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Hashmi F, Kane PM. V-ATPase Disassembly at the Yeast Lysosome-Like Vacuole Is a Phenotypic Driver of Lysosome Dysfunction in Replicative Aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.23.604825. [PMID: 39091794 PMCID: PMC11291124 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.604825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Declines in lysosomal acidification and function with aging are observed in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. V-ATPases play a central role in organelle acidification and V-ATPase activity is regulated by reversible disassembly in many different settings. Using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a replicative aging model, we demonstrate that V-ATPases disassemble into their V1 and V0 subcomplexes in aging cells, with release of V1 subunit C (Vma5) from the lysosome-like vacuole into the cytosol. Disassembly is observed after ≥5 cell divisions and results in overall vacuole alkalinization. Caloric restriction, an established mechanism for reversing many age-related outcomes, prevents V-ATPase disassembly in older cells and preserves vacuolar pH homeostasis. Reversible disassembly is controlled in part by the activity of two opposing and conserved factors, the RAVE complex and Oxr1. The RAVE complex promotes V-ATPase assembly and a rav1Δ mutant shortens replicative lifespan; Oxr1 promotes disassembly and an oxr1Δ mutation extends lifespan. Importantly, the level of Rav2, a key subunit of the RAVE complex, declines in aged cells. These data indicate that reduced V-ATPase assembly contributes to the loss of lysosome acidification with age, which affects replicative lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiza Hashmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Patricia M Kane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA
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Rochowski MT, Jayathilake K, Balcerak JM, Tamil Selvan M, Gunasekara S, Rudd J, Miller C, Lacombe VA. Alterations of whole body glucose metabolism in a feline SARS-CoV-2 infection model. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R499-R506. [PMID: 38574344 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00228.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been especially devastating to patients with comorbidities, including metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Elevated blood glucose during SARS-CoV-2 infection increased mortality of patients with COVID-19, although the mechanisms are not well understood. It has been previously demonstrated that glucose transport and utilization is a crucial pathway for other highly infectious RNA viruses. Thus, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to alterations in cellular and whole body glucose metabolism. Specific pathogen-free domestic cats were intratracheally inoculated with USA-WA1/2020 (wild-type) SARS-CoV-2 or vehicle-inoculated, then euthanized at 4- and 8-days postinoculation (dpi). Blood glucose and cortisol concentrations were elevated at 4 and 8 dpi. Blood ketones, insulin, and angiotensin II concentrations remained unchanged throughout the experimental timeline. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the lung and heart, without changes in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) RNA expression. In the lung, SARS-CoV-2 infection increased glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) protein levels at 4 and 8 dpi, whereas GLUT4 level was only upregulated at 8 dpi. In the heart, GLUT-1 and -4 protein levels remained unchanged. Furthermore, GLUT1 level was upregulated in the skeletal muscle at 8 dpi, and AMPK was activated in the hearts of infected cats. SARS-CoV-2 infection increased blood glucose concentration and pulmonary GLUT protein levels. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces metabolic reprogramming primarily in the lung to support viral replication. Furthermore, this translational feline model mimicked human COVID-19 and could be used to explore novel therapeutic targets to treat metabolic disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study on a feline model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, mirroring human COVID-19, revealed alterations in whole body and cellular glucose metabolism. Infected cats developed mild hyperglycemia, increased protein levels of glucose transporters in the lung, and AMPK activation in the heart. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces metabolic reprogramming in the cardiorespiratory system to support viral replication. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to novel antiviral therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Rochowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Kaushalya Jayathilake
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - John-Michael Balcerak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Miruthula Tamil Selvan
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Sachithra Gunasekara
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Jennifer Rudd
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Craig Miller
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Véronique A Lacombe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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Joshi G, Das A, Verma G, Guchhait P. Viral infection and host immune response in diabetes. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:242-266. [PMID: 38063433 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder disrupting blood sugar regulation, has emerged as a prominent silent pandemic. Uncontrolled diabetes predisposes an individual to develop fatal complications like cardiovascular disorders, kidney damage, and neuropathies and aggravates the severity of treatable infections. Escalating cases of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes correlate with a global upswing in diabetes-linked mortality. As a growing global concern with limited preventive interventions, diabetes necessitates extensive research to mitigate its healthcare burden and assist ailing patients. An altered immune system exacerbated by chronic hyperinflammation heightens the susceptibility of diabetic individuals to microbial infections, including notable viruses like SARS-CoV-2, dengue, and influenza. Given such a scenario, we scrutinized the literature and compiled molecular pathways and signaling cascades related to immune compartments in diabetics that escalate the severity associated with the above-mentioned viral infections in them as compared to healthy individuals. The pathogenesis of these viral infections that trigger diabetes compromises both innate and adaptive immune functions and pre-existing diabetes also leads to heightened disease severity. Lastly, this review succinctly outlines available treatments for diabetics, which may hold promise as preventive or supportive measures to effectively combat these viral infections in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Joshi
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Anushka Das
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Garima Verma
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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Cilloniz C, Torres A. Diabetes Mellitus and Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:859. [PMID: 38667504 PMCID: PMC11049506 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14080859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are more than 500 million people suffering from diabetes around the world. People aged 65 years or older are the most affected by this disease, and it is estimated that approximately 96% of diabetes cases worldwide are type 2 diabetes. People with diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of infections such as pneumonia, due to a series of factors that may contribute to immune dysfunction, including hyperglycemia, inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis, impaired cytokine production, phagocytic cell dysfunction, altered T cell-mediated immune responses and the co-existence of chronic comorbidities. Rates of infection, hospitalization and mortality in diabetic patients are reported to be higher than in the general population. Research into the risk of infectious diseases such as pneumonia in these patients is very important because it will help improve their management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Cilloniz
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Continental University, Huancayo 12001, Peru
| | - Antoni Torres
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Shukla AK, Awasthi K, Usman K, Banerjee M. Role of renin-angiotensin system/angiotensin converting enzyme-2 mechanism and enhanced COVID-19 susceptibility in type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:606-622. [PMID: 38680697 PMCID: PMC11045416 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i4.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease that caused a global pandemic and is caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus. It has affected over 768 million people worldwide, resulting in approximately 6900000 deaths. High-risk groups, identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, include individuals with conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, chronic lung disease, serious heart conditions, and chronic kidney disease. Research indicates that those with T2DM face a heightened susceptibility to COVID-19 and increased mortality compared to non-diabetic individuals. Examining the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a vital regulator of blood pressure and pulmonary stability, reveals the significance of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 enzymes. ACE converts angiotensin-I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin-II, while ACE2 counters this by converting angiotensin-II to angiotensin 1-7, a vasodilator. Reduced ACE2 expression, common in diabetes, intensifies RAS activity, contributing to conditions like inflammation and fibrosis. Although ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers can be therapeutically beneficial by increasing ACE2 levels, concerns arise regarding the potential elevation of ACE2 receptors on cell membranes, potentially facilitating COVID-19 entry. This review explored the role of the RAS/ACE2 mechanism in amplifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and associated complications in T2DM. Potential treatment strategies, including recombinant human ACE2 therapy, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, and epigenetic signature detection, are discussed as promising avenues in the battle against this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kumar Shukla
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Komal Awasthi
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kauser Usman
- Department of Medicine, King Georges’ Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Institute of Advanced Molecular Genetics, and Infectious Diseases (IAMGID), University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ketaroonrut N, Kiertiburanakul S, Sriphrapradang C. Optimal initial insulin dosage for managing steroid-induced hyperglycemia in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective single-center study. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241238148. [PMID: 38516643 PMCID: PMC10956164 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241238148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the optimal initial insulin dosage for controlling hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients receiving steroids, an area with limited data. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 156 COVID-19 patients with steroid-induced hyperglycemia treated with insulin. Patients were categorized by their total daily dose of subcutaneous insulin therapy when starting dexamethasone ⩾6 mg/day or equivalent dose of glucocorticoid: Group A (⩽0.29 units/kg), Group B (0.3-0.49 units/kg), Group C (0.5-0.69 units/kg), and Group B (⩾0.7 units/kg). Treatment failure was defined as mean blood glucose level > 280 mg/dL for two consecutive days after initiating insulin or any blood glucose ⩾ 400 mg/dL. Results The mean age was 64 ± 14 years, with 50% male, and a mean body mass index of 26.9 ± 6.9 kg/m2. Most had preexisting type 2 diabetes (62%). Mean admission blood glucose and HbA1c were 233 ± 112 mg/dL and 7.8 ± 2.3%, respectively. Group A had the lowest HbA1c (6.7 ± 1.2%), while group D had the highest (9.8 ± 2.5%). Median daily dexamethasone dosage or equivalent was 36 (IQR 16.72) mg, with no significant differences in among groups. Group A had the lowest treatment failure rate. There were no significant differences in treatment failure rate between Groups B, C, and D. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in mean BG across the groups: Group A 232 ± 42 mg/dL, Group B 247 ± 57 mg/dL, Group C 247 ± 61 mg/dL, and Group D 227 ± 67 mg/dL (p = 0.2). Group D had a significantly higher rate of level 1 hypoglycemia (p = 0.008), while no differences in clinically significant hypoglycemia (level 2 or 3) were observed between groups. Conclusions Among patients requiring TDD ⩾ 0.3 units/kg/day, there was no significant difference in treatment failure rate between Groups B, C, and D. Group D had the highest rate of level 1 hypoglycemia. This initial insulin dosage for hospitalized COVID-19 patients on high-dose steroid therapy should be personalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttavadee Ketaroonrut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutintorn Sriphrapradang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Xi Y, Horng T. A case of too much sugar: Lung DCs flummoxed by flu. Immunity 2024; 57:203-205. [PMID: 38354700 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is known to increase susceptibility to respiratory infections, but the underlying basis remains elusive. In a recent study in Nature, Nobs et al. showed that hyperglycemia impinges on the histone acetylation landscape to impair the ability of lung dendritic cells to prime adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiffany Horng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Bappy SS, Haque Asim MM, Ahasan MM, Ahsan A, Sultana S, Khanam R, Shibly AZ, Kabir Y. Virus-induced host cell metabolic alteration. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2505. [PMID: 38282396 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Viruses change the host cell metabolism to produce infectious particles and create optimal conditions for replication and reproduction. Numerous host cell pathways have been modified to ensure available biomolecules and sufficient energy. Metabolomics studies conducted over the past decade have revealed that eukaryotic viruses alter the metabolism of their host cells on a large scale. Modifying pathways like glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis and glutaminolysis could provide potential energy for virus multiplication. Thus, almost every virus has a unique metabolic signature and a different relationship between the viral life cycle and the individual metabolic processes. There are enormous research in virus induced metabolic reprogramming of host cells that is being conducted through numerous approaches using different vaccine candidates and antiviral drug substances. This review provides an overview of viral interference to different metabolic pathways and improved monitoring in this area will open up new ways for more effective antiviral therapies and combating virus induced oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Asif Ahsan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Sorna Sultana
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Roksana Khanam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Zaffar Shibly
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Yearul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Verma V, Sarkar D, Moharana B, Singh P, Noyadu R, Sharma B. Study of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis and its correlates during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary eye care institute of central India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3669-3676. [PMID: 37991302 PMCID: PMC10788766 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_356_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate factors associated with the occurrence of ROCM in COVID-19 patients and to compare its related parameters and outcomes between active and recovered COVID-19 groups. METHODS A total of 35 patients of ROCM associated with COVID-19 (active and post-COVID-19) were included. This is an ambispective study with retrospective medical records review for COVID-19 analysis and prospective assessments of ROCM-associated COVID-19 during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The demographic data, clinical parameters, and outcome were recorded on MS excel sheet, and various parameters were compared between active and recovered COVID-19 groups. RESULTS ROCM in recovered COVID-19 group was higher (57.1%) as compared to active COVID-19 (42.9%) (P = 1.00). High occurrence of ROCM was seen in those who had a history of hospitalization due to severity of COVID-19 (n 33, 94.28%), oxygen support (77.14), and received systemic steroids (82.9%). The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (82.9%), and new-onset hyperglycemia was noticed in 17.1% of patients. Exenteration (28.6%) was performed in severe cases who had stage IV ROCM, bilateral, and CNS involvement (RR = 7.2, 95% CI: 2.91 to 18.00). The risk of globe exenteration was 1.35 (0.7-2.29) times higher in recovered COVID-19 group, and mortality was 1.76 (0.72-3.36) times higher in active COVID-19 group. CONCLUSION Monitored use of systemic steroids and the prompt management of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients are important factors for favorable outcomes with reference to globe salvage and life-saving in ROCM associated with COVID-19. Even recovered COVID-19 patients should be observed for persistent hyperglycemia and occurrence of ROCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Verma
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deepayan Sarkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bruttendu Moharana
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Noyadu
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavana Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Mitra C, Winkley S, Kane PM. Human V-ATPase a-subunit isoforms bind specifically to distinct phosphoinositide phospholipids. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105473. [PMID: 37979916 PMCID: PMC10755780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are highly conserved multisubunit enzymes that maintain the distinct pH of eukaryotic organelles. The integral membrane a-subunit is encoded by tissue- and organelle-specific isoforms, and its cytosolic N-terminal domain (aNT) modulates organelle-specific regulation and targeting of V-ATPases. Organelle membranes have specific phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipid enrichment linked to maintenance of organelle pH. In yeast, the aNT domains of the two a-subunit isoforms bind PIP lipids enriched in the organelle membranes where they reside; these interactions affect activity and regulatory properties of the V-ATPases containing each isoform. Humans have four a-subunit isoforms, and we hypothesize that the aNT domains of these isoforms will also bind to specific PIP lipids. The a1 and a2 isoforms of human V-ATPase a-subunits are localized to endolysosomes and Golgi, respectively. We determined that bacterially expressed Hua1NT and Hua2NT bind specifically to endolysosomal PIP lipids PI(3)P and PI(3,5)P2 and Golgi enriched PI(4)P, respectively. Despite the lack of canonical PIP-binding sites, we identified potential binding sites in the HuaNT domains by sequence comparisons and existing subunit structures and models. We found that mutations at a similar location in the distal loops of both HuaNT isoforms compromise binding to their cognate PIP lipids, suggesting that these loops encode PIP specificity of the a-subunit isoforms. These data suggest a mechanism through which PIP lipid binding could stabilize and activate V-ATPases in distinct organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Samuel Winkley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Patricia M Kane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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Goyal P, Rajala MS. Reprogramming of glucose metabolism in virus infected cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2409-2418. [PMID: 36709223 PMCID: PMC9884135 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection is a kind of cellular stress that leads to the changes in cellular metabolism. Many metabolic pathways in a host cell such as glycolysis, amino acid and nucleotide synthesis are altered following virus infection. Both oncogenic and non-oncogenic viruses depend on host cell glycolysis for their survival and pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that the rate of glycolysis plays an important role in oncolysis as well by oncolytic therapeutic viruses. During infection, viral proteins interact with various cellular glycolytic enzymes, and this interaction enhances the catalytic framework of the enzymes subsequently the glycolytic rate of the cell. Increased activity of glycolytic enzymes following their interaction with viral proteins is vital for replication and to counteract the inhibition of glycolysis caused by immune response. In this review, the importance of host cell glycolysis and the modulation of glycolysis by various viruses such as oncogenic, non-oncogenic and oncolytic viruses are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Goyal
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Maitreyi S Rajala
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Kleinehr J, Schöfbänker M, Daniel K, Günl F, Mohamed FF, Janowski J, Brunotte L, Boergeling Y, Liebmann M, Behrens M, Gerdemann A, Klotz L, Esselen M, Humpf HU, Ludwig S, Hrincius ER. Glycolytic interference blocks influenza A virus propagation by impairing viral polymerase-driven synthesis of genomic vRNA. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1010986. [PMID: 37440521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV), like any other virus, provokes considerable modifications of its host cell's metabolism. This includes a substantial increase in the uptake as well as the metabolization of glucose. Although it is known for quite some time that suppression of glucose metabolism restricts virus replication, the exact molecular impact on the viral life cycle remained enigmatic so far. Using 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) we examined how well inhibition of glycolysis is tolerated by host cells and which step of the IAV life cycle is affected. We observed that effects induced by 2-DG are reversible and that cells can cope with relatively high concentrations of the inhibitor by compensating the loss of glycolytic activity by upregulating other metabolic pathways. Moreover, mass spectrometry data provided information on various metabolic modifications induced by either the virus or agents interfering with glycolysis. In the presence of 2-DG viral titers were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner. The supplementation of direct or indirect glycolysis metabolites led to a partial or almost complete reversion of the inhibitory effect of 2-DG on viral growth and demonstrated that indeed the inhibition of glycolysis and not of N-linked glycosylation was responsible for the observed phenotype. Importantly, we could show via conventional and strand-specific qPCR that the treatment with 2-DG led to a prolonged phase of viral mRNA synthesis while the accumulation of genomic vRNA was strongly reduced. At the same time, minigenome assays showed no signs of a general reduction of replicative capacity of the viral polymerase. Therefore, our data suggest that the significant reduction in IAV replication by glycolytic interference occurs mainly due to an impairment of the dynamic regulation of the viral polymerase which conveys the transition of the enzyme's function from transcription to replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kleinehr
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Schöfbänker
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Katharina Daniel
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Franziska Günl
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Fakry Fahmy Mohamed
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Josua Janowski
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Linda Brunotte
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Yvonne Boergeling
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marie Liebmann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Matthias Behrens
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andrea Gerdemann
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Melanie Esselen
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Eike R Hrincius
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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13
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Liontos A, Biros D, Kavakli A, Matzaras R, Tsiakas I, Athanasiou L, Samanidou V, Konstantopoulou R, Vagias I, Panteli A, Pappa C, Kolios NG, Nasiou M, Pargana E, Milionis H, Christaki E. Glycemic Dysregulation, Inflammation and Disease Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: Beyond Diabetes and Obesity. Viruses 2023; 15:1468. [PMID: 37515156 PMCID: PMC10386328 DOI: 10.3390/v15071468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the COVID-19 pandemic, diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity were associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between markers of inflammation, disease severity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and outcomes in COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes and obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from the University Hospital of Ioannina COVID-19 Registry and included hospitalized patients from March 2020 to December 2022. The study cohort was divided into three subgroups based on the presence of DM, obesity, or the absence of both. RESULTS In diabetic patients, elevated CRP, IL-6, TRG/HDL-C ratio, and TyG index, severe pneumonia, and hyperglycemia were associated with extended hospitalization. Increased IL-6, NLR, and decreased PFR were associated with a higher risk of death. In the obese subgroup, lower levels of PFR were associated with longer hospitalization and a higher risk of death, while severe lung disease and hyperglycemia were associated with extended hospitalization. In patients without DM or obesity severe pneumonia, NLR, CRP, IL-6, insulin resistance indices, and hyperglycemia during hospitalization were associated with longer hospitalization. CONCLUSION Inflammatory markers and disease severity indices were strongly associated with disease outcomes and hyperglycemia across all subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Liontos
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Biros
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Rafail Matzaras
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ilias Tsiakas
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Lazaros Athanasiou
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Valentini Samanidou
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Revekka Konstantopoulou
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vagias
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Panteli
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christiana Pappa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Maria Nasiou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Pargana
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralampos Milionis
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eirini Christaki
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
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14
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Tuli F, Kane PM. The cytosolic N-terminal domain of V-ATPase a-subunits is a regulatory hub targeted by multiple signals. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1168680. [PMID: 37398550 PMCID: PMC10313074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1168680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) acidify several organelles in all eukaryotic cells and export protons across the plasma membrane in a subset of cell types. V-ATPases are multisubunit enzymes consisting of a peripheral subcomplex, V1, that is exposed to the cytosol and an integral membrane subcomplex, Vo, that contains the proton pore. The Vo a-subunit is the largest membrane subunit and consists of two domains. The N-terminal domain of the a-subunit (aNT) interacts with several V1 and Vo subunits and serves to bridge the V1 and Vo subcomplexes, while the C-terminal domain contains eight transmembrane helices, two of which are directly involved in proton transport. Although there can be multiple isoforms of several V-ATPase subunits, the a-subunit is encoded by the largest number of isoforms in most organisms. For example, the human genome encodes four a-subunit isoforms that exhibit a tissue- and organelle-specific distribution. In the yeast S. cerevisiae, the two a-subunit isoforms, Golgi-enriched Stv1 and vacuolar Vph1, are the only V-ATPase subunit isoforms. Current structural information indicates that a-subunit isoforms adopt a similar backbone structure but sequence variations allow for specific interactions during trafficking and in response to cellular signals. V-ATPases are subject to several types of environmental regulation that serve to tune their activity to their cellular location and environmental demands. The position of the aNT domain in the complex makes it an ideal target for modulating V1-Vo interactions and regulating enzyme activity. The yeast a-subunit isoforms have served as a paradigm for dissecting interactions of regulatory inputs with subunit isoforms. Importantly, structures of yeast V-ATPases containing each a-subunit isoform are available. Chimeric a-subunits combining elements of Stv1NT and Vph1NT have provided insights into how regulatory inputs can be integrated to allow V-ATPases to support cell growth under different stress conditions. Although the function and distribution of the four mammalian a-subunit isoforms present additional complexity, it is clear that the aNT domains of these isoforms are also subject to multiple regulatory interactions. Regulatory mechanisms that target mammalian a-subunit isoforms, and specifically the aNT domains, will be described. Altered V-ATPase function is associated with multiple diseases in humans. The possibility of regulating V-ATPase subpopulations via their isoform-specific regulatory interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia M. Kane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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15
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Tosheva II, Saygan KS, Mijnhardt SM, Russell CJ, Fraaij PLA, Herfst S. Hemagglutinin stability as a key determinant of influenza A virus transmission via air. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 61:101335. [PMID: 37307646 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To cause pandemics, zoonotic respiratory viruses need to adapt to replication in and spread between humans, either via (indirect or direct) contact or through the air via droplets and aerosols. To render influenza A viruses transmissible via air, three phenotypic viral properties must change, of which receptor-binding specificity and polymerase activity have been well studied. However, the third adaptive property, hemagglutinin (HA) acid stability, is less understood. Recent studies show that there may be a correlation between HA acid stability and virus survival in the air, suggesting that a premature conformational change of HA, triggered by low pH in the airways or droplets, may render viruses noninfectious before they can reach a new host. We here summarize available data from (animal) studies on the impact of HA acid stability on airborne transmission and hypothesize that the transmissibility of other respiratory viruses may also be impacted by an acidic environment in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona I Tosheva
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kain S Saygan
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Center, Delft, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Ma Mijnhardt
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Center, Delft, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charles J Russell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pieter LA Fraaij
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Center, Delft, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Center, Delft, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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16
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Mitra C, Kane PM. Human V-ATPase a-subunit isoforms bind specifically to distinct phosphoinositide phospholipids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.24.538068. [PMID: 37162989 PMCID: PMC10168244 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.538068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
V-ATPases are highly conserved multi-subunit enzymes that maintain the distinct pH of eukaryotic organelles. The integral membrane a-subunit is encoded by tissue and organelle specific isoforms, and its cytosolic N-terminal domain (aNT) modulates organelle specific regulation and targeting of V-ATPases. Organelle membranes have specific phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipid enrichment linked to maintenance of organelle pH. In yeast, the aNT domains of the two a-subunit isoforms bind PIP lipids enriched in the organelle membranes where they reside; these interactions affect activity and regulatory properties of the V-ATPases containing each isoform. Humans have four a-subunit isoforms. We hypothesize that the aNT domains of the human isoforms will also bind to specific PIP lipids. The a1 and a2 isoforms of human V-ATPase a-subunits are localized to endolysosomes and Golgi, respectively. Bacterially expressed Hua1NT and Hua2NT bind specifically to endolysosomal PIP lipids PI(3)P and PI(3,5)P2 and Golgi enriched PI(4)P, respectively. Despite the lack of canonical PIP binding sites, potential binding sites in the HuaNT domains were identified by sequence comparisons and existing subunit structures and models. Mutations at a similar location in the distal loops of both HuaNT isoforms compromise binding to their cognate PIP lipids, suggesting that these loops encode PIP specificity of the a-subunit isoforms. These data also suggest a mechanism through which PIP lipid binding could stabilize and activate V-ATPases in distinct organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Patricia M Kane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
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17
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Zhang X, Wu L, Swerdlow RH, Zhao L. Opposing Effects of ApoE2 and ApoE4 on Glycolytic Metabolism in Neuronal Aging Supports a Warburg Neuroprotective Cascade against Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:410. [PMID: 36766752 PMCID: PMC9914046 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is the most recognized genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), whereas ApoE2 reduces the risk for LOAD. The underlying mechanisms are unclear but may include effects on brain energy metabolism. Here, we used neuro-2a (N2a) cells that stably express human ApoE isoforms (N2a-hApoE), differentiated N2a-hApoE neuronal cells, and humanized ApoE knock-in mouse models to investigate relationships among ApoE isoforms, glycolytic metabolism, and neuronal health and aging. ApoE2-expressing cells retained robust hexokinase (HK) expression and glycolytic activity, whereas these endpoints progressively declined with aging in ApoE4-expressing cells. These divergent ApoE2 and ApoE4 effects on glycolysis directly correlated with markers of cellular wellness. Moreover, ApoE4-expressing cells upregulated phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase with the apparent intent of compensating for the HK-dependent glycolysis reduction. The introduction of ApoE2 increased HK levels and glycolysis flux in ApoE4 cells. PI3K/Akt signaling was distinctively regulated by ApoE isoforms but was only partially responsible for the ApoE-mediated effects on HK. Collectively, our findings indicate that human ApoE isoforms differentially modulate neuronal glycolysis through HK regulation, with ApoE2 upregulating and ApoE4 downregulating, which markedly impacts neuronal health during aging. These findings lend compelling support to the emerging inverse-Warburg theory of AD and highlight a therapeutic opportunity for bolstering brain glycolytic resilience to prevent and treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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18
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Zhang P, Pan S, Yuan S, Shang Y, Shu H. Abnormal glucose metabolism in virus associated sepsis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1120769. [PMID: 37124033 PMCID: PMC10130199 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1120769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is identified as a potentially lethal organ impairment triggered by an inadequate host reaction to infection (Sepsis-3). Viral sepsis is a potentially deadly organ impairment state caused by the host's inappropriate reaction to a viral infection. However, when a viral infection occurs, the metabolism of the infected cell undergoes a variety of changes that cause the host to respond to the infection. But, until now, little has been known about the challenges faced by cellular metabolic alterations that occur during viral infection and how these changes modulate infection. This study concentrates on the alterations in glucose metabolism during viral sepsis and their impact on viral infection, with a view to exploring new potential therapeutic targets for viral sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - You Shang
- *Correspondence: Huaqing Shu, ; You Shang,
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19
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Chen N, Zhang B, Deng L, Liang B, Ping J. Virus-host interaction networks as new antiviral drug targets for IAV and SARS-CoV-2. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1371-1389. [PMID: 35476817 PMCID: PMC9132403 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2071175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, SARS-CoV-2, especially the Omicron strain, is ravaging the world and even co-infecting human beings with IAV, which is a serious threat to human public health. As of yet, no specific antiviral drug has been discovered for SARS-CoV-2. This requires deeper understandings of the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-host interaction, to explore antiviral drug targets and provide theoretical basis for developing anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. This article discussed IAV, which has been comprehensively studied and is expected to provide the most important reference value for the SARS-CoV-2 study apart from members of the Coronaviridae family. We wish to establish a theoretical system for the studies on virus-host interaction. Previous studies have shown that host PRRs recognize RNAs of IAV or SARS-CoV-2 and then activate innate immune signaling pathways to induce the expression of host restriction factors, such as ISGs, to ultimately inhibit viral replication. Meanwhile, viruses have also evolved various regulatory mechanisms to antagonize host innate immunity at transcriptional, translational, post-translational modification, and epigenetic levels. Besides, viruses can hijack supportive host factors for their replication. Notably, the race between host antiviral innate immunity and viral antagonism of host innate immunity forms virus-host interaction networks. Additionally, the viral replication cycle is co-regulated by proteins, ncRNAs, sugars, lipids, hormones, and inorganic salts. Given this, we updated the mappings of antiviral drug targets based on virus-host interaction networks and proposed an innovative idea that virus-host interaction networks as new antiviral drug targets for IAV and SARS-CoV-2 from the perspectives of viral immunology and systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoge Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Deng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihui Ping
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Shen TJ, Chen CL, Tsai TT, Jhan MK, Bai CH, Yen YC, Tsai CW, Tseng PC, Yu CY, Lin CF. Hyperglycemia exacerbates dengue virus infection by facilitating poly(A)-binding protein-mediated viral translation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e142805. [PMID: 36125898 PMCID: PMC9675471 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is highly comorbid with severe dengue diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Patients with DM have a 1.61-fold increased risk of developing dengue hemorrhagic fever. In search of host factors involved in dengue virus (DENV) infection, we used high-glucose (HG) treatment and showed that HG increased viral protein expression and virion release but had no effects on the early stages of viral infection. After HG stimulation, DENV-firefly luciferase-transfected assay and cellular replicon-based assay indicated increased viral translation, whereas using the glucose uptake inhibitor phloretin blocked this effect. HG treatment increased the translational factor poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) in a glucose transporter-associated, PI3K/AKT-regulated manner. Silencing PABP significantly decreased HG-prompted virion production. HG enhanced the formation of the PABP-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G complex, which is regulated by protein-disulfide isomerase. Hyperglycemia increased PABP expression, mortality rate, viral protein expression, and viral loads in streptozotocin-induced DM mice. Overall, hyperglycemic stress facilitates DENV infection by strengthening PABP-mediated viral translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jing Shen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kai Jhan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- Research Center of Biostatistics, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Yen
- Research Center of Biostatistics, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Tsai
- Research Center of Biostatistics, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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21
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Bhar A, Gierse LC, Meene A, Wang H, Karte C, Schwaiger T, Schröder C, Mettenleiter TC, Urich T, Riedel K, Kaderali L. Application of a maximal-clique based community detection algorithm to gut microbiome data reveals driver microbes during influenza A virus infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979320. [PMID: 36338082 PMCID: PMC9630851 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A Virus (IAV) infection followed by bacterial pneumonia often leads to hospitalization and death in individuals from high risk groups. Following infection, IAV triggers the process of viral RNA replication which in turn disrupts healthy gut microbial community, while the gut microbiota plays an instrumental role in protecting the host by evolving colonization resistance. Although the underlying mechanisms of IAV infection have been unraveled, the underlying complex mechanisms evolved by gut microbiota in order to induce host immune response following IAV infection remain evasive. In this work, we developed a novel Maximal-Clique based Community Detection algorithm for Weighted undirected Networks (MCCD-WN) and compared its performance with other existing algorithms using three sets of benchmark networks. Moreover, we applied our algorithm to gut microbiome data derived from fecal samples of both healthy and IAV-infected pigs over a sequence of time-points. The results we obtained from the real-life IAV dataset unveil the role of the microbial families Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Spirochaetaceae and Prevotellaceae in the gut microbiome of the IAV-infected cohort. Furthermore, the additional integration of metaproteomic data enabled not only the identification of microbial biomarkers, but also the elucidation of their functional roles in protecting the host following IAV infection. Our network analysis reveals a fast recovery of the infected cohort after the second IAV infection and provides insights into crucial roles of Desulfovibrionaceae and Lactobacillaceae families in combating Influenza A Virus infection. Source code of the community detection algorithm can be downloaded from https://github.com/AniBhar84/MCCD-WN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Bhar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Meene
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Haitao Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Karte
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Theresa Schwaiger
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Tim Urich
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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22
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Hong KS, Pagan K, Whalen W, Harris R, Yang J, Stout-Delgado H, Cho SJ. The Role of Glutathione Reductase in Influenza Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:438-445. [PMID: 35767671 PMCID: PMC9753556 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0372oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection induces lung epithelial cell injury via programmed cell death. Glutathione, a potent antioxidant, has been reported to be associated with influenza infection. We hypothesized that lung epithelial cell death during influenza infection is regulated by glutathione metabolism. Eight-week-old male and female BALB/c mice were infected with influenza (PR8: A/PR/8/34 [H1N1]) via intranasal instillation. Metabolomic analyses were performed on whole lung lysate after influenza infection. For in vitro analysis, Beas-2B cells were infected with influenza. RNA was extracted, and QuantiTect Primer Assay was used to assess gene expression. Glutathione concentrations were assessed by colorimetric assay. Influenza infection resulted in increased inflammation and epithelial cell injury in our murine model, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. In both our in vivo and in vitro models, influenza infection was found to induce apoptosis and necroptosis. Influenza infection led to decreased glutathione metabolism and reduced glutathione reductase activity in lung epithelial cells. Genetic inhibition of glutathione reductase suppressed apoptosis and necroptosis of lung epithelial cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of glutathione reductase reduced airway inflammation, lung injury, and cell death in our murine influenza model. Our results demonstrate that glutathione reductase activity is suppressed during influenza. Glutathione reductase inhibition prevents epithelial cell death and morbidity in our murine influenza model. Our results suggest that glutathione reductase-dependent glutathione metabolism may play an important role in the host response to viral infection by regulating lung epithelial cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Sook Hong
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and
| | - Kassandra Pagan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - William Whalen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Rebecca Harris
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Heather Stout-Delgado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Soo Jung Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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23
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Zapata RC, Carretero M, Reis FCG, Chaudry BS, Ofrecio J, Zhang D, Sasik R, Ciaraldi T, Petrascheck M, Osborn O. Adipocytes control food intake and weight regain via Vacuolar-type H + ATPase. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5092. [PMID: 36042358 PMCID: PMC9427743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism becomes dysregulated in individuals with obesity and many of these changes persist after weight loss and likely play a role in weight regain. In these studies, we use a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and weight loss to study the transcriptional memory of obesity. We found that the 'metabolic memory' of obesity is predominantly localized in adipocytes. Utilizing a C. elegans-based food intake assay, we identify 'metabolic memory' genes that play a role in food intake regulation. We show that expression of ATP6v0a1, a subunit of V-ATPase, is significantly induced in both obese mouse and human adipocytes that persists after weight loss. C. elegans mutants deficient in Atp6v0A1/unc32 eat less than WT controls. Adipocyte-specific Atp6v0a1 knockout mice have reduced food intake and gain less weight in response to HFD. Pharmacological disruption of V-ATPase assembly leads to decreased food intake and less weight re-gain. In summary, using a series of genetic tools from invertebrates to vertebrates, we identify ATP6v0a1 as a regulator of peripheral metabolic memory, providing a potential target for regulation of food intake, weight loss maintenance and the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizaldy C Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maria Carretero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Felipe Castellani Gomes Reis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Besma S Chaudry
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jachelle Ofrecio
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dinghong Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Roman Sasik
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Theodore Ciaraldi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Petrascheck
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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24
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Anindya R. Cytoplasmic DNA in cancer cells: Several pathways that potentially limit DNase2 and TREX1 activities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119278. [PMID: 35489653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of DNA in the cytoplasm of tumor cells induces the dendritic cell to produce type-I IFNs. Classically, the presence of foreign DNA in host cells' cytoplasm during viral infection elicits cGAS-STING mediated type-I IFN signaling and cytokine production. It is likely that cytosolic DNA leads to senescence and immune surveillance in transformed cells during the early stages of carcinogenesis. However, multiple factors, such as loss of cell-cycle checkpoint, mitochondrial damage and chromosomal instability, can lead to persistent accumulation of DNA in the cytoplasm of metastatic tumor cells. That is why aberrant activation of the type I IFN pathway is frequently associated with highly aggressive tumors. Intriguingly, two powerful intracellular deoxyribonucleases, DNase2 and TREX1, can target the cytoplasmic DNA for degradation. Yet the tumor cells consistently accumulate cytoplasmic DNA. This review highlights recent work connecting the lack of DNase2 and TREX1 function to innate immune signaling. It also summarizes the possible mechanisms that limit the activity of DNase2 and TREX1 in tumor cells and contributes to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India.
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25
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Al-Sayyar A, Hulme KD, Thibaut R, Bayry J, Sheedy FJ, Short KR, Alzaid F. Respiratory Tract Infections in Diabetes - Lessons From Tuberculosis and Influenza to Guide Understanding of COVID-19 Severity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:919223. [PMID: 35957811 PMCID: PMC9363013 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.919223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D) are more likely to develop severe respiratory tract infections. Such susceptibility has gained increasing attention since the global spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early 2020. The earliest reports marked T2D as an important risk-factor for severe forms of disease and mortality across all adult age groups. Several mechanisms have been proposed for this increased susceptibility, including pre-existing immune dysfunction, a lack of metabolic flexibility due to insulin resistance, inadequate dietary quality or adverse interactions with antidiabetic treatments or common comorbidities. Some mechanisms that predispose patients with T2D to severe COVID-19 may indeed be shared with other previously characterized respiratory tract infections. Accordingly, in this review, we give an overview of response to Influenza A virus and to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. Similar risk factors and mechanisms are discussed between the two conditions and in the case of COVID-19. Lastly, we address emerging approaches to address research needs in infection and metabolic disease, and perspectives with regards to deployment or repositioning of metabolically active therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katina D. Hulme
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ronan Thibaut
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151/CNRS UMRS8253, Immunity and Metabolism of Diabetes (IMMEDIAB), Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Department of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, India
| | | | - Kirsty R. Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151/CNRS UMRS8253, Immunity and Metabolism of Diabetes (IMMEDIAB), Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
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26
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Bepouka B, Odio O, Mangala D, Mayasi N, Mandina M, Longokolo M, Makulo JR, Mbula M, Kayembe JM, Situakibanza H. Diabetes Mellitus is Associated With Higher COVID-19 Mortality Rates in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cureus 2022; 14:e26877. [PMID: 35978734 PMCID: PMC9375835 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of COVID-19-related mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is unknown. The current study aimed to determine the mortality rate of COVID-19 among diabetes patients in SSA. We performed a systematic review of research articles until July 1, 2021. A literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines to gather relevant data. A random effects model was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used Egger's tests and Begg's funnel plot to examine publication bias. The mortality rate of 7778 COVID-19 patients was analyzed using data from seven studies. The I2 test was used to determine the heterogeneity between studies. The meta-analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus was linked to a 1.39-fold increase in the risk of death among COVID-19 inpatients (95% CI: 1.02-1.76). According to our findings, there was no significant heterogeneity between studies, and there was no publication bias. The present review describes an association between diabetes mellitus and the risk of COVID-19 mortality in SSA.
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27
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Sharma P, Behl T, Sharma N, Singh S, Grewal AS, Albarrati A, Albratty M, Meraya AM, Bungau S. COVID-19 and diabetes: Association intensify risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113089. [PMID: 35569351 PMCID: PMC9080053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a condition that affects a large percentage of the population and it is the leading cause of a wide range of costly complications. Diabetes is linked to a multi-fold increase in mortality and when compared to non-diabetics, the intensity and prevalence of COVID-19 ailment among diabetic individuals are more. Since its discovery in Wuhan, COVID-19 has grown rapidly and shown a wide range of severity. Temperature, lymphopenia, non-productive cough, dyspnoea, and tiredness are recognized as the characteristic of individuals infected with COVID-19 disease. In COVID-19 patients, diabetes and other related comorbidities are substantial predictors of disease and mortality. According to a recent study, SARS-CoV-2 (the virus responsible for covid-19 disease) may also lead to direct pancreatic harm, which could aggravate hyperglycemia and potentially cause the establishment of diabetes in formerly non-diabetic individuals. This bidirectional association of COVID-19 and diabetes load the burden on health care professionals throughout the world. It is recommended that gliptin medications be taken moderately, blood glucose levels must be kept under control, ACE inhibitors should be used in moderation, decrease the number of avoidable hospitalizations, nutritional considerations, and some other prevention measures, such as immunization, are highly recommended. SARS-CoV-2 may cause pleiotropic changes in glucose homeostasis, which could exacerbate the pathophysiology of pre-existing diabetes or result in new disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India,Government Pharmacy College, Nagrota Bagwan, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India,Corresponding author
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania,Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania,Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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28
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, is a global pandemic impacting 254 million people in 190 countries. Comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, increase the risk of infection and poor outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor, generating inflammation and cytokine storm, often resulting in multiorgan failure. The mechanisms and effects of COVID-19 on patients with high-risk diabetes are not yet completely understood. In this review, we discuss the variety of coronaviruses, structure of SARS-CoV-2, mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, receptors associated with viral host entry, and disease progression. Furthermore, we focus on possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in diabetes, leading to inflammation and heart failure. Finally, we discuss existing therapeutic approaches, unanswered questions, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Dinender K Singla
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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29
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Wijayasinghe YS, Bhansali MP, Borkar MR, Chaturbhuj GU, Muntean BS, Viola RE, Bhansali PR. A Comprehensive Biological and Synthetic Perspective on 2-Deoxy-d-Glucose (2-DG), A Sweet Molecule with Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potentials. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3706-3728. [PMID: 35192360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucose, the primary substrate for ATP synthesis, is catabolized during glycolysis to generate ATP and precursors for the synthesis of other vital biomolecules. Opportunistic viruses and cancer cells often hijack this metabolic machinery to obtain energy and components needed for their replication and proliferation. One way to halt such energy-dependent processes is by interfering with the glycolytic pathway. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) is a synthetic glucose analogue that can inhibit key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. The efficacy of 2-DG has been reported across an array of diseases and disorders, thereby demonstrating its broad therapeutic potential. Recent approval of 2-DG in India as a therapeutic approach for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought renewed attention to this molecule. The purpose of this perspective is to present updated therapeutic avenues as well as a variety of chemical synthetic strategies for this medically useful sugar derivative, 2-DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasanandana S Wijayasinghe
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama 11010, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Maheshkumar R Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganesh U Chaturbhuj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Brian S Muntean
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Ronald E Viola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Pravin R Bhansali
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Alliance University, Chikkahagade Cross, Chandapura-Anekal Main Road, Anekal, Bengaluru 562106, Karnataka, India
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30
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Yuan Z, Wang S, Tan X, Wang D. New Insights into the Mechanisms of Chaperon-Mediated Autophagy and Implications for Kidney Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030406. [PMID: 35159216 PMCID: PMC8834181 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a separate type of lysosomal proteolysis, characterized by its selectivity of substrate proteins and direct translocation into lysosomes. Recent studies have declared the involvement of CMA in a variety of physiologic and pathologic situations involving the kidney, and it has emerged as a potential target for the treatment of kidney diseases. The role of CMA in kidney diseases is context-dependent and appears reciprocally with macroautophagy. Among the renal resident cells, the proximal tubule exhibits a high basal level of CMA activity, and restoration of CMA alleviates the aging-related tubular alternations. The level of CMA is up-regulated under conditions of oxidative stress, such as in acute kidney injury, while it is declined in chronic kidney disease and aging-related kidney diseases, leading to the accumulation of oxidized substrates. Suppressed CMA leads to the kidney hypertrophy in diabetes mellitus, and the increase of CMA contributes to the progress and chemoresistance in renal cell carcinoma. With the progress on the understanding of the cellular functions and uncovering the clinical scenario, the application of targeting CMA in the treatment of kidney diseases is expected.
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31
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Chen F, Kang R, Liu J, Tang D. The V-ATPases in cancer and cell death. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1529-1541. [PMID: 35504950 PMCID: PMC9063253 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane ATPases are membrane-bound enzyme complexes and ion transporters that can be divided into F-, V-, and A-ATPases according to their structure. The V-ATPases, also known as H+-ATPases, are large multi-subunit protein complexes composed of a peripheral domain (V1) responsible for the hydrolysis of ATP and a membrane-integrated domain (V0) that transports protons across plasma membrane or organelle membrane. V-ATPases play a fundamental role in maintaining pH homeostasis through lysosomal acidification and are involved in modulating various physiological and pathological processes, such as macropinocytosis, autophagy, cell invasion, and cell death (e.g., apoptosis, anoikis, alkaliptosis, ferroptosis, and lysosome-dependent cell death). In addition to participating in embryonic development, V-ATPase pathways, when dysfunctional, are implicated in human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, osteopetrosis, distal renal tubular acidosis, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the structure and regulation of isoforms of V-ATPase subunits and discuss their context-dependent roles in cancer biology and cell death. Updated knowledge about V-ATPases may enable us to design new anticancer drugs or strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 China
| | - Rui Kang
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 China
| | - Daolin Tang
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
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32
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Naicker T, Padayachee S, Govender N. Gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia: An increased risk to COVID-19? ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/amhs.amhs_288_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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33
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Al Awaidy ST, Al Slail F, Al Kathiry DAA, Al Mayahi ZK, Koul PA, Tanriover MD. A Case for Enhancing Coverage of Influenza Vaccination in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus during COVID-19. Oman Med J 2021; 36:e325. [PMID: 34912571 PMCID: PMC8652396 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2021.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salah T Al Awaidy
- Communicable Disease Advisor for Health Affairs, Office of HE Undersecretary of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fatima Al Slail
- Directorate of the National Diabetes Prevention and Control Program, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Abdul Aziz Al Kathiry
- Directorate of the National Diabetes Prevention and Control Program, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zayid K Al Mayahi
- Directorate of Health Services, Ministry of Health, South Batinah Governorate, Oman
| | - Parvaiz A Koul
- Internal and Pulmonary Medicine Department, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Mine Durusu Tanriover
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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34
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Ren Z, Yu Y, Chen C, Yang D, Ding T, Zhu L, Deng J, Xu Z. The Triangle Relationship Between Long Noncoding RNA, RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling Pathway, and Glycolysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:807737. [PMID: 34917069 PMCID: PMC8670088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.807737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA), a noncoding RNA over 200nt in length, can regulate glycolysis through metabolic pathways, glucose metabolizing enzymes, and epigenetic reprogramming. Upon viral infection, increased aerobic glycolysis providzes material and energy for viral replication. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is the only protein-specified downstream of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) that bridges the gap between antiviral immunity and glycolysis. MAVS binding to RIG-I inhibits MAVS binding to Hexokinase (HK2), thereby impairing glycolysis, while excess lactate production inhibits MAVS and the downstream antiviral immune response, facilitating viral replication. LncRNAs can also regulate antiviral innate immunity by interacting with RIG-I and downstream signaling pathways and by regulating the expression of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Altogether, we summarize the relationship between glycolysis, antiviral immunity, and lncRNAs and propose that lncRNAs interact with glycolysis and antiviral pathways, providing a new perspective for the future treatment against virus infection, including SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueru Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoxi Chen
- College of Life Since and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingyong Yang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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35
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Kleinehr J, Wilden JJ, Boergeling Y, Ludwig S, Hrincius ER. Metabolic Modifications by Common Respiratory Viruses and Their Potential as New Antiviral Targets. Viruses 2021; 13:2068. [PMID: 34696497 PMCID: PMC8540840 DOI: 10.3390/v13102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are known to be the most frequent causative mediators of lung infections in humans, bearing significant impact on the host cell signaling machinery due to their host-dependency for efficient replication. Certain cellular functions are actively induced by respiratory viruses for their own benefit. This includes metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, among others, which are modified during viral infections. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of metabolic pathway modifications mediated by the acute respiratory viruses respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV), influenza virus (IV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), coronavirus (CoV) and adenovirus (AdV), and highlight potential targets and compounds for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kleinehr
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.K.); (J.J.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Janine J. Wilden
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.K.); (J.J.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Yvonne Boergeling
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.K.); (J.J.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.K.); (J.J.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.)
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Eike R. Hrincius
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.K.); (J.J.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.)
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36
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Salmonella Typhimurium impairs glycolysis-mediated acidification of phagosomes to evade macrophage defense. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009943. [PMID: 34555129 PMCID: PMC8491875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cellular metabolism is now recognized as a crucial mechanism for the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells upon diverse extracellular stimuli. Macrophages, for instance, increase glycolysis upon stimulation with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Conceivably, pathogens also counteract these metabolic changes for their own survival in the host. Despite this dynamic interplay in host-pathogen interactions, the role of immunometabolism in the context of intracellular bacterial infections is still unclear. Here, employing unbiased metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches, we investigated the role of metabolic adaptations of macrophages upon Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infections. Importantly, our results suggest that S. Typhimurium abrogates glycolysis and its modulators such as insulin-signaling to impair macrophage defense. Mechanistically, glycolysis facilitates glycolytic enzyme aldolase A mediated v-ATPase assembly and the acidification of phagosomes which is critical for lysosomal degradation. Thus, impairment in the glycolytic machinery eventually leads to decreased bacterial clearance and antigen presentation in murine macrophages (BMDM). Collectively, our results highlight a vital molecular link between metabolic adaptation and phagosome maturation in macrophages, which is targeted by S. Typhimurium to evade cell-autonomous defense.
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Llibre A, Grudzinska FS, O'Shea MK, Duffy D, Thickett DR, Mauro C, Scott A. Lactate cross-talk in host-pathogen interactions. Biochem J 2021; 478:3157-3178. [PMID: 34492096 PMCID: PMC8454702 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactate is the main product generated at the end of anaerobic glycolysis or during the Warburg effect and its role as an active signalling molecule is increasingly recognised. Lactate can be released and used by host cells, by pathogens and commensal organisms, thus being essential for the homeostasis of host-microbe interactions. Infection can alter this intricate balance, and the presence of lactate transporters in most human cells including immune cells, as well as in a variety of pathogens (including bacteria, fungi and complex parasites) demonstrates the importance of this metabolite in regulating host-pathogen interactions. This review will cover lactate secretion and sensing in humans and microbes, and will discuss the existing evidence supporting a role for lactate in pathogen growth and persistence, together with lactate's ability to impact the orchestration of effective immune responses. The ubiquitous presence of lactate in the context of infection and the ability of both host cells and pathogens to sense and respond to it, makes manipulation of lactate a potential novel therapeutic strategy. Here, we will discuss the preliminary research that has been carried out in the context of cancer, autoimmunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Llibre
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Frances S Grudzinska
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Matthew K O'Shea
- Department of Infection, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, U.K
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David R Thickett
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Aaron Scott
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
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Logette E, Lorin C, Favreau C, Oshurko E, Coggan JS, Casalegno F, Sy MF, Monney C, Bertschy M, Delattre E, Fonta PA, Krepl J, Schmidt S, Keller D, Kerrien S, Scantamburlo E, Kaufmann AK, Markram H. A Machine-Generated View of the Role of Blood Glucose Levels in the Severity of COVID-19. Front Public Health 2021; 9:695139. [PMID: 34395368 PMCID: PMC8356061 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.695139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 started spreading toward the end of 2019 causing COVID-19, a disease that reached pandemic proportions among the human population within months. The reasons for the spectrum of differences in the severity of the disease across the population, and in particular why the disease affects more severely the aging population and those with specific preconditions are unclear. We developed machine learning models to mine 240,000 scientific articles openly accessible in the CORD-19 database, and constructed knowledge graphs to synthesize the extracted information and navigate the collective knowledge in an attempt to search for a potential common underlying reason for disease severity. The machine-driven framework we developed repeatedly pointed to elevated blood glucose as a key facilitator in the progression of COVID-19. Indeed, when we systematically retraced the steps of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, we found evidence linking elevated glucose to each major step of the life-cycle of the virus, progression of the disease, and presentation of symptoms. Specifically, elevations of glucose provide ideal conditions for the virus to evade and weaken the first level of the immune defense system in the lungs, gain access to deep alveolar cells, bind to the ACE2 receptor and enter the pulmonary cells, accelerate replication of the virus within cells increasing cell death and inducing an pulmonary inflammatory response, which overwhelms an already weakened innate immune system to trigger an avalanche of systemic infections, inflammation and cell damage, a cytokine storm and thrombotic events. We tested the feasibility of the hypothesis by manually reviewing the literature referenced by the machine-generated synthesis, reconstructing atomistically the virus at the surface of the pulmonary airways, and performing quantitative computational modeling of the effects of glucose levels on the infection process. We conclude that elevation in glucose levels can facilitate the progression of the disease through multiple mechanisms and can explain much of the differences in disease severity seen across the population. The study provides diagnostic considerations, new areas of research and potential treatments, and cautions on treatment strategies and critical care conditions that induce elevations in blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Logette
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henry Markram
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
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Jaskolka MC, Winkley SR, Kane PM. RAVE and Rabconnectin-3 Complexes as Signal Dependent Regulators of Organelle Acidification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698190. [PMID: 34249946 PMCID: PMC8264551 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast RAVE (Regulator of H+-ATPase of Vacuolar and Endosomal membranes) complex and Rabconnectin-3 complexes of higher eukaryotes regulate acidification of organelles such as lysosomes and endosomes by catalyzing V-ATPase assembly. V-ATPases are highly conserved proton pumps consisting of a peripheral V1 subcomplex that contains the sites of ATP hydrolysis, attached to an integral membrane Vo subcomplex that forms the transmembrane proton pore. Reversible disassembly of the V-ATPase is a conserved regulatory mechanism that occurs in response to multiple signals, serving to tune ATPase activity and compartment acidification to changing extracellular conditions. Signals such as glucose deprivation can induce release of V1 from Vo, which inhibits both ATPase activity and proton transport. Reassembly of V1 with Vo restores ATP-driven proton transport, but requires assistance of the RAVE or Rabconnectin-3 complexes. Glucose deprivation triggers V-ATPase disassembly in yeast and is accompanied by binding of RAVE to V1 subcomplexes. Upon glucose readdition, RAVE catalyzes both recruitment of V1 to the vacuolar membrane and its reassembly with Vo. The RAVE complex can be recruited to the vacuolar membrane by glucose in the absence of V1 subunits, indicating that the interaction between RAVE and the Vo membrane domain is glucose-sensitive. Yeast RAVE complexes also distinguish between organelle-specific isoforms of the Vo a-subunit and thus regulate distinct V-ATPase subpopulations. Rabconnectin-3 complexes in higher eukaryotes appear to be functionally equivalent to yeast RAVE. Originally isolated as a two-subunit complex from rat brain, the Rabconnectin-3 complex has regions of homology with yeast RAVE and was shown to interact with V-ATPase subunits and promote endosomal acidification. Current understanding of the structure and function of RAVE and Rabconnectin-3 complexes, their interactions with the V-ATPase, their role in signal-dependent modulation of organelle acidification, and their impact on downstream pathways will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Jaskolka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Samuel R Winkley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Patricia M Kane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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Millard RS, Bickley LK, Bateman KS, Farbos A, Minardi D, Moore K, Ross SH, Stentiford GD, Tyler CR, van Aerle R, Santos EM. Global mRNA and miRNA Analysis Reveal Key Processes in the Initial Response to Infection with WSSV in the Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061140. [PMID: 34199268 PMCID: PMC8231841 DOI: 10.3390/v13061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White Spot Disease (WSD) presents a major barrier to penaeid shrimp production. Mechanisms underlying White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) susceptibility in penaeids are poorly understood due to limited information related to early infection. We investigated mRNA and miRNA transcription in Penaeus vannamei over 36 h following infection. Over this time course, 6192 transcripts and 27 miRNAs were differentially expressed—with limited differential expression from 3–12 h post injection (hpi) and a more significant transcriptional response associated with the onset of disease symptoms (24 hpi). During early infection, regulated processes included cytoskeletal remodelling and alterations in phagocytic activity that may assist WSSV entry and translocation, novel miRNA-induced metabolic shifts, and the downregulation of ATP-dependent proton transporter subunits that may impair cellular recycling. During later infection, uncoupling of the electron transport chain may drive cellular dysfunction and lead to high mortalities in infected penaeids. We propose that post-transcriptional silencing of the immune priming gene Dscam (downregulated following infections) by a novel shrimp miRNA (Pva-pmiR-78; upregulated) as a potential mechanism preventing future recognition of WSSV that may be suppressed in surviving shrimp. Our findings improve our understanding of WSD pathogenesis in P. vannamei and provide potential avenues for future development of prophylactics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Millard
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (L.K.B.); (C.R.T.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.M.); (E.M.S.); Tel.: +44-(0)-1392-724607 (E.M.S.)
| | - Lisa K. Bickley
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (L.K.B.); (C.R.T.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
| | - Kelly S. Bateman
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Audrey Farbos
- Exeter Sequencing Service, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (A.F.); (K.M.)
| | - Diana Minardi
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Karen Moore
- Exeter Sequencing Service, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (A.F.); (K.M.)
| | - Stuart H. Ross
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (L.K.B.); (C.R.T.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Eduarda M. Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (L.K.B.); (C.R.T.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.M.); (E.M.S.); Tel.: +44-(0)-1392-724607 (E.M.S.)
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Bahadoran A, Bezavada L, Smallwood HS. Fueling influenza and the immune response: Implications for metabolic reprogramming during influenza infection and immunometabolism. Immunol Rev 2021; 295:140-166. [PMID: 32320072 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies support the notion that glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are rheostats in immune cells whose bioenergetics have functional outputs in terms of their biology. Specific intrinsic and extrinsic molecular factors function as molecular potentiometers to adjust and control glycolytic to respiratory power output. In many cases, these potentiometers are used by influenza viruses and immune cells to support pathogenesis and the host immune response, respectively. Influenza virus infects the respiratory tract, providing a specific environmental niche, while immune cells encounter variable nutrient concentrations as they migrate in response to infection. Immune cell subsets have distinct metabolic programs that adjust to meet energetic and biosynthetic requirements to support effector functions, differentiation, and longevity in their ever-changing microenvironments. This review details how influenza coopts the host cell for metabolic reprogramming and describes the overlap of these regulatory controls in immune cells whose function and fate are dictated by metabolism. These details are contextualized with emerging evidence of the consequences of influenza-induced changes in metabolic homeostasis on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Bahadoran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lavanya Bezavada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic, which caused by the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS- CoV-2), puts the entire world in an unprecedented crisis, leaving behind huge human losses and serious socio-economical damages. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 varies from asymptomatic to multi-organ manifestations. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic inflammatory condition, which associated with metabolic and vascular abnormalities, increases the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, severity and mortality. Due to global prevalence, DM effect on COVID-19 outcomes as well as the potential mechanisms by which DM modulates the host-viral interactions and host-immune responses are discussed in this review. This review also highlights the effects of anti-diabetic drugs on treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vice versa.
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Zhang X, Alshakhshir N, Zhao L. Glycolytic Metabolism, Brain Resilience, and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:662242. [PMID: 33994936 PMCID: PMC8113697 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.662242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementia. Despite decades of research, the etiology and pathogenesis of AD are not well understood. Brain glucose hypometabolism has long been recognized as a prominent anomaly that occurs in the preclinical stage of AD. Recent studies suggest that glycolytic metabolism, the cytoplasmic pathway of the breakdown of glucose, may play a critical role in the development of AD. Glycolysis is essential for a variety of neural activities in the brain, including energy production, synaptic transmission, and redox homeostasis. Decreased glycolytic flux has been shown to correlate with the severity of amyloid and tau pathology in both preclinical and clinical AD patients. Moreover, increased glucose accumulation found in the brains of AD patients supports the hypothesis that glycolytic deficit may be a contributor to the development of this phenotype. Brain hyperglycemia also provides a plausible explanation for the well-documented link between AD and diabetes. Humans possess three primary variants of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene - ApoE∗ϵ2, ApoE∗ϵ3, and ApoE∗ϵ4 - that confer differential susceptibility to AD. Recent findings indicate that neuronal glycolysis is significantly affected by human ApoE isoforms and glycolytic robustness may serve as a major mechanism that renders an ApoE2-bearing brain more resistant against the neurodegenerative risks for AD. In addition to AD, glycolytic dysfunction has been observed in other neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, strengthening the concept of glycolytic dysfunction as a common pathway leading to neurodegeneration. Taken together, these advances highlight a promising translational opportunity that involves targeting glycolysis to bolster brain metabolic resilience and by such to alter the course of brain aging or disease development to prevent or reduce the risks for not only AD but also other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Nadine Alshakhshir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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Nolan KE, Baer LA, Karekar P, Nelson AM, Stanford KI, Doolittle LM, Rosas LE, Hickman-Davis JM, Singh H, Davis IC. Metabolic shifts modulate lung injury caused by infection with H1N1 influenza A virus. Virology 2021; 559:111-119. [PMID: 33865074 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection alters lung epithelial cell metabolism in vitro by promoting a glycolytic shift. We hypothesized that this shift benefits the virus rather than the host and that inhibition of glycolysis would improve infection outcomes. A/WSN/33 IAV-inoculated C57BL/6 mice were treated daily from 1 day post-inoculation (d.p.i.) with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) to inhibit glycolysis and with the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) to promote flux through the TCA cycle. To block OXPHOS, mice were treated every other day from 1 d.p.i. with the Complex I inhibitor rotenone (ROT). 2-DG significantly decreased nocturnal activity, reduced respiratory exchange ratios, worsened hypoxemia, exacerbated lung dysfunction, and increased humoral inflammation at 6 d.p.i. DCA and ROT treatment normalized oxygenation and airway resistance and attenuated IAV-induced pulmonary edema, histopathology, and nitrotyrosine formation. None of the treatments altered viral replication. These data suggest that a shift to glycolysis is host-protective in influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Nolan
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Priyanka Karekar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew M Nelson
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lauren M Doolittle
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lucia E Rosas
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Judy M Hickman-Davis
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ian C Davis
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes seasonal epidemics annually and pandemics every few decades. Most antiviral treatments used for IAV are only effective if administered during the first 48 h of infection and antiviral resistance is possible. Therapies that can be initiated later during IAV infection and that are less likely to elicit resistance will significantly improve treatment options. Pyruvate, a key metabolite, and an end product of glycolysis, has been studied for many uses, including its anti-inflammatory capabilities. Sodium pyruvate was recently shown by us to decrease inflammasome activation during IAV infection. Here, we investigated sodium pyruvate’s effects on IAV in vivo. We found that nebulizing mice with sodium pyruvate decreased morbidity and weight loss during infection. Additionally, treated mice consumed more chow during infection, indicating improved symptoms. There were notable improvements in pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β) and lower virus titers on day 7 post-infection in mice treated with sodium pyruvate compared to control animals. As pyruvate acts on the host immune response and metabolic pathways and not directly on the virus, our data demonstrate that sodium pyruvate is a promising treatment option that is safe, effective, and unlikely to elicit antiviral resistance.
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Abstract
The novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus. Because of the novelty of the COVID-19 pandemic, few data are available on the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 on the different endocrine glands. Previous studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have shown a harmful effect on endocrine function. Notably, the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor, which is the entry route of coronaviruses to the host cell, is widely expressed in the endocrine organs including testis, endocrine pancreas, thyroid, and adrenal, and pituitary glands. Clinical and biochemical manifestations have been recorded in COVID-19 patients resulting in changes in endocrine activities, which were also recorded during the SARS outbreak in 2003. This review aims to explore the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the function of endocrine glands, based on the latest research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hosni
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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47
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Abramczyk U, Kuzan A. What Every Diabetologist Should Know about SARS-CoV-2: State of Knowledge at the Beginning of 2021. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1022. [PMID: 33801468 PMCID: PMC7958842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For almost a year, the major medical problem has been the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. People with diabetes who contract COVID-19 are likely to experience more serious symptoms than patients without diabetes. This article presents new research about the epidemiology of COVID-19 in a group of patients with diabetes. It details the mortality and prognosis in such patients, as well as the relationship between COVID-19 and the diseases most often coexisting with diabetes: obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and increased risk for infection. It also details how the virus infects and affects patients with hyperglycemia. The context of glycation and receptors for advanced glycation products (RAGE) seems to be of particular importance here. We also present a hypothesis related to the cause-and-effect axis-it turns out that diabetes can be both the cause of the more difficult course of COVID-19 and the result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The last part of this article discusses the impact of antihyperglycemic drugs on the development of COVID-19 and other pharmacological implications, including which non-classical antihyperglycemic drugs seem to be effective in both the treatment of coronavirus infection and glucose homeostasis, and what strategies related to RAGE and glycation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Abramczyk
- A. Falkiewicz Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 52-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kuzan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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48
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Manciuc C, Nemescu D, Vata A, Lacatusu GA. SARS-CoV-2 infection and diabetes mellitus: A North Eastern Romanian experience. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:279. [PMID: 33603886 PMCID: PMC7851682 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As it spread globally, the new SARS-CoV-2 virus was first confirmed in Romania in February 2020, inevitably infecting individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) along the way. Diabetes is known to affect the response of the body to pathogens and, according to studies conducted in the last 3 months, it appears that diabetic patients are at a higher risk for developing severe forms of the disease and multiple complications. We performed a retrospective study in order to assess the patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and DM admitted to 'Sf. Parascheva' Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases from March 4th until June 30th, 2020. Of the total 1,080 patients admitted during this period, 85 patients (7.87%) had underlying DM, mostly type 2 (82 cases, 96.46%); the mean age of these patients was 62, and 42 were men (49.41%). Chest CTs revealed indicative SARS-CoV-2 images for all patients and their treatment included individually tailored administration of hydroxychloroquine/lopinavir + ritonavir/enoxaparin sodium/tocilizumab/antibiotherapy according to the then national and international guidelines. In total, 70 patients (82.35%) were cured and 15 succumbed to MODS and/or associated neoplasia, bringing the fatality rate to 17.64%. Although advanced age and DM have been associated with aggravated forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, over 80% of the patients included in the present study were cured. Nonetheless, diabetes appears to be a significant predictor of morbidity and mortality in the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Manciuc
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Grigore T. Popa’, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Nemescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Grigore T. Popa’, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Vata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Grigore T. Popa’, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Georgiana Alexandra Lacatusu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ‘Sf. Parascheva’ Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania
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49
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Chávez-Reyes J, Escárcega-González CE, Chavira-Suárez E, León-Buitimea A, Vázquez-León P, Morones-Ramírez JR, Villalón CM, Quintanar-Stephano A, Marichal-Cancino BA. Susceptibility for Some Infectious Diseases in Patients With Diabetes: The Key Role of Glycemia. Front Public Health 2021; 9:559595. [PMID: 33665182 PMCID: PMC7921169 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.559595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled diabetes results in several metabolic alterations including hyperglycemia. Indeed, several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that this condition may induce susceptibility and the development of more aggressive infectious diseases, especially those caused by some bacteria (including Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, among others) and viruses [such as coronavirus 2 (CoV2), Influenza A virus, Hepatitis B, etc.]. Although the precise mechanisms that link glycemia to the exacerbated infections remain elusive, hyperglycemia is known to induce a wide array of changes in the immune system activity, including alterations in: (i) the microenvironment of immune cells (e.g., pH, blood viscosity and other biochemical parameters); (ii) the supply of energy to infectious bacteria; (iii) the inflammatory response; and (iv) oxidative stress as a result of bacterial proliferative metabolism. Consistent with this evidence, some bacterial infections are typical (and/or have a worse prognosis) in patients with hypercaloric diets and a stressful lifestyle (conditions that promote hyperglycemic episodes). On this basis, the present review is particularly focused on: (i) the role of diabetes in the development of some bacterial and viral infections by analyzing preclinical and clinical findings; (ii) discussing the possible mechanisms by which hyperglycemia may increase the susceptibility for developing infections; and (iii) further understanding the impact of hyperglycemia on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Carlos E Escárcega-González
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Erika Chavira-Suárez
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel León-Buitimea
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Priscila Vázquez-León
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - José R Morones-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Carlos M Villalón
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Coapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Quintanar-Stephano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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50
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Sumbria D, Berber E, Mathayan M, Rouse BT. Virus Infections and Host Metabolism-Can We Manage the Interactions? Front Immunol 2021; 11:594963. [PMID: 33613518 PMCID: PMC7887310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When viruses infect cells, they almost invariably cause metabolic changes in the infected cell as well as in several host cell types that react to the infection. Such metabolic changes provide potential targets for therapeutic approaches that could reduce the impact of infection. Several examples are discussed in this review, which include effects on energy metabolism, glutaminolysis and fatty acid metabolism. The response of the immune system also involves metabolic changes and manipulating these may change the outcome of infection. This could include changing the status of herpesviruses infections from productive to latency. The consequences of viral infections which include coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may also differ in patients with metabolic problems, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and endocrine diseases. Nutrition status may also affect the pattern of events following viral infection and examples that impact on the pattern of human and experimental animal viral diseases and the mechanisms involved are discussed. Finally, we discuss the so far few published reports that have manipulated metabolic events in-vivo to change the outcome of virus infection. The topic is expected to expand in relevance as an approach used alone or in combination with other therapies to shape the nature of virus induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sumbria
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Engin Berber
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Manikannan Mathayan
- Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Barry T Rouse
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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