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Aly SM, Eissa AE, Abdel-Razek N, El-Ramlawy AO. The antibacterial activity and immunomodulatory effect of naturally synthesized chitosan and silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas fluorescence infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): An in vivo study. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108628. [PMID: 36822383 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A sixty-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) on the growth and immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), compared with the control group. CNPs and AgNPs were green synthesized and added to a control diet (30% crude protein) at levels of 2.0 g CNPs/kg diet and 1.0 mg AgNPs/kg diet. One hundred and eighty fish (101 ± 3.98 g) were randomly distributed into nine fiberglass tanks (200 cm × 200 cm x 100 cm, twenty fish each) to represent three equal groups (60 fish per group). After one and two months of the feeding trial, parameters of water quality, growth indices, hematology, and liver and kidney biomarkers were evaluated. At the end of the experiment, 10 fish from each group were challenged experimentally via the intraperitoneal injection with Pseudomonas fluorescence and fish mortality was observed for further ten days. Then, specimens from the liver, kidney, spleen, and anterior intestine were examined to assess the histopathological alterations. Incorporating a 2.0 g CNPs/kg diet was a promising growth enhancer; however, a 1.0 mg AgNPs/kg diet had no effects on tilapia performance. Furthermore, AgNPs appeared to reduce water pollution, leading to water filtration via decreasing both total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC). A significant role of AgNPs in improving tilapia's erythrogram (RBCs number and Hb concentration) was evident. Compared with the control group, both groups of CNPs and AgNPs improved non-specific immune parameters and showed defense effects against P. fluorescence. The fish mortality after P. fluorescence infection in CNPs and AgNPs-fed fish groups revealed significant decreases (P < 0.05) of 10% and 25%; respectively, while the control group exhibited a mortality rate of 40%. The current investigation evoked that using dietary CNPs (2.0 g/kg feed) as an antibacterial agent against P. fluorescence infection in Nile tilapia culture was better than dietary AgNPs (1.0 mg/kg diet) which, induced cells inflammation causing tissues necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah M Aly
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Alaa Eldin Eissa
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine & Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Abdel-Razek
- Department of Fish Health and Management, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44662, Egypt
| | - Asmaa O El-Ramlawy
- Department of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Fish Farming and Technology Institute, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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2
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Abbasi M, Taheri Mirghaed A, Hoseini SM, Rajabiesterabadi H, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Effects of Dietary Glycine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immunological, and Erythrocyte Antioxidant Parameters in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030412. [PMID: 36766300 PMCID: PMC9913273 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary glycine supplementation, 0 (control), 5 (5 GL), and 10 (10 GL) g/kg, have been investigated on growth performance, hematological parameters, erythrocyte antioxidant capacity, humoral and mucosal immunity in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. After eight weeks feeding, the 5 GL treatment exhibited significant improvement in growth performance and feed efficacy, compared to the control treatment. Red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophil and monocyte counts/percentages, RBC reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and skin mucosal alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, protease, and lysozyme activities were similar in the glycine-treated fish and significantly higher than the control treatment. Blood lymphocyte percentage decreased in the glycine-treated fish, but lymphocyte count increased, compared to the control fish. RBC glutathione reductase activities in the glycine-treated fish were similar and significantly lower than the control treatment. The highest plasma lysozyme and alternative complement activities were observed in GL treatment. The glycine-treated fish, particularly 5 GL, exhibited significant improvement in RBC osmotic fragility resistance. Dietary glycine had no significant effects on RBC glutathione peroxidase activity, plasma immunoglobulin, eosinophil percentage/count, and hematological indices. In conclusion, most of the benefits of dietary glycine supplementation may be mediated by increased glutathione synthesis and antioxidant power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Abbasi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara 4361996196, Iran
| | - Ali Taheri Mirghaed
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 14119963111, Iran
| | - Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan 4916687631, Iran
| | - Hamid Rajabiesterabadi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Golestan 8998549617, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4913815739, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4913815739, Iran
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-941-000
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3
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Shabana BM, Elkenany RM, Younis G. Sequencing and multiple antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from Nile tilapia fish in Egypt. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e257144. [PMID: 35293547 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.257144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens is one of the main causes of septicemic diseases among freshwater fish, causing severe economic losses and decreasing farm efficiency. Thus, this research was aimed to investigate the occurrence of P. fluorescens in Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus) fish in Egypt, gene sequencing of 16SrDNA gene, and antimicrobial susceptibility. P. fluorescens strains were detected in 32% (128\400) of apparently healthy (9%; 36\400) and diseased (23%; 92\400) Nile tilapia fish. The highest prevalence was observed in gills of fish, 31.3% followed by intestine 26.9%, liver 24.2%, and kidneys 17.6%. The PCR results for the 16SrDNA gene of P. fluorescens showed 16SrDNA gene in 30% of examined isolates. Moreover, Homogeny and a strong relationship between strains of P. fluorescens was confirmed using 16SrDNA sequences. Beside the responsibility of 16SrDNA gene on the virulence of P. fluorescens. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that all strains were resistant to piperacillin (100%), followed by ceftazidime (29.7%), and cefepime (25.8%). The strains of P. fluorescence were highly sensitive to cefotaxime (74.2%), followed by ceftriaxone and levofloxacin (70.3% each). Interestingly, 29.7% of strains of P. fluorescens were multiple antimicrobial-resistant (MAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Shabana
- Mansoura University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - R M Elkenany
- Mansoura University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - G Younis
- Mansoura University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Mansoura, Egypt
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Li C, Zhao M, Song T, Zhao X, Shao Y, Zhang W. Characterization and Construction of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus T32 Strain that Can Remove Ammonia Nitrogen and Mercury. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang C, Bijl E, Svensson B, Hettinga K. The Extracellular Protease AprX fromPseudomonasand its Spoilage Potential for UHT Milk: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:834-852. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Zhang
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design GroupWageningen Univ. and Research P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Etske Bijl
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design GroupWageningen Univ. and Research P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Svensson
- Tetra Pak Processing Systems ABRuben Rausings gata 221 86 Lund Sweden
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design GroupWageningen Univ. and Research P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
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6
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Dias C, Ribeiro M, Correia-Branco A, Domínguez-Perles R, Martel F, Saavedra MJ, Simões M. Virulence, attachment and invasion of Caco-2 cells by multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from wild animals. Microb Pathog 2019; 128:230-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Meng L, Liu H, Dong L, Zheng N, Xing M, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Wang J. Identification and proteolytic activity quantification of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from different raw milks at storage temperatures. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2897-2905. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Mahmoud MMA, El-Lamie MMM, Kilany OE, Dessouki AA. Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation improves growth performance, feed utilization, immune response, and relieves oxidative stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with Pseudomonas fluorescens. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:291-300. [PMID: 29117593 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and eighty Nile tilapia fish were used in eighty-three-day growth trial. Fish were divided into three treatment groups. The first group T0 was given the basal diet without any supplementation and served as the control group. The second group T1 was given the basal diet supplemented by 1% Spirulina. The third group T2 was given the basal diet supplemented by 2% Spirulina. At the end of the growth performance trial, a challenge trial was conducted using virulent strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Clinical signs, mortalities, postmortem lesions and histopathological alterations were recorded. Hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress and immunological parameters were measured after challenge with Pseudomonas fluorescens. Growth performance was non significantly improved in tilapia fed the diet with 1% Spirulina supplementation (T1). There were neither signs nor mortalities among fishes belonging to 1% Spirulina challenged group. The results showed that Spirulina has a positive effect on hematological, biochemical parameters, MDA, SOD and CAT at T1 (1% spirulia) rather than T2 (2%spirulia). Moreover, the results indicate that Spirulina 1% enhanced bactericidal, phagocytic and lysozyme activities conferring protection against infection. Our results demonstrated a significant up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) and a down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). We concluded that 1% Spirulina supplementation significantly improved immunity of Nile tilapia against Pseudomonas fluorescence than 2% Spirulina supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M A Mahmoud
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Maather M M El-Lamie
- Fish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Omnia E Kilany
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Amina A Dessouki
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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9
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Meng L, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhao S, Wang J, Zheng N. Characterization of Pseudomonas spp. and Associated Proteolytic Properties in Raw Milk Stored at Low Temperatures. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2158. [PMID: 29167660 PMCID: PMC5682325 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk spoilage is caused by the presence of proteolytic enzymes produced by Pseudomonas spp. during storage at low temperatures. The aim of this study was to identify Pseudomonas spp. in raw milk and investigate their associated proteolytic properties at low temperatures. Raw milk samples (n = 87) were collected from 87 bulk tanks in Shaanxi Province in China. Pseudomonas spp. were identified using Pseudomonas specific 16S, universal 16S rRNA sequencing, and rpoB gene sequencing. The proteolytic properties of Pseudomonas spp. were examined using milk agar, quantitative trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid assay, and by the presence of alkaline metallopeptidase gene (aprX). A total 143 isolates from all 87 samples were confirmed as Pseudomonas, and were identified as belonging to 14 Pseudomonas species. Of these, 40 (28.0%) isolates revealed proteolysis on milk agar at 2°C, 74 (51.8%) at 4°C, 104 (72.7%) at 7°C, and 102 (71.3%) at 10°C. However, proteolytic activity of 45 (31.5%) isolates exceeded 2 μmol of glycine equivalents per mL at 7°C, followed by 43 (30.1%) at 10°C, 18 (12.6%) at 4°C, and 7 (4.9%) at 2°C. The results reveal proteolytic activity of Pseudomonas spp. present in milk and their spoilage potential at different temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Meng
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center, Beijing, China
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10
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Zhao ML, Chi H, Sun L. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps of Cynoglossus semilaevis: Production Characteristics and Antibacterial Effect. Front Immunol 2017; 8:290. [PMID: 28382034 PMCID: PMC5360709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are structures released by neutrophils as a cellular immune defense against microbial invasion. The process of NETs generation, netosis (NETosis), can take place via either a suicidal mechanism, during which the NETs-releasing cells became dead, or a “live” mechanism, during which the NETs-releasing cells remain vital. NETosis has been studied intensively in mammals in recent years, but very little is known about the NETosis in fish. In this study, we examined NETosis in tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), a species of teleost with important economic values. We found that following stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and three common fish bacterial pathogens, abundant NETs structures were released by neutrophils that were most likely in a live state. The released NETs captured, but did not kill, the bacterial pathogens; however, the replication of extracellular, but not intracellular, pathogens was inhibited by NETs to significant extents. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) production were observed to be enhanced in NETosing neutrophils, and blocking the production of these factors by inhibitors significantly decreased NETs production induced by PMA and all three bacteria. Taken together, these results indicate for the first time that in teleost there exists a non-cell death pathway of NETosis that produces NETs with antibacterial effects in a ROS-, NO-, and MPO-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
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11
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Zhang S, Liu N, Liang W, Han Q, Zhang W, Li C. Quorum sensing-disrupting coumarin suppressing virulence phenotypes in Vibrio splendidus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:3371-3378. [PMID: 27942756 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of an environmental friendly natural reagent coumarin, on the growth and potential virulence factors, as well as its ability to interfere the infection of Vibrio splendidus (Vs), were determined. Coumarin showed no effects on the maximal growth of Vs, and biofilm formation of Vs, while it significantly decreased protease activity and hemolytic activity by 43 and 80%, respectively. Correspondingly, coumarin exhibited an obviously protective effect, with a relative percent survival of 60% upon Apostichopus japonicus from infection by Vs. To preliminarily investigate the mechanism underlining the inhibitory effects, regulation of genes Vsm and Vsh respectively related to protease activity and hemolytic activity by supernatant and supernatant extract containing acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) and coumarin was determined. Cell-free supernatant from higher density and its ethyl acetate extract containing AHL signal molecules could respectively upregulate the mRNA level of Vsm by 17.4- and 2.3-fold and Vsh by 7.2- and 5.0-fold, when Vs was at lower cell density. However, coumarin could reduce the stimulatory effects of both the supernatant and its ethyl acetate extract. Combining all the results in our study, it was suggested that coumarin could be considered as an alternative to be used for controlling infection of Vs, downregulating the expression of potential virulence factors through interfering the AHL-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikang Liang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxi Han
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenghua Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zhang C, Liang W, Zhang W, Li C. Characterization of a metalloprotease involved in Vibrio splendidus infection in the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Microb Pathog 2016; 101:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Alves MP, Salgado RL, Eller MR, Vidigal PMP, Fernandes de Carvalho A. Characterization of a heat-resistant extracellular protease from Pseudomonas fluorescens 07A shows that low temperature treatments are more effective in deactivating its proteolytic activity. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:7842-7851. [PMID: 27497896 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This work discusses the biological and biochemical characterization of an extracellular protease produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 49.486 kDa and hydrolyzes gelatin, casein, and azocasein, but not BSA. Its maximum activity is found at 37°C and pH 7.5, but it retained almost 70% activity at pH 10.0. It was shown to be a metalloprotease inhibited by Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Zn(2+), Hg(2+), Fe(2+), and Mg(2+), but induced by Mn(2+). After incubation at 100°C for 5min, the enzyme presented over 40% activity, but only 14 to 30% when submitted to milder heat treatments. This behavior may cause significant problems under conditions commonly used for the processing and storage of milk and dairy products, particularly UHT milk. A specific peptide sequenced by mass spectrometer analysis allowed the identification of gene that encodes this extracellular protease in the genome of Pseudomonas fluorescens 07A strain. The enzyme has 477 AA and highly conserved Ca(2+)- and Zn(2+)-binding domains, indicating that Ca(2+), the main ion in milk, is also a cofactor. This work contributes to the understanding of the biochemical aspects of enzyme activity and associates them with its sequence and structure. These findings are essential for the full understanding and control of these enzymes and the technological problems they cause in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura P Alves
- Inovaleite Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36570000
| | - Rafael L Salgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36570000
| | - Monique R Eller
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36570000
| | - Pedro Marcus P Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36570000
| | - Antonio Fernandes de Carvalho
- Inovaleite Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36570000.
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14
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Chi H, Sun L. Neutrophils of Scophthalmus maximus produce extracellular traps that capture bacteria and inhibit bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:7-12. [PMID: 26586641 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute an essential part of the innate immune system. Recently, neutrophils have been found to produce a complex extracellular structure called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that capture bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In fish, a few studies on NETs production have been reported, however, the function of fish NETs is unknown. In this study, we examined the ability of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) neutrophils to produce NETs and investigated the effect of turbot NETs on bacterial infection. We found that upon lipopolysaccharides treatment, turbot head kidney neutrophils produced typical NETs structures that contained DNA and histones. Bacteria treatment also induced production of NETs, which in turn entrapped the bacterial cells and inhibited bacterial replication. Furthermore, when introduced into turbot, NETs-trapped bacteria exhibited significantly weakened ability of tissue dissemination and colonization. These results indicate for the first time that teleost NETs possess apparent antibacterial effect both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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15
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Wilkins LGE, Clark ES, Farinelli L, Wedekind C, Fumagalli L. Embryonic gene expression of Coregonus palaea (whitefish) under pathogen stress as analyzed by high-throughput RNA-sequencing. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:130-140. [PMID: 26340848 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Most fishes produce free-living embryos that are exposed to environmental stressors immediately following fertilization, including pathogenic microorganisms. Initial immune protection of embryos involves the chorion, as a protective barrier, and maternally-allocated antimicrobial compounds. At later developmental stages, host-genetic effects influence susceptibility and tolerance, suggesting a direct interaction between embryo genes and pathogens. So far, only a few host genes could be identified that correlate with embryonic survival under pathogen stress in salmonids. Here, we utilized high-throughput RNA-sequencing in order to describe the transcriptional response of a non-model fish, the Alpine whitefish Coregonus palaea, to infection, both in terms of host genes that are likely manipulated by the pathogen, and those involved in an early putative immune response. Embryos were produced in vitro, raised individually, and exposed at the late-eyed stage to a virulent strain of the opportunistic fish pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens. The pseudomonad increased embryonic mortality and affected gene expression substantially. For example, essential, upregulated metabolic pathways in embryos under pathogen stress included ion binding pathways, aminoacyl-tRNA-biosynthesis, and the production of arginine and proline, most probably mediated by the pathogen for its proliferation. Most prominently downregulated transcripts comprised the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, the citrate cycle, and various isoforms of b-cell transcription factors. These factors have been shown to play a significant role in host blood cell differentiation and renewal. With regard to specific immune functions, differentially expressed transcripts mapped to the complement cascade, MHC class I and II, TNF-alpha, and T-cell differentiation proteins. The results of this study reveal insights into how P. fluorescens impairs the development of whitefish embryos and set a foundation for future studies investigating host pathogen interactions in fish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia G E Wilkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Emily S Clark
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Claus Wedekind
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Fumagalli
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Chen CM, Liu JJ, Chou CW, Lai CH, Wu LT. RpA, an extracellular protease similar to the metalloprotease of serralysin family, is required for pathogenicity of Ralstonia pickettii. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1101-11. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.-M. Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease; Department of Internal Medicine; Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - J.-J. Liu
- The Institute of Medical Science and Department of Microbiology; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - C.-W. Chou
- Department of Cosmeceutics; College of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - C.-H. Lai
- The Institute of Medical Science and Department of Microbiology; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - L.-T. Wu
- The Institute of Medical Science and Department of Microbiology; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
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17
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Liu L, Chi H, Sun L. Pseudomonas fluorescens: identification of Fur-regulated proteins and evaluation of their contribution to pathogenesis. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2015; 115:67-80. [PMID: 26119301 DOI: 10.3354/dao02874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens is a Gram-negative bacterium and a common pathogen to a wide range of farmed fish. In a previous study, we found that the ferric uptake regulator gene (fur) is essential to the infectivity of a pathogenic fish isolate of P. fluorescens (wild-type strain TSS). In the present work, we conducted comparative proteomic analysis to examine the global protein profiles of TSS and the P. fluorescens fur knockout mutant TFM. Twenty-eight differentially produced proteins were identified, which belong to different functional categories. Four of these proteins, viz. TssP (a type VI secretion protein), PspA (a serine protease), OprF (an outer membrane porin), and ClpP (the proteolytic subunit of an ATP-dependent Clp protease), were assessed for virulence participation in a model of turbot Scophthalmus maximus. The results showed that the oprF and clpP knockouts exhibited significantly reduced capacities in (1) resistance against the bactericidal effect of host serum, (2) dissemination into and colonization of host tissues, and (3) inducing host mortality. In contrast, mutation of tssP and pspA had no apparent effect on the pathogenicity of TSS. Purified recombinant OprF, when used as a subunit vaccine, induced production of specific serum antibodies in immunized fish and elicited significant protection against lethal TSS challenge. Antibody blocking of the OprF in TSS significantly impaired the ability of the bacteria to invade host tissues. Taken together, these results indicate for the first time that in pathogenic P. fluorescens, Fur regulates the expression of diverse proteins, some of which are required for optimal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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18
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Ertan H, Cassel C, Verma A, Poljak A, Charlton T, Aldrich-Wright J, Omar SM, Siddiqui KS, Cavicchioli R. A new broad specificity alkaline metalloprotease from a Pseudomonas sp. isolated from refrigerated milk: Role of calcium in improving enzyme productivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Zhang SR, Zhang L, Sun L. Identification and analysis of three virulence-associated TonB-dependent outer membrane receptors of Pseudomonas fluorescens. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 110:181-191. [PMID: 25114042 DOI: 10.3354/dao02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens is a Gram-negative bacterium that can infect a wide range of farmed fish. However, very little is known about the virulence mechanism of P. fluorescens as a fish pathogen. In this study, we identified and analyzed 3 TonB-dependent outer membrane receptors (TDRs) from a pathogenic P. fluorescens strain isolated from fish. In silico analysis revealed that all 3 proteins (named Tdr1 to 3) possess structural domains typical of TDRs. Quantitative real time RT-PCR analysis showed that tdr1, tdr2, and tdr3 expressions were upregulated under iron-depleted conditions. Compared to the wild type, mutants defective in tdr1, tdr2, and tdr3 were retarded in growth to different extents. Infection in a turbot Scophthalmus maximus model showed that all 3 mutants were impaired in their ability to desseminate into and colonize host tissues. In addition, the tdr1 and tdr3 mutants exhibited significantly reduced virulence. When used as subunit vaccines, purified recombinant proteins of Tdr1, Tdr2, and, in particular, Tdr3 elicited significant protection in turbot against lethal P. fluorescens challenge. The vaccinated fish produced specific serum antibodies, which, when incubated with P. fluorescens, blocked infection of P. fluorescens in fish cells. Together these results indicate that Tdr1, Tdr2, and Tdr3 are iron-regulated factors that participate in bacterial virulence and induce protective immunity as subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-ren Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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20
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Shah SQA, Sørum H. Genetic localization of a TetR-like transcriptional regulator gene in Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from farmed fish. J Appl Genet 2014; 55:541-4. [PMID: 24871198 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from Tanzanian tilapia ponds were found to possess a gene encoding a TetR-like transcriptional regulator protein. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close similarity to five previously reported GeneBank sequences which cluster separately from the other 70 members of this family. It is assumed that this TetR-like protein belongs to a new family of TetR-like proteins that has no direct link to the class 1 integron.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Q A Shah
- School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway,
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21
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Zhang JT, Zhou SM, An SW, Chen L, Wang GL. Visceral granulomas in farmed large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea (Richardson), caused by a bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2014; 37:113-121. [PMID: 25254273 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An enzootic disease characterized by granulomas in internal organs occurred in cage-farmed large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea (Richardson), in April and November 2010, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. One bacterial strain, named XSDHY-P, was isolated from the diseased fish and identified by biochemical characterization, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). According to the results obtained from the biochemical tests, FAME analysis and phylogenetic analysis derived from 16S ribosomal RNA, gyrB, oprF, oprI, oprL and rpoD gene sequencing, the bacterial isolate, XSDHY-P, was identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. Moreover, lethal dose, 50% trials were carried out to demonstrate the virulence of XSDHY-P in large yellow croaker when administered at 2.13 9 105 colony-forming units per fish. Visceral granulomas were found in the experimentally infected fish as well as in the naturally infected fish, indicating that P. plecoglossicida is another bacterial pathogen that causes granulomatosis in L. crocea.
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22
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Clark ES, Pompini M, Marques da Cunha L, Wedekind C. Maternal and paternal contributions to pathogen resistance dependent on development stage in a whitefish (
S
almonidae). Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Clark
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Biophore University of Lausanne Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Manuel Pompini
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Biophore University of Lausanne Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Lucas Marques da Cunha
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Biophore University of Lausanne Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Claus Wedekind
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Biophore University of Lausanne Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
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23
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Bharti V, Vasudeva N, Dhuhan JS. Combination Studies of Oreganum Vulgare Extract Fractions and Volatile Oil along with Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole against Common Fish Pathogens. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:239-46. [PMID: 24312842 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study is aimed at finding new antibiotic therapy for aquaculture due to potential of bacteria to develop resistance to the existing therapies. Use of large quantities of synthetic antibiotics in aquaculture thus has the potential to be detrimental to fish health, to the environment and wildlife and to human health. METHODS Antimicrobial potential of volatile oil and fractions of chloroform extract of Oreganum vulgare was evaluated alone and in the presence of standard antimicrobials against common fish pathogens by disc-diffusion, agar well assay and two fold microdilution method by nanodrop spectrophotometric method. RESULTS The best results were represented by volatile oil followed by phenolic fraction by disc-diffusion, agar well and microdilution assays (Minimum inhibitory concentration). By the interaction studies, it was observed that the volatile oil and phenolic fraction were able to inhibit the pathogens at very low concentration compared to standard drugs. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was calculated and volatile oil and phenolic fractions were found to be synergistic against Pseudomonas fluorescens and Candida albicans. CONCLUSION The experimental data suggests the use of volatile oil and phenolic fraction in combination with standard antimicrobials to maintain healthy aquaculture with lesser adverse effects as compared to synthetic antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veni Bharti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwer University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
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24
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Clark ES, Wilkins LGE, Wedekind C. MHC class I expression dependent on bacterial infection and parental factors in whitefish embryos (Salmonidae). Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5256-69. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Clark
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Biophore 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laetitia G. E. Wilkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Biophore 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Claus Wedekind
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Biophore 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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25
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Jacks A, Toikkanen S, Pihlajasaari A, Johansson T, Hakkinen M, Hemminki K, Hokkanen P, Käpyaho A, Kärnä A, Valkola K, Niskanen T, Takkinen J, Kuusi M, Rimhanen-Finne R. Raw grated beetroot linked to several outbreaks of sudden-onset gastrointestinal illness, Finland 2010. Epidemiol Infect 2013; 141:1640-6. [PMID: 23068603 PMCID: PMC9151620 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812002233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2010, 7/44 (16%) reported foodborne outbreaks in Finland were linked with raw beetroot consumption. We reviewed data from the national outbreak registry in order to hypothesize the aetiology of illness and to prevent further outbreaks. In the seven outbreaks, 124 cases among 623 respondents were identified. Consumption of raw beetroot was strongly associated with gastrointestinal illness (relative risk 8∙99, 95% confidence interval 6∙06-13∙35). The illness was characterized by sudden onset of gastrointestinal symptoms; the median incubation time was 40 min and duration of illness 5 h. No common foodborne pathogens or toxins were found in either clinical or beetroot samples, but all tested beetroot samples were of poor quality according to total bacterial counts. Beta-haemolytic Pseudomonas fluorescens was detected in several beetroot samples but its effect on human health is unknown. No outbreaks were reported after the Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira advised against serving raw beetroot in institutional canteens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jacks
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Parental influences on pathogen resistance in brown trout embryos and effects of outcrossing within a river network. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57832. [PMID: 23451273 PMCID: PMC3579773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity can increase tolerance to heterogeneous environments but the elevations and slopes of reaction norms are often population specific. Disruption of locally adapted reaction norms through outcrossing can lower individual viability. Here, we sampled five genetically distinct populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from within a river network, crossed them in a full-factorial design, and challenged the embryos with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens. By virtue of our design, we were able to disentangle effects of genetic crossing distance from sire and dam effects on early life-history traits. While pathogen infection did not increase mortality, it was associated with delayed hatching of smaller larvae with reduced yolk sac reserves. We found no evidence of a relationship between genetic distance (W, FST) and the expression of early-life history traits. Moreover, hybrids did not differ in phenotypic means or reaction norms in comparison to offspring from within-population crosses. Heritable variation in early life-history traits was found to remain stable across the control and pathogen environments. Our findings show that outcrossing within a rather narrow geographical scale can have neutral effects on F1 hybrid viability at the embryonic stage, i.e. at a stage when environmental and genetic effects on phenotypes are usually large.
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27
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Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas sp. strain capable of degrading diethylstilbestrol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:4095-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Lipase and protease double-deletion mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens suitable for extracellular protein production. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:8454-62. [PMID: 23042178 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02476-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens, a widespread Gram-negative bacterium, is an ideal protein manufacturing factory (PMF) because of its safety, robust growth, and high protein production. P. fluorescens possesses a type I secretion system (T1SS), which mediates secretion of a thermostable lipase (TliA) and a protease (PrtA) through its ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Recombinant proteins in P. fluorescens are attached to the C-terminal signal region of TliA for transport as fusion proteins to the extracellular medium. However, intrinsic TliA from the P. fluorescens genome interferes with detection of the recombinant protein and the secreted recombinant protein is hydrolyzed, due to intrinsic PrtA, resulting in decreased efficiency of the PMF. In this research, the lipase and protease genes of P. fluorescens SIK W1 were deleted using the targeted gene knockout method. Deletion mutant P. fluorescens ΔtliA ΔprtA secreted fusion proteins without TliA or protein degradation. Using wild-type P. fluorescens as an expression host, degradation of the recombinant protein varied depending on the type of culture media and aeration; however, degradation did not occur with the P. fluorescens ΔtliA ΔprtA double mutant irrespective of growth conditions. By homologous expression of tliA and the ABC transporter in a plasmid, TliA secreted from P. fluorescens ΔprtA and P. fluorescens ΔtliA ΔprtA cells was found to be intact, whereas that secreted from the wild-type P. fluorescens and P. fluorescens ΔtliA cells was found to be hydrolyzed. Our results demonstrate that the P. fluorescens ΔtliA ΔprtA deletion mutant is a promising T1SS-mediated PMF that enhances production and detection of recombinant proteins in extracellular media.
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29
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Zheng T, Nolan EM. Siderophore-based detection of Fe(iii) and microbial pathogens. Metallomics 2012; 4:866-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas sp. DX7 capable of degrading sulfadoxine. Biodegradation 2011; 23:431-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-011-9522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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31
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Zhang W, Chen L, Liu D. Characterization of a marine-isolated mercury-resistant Pseudomonas putida strain SP1 and its potential application in marine mercury reduction. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1305-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Isolation and characterization of sulfonamide-degrading bacteria Escherichia sp. HS21 and Acinetobacter sp. HS51. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:447-52. [PMID: 22806839 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the intensive application of sulfonamides in aquaculture and animal husbandry and the increase of sulfonamides discharged into the environments, there is an increasing need to find a way to remediate sulfonamide-contaminated environments. Two bacterial strains capable of degrading sulfonamides, HS21 and HS51, were isolated from marine environments. HS21 and HS51 were identified as members of Escherichia sp. and Acinetobacter sp., respectively, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Degradation of each sulfonamide by Escherichia sp. HS21 and Acinetobacter sp. HS51 was characterized using capillary electrophoresis. About 66 or 72% of sulfapyridine and 45 or 67% of sulfathiazole contained in the media was degraded by Escherichia sp. HS21 or Acinetobacter sp. HS51, respectively, after incubation for 2 days. The supernatant from culture of Escherichia sp. HS21 or Acinetobacter sp. HS51 grown in sulfapyridine or sulfathiazole contained media had much attenuated cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. These results suggest that Escherichia sp. HS21 and Acinetobacter sp. HS51 are new bacterial resources for biodegrading sulfonamides and indicate the potential of isolated strains for the bioremediation of sulfonamide-polluted environments.
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Pérez-Pascual D, Gómez E, Álvarez B, Méndez J, Reimundo P, Navais R, Duchaud E, Guijarro JA. Comparative analysis and mutation effects of fpp2-fpp1 tandem genes encoding proteolytic extracellular enzymes of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2011; 157:1196-1204. [PMID: 21292745 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.046938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a very significant fish pathogen that secretes two biochemically characterized extracellular proteolytic enzymes, Fpp1 and Fpp2. The genes encoding these enzymes are organized as an fpp2-fpp1 tandem in the genome of strain F. psychrophilum THC02/90. Analysis of the corresponding encoded proteins showed that they belong to two different protease families. For gene function analysis, new genetic tools were developed in F. psychrophilum by constructing stable isogenic fpp1 and fpp2 mutants via single-crossover homologous recombination. RT-PCR analysis of wild-type and mutant strains suggested that both genes are transcribed as a single mRNA from the promoter located upstream of the fpp2 gene. Phenotypic characterization of the fpp2 mutant showed lack of caseinolytic activity and higher colony spreading compared with the wild-type strain. Both characteristics were recovered in the complemented strain. One objective of this work was to assess the contribution to virulence of these proteolytic enzymes. LD(50) experiments using the wild-type strain and mutants showed no significant differences in virulence in a rainbow trout challenge model, suggesting instead a possible nutritional role. The gene disruption procedure developed in this work, together with the knowledge of the complete genome sequence of F. psychrophilum, open new perspectives for the study of gene function in this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez-Pascual
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Esther Gómez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Álvarez
- Karolinska Institutet, Institutionen för Laboratoriemedicin, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Méndez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar Reimundo
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Roberto Navais
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eric Duchaud
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Equipe Infection et Immunité des Poissons, INRA-Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy en Josas Cédex, France
| | - José A Guijarro
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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34
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Zhang W, Han Q, Liu D, Chen L. Cloning, characterization and molecular analysis of a metalloprotease from Proteus mirabilis. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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