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Costinar L, Badea C, Marcu A, Pascu C, Herman V. Multiple Drug Resistant Streptococcus Strains-An Actual Problem in Pig Farms in Western Romania. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:277. [PMID: 38534712 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococci are a type of bacteria that can cause severe illnesses in humans and animals. Some typical species like S. suis, or atypical species like S. porcinus and, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae, can cause infections like septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis, and septic shock. S. suis is considered a newly emerging zoonotic pathogen. Although human streptococcal infection outbreaks are rare, it is appropriate to review the main streptococcal species isolated in pig farms in western Romania, due to the high degree of antibiotic resistance among most isolates commonly used in human treatment. This study examines the resistance patterns of these isolates over 5 years (2018-2023). The research investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 267 strains of Streptococcus spp. isolated from pigs, primarily from lung and brain tissues. This report is the first to describe the distribution of atypical Streptococcus species (SDSE, S. porcinus, S. hyovaginalis, S. pluranimalium, S. canis) in Romania, as well as the antibiotic resistance profile of these potentially zoonotic species. It is important to re-evaluate and consider the high rates of resistance of S. suis to tetracyclines, lincosamides, macrolides, and aminoglycosides, as well as the high recovery rates of S. suis from the lungs and brain when treating swine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Costinar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I", 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Badea
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I", 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adela Marcu
- Department of Animal Production Engineering, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Recourses, University of Life Science "King Mihai I", 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Corina Pascu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I", 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Viorel Herman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I", 300645 Timisoara, Romania
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Uruén C, Gimeno J, Sanz M, Fraile L, Marín CM, Arenas J. Invasive Streptococcus suis isolated in Spain contain a highly promiscuous and dynamic resistome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1329632. [PMID: 38317790 PMCID: PMC10839070 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1329632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Streptococcus suis is a major pathogen for swine and human. Here we aimed to know the rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in invasive S. suis isolates recovered along Spain between 2016 - 2021 and elucidate their genetic origin. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for 116 isolates of different genetic backgrounds and geographic origins against 18 antibiotics of 9 families. The association between AMR and genotypes and the origin of the isolates were statistically analyzed using Pearson´s chi-square test and the likelihood ratio. The antimicrobial resistant genes were identified by whole genome sequencing analysis and PCR screenings. Results High AMR rates (>80%) were detected for tetracyclines, spectinomycin, lincosamides, and marbofloxacin, medium (20-40%) for sulphonamides/trimethoprim, tiamulin, penicillin G, and enrofloxacin, and low (< 20%) for florfenicol, and four additional β-lactams. The occurrence of multidrug resistance was observed in 90% of isolates. For certain antibiotics (penicillin G, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, tilmicosin, and erythromycin), AMR was significantly associated with particular sequence types (STs), geographic regions, age of pigs, and time course. Whole genome sequencing comparisons and PCR screenings identified 23 AMR genes, of which 19 were previously reported in S. suis (aph(3')-IIIa, sat4, aadE, spw, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, fexA, optrA, erm(B), mef(A/E), mrs(D), mph(C), lnu(B), lsa(E), vga(F), tet(M), tet(O), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(W)), and 4 were novel (aph(2'')-IIIa, apmA, erm(47), tet(T)). These AMR genes explained the AMR to spectinomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, tiamulin, and tetracyclines. Several genes were located on mobile genetic elements which showed a variable organization and composition. As AMR gene homologs were identified in many human and animal pathogens, the resistome of S. suis has a different phylogenetic origin. Moreover, AMR to penicillin G, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim related to mutations in genes coding for target enzymes (pbp1a, pbp2b, pbp2x, mraY, gyrA, parC, and dhfr). Bioinformatic analysis estimated traits of recombination on target genes, also indicative of gene transfer events. Conclusions Our work evidences that S. suis is a major contributor to AMR dissemination across veterinary and human pathogens. Therefore, control of AMR in S. suis should be considered from a One Health approach in regions with high pig production to properly tackle the issue of antimicrobial drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Uruén
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Gimeno
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marina Sanz
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecno, Lleida, Spain
| | - Clara M. Marín
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Production and Health, CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Arenas
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
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Siteavu MI, Drugea RI, Pitoiu E, Ciobotaru-Pirvu E. Antimicrobial Resistance of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, and Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Romanian Swine Farms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2410. [PMID: 37894069 PMCID: PMC10609511 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an important health issue in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to monitor the antimicrobial resistance of three of the most important bacteria involved in porcine respiratory disease. A total of 465 isolates were tested during the 2017-2022 period for antimicrobial susceptibility for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (n = 137), Streptococcus suis (n = 207), and Pasteurella multocida (n = 121) by disk diffusion method. The results were interpreted by CLSI breakpoints, where available. High rates of susceptibility (from 90 to >99%) were observed for cefquinome, ceftiofur, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, penicillin, ampicillin, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. A. pleuropneumoniae isolates showed high resistance to streptomycin (77%), gentamycin (45%), tilmicosin (39%) erythromycin (33%), oxytetracycline (19%), and tetracycline (18%). For S. suis, the highest rates of resistance were observed for streptomycin (98%), tetracycline (75%), oxytetracycline (72%), doxycycline (52%), and erythromycin (51%). P. multocida presented a high rate of resistance for streptomycin (63%), tilmicosin (29%), oxytetracycline (13%), and tetracycline (14%). Bacteria isolates maintained high susceptibility against antimicrobial agents usually used against the mainly respiratory tract pathogens of swine. Resistance for streptomycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and tilmicosin was high for all the tested pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Iulia Siteavu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
- Synevovet Laboratory, Ilfov County, 077040 Chiajna, Romania
| | - Roxana Ionela Drugea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Pitoiu
- Synevovet Laboratory, Ilfov County, 077040 Chiajna, Romania
| | - Emilia Ciobotaru-Pirvu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
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Dechêne-Tempier M, Jouy E, Bayon-Auboyer MH, Bougeard S, Chauvin C, Libante V, Payot S, Marois-Créhan C. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs, wild boars, and humans in France between 1994 and 2020. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0016423. [PMID: 37655935 PMCID: PMC10512786 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00164-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, an emerging zoonotic pathogen, causes invasive infections and substantial economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance against 22 antibiotics was studied for 200 S. suis strains collected in different geographical regions of France. Most of the strains (86%) showed resistance to at least one antibiotic with a low rate of resistance to fluoroquinolones, penicillins, pleuromutilin, and diaminopyrimidine-sulfonamides, and a higher rate to macrolides-lincosamides and tetracycline. Multi-resistance patterns were observed in 138 strains; three of them being resistant to six antibiotic families. Statistical analyses highlighted a decrease in the resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, in our collection, between the two periods studied-before 2010 and after 2015-as well as an impact of the geographical origin with a higher rate of resistance to macrolides-lincosamides and penicillin in Brittany than in the other French regions. Furthermore, macrolides-lincosamides and tetracycline resistance patterns were more likely to be found in pig isolates than in human and wild boar isolates. A difference in resistance was also observed between serotypes. Most of the penicillin-resistant strains belong to serotypes 1, 5, 9, 11, 12, 15, 27, and 29. Finally, penicillin and pleuromutilin resistances were mostly found in "non-clinical" isolates. The empirical treatment of human and porcine infections due to S. suis in France can therefore still be carried out with beta-lactams. However, this study emphasizes the need to monitor antimicrobial resistance in this zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dechêne-Tempier
- ANSES, Mycoplasmology, Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, Nancy, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- ANSES, Mycoplasmology, Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Bougeard
- ANSES, Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Claire Chauvin
- ANSES, Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, Nancy, France
| | - Corinne Marois-Créhan
- ANSES, Mycoplasmology, Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
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Somogyi Z, Mag P, Simon R, Kerek Á, Makrai L, Biksi I, Jerzsele Á. Susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis Isolated from Pigs in Hungary between 2018 and 2021. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1298. [PMID: 37627719 PMCID: PMC10451952 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) has been a major animal health, welfare, and economic problem in Hungary; therefore, great emphasis should be put on both the prevention and control of this complex disease. As antibacterial agents are effective tools for control, antibiotic susceptibility testing is indispensable for the proper implementation of antibacterial therapy and to prevent the spread of resistance. The best method for this is to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the broth microdilution method. In our study, we measured the MIC values of 164 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, 65 Pasteurella multocida, and 118 Streptococcus suis isolates isolated from clinical cases against the following antibacterial agents: amoxicillin, ceftiofur, cefquinome, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, tylosin, tilmicosin, tylvalosin, tulathromycin, lincomycin, tiamulin, florfenicol, colistin, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Outstanding efficacy against A. pleuropneumoniae isolates was observed with ceftiofur (100%) and tulathromycin (100%), while high levels of resistance were observed against cefquinome (92.7%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (90.8%). Ceftiofur (98.4%), enrofloxacin (100%), florfenicol (100%), and tulathromycin (100%) were found to be highly effective against P. multocida isolates, while 100% resistance was detected against the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination. For the S. suis isolates, only ceftiofur (100%) was not found to be resistant, while the highest rate of resistance was observed against the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination (94.3%). An increasing number of studies report multi-resistant strains of all three pathogens, making their monitoring a high priority for animal and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (P.M.); (R.S.); (Á.K.); (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrik Mag
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (P.M.); (R.S.); (Á.K.); (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Simon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (P.M.); (R.S.); (Á.K.); (Á.J.)
| | - Ádám Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (P.M.); (R.S.); (Á.K.); (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Makrai
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Biksi
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary;
- SCG Diagnostics Ltd., HU-2437 Délegyháza, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (P.M.); (R.S.); (Á.K.); (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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de Jong A, Morrissey I, Rose M, Temmerman R, Klein U, Simjee S, El Garch F. Antimicrobial susceptibility among respiratory tract pathogens isolated from diseased cattle and pigs from different parts of Europe. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad132. [PMID: 37391360 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To survey antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria causing cattle and pig respiratory infections in 10 European countries. METHODS AND RESULTS Non-replicate nasopharyngeal/nasal or lung swabs were collected from animals with acute respiratory signs during 2015-2016. Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni from cattle (n = 281), and P. multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Glaesserella parasuis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Streptococcus suis from pigs (n = 593) were isolated. MICs were assessed following CLSI standards and interpreted using veterinary breakpoints where available. Histophilus somni isolates were fully antibiotic susceptible. Bovine P. multocida and M. haemolytica were susceptible to all antibiotics, except tetracycline (11.6%-17.6% resistance). Low macrolide and spectinomycin resistance was observed for P. multocida and M. haemolytica (1.3%-8.8%). Similar susceptibility was observed in pigs, where breakpoints are available. Resistance in P. multocida, A. pleuropneumoniae, and S. suis to ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and florfenicol was absent or <5%. Tetracycline resistance varied from 10.6% to 21.3%, but was 82.4% in S. suis. Overall multidrug-resistance was low. Antibiotic resistance in 2015-2016 remained similar as in 2009-2012. CONCLUSIONS Low antibiotic resistance was observed among respiratory tract pathogens, except for tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anno de Jong
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Markus Rose
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ulrich Klein
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium
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Hatrongjit R, Boueroy P, Jenjaroenpun P, Wongsurawat T, Meekhanon N, Chopjitt P, Zheng H, Fittipaldi N, Chareonsudjai S, Segura M, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Genomic characterization and virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 4 clonal complex 94 recovered from human and swine samples. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288840. [PMID: 37498866 PMCID: PMC10374156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. Herein, we performed genomic analysis of seven S. suis serotype 4 strains belonging to clonal complex (CC) 94 that were recovered from a human patient or from diseased and clinically healthy pigs. Genomic exploration and comparisons, as well as in vitro cytotoxicity tests, indicated that S. suis CC94 serotype 4 strains are potentially virulent. Genomic analysis revealed that all seven strains clustered within minimum core genome group 3 (MCG-3) and had a high number of virulence-associated genes similar to those of virulent serotype 2 strains. Cytotoxicity assays showed that both the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line and HeLa cells rapidly lost viability following incubation for 4 h with the strains at a concentration of 106 bacterial cells. The human serotype 4 strain (ID36054) decreased cell viability profoundly and similarly to the control serotype 2 strain P1/7. In addition, strain ST1689 (ID34572), isolated from a clinically healthy pig, presented similar behaviour in an adenocarcinoma cell line and HeLa cells. The antimicrobial resistance genes tet(O) and ermB that confer resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, and lincosamides were commonly found in the strains. However, aminoglycoside and streptothricin resistance genes were found only in certain strains in this study. Our results indicate that S. suis CC94 serotype 4 strains are potentially pathogenic and virulent and should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of General Sciences, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Department of Research and Development, Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Department of Research and Development, Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattakan Meekhanon
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Han Zheng
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sorujsiri Chareonsudjai
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Mariela Segura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
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Somogyi Z, Mag P, Simon R, Kerek Á, Szabó P, Albert E, Biksi I, Jerzsele Á. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Florfenicol in Plasma and Synovial Fluid of Pigs at a Dose of 30 mg/kg bw Following Intramuscular Administration. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040758. [PMID: 37107120 PMCID: PMC10135420 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A major problem of our time is the ever-increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents in bacterial populations. One of the most effective ways to prevent these problems is to target antibacterial therapies for specific diseases. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effectiveness of florfenicol against S. suis, which can cause severe arthritis and septicemia in swine herds. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of florfenicol in porcine plasma and synovial fluid were determined. After a single intramuscular administration of florfenicol at 30 mg/kgbw, the AUC0-∞ was 164.45 ± 34.18 µg/mL × h and the maximum plasma concentration was 8.15 ± 3.11 µg/mL, which was reached in 1.40 ± 0.66 h, whereas, in the synovial fluid, these values were 64.57 ± 30.37 µg/mL × h, 4.51 ± 1.16 µg/mL and 1.75 ± 1.16 h, respectively. Based on the MIC values of the 73 S. suis isolates tested, the MIC50 and MIC90 values were 2 µg/mL and 8 µg/mL, respectively. We successfully implemented a killing-time curve in pig synovial fluid as a matrix. Based on our findings, the PK/PD breakpoints of the bacteriostatic (E = 0), bactericidal (E = -3) and eradication (E = -4) effects of florfenicol were determined and MIC thresholds were calculated, which are the guiding indicators for the treatment of these diseases. The AUC24h/MIC values for bacteriostatic, bactericidal and eradication effects were 22.22 h, 76.88 h and 141.74 h, respectively, in synovial fluid, and 22.42 h, 86.49 h and 161.76 h, respectively, in plasma. The critical MIC values of florfenicol against S. suis regarding bacteriostatic, bactericidal and eradication effects in pig synovial fluid were 2.91 ± 1.37 µg/mL, 0.84 ± 0.39 µg/mL and 0.46 ± 0.21 µg/mL, respectively. These values provide a basis for further studies on the use of florfenicol. Furthermore, our research highlights the importance of investigating the pharmacokinetic properties of antibacterial agents at the site of infection and the pharmacodynamic properties of these agents against different bacteria in different media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrik Mag
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Simon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Szabó
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Center for Structural Study, MS Metabolomics Laboratory, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ervin Albert
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 2225 Üllő, Hungary
- SCG Diagnostics Ltd., 2437 Délegyháza, Hungary
| | - Imre Biksi
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 2225 Üllő, Hungary
- SCG Diagnostics Ltd., 2437 Délegyháza, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
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Hatrongjit R, Fittipaldi N, Jenjaroenpun P, Wongsurawat T, Visetnan S, Zheng H, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Genomic comparison of two Streptococcus suis serotype 1 strains recovered from porcine and human disease cases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5380. [PMID: 37009816 PMCID: PMC10068604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. Although S. suis serotype 2 strains are most prevalent worldwide, other serotypes are also occasionally detected. Herein, we investigated the genomes of two S. suis serotype 1 strains belonging to the clonal complex 1, which were recovered from a human patient and an asymptomatic pig, respectively. The genomes differed in pathotype, virulence-associated gene (VAG) profile, minimum core genome (MCG) typing, and antimicrobial resistance gene content. The porcine serotype 1 strain was sequence type (ST) 237 and MCG1, whereas the human serotype 1 strain was ST105 and MCG ungroupable. Both strains were susceptible to several antibiotics consisting of β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and chloramphenicol. Resistance to tetracycline, macrolides, and clindamycin was observed, which was attributed to the genes tet(O) and erm(B). Analysis of 99 VAG revealed Hhly3, NisK, NisR, salK/salR, srtG, virB4, and virD4 were absent in both serotype 1. However, the porcine strain lacked sadP (Streptococcal adhesin P), whereas the human strain harbored sadP1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that human S. suis ST105 strains from Vietnam were genetically the closest to the human serotype 1 strain, whereas porcine S. suis ST11 strains from China and Thailand were genetically the closest to the porcine strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand.
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwattana Visetnan
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand.
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10
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P. R, Saif Ali M, Ghosh S, Babu Tatina M. Total Synthesis of
Streptococcus suis
Serotype 8 Capsular Polysaccharide Repeating Unit. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh P.
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 202002 Ghaziabad India
| | - Mohammad Saif Ali
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
| | - Subhash Ghosh
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 202002 Ghaziabad India
| | - Madhu Babu Tatina
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 202002 Ghaziabad India
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11
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Relationship between Penicillin-Binding Proteins Alterations and β-Lactams Non-Susceptibility of Diseased Pig-Isolated Streptococcus suis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010158. [PMID: 36671359 PMCID: PMC9854507 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing disease in both animals and humans, and the emergence of increasingly resistant bacteria to antimicrobial agents has become a significant challenge globally. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic basis for declining susceptibility to penicillin and other β-lactams among S. suis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and penicillin-binding proteins (PBP1a, PBP2a, PBP2b, and PBP2x) sequence analysis were performed on 225 S. suis isolated from diseased pigs. This study found that a growing trend of isolates displayed reduced susceptibility to β-lactams including penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and cephalosporins. A total of 342 substitutions within the transpeptidase domain of four PBPs were identified, of which 18 substitutions were most statistically associated with reduced β-lactams susceptibility. Almost all the S. suis isolates which exhibited penicillin-non-susceptible phenotype (71.9%) had single nucleotide polymorphisms, leading to alterations of PBP1a (P409T) and PBP2a (T584A and H588Y). The isolates may manifest a higher level of penicillin resistance by additional mutation of M341I in the 339STMK active site motif of PBP2x. The ampicillin-non-susceptible isolates shared the mutations in PBP1a (P409T) and PBP2a (T584A and H588Y) with additional alterations of PBP2b (T625R) and PBP2x (T467S). The substitutions, including PBP1a (M587S/T), PBP2a (M433T), PBP2b (I428L), and PBP2x (Q405E/K/L), appeared to play significant roles in mediating the reduction in amoxicillin/clavulanic acid susceptibility. Among the cephalosporins, specific mutations strongly associated with the decrease in cephalosporins susceptibility were observed for ceftiofur: PBP1a (S477D/G), PBP2a (E549Q and A568S), PBP2b (T625R), and PBP2x (Q453H). It is concluded that there was genetically widespread presence of PBPs substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics.
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12
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Li L, Ren J, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Qi J, Zhao X, Hu M, Liu Y. Development of Two Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Rapid Detection of ermB and mefA Genes in Streptococcus suis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:817-822. [PMID: 36399616 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that poses a serious threat to the pig industry and human health. The massive use of macrolides has led to the emergence of resistance in S. suis, and S. suis is suspected to be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes. The mechanism to macrolide resistance in S. suis is mainly due to ermB and mefA. In this study, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) methods were developed to detect ermB and mefA genes in S. suis through turbidimetry detection. The sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP reactions were determined. All results of LAMP and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were compared to determine whether LAMP method was accurate and reliable. The results showed that all 100 nonstreptococcus clinical isolates tested negative, indicating the high specificity of LAMP assays. The detection limit of LAMP assay was 1 fg per reaction, and 102-104-fold lower than those of conventional PCR methods. Evaluation of the performance of the LAMP assay in S. suis clinical strains revealed a good consistency between LAMP and PCR assays. In conclusion, LAMP assays are specific, sensitive, and rapid methods to detect ermB and mefA in S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- LuLu Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - JinRui Ren
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - YanBo Luo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - XiaoNan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - YuQing Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
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13
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Nedbalcova K, Kucharovicova I, Zouharova M, Matiaskova K, Kralova N, Brychta M, Simek B, Pecha T, Plodkova H, Matiasovic J. Resistance of Streptococcus suis Isolates from the Czech Republic during 2018–2022. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091214. [PMID: 36139993 PMCID: PMC9495191 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A determination of susceptibility/resistance to antimicrobials via serotype was carried out in 506 field isolates of Streptococcus suis, originating from pig farms in the Czech Republic in the period 2018–2022. A very high level of susceptibility of S. suis isolates was found to amoxicillin, in combination with clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole potentiated with trimethoprim. None of the tested isolates were resistant to these antimicrobial substances. Only two isolates were found to be intermediately resistant to enrofloxacin in 2020. With regard to ceftiofur, one isolate was intermediately resistant in 2020 and 2022, and two isolates were intermediately resistant in 2018 and 2021. A low level of resistance was detected to ampicillin (0.6% in 2021) and to florfenicol (1.15% in 2019; 1.3% in 2022). With regard to penicillin, a medium level of resistance was detected in 2018 (10.6%), but a low level of resistance was found in the following years (7.0% in 2019; 3.1% in 2020; 3.3% in 2021; 3.9% in 2022). On the contrary, a high or very high level of resistance was found to tetracycline (66.0% in 2018; 65.1% in 2019; 44.35% in 2020; 46.4% in 2021; 54.0% in 2022). Using molecular and serological methods, serotype 7 (16.4%) was determined to be predominant among S. suis isolates, followed by serotypes 1/2, 2, 9, 4, 3, 1, 29, 16, and 31 (10.7%; 8.5%; 5.7%; 5.5%; 4.5%; 4.3%; 3.6%; 3.4%; 3.4%, respectively). Other serotypes were identified among the investigated strains either rarely (up to 10 cases) or not at all. A relatively high percentage of isolates were detected as non-typeable (79 isolates; 15.6%). Dependence of resistance upon serotype assignment could not be proven in all but serotype 31, wherein all isolates (n = 17) were resistant or intermediately resistant to clindamycin, tilmycosin, tulathromycin, and tetracycline. The resistance to clindamycin and tetracycline may be related to the high consumption of these antibiotics on pig farms at present or in previous years. Macrolides (tilmicosin and tulathromycin) and tiamulin are not suitable for the treatment of streptococcal infections, but are used on pig farms to treat respiratory infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, so they were included in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Nedbalcova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Monika Zouharova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Natalie Kralova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Brychta
- State Veterinary Institute, Rantirovska 93, 586 05 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Bronislav Simek
- State Veterinary Institute, Rantirovska 93, 586 05 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Pecha
- State Veterinary Institute, Rantirovska 93, 586 05 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Plodkova
- State Veterinary Institute, Rantirovska 93, 586 05 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Matiasovic
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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Singh RK, Sianturi J, Seeberger PH. Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Resembling the Streptococcus suis Serotype 18 Capsular Polysaccharide as a Basis for Glycoconjugate Vaccine Development. Org Lett 2022; 24:2371-2375. [PMID: 35311265 PMCID: PMC8981331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Here we report the
first total synthesis of several oligosaccharides
resembling the capsular polysaccharide of swine pathogen S.
suis serotype 18 repeating unit [→3)-d-GalNAc(α1-3)[d-Glc(β1-2)]-d-GalA4OAc(β1-3)-d-GalNAc(α1-3)-d-BacNAc4NAc(α1→]n. Access to the pentasaccharide repeating unit antigen
proved to be very challenging due to the poor reactivity in the context
of the trisaccharide. The challenge was overcome by the creation of
a galacturonic acid in a late stage of the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Kumar Singh
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julinton Sianturi
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Estrada AA, Gottschalk M, Gebhart CJ, Marthaler DG. Comparative analysis of Streptococcus suis genomes identifies novel candidate virulence-associated genes in North American isolates. Vet Res 2022; 53:23. [PMID: 35303917 PMCID: PMC8932342 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a significant economic and welfare concern in the swine industry. Pan-genome analysis provides an in-silico approach for the discovery of genes involved in pathogenesis in bacterial pathogens. In this study, we performed pan-genome analysis of 208 S. suis isolates classified into the pathogenic, possibly opportunistic, and commensal pathotypes to identify novel candidate virulence-associated genes (VAGs) of S. suis. Using chi-square tests and LASSO regression models, three accessory pan-genes corresponding to S. suis strain P1/7 markers SSU_RS09525, SSU_RS09155, and SSU_RS03100 (>95% identity) were identified as having a significant association with the pathogenic pathotype. The proposed novel SSU_RS09525 + /SSU_RS09155 + /SSU_RS03100 + genotype identified 96% of the pathogenic pathotype strains, suggesting a novel genotyping scheme for predicting the pathogenicity of S. suis isolates in North America. In addition, mobile genetic elements carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and VAGs were identified but did not appear to play a major role in the spread of ARGs and VAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- April A Estrada
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Connie J Gebhart
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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16
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Ramírez C, Gutiérrez MS, Venegas L, Sapag C, Araya C, Caruffo M, López P, Reyes-Jara A, Toro M, González-Rocha G, Yáñez JM, Navarrete P. Microbiota composition and susceptibility to florfenicol and oxytetracycline of bacterial isolates from mussels (Mytilus spp.) reared on different years and distance from salmon farms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112068. [PMID: 34547250 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chilean aquaculture mainly produces salmonids and molluscs. Salmonid production has been questioned by its excessive use of antimicrobials. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial microbiota composition of Mytilus spp. cultivated near salmonid farms and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to florfenicol and oxytetracycline of its culturable bacteria. Seven Mytilus farming sites classified according to their proximity to salmon farms as close (CSF) or distant (DSF) were sampled in two years. We analyzed Mytilus microbiota composition through culture-independent methods, and isolated culturable bacteria, and identified those isolates with MIC values ≥ 64 μg mL-1 to florfenicol or oxytetracycline. Results revealed that the alpha diversity was affected by sampling year but not by Mytilus farming site location or its interaction. Nevertheless, in 2018, we observed a significant negative correlation between the alpha diversity of Mytilus microbiota in each farm sites and the tonnes of florfenicol reported for each phytosanitary management area. We detected significant differences in beta diversity and relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa in Mytilus microbiota depending on the proximity to salmon farms and years. A higher proportion of isolates with MIC values ≥ 64 μg mL-1 to both antibiotics was detected in 2019 compared to 2018, but not significant differences were detected according to Mytilus farming site location. However, in 2019, isolates from CSF sites showed higher MIC values for both antibiotics than those from DSF. Bacterial genera corresponding to isolates with MIC values ≥ 64 μg mL-1 represented a low proportion of Mytilus microbiota identified with the culture-independent approach, reflecting the need to implement new methodologies in the study of antimicrobial resistance. These results suggest that the proximity to salmonid farms and sampling year influence the Mytilus microbiota and MIC values of their bacterial isolates; however, other environmental variables should be considered in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Soledad Gutiérrez
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Chile
| | - Lucas Venegas
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile
| | | | - Carolina Araya
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Caruffo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile
| | - Paulina López
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile
| | - Angélica Reyes-Jara
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile
| | - Magaly Toro
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile
| | - Gerardo González-Rocha
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos (LIAA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - José Manuel Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Chile.
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17
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van Harten RM, Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven JL, de Greeff A, Balhuizen MD, van Dijk A, Veldhuizen EJ, Haagsman HP, Scheenstra MR. d-enantiomers of CATH-2 enhance the response of macrophages against Streptococcus suis serotype 2. J Adv Res 2022; 36:101-112. [PMID: 35127168 PMCID: PMC8799869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
D-CATH-2 has strong antimicrobial activities towards multiple S.suis strains. D-CATH-2 ameliorates macrophage function. DCATH-2 binds LTA. DCATH-2 has prophylactic effect against S. suis infection in vivo.
Introduction Due to the increase of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains, there is an urgent need for development of alternatives to antibiotics. Cathelicidins can be such an alternative to antibiotics having both a direct antimicrobial capacity as well as an immunomodulatory function. Previously, the full d-enantiomer of chicken cathelicidin-2 (d-CATH-2) has shown to prophylactically protect chickens against infection 7 days post hatch when administered in ovo three days before hatch. Objectives To further evaluate d-CATH-2 in mammals as a candidate for an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, the prophylactic capacity of d-CATH-2 and two truncated derivatives, d-C(1–21) and d-C(4–21), was determined in mammalian cells. Methods Antibacterial assays; immune cell differentiation and modulation; cytotoxicity, isothermal titration calorimetry; in vivo prophylactic capacity of peptides in an S. suis infection model. Results d-CATH-2 and its derivatives were shown to have a strong direct antibacterial capacity against four different S. suis serotype 2 strains (P1/7, S735, D282, and OV625) in bacterial medium and even stronger in cell culture medium. In addition, d-CATH-2 and its derivatives ameliorated the efficiency of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and skewed mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) towards cells with a more macrophage-like phenotype. The peptides directly bind lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and inhibit LTA-induced activation of macrophages. In addition, S. suis killed by the peptide was unable to further activate mouse macrophages, which indicates that S. suis was eliminated by the previously reported silent killing mechanism. Administration of d-C(1–21) at 24 h or 7 days before infection resulted in a small prophylactic protection with reduced disease severity and reduced mortality of the treated mice. Conclusion d-enantiomers of CATH-2 show promise as anti-infectives against pathogenic S. suis for application in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel M. van Harten
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Astrid de Greeff
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie D. Balhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin J.A. Veldhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike R. Scheenstra
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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18
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Kerdsin A, Hatrongjit R, Wongsurawat T, Jenjaroenpun P, Chopjitt P, Boueroy P, Fittipaldi N, Zheng H, Gottschalk M. Genomic Characterization of Streptococcus suis Serotype 24 Clonal Complex 221/234 From Human Patients. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:812436. [PMID: 35003043 PMCID: PMC8733411 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.812436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. Although S. suis serotype 2 is prevalent among patient and swine infections, other serotypes are occasionally detected in humans. Of these, serotype 24 clonal complex (CC) 221/234 are recognized as emerging clones of human infection. Genomic exploration of three S. suis serotype 24 CC221/234 strains revealed antimicrobial resistance genes, pathotyping, virulence-associated gene (VAG) profiles, minimum core genome (MCG) typing, and comparison of the genomes. Based on these analyzes, all three serotype 24 strains were MCG7-3 and should be classified in the intermediate/weakly virulent (I/WV) group. All selected serotype 24 strains were susceptible to several antibiotics including β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, and chloramphenicol. Resistance to tetracycline, macrolide, and clindamycin was observed and attributed to the genes tet(O) and erm(B). Genomic comparison revealed the strains S12X, LSS66, LS0L, LS0E, 92–4,172, and IMT40201 that had phylogenetic affinity with serotype 24 CC221/234. Analysis of 80 virulence-associated genes (VAG) showed that all three serotype 24 strains lacked 24 genes consisting of adhesin P, epf, hyl, ihk, irr, mrp, nadR, neuB, NisK/R, ofs, permease (SSU0835), rgg, revS, salK/R, sao, sly, spyM3_0908, srtBCD, srtF, srtG, SSU05_0473, virA, virB4, and virD4. Eleven specific sequences were identified in the 3 serotype 24 genomes that differed from the genomes of the representative strains of epidemic (E; SC84), highly virulent (HV; P1/7), I/WV (89–1,591), and avirulent (T15 and 05HAS68).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Somogyi Z, Mag P, Kovács D, Kerek Á, Szabó P, Makrai L, Jerzsele Á. Synovial and Systemic Pharmacokinetics of Florfenicol and PK/PD Integration against Streptococcus suis in Pigs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010109. [PMID: 35057005 PMCID: PMC8778523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol is a member of the phenicol group, a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. It has been used for a long time in veterinary medicine, but there are some factors regarding its pharmacokinetic characteristics that have yet to be elucidated. The aim of our study was to describe the pharmacokinetic profile of florfenicol in synovial fluid and plasma of swine after intramuscular (i.m.) administration. In addition, the dosage regimen of treatment of arthritis caused by S. suis was computed for florfenicol using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices. As the first part of our investigation, the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of florfenicol were determined in the plasma and synovial fluid of six pigs. Following drug administration (15 mg/kgbw, intramuscularly), blood was drawn at the following times: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h; synovial fluid samples were taken after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The concentration of florfenicol was determined by a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. As the second part of our research, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of florfenicol were determined in 45 S. suis strains isolated from clinical samples collected in Hungary. Furthermore, a strain of S. suis serotype 2 (SS3) was selected, and killing-time curves of different florfenicol concentrations (0.5 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL) were determined against this strain. Peak concentration of the florfenicol was 3.58 ± 1.51 µg/mL in plasma after 1.64 ± 1.74 h, while it was 2.73 ± 1.2 µg/mL in synovial fluid 3.4 ± 1.67 h after administration. The half-life in plasma was found to be 17.24 ± 9.35 h, while in synovial fluid it was 21.01 ± 13.19 h. The area under the curve (AUC24h) value was 54.66 ± 23.34 μg/mL·h for 24 h in plasma and 31.24 ± 6.82 μg/mL·h for 24 h in synovial fluid. The drug clearance scaled by bioavailability (Cl/F) in plasma and synovial fluid was 0.19 ± 0.08 L/h/kg and 0.29 ± 0.08 L/h/kg, respectively. The mean residence time (MRT) in plasma and synovial fluid was 24.0 ± 13.59 h and 27.39 ± 17.16 h, respectively. The steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) in plasma was calculated from Cl/F of 0.19 ± 0.08 L/h/kg, multiplied by MRT of 24.0 ± 13.59 h. For the PK/PD integration, average plasma and synovial fluid concentration of florfenicol was used in a steady-state condition. The obtained MIC50 value of the strains was 2.0 µg/mL, and MIC90 proved to be 16.0 µg/mL. PK/PD integration was performed considering AUC24h/MIC breakpoints that have already been described. This study is the first presentation of the pharmacokinetic behavior of florfenicol in swine synovia as well as a recommendation of extrapolated critical MICs of S. suis for therapeutic success in the treatment of S. suis arthritis in swine, but it should be noted that this requires a different dosage regimen to that used in authorized florfenicol formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Patrik Mag
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Dóra Kovács
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Ádám Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Pál Szabó
- MS Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Structural Study, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hungária krt. 23-25, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-30-360-4191
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20
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van Harten RM, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP, Scheenstra MR. The cathelicidin CATH-2 efficiently neutralizes LPS- and E. coli-induced activation of porcine bone marrow derived macrophages. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 244:110369. [PMID: 34954638 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases in pigs cause monetary loss to farmers and pose a zoonotic risk. Therefore, it is important to obtain more porcine specific immunological knowledge as a measure to protect against infectious diseases, for example by exploring immunomodulators that are usable as vaccine adjuvants. Cathelicidins are a class of host defence peptides (HDPs) able to directly kill microbes as well as exert a diverse range of effects on the immune system. The peptides have shown promise as immunomodulatory peptides in many applications, including vaccines. However, it is currently unknown what the precise effect of these peptides is on porcine immune cells and whether peptides of other species might also have a strong immunomodulatory effect on porcine macrophages. Mononuclear bone marrow cells of pigs, aged 5-6 months, were cultured into M1 or M2 macrophages and stimulated with LPS or whole bacteria in the presence of host defence peptides (HDPs). CATH-2 and LL-37 strongly inhibited LPS-induced activation of M1 macrophages, the inhibition of LPS-induced activation of M2 macrophages by HDPs was milder, showing that the peptides have selective effects on different cell types. Upon stimulation with whole bacteria, only CATH-2 could effectively inhibit macrophage activation, showing the potent anti-inflammatory potential of this peptide. These results show that porcine peptides are not necessarily the most active in a porcine system, and that CATH-2 is effective in a porcine system as an anti-inflammatory immune modulator, which can be used, for example, in inactivated pathogen vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel M van Harten
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Division of Immunology, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike R Scheenstra
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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21
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Michelon W, da Silva MLB, Matthiensen A, Silva E, Pilau EJ, de Oliveira Nunes E, Soares HM. Microalgae produced during phycoremediation of swine wastewater contains effective bacteriostatic compounds against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131268. [PMID: 34182646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the antimicrobial effects of microalgae extracts are commonly reported using algae biomass grown in sterile synthetic mineral medium and controlled laboratory conditions. However, variations in environmental conditions and culture medium composition are known to alter microalgae biochemical structure possibly affecting the type and concentrations of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. In this work, solvent extracts of the microalgae Chlorella spp. were tested for antimicrobial effects against gram-positive and multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus hyicus, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus suis. Microalgae was cultivated at field scale open pond reactor using raw swine wastewater as growth substrate. Dichloromethane or methanol were used to obtain the microalgae extracts. Characterization of the extracts by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 23 phytochemicals with recognized antimicrobial properties. Bacteriostatic activity was observed in plating assays by formation of inhibition zones ranging from 7 to 18 mm in diameter. Only dichloromethane extracts were inhibitory to all three model bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration assessed for dichloromethane extracts were 0.5 mg mL-1 for Staphylococcus hyicus and Enterococcus faecalis and 0.2 mg mL-1 for Streptococcus suis. Bactericidal effects were not observed using solvent-extracts at 2 or 5 mg L-1. To the best of authors knowledge, this is the first report on the antimicrobial effects of Chlorella spp. extracts against Staphylococcus hyicus and Streptococcus suis. Overall, Chlorella spp. grown on swine wastewater contains several phytochemicals that could be further explored for the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Michelon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-700, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Evandro Silva
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil.
| | | | - Hugo Moreira Soares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-700, Brazil.
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22
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Streptococcus suis Isolates-Serotypes and Susceptibility to Antimicrobials in Terms of Their Use on Selected Repopulated Czech Pig Farms. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101314. [PMID: 34684263 PMCID: PMC8539382 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis represents a primary health problem (such as meningitis, septicemia and arthritis in piglets and fatteners) in the swine industry worldwide and also an emerging zoonotic pathogen. In the Czech Republic, many pig farms repopulated their herds over the past decades to reduce morbidity and minimize treatment. The study analysed serotypes, sequence types and antimicrobial susceptibility in 39 S. suis isolates obtained from organs of diseased pigs from selected 16 repopulated farms with a history of S. suis-associated diseases and routine antimicrobial treatment with tulathromycin and/or amoxicillin. The analysis revealed diversity of collected isolates with regular occurrence of more than three serotypes per farm. The serotypes identified were 1/2 and 7, each in six isolates, followed by serotype 2 and 3 found in five isolates each, other serotypes were less frequent. Seven isolates were not typable by multiplex PCR and we also found sequence type of unknown type in thirteen isolates. The majority of S. suis isolates were resistant to clindamycin (n = 31), tetracycline (n = 29) and tilmicosin and tulathromycin (n = 28). On the other hand, with the exception of two isolates that were intermediately susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin, all isolates were susceptible to all three tested subgroups of beta-lactam antibiotics.
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23
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Bamphensin N, Chopjitt P, Hatrongjit R, Boueroy P, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Non-Penicillin-Susceptible Streptococcus suis Isolated from Humans. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091178. [PMID: 34578210 PMCID: PMC8471365 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. In this study, 448 S. suis isolates recovered from human infections in Thailand were characterized with regard to their antimicrobial susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance genes, including, for non-penicillin-susceptible isolates, sequence analyses of five genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins (pbp1a, pbp1b, pbp2a, pbp2b, and pbp2x). All 448 isolates were susceptible to cefepime and ceftriaxone, whereas 99.6%, 91.7%, and 72.9% of the isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, penicillin, and chloramphenicol, respectively. Almost all isolates were resistant to tetracycline (98.2%), clindamycin (94%), erythromycin (92.4%), and azithromycin (82.6%). Genes tet(O) and ermB were the predominant resistance genes detected among macrolide- and tetracycline-resistant isolates. A total of 37 out of 448 isolates (8.2%) showed intermediately resistance to penicillin. Most of these isolates (59.5%) belonged to serotype 2-ST233. Comparison of the predicted translated sequences of five PBP proteins of a penicillin-susceptible isolate (strain P1/7) to the respective PBP sequences of ten non-penicillin-susceptible isolates revealed multiple amino acid substitutions. Isolates of CC221/234 showed highly variable amino acid substitutions in all PBP proteins. An ST104 isolate had a higher number of amino acid substitutions in PBP2X. Isolates belonging to CC233/379 had numerous substitutions in PBP2B and PBP2X. ST25 isolates exhibited fewer amino acid substitutions than isolates of other STs in all five PBPs. The antimicrobial resistance of S. suis is increasing worldwide; therefore, restrictions on antimicrobial use, continuous control, and the surveillance of this bacterium throughout the pork supply chain are crucial for ensuring public health and must be a priority concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichari Bamphensin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.B.); (P.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.B.); (P.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.B.); (P.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.B.); (P.C.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-42-725-025
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24
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Hadjirin NF, Miller EL, Murray GGR, Yen PLK, Phuc HD, Wileman TM, Hernandez-Garcia J, Williamson SM, Parkhill J, Maskell DJ, Zhou R, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M, Tucker AW(D, Hoa NT, Welch JJ, Weinert LA. Large-scale genomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance in the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis. BMC Biol 2021; 19:191. [PMID: 34493269 PMCID: PMC8422772 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the gravest threats to human health and food security worldwide. The use of antimicrobials in livestock production can lead to emergence of AMR, which can have direct effects on humans through spread of zoonotic disease. Pigs pose a particular risk as they are a source of zoonotic diseases and receive more antimicrobials than most other livestock. Here we use a large-scale genomic approach to characterise AMR in Streptococcus suis, a commensal found in most pigs, but which can also cause serious disease in both pigs and humans. RESULTS We obtained replicated measures of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for 16 antibiotics, across a panel of 678 isolates, from the major pig-producing regions of the world. For several drugs, there was no natural separation into 'resistant' and 'susceptible', highlighting the need to treat MIC as a quantitative trait. We found differences in MICs between countries, consistent with their patterns of antimicrobial usage. AMR levels were high even for drugs not used to treat S. suis, with many multidrug-resistant isolates. Similar levels of resistance were found in pigs and humans from regions associated with zoonotic transmission. We next used whole genome sequences for each isolate to identify 43 candidate resistance determinants, 22 of which were novel in S. suis. The presence of these determinants explained most of the variation in MIC. But there were also interesting complications, including epistatic interactions, where known resistance alleles had no effect in some genetic backgrounds. Beta-lactam resistance involved many core genome variants of small effect, appearing in a characteristic order. CONCLUSIONS We present a large dataset allowing the analysis of the multiple contributing factors to AMR in S. suis. The high levels of AMR in S. suis that we observe are reflected by antibiotic usage patterns but our results confirm the potential for genomic data to aid in the fight against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazreen F. Hadjirin
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric L. Miller
- grid.256868.70000 0001 2215 7365Microbial Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Haverford College, Haverford, USA
| | - Gemma G. R. Murray
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phung L. K. Yen
- grid.412433.30000 0004 0429 6814Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ho D. Phuc
- grid.412433.30000 0004 0429 6814Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thomas M. Wileman
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juan Hernandez-Garcia
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susanna M. Williamson
- grid.13689.350000 0004 0426 1697Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), London, UK
| | - Julian Parkhill
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan J. Maskell
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XChancellery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rui Zhou
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - A. W. ( Dan) Tucker
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- grid.412433.30000 0004 0429 6814Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - John J. Welch
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucy A. Weinert
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Dechêne-Tempier M, Marois-Créhan C, Libante V, Jouy E, Leblond-Bourget N, Payot S. Update on the Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and the Mobile Resistome in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081765. [PMID: 34442843 PMCID: PMC8401462 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing important economic losses in swine production. The most commonly used antibiotics in swine industry are tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and macrolides. Resistance to these antibiotics has already been observed worldwide (reaching high rates for macrolides and tetracyclines) as well as resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, amphenicols, and glycopeptides. Most of the resistance mechanisms are encoded by antibiotic resistance genes, and a large part are carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that can be transferred through horizontal gene transfer. This review provides an update of the resistance genes, their combination in multidrug isolates, and their localization on MGEs in S. suis. It also includes an overview of the contribution of biofilm to antimicrobial resistance in this bacterial species. The identification of resistance genes and study of their localization in S. suis as well as the environmental factors that can modulate their dissemination appear essential in order to decipher the role of this bacterium as a reservoir of antibiotic genes for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dechêne-Tempier
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Corinne Marois-Créhan
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
| | - Virginie Libante
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Eric Jouy
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
| | | | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
- Correspondence:
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Songsungthong W, Prasopporn S, Bohan L, Srimanote P, Leartsakulpanich U, Yongkiettrakul S. A novel bicyclic 2,4-diaminopyrimidine inhibitor of Streptococcus suis dihydrofolate reductase. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10743. [PMID: 33604179 PMCID: PMC7866885 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen of pigs and an emerging zoonotic pathogen. It has become increasingly resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. New drug candidates and knowledge of their targets are needed to combat antibiotic-resistant S. suis. In this study, the open-source Pathogen Box compound library was screened. Thirty hits that effectively inhibited S. suis growth at 10 µM were identified. Among the most potent hits, MMV675968 (a diaminoquinazoline analog) was shown to target S. suis dihydrofolate reductase (SsDHFR) via (1) growth inhibition of an E. coli surrogate whose growth is dependent on exogenously expressed SsDHFR and (2) inhibition of in vitro SsDHFR activity. Thymidine supplement is able to reverse growth inhibition by MMV675968 in both E. coli surrogate and S. suis, indicating that a thymidine-related pathway is a major target of MMV675968. Comparison of MMV675968 with seven DHFR inhibitors representing different core structures revealed that bicyclic 2,4-diaminopyrimidines with long and flexible side chains are highly effective in inhibiting SsDHFR and S. suis growth. MMV675968 and related compounds thus may serve as starting points for developing antibiotics against drug resistant S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warangkhana Songsungthong
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Prasopporn
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Current Address: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Louise Bohan
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Current Address: School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ubolsree Leartsakulpanich
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Yongkiettrakul S, Wongsurawat T, Jenjaroenpun P, Acheampong DA, Srimanote P, Maneerat K, Visessanguan W, Nookaew I. Genome sequences of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus suis strains isolated from human patients and diseased and asymptomatic pigs in Thailand. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 87:104674. [PMID: 33316429 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic bacterial pathogen, has negative economic impacts on both intensive swine production and human health worldwide. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis have been widely used for comprehensive classification and investigation of the genetic basis of several S. suis strains obtained from distinct hosts in different geographic areas, revealing great genetic diversity of this zoonotic pathogen. In this study, whole-genome sequences of antibiotic-resistant S. suis strains isolated from human patients (2 strains), diseased pigs (4 strains), and asymptomatic pigs (3 strains) in Thailand were compared with known genomes of 1186 S. suis strains. Single-nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Thai-isolated S. suis strains have close genetic relatedness to S. suis strains isolated from Canada, China, Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States of America. The genome analysis revealed genes conferring antibiotic resistance (aad(6), ant(6)-Ia, ermB, tet(O), patB, and sat4) and gene clusters (aph(3')-IIIa and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia) associated with aminoglycoside, macrolide, and fluoroquinolone resistance in S. suis in Thailand. This work provides additional resources for future genomic epidemiology investigation of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Daniel A Acheampong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Joint Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Krissana Maneerat
- College of Alternative Medicine, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wonnop Visessanguan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Renzhammer R, Loncaric I, Ladstätter M, Pinior B, Roch FF, Spergser J, Ladinig A, Unterweger C. Detection of Various Streptococcus spp. and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Clinical Specimens from Austrian Swine Stocks. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E893. [PMID: 33322266 PMCID: PMC7764176 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of pathogenic potential, frequency and antimicrobial resistance patterns of porcine Streptococcus (S.) spp. other than S. suis is scarce. Between 2016 and 2020, altogether 553 S. spp. isolates were recovered from clinical specimens taken from Austrian swine stocks and submitted for routine microbiological examination. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing towards eight antimicrobial substances was performed using disk diffusion test. All isolates from skin lesions belonged to the species S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE). S. hyovaginalis was mainly isolated from the upper respiratory tract (15/19) and S. thoraltensis from the genitourinary tract (11/15). The majority of S. suis isolates were resistant to tetracycline (66%), clindamycin (62%) and erythromycin (58%). S. suis isolates from the joints had the highest resistance rates. S. suis and SDSE isolates resistant to tetracycline were more likely to be resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin (p < 0.01). Results show that different species of Streptococcus tend to occur in specific body sites. Nevertheless, a statement whether these species are colonizers or potential pathogens cannot be given so far. High resistance rates of S. suis towards tetracyclines and erythromycin and high recovery rates of S. suis from lung tissue should be considered when treating pigs with respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Renzhammer
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (A.L.); (C.U.)
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (I.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Marisa Ladstätter
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (A.L.); (C.U.)
| | - Beate Pinior
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.P.); (F.-F.R.)
| | - Franz-Ferdinand Roch
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.P.); (F.-F.R.)
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (I.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (A.L.); (C.U.)
| | - Christine Unterweger
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (A.L.); (C.U.)
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Stability, Homogeneity and Carry-Over of Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Flubendazole in Medicated Feed and Drinking Water on 24 Pig Farms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090563. [PMID: 32878274 PMCID: PMC7559249 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of medicines in pig rearing are administered via oral group medication through medicated feed and drinking water. However, relevant on-farm factors affecting the concentration of these drugs in feed and drinking water, such as the homogeneity, stability, and cross-contamination, are largely unknown. To characterize these factors, samples of medicated feed and drinking water were taken on 24 Belgian pig farms during treatment and 2 days thereafter, as well as at different on-farm sampling sites from production to feeding troughs or drinking nipples. The samples contained amoxicillin, doxycycline, florfenicol, or flubendazole. Additionally, a questionnaire was completed. In contrast to the results of medicated feed, results of medicated water showed a large between-farm variation in antimicrobial drug concentration. The therapeutic concentration range was only met in 2 out of 11 farms using medicated feed, and in 3 out of 13 farms using medicated water. Medicated feed concentrations were often below the therapeutic concentration range mentioned in the Summary of Product Characteristics, while drinking water concentrations were just as often above as they were below the advised target concentration range. Drug residues measured 2 days after the end of therapy with both feed and water medication rarely exceeded 1% of the lowest therapeutic concentration. This study demonstrates that recommendations on good clinical practices for oral group medication in the pig industry are highly needed.
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Chen F, Wei MC, Luo YD, Jin Z, Tang YZ. Synergistic Effect of a Pleuromutilin Derivative with Tetracycline against Streptococcus suis In Vitro and in the Neutropenic Thigh Infection Model. Molecules 2020; 25:E3522. [PMID: 32752180 PMCID: PMC7435606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracycline (TET) has been widely used in the treatment of Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infection. However, it was found that the efficacy of many antibiotics in S. suis decreased significantly, especially tetracycline. In this study, GML-12 (a novel pleuromutilin derivative) was used in combination with TET against 12 S. suis isolates. In the checkerboard assay, the TET/GML-12 combination exhibited synergistic and additive effects against S. suis isolates (n = 12). In vitro time-killing assays and in vivo therapeutic experiments were used to confirm the synergistic effect of the TET/GML-12 combination against S. suis strains screened based on an FICI ≤ 0.5. In time-killing assays, the TET/GML-12 combination showed a synergistic effect or an additive effect against three isolates with a bacterial reduction of over 2.4-log10 CFU/mL compared with the most active monotherapy. Additionally, the TET/GML-12 combination displayed potent antimicrobial activity against four isolates in a mouse thigh infection model. These results suggest that the TET/GML-12 combination may be a potential therapeutic strategy for S. suis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (M.-C.W.); (Y.-D.L.)
| | - Meng-Chao Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (M.-C.W.); (Y.-D.L.)
| | - Yi-Dan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (M.-C.W.); (Y.-D.L.)
| | - Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (M.-C.W.); (Y.-D.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (M.-C.W.); (Y.-D.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Werinder A, Aspán A, Backhans A, Sjölund M, Guss B, Jacobson M. Streptococcus suis in Swedish grower pigs: occurrence, serotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Acta Vet Scand 2020; 62:36. [PMID: 32580735 PMCID: PMC7315512 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-00533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis is a major cause of meningitis, arthritis, and pneumonia in pigs worldwide, and an emerging pathogen in humans. In Sweden, S. suis has previously received little attention but has in recent years become increasingly recognized as affecting the pig production. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence, serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. suis in Swedish grower pigs from herds with and without reported S. suis associated disease, as well as possible associations between S. suis associated disease and selected environmental and production factors. Swab samples were taken from the tonsils of clinically healthy 8-13-week-old grower pigs from ten case herds and ten control herds. Isolates were cultured, identified using MALDI-TOF MS, and serotyped using latex agglutination. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 188 isolates was tested using broth microdilution. Production data was gathered and environmental parameters were measured on the farms. RESULTS Streptococcus suis was isolated from 95% of the sampled pigs in both the case and the control herds. Serotypes 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, and 17-34 were detected, although a majority of the isolates (81.5%) were non-typeable. There was less diversity among the serotypes isolated from the case herds than among those from the control herds; four and nine different serotypes, respectively. Isolates resistant to penicillin (3.8%) were reported for the first time in Sweden. Tetracycline resistance was common (88.4%). No association was noted between the production and the environmental factors investigated, and the carriership of S. suis. CONCLUSIONS The carriership of S. suis was found to be higher in clinically healthy Swedish pigs than previously estimated, and for the first time, the presence of Swedish isolates resistant to penicillin was reported. Many of the most commonly disease-associated serotypes, e.g. serotypes 2, 9, 3, and 7, were detected in healthy grower pigs although further studies are needed to investigate the virulence of these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Werinder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Aspán
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annette Backhans
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Sjölund
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Guss
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7036, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Jacobson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Segura M, Aragon V, Brockmeier SL, Gebhart C, de Greeff A, Kerdsin A, O’Dea MA, Okura M, Saléry M, Schultsz C, Valentin-Weigand P, Weinert LA, Wells JM, Gottschalk M. Update on Streptococcus suis Research and Prevention in the Era of Antimicrobial Restriction: 4th International Workshop on S. suis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050374. [PMID: 32422856 PMCID: PMC7281350 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a swine pathogen and a zoonotic agent afflicting people in close contact with infected pigs or pork meat. Sporadic cases of human infections have been reported worldwide. In addition, S. suis outbreaks emerged in Asia, making this bacterium a primary health concern in this part of the globe. In pigs, S. suis disease results in decreased performance and increased mortality, which have a significant economic impact on swine production worldwide. Facing the new regulations in preventive use of antimicrobials in livestock and lack of effective vaccines, control of S. suis infections is worrisome. Increasing and sharing of knowledge on this pathogen is of utmost importance. As such, the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the infection, antimicrobial resistance, progress on diagnosis, prevention, and control were among the topics discussed during the 4th International Workshop on Streptococcus suis (held in Montreal, Canada, June 2019). This review gathers together recent findings on this important pathogen from lectures performed by lead researchers from several countries including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Spain, Thailand, The Netherlands, UK, and USA. Finally, policies and recommendations for the manufacture, quality control, and use of inactivated autogenous vaccines are addressed to advance this important field in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Segura
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.G.); Tel.: +1-450-773-8521 (ext. 0080) (M.S.); +1-450-773-8521 (ext. 8374) (M.G.)
| | - Virginia Aragon
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | | | - Connie Gebhart
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Astrid de Greeff
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands;
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Mark A O’Dea
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia;
| | - Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan;
| | - Mariette Saléry
- French Agency for Veterinary Medicinal Products-French Agency for food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (Anses-ANMV), 35302 Fougères, France;
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Department of Global Health-Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development and Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BP Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Lucy A. Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK;
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.G.); Tel.: +1-450-773-8521 (ext. 0080) (M.S.); +1-450-773-8521 (ext. 8374) (M.G.)
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Giang E, Hetman BM, Sargeant JM, Poljak Z, Greer AL. Examining the Effect of Host Recruitment Rates on the Transmission of Streptococcus suis in Nursery Swine Populations. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030174. [PMID: 32121513 PMCID: PMC7157574 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a swine pathogen that is capable of causing severe outbreaks of disease in the nursery. Demographic parameters such as host recruitment rates can have profound effects on the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases and, thus, are critically important in high-turnover populations such as farmed swine. However, knowledge concerning the implications that such parameters have on S. suis disease control remains unknown. A stochastic mathematical model incorporating sub-clinically infected pigs was developed to capture the effects of changes in host recruitment rate on disease incidence. Compared to our base model scenario, our results show that monthly introduction of pigs into the nursery (instead of weekly introduction) reduced cumulative cases of S. suis by up to 59%, while increasing disease-removal rates alone averted up to 64% of cases. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the course of infection in sub-clinically infected pigs was highly influential and generated significant variability in the model outcomes. Our model findings suggest that modifications to host recruitment rates could be leveraged as a tool for S. suis disease control, however improving our understanding of additional factors that influence the risk of transmission would improve the precision of the model estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Giang
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (B.M.H.); (J.M.S.); (Z.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Benjamin M. Hetman
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (B.M.H.); (J.M.S.); (Z.P.)
| | - Jan M. Sargeant
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (B.M.H.); (J.M.S.); (Z.P.)
- Center for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Zvonimir Poljak
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (B.M.H.); (J.M.S.); (Z.P.)
- Center for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amy L. Greer
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (B.M.H.); (J.M.S.); (Z.P.)
- Center for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (A.L.G.)
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Cao M, Han Q, Zhang J, Zhang R, Wang J, Gu W, Kang W, Lian K, Ai L. An untargeted and pseudotargeted metabolomic combination approach to identify differential markers to distinguish live from dead pork meat by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Matajira CEC, Moreno LZ, Poor AP, Gomes VTM, Dalmutt AC, Parra BM, de Oliveira CH, Barbosa MRF, Sato MIZ, Calderaro FF, Moreno AM. Streptococcus suis in Brazil: Genotypic, Virulence, and Resistance Profiling of Strains Isolated from Pigs between 2001 and 2016. Pathogens 2019; 9:pathogens9010031. [PMID: 31905664 PMCID: PMC7168627 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis remains an important challenge for the worldwide swine industry. Considering that Brazil is a major pork producer and exporter, proper monitoring of the pathogen and resistance rates are required. We present here the characterization of Brazilian S. suis strains isolated over a 15 year period by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, capsular, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profiling. Serotype prevalence revealed a predominance of serotype 2/½ followed by 3, 7, 1/14, 6, 8, 18, 28, and 27; the latter had not yet been reported in Brazil. Resistance profiling enabled the differentiation of nine profiles presenting resistance to three and up to eight antimicrobial classes. Even though an association between the most resistant strains and isolation year starting from 2009 was observed, a high frequency of multidrug-resistant strains isolated from 2001 to 2003 was also detected. This suggests that despite the isolation period, S. suis strains already presented high resistance selection pressure. A slight association of serotype 2/½ with some virulence profiles and PFGE pulsotypes was also identified. Nevertheless, no clonal dispersion or persistency of clones over the analyzed years and herds was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E. C. Matajira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Luisa Z. Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Andre P. Poor
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Vasco T. M. Gomes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Andressa C. Dalmutt
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Beatriz M. Parra
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Carolina H. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Mikaela R. F. Barbosa
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (M.R.F.B.); (M.I.Z.S.)
| | - Maria Inês Z. Sato
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (M.R.F.B.); (M.I.Z.S.)
| | | | - Andrea M. Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-011-3091-1377
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Hayer SS, Rovira A, Olsen K, Johnson TJ, Vannucci F, Rendahl A, Perez A, Alvarez J. Prevalence and time trend analysis of antimicrobial resistance in respiratory bacterial pathogens collected from diseased pigs in USA between 2006-2016. Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:135-144. [PMID: 31785428 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Swine respiratory disease complex (SRDC) causes massive economic losses to the swine industry and is a major animal welfare concern. Antimicrobials are mainstay in treatment and control of SRDC. However, there is a lack of data on the prevalence and trends in resistance to antimicrobials in bacterial pathogens associated with SRDC. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and changes in resistance to 13 antimicrobials in swine bacterial pathogens (Streptococcus suis, Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus suis and Haemophilus parasuis) in the U.S.A using data collected at University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory between 2006 and 2016. For antimicrobials for which breakpoints were available, prevalence of resistance remained below 10% except for tetracycline in S. suis and P. multocida isolates, and these prevalence estimates remained consistently low over the years despite statistical significance (p < .05) in trend analysis. For antimicrobial-bacterial combinations without available breakpoints, the odds of isolates being resistant increased by >10% annually for 7 and 1 antimicrobials in H. parasuis and S. suis isolates respectively, and decreased >10% annually for 4 and 1 antimicrobials in A. suis and H. parasuis isolates, respectively, according to the ordinal regression models. Clinical implications of changes in AMR for A. suis and H. parasuis should be interpreted cautiously due to the lack of interpretive criteria and challenges in antimicrobial susceptibility tests in the case of H. parasuis. Future studies should focus on surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and establishment of standardized susceptibility testing methodologies and interpretive criteria for these animal pathogens of critical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivdeep Singh Hayer
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA
| | - Albert Rovira
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA
| | - Karen Olsen
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA
| | - Timothy J Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA
| | - Fabio Vannucci
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA
| | - Aaron Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA
| | - Andres Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA
| | - Julio Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA; VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Ichikawa T, Oshima M, Yamagishi J, Muramatsu C, Asai T. Changes in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes in Streptococcus suis strains isolated from pigs in the Tokai area of Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:9-13. [PMID: 31748445 PMCID: PMC6983656 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis strains isolated from porcine endocarditis and tonsils in the Tokai area of Japan during 2004-2007 and 2014-2016 (n=114) were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution of selected resistance genes. No strains showed resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, meropenem, vancomycin, and levofloxacin. High resistance to tetracycline (80.7%), clindamycin (65.8%), erythromycin (56.1%), and clarithromycin (56.1%) was observed. In chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, there was a trend towards increased resistance between the first (2004-2007) and second (2014-2016) periods. tet(O) and erm(B) genes were the most frequently detected, and tet(M) and mef(A/E) genes were only detected in strains isolated during 2014-2016. These results indicate that chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance, and tet(M) and mef(A/E) genes emerged in S. suis of this area after 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichikawa
- Nagoya City Meat Hygiene Inspection Laboratory, 1-39 Funami-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0027, Japan.,Present address: Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, 2266-132 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-0003, Japan
| | - Masaaki Oshima
- Nagoya City Meat Hygiene Inspection Laboratory, 1-39 Funami-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0027, Japan
| | - Junjiro Yamagishi
- Nagoya City Meat Hygiene Inspection Laboratory, 1-39 Funami-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0027, Japan
| | - Chieko Muramatsu
- Nagoya City Meat Hygiene Inspection Laboratory, 1-39 Funami-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0027, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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38
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Harrison EM, Ba X, Coll F, Blane B, Restif O, Carvell H, Köser CU, Jamrozy D, Reuter S, Lovering A, Gleadall N, Bellis KL, Uhlemann AC, Lowy FD, Massey RC, Grilo IR, Sobral R, Larsen J, Rhod Larsen A, Vingsbo Lundberg C, Parkhill J, Paterson GK, Holden MTG, Peacock SJ, Holmes MA. Genomic identification of cryptic susceptibility to penicillins and β-lactamase inhibitors in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1680-1691. [PMID: 31235959 PMCID: PMC7611363 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens threatens the future of modern medicine. One such resistant pathogen is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is resistant to nearly all β-lactam antibiotics, limiting treatment options. Here, we show that a significant proportion of MRSA isolates from different lineages, including the epidemic USA300 lineage, are susceptible to penicillins when used in combination with β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid. Susceptibility is mediated by a combination of two different mutations in the mecA promoter region that lowers mecA-encoded penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) expression, and in the majority of isolates by either one of two substitutions in PBP2a (E246G or M122I) that increase the affinity of PBP2a for penicillin in the presence of clavulanic acid. Treatment of S. aureus infections in wax moth and mouse models shows that penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor susceptibility can be exploited as an effective therapeutic choice for 'susceptible' MRSA infection. Finally, we show that isolates with the PBP2a E246G substitution have a growth advantage in the presence of penicillin but the absence of clavulanic acid, which suggests that penicillin/β-lactamase susceptibility is an example of collateral sensitivity (resistance to one antibiotic increases sensitivity to another). Our findings suggest that widely available and currently disregarded antibiotics could be effective in a significant proportion of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan M Harrison
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Xiaoliang Ba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesc Coll
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Beth Blane
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivier Restif
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Henry Carvell
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Claudio U Köser
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sandra Reuter
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrew Lovering
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franklin D Lowy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth C Massey
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Inês R Grilo
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Sobral
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jesper Larsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Rhod Larsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Gavin K Paterson
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Sharon J Peacock
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark A Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Application of the Phage Lysin Ply5218 in the Treatment of Streptococcus suis Infection in Piglets. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080715. [PMID: 31387285 PMCID: PMC6723582 DOI: 10.3390/v11080715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a gram-positive bacterium and zoonotic pathogen. Currently it poses a serious problem in the swine industry due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, novel antimicrobials against S. suis infections are urgently needed. In the previous study, a cell wall hydrolase or lysin derived from Streptococcus prophage phi5218, termed Ply5218, was identified. This lysin showed strong bacteriolytic activity against S. suis. In the current study, the in vitro data showed that after incubation with pig serum, the bacteriolytic efficacy of Ply5218 declined in a time-dependent manner. The in vivo assays indicated that a Ply5218 triple treatment (6, 24, and 48 h post infection) was effective against various serotypes of S. suis in a murine infection model. This regimen also alleviated streptococcal-induced clinical symptoms in piglets and significantly reduced the bacterial burden and levels of interleukin 6, a proinflammatory cytokine. This study indicates that Ply5218 shows strong antibacterial activity in pigs and has the potential to be used as a treatment for infectious diseases caused by S. suis.
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Arndt ER, Farzan A, MacInnes JI, Friendship RM. Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus suis isolates recovered from clinically ill nursery pigs and from healthy pigs at different stages of production. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2019; 60:519-522. [PMID: 31080266 PMCID: PMC6463947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis isolates (N = 379) from clinically ill pigs and from healthy pigs were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a disk diffusion method. Isolates from clinical cases had a higher prevalence of resistance compared with isolates from healthy pigs. There was a high to moderate prevalence of resistance to antibiotics commonly used in nursery pig diets such as tetracycline (84.2%), tiamulin (65.2%), and spectinomycin (40.4%). There was a low prevalence of resistance, however, to antimicrobials that are only used as parenteral treatments and not added to feed (e.g., ceftiofur, florfenicol). These findings should help practitioners in choosing appropriate drugs for use on Ontario swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Arndt
- Department of Population Medicine (Arndt, Farzan, Friendship), Department of Pathobiology (MacInnes), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Abdolvahab Farzan
- Department of Population Medicine (Arndt, Farzan, Friendship), Department of Pathobiology (MacInnes), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Janet I MacInnes
- Department of Population Medicine (Arndt, Farzan, Friendship), Department of Pathobiology (MacInnes), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Robert M Friendship
- Department of Population Medicine (Arndt, Farzan, Friendship), Department of Pathobiology (MacInnes), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
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Draft Genome Sequences of Three Porcine Streptococcus suis Isolates Which Differ in Their Susceptibility to Penicillin. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:MRA01711-18. [PMID: 30834392 PMCID: PMC6395877 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01711-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The draft genome sequences of three Streptococcus suis isolates, IMT40343, IMT40201, and IMT40738, are presented here. These isolates were obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of healthy and diseased weaners from different German piglet-producing farms and differed in their susceptibility to penicillin. The draft genome sequences of three Streptococcus suis isolates, IMT40343, IMT40201, and IMT40738, are presented here. These isolates were obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of healthy and diseased weaners from different German piglet-producing farms and differed in their susceptibility to penicillin.
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Pan Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Chen S, Ma J, Dong W, Wu Z, Yao H. A novel integrative conjugative element mediates transfer of multi-drug resistance between Streptococcus suis strains of different serotypes. Vet Microbiol 2019; 229:110-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Yongkiettrakul S, Maneerat K, Arechanajan B, Malila Y, Srimanote P, Gottschalk M, Visessanguan W. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis isolated from diseased pigs, asymptomatic pigs, and human patients in Thailand. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:5. [PMID: 30606175 PMCID: PMC6318959 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylaxis and treatment of emerging zoonotic Streptococcus suis infection in agricultural and healthcare settings mainly rely on antibiotics. However, continued use of antibiotics contributing to emergence and widespread of antibiotic resistant S. suis becomes a significant challenge in many endemic countries, including Thailand. Meanwhile, the knowledge of antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens is required for overcoming the antimicrobial resistance problem, the information of antibiotic susceptibility of S. suis strains isolated in Thailand remains limited. This study aims to assess the susceptibility of Thai-isolated S. suis strains to different antibiotic classes in order to gain an insight into the distribution of antibiotic-resistant patterns of S. suis strains in different regions of Thailand. Results This study revealed the antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance of 262 S. suis strains isolated in different regions of Thailand. Susceptibility testing indicated widespread resistance to macrolides and tetracyclines of S. suis strains in the country. Beta-lactam antibiotic drugs (including cefotaxime and ceftiofur), vancomycin, chloramphenicol, as well as florfenicol were potentially the most effective therapeutic drugs for the treatment of S. suis infection in both pigs and humans. High prevalence of intermediate susceptibility of S. suis isolated from asymptomatic pigs for penicillin G, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin could be the premise of the emergence of S. suis antibiotic resistance. Resistance was also found in S. suis strains isolated from asymptomatic pigs indicating that they could act as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on antimicrobial resistance of a large collection of S. suis strains isolated from pigs and humans in Thailand. It revealed the multidrug resistance of S. suis strains in pigs and humans. The information gained from this study raises an awareness and encourage best practices of appropriate antibiotic drug prescribing and use among human health and agriculture sectors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1732-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Krissana Maneerat
- College of Alternative Medicine, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Buppa Arechanajan
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Yuwares Malila
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Marcello Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Wonnop Visessanguan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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45
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Bischoff KM, Brockmeier SL, Skory CD, Leathers TD, Price NP, Manitchotpisit P, Rich JO. Susceptibility of Streptococcus suis to liamocins from Aureobasidium pullulans. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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46
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Yu Y, Fang JT, Zheng M, Zhang Q, Walsh TR, Liao XP, Sun J, Liu YH. Combination Therapy Strategies Against Multiple-Resistant Streptococcus Suis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:489. [PMID: 29867493 PMCID: PMC5962770 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major swine pathogen, an emerging zoonotic agent responsible for meningitis, endocarditis and septicaemia followed by deafness in humans. The development of antimicrobial resistance in S. suis increases the risk for therapeutic failure in both animals and humans. In this study, we report the synergism of combination therapy against multi-resistant S. suis isolates from swine. Twelve antibiotic profiles were determined against 11 S. suis strains. To investigate their synergistic/antagonistic activity, checkerboard assay was performed for all the possible combinations. In-vitro killing curves and in-vivo treatment trials were used to confirm the synergistic activity of special combinations against S. suis dominant clones. In this study, 11 S. suis isolates were highly resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline with ratios of 80–100%, and the resistance percentages to enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and spectinomycin were ~50%. The checkerboard data identified two combination regimens, ampicillin plus apramycin and tiamulin plus spectinomycin which gave the greatest level of synergism against the S. suis strains. In-vitro kill-curves showed a bacterial reduction of over 3-logCFU with the use of combination treatments, whilst the application of mono-therapies achieve less than a 2-logCFU cell killing. In-vivo models confirm that administration of these two combinations significantly reduced the number of bacterial cells after 24 h of treatment. In conclusions, the combinations of ampicillin plus apramycin and tiamulin plus spectinomycin showed the greatest synergism and may be potential strategies for treatment of multi-resistant S. suis in animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical, Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Infection & Immunity, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jin-Tao Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Timothy R Walsh
- Department of Medical, Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Infection & Immunity, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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