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Morya AK, Ramesh PV, Nishant P, Kaur K, Gurnani B, Heda A, Salodia S. Diabetic retinopathy: A review on its pathophysiology and novel treatment modalities. World J Methodol 2024; 14:95881. [DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic non-communicable disease with the ability to cause serious microvascular and macrovascular complications throughout the body, including in the eye. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), present in one-third of patients with diabetes, is a vision-threatening complication caused by uncontrolled diabetes, which greatly affects the retinal blood vessels and the light-sensitive inner retina, eventually leading to blindness. Several epidemiological studies elucidate that DR can vary by age of onset, duration, types of diabetes, and ethnicity. Recent studies show that the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy has spread its roots beyond merely being the result of hyperglycemia. The complexity of its etiopathology and diagnosis makes therapeutic intervention challenging. This review throws light on the pathological processes behind DR, the cascade of events that follow it, as well as the available and emerging treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Morya
- Head of the Department, Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 508126, Telangana, India
| | - Prasanna Venkatesh Ramesh
- Glaucoma Medical Officer, Department of Glaucoma and Research, Mahathma Eye Hospital Private Limited, Trichy 620017, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prateek Nishant
- Department of Ophthalmology, ESIC Medical College, Patna 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Gomabai Netralaya and Research Centre, Neemuch 458441, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bharat Gurnani
- Cornea and Refractive Services, Gomabai Netralaya and Research Centre, Neemuch 458441, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aarti Heda
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Institute of Ophthalmology, Pune 411000, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarika Salodia
- Global Medical Safety, Lundbeck, Singapore 569933, Singapore, Singapore
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Tang H, Zhou Q, Li H, Song E. FTY720 Suppresses Pathogenic Retinal Müller Cell Activation and Chronic Progression by Inhibiting the mTOR/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Regulating Autophagy. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:862-871. [PMID: 38577836 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2337301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE FTY720 is an agonist of the Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1, 3, 4, and 5 and a functional antagonist of the S1P1 receptor; it can inhibit the activation of mTOR/NF-κB and has therapeutic potential in inflammatory disease. This study was designed to determine the role of the inflammatory process in diabetic retinopathy and investigate the effect of FTY720 on high glucose (HG)-induced rat retinal Müller cells (rMC-1 cells). METHODS In the present study, the role of FTY720 in inhibiting inflammation and its underlying mechanism were investigated. rMC-1 cells were treated without or with HG, FTY720, CQ, or RAP. Cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay; cell activation was assessed by western blot analysis and IF staining; and cell migration was evaluated by a scratch wound healing assay. The expression of inflammation-associated proteins and autophagy-related proteins was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, AO staining, MDC-labeled autophagic vacuoles, western blot analysis and ELISA. RESULTS Western blot analysis and IF staining showed that the level of the rMC-1 cell marker GFAP was decreased, while GS was increased in FTY720 groups compared to that in the HG group. The healing assay results showed that compared with HG treatment, FTY720 treatment significantly reduced cell migration. Western blot analysis, ELISA and IF staining showed that compared with HG, FTY720 reduced proinflammatory proteins by inhibiting the mechanistic target of the mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway and regulating autophagy. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that in an HG-induced rMC-1 cell model, FTY720 significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting mTOR/NF-κB signaling and regulating autophagy. These findings were associated with a decrease in rMC-1 cell injury, suggesting that FTY720 or related compounds may be valuable modulators of HG-induced retinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzhou Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzhou Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - E Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Gad MS, Elsherbiny NM, El-Bassouny DR, Omar NM, Mahmoud SM, Al-Shabrawey M, Tawfik A. Exploring the role of Müller cells-derived exosomes in diabetic retinopathy. Microvasc Res 2024; 154:104695. [PMID: 38723843 PMCID: PMC11180575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized vesicles that have been reported as cargo-delivering vehicles between cells. Müller cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Activated Müller cells in the diabetic retina mediate disruption of barrier integrity and neovascularization. Endothelial cells constitute the inner blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Herein, we aim to evaluate the effect of Müller cell-derived exosomes on endothelial cell viability and barrier function under normal and hyperglycemic conditions. Müller cell-derived exosomes were isolated and characterized using Western blotting, nanoparticle tracking, and electron microscopy. The uptake of Müller cells-derived exosomes by the human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) was monitored by labeling exosomes with PKH67. Endothelial cell vitality after treatment by exosomes under normo- and hypoglycemic conditions was checked by MTT assay and Western blot for apoptotic proteins. The barrier function of HRECs was evaluated by analysis of ZO-1 and transcellular electrical resistance (TER) using ECIS. Additionally, intracellular Ca+2 in HRECs was assessed by spectrofluorimetry. Analysis of the isolated exosomes showed a non-significant change in the number of exosomes isolated from both normal and hyperglycemic condition media, however, the average size of exosomes isolated from the hyperglycemic group showed a significant rise when compared to that of the normoglycemic group. Müller cells derived exosomes from hyperglycemic condition media markedly reduced HRECs cell count, increased caspase-3 and Annexin V, decreased ZO-1 levels and TER, and increased intracellular Ca+ when compared to other groups. However, treatment of HRECs under hyperglycemia with normo-glycemic Müller cells-derived exosomes significantly decreased cell death, preserved cellular integrity and barrier function, and reduced intracellular Ca+2. Collectively, Müller cell-derived exosomes play a remarkable role in the pathological changes associated with hyperglycemia-induced inner barrier dysfunction in DR. Further in vivo research will help in understanding the role of exosomes as therapeutic targets and/or delivery systems for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Gad
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4479, USA; Eye Research Center (OUWB)/ERC, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI 48309-4479, USA; Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dalia R El-Bassouny
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Nesreen M Omar
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Safinaz M Mahmoud
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4479, USA; Eye Research Center (OUWB)/ERC, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI 48309-4479, USA.
| | - Amany Tawfik
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4479, USA; Eye Research Center (OUWB)/ERC, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI 48309-4479, USA.
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Elahi R, Nazari M, Mohammadi V, Esmaeilzadeh K, Esmaeilzadeh A. IL-17 in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) immunopathogenesis and complications; molecular approaches. Mol Immunol 2024; 171:66-76. [PMID: 38795686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has long been considered the characteristic feature of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Immunopathogenesis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are considered the central drivers of the inflammatory cascade leading to β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR), two major pathologic events contributing to T2DM. Analyzing the cytokine profile of T2DM patients has also introduced interleukin-17 (IL-17) as an upstream regulator of inflammation, regarding its role in inducing the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In diabetic tissues, IL-17 induces the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Hence, IL-17 can deteriorate insulin signaling and β-cell function by activating the JNK pathway and inducing infiltration of neutrophils into pancreatic islets, respectively. Additionally, higher levels of IL-17 expression in patients with diabetic complications compared to non-complicated individuals have also proposed a role for IL-17 in T2DM complications. Here, we highlight the role of IL-17 in the Immunopathogenesis of T2DM and corresponding pathways, recent advances in preclinical and clinical studies targeting IL-17 in T2DM, and corresponding challenges and possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Elahi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahdis Nazari
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Vahid Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Kimia Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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Lebon C, Malaise D, Rimbert N, Billet M, Ramasamy G, Villaret J, Pouzoulet F, Matet A, Behar-Cohen F. Role of inflammation in a rat model of radiation retinopathy. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:162. [PMID: 38915029 PMCID: PMC11197380 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation retinopathy (RR) is a major side effect of ocular tumor treatment by plaque brachytherapy or proton beam therapy. RR manifests as delayed and progressive microvasculopathy, ischemia and macular edema, ultimately leading to vision loss, neovascular glaucoma, and, in extreme cases, secondary enucleation. Intravitreal anti-VEGF agents, steroids and laser photocoagulation have limited effects on RR. The role of retinal inflammation and its contribution to the microvascular damage occurring in RR remain incompletely understood. To explore cellular and vascular events after irradiation, we analyzed their time course at 1 week, 1 month and 6 months after rat eyes received 45 Gy X-beam photons. Müller glial cells, astrocytes and microglia were rapidly activated, and these markers of retinal inflammation persisted for 6 months after irradiation. This was accompanied by early cell death in the outer retina, which persisted at later time points, leading to retinal thinning. A delayed loss of small retinal capillaries and retinal hypoxia were observed after 6 months, indicating inner blood‒retinal barrier (BRB) alteration but without cell death in the inner retina. Moreover, activated microglial cells invaded the entire retina and surrounded retinal vessels, suggesting the role of inflammation in vascular alteration and in retinal cell death. Radiation also triggered early and persistent invasion of the retinal pigment epithelium by microglia and macrophages, contributing to outer BRB disruption. This study highlights the role of progressive and long-lasting inflammatory mechanisms in RR development and demonstrates the relevance of this rat model to investigate human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Lebon
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations, 15 rue de l'école de Médecine, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Denis Malaise
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations, 15 rue de l'école de Médecine, Paris, 75006, France
- Ocular Oncology Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Nicolas Rimbert
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations, 15 rue de l'école de Médecine, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Manon Billet
- Translational Research Department, Experimental Radiotherapy Platform, Institut Curie, Université Paris Saclay, 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau, Orsay, 91400, France
| | - Gabriel Ramasamy
- Translational Research Department, Experimental Radiotherapy Platform, Institut Curie, Université Paris Saclay, 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau, Orsay, 91400, France
| | - Jérémie Villaret
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, 75012, France
- Centre Rétine Gallien, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Frédéric Pouzoulet
- Translational Research Department, Experimental Radiotherapy Platform, Institut Curie, Université Paris Saclay, 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau, Orsay, 91400, France
| | - Alexandre Matet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations, 15 rue de l'école de Médecine, Paris, 75006, France.
- Ocular Oncology Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, 75005, France.
- Université Paris Cité, 15 rue de l'école de Médecine, Paris, 75006, France.
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations, 15 rue de l'école de Médecine, Paris, 75006, France.
- Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Ophtalmopole, Paris, 75014, France.
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Li N, Gao S, Gao S, Wang Y, Huang H, Wang J, Shen X. Knockdown of thioredoxin interacting protein in Müller cells attenuates photoreceptor apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132731. [PMID: 38815945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We explored the effect of inhibition of thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip) on neuroprotection in Müller cells under high glucose. Wild-type (WT) and Txnip knockout (Txnip-/-) mice were used to establish a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes model and a Müller cells high glucose model. We detected BDNF expression and PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway activation levels in the retina and Müller cells of each group in vivo and in vitro experiments. The Txnip-/- STZ group showed higher expression of BDNF and phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/CREB in retina, and less retinal photoreceptor apoptosis was observed in Txnip-/- diabetic group than in WT. After using an inhibitor of PI3K signaling pathway, BDNF expression was reduced; In vitro co-cultured with Müller cells in different groups, 661 W cells showed different situations, Txnip-/- Müller cells maximum downregulated Cleaved-caspase 3 expression in 661 W, accompanied by an increase in Bcl-2/Bax ratio. These findings indicate that inhibiting endogenous Txnip in mouse Müller cells can promote their expression and secretion of BDNF, thereby reducing HG induced photoreceptor apoptosis and having important neuroprotective effects on DR. The regulation of BDNF expression by Txnip may be achieved by activating the PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway. This study suggests that regulating Txnip may be a potential target for DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanuo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanwen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yang X, Wu X. The impact of sestrin2 on reactive oxygen species in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4024. [PMID: 38666564 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant complication of diabetes that often leads to blindness, impacting Müller cells, the primary retinal macroglia involved in DR pathogenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the development of DR. The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of sestrin2 in DR using a high-glucose (HG)-induced Müller cell model and assessing cell proliferation with 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling. Following this, sestrin2 was upregulated in Müller cells to investigate its effects on ROS, tube formation, and inflammation both in vitro and in vivo, as well as its interaction with the nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. The findings demonstrated a gradual increase in the number of EdU-positive cells over time, with a subsequent decrease after 72 h of exposure to high glucose levels. Additionally, the expression of sestrin2 exhibited a progressive increase over time, followed by a decrease at 72 h. The rh-sestrin2 treatment suppressed the injury of Müller cells, decreased ROS level, and inhibited the tube formation. Rh-sestrin2 treatment enhanced the expression of sestrin2, Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and glutamine synthetase (GS); however, the ML385 treatment reversed the protective effect of rh-sestrin2. Finally, we evaluated the effect of sestrin2 in a DR rat model. Sestrin2 overexpression treatment improved the pathological injury of retina and attenuated the oxidative damage and inflammatory reaction. Our results highlighted the inhibitory effect of sestrin2 in the damage of retina, thus presenting a novel therapeutic sight for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, YanTaiShan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan, China
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Gao S, Li N, Lin Z, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Shen X. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 under hypoxia alleviates photoreceptor apoptosis via inducing autophagy in Müller glia. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23671. [PMID: 38752538 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301922rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome activation has emerged as a critical initiator of inflammatory response in ischemic retinopathy. Here, we identified the effect of a potent, selective NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, on autophagy and apoptosis under hypoxia. Neonatal mice were exposed to hyperoxia for 5 days to establish oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. Intravitreal injection of MCC950 was given, and then autophagy and apoptosis markers were assessed. Retinal autophagy, apoptosis, and related pathways were evaluated by western blot, immunofluorescent labeling, transmission electron microscopy, and TUNEL assay. Autophagic activity in Müller glia after NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition, together with its influence on photoreceptor death, was studied using western blot, immunofluorescence staining, mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus transfection, cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis assays. Results showed that activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in Müller glia was detected in OIR model. MCC950 could improve impaired retinal autophagic flux and attenuate retinal apoptosis while it regulated the retinal AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 pathway. Suppressed autophagy and depressed proliferation capacity resulting from hypoxia was promoted after MCC950 treatment in Müller glia. Inhibition of AMPK and ULK-1 pathway significantly interfered with the MCC950-induced autophagy activity, indicating MCC950 positively modulated autophagy through AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 pathway in Müller cells. Furthermore, blockage of autophagy in Müller glia significantly induced apoptosis in the cocultured 661W photoreceptor cells, whereas MCC950 markedly preserved the density of photoreceptor cells. These findings substantiated the therapeutic potential of MCC950 against impaired autophagy and subsequent apoptosis under hypoxia. Such protective effect might involve the modulation of AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 pathway. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome in Müller glia could be beneficial for photoreceptor survival under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanuo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tang Q, Buonfiglio F, Böhm EW, Zhang L, Pfeiffer N, Korb CA, Gericke A. Diabetic Retinopathy: New Treatment Approaches Targeting Redox and Immune Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:594. [PMID: 38790699 PMCID: PMC11117924 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) represents a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by irreversible visual impairment resulting from microvascular abnormalities. Since the global prevalence of diabetes continues to escalate, DR has emerged as a prominent area of research interest. The development and progression of DR encompass a complex interplay of pathological and physiological mechanisms, such as high glucose-induced oxidative stress, immune responses, vascular endothelial dysfunction, as well as damage to retinal neurons. Recent years have unveiled the involvement of genomic and epigenetic factors in the formation of DR mechanisms. At present, extensive research explores the potential of biomarkers such as cytokines, molecular and cell therapies, antioxidant interventions, and gene therapy for DR treatment. Notably, certain drugs, such as anti-VEGF agents, antioxidants, inhibitors of inflammatory responses, and protein kinase C (PKC)-β inhibitors, have demonstrated promising outcomes in clinical trials. Within this context, this review article aims to introduce the recent molecular research on DR and highlight the current progress in the field, with a particular focus on the emerging and experimental treatment strategies targeting the immune and redox signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (F.B.); (E.W.B.); (L.Z.); (N.P.); (C.A.K.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (F.B.); (E.W.B.); (L.Z.); (N.P.); (C.A.K.)
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Deng X, Mo Y, Zhu X. Deciphering Müller cell heterogeneity signatures in diabetic retinopathy across species: an integrative single-cell analysis. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:265. [PMID: 38698486 PMCID: PMC11067085 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of visual impairment, demands a profound comprehension of its cellular mechanisms to formulate effective therapeutic strategies. Our study presentes a comprehensive single-cell analysis elucidating the intricate landscape of Müller cells within DR, emphasizing their nuanced involvement. Utilizing scRNA-seq data from both Sprague-Dawley rat models and human patients, we delineated distinct Müller cell clusters and their corresponding gene expression profiles. These findings were further validated through differential gene expression analysis utilizing human transcriptomic data. Notably, certain Müller cell clusters displayed upregulation of the Rho gene, implying a phagocytic response to damaged photoreceptors within the DR microenvironment. This phenomenon was consistently observed across species. Additionally, the co-expression patterns of RHO and PDE6G within Müller cell clusters provided compelling evidence supporting their potential role in maintaining retinal integrity during DR. Our results offer novel insights into the cellular dynamics of DR and underscore Müller cells as promising therapeutic targets for preserving vision in retinal disorders induced by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Deng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Mo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiuying Zhu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Sakai Y, Yamada M, Watanabe T, Yamazaki A, Furukawa M, Izumo N, Matsuzaki H. Eurycomanone from Eurycoma longifolia Jack upregulates neurotrophin-3 gene expression in retinal Müller cells in vitro. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:199-206. [PMID: 38799139 PMCID: PMC11111470 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor degeneration decreases light sensitivity and leads to vision loss and various retinal diseases. Neurotrophin-3, originating from Müller glial cells in the retina, plays a key role in protecting photoreceptors from damage induced by light or hypoxia. This neuroprotective approach is important because there are no established methods to regenerate lost photoreceptors. Dietary supplements are one of the useful methods for improving eye health. Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia) Jack, which is native to the tropical forest of Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries, exhibits several medicinal properties. In the present study, we demonstrated that the water extract of E. longifolia roots enhanced neurotrophin-3 gene expression in primary rat Müller cells. Using a stepwise bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of E. longifolia root extracts, we isolated the active compound underlying neurotrophin-3 gene-enhancing activities. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data identified the compound as eurycomanone. This study provides evidence for the efficacy of E. longifolia and eurycomanone in enhancing neurotrophin-3 expression in Müller cells in vitro. Although the biological significance of this effect and its underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated, this study suggests that E. longifolia may be promising for improving eye health and must be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Sakai
- General Health Medical Research Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Activities, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yamada
- Research Institute, FANCL Corporation, 12-13 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Watanabe
- General Health Medical Research Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamazaki
- Research Institute, FANCL Corporation, 12-13 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan
| | - Megumi Furukawa
- Department of Functional Brain Activities, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Education Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
| | - Nobuo Izumo
- General Health Medical Research Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuzaki
- Department of Functional Brain Activities, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
- Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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12
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Hein M, Qambari H, An D, Balaratnasingam C. Current understanding of subclinical diabetic retinopathy informed by histology and high-resolution in vivo imaging. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:464-484. [PMID: 38363022 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The escalating incidence of diabetes mellitus has amplified the global impact of diabetic retinopathy. There are known structural and functional changes in the diabetic retina that precede the fundus photography abnormalities which currently are used to diagnose clinical diabetic retinopathy. Understanding these subclinical alterations is important for effective disease management. Histology and high-resolution clinical imaging reveal that the entire neurovascular unit, comprised of retinal vasculature, neurons and glial cells, is affected in subclinical disease. Early functional manifestations are seen in the form of blood flow and electroretinography disturbances. Structurally, there are alterations in the cellular components of vasculature, glia and the neuronal network. On clinical imaging, changes to vessel density and thickness of neuronal layers are observed. How these subclinical disturbances interact and ultimately manifest as clinical disease remains elusive. However, this knowledge reveals potential early therapeutic targets and the need for imaging modalities that can detect subclinical changes in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hein
- Physiology and Pharmacology Group, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hassanain Qambari
- Physiology and Pharmacology Group, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dong An
- Physiology and Pharmacology Group, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam
- Physiology and Pharmacology Group, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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Moustafa M, Khalil A, Darwish NHE, Zhang DQ, Tawfik A, Al-Shabrawey M. 12-HETE activates Müller glial cells: The potential role of GPR31 and miR-29. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 171:106805. [PMID: 38141777 PMCID: PMC10939904 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a neurovascular complication of diabetes, driven by an intricate network of cellular and molecular mechanisms. This study sought to explore the mechanisms by investigating the role of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), its receptor GPR31, and microRNA (miR-29) in the context of DR, specifically focusing on their impact on Müller glial cells. We found that 12-HETE activates Müller cells (MCs), elevates glutamate production, and induces inflammatory and oxidative responses, all of which are instrumental in DR progression. The expression of GPR31, the receptor for 12-HETE, was prominently found in the retina, especially in MCs and retinal ganglion cells, and was upregulated in diabetes. Interestingly, miR29 showed potential as a protective agent, mitigating the harmful effects of 12-HETE by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress, and restoring the expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). Our results underline the central role of 12-HETE in DR progression through activation of a neurovascular toxic pathway in MCs and illuminate the protective capabilities of miR-29, highlighting both as promising therapeutic targets for the management of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Moustafa
- Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine (OUWB-SOM), Rochester, MI, USA; Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA; Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, USA
| | - Abraham Khalil
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Noureldien H E Darwish
- Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine (OUWB-SOM), Rochester, MI, USA; Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA; Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura College of Medicine, Mansoura University-Egypt
| | - Dao-Qi Zhang
- Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine (OUWB-SOM), Rochester, MI, USA; Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA; Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, USA
| | - Amany Tawfik
- Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine (OUWB-SOM), Rochester, MI, USA; Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA; Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine (OUWB-SOM), Rochester, MI, USA; Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA; Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, USA.
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14
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Liu L, Jiang Y, Al-Shabrawey M, Ren X, Wang S, Steinle JJ. EphB1 causes retinal damage through inflammatory pathways in the retina and retinal Müller cells. Mol Vis 2024; 30:167-174. [PMID: 38601015 PMCID: PMC11006007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine whether increased ephrin type-B receptor 1 (EphB1) leads to inflammatory mediators in retinal Müller cells. Methods Diabetic human and mouse retinal samples were examined for EphB1 protein levels. Rat Müller cells (rMC-1) were grown in culture and treated with EphB1 siRNA or ephrin B1-Fc to explore inflammatory mediators in cells grown in high glucose. An EphB1 overexpression adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to increase EphB1 in Müller cells in vivo. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) was performed on mice treated with the EphB1 overexpression AAV to explore the actions of EphB1 on retinal neuronal changes in vivo. Results EphB1 protein levels were increased in diabetic human and mouse retinal samples. Knockdown of EphB1 reduced inflammatory mediator levels in Müller cells grown in high glucose. Ephrin B1-Fc increased inflammatory proteins in rMC-1 cells grown in normal and high glucose. Treatment of mice with I/R caused retinal thinning and loss of cell numbers in the ganglion cell layer. This was increased in mice exposed to I/R and treated with the EphB1 overexpressing AAVs. Conclusions EphB1 is increased in the retinas of diabetic humans and mice and in high glucose-treated Müller cells. This increase leads to inflammatory proteins. EphB1 also enhanced retinal damage in response to I/R. Taken together, inhibition of EphB1 may offer a new therapeutic option for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Youde Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Eye Research Center and Institute, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine (OUWB-SOM), Oakland University, Oakland, MI
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, OUWB-SOM, Oakland University, CA
| | - Xiaobai Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jena J Steinle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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15
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McCurry CM, Sunilkumar S, Subrahmanian SM, Yerlikaya EI, Toro AL, VanCleave AM, Stevens SA, Barber AJ, Sundstrom JM, Dennis MD. NLRP3 Inflammasome Priming in the Retina of Diabetic Mice Requires REDD1-Dependent Activation of GSK3β. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:34. [PMID: 38546584 PMCID: PMC10981446 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inflammasome activation has been implicated in the development of retinal complications caused by diabetes. This study was designed to identify signaling events that promote retinal NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in response to diabetes. Methods Diabetes was induced in mice by streptozotocin administration. Retinas were examined after 16 weeks of diabetes. Human MIO-M1 Müller cells were exposed to hyperglycemic culture conditions. Genetic and pharmacological interventions were used to interrogate signaling pathways. Visual function was assessed in mice using a virtual optomotor system. Results In the retina of diabetic mice and in Müller cell cultures, NLRP3 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were increased in response to hyperglycemic conditions and the stress response protein Regulated in Development and DNA damage 1 (REDD1) was required for the effect. REDD1 deletion prevented caspase-1 activation in Müller cells exposed to hyperglycemic conditions and reduced IL-1β release. REDD1 promoted nuclear factor κB signaling in cells exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, which was necessary for an increase in NLRP3. Expression of a constitutively active GSK3β variant restored NLRP3 expression in REDD1-deficient cells exposed to hyperglycemic conditions. GSK3 activity was necessary for increased NLRP3 expression in the retina of diabetic mice and in cells exposed to hyperglycemic conditions. Müller glia-specific REDD1 deletion prevented increased retinal NLRP3 levels and deficits in contrast sensitivity in diabetic mice. Conclusions The data support a role for REDD1-dependent activation of GSK3β in NLRP3 inflammasome transcriptional priming and in the production of IL-1β by Müller glia in response to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. McCurry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Siddharth Sunilkumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sandeep M. Subrahmanian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Esma I. Yerlikaya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Allyson L. Toro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ashley M. VanCleave
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shaunaci A. Stevens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alistair J. Barber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jeffery M. Sundstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael D. Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
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16
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Qiu J, Wu J, Chen W, Ruan Y, Mao J, Li S, Tang X, Zhao L, Li S, Li K, Liu D, Duan Y. NOD1 deficiency ameliorates the progression of diabetic retinopathy by modulating bone marrow-retina crosstalk. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:38. [PMID: 38336763 PMCID: PMC10858517 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) plays a pivotal role in inducing metabolic inflammation in diabetes. Additionally, the NOD1 ligand disrupts the equilibrium of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, a process that has immense significance in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We hypothesized that NOD1 depletion impedes the advancement of DR by resolving bone marrow dysfunction. METHODS We generated NOD1-/--Akita double-mutant mice and chimeric mice with hematopoietic-specific NOD1 depletion to study the role of NOD1 in the bone marrow-retina axis. RESULTS Elevated circulating NOD1 activators were observed in Akita mice after 6 months of diabetes. NOD1 depletion partially restored diabetes-induced structural changes and retinal electrical responses in NOD1-/--Akita mice. Loss of NOD1 significantly ameliorated the progression of diabetic retinal vascular degeneration, as determined by acellular capillary quantification. The preventive effect of NOD1 depletion on DR is linked to bone marrow phenotype alterations, including a restored HSC pool and a shift in hematopoiesis toward myelopoiesis. We also generated chimeric mice with hematopoietic-specific NOD1 ablation, and the results further indicated that NOD1 had a protective effect against DR. Mechanistically, loss of hematopoietic NOD1 resulted in reduced bone marrow-derived macrophage infiltration and decreased CXCL1 and CXCL2 secretion within the retina, subsequently leading to diminished neutrophil chemoattraction and NETosis. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study unveil, for the first time, the critical role of NOD1 as a trigger for a hematopoietic imbalance toward myelopoiesis and local retinal inflammation, culminating in DR progression. Targeting NOD1 in bone marrow may be a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Ruan
- Division of Growth, Development and Mental Health of Children and Adolescence, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingning Mao
- Health Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shue Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqian Duan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Anderson A, Alfahad N, Wimalachandra D, Bouzinab K, Rudzinska P, Wood H, Fazey I, Xu H, Lyons TJ, Barnes NM, Narendran P, Lord JM, Rauz S, Ganley IG, Curtis TM, Wallace GR, Hombrebueno JR. Relaxation of mitochondrial hyperfusion in the diabetic retina via N6-furfuryladenosine confers neuroprotection regardless of glycaemic status. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1124. [PMID: 38321058 PMCID: PMC10847490 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The recovery of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) may bring innovative solutions for neuroprotection, while imposing a significant challenge given the need of holistic approaches to restore mitochondrial dynamics (fusion/fission) and turnover (mitophagy and biogenesis). In diabetic retinopathy, this is compounded by our lack of understanding of human retinal neurodegeneration, but also how MQC processes interact during disease progression. Here, we show that mitochondria hyperfusion is characteristic of retinal neurodegeneration in human and murine diabetes, blunting the homeostatic turnover of mitochondria and causing metabolic and neuro-inflammatory stress. By mimicking this mitochondrial remodelling in vitro, we ascertain that N6-furfuryladenosine enhances mitochondrial turnover and bioenergetics by relaxing hyperfusion in a controlled fashion. Oral administration of N6-furfuryladenosine enhances mitochondrial turnover in the diabetic mouse retina (Ins2Akita males), improving clinical correlates and conferring neuroprotection regardless of glycaemic status. Our findings provide translational insights for neuroprotection in the diabetic retina through the holistic recovery of MQC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Anderson
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nada Alfahad
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Kaouthar Bouzinab
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paula Rudzinska
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Heather Wood
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Isabel Fazey
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Heping Xu
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Timothy J Lyons
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Diabetes Free South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Nicholas M Barnes
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Parth Narendran
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Saaeha Rauz
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham & Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian G Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tim M Curtis
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Graham R Wallace
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jose R Hombrebueno
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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18
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Fernández-Albarral JA, Ramírez AI, de Hoz R, Matamoros JA, Salobrar-García E, Elvira-Hurtado L, López-Cuenca I, Sánchez-Puebla L, Salazar JJ, Ramírez JM. Glaucoma: from pathogenic mechanisms to retinal glial cell response to damage. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1354569. [PMID: 38333055 PMCID: PMC10850296 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1354569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the retina characterized by the irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leading to visual loss. Degeneration of RGCs and loss of their axons, as well as damage and remodeling of the lamina cribrosa are the main events in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Different molecular pathways are involved in RGC death, which are triggered and exacerbated as a consequence of a number of risk factors such as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age, ocular biomechanics, or low ocular perfusion pressure. Increased IOP is one of the most important risk factors associated with this pathology and the only one for which treatment is currently available, nevertheless, on many cases the progression of the disease continues, despite IOP control. Thus, the IOP elevation is not the only trigger of glaucomatous damage, showing the evidence that other factors can induce RGCs death in this pathology, would be involved in the advance of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms driving the neurodegenerative process in glaucoma include ischemia/hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In glaucoma, like as other neurodegenerative disorders, the immune system is involved and immunoregulation is conducted mainly by glial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and Müller cells. The increase in IOP produces the activation of glial cells in the retinal tissue. Chronic activation of glial cells in glaucoma may provoke a proinflammatory state at the retinal level inducing blood retinal barrier disruption and RGCs death. The modulation of the immune response in glaucoma as well as the activation of glial cells constitute an interesting new approach in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Fernández-Albarral
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Ramírez
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Matamoros
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Elvira-Hurtado
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López-Cuenca
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Puebla
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Salazar
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ramírez
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Bian J, Ge W, Jiang Z. miR-26a-5p Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy through the USP14/NF- κB Signaling Pathway. J Ophthalmol 2024; 2024:1470898. [PMID: 38282961 PMCID: PMC10817816 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1470898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an ocular disease caused by diabetes and may lead to vision impairment and even blindness. Oxidative stress and inflammation are two key pathogenic factors of DR. Recently, regulatory roles of different microRNAs (miRNAs) in DR have been widely verified. miR-26a-5p has been confirmed to be a potential biomarker of DR. Nevertheless, the specific functions of miR-26a-5p in DR are still unclear. Methods Primary cultured mouse retinal Müller cells in exposure to high glucose (HG) were used to establish an in vitro DR model. Müller cells were identified via morphology observation under phase contrast microscope and fluorescence staining for glutamine synthetase. The in vivo animal models for DR were constructed using streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Western blotting was performed to quantify cytochrome c protein level in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of Müller cells and to measure protein levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14), as well as factors associated with NF-κB signaling (p-IκBα, IκBα, p-p65, and p65) in Müller cells or murine retinal tissues. ROS production was detected by CM-H2DCFDA staining, and the concentration of oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, and CAT) was estimated by using corresponding commercial kits. Quantification of mRNA expression was conducted by RT-qPCR analysis. The concentration of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) was evaluated by ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining for murine retinal tissues was performed for histopathological analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to determine NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in Müller cells. Furthermore, the interaction between miR-26a-5p and USP14 was verified via the luciferase reporter assays. Results HG stimulation contributed to Müller cell dysfunction by inducing inflammation, oxidative injury, and mitochondrial damage to Müller cells. miR-26a-5p was downregulated in Müller cells under HG condition, and overexpression of miR-26a-5p relieved HG-induced Müller cell dysfunction. Moreover, miR-26a-5p targeted USP14 and inversely regulated USP14 expression. Additionally, HG-evoked activation of NF-κB signaling was suppressed by USP14 knockdown or miR-26a-5p upregulation. Rescue assays showed that the protective impact of miR-26a-5p upregulation against HG-induced Müller cell dysfunction was reversed by USP14 overexpression. Furthermore, USP14 upregulation and activation of NF-κB signaling in the retinas of DR mice were detected in animal experiments. Injection with miR-26a-5p agomir improved retinal histopathological injury and weakened the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in the retinas of DR mice. Conclusion miR-26a-5p inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation in DR progression by targeting USP14 and inactivating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yixing People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhong Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yixing People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengmei Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yixing People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, China
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Llorián-Salvador M, Cabeza-Fernández S, Gomez-Sanchez JA, de la Fuente AG. Glial cell alterations in diabetes-induced neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:47. [PMID: 38236305 PMCID: PMC10796438 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic that due to its increasing prevalence worldwide will likely become the most common debilitating health condition. Even if diabetes is primarily a metabolic disorder, it is now well established that key aspects of the pathogenesis of diabetes are associated with nervous system alterations, including deleterious chronic inflammation of neural tissues, referred here as neuroinflammation, along with different detrimental glial cell responses to stress conditions and neurodegenerative features. Moreover, diabetes resembles accelerated aging, further increasing the risk of developing age-linked neurodegenerative disorders. As such, the most common and disabling diabetic comorbidities, namely diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive decline, are intimately associated with neurodegeneration. As described in aging and other neurological disorders, glial cell alterations such as microglial, astrocyte, and Müller cell increased reactivity and dysfunctionality, myelin loss and Schwann cell alterations have been broadly described in diabetes in both human and animal models, where they are key contributors to chronic noxious inflammation of neural tissues within the PNS and CNS. In this review, we aim to describe in-depth the common and unique aspects underlying glial cell changes observed across the three main diabetic complications, with the goal of uncovering shared glial cells alterations and common pathological mechanisms that will enable the discovery of potential targets to limit neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegeneration in all three diabetic complications. Diabetes and its complications are already a public health concern due to its rapidly increasing incidence, and thus its health and economic impact. Hence, understanding the key role that glial cells play in the pathogenesis underlying peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and cognitive decline in diabetes will provide us with novel therapeutic approaches to tackle diabetic-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Llorián-Salvador
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
| | - Sonia Cabeza-Fernández
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose A Gomez-Sanchez
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Alerie G de la Fuente
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
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21
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Ajmani U, Takkar B, Rani PK, Chhablani J, Sahoo NK. Optical coherence tomography characteristics and factors affecting visual acuity in diabetic papillopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721231225989. [PMID: 38193207 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231225989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse baseline imaging characteristics and factors affecting poor visual acuity in diabetic papillopathy. METHODS This was a retrospective, observational study conducted at a tertiary eye care centre in eyes with a diagnosis of diabetic papillopathy. Demographic data including age, gender, duration of diabetes, type of diabetes, HbA1c values and other systemic co-morbidities were recorded. Baseline best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and various imaging characteristics were noted. RESULTS 37 eyes of 22 patients with diagnosis of diabetic papillopathy were included [mean age of 46.6 ± 13.5 years, five (22.7%) females and 17 (77.3%) males]. Bilateral involvement was seen in 15 (68.2%) patients. The mean baseline BCVA was 0.51 ± 0.49 logMAR (Snellen equivalent 20/60). Two eyes (5.4%) had features of concurrent mild NPDR, 9 eyes (24.3%) had moderate NPDR, 10 eyes (27.03%) had severe NPDR while 16 (43.2%) other had PDR. All eyes had optic disc edema while 4 had disc pallor at presentation. Telangiectatic vessels/ neovascularisation of disc was present in 17 eyes (45.9%) detected either clinically or on optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. 11 (29.7%) eyes had a peripapillary cuff of subretinal fluid accompanying the disc edema. Sixteen eyes (43.2%) had centre involving macular edema seen on OCT. In eyes with a macular edema, the mean central macular thickness was 407.4 ± 71.42 microns at baseline. On assessing the baseline factors that contribute to the final visual acuity, presenting visual acuity was the only variable found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION Although described to have good visual outcome, eyes presenting with poor visual acuity tend to have worse vision on follow up. This may aid in prognosticating and guiding management plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Ajmani
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Vijayawada, India
| | - Brijesh Takkar
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Padmaja Kumari Rani
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jay Chhablani
- Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Centre, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Niroj Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Vijayawada, India
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22
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Zhang SX, Wang JJ, Starr CR, Lee EJ, Park KS, Zhylkibayev A, Medina A, Lin JH, Gorbatyuk M. The endoplasmic reticulum: Homeostasis and crosstalk in retinal health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 98:101231. [PMID: 38092262 PMCID: PMC11056313 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle carrying out a broad range of important cellular functions including protein biosynthesis, folding, and trafficking, lipid and sterol biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcium storage and gated release. In addition, the ER makes close contact with multiple intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and the plasma membrane to actively regulate the biogenesis, remodeling, and function of these organelles. Therefore, maintaining a homeostatic and functional ER is critical for the survival and function of cells. This vital process is implemented through well-orchestrated signaling pathways of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is activated when misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, a condition known as ER stress, and functions to restore ER homeostasis thus promoting cell survival. However, prolonged activation or dysregulation of the UPR can lead to cell death and other detrimental events such as inflammation and oxidative stress; these processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including retinal disorders. In this review manuscript, we discuss the unique features of the ER and ER stress signaling in the retina and retinal neurons and describe recent advances in the research to uncover the role of ER stress signaling in neurodegenerative retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration, inherited retinal degeneration, achromatopsia and cone diseases, and diabetic retinopathy. In some chapters, we highlight the complex interactions between the ER and other intracellular organelles focusing on mitochondria and illustrate how ER stress signaling regulates common cellular stress pathways such as autophagy. We also touch upon the integrated stress response in retinal degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Finally, we provide an update on the current development of pharmacological agents targeting the UPR response and discuss some unresolved questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Josh J Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Christopher R Starr
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Karen Sophia Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Assylbek Zhylkibayev
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andy Medina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Glass J, Robinson RL, Greenway G, Jones G, Sharma S. Diabetic Müller-Glial-Cell-Specific Il6ra Knockout Mice Exhibit Accelerated Retinal Functional Decline and Thinning of the Inner Nuclear Layer. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:1. [PMID: 38038619 PMCID: PMC10697173 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is implicated in the pathology of diabetic retinopathy (DR). IL-6 trans-signaling via soluble IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) is primarily responsible for its pro-inflammatory functions, whereas cis-signaling via membrane-bound IL-6R is anti-inflammatory. Using a Müller-glial-cell-specific Il6ra-/- mouse, we examined how loss of IL-6 cis-signaling in Müller glial cells (MGCs) affected retinal thinning and electroretinography (ERG) response over 9 months of diabetes. Methods Diabetes was induced in wildtype and knockout mice with streptozotocin (40 mg/kg, daily for 5 days). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), ERG, and fundoscopy/fluorescein angiography (FA) were assessed at 2, 6, and 9 months of diabetes. MGCs and bipolar neurons were examined in retinal tissue sections by immunofluorescence. Results Diabetic MGC Il6ra-/- mice had significantly thinner retinas than diabetic wildtype mice at 2 (-7.6 µm), 6 (-12.0 µm), and 9 months (-5.0 µm) of diabetes, as well as significant thinning of the inner nuclear layer (INL). Diabetic MGC Il6ra-/- mice also showed a reduction in scotopic B-wave amplitude and B-wave/A-wave ratio earlier than wildtype diabetic mice. In retinal sections, we found a decrease in bipolar neuronal marker PKCα only in diabetic MGC Il6ra-/- mice, which was significantly lower than both controls and diabetic wildtype mice. Glutamine synthetase, a Müller cell marker, was reduced in both wildtype and MGC Il6ra-/- diabetic mice compared to their respective controls. Conclusions IL-6 cis-signaling in MGCs contributes to maintenance of the INL in diabetes, and loss of the IL-6 receptor reduces MGC-mediated neuroprotection of bipolar neurons in the diabetic retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Glass
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Rebekah L. Robinson
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Grace Greenway
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Garrett Jones
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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24
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Liu Y, Xu Z, Zheng H, Yang J, Wu M, Yang Q, Wang Y, Zong T, Yang X, Xie T, Cai J, Yao Y, Wang X. MiR-423-5p promotes Müller cell activation via targeting NGF signaling in diabetic retinopathy. Life Sci 2023; 334:122217. [PMID: 37925140 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and one of the major causes of visual impairment and blindness in industrialized countries. The early neuro-glial perturbations, especially retinal Müller cells (rMC) activation, intimately associated with the vascular alterations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play critical roles in the progression of DR. Here, we aimed to further explore the role and underlying mechanism of miR-423-5p in Müller cell activation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retinal histology, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and biochemical markers were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Our data revealed that the expression of miR-423-5p was significantly increased under high-glucose environment. We also demonstrated that miR-423-5p overexpression markedly accelerated retinal vascular leakage, leukocytosis, and rMC activation. This response was ameliorated in animals pre-treated with the inhibition of miR-423-5p. Specifically, miR-423-5p bound to the nerve growth factor (NGF) 3' UTR region to induce its silencing. NGF inhibition significantly promoted retinal microvascular dysfunction. SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrate that miR-423-5p is a critical miRNA that promotes microvascular dysfunction in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Meili Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China; Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Zong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xusheng Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhua Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiping Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China; Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Hoffman JM, Robinson R, Greenway G, Glass J, Budkin S, Sharma S. Blockade of interleukin-6 trans-signaling prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in retinal endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2023; 237:109721. [PMID: 37956941 PMCID: PMC10759313 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifaceted cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Its activity extends through cis- and trans-signaling (TS) pathways, with cis-signaling limited to specific cell types possessing the membrane-bound IL-6 receptor, while trans-signaling broadly activates various cells without the membrane bound IL-6 receptor, including retinal endothelial cells. In this study, we determined the effects of interleukin-6 trans-signaling on mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). HRECs were cultured and treated with IL-6 + soluble IL-6R or Hyper IL-6 to activate trans-signaling, along with sgp130Fc for inhibition. RT-PCR was used to analyze gene expression changes associated with inflammation and senescence. Cellular senescence was assessed using SA β-gal staining. Mitochondrial function was evaluated using Seahorse XFe24 Bioanalyzer. IL-6 trans-signaling induced inflammatory gene expression as indicated by the upregulation of ICAM1, MCP1, and SERPINA3 levels. Additionally, it reduced mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, and these effects were counteracted by sgp130Fc. Moreover, IL-6 trans-signaling led to altered expression of apoptosis-associated genes, including downregulation of FIS1, BCL2, and MCL1, while promoting cellular senescence, a phenomenon mitigated by sgp130Fc. These results not only deepen our understanding of IL-6 in DR but also carry broader implications for age-related diseases and the aging process itself. This study underscores the potential therapeutic value of targeting IL-6 trans-signaling with sgp130Fc as a promising anti-inflammatory approach for DR and potentially other inflammatory conditions. Further in-vivo investigations are warranted to elucidate the function of IL-6 trans-signaling in aging-related pathologies and overall organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Hoffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Rebekah Robinson
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Grace Greenway
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Joshua Glass
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Stepan Budkin
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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26
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Li Y, Hu Q, Wang B. Effects of Apelin on the fibrosis of retinal tissues and Müller cells in diabetes retinopathy through the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2259129. [PMID: 37771168 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2259129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Retinal fibrosis was a key characteristic of diabetes retinopathy (DR). Apelin was found to be a candidate for tissue fibrosis. Nevertheless, the role of Apelin in the Müller cells in DR remains unclear. This study identified the function and mechanism of Apelin in Müller cells and the fibrosis of retinal tissue. Western blot was carried out to detect the Apelin, GFAP, Collagen I, α-SMA, JAK2 and STAT3 protein levels. Masson staining was performed to display the histopathological changes in retinal tissue of diabetic mellitus (DM) rats. The immunofluorescence staining was conducted to evaluate the Apelin levels in the retinal tissue. The levels of GFAP, Collagen I and α-SMA in the retinal tissue of DM rats was visualised by the immunohistochemistry staining. The results showed that Apelin, GFAP, Collagen I andα-SMA expression was prominently elevated in the retinal tissue of DM rats and high glucose (HG)-exposed Müller cells. The results of Masson staining showed that the epiretinal fibrotic membrane was observed in DM rats. Apelin knockdown declined the GFAP, Collagen I andα-SMA levels. Besides, the protein levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were elevated in the HG-treated Müller cells, while Apelin knockdown declined them. FLLL32 treatment neutralised the role of Apelin. In conclusion, Apelin facilitated the fibrogenic activity of Müller cells through activating the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway, and thus inducing the retinal fibrosis in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qinrui Hu
- Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Zhou YF, Liu HW, Yang X, Li CX, Chen JS, Chen ZP. Probucol attenuates high glucose-induced Müller cell damage through enhancing the Nrf2/p62 signaling pathway. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4595-4604. [PMID: 37688651 PMCID: PMC10724314 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the protective effect of probucol on Müller cells exposed to high glucose conditions and examined potential mechanisms of action. METHODS Primary human retinal Müller cells were incubated with high glucose (HG, 35 mM) in the present or absence of different concentrations of probucol for 24 h. Cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 method. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured using JC-1 staining and cell cycle by flow cytometry. The expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and p62 was quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. RESULTS We found that HG inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle, and increased MMP in human Müller cells. Probucol activated the Nrf2/p62 pathway and upregulated the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl2, and attenuated HG-mediated damage in Müller cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that probucol may protect Müller cells from HG-induced damage through enhancing the Nrf2/p62 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China
| | - Heng-Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Aier Eye Research Laboratory, Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chen-Xiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jian-Su Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China
- Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China.
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China.
- The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
- School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
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Xie Z, Ying Q, Luo H, Qin M, Pang Y, Hu H, Zhong J, Song Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Resveratrol Alleviates Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting the NLRP3/Gasdermin D/Caspase-1/Interleukin-1β Pyroptosis Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:28. [PMID: 38133508 PMCID: PMC10746937 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-pyroptotic effect of resveratrol in the context of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced retinal injury, with a particular focus on Müller glial cells (MGCs) and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods The retinal I/R model was constructed in mice and pyroptotic markers were measured at six, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after I/R injury to determine the peak of pyroptotic activity. The effects of resveratrol on pyroptosis, inflammasomes, and the activation of MGCs after I/R injury were observed on the retina of mice. Moreover, induction of pyroptosis in rat Müller glial cells (r-MC) via lipopolysaccharide was used to explore the effects of resveratrol on pyroptosis of r-MC in vitro. Results After the induction of retinal I/R injury in mice, the intricate involvement of pyroptosis in the progressive degeneration of the retina was observed, reaching its zenith at the onset of 24 hours after I/R injury. Resveratrol treatment alleviated I/R injury on the retina, relieved retinal ganglion cells death. In addition, resveratrol inhibited Caspase-1 activation, gasdermin D (GSDMD-N) cleavage, the inflammasome assembly, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, simultaneously relieving the MGCs activation. Furthermore, resveratrol inhibited the pyroptosis-related NLRP3/GSDMD-N/TMS1/ASC/Caspase-1/IL-1β pathway in r-MC cells, and mitigated cells death in vitro. Conclusions Pyroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal I/R injury. Resveratrol can attenuate pyroptotic-driven damage in the retina and MGC by inhibiting the NLRP3/GSDMD-N/TMS1/ASC/Caspase-1/IL-1β pyroptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xie
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
- Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, Xingguo, China
| | - Qian Ying
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongdou Luo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengqi Qin
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yulian Pang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Haijian Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuning Song
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Ziqiao Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
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Jung JJ, Zeng A, Komati R, Mackin AG, Skondra D, Yonekawa Y, Fineman MS, Ezon I, Rofagha S, Hoang QV. NODULAR EPIRETINAL MÜLLER CELL GLIOSIS IN THE FOVEA. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2023; 17:779-784. [PMID: 35972829 PMCID: PMC10597442 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to report the findings of a hyperreflective nodular epiretinal gliosis observed with optical coherence tomography presumed to be due to subclinical hyaloidal traction causing Mϋller cell cone gliosis. METHODS Retrospective, observational case series. RESULTS Six eyes of six patients (mean age: 57 years, range 35-81 years) presented with a nodular epiretinal gliosis and had an average follow-up interval of 26 months (range 1-82 months). The mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity was 0.25 ± 0.17 (Snellen equivalent 20/38.3 ± 16.9). Fundus photography demonstrated a yellowish lesion overlying the fovea. Optical coherence tomography imaging revealed a hyperreflective preretinal lesion with a mean vertical length of 267 μ m (range 185-497) and a mean greatest linear diameter of 312 µ m (range 124-640). There was no vitreoretinal abnormality including vitreomacular traction or epiretinal membrane noted in any eye, and two of six eyes displayed a definitive posterior vitreous detachment. These nodules may have occurred before and persisted even after a posterior vitreous detachment or may have been acquired after the posterior vitreous detachment. The nodules typically remained stable with minimal change although in one eye, a posterior vitreous detachment occurred 6 months after initial presentation and lifted the gliosis off of the retinal surface where it remained attached to the posterior hyaloid. CONCLUSION Foveal nodular epiretinal gliosis may occur due to subclinical hyaloidal traction on the Müller cell cone even without obvious vitreoretinal interface abnormality on optical coherence tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J. Jung
- East Bay Retina Consultants Inc., Oakland, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anne Zeng
- East Bay Retina Consultants Inc., Oakland, California
| | - Rahul Komati
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anna G. Mackin
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dimitra Skondra
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yoshihiro Yonekawa
- Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PN
| | - Mitchell S. Fineman
- Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PN
| | - Isaac Ezon
- Jersey Shore Retina Consultants, West Long Branch, New Jersey
| | - Soraya Rofagha
- East Bay Retina Consultants Inc., Oakland, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Quan V. Hoang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.
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30
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Mohammad G, Kumar J, Kowluru RA. Mitochondrial Genome-Encoded Long Noncoding RNA Cytochrome B and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:817-828. [PMID: 37464864 PMCID: PMC10654995 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with the development of diabetic complications. In diabetic retinopathy, electron transport chain is compromised and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is damaged, downregulating transcription of mtDNA-encoded cytochrome B (CYTB) and its antisense long noncoding RNA, long noncoding RNA cytochrome B (LncCytB). Our goal was to investigate the role of LncCytB in the regulation of CYTB and mitochondrial function in diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Using human retinal endothelial cells, genetically manipulated for LncCytB (overexpression or silencing), the effect of high glucose (20 mM d-glucose) on LncCytB-CYTB interactions (by chromatin isolation by RNA purification), CYTB gene expression (by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction), complex III activity, mitochondrial free radicals, and oxygen consumption rate (OCR, by Seahorse XF analyzer) was investigated. Key results were confirmed in the retinal microvessels from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Results: High glucose decreased LncCytB-CYTB interactions, and while LncCytB overexpression ameliorated glucose-induced decrease in CYTB gene transcripts, complex III activity and OCR and increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, LncCytB-siRNA further attenuated CYTB gene transcription, complex III activity, and OCR. Similar decrease in LncCytB-CYTB interactions and CYTB transcription was observed in diabetic mice. Furthermore, maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis by overexpressing superoxide dismutase or sirtuin 1 in mice ameliorated diabetes-induced decrease in LncCytB-CYTB interactions and CYTB gene transcripts, and also improved complex III activity and mitochondrial respiration. Innovation and Conclusion: LncCytB downregulation in hyperglycemic milieu downregulates CYTB transcription, which inhibits complex III activity and compromises mitochondrial stability and OCR. Thus, preventing LncCytB downregulation in diabetes has potential of inhibiting the development of diabetic retinopathy, possibly via maintaining mitochondrial respiration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 817-828.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mohammad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jay Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Renu A. Kowluru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Elbaz-Hayoun S, Rinsky B, Hagbi-Levi S, Grunin M, Chowers I. CCR1 mediates Müller cell activation and photoreceptor cell death in macular and retinal degeneration. eLife 2023; 12:e81208. [PMID: 37903056 PMCID: PMC10615370 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear cells are involved in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we examined the mechanisms that underlie macrophage-driven retinal cell death. Monocytes were extracted from patients with AMD and differentiated into macrophages (hMdɸs), which were characterized based on proteomics, gene expression, and ex vivo and in vivo properties. Using bioinformatics, we identified the signaling pathway involved in macrophage-driven retinal cell death, and we assessed the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway. We found that M2a hMdɸs were associated with retinal cell death in retinal explants and following adoptive transfer in a photic injury model. Moreover, M2a hMdɸs express several CCRI (C-C chemokine receptor type 1) ligands. Importantly, CCR1 was upregulated in Müller cells in models of retinal injury and aging, and CCR1 expression was correlated with retinal damage. Lastly, inhibiting CCR1 reduced photic-induced retinal damage, photoreceptor cell apoptosis, and retinal inflammation. These data suggest that hMdɸs, CCR1, and Müller cells work together to drive retinal and macular degeneration, suggesting that CCR1 may serve as a target for treating these sight-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elbaz-Hayoun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Batya Rinsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shira Hagbi-Levi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Michelle Grunin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Itay Chowers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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32
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Zhang QQ, Qu Y. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in degenerative retinal diseases: Update and novel perspective. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1624-1632. [PMID: 37334646 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction and death of neuronal cells are cardinal features of degenerative retinal diseases that are known to arise as the disease progresses. Increasingly evidence suggests that abnormal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may serve as an obligatory relay of the dysfunction and death of neuronal cells in degenerative retinal diseases. Although disorder of BDNF, whether depletion or augmentation, has been connected with neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation, the exact mechanisms underlying the effect of impaired BDNF expression on degenerative retinal diseases remain unclear. Here, we present an overview of how BDNF is linked to pathological mechanism of retinal degenerative diseases, summarize BDNF-based treatment strategies, and discuss possible research perspectives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Jiménez-Loygorri JI, Benítez-Fernández R, Viedma-Poyatos Á, Zapata-Muñoz J, Villarejo-Zori B, Gómez-Sintes R, Boya P. Mitophagy in the retina: Viewing mitochondrial homeostasis through a new lens. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101205. [PMID: 37454969 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is key to support metabolism and homeostasis in the retina, an organ that has one of the highest metabolic rates body-wide and is constantly exposed to photooxidative damage and external stressors. Mitophagy is the selective autophagic degradation of mitochondria within lysosomes, and can be triggered by distinct stimuli such as mitochondrial damage or hypoxia. Here, we review the importance of mitophagy in retinal physiology and pathology. In the developing retina, mitophagy is essential for metabolic reprogramming and differentiation of retina ganglion cells (RGCs). In basal conditions, mitophagy acts as a quality control mechanism, maintaining a healthy mitochondrial pool to meet cellular demands. We summarize the different autophagy- and mitophagy-deficient mouse models described in the literature, and discuss the potential role of mitophagy dysregulation in retinal diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, and age-related macular degeneration. Finally, we provide an overview of methods used to monitor mitophagy in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. This review highlights the important role of mitophagy in sustaining visual function, and its potential as a putative therapeutic target for retinal and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Jiménez-Loygorri
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Benítez-Fernández
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Departament of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Álvaro Viedma-Poyatos
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Zapata-Muñoz
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Villarejo-Zori
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez-Sintes
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Boya
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Departament of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Augustine J, Pavlou S, Harkin K, Stitt AW, Xu H, Chen M. IL-33 regulates Müller cell-mediated retinal inflammation and neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050174. [PMID: 37671525 PMCID: PMC10499035 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterised by dysfunction of the retinal neurovascular unit, leading to visual impairment and blindness. Müller cells are key components of the retinal neurovascular unit and diabetes has a detrimental impact on these glial cells, triggering progressive neurovascular pathology of DR. Amongst many factors expressed by Müller cells, interleukin-33 (IL-33) has an established immunomodulatory role, and we investigated the role of endogenous IL-33 in DR. The expression of IL-33 in Müller cells increased during diabetes. Wild-type and Il33-/- mice developed equivalent levels of hyperglycaemia and weight loss following streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Electroretinogram a- and b-wave amplitudes, neuroretina thickness, and the numbers of cone photoreceptors and ganglion cells were significantly reduced in Il33-/- diabetic mice compared with those in wild-type counterparts. The Il33-/- diabetic retina also exhibited microglial activation, sustained gliosis, and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins. Primary Müller cells from Il33-/- mice expressed significantly lower levels of neurotransmitter-related genes (Glul and Slc1a3) and neurotrophin genes (Cntf, Lif, Igf1 and Ngf) under high-glucose conditions. Our results suggest that deletion of IL-33 promotes inflammation and neurodegeneration in DR, and that this cytokine is critical for regulation of glutamate metabolism, neurotransmitter recycling and neurotrophin secretion by Müller cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josy Augustine
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sofia Pavlou
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kevin Harkin
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alan W. Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Heping Xu
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mei Chen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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Fang XL, Zhang Q, Xue WW, Tao JH, Zou HD, Lin QR, Wang YL. Suppression of cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling ameliorates retinal injury in diabetic retinopathy. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:916-926. [PMID: 37338034 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-retinal barrier (BRB), homeostasis, neuronal integrity, and metabolic processes are all directly influenced by Müller cells, the most important retinal glial cells. We isolated primary Müller cells from Sprague-Dawley (SD) neonatal rats and treated them with glucose at varying doses. CCK-8 was used to quantify cellular viability, and a TUNEL assay was performed to detect cell apoptosis. ELISA, immunofluorescence, and western blotting were used to assess cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling, Kir4.1, AQP4, GFAP, and VEGF levels, respectively. H&E staining was used to examine histopathological alterations in diabetic retinopathy (DR)-affected retinal tissue in rats. As glucose concentration increases, gliosis of Müller cells became apparent, as evidenced by a decline in cell activity, an increase in apoptosis, downregulation of Kir4.1 level, and overexpression of GFAP, AQP4, and VEGF. Treatments with low, intermediate, and high glucose levels led to aberrant activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling. Interestingly, blocking cAMP and PKA reduced high glucose-induced Müller cell damage and gliosis by a significant amount. Further in vivo results suggested that cAMP or PKA inhibition significantly improved edema, bleeding, and retinal disorders. Our findings showed that high glucose exacerbated Müller cell damage and gliosis via a mechanism involving cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wen Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hua Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Dong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Rong Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
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Li S, Ouyang G, Yuan L, Wu X, Zhang L. SRY-box transcription factor 9 modulates Müller cell gliosis in diabetic retinopathy by upregulating TXNIP transcription. Exp Anim 2023; 72:302-313. [PMID: 36642539 PMCID: PMC10435361 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes, involves excessive proliferation and inflammation of Muller cells and ultimately leads to vision loss and blindness. SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) has been reported to be highly expressed in Müller cells in light-induced retinal damage rats, but the functional role of SOX9 in DR remains unclear. To explore this issue, the DR rat model was successfully constructed via injection with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and the retinal thicknesses and blood glucose levels were evaluated. Müller cells were treated with 25 mmol/l glucose to create a cell model in vitro. The results indicated that SOX9 expression was significantly increased in DR rat retinas and in Müller cells stimulated with a high glucose (HG) concentration. HG treatment promoted the proliferation and migration capabilities of Müller cells, whereas SOX9 knockdown reversed those behaviors. Moreover, SOX9 knockdown provided protection against an HG-induced inflammatory response, as evidenced by reduced tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in serum and decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Notably, SOX9 acted as a transcription factor that positively regulated thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a positive regulator of Müller cells gliosis under HG conditions. A dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that SOX9 could enhance TXNIP expression at the transcriptional level through binding to the promoter of TXNIP. Moreover, TXNIP overexpression restored the effects caused by SOX9 silencing. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that SOX9 may accelerate the progression of DR by promoting glial cell proliferation, metastasis, and inflammation, which involves the transcriptional regulation of TXNIP, providing new theoretical fundamentals for DR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalian No. 3 People's Hospital, No. 40, Qianshan Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116033, P.R. China
| | - Gaoxiang Ouyang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalian No. 3 People's Hospital, No. 40, Qianshan Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116033, P.R. China
| | - Linhui Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalian No. 3 People's Hospital, No. 40, Qianshan Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalian No. 3 People's Hospital, No. 40, Qianshan Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116033, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalian No. 3 People's Hospital, No. 40, Qianshan Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116033, P.R. China
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Arrigo A, Aragona E, Antropoli A, Bianco L, Rosolia A, Saladino A, Bandello F, Battaglia Parodi M. Foveal Eversion is Associated with High Persistence of Macular Edema and Visual Acuity Deterioration in Retinal Vein Occlusion. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:2157-2169. [PMID: 37294523 PMCID: PMC10287597 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Foveal eversion (FE) is a recently described optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding associated with negative outcome in diabetic macular edema. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the role of the FE metric in the diagnostic workup of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). METHODS This study was a retrospective, observational case series. We included 168 eyes (168 patients) affected by central RVO (CRVO) and 116 eyes (116 patients) affected by branch (RVO). We collected clinical and imaging data from CRVO and BRVO eyes affected by macular edema with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. On structural OCT, we classified FE as pattern 1a, characterized by thick vertical intraretinal columns, pattern 1b, presenting thin vertical intraretinal lines, and pattern 2, showing no signs of vertical lines in the context of the cystoid macular edema. For statistical purposes, we considered data collected at baseline, after 1 year and at the last follow-up. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 40 ± 25 months for CRVO eyes and 36 ± 24 months for BRVO eyes. We found FE in 64 of 168 CRVO eyes (38%) and in 25 of 116 BRVO eyes (22%). Most of the eyes developed FE during the follow-up. For CRVO eyes, we found 6 eyes (9%) with pattern 1a, 17 eyes (26%) with pattern 1b and 41 eyes (65%) with pattern 2. Of those BRVO eyes with FE, we found 8 eyes (32%) with pattern 1a + 1b and 17 eyes (68%) with pattern 2. In both CRVO and BRVO the presence of FE was significantly associated with higher persistence of macular edema and worse outcome, with FE pattern 2 representing the most severe condition. Remarkably, FE patterns 1a and 1b were characterized by BCVA stability over the follow-up, whereas FE pattern 2 showed significant bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA) worsening at the end of the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS FE can be considered a negative prognostic biomarker in RVO, associated with higher persistence of macular edema and worse visual outcome. Müller cell impairment might represent the pathogenic mechanism leading to the loss of macular structural support and impairment of fluid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Arrigo
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Aragona
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Antropoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bianco
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Rosolia
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Saladino
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Battaglia Parodi
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
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Chen C, Ding P, Yan W, Wang Z, Lan Y, Yan X, Li T, Han J. Pharmacological roles of lncRNAs in diabetic retinopathy with a focus on oxidative stress and inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 214:115643. [PMID: 37315816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication caused by abnormal glucose metabolism, which affects the vision and quality of life of patients and severely impacts the society at large.DR has a complex pathogenic process. Evidence from multiple studies have shown that oxidative stress and inflammation play pivotal roles in DR.Additionally, with the rapid development of various genetic detection methods, the abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to promote the development of DR.Research has demonstrated the potential of lncRNAs as ideal biomarkers and theranostic targets in DR. In this narrative review, we will focus on the research results on mechanisms underlying DR, list lncRNAs confirmed to be closely related to these mechanisms, and discuss their potential clinical application value and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA (Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University), Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Weiming Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA (Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University), Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yanyan Lan
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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Sunilkumar S, VanCleave AM, McCurry CM, Toro AL, Stevens SA, Kimball SR, Dennis MD. REDD1-dependent GSK3β dephosphorylation promotes NF-κB activation and macrophage infiltration in the retina of diabetic mice. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104991. [PMID: 37392853 PMCID: PMC10407432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a role for inflammation in the early development and progression of retinal complications caused by diabetes. We recently demonstrated that the stress response protein regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) promotes diabetes-induced retinal inflammation by sustaining canonical activation of nuclear transcription factor, NF-κB. The studies here were designed to identify signaling events whereby REDD1 promotes NF-κB activation in the retina of diabetic mice. We observed increased REDD1 expression in the retina of mice after 16 weeks of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and found that REDD1 was essential for diabetes to suppress inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) at S9. In human retinal MIO-M1 Müller cell cultures, REDD1 deletion prevented dephosphorylation of GSK3β and increased NF-κB activation in response to hyperglycemic conditions. Expression of a constitutively active GSK3β variant restored NF-κB activation in cells deficient for REDD1. In cells exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, GSK3β knockdown inhibited NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression by preventing inhibitor of κB kinase complex autophosphorylation and inhibitor of κB degradation. In both the retina of STZ-diabetic mice and in Müller cells exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, GSK3 inhibition reduced NF-κB activity and prevented an increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression. In contrast with STZ-diabetic mice receiving a vehicle control, macrophage infiltration was not observed in the retina of STZ-diabetic mice treated with GSK3 inhibitor. Collectively, the findings support a model wherein diabetes enhances REDD1-dependent activation of GSK3β to promote canonical NF-κB signaling and the development of retinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Sunilkumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley M VanCleave
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher M McCurry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allyson L Toro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaunaci A Stevens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scot R Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael D Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Karan BM, Little K, Augustine J, Stitt AW, Curtis TM. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Aldo-Keto Reductase Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Emerging Roles in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1466. [PMID: 37508004 PMCID: PMC10376360 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that can lead to vision loss and blindness. It is driven by various biochemical processes and molecular mechanisms, including lipid peroxidation and disrupted aldehyde metabolism, which contributes to retinal tissue damage and the progression of the disease. The elimination and processing of aldehydes in the retina rely on the crucial role played by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and aldo-keto reductase (AKR) enzymes. This review article investigates the impact of oxidative stress, lipid-derived aldehydes, and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) on the advancement of DR. It also provides an overview of the ALDH and AKR enzymes expressed in the retina, emphasizing their growing importance in DR. Understanding the relationship between aldehyde metabolism and DR could guide innovative therapeutic strategies to protect the retina and preserve vision in diabetic patients. This review, therefore, also explores various approaches, such as gene therapy and pharmacological compounds that have the potential to augment the expression and activity of ALDH and AKR enzymes, underscoring their potential as effective treatment options for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Mugdat Karan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Karis Little
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Josy Augustine
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Tim M Curtis
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
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Li X, Su X, Xia F, Qiu J, Zhang J, Wu H, Xie X, Xu M. Bibliometric and visual analysis of diabetes mellitus and pyroptosis from 2011 to 2022. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:235. [PMID: 37443131 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To visualize and analyze the published literature on diabetes mellitus and pyroptosis based on a bibliometric approach, so as to provide a comprehensive picture of the hot research directions and dynamic progress in this field. METHODS This study was based on the web of science core collection database to conduct a comprehensive search of the published literature in the field of diabetes mellitus and Pyroptosis from January 1985 to August 2022, including the published research literature in this field, as well as a visual analysis of the number of citations, year of publication, journal, author, research institution, country, and research topic. RESULTS A total of 139 literature on research related to diabetes mellitus and cellular scorch from 2011 to 2022 were retrieved, with a total of 3009 citations and a maximum of 255 citations for a single article, which had a first author Schmid-Burgk, JL The first author of this article is from Germany; among 20 publishing countries, China leads with 100 articles; among 222 publishing institutions, Harbin Medical University leads with 18 articles and 184 citations; among 980 authors, Chen, X from China tops the list of high-impact authors with 5 articles and 29 citations. Among the 98 journals, "CELL DEATH DISEASE" ranked first in both volume and high-impact journals with 4 articles and 29 citations. Among 349 keywords, "pyroptosis" ranked first with a cumulative frequency of 65 times. The cluster analysis was divided into three categories, chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and pyroptosis (67 articles), diabetes mellitus and pyroptosis (60 articles), and diabetes mellitus combined with other diseases and pyroptosis (12 articles), and the number of articles related to diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications increased rapidly from 2019, among which, diabetic cardiomyopathy (27 articles) had the highest number of articles. CONCLUSIONS Based on a comprehensive analysis of published literature in the field of diabetes mellitus and pyroptosis from 2011 to 2022, this study achieved a visual analysis of studies with significant and outstanding contributions to the field, thus framing a picture showing the development and changes in the field. At the same time, this study provides research information and direction for clinicians and investigators to conduct diabetes mellitus and pyroptosis-related research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550000, China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Fenglin Xia
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xuejun Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Mingchao Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Meishan, Meishan, 620010, China.
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Ersoz MG, Kırık F, Isik B, Ozdemir H. HENLE FIBER LAYER THICKNESS AND AREA MEASUREMENT IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH AND WITHOUT RETINOPATHY USING A MODIFIED DIRECTIONAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STRATEGY. Retina 2023; 43:1097-1106. [PMID: 36913623 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the thicknesses and areas of Henle fiber layer (HFL), outer nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer in the eyes of patients with diabetes with no diabetic retinopathy, in eyes with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy without diabetic macular edema, and in healthy eyes using a modified directional optical coherence tomography strategy. METHODS In this prospective study, the no diabetic retinopathy group included 79 participants, the nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy group comprised 68 participants, and the control group had 58 participants. Thicknesses and areas of Henle fiber layer, outer nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer were measured on a horizontal single optical coherence tomography scan centered on the fovea using directional optical coherence tomography. RESULTS The foveal, parafoveal, and total HFL were significantly thinner in the nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy group than in the no diabetic retinopathy group and the control group (all P < 0.05). The no diabetic retinopathy group had significantly thinner foveal HFL thickness and area compared with the control group (all P < 0.05). The nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy group had significantly thicker outer nuclear layer thickness and area in all regions than the other groups (all P < 0.05). The outer plexiform layer measurements did not differ between the groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Directional optical coherence tomography provides isolated thickness and area measurement of HFL. In patients with diabetes, the HFL is thinner, and HFL thinning begins before the presence of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giray Ersoz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biruni University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey; and
| | - Furkan Kırık
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Isik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biruni University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey; and
| | - Hakan Ozdemir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Liu C, Cao Q, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Wei W. Rhein protects retinal Müller cells from high glucose-induced injury via activating the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37330920 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2023.2223319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis are important pathogenic factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the potential role of Rhein, a natural anthraquinone compound found in rhubarb, in high glucose (HG)-induced Müller cells (MIO-M1). Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, TUNEL assay, Western blot analysis, Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and ELISA were conducted to assess the effects of Rhein on Müller cells. Additionally, the EX-527, an Sirt1 inhibitor, was used to study whether the effects of Rhein, on HG-induced Müller cells were mediated by activation of the Sirt1 signaling pathway. Our data showed that Rhein improved cell viability of HG-induced Müller cells. Rhein reduced the ROS and MDA production and increased the activities of SOD and CAT in Müller cells in response to HG stimulation. Rhein decreased the production of VEGF, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, Rhein attenuated HG-induced apoptosis, evidenced by increase in Bcl-2 level and decreases in the Bax, caspase-3 expression. It was also found that EX-527 counteracted Rhein-mediated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effects on Müller cells. The protein levels of p-AMPK and PGC-1α were also upregulated by Rhein. In conclusion, these findings support that Rhein may ameliorate HG-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and protect against mitochondrial dysfunction by the activation of the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Fanaro GB, Marques MR, Calaza KDC, Brito R, Pessoni AM, Mendonça HR, Lemos DEDA, de Brito Alves JL, de Souza EL, Cavalcanti Neto MP. New Insights on Dietary Polyphenols for the Management of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1237. [PMID: 37371967 PMCID: PMC10295526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a neurodegenerative and vascular pathology that is considered one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, resulting from complications of advanced diabetes mellitus (DM). Current therapies consist of protocols aiming to alleviate the existing clinical signs associated with microvascular alterations limited to the advanced disease stages. In response to the low resolution and limitations of the DR treatment, there is an urgent need to develop more effective alternative therapies to optimize glycemic, vascular, and neuronal parameters, including the reduction in the cellular damage promoted by inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent evidence has shown that dietary polyphenols reduce oxidative and inflammatory parameters of various diseases by modulating multiple cell signaling pathways and gene expression, contributing to the improvement of several chronic diseases, including metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite the growing evidence for the bioactivities of phenolic compounds, there is still a lack of data, especially from human studies, on the therapeutic potential of these substances. This review aims to comprehensively describe and clarify the effects of dietary phenolic compounds on the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in DR, especially those of oxidative and inflammatory nature, through evidence from experimental studies. Finally, the review highlights the potential of dietary phenolic compounds as a prophylactic and therapeutic strategy and the need for further clinical studies approaching the efficacy of these substances in DR management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Bernardes Fanaro
- Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69460000, Amazonas, Brazil;
| | | | - Karin da Costa Calaza
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210201, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Brito
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210201, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | | | - Henrique Rocha Mendonça
- Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability (NUPEM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé 27965045, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (H.R.M.); (M.P.C.N.)
| | | | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraíba, Brazil; (D.E.d.A.L.); (J.L.d.B.A.)
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraíba, Brazil; (D.E.d.A.L.); (J.L.d.B.A.)
| | - Marinaldo Pacífico Cavalcanti Neto
- Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability (NUPEM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé 27965045, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (H.R.M.); (M.P.C.N.)
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Lepre CC, Russo M, Trotta MC, Petrillo F, D'Agostino FA, Gaudino G, D'Amico G, Campitiello MR, Crisci E, Nicoletti M, Gesualdo C, Simonelli F, D'Amico M, Hermenean A, Rossi S. Inhibition of Galectins and the P2X7 Purinergic Receptor as a Therapeutic Approach in the Neurovascular Inflammation of Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119721. [PMID: 37298672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most frequent microvascular retinal complication of diabetic patients, contributing to loss of vision. Recently, retinal neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration have emerged as key players in DR progression, and therefore, this review examines the neuroinflammatory molecular basis of DR. We focus on four important aspects of retinal neuroinflammation: (i) the exacerbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; (ii) the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome; (iii) the role of galectins; and (iv) the activation of purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R). Moreover, this review proposes the selective inhibition of galectins and the P2X7R as a potential pharmacological approach to prevent the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Claudia Lepre
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310144 Arad, Romania
| | - Marina Russo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrillo
- Ph.D. Course in Translational Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Anna D'Agostino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gaudino
- School of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosaria Campitiello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, ASL Salerno, 84124 Salerno, Italy
| | - Erminia Crisci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Gesualdo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anca Hermenean
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310144 Arad, Romania
| | - Settimio Rossi
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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Midena E, Torresin T, Schiavon S, Danieli L, Polo C, Pilotto E, Midena G, Frizziero L. The Disorganization of Retinal Inner Layers Is Correlated to Müller Cells Impairment in Diabetic Macular Edema: An Imaging and Omics Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119607. [PMID: 37298558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) is an optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarker strictly associated with visual outcomes in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) whose pathophysiology is still unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize in vivo, using retinal imaging and liquid biopsy, DRIL in eyes with DME. This was an observational cross-sectional study. Patients affected by center-involved DME were enrolled. All patients underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and proteomic analysis of aqueous humor (AH). The presence of DRIL at OCT was analyzed by two masked retinal experts. Fifty-seven biochemical biomarkers were analyzed from AH samples. Nineteen eyes of nineteen DME patients were enrolled. DRIL was present in 10 patients (52.63%). No statistically significant difference was found between DME eyes with and without DRIL, considering the AH concentration of all the analyzed biomarkers except for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biomarker of Müller cells dysfunction (p = 0.02). In conclusion, DRIL, in DME eyes, seems to strictly depend on a major dysfunction of Müller cells, explaining its role not only as imaging biomarker, but also as visual function Müller cells-related parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Torresin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Polo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Luisa Frizziero
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Jahnke L, Zandi S, Elhelbawi A, Conedera FM, Enzmann V. Characterization of Macroglia Response during Tissue Repair in a Laser-Induced Model of Retinal Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119172. [PMID: 37298126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive gliosis is a hallmark of chronic degenerative diseases of the retina. As gliosis involves macroglia, we investigated their gliotic response to determine the role of S100β and intermediate filaments (IFs) GFAP, vimentin, and nestin during tissue repair in a laser-induced model of retinal degeneration. We validated the results with human retinal donor samples. Experiments were performed in zebrafish and mice using an argon laser (532 nm) to induce focal lesions in the outer retina. At different time points following injury induction, the kinetics of retinal degeneration and regeneration were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E). Immunofluorescence was performed to evaluate Müller cell (GS) and astrocyte (GFAP) injury response and to distinguish between both cell types. Additionally, staining was performed in human retinal sections containing drusen. Focal laser treatment elevated the expression of gliotic markers in the area of the damage, which was associated with increased expression of S100β, GFAP, vimentin, and nestin in mice and humans. In zebrafish, we detected S100β at the first time point, but not GFAP or nestin. Double-positive cells with the selected glia markers were detected in all models. However, in zebrafish, no double-positive GFAP/GS cells were found on days 10 and 17, nor were S100β/GS double-positive cells found on day 12. Macroglia cells showed a different pattern in the expression of IFs in degenerative and regenerative models. In particular, S100β may prove to be a target for suppressing chronic gliosis in retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jahnke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Souska Zandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Elhelbawi
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
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48
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Zheng X, Wan J, Tan G. The mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis activation and their role in diabetic retinopathy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151185. [PMID: 37180116 PMCID: PMC10167027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the working-age population worldwide, diabetic retinopathy (DR), a prevalent complication of diabetes, is the main cause of vision impairment. Chronic low-grade inflammation plays an essential role in DR development. Recently, concerning the pathogenesis of DR, the Nod-Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in retinal cells has been determined as a causal factor. In the diabetic eye, the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by several pathways (such as ROS and ATP). The activation of NPRP3 leads to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), and leads to pyroptosis, a rapid inflammatory form of lytic programmed cell death (PCD). Cells that undergo pyroptosis swell and rapture, releasing more inflammatory factors and accelerating DR progression. This review focuses on the mechanisms that activate NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis leading to DR. The present research highlighted some inhibitors of NLRP3/pyroptosis pathways and novel therapeutic measures concerning DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Li Y, Wang K, Zhu X, Cheng Z, Zhu L, Murray M, Zhou F. Ginkgo biloba extracts protect human retinal Müller glial cells from t-BHP induced oxidative damage by activating the AMPK-Nrf2-NQO-1 axis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:385-396. [PMID: 36583518 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Retinal Müller glial cell loss is almost involved in all retinal diseases, especially diabetic retinopathy (DR). Oxidative stress significantly contributes to the development of Müller glial cell loss. Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBE) have been reported to possess antioxidant property, beneficial in treating human retinal diseases. However, little is known about its role in Müller glial cells. This study investigated the protective effect of GBE (prepared from ginkgo biloba dropping pills) in human Müller glial cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress and its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS MIO-M1 cells were pretreated with or without GBE prior to the exposure to t-BHP-induced oxidative stress. Cell viability, cell death profile and lipid peroxidation were subsequently assessed. Protein expression of the key anti-oxidative signalling factors were investigated. KEY FINDINGS We showed that GBE can effectively protect human MIO-M1 cells from t-BHP-induced oxidative injury by improving cell viability, reducing intracellular ROS accumulation and suppressing lipid peroxidation, which effect is likely mediated through activating AMPK-Nrf2-NQO-1 antioxidant respondent axis. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to reveal the great potentials of GBE in protecting human retinal Müller glial cell loss against oxidative stress. GBE might be used to prevent human retinal diseases particularly DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214063, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214063, China
| | - Zhengqi Cheng
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health NSW, 2006, Australia.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health NSW, 2006, Australia
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Kolomeyer AM, Eichenbaum DA, Kiernan DF, Suñer IJ, Hariprasad SM. The 0.19-mg Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: An Expert Consensus. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023; 54:166-173. [PMID: 36944067 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20230215-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To better understand the level of agreement among retina specialists on the role of inflammation in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME), and the use of 0.19-mg fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant in DME treatment, a consensus survey was drafted and disseminated to retina specialists across the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the modified Delphi method, a list of 12 consensus statements were generated by the coauthors based on short-answer responses to an initial survey. In total, 56 retina specialists completed the entire consensus survey. Except for two multiple-choice questions, there were 10 consensus statements that used a modified Likert scale to indicate their level of agreement to the statement: Agree = 3, Mostly Agree = 2, Mostly Disagree = 1, Disagree = 0. Percentage agreement and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and a consensus threshold was set at > 80% agreement for each statement. RESULTS Seven of 10 consensus statements using the modified Likert scale reached consensus, including those on the role of inflammation in pathophysiology of DR/DME, injection burden and patient adherence, and efficacy and safety of the FAc implant. The remaining three statements displayed high agreement with average scores > 80%, but the 95% CIs were below threshold. These included the impact of the FAc implant on DR progression, FAc as baseline therapy for DME, and the effectiveness of the steroid challenge to mitigate intraocular pressure risk after FAc use. Two multiple-choice questions focused on clinical situations in which corticosteroids would be used as baseline therapy for DME (pseudophakic eye [73%], recent stroke/myocardial infarction [66%], and pregnancy/breastfeeding [66%]) and which delivery route satisfies the steroid challenge for the FAc implant (intravitreal [100%], sub-tenon/periocular [73%], and topical [57%]). CONCLUSIONS Physicians highly agreed on the role of inflammation in pathophysiology of DR/DME, injection burden and patient adherence, and efficacy and safety of the FAc implant. However, full consensus was not found on the impact of the FAc implant on DR progression, FAc as baseline therapy for DME, and the effectiveness of the steroid challenge to mitigate intraocular pressure risk after FAc use. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2023;54(3):166-173.].
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