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Bortoloti MA, Challiol AZ, Sicchieri IMB, Kuroda EK, Fernandes F. Co-composting of green waste and biogas waste: physical, chemical parameters and quality of ripe compound. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34258-34270. [PMID: 38700772 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The impact of adding biogas waste (BW) to green waste (GW) composting to increase nitrogen supplementation and improve mature compost quality was investigated. Conducted over 90 days using static windrows, the experiment compared treatments with GW alone (T1) and GW supplemented with BW (T2 and T3). The results showed that the addition of BW increased temperatures, improved the C/N ratio, and expedited the stabilization process compared to T1. Furthermore, the addition of BW led to significant degradation of hemicellulose (up to 39.98%) and cellulose (up to 27.63%) compared to GW alone. Analysis of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed the presence of aromatic, phenolic, aliphatic, and polysaccharide structures in the compost, with BW supplementation enhancing these characteristics. Importantly, the germination index (GI) assessment indicated that the compounds produced were not toxic and instead exhibited stimulatory effects on seed germination. Overall, the findings suggest that supplementing GW composting with BW can enhance the quality and efficacy of the composting process, resulting in compost with desirable properties for agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Aparecido Bortoloti
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Technology and Urbanism, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Highway (PR-445), Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Zemiani Challiol
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Technology and Urbanism, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Highway (PR-445), Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Isabela Mangerino Bortoloti Sicchieri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Technology and Urbanism, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Highway (PR-445), Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Emília Kiyomi Kuroda
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Technology and Urbanism, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Highway (PR-445), Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fernandes
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Technology and Urbanism, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Highway (PR-445), Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
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Gelsomino A, Petrovičovà B, Panuccio MR. Exhausted fire-extinguishing powders: A potential source of mineral nutrients for reuse and valorisation in compost enrichment for soilless cultivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167633. [PMID: 37806572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Fire-extinguishing powders (FEPs) are constituted by an inner mineral core of (NH4)H2PO4 and (NH4)2SO4 salts (>95 %, by weight) externally coated with Si-based additives, which make problematic reuse after their service life has expired (36 months). This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using the composting process as an environmentally friendly strategy to lyse the external coating and recycle this nutrient-rich solid waste for replacement of inorganic fertilization in soilless cultivation of horticultural crops. A microcosm-scale experiment with lettuce plants grown into a soil/quartz sand mixture under controlled conditions for 28 days was used to investigate plant responses (fresh and dry biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, root morphology, ash and nutrients content) to amendment with increasing dosages (equivalent at 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha-1) of an exhausted FEPs-enriched compost. Chemical properties (pH, EC, TOC, TN) and content of soluble nutrients (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+, H2PO4-, SO42-, NO3-, Cl-) released into the growing substrate were also monitored. Non-amended microcosms and non-enriched compost treatments were taken as controls. Results showed, beside the expected rise of phosphate, sulphate and ammonium ions, exhausted FEPs contributed Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ content. Whereas compost determined a dose-dependent release of K+, which was particularly useful in maintaining the K/Na ratio in a range not harmful to plant physiology. It was also found that the compost enriched with 5 % (w/w) exhausted FEPs was no phytotoxic to lettuce. On the contrary, it stimulated the plant growth, increased the photosynthetic efficiency and the shoot biomass accumulation, thus incrementing the shoot/root ratio. Moreover, it oriented the root morphology development and promoted the plant uptake of both water and solutes. To sum up, composting represents a suitable alternative to chemical treatment to recover readily available nutrients contained in exhausted FEPs and produce an enriched compost for use in soilless cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gelsomino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Beatrix Petrovičovà
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Panuccio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Cathcart A, Smyth BM, Lyons G, Murray ST, Rooney D, Johnston CR. Optimising mechanical separation of anaerobic digestate for total solids and nutrient removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118449. [PMID: 37390731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical separation of anaerobic digestate has been identified as a method to reduce pollution risk to waterways by partitioning phosphorus in the solid fraction and reducing its application to land. Separators have adjustable parameters which affect separation efficiency, and hence the degree of phosphorous partitioning, but information on how these parameters affect separation performance is limited in the literature. Two well known technologies were investigated, decanter centrifuge and screw press, to determine the most efficient method of separation. Counterweight load and the use of an oscillator were adjusted for the screw press, while bowl speed, auger differential speed, feed rate and polymer addition were modified for the decanter centrifuge. Separation efficiency was determined for total solids, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, and carbon, and the total solids content of resulting fractions was measured. The decanter centrifuge had higher separation efficiency for phosphorus in all cases, ranging from 51% to 71.5%, while the screw press had a phosphorus separation efficiency ranging from 8.5% to 10.9% for digestate of ∼5% solids (slurry/grass silage mix). Separation by decanter centrifuge partitioned up to 56% of nitrogen in the solid fraction leaving a reduced nitrogen content in the liquid fraction available for land spreading; this nitrogen would most likely need to be replaced by chemical fertiliser which would add to the cost of the system. The decanter centrifuge is better suited to cases where phosphorus recovery is the most important factor, while the screw press could be advantageous in cases where cost is a limiting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Cathcart
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Ashby Building, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK; Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down, BT26 6DR, UK.
| | - Beatrice M Smyth
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Ashby Building, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK
| | - Gary Lyons
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down, BT26 6DR, UK
| | - Simon T Murray
- CASE (Centre for Advanced Sustainable Energy), David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - David Rooney
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
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Subbarao PMV, D' Silva TC, Adlak K, Kumar S, Chandra R, Vijay VK. Anaerobic digestion as a sustainable technology for efficiently utilizing biomass in the context of carbon neutrality and circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116286. [PMID: 37263473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon emissions and associated global warming have become a threat to the world, the major contributor being the extensive use of fossil fuels and uncontrolled generation of solid wastes. Energy generation from renewable energy sources is considered an alternative to achieving carbon neutrality. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a sustainable technology that has been endorsed as a low-carbon technology complimenting both waste management and renewable energy sectors. The AD technology recovers the volatile matter from waste biomass as much as possible to produce biogas, thus reducing carbon emission as compared to open dumping or burning. However, there is a need of compilation of information on how each subsystem in AD contributes to the overall carbon neutrality of the entire system and chances of achieving a circular economy along with it. Therefore, this article aims to clarify the associated internal and external factors that determine the low carbon characteristic of anaerobic digestion technology. From this review, the potential of AD system for energy-atmosphere-agriculture nexus has been explored. Carbon emission mapping of the potential entities involved in AD were identified and perspective to life cycle assessment and future research direction has been pointed out. Climate change impact and acidification potential are the two entities that can influence the overall environmental sustainability of an AD system. It was recognized that each stage of AD system starting from substrate supply chain, biogas production, upgradation, utilization, and digestate application had a remarkable effect on the overall carbon emission potential based on its design, operation, and maintenance. Selection of suitable substrates and co-digesting them together for improved biogas production rate with high methane content and proper digestate post-processing and storage can vastly reduce the carbon emission potential of the AD technology. Further, a case scenario of India was assessed considering the utilization of major surplus biomass available through AD. Re-routing the three major substrates such as agricultural crop residues, animal wastes and organic fraction of municipal solid wastes through AD can reduce at least 3.5-3.8 kg CO2-eq per capita of annual carbon emission load in India. Furthermore, the pathways in which the policy and legislations over establishment of AD technology and how to explore linkages between achieving circular economy and low carbon economy for Indian scenario has been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paruchuri M V Subbarao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Tinku Casper D' Silva
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Komalkant Adlak
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Ram Chandra
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Virendra Kumar Vijay
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Caspersen S, Oskarsson C, Asp H. Nutrient challenges with solid-phase anaerobic digestate as a peat substitute - Storage decreased ammonium toxicity but increased phosphorus availability. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 165:128-139. [PMID: 37121051 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The solid fraction (SD) obtained after liquid - solid separation of anaerobic digestate is interesting as a potential fertilizer as well as a peat substitute in horticultural growing substrates. We investigated the effect of incubation of the SD obtained by screw-press separation of digestate produced from food waste and plant residues on potentially plant available mineral nutrients and plant growth. The NH4-N concentration was initially > 1000 mg L-1 but rapidly decreased, probably due to NH3 emission promoted by a high initial pH. No nitrate was detected during the first four weeks of incubation. The concentrations of potentially available P and Mg were closely related and strongly increased during incubation. The effect of adding 20 or 30 vol% of SD to a peat-based growing substrate on the growth of basil and lettuce was investigated before and after the incubation period. With the unincubated SD, the initial substrate NH4-N of 200-300 mg L-1 was potentially phytotoxic. Plant growth response ranged from inhibition to stimulation, probably reflecting variation in substrate ammonium status. After 96 days of incubation, ammonium concentrations had decreased with > 50% and basil growth was generally positively affected by addition of incubated SD. However, available P concentrations of 140-210 mg L-1 in the incubated substrates posed a high risk of P leakage. In conclusion, storage greatly reduced NH4-N concentrations and phytotoxicity when the SD was used as a partial substituent for peat in a horticultural growing substrate. Measures are needed, however, to limit available P concentrations in high-P solid digestate fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Caspersen
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden.
| | - Camilla Oskarsson
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Håkan Asp
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
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Persson T, Rueda-Ayala V. Phosphorus retention and agronomic efficiency of refined manure-based digestate—A review. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.993043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestate, a by-product from anaerobic digestion of organic materials such as animal manure, is considered a suitable plant fertilizer. However, due to its bulkiness and low economic value, it is costly to transport over long distances and store for long periods. Refinement processes to valorize digestate and facilitate its handling as a fertilizer include precipitation of phosphorus-rich mineral compounds, such as struvite and calcium phosphates, membrane filtration methods that concentrate plant nutrients in organic products, and carbonization processes. However, phosphorus retention efficiency in output products from these processes can vary considerably depending on technological settings and characteristics of the digestate feedstock. The effects of phosphorus in plant fertilizers (including those analogous or comparable to refined digestate products) on agronomic productivity have been evaluated in multiple experiments. In this review, we synthesized knowledge about different refinement methods for manure-based digestate as a means to produce phosphorus fertilizers, thereby providing the potential to increase phosphorus retention in the food production chain, by combining information about phosphorus flows in digestate refinement studies and agronomic fertilizer studies. It was also sought to identify the range, uncertainty, and potential retention efficiency by agricultural crops of the original phosphorus amount in manure-based digestate. Refinement chains with solid/wet phase separation followed by struvite or calcium phosphate precipitation or membrane filtration of the wet phase and carbonization treatments of the solid phase were included. Several methods with high potential to extract phosphorus from manure-based wet phase digestate in such a way that it could be used as an efficient plant fertilizer were identified, with struvite precipitation being the most promising method. Synthesis of results from digestate refinement studies and agronomic fertilizer experiments did not support the hypothesis that solid/wet separation followed by struvite precipitation, or any other refinement combination, results in higher phosphorus retention than found for unrefined digestate. Further studies are needed on the use of the phosphorus in the solid phase digestate, primarily on phosphorus-rich soils representative of animal-dense regions, to increase understanding of the role of digestate refinement (particularly struvite precipitation) in phosphorus recycling in agricultural systems.
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Pas C, Brodeur D, Deschamps MH, Lebeuf Y, Adjalle K, Barnabé S, Eeckhout M, Vandenberg G, Vaneeckhaute C. Valorization of pretreated biogas digestate with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, L; Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115529. [PMID: 35816966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concerns related to the negative environmental impacts of food waste havemotivated the development of new solutions to complete the waste cycle of organic residues. One particular "waste" product, the solid digestate from anaerobic digestion, has been identified for further bioprocessing. Black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae are known for their great potential in the processing of organic waste. In this study, this potential was investigated to further process the digestate waste stream. Digestate is considered a low potential source of nutrients for larvae due to the presence of different fiber fractions. However, the lignocellulosic matter in this residue could be enzymatically hydrolyzed to release residual carbohydrates. For this study, digestate from a full-scale anaerobic digestion plant in Quebec (Canada) which processes a range of feedstocks (fruits, vegetables, garden wastes, sludge derived from dairy processing and wastewater treatment) was sourced. Digestate was treated with Accelerase® DUET enzyme complex to hydrolyze lignocellulosic matter and compared to a standard diet. For each treatment, 600 four-day old larvae were fed daily with 160 g (70% relative humidity) of diets for 6 days and harvested 3 days later. Although their growth and total biomass were significantly lower than the standard diet, larvae fed on hydrolyzed digestate were almost two times larger than the larvae fed on crude digestate. Furthermore, the content of organic matter, lipids and minerals in the diets and frass were analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of applying BSF treatment for digestate valorization is discussed. According to this study, enzyme-treated digestate does not allow efficient larval growth compared to the standard diet. The development of a more effective method of pretreatment is required for BSF larvae to become an eco-friendly solution for digestate valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pas
- BioEngine Research Team on Green Process Engineering and Biorefineries, Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Schoonmeersen, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
| | - D Brodeur
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - M-H Deschamps
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Y Lebeuf
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - K Adjalle
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - S Barnabé
- Centre de recherche sur les matériaux lignocellulosiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - M Eeckhout
- Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Schoonmeersen, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - G Vandenberg
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - C Vaneeckhaute
- BioEngine Research Team on Green Process Engineering and Biorefineries, Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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De Gisi S, Gadaleta G, Gorrasi G, La Mantia FP, Notarnicola M, Sorrentino A. The role of (bio)degradability on the management of petrochemical and bio-based plastic waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114769. [PMID: 35217451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to mitigate the social and ecological impacts of post-consumer plastic made of conventional petrochemical polymers, the market of (bio)degradable plastics have recently become more widespread. Although (bio)degradable plastics could be an environmentally friendly substitute of petrochemical ones, the consequences of their presence in the waste management system and in the environment (if not correctly disposed) are not always positive and plastic pollution is not automatically solved. Consequently, this work aims to review how plastic (bio)degradability affects the municipal solid waste management cycle. To this end, the state-of-the-art of the intrinsic (bio)degradability of conventional and unconventional petrochemical and bio-based polymers has been discussed, focusing on the environment related to the waste management system. Then, the focus was on strategies to improve polymer (bio)degradability: different types of eco-design and pre-treatment approach for plastics has been investigated, differently from other works that focused only on specific topics. The information gathered was used to discuss three typical disposal/treatment routes for plastic waste. Despite many of the proposed materials in eco-design have increased the plastics (bio)degradability and pre-treatments have showed interesting results, these achievements are not always positive in the current MSW management system. The effect on mechanical recycling is negative in several cases but the enhanced (bio)degradability can help the treatment with organic waste. On the other hand, the current waste treatment facility is not capable to manage this waste, leading to the incineration the most promising options. In this way, the consumption of raw materials will persist even by using (bio)degradable plastics, which strength the doubt if the solution of plastic pollution leads really on these materials. The review also highlighted the need for further research on this topic that is currently limited by the still scarce amount of (bio)degradable plastics in input to full-scale waste treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino De Gisi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Gadaleta
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuliana Gorrasi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo La Mantia
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy; INSTM, Via Giusti, 9 50125, Firenze, Italy
| | - Michele Notarnicola
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), P.le E. Fermi, 1, I-80055, Portici (Napoli), Italy
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Gadaleta G, De Gisi S, Picuno C, Heerenklage J, Cafiero L, Oliviero M, Notarnicola M, Kuchta K, Sorrentino A. The influence of bio-plastics for food packaging on combined anaerobic digestion and composting treatment of organic municipal waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:87-97. [PMID: 35334386 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of bio-plastic-based packaging as an alternative to conventional plastic packaging is increasing. Among the plethora of different bio-based plastics, the most relevant ones are those that, at the end of their life, can be treated with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Even in these cases, their impact on the waste processing and recycling is not always positive. This study aim to assess on a laboratory scale the influence on combined anaerobic digestion and composting industrial processes of a bio-based plastic film, namely cellulose acetate (CA), in pure and modified (additions of additive) forms. CA films were mixed with organic waste and subjected to: (i) anaerobic digestion; (ii) active composting and (iii) two stages of curing composting. Anaerobic digestion and composting were monitored through methane yield and oxygen uptake respectively; additionally, the bio-plastics degree of disintegration was assessed during all the processes. The final disintegration of pure and modified CA was 73.82% and 54.66%, respectively. Anaerobic digestion contributes to the disintegration of the material, while aerobic treatment appears to be nearly ineffective, especially for modified CA. The presence of cellulose acetate during anaerobic digestion of food waste increased the methane yield by about 4.5%. Bioassay confirmed the absence of possible toxic effects on the final compost from the bio-plastic treatment. Although bio-based materials are not the only solution to plastic pollution, the findings confirm the need to upgrade the organic waste treatment plants and the necessity to revise the requirements for the use of compost in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gadaleta
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona n.4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabino De Gisi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona n.4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Caterina Picuno
- Hamburg University of Technology - Sustainable Resource and Waste Management, Blohmstraße 15, D-21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joern Heerenklage
- Hamburg University of Technology - Sustainable Resource and Waste Management, Blohmstraße 15, D-21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Livia Cafiero
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), P.le E. Fermi, 1, I-80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Maria Oliviero
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), P.le E. Fermi, 1, I-80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Michele Notarnicola
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona n.4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Kerstin Kuchta
- Hamburg University of Technology - Sustainable Resource and Waste Management, Blohmstraße 15, D-21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), P.le E. Fermi, 1, I-80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy
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Li H, Xu Y, Zheng X, Tan L, Cheng W, Zhang C, Wang Q, Yang B, Gao Y. Optimising mixed aerobic and anaerobic composting process parameters for reducing bacterial pathogenicity in compost-derived products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114293. [PMID: 34915385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although composting techniques are continuously optimised and adjusted, the removal of bacterial pathogen based on the quality of composting products needs further to ensure safe of agricultural use. In this study, we combined aerobic composting and anaerobic process to determine the optimal combination (turning frequency of once a day, the proportion of swine manure to corn straw (3:1), and mixed 6-day anaerobic process) that benefits the reduction of bacterial pathogens, among which the maximum removal efficiency of up to 92.96% was observed for Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 reached, thereby improving the quality of the compost products. The variation partition analysis and redundancy analysis indicated that physicochemical factors such as temperature, TOC, and pH significantly affected the removal of bacterial pathogens. Therefore, the additive effects of physicochemical factors on bacterial pathogen removal requires further process optimisation. These findings offer powerful technological support for improving agricultural waste recycling and enhancing the safety of fertiliser application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyu Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xiangqun Zheng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Lu Tan
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Weimin Cheng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Chunxue Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
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11
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Fernández-Domínguez D, Patureau D, Houot S, Sertillanges N, Zennaro B, Jimenez J. Prediction of organic matter accessibility and complexity in anaerobic digestates. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 136:132-142. [PMID: 34666295 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Further characterization to properly assess the fate of organic matter quality during anaerobic digestion and organic carbon mineralization in soils is required. Organic matter quality based on its accessibility and complexity was employed to successfully classify 28 substrate/digestate pairs through principal components and hierarchical clustering analysis. The two first components explained 58.02% of the variability and four main groups were separated according to the feedstock type. A decrease in the accessibility (16-66%) and an increase in the complexity (34-98%) of the most accessible fractions was noticed. Besides, an increase of non-biodegradable compounds (17-66%) was globally observed after anaerobic digestion. The observed trends in the conversion of organic matter during anaerobic digestion have allowed to fill the gap in the modeling of the anaerobic digestion process chain. Indeed, partial least squares regressions have accurately predicted the organic matter quality of digestates from their inputs (R2 = 0.831, Q2 = 0.593) although the digester operational conditions (temperature and hydraulic retention time) were non-explicative enough. As a novel approach, the predicted digestate quality was used to feed a partial least squares regression model previously developed to predict organic carbon mineralization in soil. The combined models have predicted experimental organic carbon mineralization in soil (R2 = 0.697) with a model quality similar to the model for organic carbon mineralization in soil (R2 = 0.894). This is the first study that has successfully conceived an additional step in the prediction of organic matter fate from raw substrate before anaerobic digestion to soil carbon mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Patureau
- INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Sabine Houot
- UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | | | - Bastien Zennaro
- INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Julie Jimenez
- INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
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12
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Bao Y, Fu Y, Wang C, Wang H. An effective integrated system used in separating for anaerobic digestate and concentrating for biogas slurry. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:4434-4443. [PMID: 32338158 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1761457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an integrated system was developed which achieves full-scale separation and valorization for anaerobic digestate of livestock manure, completes anaerobic digestate separation, biogas residue recovery, biogas slurry concentration and water recovery simultaneously. Compared with the centrifugal pretreatment, the particle size of the biogas slurry is reduced significantly via P/I pretreatment, the liquid recovery ratio is increased to 94.0%, this leads to the substantial increase of the entire system nutrients recovery ratio directly. What's even more valuable is the permeate flux of UF membrane is increased for 2.5 times via P/I pretreatment. The results showed that P/I pretreatment had much better effects in solid-liquid separation of biogas slurry, which reduced the load of the subsequent membrane separation unit and enhanced the UF membrane permeation flux greatly. That prolonged the cleaning cycle and service life of the UF membrane. The efficiency of system was validated according to the nutrients recovery ratios, the biogas slurry concentration efficiency, the recovery of water and the pollutants levels of discharged water. The results showed that the total nutrients recovery ratio was about 100%, the concentration ratios of biogas slurry were more than 3.7 (via UF) and 6.6 (via RO), total water recovery ratio was 46.9% (ratio of the discharged water volume to the digestate volume, the COD removal ratio of the discharged water was 99.9%, the contents of COD, TP and TN were 43.6 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L, which reached the nation integrated wastewater discharged standard class I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Bao
- Chemical Engineering College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Fu
- WoDe Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Wang
- WoDe Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Chemical Engineering College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
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13
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Dutta S, He M, Xiong X, Tsang DCW. Sustainable management and recycling of food waste anaerobic digestate: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125915. [PMID: 34523582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a widely used technology to valorise food waste for biogas production yet a considerable amount of digestate remains under-utilised. Sustainable management and recycling of the nutrient-rich food waste anaerobic digestate (FWD) is highly desirable for closing resource loop and actualising circular economy. This work reviews the distinct properties of FWD and the existing treatment technologies. FWD shows great prospects as a nutrient source for microalgal cultivation and biofuel production. Emerging technologies such as thermal conversion (e.g., pyrolysis and hydrothermal treatment) of FWD into value-added products such as functionalised biochar/hydrochar with diverse applications would be attractive and warrant further research investigation. Integrated AD with subsequent valorisation facilities is highly encouraged to achieve complete utilisation of resources and reduce carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Dutta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingjing He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinni Xiong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Tuszynska A, Wilinska A, Czerwionka K. Phosphorus and nitrogen forms in liquid fraction of digestates from agricultural biogas plants. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3942-3954. [PMID: 32552391 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1770339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe novelty of the presented research is the determination of the nitrogen and phosphorus fraction in the liquid fraction of digestate from agricultural biogas plants. This information is important because it can help in proposing possible further liquid fraction management or developing of new technologies for their purification. The research covered digestates from agricultural biogas plants, obtained from the fermentation of three different groups of waste, i.e. agricultural lignocellulosic waste (where corn silage was a monosubstrate or a dominant co-substrate), food waste (where fruit and vegetable waste or distillery residue were monosubstrate or dominant co-substrate) and livestock manure (where cow manure was a monosubstrate or a dominant co-substrate). Concentrations of nutrients in the liquid fraction of digestates varied within a wide range (230.9-649.1 mg PO43-/L and 1363-3211 mg N/L), and their content was determined by the feedstock characteristic. The highest concentrations of organic phosphorus were found in the liquid fraction of digestates from the fermentation of distillery brew and livestock manure, and the lowest in the fermentation of fruit and vegetable waste. In the liquid fraction of digestates from agricultural biogas plants, regardless of the composition of the feedstock, the dominant nitrogen form was ammonium nitrogen (from 60% to 90% TN). Organic nitrogen was dominated by CON fraction, which was from 35% to 54% of ON. It was 1.3-1.6 times higher than the DON fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tuszynska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Wilinska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czerwionka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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15
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The Effects of Soil Application of Digestate Enriched with P, K, Mg and B on Yield and Processing Value of Sugar Beets. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to find out if the supplementation of digestate, a by-product of the anaerobic digestion of sugar beet pulp, with phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and boron can improve digestate performance as a soil amendment. The materials of this study were: digestate and sugar beet roots (Beta vulgaris cv. Fighter). A field trial was carried out on sugar beet growth under soil application conditions of solid and liquid digestate fractions with or without supplementation with P, K, Mg and B. It was shown that the root yield obtained from the plots amended with digestate supplemented with P, K, Mg and B was higher compared to the yield of other treatments. Soil amendment with digestate supplemented with P, K, Mg and B affected quality parameters of sugar beet roots. An increase in the following parameters under the effects of enriched digestate application was found: sucrose content, dry residue, pomace content, inverted sugars, α-amino and amide nitrogen fractions, as well as sodium and potassium content. A reduction in the content of conductometric ash was noted but this difference was not proven. The enrichment of digestate with P, K, Mg and B resulted in the beneficial modification of beet roots’ processing parameters with the exception of the predicted content of sugar in molasses. In the case of the liquid fraction and its supplementation with P, K, Mg and B, six among eleven technological quality parameters were increased.
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16
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Gurmessa B, Cocco S, Ashworth AJ, Foppa Pedretti E, Ilari A, Cardelli V, Fornasier F, Ruello ML, Corti G. Post-digestate composting benefits and the role of enzyme activity to predict trace element immobilization and compost maturity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125550. [PMID: 34274591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the quality of agricultural waste digestate by composting or co-composting with biogas feedstock (maize silage, food processing waste, or poultry litter). Temperature, phytotoxicity, C/N ratio, water extractable trace elements, and 14 enzyme activities were monitored. Temperature dropped earlier in digestate and maize silage co-composting pile, reducing time to maturity by 20 days. Composting and co-composting reduced phytotoxicity and C/N ratio, but increased immobilization of Al, Ba, Fe, Zn, and Mn at least by 40% in all piles. All the enzyme activities, except arylsulfatase and α-glucosidase, increased at the maturity phase and negatively correlated with organic matter content and most of trace elements. Post-digestate composting or co-composting with biogas feedstock is a promising strategy to improve digestate quality for fertilizer use, and selected enzyme activities can be indicators of compost maturity and immobilization of trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyensa Gurmessa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Stefania Cocco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Amanda J Ashworth
- USDA-ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, 1260 W. Maple St. Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ester Foppa Pedretti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessio Ilari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valeria Cardelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Flavio Fornasier
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per lo Studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo (C.R.E.A.-R.P.S.), 34170 Gorizia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Ruello
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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17
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Cucina M, de Nisi P, Tambone F, Adani F. The role of waste management in reducing bioplastics' leakage into the environment: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125459. [PMID: 34320741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioplastics are becoming more and more widespread as substitutes for petroleum-derived plastics due to their biodegradability. Bioplastics degradation under different environments has been described and reported to depend mainly on bioplastics' compositions and the environmental conditions. Incomplete degradation during waste management processes and leakage of bioplastics into the environment are becoming major concerns that need to be further investigated. In this context, the present paper aimed to review recent literature dealing with biodegradation of bioplastics under industrial (e.g. anaerobic digestion and composting) and natural (e.g. soil and water) environments, and to link it to the potential bioplastics' leakage into the environment. Reviewed data were used to estimate the potential role of waste management processes in decreasing the potential leakage of bioplastics. Depending on bioplastics' type and processing conditions, waste management can effectively reduce bioplastics' potential leakage, decreasing the concentration of these materials that can reach the natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Cucina
- Gruppo Ricicla Lab. - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Patrizia de Nisi
- Gruppo Ricicla Lab. - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fulvia Tambone
- Gruppo Ricicla Lab. - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla Lab. - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
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18
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Cucina M, De Nisi P, Trombino L, Tambone F, Adani F. Degradation of bioplastics in organic waste by mesophilic anaerobic digestion, composting and soil incubation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 134:67-77. [PMID: 34416672 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of high concentrations (10 % w/w, data projected for 2030) of commercial bioplastics, i.e. starch based shopping bags (SBSB) and polylactic acid (PLA) tableware, in the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) on compost quality obtained by pilot-scale dry mesophilic anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of the digestate. After the biological processes, 48.1 % total solids (TS) of SBSB and 15 % TS of PLA degraded, resulting in a high bioplastics content (about 18 % TS) in compost. Subsequent compost incubation in soils indicated that bioplastics degraded by pseudo-zero order kinetics (0.014 and 0.010 mg C cm-2 d-1 for SBSB and PLA, respectively), i.e. complete degradation was expected in 1.6 years (SBSB) and 7.2 years (PLA), confirming the intrinsic biodegradability of bioplastics. Nevertheless, enhancing the rate and amount of bioplastics degradation during waste management represents a goal to decrease the amount of bioplastics reaching the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Cucina
- Gruppo Ricicla Lab. - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia De Nisi
- Gruppo Ricicla Lab. - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Trombino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Ardito Desio - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 34, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fulvia Tambone
- Gruppo Ricicla Lab. - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla Lab. - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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19
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Manu MK, Li D, Liwen L, Jun Z, Varjani S, Wong JWC. A review on nitrogen dynamics and mitigation strategies of food waste digestate composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 334:125032. [PMID: 33964812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Food waste digestate is a by-product of the anaerobic digestion of food waste. Presence of high ammonium nitrogen content significantly increase the nitrogen loss upon direct application on soil or by conventional composting. In this review, a comprehensive discussion regarding the effective management of food waste digestate is outlined, in which global food waste digestate production, characteristics, and composting are discussed. The nitrogen dynamics cycle considering high ammonium nitrogen content in the digestate is also evaluated, including ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, and other possible mechanisms based on the current literature. Mitigation strategies for reducing nitrogen loss via C/N ratio adjustment and the addition of physical, chemical, and microbial amendments were evaluated and estimated for 15 countries based on the available data on food waste anaerobic digestion plants. Reduced nitrogen loss and high quality compost could be produced from food waste digestate by adapting mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Manu
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Dongyi Li
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Luo Liwen
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Zhao Jun
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382 010 Gujarat, India
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong; School of Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou 311800, China.
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20
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Lazcano C, Zhu-Barker X, Decock C. Effects of Organic Fertilizers on the Soil Microorganisms Responsible for N 2O Emissions: A Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050983. [PMID: 34062833 PMCID: PMC8147359 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of organic fertilizers constitutes a sustainable strategy to recycle nutrients, increase soil carbon (C) stocks and mitigate climate change. Yet, this depends largely on balance between soil C sequestration and the emissions of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Organic fertilizers strongly influence the microbial processes leading to the release of N2O. The magnitude and pattern of N2O emissions are different from the emissions observed from inorganic fertilizers and difficult to predict, which hinders developing best management practices specific to organic fertilizers. Currently, we lack a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of OFs on the function and structure of the N cycling microbial communities. Focusing on animal manures, here we provide an overview of the effects of these organic fertilizers on the community structure and function of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms in upland soils. Unprocessed manure with high moisture, high available nitrogen (N) and C content can shift the structure of the microbial community, increasing the abundance and activity of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms. Processed manure, such as digestate, compost, vermicompost and biochar, can also stimulate nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms, although the effects on the soil microbial community structure are different, and N2O emissions are comparatively lower than raw manure. We propose a framework of best management practices to minimize the negative environmental impacts of organic fertilizers and maximize their benefits in improving soil health and sustaining food production systems. Long-term application of composted manure and the buildup of soil C stocks may contribute to N retention as microbial or stabilized organic N in the soil while increasing the abundance of denitrifying microorganisms and thus reduce the emissions of N2O by favoring the completion of denitrification to produce dinitrogen gas. Future research using multi-omics approaches can be used to establish key biochemical pathways and microbial taxa responsible for N2O production under organic fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lazcano
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Xia Zhu-Barker
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Charlotte Decock
- Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
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21
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Pigoli A, Zilio M, Tambone F, Mazzini S, Schepis M, Meers E, Schoumans O, Giordano A, Adani F. Thermophilic anaerobic digestion as suitable bioprocess producing organic and chemical renewable fertilizers: A full-scale approach. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 124:356-367. [PMID: 33662767 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a full-scale study in which organic wastes were transformed by high-solid thermophilic anaerobic digestion (HSAD), into N fertilizers and organic fertilizers, i.e. digestate. The produced fertilizers were characterized over 42 months and their properties were discussed in comparisons with literature data. HSAD coupled with N stripping technology led to ammonia sulphate production having high N concentration (74 ± 2 g kg-1 wet weight), neutral pH (6.8 ± 1.3) and low traces of other elements. Digestate showed both higher carbon (C) content (314 ± 30 g kg-1 on dry matter (DM) and biological stability than green composts, indicating good amendment properties. Digestate was also interesting for its N (77 ± 3.7 g kg-1 dry matter - DM) content, half of it in the ammonia form, and P content (28 ± 4.1 g kg-1 DM) that was 43% readily available as soluble P-orthophosphate. K content was low (6.5 ± 1.3 g kg-1 DM), indicating poor fertilizing ability of digestate for this element. All organic pollutants investigated were much lower than the limits required for agricultural use and levels of some of them were lower than the content revealed for other organic matrices such as agricultural and energy crop digestates and compost. Emerging pollutants (i.e., pharmaceuticals) were tested as markers and they were found to be below the detection limit (<0.01 mg kg-1 DM) indicating very low content. The results obtained showed that HSAD coupled with N stripping allowed transforming sewage sludge into fertilizers and soil improvers exploitable in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrogio Pigoli
- Gruppo Ricicla labs. - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Zilio
- Gruppo Ricicla labs. - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvia Tambone
- Gruppo Ricicla labs. - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Mazzini
- DEFENS - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Micol Schepis
- Acqua & Sole Srl - Via Giulio Natta, 27010 Vellezzo Bellini (PV), Italy
| | - Erik Meers
- Dept. Green Chemistry & Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Oscar Schoumans
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Giordano
- Acqua & Sole Srl - Via Giulio Natta, 27010 Vellezzo Bellini (PV), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla labs. - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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22
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Gielnik A, Pechaud Y, Huguenot D, Cébron A, Esposito G, van Hullebusch ED. Functional potential of sewage sludge digestate microbes to degrade aliphatic hydrocarbons during bioremediation of a petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111648. [PMID: 33213993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge digestate is a valuable organic waste which can be used as fertilizer in soil bioremediation. Sewage sludge digestate is not only a good source of nutrients but is also rich in bacteria carrying alkB genes, which are involved in aliphatic hydrocarbons metabolism. Increase of alkB genes ratio in polluted soils has been observed to improve bioremediation efficiency. In this study, for the first time, the genetic potential of indigenous microorganisms of digestate to degrade petroleum products was assessed. The objectives were to study petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) removal together with shifts in soil taxa and changes in the concentration of alkB genes after digestate application. Initial alkB genes concentration in contaminated soils and digestate was 1.5% and 4.5%, respectively. During soil incubation with digestate, alkB genes percentage increased up to 11.5% and after the addition of bacteria immobilized onto biochar this value increased up to 60%. Application of digestate positively affected soil respiration and bacterial density, which was concomitant with enhanced PHCs degradation. Incubation of soil amended with digestate resulted in 74% PHCs decrease in 2 months, while extra addition of bacteria immobilized onto biochar increased this value up to 95%. The use of digestate affected the microbial community profiles by increasing initial bacterial density and diversity, including taxa containing recognized PHCs degraders. This study reveals the great potential of digestate as a soil amendment which additionally improves the abundance of alkB genes in petroleum contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gielnik
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France; University of Napoli "Federico II", Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, 80125, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Yoan Pechaud
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - David Huguenot
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Aurélie Cébron
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- University of Napoli "Federico II", Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, the Netherlands; Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
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Peng W, Lü F, Duan H, Zhang H, Shao L, He P. Biological denitrification potential as an indicator for measuring digestate stability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:142211. [PMID: 33207506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological stability is an essential parameter for assessing the environmental impact from the land application of digestate as organic amendment. In this paper, a new indicator, biological denitrification potential (BDP), was developed for evaluating the biological stability of digestate. Digestate samples collected along the digestion process from a mesophilic anaerobic batch digester fed with food waste were investigated under different solid retention time. The value of BDP based on nitrate removal ranged from 176.3 to 48.3 mg-N/g-VSdigestate, corresponding well to the digestion time, and strongly correlated with total organic carbon content. Evolution trends similar to respiration index (RI) and biochemical methane potential (BMP) can be also observed for BDP, indicating that values presented of these stability indices decreased with the degree of digestate stabilization. The mass balance of the BDP process indicated that nitrate was mainly converted into N2 gas with mineralizing organic carbon from digestate, implying that biostability evaluated by BDP depends on carbon source and denitrification activity in digestate. The denitrifying bacteria Thiopseudomonas and Pseudomonas accounted for the majority of microorganisms. These findings of this study concluded that BDP can be an efficient indicator to assess the bio-stability of digestate planned for agricultural or land use. Compared with the existing biostability index, BDP has the additional advantage of no exogenous inoculum addition, homogenous test condition and possibility of shortening incubation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Fan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Haowen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Pinjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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24
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Lignite Improved the Quality of Composted Manure and Mitigated Emissions of Ammonia and Greenhouse Gases during Forced Aeration Composting. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su122410528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lignite amendment of livestock manure is considered a viable ammonia (NH3) emission mitigation technique. However, its impact on the subsequent composting of the manure has not been well studied. This work compared changes in biochemical parameters (e.g., organic matter loss and nitrogen (N) transformation) and also the emissions of NH3 and greenhouse gases (GHGs) between lignite-amended and unamended cattle manure during forced aeration composting. Amending manure with lignite did not alter the time to compost stability despite delaying the onset of the thermophilic temperatures. Lignite treatments retained N in the manure by suppressing NH3 loss by 35–54%, resulting in lignite-amended manure composts having 10–19% more total N than the unamended compost. Relative to manure only, lignites reduced GHG emissions over the composting period: nitrous oxide (N2O) (58–72%), carbon dioxide (CO2) (12–23%) and methane (CH4) (52–59%). Low levels of CH4 and N2O emissions were observed and this was attributed to the continuous forced aeration system used in the composting. Lignite addition also improved the germination index of the final compost: 90–113% compared to 71% for manure only. These findings suggest that lignite amendment of manure has the potential to improve the quality of the final compost whilst mitigating the environmental release of NH3 and GHGs.
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25
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Tsigkou K, Zagklis D, Tsafrakidou P, Zafiri C, Kornaros M. Composting of anaerobic sludge from the co-digestion of used disposable nappies and expired food products. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 118:655-666. [PMID: 33011543 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic sludge originating from the co-digestion of used disposable nappies and expired food products treated in a pilot two-stage system was examined as feed material for a continuous pilot-scale composter (capacity: 300 L feed per week). The feed materials and final compost products were analyzed and evaluated for their suitability as compost materials. Ιn terms of stability, the compost products were identified as stable through static respiratory index measurement (0.11-0.24 g O2/(kg Volatile Solids h)), heavy metals concentrations were within acceptable limits (i.e. concentration of Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr, As lower than 1 mg/kg dry mass) as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (0.06-0.34 mg/kg dry mass lower than 6 mg/kg dry mass). During composting, significant losses of nitrogen from the digestate and the urea added for C/N correction were observed (51-75%), indicating that the adjustment of C/N ratio through the addition of chemicals is not efficient in composting processes with forced aeration and the pre-existing nitrogen in digestate was susceptible to air-stripping. The continuous composting process implemented proved capable of producing mature compost with a retention time of 14 d. The final products were within acceptable limits for all the parameters examined, except for the presence of pathogens (Salmonella and Enterococcus) which were not eliminated, even though the composter reached 56 °C for 3-4 days at the thermophilic stage. The characteristics of the anaerobic sludge samples examined indicate that direct land application of the anaerobic effluent should be considered as an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Tsigkou
- Lab. of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Zagklis
- Green Technologies Ltd., 5 Ellinos Stratiotou Str., 26223 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Constantina Zafiri
- Green Technologies Ltd., 5 Ellinos Stratiotou Str., 26223 Patras, Greece
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Lab. of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str, 26504 Patras, Greece.
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26
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Gurmessa B, Pedretti EF, Cocco S, Cardelli V, Corti G. Manure anaerobic digestion effects and the role of pre- and post-treatments on veterinary antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes removal efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137532. [PMID: 32179343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This review was aimed to summarize and critically evaluate studies on removal of veterinary antibiotics (VAs), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) with anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure and demonstrate areas of focus for improved removal efficiency. The environmental risks associated to the release of the same were also critically evaluated. The potential of AD and advanced AD of manure on removal rate of VAs, ARGs and MGEs was thoroughly assessed. In addition, the role of post and pre-AD treatments and their potential to support VAs and ARGs removal efficiency were evaluated. The overall review results show disparity among the different groups of VAs in terms of removal rate with relatively higher efficiency for β-lactams and tetracyclines compared to the other groups. Some of sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones and macrolides were reported to be highly persistent with removal rates as low as zero. Within group differences were also reported in many literatures. Moreover, removal of ARGs and MGEs by AD was widely reported although complete removal was hardly possible. Even in rare scenarios, some AD conditions were reported to increase copies of specific groups of the genes. Temperature pretreatments and temperature phased advanced AD were also reported to improve removal efficiency of VAs while contributing to increased biogas production. Moreover, a few studies also showed the possibility of further removal by post-AD treatments such as liquid-solid separation, drying and composting. In conclusion, the various studies revealed that AD in its current technological level is not a guarantee for complete removal of VAs, ARGs and MGEs from manure. Consequently, their possible release to the soils with digestate could threaten the healthcare and disturb soil microbial ecology. Thus, intensive management strategies need to be designed to increase removal efficiency at the different manure management points along the anaerobic digestion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyensa Gurmessa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Ester Foppa Pedretti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Cocco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valeria Cardelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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27
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Van Poucke R, Egene CE, Allaert S, Lebrun M, Bourgerie S, Morabito D, Ok YS, Ronsse F, Meers E, Tack FMG. Application of biochars and solid fraction of digestate to decrease soil solution Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in contaminated sandy soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:1589-1600. [PMID: 31776888 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar prepared from waste biomass was evaluated as a soil amendment to immobilize metals in two contaminated soils. A 60-day incubation experiment was set up on a French technosol which was heavily contaminated with Pb due to former mining activities. Grass biochar, cow manure biochar (CMB) and two lightwood biochars differing in particle size distribution (LWB1 and LWB2) were amended to the soil at a rate of 2% (by mass). Rhizon soil moisture samplers were employed to assess the Pb concentrations in the soil solution at regular times. After 30 days of incubation, soil solution concentrations in the CMB-amended soil decreased by more than 99% compared to the control. CMB was also applied to a moderately contaminated Flemish soil and resulted in lowered soil solution Cd and Zn concentrations. While the application of 4% CMB resulted in 90% and 80% reductions in soil solution concentrations of Cd and Zn, respectively, the solid fraction of digestate (as a reference) reduced the soil pore water concentrations by only 63% for Cd and 73% for Zn, compared to the concentrations in the control. These results emphasize the potential of biochar to immobilize metals in soil and water systems, thus reducing their phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhart Van Poucke
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Caleb E Egene
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Allaert
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manhattan Lebrun
- INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, University of Orleans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
- Dipartimento Di Bioscienze E Territorio, Università Degli Studi del Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Sylvain Bourgerie
- INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, University of Orleans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Domenico Morabito
- INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, University of Orleans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Frederik Ronsse
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip M G Tack
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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28
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A Review on the Fate of Nutrients and Enhancement of Energy Recovery from Rice Straw through Anaerobic Digestion. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10062047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Open field burning and tilling the rice straw (RS) back into the fields causes environmental threats by contributing to the increased greenhouse gas emissions. Energy and nutrient recovery from RS through anaerobic digestion (AD) is an effective solution for its utilization. Although RS has good methane potential, its characteristics make it a difficult substrate for AD. This paper reviews the characteristics of RS, mass balance, and distribution of nutrients into liquid and solid digestate in the AD. The present review also discusses the effect of temperature, co-digestion, mixing, inoculum, organic loading rate, recycling liquid digestate, the addition of trace elements, and their bioavailability on the enhancement of biogas/methane yield in the AD of RS. In addition, the digestion of RS at various scales is also covered in the review.
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29
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The Nitrification Inhibitor Vizura® Reduces N2O Emissions When Added to Digestate before Injection under Irrigated Maize in the Po Valley (Northern Italy). AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9080431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The agricultural area in the Po Valley is prone to high nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions as it is characterized by irrigated maize-based cropping systems, high amounts of nitrogen supplied, and elevated air temperature in summer. Here, two monitoring campaigns were carried out in maize fertilized with raw digestate in a randomized block design in 2016 and 2017 to test the effectiveness of the 3, 4 DMPP inhibitor Vizura® on reducing N2O-N emissions. Digestate was injected into 0.15 m soil depth at side-dressing (2016) and before sowing (2017). Non-steady state chambers were used to collect N2O-N air samples under zero N fertilization (N0), digestate (D), and digestate + Vizura® (V). Overall, emissions were significantly higher in the D treatment than in the V treatment in both 2016 and 2017. The emission factor (EF, %) of V was two and four times lower than the EF in D in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Peaks of NO3-N generally resulted in N2O-N emissions peaks, especially during rainfall or irrigation events. The water-filled pore space (WFPS, %) did not differ between treatments and was generally below 60%, suggesting that N2O-N emissions were mainly due to nitrification rather than denitrification.
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30
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González-González LM, Eltanahy E, Schenk PM. Assessing the fertilizing potential of microalgal digestates using the marine diatom Chaetoceros muelleri. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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31
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Huang J, Han L, Huang G. Characterization of digestate composting stability using fluorescence EEM spectroscopy combining with PARAFAC. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2019; 37:486-494. [PMID: 30770032 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x19828181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory scale experiment of digestate composting was carried out using a reactor system. In this study, conventional physicochemical and biological analyses were carried out and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was used to assess the maturity and stability during digestate composting. A four-component model was obtained and three components, i.e. fulvic-like (C1 and C3), protein-like (C2), and humic-like (C4) components, were identified. Furthermore, the ratios of each two components were calculated and the relationships with other parameters were established using Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that the main humification process during digestate composting was the accumulation of fulvic-like substances and that secondary formation occurred at the late stage of digestate composting. Moreover, the EEM-PARAFAC technique could be used as a sensitive and efficient tool for assessing the dynamic changes of digestate composting. The ratio C4/(C1 + C3) is the most suitable indicator in evaluating the stability of digestate composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- 1 Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- 2 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lujia Han
- 1 Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangqun Huang
- 1 Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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32
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Tambone F, Orzi V, Zilio M, Adani F. Measuring the organic amendment properties of the liquid fraction of digestate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 88:21-27. [PMID: 31079633 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The liquid fraction (LF) of digestate has usually been proposed as a substitute for mineral fertilizers because of the presence of high N content, above all in easily available form (ammonia). The LF was reported to contain about 66% of dry matter from the digestate. This study reports the characterization of the organic carbon (OC) contained in the LF of digestates obtained from full scale plants by screw-press solid/liquid separation, to find out about their organic amendment properties. Results indicate that LF contains stable OC because of the concentration during anaerobic digestion of recalcitrant molecules, and that its biological stability, measured by oxygen uptake rate, was similar to that of compost, i.e. 40 ± 15 mg O2 g DM-1 20 h-1 and 41.1 ± 5.1 mg O2 g DM-1 20 h-1. 13C NMR indicated that LFs were similar each other and were constituted of recalcitrant Alkyl-C (34.82 ± 5.28% OC) derived from plant and fecal material, Aromatic-C (11.10 ± 2.2% OC) derived from lignin-like structures and O/N-alkyl (44.91 ± 4.87% OC) derived from cellulose/hemicelluloses and protein material. A simple simulation of the real C dosed by using LF as N-fertilizers indicated that amendment properties cannot be ignored. All these results seem to indicate good amendment properties for LFs, contrary to the common opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Tambone
- Gruppo Ricicla Lab., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Orzi
- Gruppo Ricicla Lab., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Zilio
- Gruppo Ricicla Lab., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla Lab., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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33
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Guilayn F, Jimenez J, Rouez M, Crest M, Patureau D. Digestate mechanical separation: Efficiency profiles based on anaerobic digestion feedstock and equipment choice. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:180-189. [PMID: 30504101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Digestate mechanical separation is present in numerous anaerobic digestion plants. In this study, data from literature and from unpublished analysis were gathered to evaluate digestate separation efficiency for different mechanical separators. For the first time, efficiency indicators allowed the definition of two mass distribution profiles. The low-performance profile was characterized by each component being mainly destined to the liquid fraction, excluding P, Mg and Ca in a few cases. Screw presses represented 68% of these separators and 78% of digestates came from mainly fibrous inputs such as cow manure and silage. In the high-performance profile, digestate compounds were effectively concentrated in the solid fraction, except nitrogen. The great majority of separators were decanting centrifuges, and the anaerobic digestion inputs were principally non-fibrous such as pig slurry, sludge and agro-industrial waste. This study represents a source for benchmarking digestate separation and opens a possibility to forecast more realistically digestate separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guilayn
- LBE, INRA, Univ Montpellier, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France; Suez, CIRSEE, 38 rue du Président Wilson, 78230 Le Pecq, France.
| | - J Jimenez
- LBE, INRA, Univ Montpellier, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - M Rouez
- Suez, CIRSEE, 38 rue du Président Wilson, 78230 Le Pecq, France
| | - M Crest
- Suez, CIRSEE, 38 rue du Président Wilson, 78230 Le Pecq, France
| | - D Patureau
- LBE, INRA, Univ Montpellier, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
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34
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Tang Y, Li X, Dong B, Huang J, Wei Y, Dai X, Dai L. Effect of aromatic repolymerization of humic acid-like fraction on digestate phytotoxicity reduction during high-solid anaerobic digestion for stabilization treatment of sewage sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:436-444. [PMID: 29986252 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Humification plays an important role in the sewage sludge stabilization treatment and probably influences the end-product ecotoxicity, which are not fully understood for high-solid anaerobic digestion (AD) process. This study monitored the aromaticity degree of humic acid-like fraction (HA) and detected digestate phytotoxicity during a 48-d high-solid AD. Significant repolymerization of aromatic structures in HA. Electrical conductivity (EC) of digestate changed negatively with the aromaticity degree in HA, and the digestate with high EC had low seed germination index (SGI). A positive correlation between SGI and the aromaticity degree of HA was found. Aromatic repolymerization of HA supplies more aromatic electron-rich sites to form neo-humic polymers and to determine the distribution of organic and/or inorganic phytotoxic compounds; thus, aromatic repolymerization of HA may control the digestate phytotoxicity by reducing excessive salinity. The results showed the effect of HA repolymerization on digestate stabilization and phytotoxicity reduction during the high-solid AD process. The inadequate phytotoxicity reduction efficiency (SGI ≤ 17%) may be ascribed to unaccomplished HA repolymerization, creating a demand for humification intensification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Junjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Lingling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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35
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Scaglia B, Tambone F, Corno L, Orzi V, Lazzarini Y, Garuti G, Adani F. Potential agronomic and environmental properties of thermophilic anaerobically digested municipal sewage sludge measured by an unsupervised and a supervised chemometric approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:791-802. [PMID: 29758434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the most widely used method of sewage sludge treatment (SS) before its agricultural use. AD achieves the required "sterilisation" of pathogens and is able to cover the energy required by the process, reducing pre-treatment costs, thanks to the production of biogas. The SS agronomic (fertilizer properties), environmental (pollutants contents) characteristics and nuisance to people (odours and pathogens) need to be evaluated together for the safe and useful deployment of SS in agriculture. To evaluate SS properties an unsupervised (Principal Component Analysis) and a supervised (K nearest neighbours) chemometric approach was applied to rank digested SS for agronomic and environmental properties in comparison with other organic matrices for which the agronomic and/or environmental properties are well known or expected. To do so, complete chemical, biological and "impact on people" characterization was carried out on SS ingestate (SS-ing.) and SS digestate (SS-dig.) and another 10 biomasses. The SS-AD process enhanced the agronomic properties of sewage sludge and did not lead to a substantial concentration of pollutants because of the low degradation of organic matter. The best PCA performances were reached for amendment and fertilizer modules but the results found for the environment and nuisance to inhabitants were not satisfactory. The KNN approach proposed to evaluate the suitability of a biomass for agricultural purposes, represents a win-win approach as it allows one to avoid time-consuming and costly full field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Scaglia
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano, Italy
| | - Fulvia Tambone
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Corno
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Orzi
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano, Italy
| | - Yuri Lazzarini
- Acqua e Sole, Centro Operativo, Via Giulio Natta, 27010 Vellezzo Bellini (PV), Italy
| | - Gilberto Garuti
- Acqua e Sole, Centro Operativo, Via Giulio Natta, 27010 Vellezzo Bellini (PV), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano, Italy.
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Paolini V, Petracchini F, Segreto M, Tomassetti L, Naja N, Cecinato A. Environmental impact of biogas: A short review of current knowledge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2018; 53:899-906. [PMID: 29652205 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1459076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The social acceptance of biogas is often hampered by environmental and health concerns. In this study, the current knowledge about the impact of biogas technology is presented and discussed. The survey reports the emission rate estimates of the main greenhouse gases (GHG), namely CO2, CH4 and N2O, according to several case studies conducted over the world. Direct emissions of gaseous pollutants are then discussed, with a focus on nitrogen oxides (NOx); evidences of the importance of suitable biomass and digestate storages are also reported. The current knowledge on the environmental impact induced by final use of digestate is critically discussed, considering both soil fertility and nitrogen release into atmosphere and groundwater; several case studies are reported, showing the importance of NH3 emissions with regards to secondary aerosol formation. The biogas upgrading to biomethane is also included in the study: with this regard, the methane slip in the off-gas can significantly reduce the environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Paolini
- a National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research , Monterotondo , Italy
| | - Francesco Petracchini
- a National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research , Monterotondo , Italy
| | - Marco Segreto
- a National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research , Monterotondo , Italy
| | - Laura Tomassetti
- a National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research , Monterotondo , Italy
| | - Nour Naja
- b Boston Northeastern University , Chemical Engineering Department , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
| | - Angelo Cecinato
- a National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research , Monterotondo , Italy
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Fermoso FG, Serrano A, Alonso-Fariñas B, Fernández-Bolaños J, Borja R, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G. Valuable Compound Extraction, Anaerobic Digestion, and Composting: A Leading Biorefinery Approach for Agricultural Wastes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8451-8468. [PMID: 30010339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In a society where the environmental conscience is gaining attention, it is necessary to evaluate the potential valorization options for agricultural biomass to create a change in the perception of the waste agricultural biomass from waste to resource. In that sense, the biorefinery approach has been proposed as the roadway to increase profit of the agricultural sector and, at the same time, ensure environmental sustainability. The biorefinery approach integrates biomass conversion processes to produce fuels, power, and chemicals from biomass. The present review is focused on the extraction of value-added compounds, anaerobic digestion, and composting of agricultural waste as the biorefinery approach. This biorefinery approach is, nevertheless, seen as a less innovative configuration compared to other biorefinery configurations, such as bioethanol production or white biotechnology. However, any of these processes has been widely proposed as a single operation unit for agricultural waste valorization, and a thoughtful review on possible single or joint application has not been available in the literature up to now. The aim is to review the previous and current literature about the potential valorization of agricultural waste biomass, focusing on valuable compound extraction, anaerobic digestion, and composting of agricultural waste, whether they are not, partially, or fully integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Fermoso
- Instituto de Grasa , Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km. 1 , 41013 Seville , Spain
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Instituto de Grasa , Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km. 1 , 41013 Seville , Spain
- School of Civil Engineering , The University of Queensland , Advanced Engineering Building 49, St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Bernabé Alonso-Fariñas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering , University of Seville , Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n , 41092 Seville , Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Bolaños
- Instituto de Grasa , Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km. 1 , 41013 Seville , Spain
| | - Rafael Borja
- Instituto de Grasa , Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km. 1 , 41013 Seville , Spain
| | - Guillermo Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Grasa , Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km. 1 , 41013 Seville , Spain
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Fernandez-Bayo JD, Yazdani R, Simmons CW, VanderGheynst JS. Comparison of thermophilic anaerobic and aerobic treatment processes for stabilization of green and food wastes and production of soil amendments. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 77:555-564. [PMID: 29773481 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The management of organic wastes is an environmental and social priority. Aerobic digestion (AED) or composting and anaerobic digestion (AD) are two organic waste management practices that produce a value-added final product. Few side-by-side comparisons of both technologies and their digestate products have been performed. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of initial feedstock properties (moisture content and/or C/N ratio) on stabilization rate by AED and AD and soil amendment characteristics of the final products. Green and food wastes were considered as they are two of the main contributors to municipal organic waste. Stabilization rate was assessed by measurement of CH4 and CO2 evolution for AD and AED, respectively. For AD, CH4 yield showed a second-order relationship with the C/N content (P < 0.05); the optimal C/N ratio indicated by the relationship was 25.5. For AED, cumulative CO2 evolution values were significantly affected by the C/N ratio and moisture content of the initial feedstock (P < 0.05). A response surface model showed optimal AED stabilization for a C/N of 25.6 and moisture of 64.9% (wet basis). AD final products presented lower soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) but lower humification degree and aromaticity than the products from AED. This lower stability may lead to further degradation when amended to soil. The results suggest that composting feedstocks with higher C/N produces an end-product with higher suitability for soil amendment. The instability of end products from AD could be leveraged in pest control techniques that rely on organic matter degradation to produce compounds with pesticidal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus D Fernandez-Bayo
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Ramin Yazdani
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Yolo County Division of Integrated Waste Management, Woodland, CA 95776, United States
| | - Christopher W Simmons
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Jean S VanderGheynst
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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Duan M, Gu J, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang S, Yin Y, Zhang R. Effects of genetically modified cotton stalks on antibiotic resistance genes, intI1, and intI2 during pig manure composting. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:637-642. [PMID: 28926818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) cotton production generates a large yield of stalks and their disposal is difficult. In order to study the feasibility of using GM cotton stalks for composting and the changes that occur in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during composting, we supplemented pig manure with GM or non-GM cotton stalks during composting and we compared their effects on the absolute abundances (AA) of intI1, intI2, and ARGs under the two treatments. The compost was mature after processing based on the germination index and C/N ratio. After composting, the AAs of ARGs, intI1, and intI2 were reduced by 41.7% and 45.0% in the non-GM and GM treatments, respectively. The ARG profiles were affected significantly by temperature and ammonia nitrogen. In addition, excluding tetC, GM cotton stalks had no significant effects on ARGs, intI1, and intI2 compared with the non-GM treatment (p < 0.05). Thus, similar to non-GM cotton stalks, GM cotton stalks can be used for aerobic composting with livestock manure, and the AAs of ARGs can be reduced. Furthermore, the results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the harmless utilization of GM cotton stalks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sheqi Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanan Yin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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40
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Tambone F, Orzi V, D'Imporzano G, Adani F. Solid and liquid fractionation of digestate: Mass balance, chemical characterization, and agronomic and environmental value. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:1251-1256. [PMID: 28778651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solid-liquid (S/L) separation of digestate (D) represents a simple technology able to produce two fractions having different composition. The aim of this work was to study the effect of S/L separation on dry matter (DM), nitrogen (TKN), phosphorus (P2O5) and heavy metals (HM) repartition into these two fractions and to characterize them. Therefore, thirteen full-scale digestion plants were studied and D, LF and SF were collected during three seasons of the year. Results obtained indicated that unexpectedly, on a mass balance, the liquid fraction still contains the majority of DM, i.e. 67% of the total of D. LF also contained 87% and 71% of TKN and P2O5 respectively. HM contents were in line with typical NP-organic fertilizers. Chemical characterization suggested that the LF can be used as a substitute for mineral N fertilizers because of its high N content, while SF can be proposed as an NP-organic fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Tambone
- Ricicla Group Labs, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia - Soil and Environment Lab., Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Valentina Orzi
- Ricicla Group Labs, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia - Soil and Environment Lab., Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuliana D'Imporzano
- Ricicla Group Labs, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia - Soil and Environment Lab., Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Ricicla Group Labs, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia - Soil and Environment Lab., Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
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41
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Arab G, McCartney D. Benefits to decomposition rates when using digestate as compost co-feedstock: Part I - Focus on physicochemical parameters. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 68:74-84. [PMID: 28751175 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) has gained a significant role in municipal solid waste management, but managing a high volume of digestate is one of the challenges with AD technology. One option is to mix digestate with fresh and/or stabilized organic waste and then feed to the composting process. In this study, the effect of co-composting anaerobic digestate (in different quantities) on a composting process was investigated. The digestate was prepared in a pilot-scale 500L high solids dry anaerobic digester and composting was completed in eight 25L reactors with different ratios of digestate to fresh feedstock from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). The digestate constituted 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, or 100% (wet mass) of the feedstock. The co-composting experiment was conducted in two phases: active aeration and curing. Monitored parameters included: process temperature, aeration rate, oxygen concentration of the outlet gas, mass changes, total solids, organic matter, pH, and electrical conductivity. In addition, respirometry, C:N ratio, ammonium to nitrate ratio, and Solvita® tests were used to quantify stability and maturity end points. The results showed that the addition of digestate to the OFMSW increased composting reaction rates in all cases, with peak performance occurring within the ratio of 20-40% of digestate addition on a wet weight basis. Reactor performance may have been influenced by the high total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) levels in the digestate. Composting rates increased as TAN levels increased up to 5000 TAN mgkg-1DM; however, TAN may have become inhibitory at higher levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Arab
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Daryl McCartney
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; Edmonton Waste Management Centre of Excellence, Site 310, 250 Aurum Road NE, Edmonton, AB T6S 1G9, Canada.
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42
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Kataki S, Hazarika S, Baruah DC. Investigation on by-products of bioenergy systems (anaerobic digestion and gasification) as potential crop nutrient using FTIR, XRD, SEM analysis and phyto-toxicity test. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 196:201-216. [PMID: 28284942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Success and acceptability of the bio energy conversion technology to a large extent depend upon management of the inevitable by-products generated during the conversion process. By-products can be considered favourable as organic fertilizer as they retain nutrients with varying composition depending upon input biomass. However, characteristics of these heterogeneous resources with respect to feedstock and processing conditions have to be assessed to state on their agricultural and environmental benefits. Therefore, 3 types of anaerobic digestion by-products (digestate) from surplus biomass viz. cow dung, Ipomoea carnea:cow dung (60:40 dry weight basis) and rice straw:green gram stover:cow dung (30:30:40 dry weight basis) and one gasification by-product (biochar) from rice husk are considered to understand the fertilizer prospects. Considering 3 potential application options, digestate from each feedstock option was further processed as separated solid, separated liquid and ash from solid digestates. Thus, a total of 10 by-products were investigated for understanding their prospects as fertilizer using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and phyto-toxicity test to have a broad insight in terms of their organic, mineral, elemental composition, morphological feature and potential phyto-toxicity. In general, irrespective of origin of feedstock, solid digestate, ash digestate and char showed similarity in terms of composition of functional groups with some degree of variation in relative content as reflected by FTIR analysis. Dominance of organic functional groups in separated solid digestates compared to liquid fraction indicated the former as favourable organic amendments. Quartz was the prevalent mineral phase in all separated solid, ash digestate and rice husk char. Digestates in ash phase represent more concentrated plant nutrient source with higher content of K, Ca, P, Na and Mg than their respective solid phase. Application of ash digestates and char is likely to improve adsorptive capacity of soil for water and nutrient due to presence of relatively uniformly distributed porous particles. Liquid fraction of Ipomoea digestates exhibited inhibitory effect on seed germination of greengram (Vigna radiate) with significant reduction of germination index. Inhibitory effects of by-products were found to correlate negatively with their electrical conductivity and ammonia-nitrogen content. Understanding on spectroscopic, morphological and phytotoxic properties of different application options of bioenergy by-products would be useful for assessment of their appropriate use in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampriti Kataki
- Energy Conservation Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Assam, India.
| | - Samarendra Hazarika
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umium, Meghalaya, India
| | - D C Baruah
- Energy Conservation Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Assam, India.
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Huang YL, Sun ZY, Zhong XZ, Wang TT, Tan L, Tang YQ, Kida K. Aerobic composting of digested residue eluted from dry methane fermentation to develop a zero-emission process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 61:206-212. [PMID: 28089402 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Digested residue remained at the end of a process for the production of fuel ethanol and methane from kitchen garbage. To develop a zero-emission process, the compostability of the digested residue was assessed to obtain an added-value fertilizer. Composting of the digested residue by adding matured compost and a bulking agent was performed using a lab-scale composting reactor. The composting process showed that volatile total solid (VTS) degradation mainly occurred during the first 13days, and the highest VTS degradation efficiency was about 27% at the end. The raw material was not suitable as a fertilizer due to its high NH4+ and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration. However, the composting process produced remarkable results; the physicochemical properties indicated that highly matured compost was obtained within 62days of the composting process, and the final N concentration, NO3- concentration, and the germination index (GI) at the end of the composting process was 16.4gkg-1-TS, 9.7gkg-1-TS, and 151%, respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of ammonia oxidizers indicated that the occurrence of nitrification during the composting of digested residue was attributed to the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lian Huang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zhao-Yong Sun
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Xiao-Zhong Zhong
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Li Tan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yue-Qin Tang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Kenji Kida
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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Loyon L. Overview of manure treatment in France. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 61:516-520. [PMID: 27955906 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Manure treatment becomes a focal issue in relation to current EU and national policies on environmental, climate and renewable energy matters. The objective of this desk study was to collect all available data on the treatment of manure from cattle, pig and poultry farms for an overview of manure treatment in France. Specific surveys in 2008 showed that 12% of pig farms, 11% of poultry farms and 7.5% of cattle farms was concerned by manure treatment. Taken together, the treatment of pig, poultry and cattle manure accounted for 13.6milliontons corresponding to 11.3% of the total annual tonnage (120milliontons). The main processes, mostly applied on the farm, were composting (8.5milliontons), aerobic treatment (2.9milliontons of pig slurry) and anaerobic digestion (1milliontons). Other manure treatments, including physical-chemical treatment, were less frequent (0.4million of m3). Treated manure was mainly used to fertilize the soil and crops on the farm concerned. Manure treatment can thus be considered to be underused in France. However, anaerobic digestion is expected to expand to reach the European target of 20% of energy from renewable sources. Nevertheless, this expansion will depend on overcoming the constraint requiring registration or normalization of the use of the digestate as fertilizer. Thus, to avoid penalizing farmers, the further development or creation of collective processing platforms is recommended, combined with an N recovery process that will enable the production of organic amendments and fertilizers in an easy marketable form.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Loyon
- Irstea, UR OPAALE, 17 avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France.
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45
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Akhiar A, Battimelli A, Torrijos M, Carrere H. Comprehensive characterization of the liquid fraction of digestates from full-scale anaerobic co-digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 59:118-128. [PMID: 27847231 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Waste management by anaerobic digestion generates a final byproduct, the digestate, which is usually separated into solid and liquid fractions to reduce the volume for transportation. The composition of the solid fraction has been recently studied to allow its valorization. However, full composition of liquid fraction of digestate and its size fractionation are less considered in the literature for efficient post treatment and valorization purposes. Therefore, here we characterized in detail liquid fraction of digestate obtained after solid-liquid separation from 11 full-scale co-digestion plants. The liquid fraction has a high concentration in organic matter with Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from 9.2 to 78g/L with 60-96% of COD in suspended particles (>1.2μm), 2-27% in colloids (1.2μm to 1kDa) and 2-18% in dissolved matter (<1kDa). Besides, it contained from 1.5 to 6.5g/L total nitrogen and high ions concentrations (0.5-3.1g/L NH4+, 1.05-5.48g/L K+, 0-2.13g/L PO43-). In addition, liquid fraction of digestate has poor biodegradability due to presence of humic substances making aerobic treatment inefficient. Only physico-chemical post treatment can be proposed for organic matter removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifi Akhiar
- LBE, INRA, 102 Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France
| | | | | | - Helene Carrere
- LBE, INRA, 102 Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France
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46
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Kuryntseva P, Galitskaya P, Selivanovskaya S. Changes in the ecological properties of organic wastes during their biological treatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 58:90-97. [PMID: 27692790 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic wastes, such as the organic fractions of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) or sewage sludge (SS), have become a serious environmental problem in Russia as well as in other countries. The use of these wastes as soil amendments allows their negative impact on the environment to be minimized. However, before these wastes can be used, they need to be treated appropriately in order to decrease their level of hazard. In this study, composting of raw SS, OFMSW, a mixture of these two wastes (OFMSW+SS) at a ratio 1:2 as well as the anaerobically digested variants of these wastes (SSd, OFMSWd and OFMSWd+SSd) mixed with oiled sawdust was performed. Composting was conducted in the containers containing 20kg of the wastes. The results of three elutriate bioassays (with water flea Daphnia magna, infusoria Paramecium caudatum and radish plant, Raphanus sativus) and one contact bioassay (with oat plant Avena sativa) were used to indirectly estimate changes in the hazardous properties of the biological treatments. Besides, Corg, Ntot content and pH were analyzed in the process of composting. Within the study stability tests to determine maturation process completion were not carried out. It was revealed, that in the process of anaerobic pretreatment for 15days, the toxicity increased by a mean of 1.3-, 1.9- and 1.1-fold for OFMSW, SS and OFMSW+SS, respectively. During composting, the toxicity level of these pretreated samples decreased more rapidly as compared with those which were not pretreated. As a result, the toxicity levels of the elutriates from the final composts made of pretreated wastes OFMSW, SS and OFMSW+SS were three-, two- and 17-fold lower for D. magna and 15-, 21- and 12-fold lower for P. caudatum. As follows from phytotoxicity estimations, composts from digested substrates became mature on the 60th day and had a stimulation effect on the plants after the 90th day of incubation. For the composts prepared from raw substrates, a significantly longer period was needed for maturation. On the basis of ecotoxicity changes of the wastes treated, it can be concluded that anaerobic pretreatment of the municipal solid wastes is an effective acceleration tool for further composting and that waste mixtures can be treated more efficient as compared with raw wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kuryntseva
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - P Galitskaya
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - S Selivanovskaya
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.
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47
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Sun J, Qian X, Gu J, Wang X, Gao H. Effects of oxytetracycline on the abundance and community structure of nitrogen-fixing bacteria during cattle manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:801-807. [PMID: 27318157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities were investigated during cattle manure composting. The abundance and community structure of nitrogen-fixing bacteria were determined by qPCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), respectively. The matrix was spiked with OTC at four levels: no OTC, 10mg/kg dry weight (DW) OTC (L), 60mg/kg DW OTC (M), and 200mg/kg DW OTC (H). The high temperature period of composting was shorter with M and H, and the decline in temperature during the cooling stage was accelerated by OTC. OTC had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the nitrogenase activity during early composting, and the nifH gene abundance declined significantly during the later composting stage. The DGGE profile and statistical analysis showed that OTC changed the nitrogen-fixing bacterial community succession and reduced the community richness and dominance. The nitrogen-fixing bacterial community structure was affected greatly by the high level of OTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xun Qian
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hua Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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48
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Wang D, Xi J, Ai P, Yu L, Zhai H, Yan S, Zhang Y. Enhancing ethanol production from thermophilic and mesophilic solid digestate using ozone combined with aqueous ammonia pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 207:52-58. [PMID: 26868156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment with ozone combined with aqueous ammonia was used to recover residual organic carbon from recalcitrant solid digestate for ethanol production after anaerobic digestion (AD) of rice straw. Methane yield of AD at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, and ethanol production of solid digestate were investigated. The results showed that the methane yield at thermophilic temperature was 72.2% higher than that at mesophilic temperature under the same conditions of 24days and 17% solid concentration. And also the ethanol production efficiency of solid digestate after thermophilic process was 24.3% higher than that of solid digestate after mesophilic process. In this study, the optimal conditions for integrated methane and ethanol processes were determined as 55°C, 17% solid concentration and 24days. 58.6% of glucose conversion, 142.8g/kg of methane yield and 65.2g/kg of ethanol yield were achieved, and the highest net energy balance was calculated as 6416kJ/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianlong Wang
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jiang Xi
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Ai
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Hong Zhai
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuiping Yan
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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49
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Pivato A, Vanin S, Raga R, Lavagnolo MC, Barausse A, Rieple A, Laurent A, Cossu R. Use of digestate from a decentralized on-farm biogas plant as fertilizer in soils: An ecotoxicological study for future indicators in risk and life cycle assessment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 49:378-389. [PMID: 26724231 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the number of decentralized farm biogas plants has increased significantly in the EU. This development leads not only to an increasing amount of biogas produced, but also to a higher amount of digestate obtained. One of the most attractive options to manage the digestate is to apply it as biofertiliser to the soil, because this gives the opportunity of recovering the nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, and of attenuating the loss of organic matter suffered by soils under agricultural exploitation. Studies have claimed that digestates can present a residual biodegradability, and contain complex organic elements, salts or pathogenic bacteria that can damage terrestrial organisms. However few ecotoxicological studies have been performed to evaluate the ecological impact of digestate application on soil. In this study, the use of digestate as biofertiliser in agriculture was assessed by a battery of ecotoxicological tests considering the potential pollutants present in the digestate as a whole by using the "matrix-based" approach (also known as "whole effluent toxicity" for eluates or wastewater effluents). The direct and indirect tests included plant bioassays with Lepidium sativum, earthworm bioassays with Eisenia fetida, aquatic organisms (Artemia sp. and Daphnia magna) and luminescent bacteria bioassays (Vibrio fischeri). Direct tests occurred to be more sensitive than indirect tests. The earthworm bioassays did not show serious negative effects for concentrations up to 15% (dry weight/dry weight percent, w/w dm) and the plant bioassays showed no negative effect, but rather a positive one for concentrations lower than 20% (w/w dm), which encourages the use of digestate as a biofertiliser in agriculture provided that proper concentrations are used. The indirect tests, on the eluate, with the using aquatic organisms and luminescent bacteria showed an LC50 value of 13.61% volume/volume percent, v/v) for D. magna and no toxicity for Artemia sp. and V. fischeri. The ecotoxicological parameters obtained from the experimental activity have been analyzed so that they could serve in both ecological risk assessment (ERA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) to assess the risks and impacts of using digestate as a biofertiliser in agriculture. An interim effect factor of 1.17E-3m(3)/kg-in-soil is advocated and can be used in life cycle impact assessment modelling of terrestrial ecotoxicity. A predicted non effect concentration for soil organisms was defined at 341 mg-digestate/kg-soil and can be used for the dose-response assessment step in ERA. Although these values are recommended for use in ERA and LCA applications, it should be stressed that they underlie important uncertainties, which should be reduced by increasing the number of toxicological tests, in particular of chronic studies conducted at different trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pivato
- DII - Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo n 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Vanin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Roberto Raga
- DII - Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo n 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Lavagnolo
- DII - Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo n 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Barausse
- DII - Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo n 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonia Rieple
- DII - Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo n 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Division for Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU). 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Raffaello Cossu
- DII - Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo n 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
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