facilitate the development of an ASF vaccine. In this review, the paper aims to highlight the recent advances and breakthroughs in the epidemic and transmission of ASF, virus mutation, and the development of vaccines in recent years, focusing on future directions and trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Saisai Zhao
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihua Qin
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hu Shan
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Hu Shan,
| | - Xiulei Cai
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Xiulei Cai,
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Jiang W, Jiang D, Li L, Wang J, Wang P, Shi X, Zhao Q, Liu B, Ji P, Zhang G. Identification of Two Novel Linear B Cell Epitopes on the CD2v Protein of African Swine Fever Virus Using Monoclonal Antibodies. Viruses 2022; 15:131. [PMID: 36680174 PMCID: PMC9866794 DOI: 10.3390/v15010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly infectious viral pathogen that endangers the global pig industry, and no effective vaccine is available thus far. The CD2v protein is a glycoprotein on the outer envelope of ASFV, which mediates the transmission of the virus in the blood and recognition of the virus serotype, playing an important role in ASFV vaccine development and disease prevention. Here, we generated two specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 6C11 and 8F12 (subtype IgG1/kappa-type), against the ASFV CD2v extracellular domain (CD2v-ex, GenBank: MK128995.1, 1-588 bp) and characterized their specificity. Peptide scanning technology was used to identify the epitopes recognized by mAbs 6C11 and 8F12. As a result, two novel B cell epitopes, 38DINGVSWN45 and 134GTNTNIY140, were defined. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that the defined epitopes were conserved in all referenced ASFV strains from various regions of China including the highly pathogenic, epidemic strain, Georgia2007/1 (NC_044959.2), with the same noted substitutions compared to the four foreign ASFV wild-type strains. This study provides important reference values for the design and development of an ASFV vaccine and useful biological materials for the functional study of the CD2v protein by deletion analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiabin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xuejian Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Boyuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pengchao Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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20
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Safety and immunogenicity of orally administered poxvirus vectored constructs in the white-footed mouse ( Peromyscus leucopus). Vaccine X 2022; 13:100259. [PMID: 36654838 PMCID: PMC9841169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, zoonotic spillover is becoming more frequent and represents a growing public health concern. Reservoir-targeted vaccination offers an intriguing alternative to traditional vaccine practices by establishing protection in wild populations that maintain the natural pathogen cycle. As an important pathogen reservoir, Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque or the white-footed mouse has been the target of several experimental vaccines. However, strategies are limited by the method of administration, need for repeated dosing, or safety of constructs in the field. To address these concerns, we evaluated two highly attenuated poxviruses, raccoonpox virus (RCN) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus as potential oral vaccine vectors in white-footed mice. Following oral administration, P. leucopus showed no adverse signs. A single oral dose elicited robust immune responses in mice to the foreign influenza hemagglutinin protein expressed by poxvirus vaccine vectors. Serum hemagglutinin inhibition antibody titers were detected by day 7 post immunization and persisted until study termination (77 days post immunization). This study establishes the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant MVA and RCN poxviruses in P. leucopus and demonstrates the suitability of these vectors as part of a reservoir-targeted vaccine strategy for white-footed mice.
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Sequential Deletions of Interferon Inhibitors MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R Result in Sterile Immunity against the Eurasia Strain of Africa Swine Fever. J Virol 2022; 96:e0119222. [PMID: 36197109 PMCID: PMC9599437 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01192-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in pigs worldwide. The lack of vaccines or therapeutic options warrants urgent further investigation. To this aim, we developed a rationally designed live attenuated ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R mutant based on the highly pathogenic Genotype II ASFV CN/GS/2018 backbone by deleting 2 well-characterized interferon inhibitors MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R. The mutant was slightly attenuated in vitro compared to parental ASFV but highly tolerant to genetic modifications even after 30 successive passages in vitro. Groups of 5 pigs were intramuscularly inoculated with increasing doses of the mutant, ranging from 103 to 106 hemadsorption units (HAD50). Thirty-five days later, all groups were challenged with 102 HAD50 of virulent parental ASFV. All the animals were clinically normal and devoid of clinical signs consistent with ASFV at the period of inoculation. In the virulent challenge, 2 animals from 103 HAD50-inoculated group and 1 animal from 104 HAD50-inoculated group were unprotected with severe postmortem and histological lesions. The rest of animals survived and manifested with relatively normal clinical appearance accompanied by tangible histological improvements in the extent of tissue damage. Meanwhile, antibody response, as represented by p30-specific antibody titers was positively correlated to protective efficacy, potentializing its usage as an indicator of protection. Moreover, compared to 1 dose, 2 doses provided additional protection, proving that 2 doses were better than 1 dose. The sufficiency in effectiveness supports the claim that our attenuated mutant may be a viable vaccine option with which to fight ASF. IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a causative agent of acute viral hemorrhagic disease of domestic swine which is associated with significant economic losses in the pig industry. The lack of vaccines or treatment options requires urgent further investigation. ASFV MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R, 2 well-characterized interferon inhibitors, were associated with viral virulence, host range, and immune modulation. In this study, a recombinant two-gene deletion ASFV mutant with deletion of MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R was constructed. The result showed that the mutant was safe, and also highly resistant to genetic modification even after 30 successive passages. High doses of our mutant (105 and 106 HAD50) provided sterile immunity and complete protection in a virulent challenge. Two doses were superior to 1 dose and provided additional protection. This study develops a new ASFV-specific live attenuated vaccine and may be a viable vaccine option against ASF.
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Orlova OV, Glazkova DV, Bogoslovskaya EV, Shipulin GA, Yudin SM. Development of Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-Based Vaccines: Advantages and Applications. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091516. [PMID: 36146594 PMCID: PMC9503770 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a promising viral vector for vaccine development. MVA is well studied and has been widely used for vaccination against smallpox in Germany. This review describes the history of the origin of the virus and its properties as a vaccine, including a high safety profile. In recent years, MVA has found its place as a vector for the creation of vaccines against various diseases. To date, a large number of vaccine candidates based on the MVA vector have already been developed, many of which have been tested in preclinical and clinical studies. We discuss data on the immunogenicity and efficacy of some of these vaccines.
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Li Z, Chen W, Qiu Z, Li Y, Fan J, Wu K, Li X, Zhao M, Ding H, Fan S, Chen J. African Swine Fever Virus: A Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081255. [PMID: 36013434 PMCID: PMC9409812 DOI: 10.3390/life12081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease with a high fatality rate in both domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has greatly challenged pig-raising countries and also negatively impacted regional and national trade of pork products. To date, ASF has spread throughout Africa, Europe, and Asia. The development of safe and effective ASF vaccines is urgently required for the control of ASF outbreaks. The ASF virus (ASFV), the causative agent of ASF, has a large genome and a complex structure. The functions of nearly half of its viral genes still remain to be explored. Knowledge on the structure and function of ASFV proteins, the mechanism underlying ASFV infection and immunity, and the identification of major immunogenicity genes will contribute to the development of an ASF vaccine. In this context, this paper reviews the available knowledge on the structure, replication, protein function, virulence genes, immune evasion, inactivation, vaccines, control, and diagnosis of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jindai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (J.C.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (J.C.)
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (J.C.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (J.C.)
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Huffman A, Ong E, Hur J, D’Mello A, Tettelin H, He Y. COVID-19 vaccine design using reverse and structural vaccinology, ontology-based literature mining and machine learning. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:bbac190. [PMID: 35649389 PMCID: PMC9294427 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational vaccine design, especially vaccine antigen identification and optimization, is critical to successful and efficient vaccine development against various infectious diseases including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In general, computational vaccine design includes three major stages: (i) identification and annotation of experimentally verified gold standard protective antigens through literature mining, (ii) rational vaccine design using reverse vaccinology (RV) and structural vaccinology (SV) and (iii) post-licensure vaccine success and adverse event surveillance and its usage for vaccine design. Protegen is a database of experimentally verified protective antigens, which can be used as gold standard data for rational vaccine design. RV predicts protective antigen targets primarily from genome sequence analysis. SV refines antigens through structural engineering. Recently, RV and SV approaches, with the support of various machine learning methods, have been applied to COVID-19 vaccine design. The analysis of post-licensure vaccine adverse event report data also provides valuable results in terms of vaccine safety and how vaccines should be used or paused. Ontology standardizes and incorporates heterogeneous data and knowledge in a human- and computer-interpretable manner, further supporting machine learning and vaccine design. Future directions on rational vaccine design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Huffman
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Edison Ong
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA
| | - Adonis D’Mello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yongqun He
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Development and characterization of recombinant ASFV CD2v protein nanoparticle-induced monoclonal antibody. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:533-541. [PMID: 35358580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) is becoming a serious threat to the swine industry worldwide. CD2v is a key pathogenic factor of ASFV and the protective antigen with low immunogenicity, whereas viral protein-based nanoparticles have advantages of precise assembly and high immunogenicity. In this study, the CD2v protein fused with Norovirus (NoV) P particle assembled into nanoparticle for improved immunogenicity. Then, CD2v protein nanoparticle and monomer CD2v protein were expressed in HEK293F cells. The former induced higher levels of antibodies, and thus highly potent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated and characterized. The highest antibody titration of mAb 10A3 reached 1:2048000, and mAb 2E9 had the highest inhibition percent of 84% when competed with ASFV positive serum. Meanwhile, all mAbs reacted specifically with the denatured CD2v protein, and the linear epitope with the location of amino acids 28th to 51st of CD2v extracellular domain sequence was identified. In summary, this study produced a highly immunogenic CD2v protein and generated high-titer mAbs, the precise location of linear epitope on the CD2v was further determined. These findings may provide a powerful help for etiology and serological detection of ASFV.
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Ravilov RK, Rizvanov AA, Mingaleev DN, Galeeva AG, Zakirova EY, Shuralev EA, Rutland CS, Khammadov NI, Efimova MA. Viral Vector Vaccines Against ASF: Problems and Prospectives. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:830244. [PMID: 35359666 PMCID: PMC8963494 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.830244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting pigs, with mortality rates a primary focus as they can reach up to 100%. The widespread and colossal economic losses from ASF have impacts on the development of animal husbandry practices in most countries within Africa, Asia, and Europe. Currently, a variety of approaches toward the development of vaccines against ASF are being employed. A promising new concept centered around more economical and time-consuming vaccine production is based on the use of viral vectors to deliver selected immunogens. This review discusses the results obtained from testing various viral vectors as carriers of targeted ASF virus genes. The safety and prospects of viral vectors, the possibilities around modulating cellular and humoral immune responses by choosing genes expressing immunodominant antigens, and the degree of protection in experimental animals from infection with a lethal dose of virulent ASF virus strains have been shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Kh. Ravilov
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Danil N. Mingaleev
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
| | - Antonina G. Galeeva
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
- *Correspondence: Antonina G. Galeeva
| | - Elena Yu. Zakirova
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Eduard A. Shuralev
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nail I. Khammadov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina A. Efimova
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
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Wang Z, Ai Q, Huang S, Ou Y, Gao Y, Tong T, Fan H. Immune Escape Mechanism and Vaccine Research Progress of African Swine Fever Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030344. [PMID: 35334976 PMCID: PMC8949402 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the epidemic of African swine fever (ASF), with virulent strains having a mortality rate of up to 100% and presenting devastating impacts on animal farming. Since ASF was first reported in China in 2018, ASFV still exists and poses a potential threat to the current pig industry. Low-virulence and genotype I strains of ASFV have been reported in China, and the prevention and control of ASF is more complicated. Insufficient understanding of the interaction of ASFV with the host immune system hinders vaccine development. Physical barriers, nonspecific immune response and acquired immunity are the three barriers of the host against infection. To escape the innate immune response, ASFV invades monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, thereby inhibiting IFN expression, regulating cytokine expression and the body’s inflammatory response process. Meanwhile, in order to evade the adaptive immune response, ASFV inhibits antigen presentation, induces the production of non-neutralizing antibodies, and inhibits apoptosis. Recently, significant advances have been achieved in vaccine development around the world. Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) based on artificially deleting specific virulence genes can achieve 100% homologous protection and partial heterologous protection. The key of subunit vaccines is identifying the combination of antigens that can effectively provide protection and selecting carriers that can effectively deliver the antigens. In this review, we introduce the epidemic trend of ASF and the impact on the pig industry, analyze the interaction mechanism between ASFV and the body’s immune system, and compare the current status of potential vaccines in order to provide a reference for the development of effective ASF vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.W.); (Q.A.); (S.H.); (Y.O.); (Y.G.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiangyun Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.W.); (Q.A.); (S.H.); (Y.O.); (Y.G.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.W.); (Q.A.); (S.H.); (Y.O.); (Y.G.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yating Ou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.W.); (Q.A.); (S.H.); (Y.O.); (Y.G.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yinze Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.W.); (Q.A.); (S.H.); (Y.O.); (Y.G.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tiezhu Tong
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (H.F.); Fax: +86-020-38295730 (T.T.); +86-20-8528-3309 (H.F.)
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.W.); (Q.A.); (S.H.); (Y.O.); (Y.G.)
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (H.F.); Fax: +86-020-38295730 (T.T.); +86-20-8528-3309 (H.F.)
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28
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Zhang G, Liu W, Gao Z, Chang Y, Yang S, Peng Q, Ge S, Kang B, Shao J, Chang H. Antigenic and immunogenic properties of recombinant proteins consisting of two immunodominant African swine fever virus proteins fused with bacterial lipoprotein OprI. Virol J 2022; 19:16. [PMID: 35062983 PMCID: PMC8781047 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal swine disease, which threatens the global pig industry. There is no commercially available vaccine against ASF and effective subunit vaccines would represent a real breakthrough.
Methods
In this study, we expressed and purified two recombinant fusion proteins, OPM (OprI-p30-modified p54) and OPMT (OprI-p30-modified p54-T cell epitope), which combine the bacterial lipoprotein OprI with ASF virus proteins p30 and p54. Purified recombinant p30 and modified p54 expressed alone or fused served as controls. The activation of dendritic cells (DCs) by these proteins was first assessed. Then, humoral and cellular immunity induced by the proteins were evaluated in mice.
Results
Both OPM and OPMT activated DCs with elevated expression of relevant surface molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, OPMT elicited the highest levels of antigen-specific IgG responses, cytokines including interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and proliferation of lymphocytes. Importantly, the sera from mice vaccinated with OPM or OPMT neutralized more than 86% of ASF virus in vitro.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that OPMT has good immunostimulatory activities and immunogenicity in mice, and might be an appropriate candidate to elicit immune responses in swine. Our study provides valuable information on further development of a subunit vaccine against ASF.
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Zhang Y, Ke J, Zhang J, Yue H, Chen T, Li Q, Zhou X, Qi Y, Zhu R, Wang S, Miao F, Zhang S, Li N, Mi L, Yang J, Yang J, Han X, Wang L, Li Y, Hu R. I267L Is Neither the Virulence- Nor the Replication-Related Gene of African Swine Fever Virus and Its Deletant Is an Ideal Fluorescent-Tagged Virulence Strain. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010053. [PMID: 35062257 PMCID: PMC8777747 DOI: 10.3390/v14010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF) which reaches up to 100% case fatality in domestic pigs and wild boar and causes significant economic losses in the swine industry. Lack of knowledge of the function of ASFV genes is a serious impediment to the development of the safe and effective vaccine. Herein, I267L was identified as a relative conserved gene and an early expressed gene. A recombinant virus (SY18ΔI267L) with I267L gene deletion was produced by replacing I267L of the virulent ASFV SY18 with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) cassette. The replication kinetics of SY18ΔI267L is similar to that of the parental isolate in vitro. Moreover, the doses of 102.0 TCID50 (n = 5) and 105.0 TCID50 (n = 5) SY18ΔI267L caused virulent phenotype, severe clinical signs, viremia, high viral load, and mortality in domestic pigs inoculated intramuscularly as the virulent parental virus strain. Therefore, the deletion of I267L does not affect the replication or the virulence of ASFV. Utilizing the fluorescent-tagged virulence deletant can be easy to gain a visual result in related research such as the inactivation effect of some drugs, disinfectants, extracts, etc. on ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Junnan Ke
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.K.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Huixian Yue
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Teng Chen
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Qian Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Xintao Zhou
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Yu Qi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Rongnian Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Shuchao Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Faming Miao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Shoufeng Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Nan Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Lijuan Mi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Jinjin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.K.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinmei Yang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Xun Han
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Lidong Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Ying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.K.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Rongliang Hu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (R.H.)
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Lopera-Madrid J, Medina-Magües LG, Gladue DP, Borca MV, Osorio JE. Optimization in the expression of ASFV proteins for the development of subunit vaccines using poxviruses as delivery vectors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23476. [PMID: 34873256 PMCID: PMC8648923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease that affects domestic pig and Eurasian wild boar populations. To date, no safe and efficacious treatment or vaccine against ASF is available. Nevertheless, there are several reports of protection elicited by experimental vaccines based on live attenuated ASFV and some levels of protection and reduced viremia in other approaches such as DNA, adenovirus, baculovirus, and vaccinia-based vaccines. Current ASF subunit vaccine research focuses mainly on delivering protective antigens and antigen discovery within the ASFV genome. However, due to the complex nature of ASFV, expression vectors need to be optimized to improve their immunogenicity. Therefore, in the present study, we constructed several recombinant MVA vectors to evaluate the efficiency of different promoters and secretory signal sequences in the expression and immunogenicity of the p30 protein from ASFV. Overall, the natural poxvirus PrMVA13.5L promoter induced high levels of both p30 mRNA and specific anti-p30 antibodies in mice. In contrast, the synthetic PrS5E promoter and the S E/L promoter linked to a secretory signal showed lower mRNA levels and antibodies. These findings indicate that promoter selection may be as crucial as the antigen used to develop ASFV subunit vaccines using MVA as the delivery vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Lopera-Madrid
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Lex G Medina-Magües
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Douglas P Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Greenport, NY, 11944, USA
| | - Manuel V Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Greenport, NY, 11944, USA
| | - Jorge E Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Sun W, Zhang H, Fan W, He L, Chen T, Zhou X, Qi Y, Sun L, Hu R, Luo T, Liu W, Li J. Evaluation of Cellular Immunity with ASFV Infection by Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA)-Peptide Tetramers. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112264. [PMID: 34835070 PMCID: PMC8617699 DOI: 10.3390/v13112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes acute hemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs and wild boars, resulting in incalculable economic losses to the pig industry. As the mechanism of viral infection is not clear, protective antigens have not been discovered or identified. In this study, we determined that the p30, pp62, p72, and CD2v proteins were all involved in the T cell immune response of live pigs infected with ASFV, among which p72 and pp62 proteins were the strongest. Panoramic scanning was performed on T cell epitopes of the p72 protein, and three high-frequency positive epitopes were selected to construct a swine leukocyte antigen (SLA)-tetramer, and ASFV-specific T cells were detected. Subsequently, the specific T cell and humoral immune responses of ASFV-infected pigs and surviving pigs were compared. The results demonstrate that the specific T cellular immunity responses gradually increased during the infection and were higher than that in the surviving pigs in the late stages of infection. The same trend was observed in specific humoral immune responses, which were highest in surviving pigs. In general, our study provides key information for the exploration of ASFV-specific immune responses and the development of an ASFV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - He Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Lihong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; (T.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Xintao Zhou
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; (T.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yu Qi
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; (T.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rongliang Hu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; (T.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.)
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (T.L.); (W.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Tingrong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (T.L.); (W.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (T.L.); (W.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (T.L.); (W.L.); (J.L.)
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Ong E, Cooke MF, Huffman A, Xiang Z, Wong MU, Wang H, Seetharaman M, Valdez N, He Y. Vaxign2: the second generation of the first Web-based vaccine design program using reverse vaccinology and machine learning. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:W671-W678. [PMID: 34009334 PMCID: PMC8218197 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most significant inventions in medicine. Reverse vaccinology (RV) is a state-of-the-art technique to predict vaccine candidates from pathogen's genome(s). To promote vaccine development, we updated Vaxign2, the first web-based vaccine design program using reverse vaccinology with machine learning. Vaxign2 is a comprehensive web server for rational vaccine design, consisting of predictive and computational workflow components. The predictive part includes the original Vaxign filtering-based method and a new machine learning-based method, Vaxign-ML. The benchmarking results using a validation dataset showed that Vaxign-ML had superior prediction performance compared to other RV tools. Besides the prediction component, Vaxign2 implemented various post-prediction analyses to significantly enhance users' capability to refine the prediction results based on different vaccine design rationales and considerably reduce user time to analyze the Vaxign/Vaxign-ML prediction results. Users provide proteome sequences as input data, select candidates based on Vaxign outputs and Vaxign-ML scores, and perform post-prediction analysis. Vaxign2 also includes precomputed results from approximately 1 million proteins in 398 proteomes of 36 pathogens. As a demonstration, Vaxign2 was used to effectively analyse SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus causing COVID-19. The comprehensive framework of Vaxign2 can support better and more rational vaccine design. Vaxign2 is publicly accessible at http://www.violinet.org/vaxign2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Ong
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael F Cooke
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anthony Huffman
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zuoshuang Xiang
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mei U Wong
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haihe Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Helongjiang, China
| | - Meenakshi Seetharaman
- Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ninotchka Valdez
- Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yongqun He
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Muñoz-Pérez C, Jurado C, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. African swine fever vaccine: Turning a dream into reality. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:2657-2668. [PMID: 34137198 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is currently threatening the swine industry at a global level. The disease originated in Africa has spread to Europe, Asia and Oceania, since 2007, reaching a pandemic dimension. Currently, the spread of ASF is unstoppable and that the development of a safe and effective vaccine is urgently required. The objective of this paper is to review the vaccine candidates tested during the 20th and 21st centuries, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these studies and to highlight what we should learn. Several strategies have been explored to date, some of which have shown positive and negative results. Inactivated preparations and subunit vaccines are not a viable option. The most promising strategy would appear to be live attenuated vaccines, because these vaccine candidates are able to induce variable percentages of protection against certain homologous and heterologous virus isolates. The number of studies on live attenuated vaccine candidates has steadily increased in the 21st century thanks to advances in molecular biology and an in-depth knowledge of ASF virus, which have allowed the development of vaccines based on deletion mutants. The deletion of virulence-related genes has proved to be a useful tool for attenuation, although attenuation does not always mean protection and even less, cross protection. Therefore, ASF vaccine development has proved to be one of the top priorities in ASF research. Efforts are still being made to fill the gaps in the knowledge regarding immune response, safety and cross protection, and these efforts will hopefully help to find a safe and effective vaccine that could be commercialised soon, thus making it possible to turn a dream into reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Muñoz-Pérez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre and Animal Health Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Jurado
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre and Animal Health Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre and Animal Health Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Koltsova G, Koltsov A, Krutko S, Kholod N, Tulman ER, Kolbasov D. Growth Kinetics and Protective Efficacy of Attenuated ASFV Strain Congo with Deletion of the EP402 Gene. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071259. [PMID: 34203302 PMCID: PMC8309992 DOI: 10.3390/v13071259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an emerging disease threat to the swine industry worldwide. There is no vaccine against ASF, and progress is hindered by a lack of knowledge concerning the extent of ASFV strain diversity and the viral antigens conferring type-specific protective immunity in pigs. We have previously demonstrated that homologous ASFV serotype-specific proteins CD2v (EP402R) and/or C-type lectin are required for protection against challenge with the virulent ASFV strain Congo (Genotype I, Serogroup 2), and we have identified T-cell epitopes on CD2v which may be associated with serotype-specific protection. Here, using a cell-culture adapted derivative of the ASFV strain Congo (Congo-a) with specific deletion of the EP402R gene (ΔCongoCD2v) in swine vaccination/challenge experiments, we demonstrated that deletion of the EP402R gene results in the failure of ΔCongoCD2v to induce protection against challenge with the virulent strain Congo (Congo-v). While ΔCongoCD2v growth kinetics in COS-1 cells and primary swine macrophage culture were almost identical to parental Congo-a, replication of ΔCongoCD2v in vivo was significantly reduced compared with parental Congo-a. Our data support the idea that the CD2v protein is important for the ability of homologous live-attenuated vaccines to induce protective immunity against the ASFV strain Congo challenge in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Koltsova
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (N.K.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrey Koltsov
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (N.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Sergey Krutko
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (N.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Natalia Kholod
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (N.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Edan R. Tulman
- Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Denis Kolbasov
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (N.K.); (D.K.)
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African Swine Fever Virus as a Difficult Opponent in the Fight for a Vaccine-Current Data. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071212. [PMID: 34201761 PMCID: PMC8310326 DOI: 10.3390/v13071212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention and control of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Europe, Asia, and Africa seem to be extremely difficult in view of the ease with which it spreads, its high resistance to environmental conditions, and the many obstacles related to the introduction of effective specific immunoprophylaxis. Biological properties of ASFV indicate that the African swine fever (ASF) pandemic will continue to develop and that only the implementation of an effective and safe vaccine will ensure a reduction in the spread of ASFV. At present, vaccines against ASF are not available. The latest approaches to the ASFV vaccine’s design concentrate on the development of either modified live vaccines by targeted gene deletion from different isolates or subunit vaccines. The construction of an effective vaccine is hindered by the complex structure of the virus, the lack of an effective continuous cell line for the isolation and propagation of ASFV, unpredictable and stain-specific phenotypes after the genetic modification of ASFV, a risk of reversion to virulence, and our current inability to differentiate infected animals from vaccinated ones. Moreover, the design of vaccines intended for wild boars and oral administration is desirable. Despite several obstacles, the design of a safe and effective vaccine against ASFV seems to be achievable.
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36
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Research progress on live attenuated vaccine against African swine fever virus. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105024. [PMID: 34089790 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic and severe infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) in domestic pigs and various wild boars, with a mortality rate up to 100%. ASF was first discovered in 1921 in Kenya. ASFV has a large genome and complex immune escape mechanism creating difficulties in the production of vaccines. Recently, remarkable advances have been made in vaccine development all over the world especially in live-attenuated vaccine. This article aims to review the research progress of ASF attenuated live vaccines in order to provide a reference for the development of vaccines for this disease.
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Thoughts on African Swine Fever Vaccines. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050943. [PMID: 34065425 PMCID: PMC8161283 DOI: 10.3390/v13050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease of domestic swine with mortality rates approaching 100%. Devastating ASF outbreaks and continuing epidemics starting in the Caucasus region and now in the Russian Federation, Europe, China, and other parts of Southeast Asia (2007 to date) highlight its significance. ASF strain Georgia-07 and its derivatives are now endemic in extensive regions of Europe and Asia and are "out of Africa" forever, a situation that poses a grave if not an existential threat to the swine industry worldwide. While our current concern is Georgia-07, other emerging ASFV strains will threaten for the indefinite future. Economic analysis indicates that an ASF outbreak in the U.S. would result in approximately $15 billion USD in losses, assuming the disease is rapidly controlled and the U.S. is able to reenter export markets within two years. ASF's potential to spread and become endemic in new regions, its rapid and efficient transmission among pigs, and the relative stability of the causative agent ASF virus (ASFV) in the environment all provide significant challenges for disease control. Effective and robust methods, including vaccines for ASF response and recovery, are needed immediately.
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M448R and MGF505-7R: Two African Swine Fever Virus Antigens Commonly Recognized by ASFV-Specific T-Cells and with Protective Potential. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050508. [PMID: 34069239 PMCID: PMC8156282 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is today′s number one threat for the global swine industry. Neither commercial vaccine nor treatment is available against ASF and, thus far, only live attenuated viruses (LAV) have provided robust protection against lethal ASF virus (ASFV) challenge infections. Identification of ASFV proteins inducing protective immune responses is one of the major challenges to develop safer and efficient subunit vaccines. Immunopeptidomic studies recently performed in our laboratory allowed identifying ASFV antigens recognized by ASFV-specific CD8+ T-cells. Here, we used data from the SLAI-peptide repertoire presented by a single set of ASFV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages to generate a complex DNA vaccine composed by 15 plasmids encoding the individual peptide-bearing ORFs. DNA vaccine priming improved the protection afforded by a suboptimal dose of the BA71ΔCD2 LAV given as booster vaccination, against Georgia2007/1 lethal challenge. Interestingly, M448R was the only protein promiscuously recognized by the induced ASFV-specific T-cells. Furthermore, priming pigs with DNA plasmids encoding M488R and MGF505-7R, a CD8+ T-cell antigen previously described, confirmed these two proteins as T-cell antigens with protective potential. These studies might be useful to pave the road for designing safe and more efficient vaccine formulations in the future.
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Bao YJ, Qiu J, Luo Y, Rodríguez F, Qiu HJ. The genetic variation landscape of African swine fever virus reveals frequent positive selection and adaptive flexibility. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:2703-2721. [PMID: 33751854 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a lethal disease agent that causes high mortality in swine population and devastating loss in swine industries. The development of efficacious vaccines has been hindered by the gap in knowledge concerning genetic variation of ASFV and the genetic factors involved in host adaptation and virus-host interactions. In this study, we performed a meta-genetic study of ASFV aiming to profile the variation landscape and identify genetic factors with signatures of positive selection and relevance to host adaptation. Our data reveal a high level of genetic variability of ASFV shaped by both diversifying selection and selective sweep. The selection signatures are widely distributed across the genome with the diversifying selection falling within 29 genes and selection sweep within 25 genes, highlighting strong signals of adaptive evolution of ASFV. Further examination of the sequence properties reveals the link of the selection signatures with virus-host interactions and adaptive flexibility. Specifically, we discovered a site at 157th of the key antigen protein EP402R under diversifying selection, which is located in the cytotoxic T-cell epitope related to the low level of cross-reaction in T-cell response. Importantly, two multigene families MGF360 and MGF505, the host range factors of ASFV, exhibit divergent selection among the paralogous members, conferring sequence pools for genetic diversification and adaptive capability. By integrating the genes with selection signatures into a unified framework of interactions between ASFV and hosts, we showed that the genes are involved in multiple processes of host immune interaction and virus life cycles, and may play crucial roles in circumventing host defence systems and enhancing adaptive fitness. Our findings will allow enhanced understanding of genetic basis of rapid spreading and adaptation of ASFV among the hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Juan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Junhui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yuzi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Fernando Rodríguez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA), Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
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Future perspectives on swine viral vaccines: where are we headed? Porcine Health Manag 2021; 7:1. [PMID: 33397477 PMCID: PMC7780603 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-020-00179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deliberate infection of humans with smallpox, also known as variolation, was a common practice in Asia and dates back to the fifteenth century. The world's first human vaccination was administered in 1796 by Edward Jenner, a British physician. One of the first pig vaccines, which targeted the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, was introduced in 1883 in France by Louis Pasteur. Since then vaccination has become an essential part of pig production, and viral vaccines in particular are essential tools for pig producers and veterinarians to manage pig herd health. Traditionally, viral vaccines for pigs are either based on attenuated-live virus strains or inactivated viral antigens. With the advent of genomic sequencing and molecular engineering, novel vaccine strategies and tools, including subunit and nucleic acid vaccines, became available and are being increasingly used in pigs. This review aims to summarize recent trends and technologies available for the production and use of vaccines targeting pig viruses.
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Viral Vector Vaccines against Bluetongue Virus. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010042. [PMID: 33375723 PMCID: PMC7823852 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV), the prototype member of the genus Orbivirus (family Reoviridae), is the causative agent of an important livestock disease, bluetongue (BT), which is transmitted via biting midges of the genus Culicoides. To date, up to 29 serotypes of BTV have been described, which are classified as classical (BTV 1–24) or atypical (serotypes 25–27), and its distribution has been expanding since 1998, with important outbreaks in the Mediterranean Basin and devastating incursions in Northern and Western Europe. Classical vaccine approaches, such as live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines, have been used as prophylactic measures to control BT through the years. However, these vaccine approaches fail to address important matters like vaccine safety profile, effectiveness, induction of a cross-protective immune response among serotypes, and implementation of a DIVA (differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals) strategy. In this context, a wide range of recombinant vaccine prototypes against BTV, ranging from subunit vaccines to recombinant viral vector vaccines, have been investigated. This article offers a comprehensive outline of the live viral vectors used against BTV.
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Feng Z, Chen J, Liang W, Chen W, Li Z, Chen Q, Cai S. The recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing African swine fever virus CD2v protein is safe and effective in mice. Virol J 2020; 17:180. [PMID: 33198749 PMCID: PMC7668019 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African swine fever (ASF) leads to high mortality in domestic pigs and wild boar and is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Currently, no vaccine is commercially available for prevention, and the epidemic is still spreading. Here, we constructed a recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV) (PRV-ΔgE/ΔgI/ΔTK-(CD2v)) that expresses the CD2v protein of ASFV and evaluated its effectiveness and safety as a vaccine candidate in mice. Methods A homologous recombination fragment containing ASFV CD2v was synthesized and co-transfected into HEK 293 T cells, a knockout vector targeting the PRV TK gene. The transfected cells were infected with PRV-ΔgE/ΔgI, and the recombinant strain (PRV-ΔgE/ΔgI/ΔTK-(CD2v)) was obtained by plaque purification in Vero cells. The expression of ASFV CD2v in the recombinant virus was confirmed by sequencing, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis, and the genetic stability was tested in Vero cells over 20 passages. The virulence, immunogenicity and protective ability of the recombinant virus were further tested in a mouse model. Results The PRV-ΔgE/ΔgI/ΔTK-(CD2v) recombinant strain is stable in Vero cells, and the processing of CD2v does not depend on ASFV infection. The vaccination of PRV-ΔgE/ΔgI/ΔTK-(CD2v) causes neither pruritus, not a systemic infection and inflammation (with the high expression of interleukin-6 (IL6)). Besides, the virus vaccination can produce anti-CD2v specific antibody and activate a specific cellular immune response, and 100% protect mice from the challenge of the virulent strain (PRV-Fa). The detoxification occurs much earlier upon the recombinant virus vaccination and the amount of detoxification is much lower as well. Conclusions The PRV-ΔgE/ΔgI/ΔTK-(CD2v) recombinant strain has strong immunogenicity, is safe and effective, and maybe a potential vaccine candidate for the prevention of ASF and Pseudorabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangwang Liang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Province, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pudang, Jin-an District, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoli Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, 350117, People's Republic of China.
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Wu K, Liu J, Wang L, Fan S, Li Z, Li Y, Yi L, Ding H, Zhao M, Chen J. Current State of Global African Swine Fever Vaccine Development under the Prevalence and Transmission of ASF in China. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030531. [PMID: 32942741 PMCID: PMC7564663 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal contagious disease of swine caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). At present, it is listed as a notifiable disease reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and a class one animal disease ruled by Chinese government. ASF has brought significant economic losses to the pig industry since its outbreak in China in August 2018. In this review, we recapitulated the epidemic situation of ASF in China as of July 2020 and analyzed the influencing factors during its transmission. Since the situation facing the prevention, control, and eradication of ASF in China is not optimistic, safe and effective vaccines are urgently needed. In light of the continuous development of ASF vaccines in the world, the current scenarios and evolving trends of ASF vaccines are emphatically analyzed in the latter part of the review. The latest research outcomes showed that attempts on ASF gene-deleted vaccines and virus-vectored vaccines have proven to provide complete homologous protection with promising efficacy. Moreover, gaps and future research directions of ASF vaccine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lianxiang Wang
- Hog Production Division, Guangdong Wen2019s Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd., Xinxing 527439, China;
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-20-8528-0245
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Goatley LC, Reis AL, Portugal R, Goldswain H, Shimmon GL, Hargreaves Z, Ho CS, Montoya M, Sánchez-Cordón PJ, Taylor G, Dixon LK, Netherton CL. A Pool of Eight Virally Vectored African Swine Fever Antigens Protect Pigs Against Fatal Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E234. [PMID: 32443536 PMCID: PMC7349991 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical approaches to African swine fever virus (ASFV) vaccine development have not been successful; inactivated virus does not provide protection and use of live attenuated viruses generated by passage in tissue culture had a poor safety profile. Current African swine fever (ASF) vaccine research focuses on the development of modified live viruses by targeted gene deletion or subunit vaccines. The latter approach would be differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals (DIVA)-compliant, but information on which viral proteins to include in a subunit vaccine is lacking. Our previous work used DNA-prime/vaccinia-virus boost to screen 40 ASFV genes for immunogenicity, however this immunization regime did not protect animals after challenge. Here we describe the induction of both antigen and ASFV-specific antibody and cellular immune responses by different viral-vectored pools of antigens selected based on their immunogenicity in pigs. Immunization with one of these pools, comprising eight viral-vectored ASFV genes, protected 100% of pigs from fatal disease after challenge with a normally lethal dose of virulent ASFV. This data provide the basis for the further development of a subunit vaccine against this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette C. Goatley
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.C.G.); (A.L.R.); (R.P.); (H.G.); (G.L.S.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (P.J.S.-C.); (G.T.); (L.K.D.)
| | - Ana Luisa Reis
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.C.G.); (A.L.R.); (R.P.); (H.G.); (G.L.S.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (P.J.S.-C.); (G.T.); (L.K.D.)
| | - Raquel Portugal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.C.G.); (A.L.R.); (R.P.); (H.G.); (G.L.S.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (P.J.S.-C.); (G.T.); (L.K.D.)
| | - Hannah Goldswain
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.C.G.); (A.L.R.); (R.P.); (H.G.); (G.L.S.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (P.J.S.-C.); (G.T.); (L.K.D.)
| | - Gareth L. Shimmon
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.C.G.); (A.L.R.); (R.P.); (H.G.); (G.L.S.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (P.J.S.-C.); (G.T.); (L.K.D.)
| | - Zoe Hargreaves
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.C.G.); (A.L.R.); (R.P.); (H.G.); (G.L.S.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (P.J.S.-C.); (G.T.); (L.K.D.)
| | - Chak-Sum Ho
- Gift of Hope Organ and Tissue Donor Network, Itasca, IL 60143, USA;
| | - María Montoya
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.C.G.); (A.L.R.); (R.P.); (H.G.); (G.L.S.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (P.J.S.-C.); (G.T.); (L.K.D.)
| | - Pedro J. Sánchez-Cordón
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.C.G.); (A.L.R.); (R.P.); (H.G.); (G.L.S.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (P.J.S.-C.); (G.T.); (L.K.D.)
| | - Geraldine Taylor
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.C.G.); (A.L.R.); (R.P.); (H.G.); (G.L.S.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (P.J.S.-C.); (G.T.); (L.K.D.)
| | - Linda K. Dixon
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.C.G.); (A.L.R.); (R.P.); (H.G.); (G.L.S.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (P.J.S.-C.); (G.T.); (L.K.D.)
| | - Christopher L. Netherton
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.C.G.); (A.L.R.); (R.P.); (H.G.); (G.L.S.); (Z.H.); (M.M.); (P.J.S.-C.); (G.T.); (L.K.D.)
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Cadenas-Fernández E, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM, Kosowska A, Rivera B, Mayoral-Alegre F, Rodríguez-Bertos A, Yao J, Bray J, Lokhandwala S, Mwangi W, Barasona JA. Adenovirus-vectored African Swine Fever Virus Antigens Cocktail Is Not Protective against Virulent Arm07 Isolate in Eurasian Wild Boar. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030171. [PMID: 32121082 PMCID: PMC7157622 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease of domestic and wild suids for which there is currently no vaccine or treatment available. The recent spread of ASF virus (ASFV) through Europe and Asia is causing enormous economic and animal losses. Unfortunately, the measures taken so far are insufficient and an effective vaccine against ASFV needs to be urgently developed. We hypothesized that immunization with a cocktail of thirty-five rationally selected antigens would improve the protective efficacy of subunit vaccine prototypes given that the combination of fewer immunogenic antigens (between 2 and 22) has failed to elicit protective efficacy. To this end, immunogenicity and efficacy of thirty-five adenovirus-vectored ASFV antigens were evaluated in wild boar. The treated animals were divided into different groups to test the use of BioMize adjuvant and different inoculation strategies. Forty-eight days after priming, the nine treated and two control wild boar were challenged with the virulent ASFV Arm07 isolate. All animals showed clinical signs and pathological findings consistent with ASF. This lack of protection is in line with other studies with subunit vaccine prototypes, demonstrating that there is still much room for improvement to obtain an effective subunit ASFV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Cadenas-Fernández
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.S.-V.); (A.K.); (B.R.); (F.M.-A.); (A.R.-B.); (J.A.B.)
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.-F.); (W.M.)
| | - Jose M. Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.S.-V.); (A.K.); (B.R.); (F.M.-A.); (A.R.-B.); (J.A.B.)
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Kosowska
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.S.-V.); (A.K.); (B.R.); (F.M.-A.); (A.R.-B.); (J.A.B.)
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Rivera
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.S.-V.); (A.K.); (B.R.); (F.M.-A.); (A.R.-B.); (J.A.B.)
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Mayoral-Alegre
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.S.-V.); (A.K.); (B.R.); (F.M.-A.); (A.R.-B.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.S.-V.); (A.K.); (B.R.); (F.M.-A.); (A.R.-B.); (J.A.B.)
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jianxiu Yao
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (J.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Jocelyn Bray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas, TX 77843-4467, USA;
| | - Shehnaz Lokhandwala
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (J.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Waithaka Mwangi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (J.Y.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.-F.); (W.M.)
| | - Jose A. Barasona
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.S.-V.); (A.K.); (B.R.); (F.M.-A.); (A.R.-B.); (J.A.B.)
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sang H, Miller G, Lokhandwala S, Sangewar N, Waghela SD, Bishop RP, Mwangi W. Progress Toward Development of Effective and Safe African Swine Fever Virus Vaccines. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:84. [PMID: 32154279 PMCID: PMC7047163 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever is a major concern due to its negative impact on pork production in affected regions. Due to lack of treatment and a safe vaccine, it has been extremely difficult to control this devastating disease. The mechanisms of virus entry, replication within the host cells, immune evasion mechanisms, correlates of protection, and antigens that are effective at inducing host immune response, are now gradually being identified. This information is required for rational design of novel disease control strategies. Pigs which recover from infection with less virulent ASFV isolates can be protected from challenge with related virulent isolates. This strongly indicates that an effective vaccine against ASFV could be developed. Nonetheless, it is clear that effective immunity depends on both antibody and cellular immune responses. This review paper summarizes the key studies that have evaluated three major approaches for development of African Swine Fever virus vaccines. Recent immunization strategies have involved development and in vivo evaluation of live attenuated virus, and recombinant protein- and DNA-based and virus-vectored subunit vaccine candidates. The limitations of challenge models for evaluating ASFV vaccine candidates are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huldah Sang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Gabrielle Miller
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Shehnaz Lokhandwala
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Neha Sangewar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Suryakant D. Waghela
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Richard P. Bishop
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Waithaka Mwangi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Steigerwald R, Brake DA, Barrera J, Schutta CJ, Kalla M, Wennier ST, Volkmann A, Hurtle W, Clark BA, Zurita M, Pisano M, Kamicker BJ, Puckette MC, Rasmussen MV, Neilan JG. Evaluation of modified Vaccinia Ankara-based vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease serotype A24 in cattle. Vaccine 2019; 38:769-778. [PMID: 31718901 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To prepare foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) recombinant vaccines in response to newly emerging FMD virus (FMDV) field strains, we evaluated Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN®) as an FMD vaccine vector platform. The MVA-BN vector has the capacity to carry and express numerous foreign genes and thereby has the potential to encode antigens from multiple FMDV strains. Moreover, this vector has an extensive safety record in humans. All MVA-BN-FMD constructs expressed the FMDV A24 Cruzeiro P1 capsid polyprotein as antigen and the FMDV 3C protease required for processing of the polyprotein. Because the FMDV wild-type 3C protease is detrimental to mammalian cells, one of four FMDV 3C protease variants were utilized: wild-type, or one of three previously reported mutants intended to dampen protease activity (C142T, C142L) or to increase specificity and thereby reduce adverse effects (L127P). These 3C coding sequences were expressed under the control of different promoters selected to reduce 3C protease expression. Four MVA-BN-FMD constructs were evaluated in vitro for acceptable vector stability, FMDV P1 polyprotein expression, processing, and the potential for vaccine scale-up production. Two MVA-BN FMD constructs met the in vitro selection criteria to qualify for clinical studies: MVA-mBN360B (carrying a C142T mutant 3C protease and an HIV frameshift for reduced expression) and MVA-mBN386B (carrying a L127P mutant 3C protease). Both vaccines were safe in cattle and elicited low to moderate serum neutralization titers to FMDV following multiple dose administrations. Following FMDV homologous challenge, both vaccines conferred 100% protection against clinical FMD and viremia using single dose or prime-boost immunization regimens. The MVA-BN FMD vaccine platform was capable of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). The demonstration of the successful application of MVA-BN as an FMD vaccine vector provides a platform for further FMD vaccine development against more epidemiologically relevant FMDV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Steigerwald
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhoferstrasse 13, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - David A Brake
- BioQuest Associates, LLC, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, United States.
| | - José Barrera
- Leidos, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, United States.
| | - Christopher J Schutta
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, United States.
| | - Markus Kalla
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhoferstrasse 13, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Sonia T Wennier
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhoferstrasse 13, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Ariane Volkmann
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhoferstrasse 13, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - William Hurtle
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, United States.
| | - Benjamin A Clark
- Leidos, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, United States.
| | - Mariceny Zurita
- Leidos, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, United States.
| | - Melia Pisano
- Leidos, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, United States.
| | - Barbara J Kamicker
- Leidos, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, United States.
| | - Michael C Puckette
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, United States.
| | - Max V Rasmussen
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, United States.
| | - John G Neilan
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, United States.
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48
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Teklue T, Sun Y, Abid M, Luo Y, Qiu HJ. Current status and evolving approaches to African swine fever vaccine development. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:529-542. [PMID: 31538406 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal haemorrhagic disease of swine caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), a unique and genetically complex virus. The disease continues to be a huge burden to the pig industry in Africa, Europe and recently in Asia, especially China. The purpose of this review was to recapitulate the current scenarios and evolving trends in ASF vaccine development. The unavailability of an applicable ASF vaccine is partly due to the complex nature of the virus, which encodes various proteins associated with immune evasion. Moreover, the incomplete understanding of immune protection determinants of ASFV hampers the rational vaccine design. Developing an effective ASF vaccine continues to be a challenging task due to many undefined features of ASFV immunobiology. Recent attempts on DNA and live attenuated ASF vaccines have been reported with promising efficacy, and especially live attenuated vaccines have been proved to provide complete homologous protection. Single-cycle viral vaccines have been developed for various diseases such as Rift Valley fever and bluetongue, and the rational extension of these strategies could be helpful for developing single-cycle ASF vaccines. Therefore, live attenuated vaccines in short term and single-cycle vaccines in long term would be the next generation of ASF vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshale Teklue
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuzi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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49
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Gaudreault NN, Richt JA. Subunit Vaccine Approaches for African Swine Fever Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7020056. [PMID: 31242632 PMCID: PMC6631172 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the cause of a highly fatal disease in swine, for which there is no available vaccine. The disease is highly contagious and poses a serious threat to the swine industry worldwide. Since its introduction to the Caucasus region in 2007, a highly virulent, genotype II strain of ASFV has continued to circulate and spread into Eastern Europe and Russia, and most recently into Western Europe, China, and various countries of Southeast Asia. This review summarizes various ASFV vaccine strategies that have been investigated, with focus on antigen-, DNA-, and virus vector-based vaccines. Known ASFV antigens and the determinants of protection against ASFV versus immunopathological enhancement of infection and disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N Gaudreault
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, K224 Mosier Hall, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Juergen A Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, K224 Mosier Hall, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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50
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Sánchez EG, Pérez-Núñez D, Revilla Y. Development of vaccines against African swine fever virus. Virus Res 2019; 265:150-155. [PMID: 30922809 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak in the Caucasus in 2007 initiated the spread of ASFV through Russia and Eastern Europe, subsequently affecting Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, the Baltic States, the Czech Republic, Moldova, Romania and Bulgaria. The declaration of outbreaks in China and Central Europe in August 2018, definitely confirms the serious threat that the extension of ASF represents for the global swine industry and the environment. Despite the efforts of several groups to generate a vaccine against ASFV, currently only control and eradication measures are available based mainly on the early detection and implementation of strict sanitary procedures, including the mass slaughter of animals, both domestic and wild boar. However, the rapid spread of the disease shows that these actions are clearly insufficient to control the current pandemic situation, and the development of a vaccine is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Sánchez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Revilla
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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