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Zhu C, Zhou J, Chen Z, Chen C, Yang P, Wang Z, Fu G, Wan C, Huang Y. Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 elicits early innate immune response and promotes virus-induced cellular autophagy in the spleen. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103831. [PMID: 38833958 PMCID: PMC11179077 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome caused by highly pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has resulted in significant economic losses to the poultry industry. However, the early innate immune response of immune organs within 24 hpi and the induction of autophagy in vivo after FAdV-4 infection have not been fully elucidated. In this study, 35-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were artificially infected with hypervirulent FAdV-4, which resulted in a mortality rate of up to 90%. The results showed that FAdV-4 infection rapidly triggered the innate immune response in vivo of chickens, with the spleen eliciting a stronger innate immune response than the thymus and bursa. During the early stage of viral infection within 24 hpi, the main receptors TLR3/7/21, MDA5, and cGAS were activated via the NF-κB and TBK1/IRF7-dependent signaling pathways, which up-regulated production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. Additionally, the expression levels of the autophagy-related molecules LC3B, Beclin1, and ATG5 were significantly up-regulated at 24 hpi, while degradation of SQSTM1/p62 was observed, suggesting that FAdV-4 infection elicits a complete autophagy response in the spleen. Besides, the colocalization of Fiber2 and LC3B suggested that FAdV-4 infection induced autophagy which benefits FAdV-4 replication in vivo. This study provides new insights into the immunoregulation signal pathways of the early innate immunity in response to hypervirulent FAdV-4 infection in vivo within 24 hpi and the close relationship between viral replication and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Cuiteng Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Guanghua Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Chunhe Wan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
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Hou X, Wang L, Zhang R, Liu G, Wang T, Wen B, Chang W, Han S, Han J, Fang J, Qi X, Wang J. Differential innate immune responses to fowl adenovirus serotype 4 infection in Leghorn male hepatocellular and chicken embryo fibroblast cells. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103741. [PMID: 38670055 PMCID: PMC11066554 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) infections result in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. Recent findings have revealed that FAdV-4 significantly suppresses the host immune response upon infection; however, the specific viral and host factors contributing to this immunomodulatory activity remain poorly characterized. Moreover, diverse cell types exhibit differential immune responses to FAdV-4 infection. To elucidate cell-specific host responses, we performed transcriptomic analysis of FAdV-4 infected leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. Although FAdV-4 replicated more efficiently in LMH cells, it provoked limited interferon-stimulated gene induction. In contrast, FAdV-4 infection triggered robust antiviral responses in CEF cells, including upregulation of cytosolic DNA sensing and interferon-stimulated genes. Knockdown of key cytosolic DNA sensing molecules enhanced FAdV-4 replication in LMH cells while reducing interferon-stimulated gene expression. Our findings reveal cell-specific virus-host interactions that provide insight into FAdV-4 pathogenesis while identifying factors that mediate antiviral immunity against FAdV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Riteng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gen Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenchi Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuizhong Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinjie Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junyang Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Lee R, Sung HW, Cheong HT, Park J. Protective immune response induced by Leghorn male hepatoma cell-adapted fowl adenovirus-4. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25366. [PMID: 38356505 PMCID: PMC10864904 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) is a highly contagious virus that causes acute and lethal hepatitis. It leads to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. Among the structural proteins of FAdV-4, hexon and fiber2 are associated with immunopathogenesis. A frameshift mutation was generated in the fiber2 protein by seral passages in the Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cell line. Immunization using the attenuated virus (80 times passaged) before the virulent FAdV-4 challenge protected hosts from the infection and cleared the invading virus. In immunized animals, activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations were larger during the FAdV-4 challenge. The change in the B cell population was similar. Myeloid cells were highly increased during FAdV-4 infection after the immunization, but the immunization inhibited the expansion in both liver and spleen. The functional gene expression for immune modulation was strongly associated with immune cell changes in the liver, however, this association was not strong in the spleen. The present findings imply that genetic modification by cellular adaptation regulates immune cell phenotype and function in the target organ. In addition, we suggest the attenuated virus as a protective strategy against the novel FAdV-4 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangyeon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Cheong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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4
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Lai J, He X, Zhang R, Zhang L, Chen L, He F, Li L, Yang L, Ren T, Xiang B. Chicken Interferon-Alpha and -Lambda Exhibit Antiviral Effects against Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 in Leghorn Male Hepatocellular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1681. [PMID: 38338959 PMCID: PMC10855402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) is primarily caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), causing high mortality in chickens. Although vaccination strategies against FAdV-4 have been adopted, HHS still occurs sporadically. Furthermore, no effective drugs are available for controlling FAdV-4 infection. However, type I and III interferon (IFN) are crucial therapeutic agents against viral infection. The following experiments were conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of chicken IFN against FadV-4. We expressed recombinant chicken type I IFN-α (ChIFN-α) and type III IFN-λ (ChIFN-λ) in Escherichia coli and systemically investigated their antiviral activity against FAdV-4 infection in Leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells. ChIFN-α and ChIFN-λ dose dependently inhibited FAdV-4 replication in LMH cells. Compared with ChIFN-λ, ChIFN-α more significantly inhibited viral genome transcription but less significantly suppressed FAdV-4 release. ChIFN-α- and ChIFN-λ-induced IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, such as PKR, ZAP, IRF7, MX1, Viperin, IFIT5, OASL, and IFI6, in LMH cells; however, ChIFN-α induced a stronger expression level than ChIFN-λ. Thus, our data revealed that ChIFN-α and ChIFN-λ might trigger different ISG expression levels, inhibiting FAdV-4 replication via different steps of the FAdV-4 lifecycle, which furthers the potential applications of IFN antiviral drugs in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xingchen He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rongjie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Libin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fengping He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Liangyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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5
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Lee R, Yoon BI, Hunter CA, Kwon HM, Sung HW, Park J. Short chain fatty acids facilitate protective immunity by macrophages and T cells during acute fowl adenovirus-4 infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17999. [PMID: 37865711 PMCID: PMC10590440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major gut metabolites that are involved in the regulation of dysfunction in immune responses, such as autoimmunity and cytokine storm. Numerous studies have reported a protective action of SCFAs against infectious diseases. This study investigated whether SCFAs have protective effect for immunity during fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) infection. We examined whether SCFA mixture (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) administration could protect against intramuscular challenge of a virulent viral strain. SCFA treatment promoted MHCII-expressing monocytes, the active form of T cells, and effector molecules in both peripheral and lymphoid tissues. It also boosted the production of immune molecules involved in pathogen elimination by intraepithelial lymphocytes and changed the intestinal microbial composition. We suggest that gut metabolites influence the gut microbial environment, and these changes stimulate macrophages and T cells to fight against the intramuscular challenge of FAdV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangyeon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyuk Moo Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Hou L, Wang W, Chi Z, Zhang Y, Zou Z, Zhao P. FAdV-4 Promotes Expression of Multiple Cytokines and Inhibits the Proliferation of aHEV in LMH Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:2072. [PMID: 37896849 PMCID: PMC10612091 DOI: 10.3390/v15102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Single or mixed infections of multiple pathogens such as avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) and avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) have been detected in numerous laying hens with severe liver injury in China. Thus, aHEV and immunosuppressive viruses are speculated to cause co-infections. In this study, co-infection with aHEV and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) was confirmed by nested RT-PCR and recombinase-aided amplification combined with gene sequencing in two flocks with severe liver injury. Subsequently, the two reference strains, aHEV and FAdV-4, were inoculated into LMH cells to identify their co-infection potential. Confocal microscopy revealed aHEV and FAdV-4 co-infected LMH cells. In addition, the replication dynamics of aHEV and FAdV-4 along with the expression levels of immuno-cytokines were measured. The results indicated colocalization of aHEV and FAdV-4 and inhibition of viral replication in LMH cells. The transcription levels of MDA5, Mx, OASL, and IFN-α were significantly upregulated in LMH cells, whereas those of immune-related factors induced by FAdV-4 were downregulated upon FAdV-4 and aHEV co-infection. These results confirmed the co-infection of aHEV and FAdV-4 in vitro and prompted the antagonistic pathogenic effects of FAdV-4 and aHEV, thereby providing novel insights into the counterbalancing effects of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Hou
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhaoyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai 265400, China;
| | - Zengna Chi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yawen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhong Zou
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Z.)
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Wang T, Wang L, Li W, Hou X, Chang W, Wen B, Han S, Chen Y, Qi X, Wang J. Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 enters leghorn male hepatocellular cells via the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Vet Res 2023; 54:24. [PMID: 36918926 PMCID: PMC10015710 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) induced by fowl adenovirus serotype-4 (FAdV-4) has caused large economic losses to the world poultry industry in recent years. HHS is characterized by pericardial effusion and hepatitis, manifesting as a swollen liver with focal necroses and petechial haemorrhage. However, the process of FAdV-4 entry into hepatic cells remains largely unknown. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the entry mechanism of FAdV-4 into leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells. We first observed that FAdV-4 internalization was inhibited by chlorpromazine and clathrin heavy chain (CHC) knockdown, suggesting that FAdV-4 entry into LMH cells depended on clathrin. By using the inhibitor dynasore, we showed that dynamin was required for FAdV-4 entry. In addition, we found that FAdV-4 entry was dependent on membrane cholesterol, while neither the knockdown of caveolin nor the inhibition of a tyrosine kinase-based signalling cascade affected FAdV-4 infection. These results suggested that FAdV-4 entry required cholesterol but not caveolae. We also found that macropinocytosis played a role, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) was required for FAdV-4 internalization. However, inhibitors of endosomal acidification did not prevent FAdV-4 entry. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that FAdV-4 enters LMH cells through dynamin- and cholesterol-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis, accompanied by the involvement of macropinocytosis requiring PI3K. Our work potentially provides insight into the entry mechanisms of other avian adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolan Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenchi Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuizhong Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 52/55k protein triggers PKR degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome system to evade effective innate immunity. Vet Microbiol 2023; 278:109660. [PMID: 36657343 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The pro- and inflammatory cytokines fail to effectively inhibit FAdV-4, which has always puzzled us. In the current study, the data determined that the mRNA levels of interferons were significantly enhanced in the livers and LMH cells from 24 h to 72 h post FAdV-4 infection. But the viral load of FAdV-4 was still significantly increased, which meant that FAdV-4 evaded innate immune response. We additionally revealed that the protein levels not mRNA levels of PKR were degraded in host cell at 48 h post FAdV-4 infection. Moreover, the results of over expression and silent expression of PKR revealed that PKR could inhibit FAdV-4 proliferation. These results indicated that FAdV-4 degraded the protein levels of PKR to evade innate immune response. We also found that the protein degradation levels of PKR induced by FAdV-4 were recovery in LHM cells after treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG132, and ubiquitin-specific proteases inhibitor DUB-IN-1. Furthermore, our current data presented that FAdV-4 52/55 K protein directly interacted with PKR and degraded it determined by Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. We also determined that 52/55 K protein triggered PKR degradation, and the degradation of PKR could be recovery in LHM cells after treatment with MG132, or DUB-IN-1, respectively. Finally, our data demonstrated that 52/55 K protein was a ubiquitylase that could directly degrade PKR protein in host cells via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Therefore, the current study firstly revealed that FAdV-4 52/55 K protein played the key role in triggering PKR degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome system pathway to escape from innate immunity response.
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Critical Factors For Survival After Adenovirus Serotype 4 Infection. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102150. [PMID: 36989855 PMCID: PMC10070941 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype-4 (FAdV-4) is highly lethal to poultry, making it one of the leading causes of economic losses in the poultry industry. However, a small proportion of poultry can survive after FAdV-4 infection. It is unclear whether there are genetic factors that protect chickens from FAdV-4 infection. Therefore, the livers from chickens uninfected with FAdV-4 (Normal), dead after FAdV-4 infection (Dead) or surviving after FAdV-4 infection (Survivor) were collected for RNA-seq, and 2,649 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these, many immune-related cytokines and chemokines were significantly upregulated in the Dead group compared with the Survivor group, which might indicate that death is related to an excessive inflammatory immune response (cytokine storm). Subsequently, the KEGG results for DEGs specifically expressed in each comparison group indicated that cell cycle and apoptosis-related DEGs were upregulated and metabolism-related DEGs were downregulated in the Dead group, which also validated the reliability of the samples. Furthermore, GO and KEGG results showed DEGs expressed in all three groups were mainly associated with cell cycle. Among them, BRCA1, CDK1, ODC1, and MCM3 were screened as factors that might influence FAdV-4 infection. The qPCR results demonstrated that these 4 factors were not only upregulated in the Dead group but also significantly upregulated in the LMH cells after 24 h infection by FAdV-4. Moreover, interfering with BRCA1, CDK1, ODC1, and MCM3 significantly attenuated viral replication of FAdV-4. And interfering of BRCA1, CDK1, and MCM3 had more substantial hindering effects. These results provided novel insights into the molecular changes following FAdV-4 infection but also shed light on potential factors driving the survival of FAdV-4 infection in chickens.
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10
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Wang XP, Wen B, Zhang XJ, Ma L, Liang XL, Zhang ML. Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Responding to Infection of Leghorn Male Hepatocellular Cells With Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:871038. [PMID: 35774982 PMCID: PMC9237548 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.871038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is a highly pathogenic virus with a broad host range that causes huge economic losses for the poultry industry worldwide. RNA sequencing has provided valuable and important mechanistic clues regarding FAdV-4–host interactions. However, the pathogenic mechanism and host's responses after FAdV-4 infection remains limited. In this study, we used transcriptome analysis to identify dynamic changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at five characteristic stages (12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h) post infection (hpi) with FAdV-4. A total of 8,242 DEGs were identified based on comparison of five infection stages: 0 and 12, 12 and 24, 24 and 36, 36 and 48, and 48 and 60 hpi. In addition, at these five important time points, we found 37 common upregulated or downregulated DEGs, suggesting a common role for these genes in host response to viral infection. The predicted function of these DEGs using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that these DEGs were associated with viral invasion, host metabolic pathways and host immunosuppression. Interestingly, genes involved in viral invasion, probably EGR1, SOCS3, and THBS1, were related to FAdV-4 infection. Validation of nine randomly selected DEGs using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR produced results that were highly consistent with those of RNA sequencing. This transcriptomic profiling provides valuable information for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying host–FAdV-4 interactions. These data support the current molecular knowledge regarding FAdV-4 infection and chicken defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping P. Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xueping P. Wang
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiao J. Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Xiu L. Liang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Ming L. Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
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Xue Y, Shen Z, Tao F, Zhou J, Xu B. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Seed Coat Development in Cucurbita pepo L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:772685. [PMID: 35283914 PMCID: PMC8912962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.772685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbita pepo is one of the earliest cultivated crops. It is native to Central and South America and is now widely cultivated all over the world for its rich nutrition, short growth period, and high yield, which make it suitable for intercropping. Hull-less C. pepo L. (HLCP) is a rare variant in nature that is easier to consume. Its seed has a seed kernel but lacks a seed coat. The molecular mechanism underlying the lack of seed coat development in the HLCP variety is not clear yet. The BGISEQ-500 sequencing platform was used to sequence 18 cDNA libraries of seed coats from hulled C. pepo (CP) and HLCP at three developmental stages (8, 18, and 28 days) post-pollination. We found that lignin accumulation in the seed coat of the HLCP variety was much lower than that of the CP variety. A total of 2,099 DEGs were identified in the CP variety, which were enriched mainly in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, amino sugar, and nucleotide sugar metabolism pathways. A total of 1,831 DEGs were identified in the HLCP variety and found to be enriched mainly in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways of starch and sucrose. Among the DEGs, hub proteins (FusA), protein kinases (IRAK4), and several transcription factors related to seed coat development (MYB, bHLH, NAC, AP2/EREBP, WRKY) were upregulated in the CP variety. The relative expression levels of 12 randomly selected DEGs were determined using quantitative real-time PCR analysis and found to be consistent with those obtained using RNA-Seq, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9474. We found that IRAK4 protein kinases, AP2/EREBP, MYB, bHLH, and NAC transcription factors may play important roles in seed coat development, leading to the formation of HLCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Xue
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyan Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Tao
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjiang Zhou
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bingliang Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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12
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High Phenotypic Variation between an In Vitro-Passaged Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 1 (FAdV-1) and Its Virulent Progenitor Strain despite Almost Complete Sequence Identity of the Whole Genomes. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020358. [PMID: 35215948 PMCID: PMC8880033 DOI: 10.3390/v14020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral gizzard erosion is an emerging disease with negative impact on health and production of chickens. In this study, we compared in vitro and in vivo characteristics of a fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAdV-1), attenuated by 53 consecutive passages in primary chicken embryo liver (CEL) cell cultures (11/7127-AT), with the virulent strain (11/7127-VT). Whole genome analysis revealed near-complete sequence identity between the strains. However, a length polymorphism in a non-coding adenine repeat sequence (11/7127-AT: 11 instead of 9) immediately downstream of the hexon open reading frame was revealed. One-step growth kinetics showed delayed multiplication of 11/7127-AT together with significantly lower titers in cell culture (up to 4 log10 difference), indicating reduced replication efficiency in vitro. In vivo pathogenicity and immunogenicity were determined in day-old specific pathogen-free layer chicks inoculated orally with the respective viruses. In contrast to birds infected with 11/7127-VT, birds infected with 11/7127-AT did not exhibit body weight loss or severe pathological lesions in the gizzard. Virus detection rates, viral load in organs and virus excretion were significantly lower in birds inoculated with 11/7127-AT. Throughout the experimental period, these birds did not develop measurable neutralizing antibodies, prevalent in birds in response to 11/7127-VT infection. Differences in pathogenicity between the virulent FAdV-1 and the attenuated strain could not be correlated to prominently discriminate genomic features. We conclude that differential in vitro growth profiles indicate that attenuation is linked to modulation of viral replication during interaction of the virus with the host cells. Thus, hosts would be unable to prevent the rapid replication of virulent FAdV leading to severe tissue damage, a phenomenon broadly applicable to further FAdV serotypes, considering the substantial intra-serotype virulence differences of FAdVs and the variation of diseases.
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13
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Yin L, Zhou Q, Mai K, Yan Z, Shen H, Li Q, Chen L, Zhou Q. Epidemiological investigation of duck adenovirus 3 in southern China, during 2018-2020. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:171-180. [PMID: 35088627 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2034737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Duck adenovirus 3 (DAdV-3) has been identified as the causative agent of a disease characterized by swelling and hemorrhages in liver and kidney of Muscovy ducks, causing huge economic losses to the waterfowl industry in China. In this study, a total of 54 DAdV-3 outbreaks from 2018 to 2020 in China were monitored with samples being collected and analyzed. The hexon amino acid sequences of the 54 DAdV-3 outbreaks and the DAdV-3 reference strains from GenBank were 98.7% to 100% identical. Epidemiological analysis showed that DAdV-3 circulated in meat-type and egg-laying Muscovy ducks, and co-infections with other viral and bacterial pathogens, such as Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), Muscovy duck-origin goose parvovirus (MDGPV), Adeno-associated virus (AAV), Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), R. anatipestifer, and E. coli were identified. In addition, 12 out of the 23 (52.2%) DAdV-3 strains were isolated by LMH cells and identified by DAdV-3 real-time PCR. The whole-genome sequence analysis demonstrated that 12 new DAdV-3 isolates share 99.8-100% identity with the DAdV-3 reference strains, and 9 new DAdV-3 isolates exhibit a truncated ORF67 gene. Our results enhance the understanding of the epidemiology and molecular characterization associated with DAdV-3 infection in China.Highlights First report of the epidemiology of duck adenovirus 3 infection in China.Mutant DAdV-3 strains (truncated ORF67) became the predominant virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- Wen' s Group Academy, Wen' s Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Yunfu, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Wen' s Group Academy, Wen' s Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Yunfu, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Kaijie Mai
- Wen' s Group Academy, Wen' s Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Yunfu, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Wen' s Group Academy, Wen' s Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Yunfu, Guangdong, 527400, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hanqin Shen
- Wen' s Group Academy, Wen' s Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Yunfu, Guangdong, 527400, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qunhui Li
- Wen' s Group Academy, Wen' s Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Yunfu, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Li Chen
- Wen' s Group Academy, Wen' s Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Yunfu, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wen' s Group Academy, Wen' s Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Yunfu, Guangdong, 527400, China
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14
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Potential Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Regulating Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4-Induced Apoptosis in Leghorn Male Hepatocellular Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081623. [PMID: 34452487 PMCID: PMC8402884 DOI: 10.3390/v13081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) is caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) and has resulted in considerable economic losses to the poultry industry globally. FAdV-4 elicits apoptosis in host cells. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulatory RNAs with profound effects on various biological processes, including apoptosis. However, it remains unknown whether lncRNAs participate in FAdV-4-induced apoptosis. In this study, RNA sequencing was applied to determine the transcription of cellular lncRNA in leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells infected with FAdV-4. Cellular RNA transcription analysis demonstrated that FAdV-4 infection elicited 1798 significantly differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs in infected LMH cells at 24 h post-infection (hpi) compared to mock control infection. In addition, 2873 DE mRNAs were also found. Target prediction and analyses revealed that 775 DE lncRNAs whose 671 target mRNAs were among the DE mRNAs were involved in several signaling pathways, including the AMPK signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway and insulin signaling pathway. From these 775 DE lncRNAs, we identified 71 DE lncRNAs related to apoptosis based on their target gene functions. Subsequently, lncRNA 54128 was selected from the 71 identified DE lncRNAs, and its role in FAdV-4-induced apoptosis was verified. LncRNA 54128 interference significantly suppressed the rate of apoptosis, which was accompanied by reduced BMP4 transcription levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze host lncRNA transcription during FAdV-4 infection. Our findings provide a better understanding of host responses to FAdV-4 infection and provide new directions for understanding the potential association between lncRNAs and FAdV-4 pathogenesis.
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15
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Hou L, Chen X, Wang J, Li J, Yang H. A tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis of fowl adenovirus serotype 4-infected LMH cells. Vet Microbiol 2021; 255:109026. [PMID: 33743407 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is recognized as an economically important pathogen for the poultry industry worldwide. FAdV-4 infection causes a metabolic disturbance of hepatocytes, leading to hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) in poultry. However, the metabolic response of hepatocytes to FAdV-4 infection remains poorly investigated. Here, a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based approach was first used to quantitatively identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells infected with the virulent FAdV-4 strain GY. We identified 666 DEPs associated with many biological processes and pathways, according to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that three pathways, including metabolism-related signaling pathways, apoptosis, and autophagy responses, were enriched during FAdV-4 infection. Moreover, excessive induction of metabolism-related signaling pathways by FAdV-4 infection might be associated with HHS induced by the virus. Meanwhile, among the proteins in these pathways, RRM2, SAE1, AEN, and RAD50 were verified through western blotting to be markedly altered in FAdV-4-infected LMH cells. Notably, overexpression of SAE1 inhibited the replication of FAdV-4 in vitro, whereas silencing of SAE1 expression promoted the replication of the virus. Collectively, our findings show for the first time that SAE1 is a host cellular protein that plays roles in regulating the life cycle of FAdV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China; China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Junping Li
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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16
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Lin Z, Huang R, Zhou J, Chen Y, Xu L, Gao Y, Wang C, Wang Q. Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 Influences Arginine Metabolism to Benefit Replication. Avian Dis 2020; 64:16-22. [PMID: 32267121 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-64.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) is caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4). HPS has caused outbreaks in Chinese populations of broiler chickens since 2015. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying HPS. In this study, we used transcriptomic analysis to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the livers of FAdV-4-infected and noninfected chicks. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the gene network associated with the arginine metabolism pathway was enriched in livers infected by FAdV-4; 10 genes were downregulated and 8 genes were upregulated in these livers when compared to noninfected livers. The DEGs identified in livers were reanalyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR); results indicated that the mRNA levels of the DEGs concurred with the data derived from KEGG analysis. Next, we used qPCR to detect the DEGs of the arginine metabolism pathway in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (LMH) after infection with FAdV-4 for 24 hr; this also indicated that the mRNA levels of the DEGs concurred with that seen in the liver. We also used si-RNA oligonucleotides to knock down the mRNA levels of iNOS in LMH cells infected with FAdV-4 and found that the viral load of FAdV-4 was increased. Further investigation revealed that the addition of 240 µg/ml of arginine into the culture medium of LMH cells infected with FAdV-4 for 24 hr led to a significant increase in the mRNA levels of iNOS but a significant reduction in the viral load of FAdV-4. Therefore, our data indicated that when broiler chickens become infected with FAdV-4, the arginine metabolic pathway in the liver becomes dysfunctional and the iNOS mRNA level decreases. This will add benefit to the replication of FAdV-4 but can be inhibited by the addition of an appropriate amount of arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lin
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Ruiling Huang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Xu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Yuyun Gao
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Changkang Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China,
| | - Quanxi Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China, .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China,
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17
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Wu N, Yang B, Wen B, Wang T, Guo J, Qi X, Wang J. Interactions Among Expressed MicroRNAs and mRNAs in the Early Stages of Fowl Adenovirus Aerotype 4-Infected Leghorn Male Hepatocellular Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:831. [PMID: 32508763 PMCID: PMC7248314 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) is caused by some strains of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4). However, the mechanism of FAdV-4 entry is not well understood. Therefore, to investigate the changes in host cellular response at the early stage of FAdV-4 infection, a conjoint analysis of miRNA-seq and mRNA-seq was utilized with leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells at 30, 60, and 120 min after FAdV-4 infection. In total, we identified 785 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and 725 DE mRNAs in FAdV-4-infected LMH cells. Most miRNAs and mRNAs, including gga-miR-148a-3p, gga-miR-148a-5p, gga-miR-15c-3p, CRK, SOCS3, and EGR1, have not previously been reported to be associated with FAdV-4 infection. The conjoint analysis of the obtained data identified 856 miRNA–mRNA pairs at three time points. The interaction network analysis showed that gga-miR-128-2-5p, gga-miR-7475-5p, novel_miR205, and TCF7L1 were located in the core of the network. Furthermore, the relationship between gga-miR-128-2-5p and its target OBSL1 was confirmed using a dual-luciferase reporter system and a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. In vitro experiments revealed that both gga-miR-128-2-5p overexpression and OBSL1 loss of function inhibited FAdV-4 entry. These results suggested that gga-miR-128-2-5p plays an important role in FAdV-4 entry by targeting OBSL1. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to analyze host miRNA and mRNA expression at the early stage of FAdV-4 infection; furthermore, the results of this study help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of FAdV-4 entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiaona Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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18
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Fowl adenoviruse-4 infection induces strong innate immune responses in chicken. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 68:101404. [PMID: 31874355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV), as the causative agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), poses a significant threat to the poultry industry in China in recent years. In this study, we investigated the immunopathogenesis of a FAdV-4 strain HN/151025 in 60-day-old chickens. The virus was highly virulent in chickens, with a broader tissue tropism in chickens, causing 60 % mortality. Postmortem findings of dead chickens showed mild HHS and liver degeneration and necrosis. Importantly, FAdV-4 infection induced significant upregulation of genes encoding most toll-like receptors, some cytokines (interleukin-1β, 2, 6, 8, and 18, and interferon-γ), most of avian β-defensins, myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, in tissues of infected chicken, especially in spleen and bursa of Fabricius. There was also a significant positive correlation between FAdV-4 genome load and the mRNA expression levels of most of these factors in specific infected tissues. The results indicated the potential role of these proteins in host immune response against FAdV-4 infection. However, overexpression of these proteins might contribute to tissue damage of FAdV-4 infected chickens, and eventually lead to chicken death.
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19
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Ren G, Wang H, Huang M, Yan Y, Liu F, Chen R. Transcriptome analysis of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 infection in chickens. Virus Genes 2019; 55:619-629. [PMID: 31264023 PMCID: PMC6746880 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is a causative agent of inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium–hepatitis syndrome. These diseases cause considerable economic losses in the global poultry industry and are significant stressors for infected chickens. However, the molecular mechanisms of FAdV-4 pathogenesis are poorly understood. In the present study, we identified differentially expressed genes from the livers of FAdV-4-infected chickens using RNA-seq at 7, 14 and 21 days after FAdV-4 infection. We identified 2395 differentially expressed genes at the three time points. These genes were enriched in variety of biological processes and pathways including PPAR and Notch signaling, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. The transcriptional data were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Our results will assist in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of FAdV-4 infection and for developing novel antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Manufacture for Animal Epidemic Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaoqing, China
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaorong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Manufacture for Animal Epidemic Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Manufacture for Animal Epidemic Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaoqing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
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20
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Gao J, Zhao M, Duan X, Wang Y, Cao H, Li X, Zheng SJ. Requirement of Cellular Protein CCT7 for the Replication of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 (FAdV-4) in Leghorn Male Hepatocellular Cells Via Interaction with the Viral Hexon Protein. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020107. [PMID: 30691230 PMCID: PMC6410038 DOI: 10.3390/v11020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) causes hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), leading to severe economic losses in the poultry industry. Although the pathogenesis of FAdV-4 infection has caused much attention, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identified chaperonin containing TCP-1 subunit eta (CCT7) as an interacting partner of the FAdV-4 capsid protein hexon. We found that ectopic expression of CCT7 in leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells enhanced hexon expression in pRK5-flag-hexon transfected cells. On the contrary, knockdown of cellular CCT7 by RNAi markedly reduced hexon expression in FAdV-4-infected cells and suppressed viral replication. These data suggest that CCT7 is required for FAdV-4 replication and may serve as a potential target for controlling FAdV-4 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Mingliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xueyan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shijun J Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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