1
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Rimal B, Chang JD, Liu C, Kim H, Aderotoye O, Zechmann B, Kim SJ. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:37610-37620. [PMID: 39281927 PMCID: PMC11391442 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of biofilm formation and its elemental composition is crucial for developing effective strategies against biofilm-associated infections. In this study, we employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to investigate the morphological changes and elemental compositions of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. SEM images revealed distinct stages of biofilm development, from initial aggregation to the formation of mature and aged biofilms. EDS analysis consistently showed elevated levels of sodium (Na), oxygen (O), and phosphorus (P) in the biofilm matrix, indicating its high negative charge and the presence of anionic biopolymers. The incorporation of extracellular DNA (eDNA) into the biofilm matrix, leading to significant retention of sodium ions, underscored the importance of electrostatic interactions in biofilm formation and stability. Our findings highlight the potential of EDS analysis in quantifying elemental compositions and elucidating the role of anionic biopolymers in biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binayak Rimal
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - James D Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Chengyin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia 20059, United States
| | - Haley Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Oluwatobi Aderotoye
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia 20059, United States
| | - Bernd Zechmann
- Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia 20059, United States
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2
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Zhang X, Zhao J, Erler DV, Rabiee H, Kong Z, Wang S, Wang Z, Virdis B, Yuan Z, Hu S. Characterization of the redox-active extracellular polymeric substances in an anaerobic methanotrophic consortium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121523. [PMID: 38901321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a microbial process of importance in the global carbon cycle. AOM is predominantly mediated by anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME), the physiology of which is still poorly understood. Here we present a new addition to the current physiological understanding of ANME by examining, for the first time, the biochemical and redox-active properties of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of an ANME enrichment culture. Using a 'Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens'-dominated methanotrophic consortium as the representative, we found it can produce an EPS matrix featuring a high protein-to-polysaccharide ratio of ∼8. Characterization of EPS using FTIR revealed the dominance of protein-associated amide I and amide II bands in the EPS. XPS characterization revealed the functional group of C-(O/N) from proteins accounted for 63.7% of total carbon. Heme-reactive staining and spectroscopic characterization confirmed the distribution of c-type cytochromes in this protein-dominated EPS, which potentially enabled its electroactive characteristic. Redox-active c-type cytochromes in EPS mediated the EET of 'Ca. M. nitroreducens' for the reduction of Ag+ to metallic Ag, which was confirmed by both ex-situ experiments with extracted soluble EPS and in-situ experiments with pristine EPS matrix surrounding cells. The formation of nanoparticles in the EPS matrix during in-situ extracellular Ag + reduction resulted in a relatively lower intracellular Ag distribution fraction, beneficial for alleviating the Ag toxicity to cells. The results of this study provide the first biochemical information on EPS of anaerobic methanotrophic consortia and a new insight into its physiological role in AOM process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Zhang
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jing Zhao
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Ecological Engineering of Mine Wastes, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dirk V Erler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Hesamoddin Rabiee
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zheng Kong
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suicao Wang
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bernardino Virdis
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shihu Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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3
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Zhou Y, Cui X, Wu B, Wang Z, Liu Y, Ren T, Xia S, Rittmann BE. Microalgal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their roles in cultivation, biomass harvesting, and bioproducts extraction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131054. [PMID: 38944317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are complex high-molecular-weight polymers and the physicochemical properties of EPS strongly affect the core features of microalgae cultivation and resource utilization. Revealing the key roles of EPS in microalgae life-cycle processes in an interesting and novelty topic to achieve energy-efficient practical application of microalgae. This review found that EPS showed positive effect in non-gas uptake, extracellular electron transfer, toxicity resistance and heterotrophic symbiosis, but negative impact in gas transfer and light utilization during microalgae cultivation. For biomass harvesting, EPS favored biomass flocculation and large-size cell self-flocculation, but unfavored small size microalgae self-flocculation, membrane filtration, charge neutralization and biomass dewatering. During bioproducts extraction, EPS exhibited positive impact in extractant uptake, but the opposite effect in cellular membrane permeability and cell rupture. Future research on microalgal EPS were also identified, which offer suggestions for comprehensive understanding of microalgal EPS roles in various scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaocai Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tian Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States of America
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4
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Levy IK, Salustro D, Battaglini F, Lizarraga L, Murgida DH, Agusti R, D’Accorso N, Raventos Segura D, González Palmén L, Negri RM. Quantification of Enzymatic Biofilm Removal Using the Sauerbrey Equation: Application to the Case of Pseudomonas protegens. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10445-10458. [PMID: 38463305 PMCID: PMC10918834 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
A methodology for the quantitative analysis of enzymatic removal of biofilms (BF) was developed, based on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) under stationary conditions. This was applied to the case of Pseudomonas protegens (PP) BFs, through a series of five enzymes, whose removal activity was screened using the presented methodology. The procedure is based on the following: when BFs can be modeled as rigid materials, QCM can be used as a balance under stationary conditions for determining the BFs mass reduction by enzymatic removal. For considering a BF as a rigid model, energy dissipation effects, associated with viscoelastic properties of the BF, must be negligible. Hence, a QCM system with detection of dissipation (referred to as QCM with dissipation) was used for evaluating the energy losses, which, in fact, resulted in negligible energy losses in the case of dehydrated PP BFs, validating the application of the Sauerbrey equation for the change of mass calculations. The stationary methodology reduces operating times and simplifies data analysis in comparison to dynamic approaches based on flow setups, which requires the incorporation of dissipation effects due to the liquid media. By carrying out QCM, glycosidase-type enzymes showed BF removal higher than 80% at enzyme concentration 50 ppm, reaching removal over 90% in the cases of amylase and cellulase/xylanase enzymes. The highest removal percentage produced a reduction from about 15 to 1 μg in the BF mass. Amylase enzyme was tested from below 50 to 1 ppm, reaching around 60% of removal at 1 ppm. The obtained results were supported by other instrumental techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, high performance anion exchange chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The removal quantifications obtained with QCM were compared with those obtained by well-established screening techniques (UV-vis spectrophotometry using crystal violet and agar diffusion test). The proposed methodology expands the possibility of using a quartz microbalance to perform enzymatic activity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana K. Levy
- Instituto
de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente
y Energía (INQUIMAE). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas
y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Débora Salustro
- Instituto
de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente
y Energía (INQUIMAE). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas
y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Fernando Battaglini
- Instituto
de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente
y Energía (INQUIMAE). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas
y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Analítica y Química Física. Facultad de Ciencias
Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Lizarraga
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Analítica y Química Física. Facultad de Ciencias
Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Centro
de Investigación en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional
de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Daniel H. Murgida
- Instituto
de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente
y Energía (INQUIMAE). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas
y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Analítica y Química Física. Facultad de Ciencias
Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Rosalía Agusti
- Centro
de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Consejo Nacional
de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET),
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos
Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Norma D’Accorso
- Centro
de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Consejo Nacional
de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET),
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos
Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | | | | | - R. Martín Negri
- Instituto
de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente
y Energía (INQUIMAE). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas
y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Analítica y Química Física. Facultad de Ciencias
Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
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5
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Pechaud Y, Derlon N, Queinnec I, Bessiere Y, Paul E. Modelling biofilm development: The importance of considering the link between EPS distribution, detachment mechanisms and physical properties. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:120985. [PMID: 38118257 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In industry, treatments against biofilms need to be optimized and, in the wastewater treatment field, biofilm composition needs to be controlled. Therefore, describing the biochemical and physical structures of biofilms is now required to better understand the influence of operating parameters and treatment on biofilms. The present study aims to investigate how growth conditions influence EPS composition, biofilm physical properties and volume detachment using a 1D biofilm model. Two types of EPS are considered in the present model, proteins and polysaccharides. The main hypotheses are that: (i) the production of polysaccharides occurs mainly under strong nutrient limitation(s) while the production of proteins is coupled to both the substrate uptake rate and the lysis process; (ii) the local biofilm porosity depends on the local biofilm composition. Both volume and surface detachment occur in biofilms and volume detachment extent depends on the biofilm local cohesion and thus on the local composition of biofilms for a given shear stress. The model is based on experimental trends and aims to represent these observations on the basis of biochemical and physical processes. Four case studies covering a wide range of contrasting growth conditions such as different COD/N ratios, applied SOLR and shear stresses are investigated. The model predicts how the biochemical and physical biofilm structures change as a result of contrasting growth conditions. More precisely simulation results are in good agreement with the main experimental observations reported in the literature, such as: (i) a strong nitrogen limitation of growth induces an important accumulation of polysaccharides leading to a more porous and homogenous biofilm, (ii) a high applied surface organic loading load allows to obtain a high biofilm thickness, (iii) a strong shear stress applied during the biofilm growth leads to a reduction of the biofilm thickness and to a consolidation of the biofilm structure. Overall, this model represents a relevant decision tool for the selection of appropriate enzymatic treatments in the context of negative biofilm control. From our results, it appears that protease based treatments should be more appropriate for biofilms developed under low COD/N ratios (about 20 gCOD/gN) whereas both glucosidases and proteases based treatments should be more appropriate for biofilms developed under high COD/N ratio (about 70 gCOD/gN). In addition, the model could be useful for other applications such as resource recovery in biofilms or granules, and help to better understand biological membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pechaud
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Université de Toulouse, 35 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France; Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), Université Gustave Eiffel, Marne-la-Vallée 77454, France.
| | - N Derlon
- EAWAG, Ueberlandstrasse 133, P.O Box 611, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - I Queinnec
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du Colonel Roche, Toulouse F-31400, France
| | - Y Bessiere
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Université de Toulouse, 35 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - E Paul
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Université de Toulouse, 35 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France.
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6
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Zhou G, Dong P, Luo X, Zhu L, Mao Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Combined effects of cold and acid on dual-species biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Listeria monocytogenes under simulated chilled beef processing conditions. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104394. [PMID: 37919003 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Interactions across bacterial species boundaries are usually influenced by environmental stresses, yet little has been evaluated regarding multifactorial stresses on the fate of dual-species biofilm formation in food industry. In this study, the processing conditions of chilled beef were established as a combination of cold and acid stresses (4 °C and pH 5.4), with pH 7.0 or 25 °C serving as the controls, to investigate the interaction of dual-species biofilm between Pseudomonas fluorescens and Listeria monocytogenes. Dual-species biofilms significantly increased biofilm formation at 72 h under the condition of 25°C-pH7.0 and 25°C-pH5.4 (P < 0.05). Compared with mono-species biofilms, the cell numbers of L. monocytogenes in dual-species biofilms were lower at 25 °C (P < 0.05), however, the adherent cells of L. monocytogenes was higher in dual-species biofilms at 4 °C (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the amount of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins secreted by single P. fluorescens biofilms at 4 °C was more than three times than those at 25 °C. The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy further profiled the variability of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composition. Additionally, RT-qPCR results revealed an upregulation of biofilm-related and genes in co-culture species. It provides valuable insights into the strategies for removing mixed biofilms under diverse stressful conditions in practical food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yunge Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Yimin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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7
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Qian J, Atallah Al-Asad H, Parniske J, Brandl A, Degenhardt M, Morck T. Influence of effluent particles and particle-bound micropollutants on the removal of micropollutants and UVA 254 in wastewater effluent ozonation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115915. [PMID: 38194809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the influence of effluent particles and activated sludge (AS) particles on the removal of micropollutants via wastewater effluent ozonation within typical effluent total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations. A series of batch experiments revealed that particle concentrations up to 30 mg/L had a minor impact on the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in the aqueous phase. Moreover, the reduction of UV absorbance at 254 nm (UVA254) was negatively correlated to the level of particle concentration at ozone doses higher than 0.5 gO3/gDOC. It indicates that UVA254 abatement was more sensitive to the presence of particles compared to OMP removal. Organic micropollutants (OMPs) sorbed on effluent particles and sludge particles were extracted before and after ozonation. OMP sorption in effluent particles was 2-5 times higher than that in sludge particles. During the ozonation of raw secondary effluent, particle-bound micropollutants were removed comparably to the micropollutants in the aqueous phase. This suggests that the boundary layer surrounding the particle didn't affect the removal of OMPs in the particle phase. Furthermore, the removal of existing OMPs (irbesartan, sulfamethoxazole, and metoprolol) in the effluent was used to assess the ozone and •OH exposure. In water samples with and without particles, the elimination of OMPs could be reliably predicted (R² > 0.95) by calculated ozone and •OH exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueying Qian
- University of Kassel, Chair of Urban Water Engineering, Kurt-Wolters-Street 3, 34125 Kassel, Germany
| | - Hana Atallah Al-Asad
- University of Kassel, Chair of Urban Water Engineering, Kurt-Wolters-Street 3, 34125 Kassel, Germany
| | - Janna Parniske
- University of Kassel, Chair of Urban Water Engineering, Kurt-Wolters-Street 3, 34125 Kassel, Germany
| | - Andrea Brandl
- University of Kassel, Chair of Urban Water Engineering, Kurt-Wolters-Street 3, 34125 Kassel, Germany
| | - Monika Degenhardt
- University of Kassel, Chair of Urban Water Engineering, Kurt-Wolters-Street 3, 34125 Kassel, Germany
| | - Tobias Morck
- University of Kassel, Chair of Urban Water Engineering, Kurt-Wolters-Street 3, 34125 Kassel, Germany.
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8
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Chen Y, Zhang B, Zhang P, Shi G, Liang H, Cai W, Gao J, Zhuang S, Luo K, Zhu J, Chen C, Ma K, Chen J, Hu C, Xing X. Synergistic effects of trace sulfadiazine and corrosion scales on disinfection by-product formation in bulk water of cast iron pipe. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122866. [PMID: 37926409 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of trace sulfadiazine (SDZ) and cast-iron corrosion scales on the disinfection by-product (DBP) formation in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) were investigated. The results show that under the synergistic effect of trace SDZ (10 μg/L) and magnetite (Fe3O4), higher DBP concentration occurred in the bulk water with the transmission and distribution of the drinking water. Microbial metabolism-related substances, one of the important DBP precursors, increased under the SDZ/Fe3O4 condition. It was found that Fe3O4 induced a faster microbial extracellular electron transport (EET) pathway, resulting in a higher microbial regrowth activity. On the other hand, the rate of chlorine consumption was quite high, and the enhanced microbial EET based on Fe3O4 eliminated the need for microorganisms to secrete excessive extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). More importantly, EPS could be continuously secreted due to the higher microbial activity. Finally, high reactivity between EPS and chlorine disinfectant resulted in the continuous formation of DBPs, higher chlorine consumption, and lower EPS content. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the trace antibiotics polluted water sources and cast-iron corrosion scale composition in the future. This study reveals the synergistic effects of trace antibiotics and corrosion scales on the DBP formation in DWDSs, which has important theoretical significance for the DBP control of tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Boxuan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pojun Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guogui Shi
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wu Cai
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyu Gao
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sumin Zhuang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaiyin Luo
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chaoxiang Chen
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Kunyu Ma
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jinrong Chen
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xueci Xing
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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9
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Zhang Y, Young P, Traini D, Li M, Ong HX, Cheng S. Challenges and current advances in in vitro biofilm characterization. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300074. [PMID: 37477959 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells encased in a self-produced polymeric matrix, which develop over time and exhibit temporal responses to stimuli from internal biological processes or external environmental changes. They can be detrimental, threatening public health and causing economic loss, while they also play beneficial roles in ecosystem health, biotechnology processes, and industrial settings. Biofilms express extreme heterogeneity in their physical properties and structural composition, resulting in critical challenges in understanding them comprehensively. The lack of detailed knowledge of biofilms and their phenotypes has deterred significant progress in developing strategies to control their negative impacts and take advantage of their beneficial applications. A range of in vitro models and characterization tools have been developed and used to study biofilm growth and, specifically, to investigate the impact of environmental and growth factors on their development. This review article discusses the existing knowledge of biofilm properties and explains how external factors, such as flow condition, surface, interface, and host factor, may impact biofilm growth. The limitations of current tools, techniques, and in vitro models that are currently used for biofilms are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Marketing, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaokoon Cheng
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Dhami NK, Greenwood PF, Poropat SF, Tripp M, Elson A, Vijay H, Brosnan L, Holman AI, Campbell M, Hopper P, Smith L, Jian A, Grice K. Microbially mediated fossil concretions and their characterization by the latest methodologies: a review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1225411. [PMID: 37840715 PMCID: PMC10576451 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of well-preserved organic matter (OM) within mineral concretions has provided key insights into depositional and environmental conditions in deep time. Concretions of varied compositions, including carbonate, phosphate, and iron-based minerals, have been found to host exceptionally preserved fossils. Organic geochemical characterization of concretion-encapsulated OM promises valuable new information of fossil preservation, paleoenvironments, and even direct taxonomic information to further illuminate the evolutionary dynamics of our planet and its biota. Full exploitation of this largely untapped geochemical archive, however, requires a sophisticated understanding of the prevalence, formation controls and OM sequestration properties of mineral concretions. Past research has led to the proposal of different models of concretion formation and OM preservation. Nevertheless, the formation mechanisms and controls on OM preservation in concretions remain poorly understood. Here we provide a detailed review of the main types of concretions and formation pathways with a focus on the role of microbes and their metabolic activities. In addition, we provide a comprehensive account of organic geochemical, and complimentary inorganic geochemical, morphological, microbial and paleontological, analytical methods, including recent advancements, relevant to the characterization of concretions and sequestered OM. The application and outcome of several early organic geochemical studies of concretion-impregnated OM are included to demonstrate how this underexploited geo-biological record can provide new insights into the Earth's evolutionary record. This paper also attempts to shed light on the current status of this research and major challenges that lie ahead in the further application of geo-paleo-microbial and organic geochemical research of concretions and their host fossils. Recent efforts to bridge the knowledge and communication gaps in this multidisciplinary research area are also discussed, with particular emphasis on research with significance for interpreting the molecular record in extraordinarily preserved fossils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep K. Dhami
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul F. Greenwood
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen F. Poropat
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Madison Tripp
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amy Elson
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hridya Vijay
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Luke Brosnan
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alex I. Holman
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew Campbell
- The Trace and Environmental DNA lab (trEND), School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Hopper
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lisa Smith
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Jian
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kliti Grice
- Western Australian – Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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11
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Ning Z, Zhang L, Cai L, Xu X, Chen Y, Wang H. Biofilm removal mediated by Salmonella phages from chicken-related sources. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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12
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Vittoria M, Saggese A, Di Gregorio Barletta G, Castaldi S, Isticato R, Baccigalupi L, Ricca E. Sporulation efficiency and spore quality in a human intestinal isolate of Bacillus cereus. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104030. [PMID: 36738815 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria classified as Bacillus cereus sensu stricto cause two different type of gastrointestinal diseases associated with food poisoning. Outbreaks of this opportunistic pathogen are generally due to the resistance of its spores to heat, pH and desiccation that makes hard their complete inactivation from food products. B. cereus is commonly isolated from a variety of environments, including intestinal samples of infected and healthy people. We report the genomic and physiological characterization of MV19, a human intestinal strain closely related (ANI value of 98.81%) to the reference strain B. cereus ATCC 14579. MV19 cells were able to grow in a range of temperatures between 20 and 44 °C. At the optimal temperature the sporulation process was rapidly induced and mature spores efficiently released, however these appeared structurally and morphologically defective. At the sub-optimal growth temperature of 25 °C sporulation was slow and less efficient but a high total number of fully functional spores was produced. These results indicate that the reduced rapidity and efficiency of sporulation at 25 °C are compensated by a high quality and quantity of released spores, suggesting the relevance of different performances at different growth conditions for the adaptation of this bacterium to diverse environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Anella Saggese
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Loredana Baccigalupi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
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13
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Wang X, Jiang C, Wang D, Yang Y, Fan L, Xu S, Zhuang X. Quorum sensing responses of activated sludge to free nitrous acid: Zoogloea deformation, AHL redistribution, and microbiota acclimatization. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 238:119993. [PMID: 37146395 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Free nitrous acid (FNA) has been widely employed for improvement of wastewater management by altering sludge characteristic and function based on its polymer lysing and biocidal capacity. Sludge characteristic and function are commonly considered as the joint consequence of microbial individual behaviors and quorum sensing (QS) involved collective behaviours, but the role of the latter in FNA treatment was still as-yet-unidentified and addressed in this research. The results of sludge morphology and component characterized FNA-induced zoogloea deformation, including inner cell exposure, half of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) reduction and adsorption site depletion. During zoogloea deformation, four acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), including C4-HSL, C8-HSL, C10-HSL and C12-HSL, transferred inward of microbiota, and their total contents reduced by 66% because of depressed signal production, augmented decomposer and recognition. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed QS driven by AHL redistribution facilitated microbiota acclimatization including cellular motility and hydrolase synthesis for EPS consumption. Boosted motility may favor escaping from stress spot and moderating intercellular acidity based on cell motility test. Feasible EPS consumption provided nutrition for heterotrophic metabolisms testified by pure culture with EPS as sole nutrition. Our work thus comprehensively revealed QS behaviours responding to FNA and deepened the understanding to FNA treatment performance in wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cancan Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Danhua Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Lijing Fan
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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14
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Leighton RE, Correa Vélez KE, Xiong L, Creech AG, Amirichetty KP, Anderson GK, Cai G, Norman RS, Decho AW. Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in vitro colonization on plastics influenced by temperature and strain variability. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1099502. [PMID: 36704570 PMCID: PMC9871911 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1099502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine bacteria often exist in biofilms as communities attached to surfaces, like plastic. Growing concerns exist regarding marine plastics acting as potential vectors of pathogenic Vibrio, especially in a changing climate. It has been generalized that Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus often attach to plastic surfaces. Different strains of these Vibrios exist having different growth and biofilm-forming properties. This study evaluated how temperature and strain variability affect V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus biofilm formation and characteristics on glass (GL), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). All strains of both species attached to GL and all plastics at 25, 30, and 35°C. As a species, V. vulnificus produced more biofilm on PS (p ≤ 0.05) compared to GL, and biofilm biomass was enhanced at 25°C compared to 30° (p ≤ 0.01) and 35°C (p ≤ 0.01). However, all individual strains' biofilm biomass and cell densities varied greatly at all temperatures tested. Comparisons of biofilm-forming strains for each species revealed a positive correlation (r = 0.58) between their dry biomass weight and OD570 values from crystal violet staining, and total dry biofilm biomass for both species was greater (p ≤ 0.01) on plastics compared to GL. It was also found that extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) chemical characteristics were similar on all plastics of both species, with extracellular proteins mainly contributing to the composition of EPS. All strains were hydrophobic at 25, 30, and 35°C, further illustrating both species' affinity for potential attachment to plastics. Taken together, this study suggests that different strains of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus can rapidly form biofilms with high cell densities on different plastic types in vitro. However, the biofilm process is highly variable and is species-, strain-specific, and dependent on plastic type, especially under different temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E. Leighton
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States,NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Karlen Enid Correa Vélez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States,NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Liyan Xiong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Addison G. Creech
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Karishma P. Amirichetty
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Gracie K. Anderson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Guoshuai Cai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - R. Sean Norman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States,NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Alan W. Decho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States,NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Alan W. Decho,
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15
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Wang D, Cui F, Ren L, Tan X, Li Q, Li J, Li T. Enhancing the Inhibition Potential of AHL Acylase PF2571 against Food Spoilage by Remodeling Its Substrate Scope via a Computationally Driven Protein Design. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14510-14521. [PMID: 36331356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) acylases are widely used as quorum sensing (QS) blockers to inhibit bacterial food spoilage. However, their substrate specificity for long-chain substrates weakens their efficiency. In this study, a computer-assisted design of AHL acylase PF2571 was performed to modify its substrate scope. The results showed that the variant PF2571H194Y, L221R could effectively quench N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone and N-octanoyl-l-homoserine lactone without impairing its activity against long-chain AHLs. Kinetic analysis of the enzymatic activities further corroborated the observed substrate expansion. The inhibitory activities of this variant were significantly enhanced against the QS phenotype of Aeromonas veronii BY-8, with inhibition rates of 45.67, 78.25, 54.21, and 54.65% against proteases, motility, biofilms, and extracellular polysaccharides, respectively. Results for molecular dynamics simulation showed that the steric hindrance, induced by residue substitution, could have been responsible for the change in substrate scope. This study dramatically improves the practicability of AHL acylase in controlling food spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Liaoning, Jinzhou121013, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Fangchao Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Liaoning, Jinzhou121013, China
| | - Likun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Heilongjiang, Harbin150076, China
| | - Xiqian Tan
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Liaoning, Jinzhou121013, China
| | - Qiuying Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Liaoning, Jinzhou121013, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Liaoning, Jinzhou121013, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Liaoning, Dalian116029, China
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16
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Benladghem Z, Seddiki SML, Dergal F, Mahdad YM, Aissaoui M, Choukchou-Braham N. Biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes: assessment by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and microscopic imaging. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:852-864. [PMID: 36314078 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2139610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The decline in the performance of spiral-wound reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes is frequently due to biofouling. This study focus on qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of SWRO membrane biofouling. Bacterial counts on the different surfaces of the fouled membranes were carried out. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was performed to highlight clogging materials as well as their natures and identity. The topography of the fouled membranes and the structures of biofilms were visualized by fluorescence microscopy (FM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated the presence of bacteria in the different SWRO membrane areas. Those strongly adhered were significantly higher than those weakly. It varied between 26 × 105 and 262 × 105 CFU m-2. However, SERS mapping showed different fouling levels and the thickness of the fouling layer was 5 µm. Microscopic imaging revealed biotic and abiotic deposits. These data can together allow better management of the seawater desalination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Benladghem
- Antifungal Antibiotic: Physico-Chemical Synthesis and Biological Activity laboratory, Biology department, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Sidi Mohammed Lahbib Seddiki
- Antifungal Antibiotic: Physico-Chemical Synthesis and Biological Activity laboratory, Biology department, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
- Laboratory for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, University Center of Naâma, Naâma, Algeria
| | - Fayçal Dergal
- Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-Chemical Analysis, Tipaza, Algeria
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Synthesis in Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Yassine Moustafa Mahdad
- Laboratory for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, University Center of Naâma, Naâma, Algeria
- Department of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Aissaoui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Tamanghasset, Tamanghasset, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Choukchou-Braham
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Synthesis in Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
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17
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Misra T, Tare M, Jha PN. Insights Into the Dynamics and Composition of Biofilm Formed by Environmental Isolate of Enterobacter cloacae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:877060. [PMID: 35865928 PMCID: PMC9294512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.877060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are clinically admissible and illustrate an influential role in infections, particularly those related to the implant of medical devices. The characterization of biofilms is important to understand the etiology of the diseases. Enterobacter cloacae are known for causing infections by forming biofilms on various abiotic surfaces, such as medical devices. However, a detailed characterization in terms of morphology and the molecular composition of the formed biofilms by this bacterium is sparse. The present study provides insights into the biofilm formation of E. cloacae SBP-8, an environmental isolate, on various surfaces. We performed assays to understand the biofilm-forming capability of the SBP-8 strain and characterized the adhering potential of the bacteria on the surface of different medical devices (foley latex catheter, enteral feeding tube, and glass) at different temperatures. We found that medical devices exhibited strong colonization by E. cloacae SBP-8. Using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies, we characterized the biofilms as a function of time. It indicated stronger biofilm formation in terms of cellular density and EPS production on the surfaces. Further, we characterized the biofilm employing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and identified the vast heterogenic nature of the biofilm-forming molecules. Interestingly, we also found that this heterogeneity varies from the initial stages of biofilm formation until the maturation and dispersion. Our studies provide insights into biofilm composition over a period of time, which might aid in understanding the biofilm dispersion phases, to enhance the presently available treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghana Tare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Prabhat Nath Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
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18
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Liu XY, Guo S, Bocklitz T, Rösch P, Popp J, Yu HQ. Nondestructive 3D imaging and quantification of hydrated biofilm matrix by confocal Raman microscopy coupled with non-negative matrix factorization. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 210:117973. [PMID: 34959065 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are ubiquitous in natural and engineered environments and of great importance in drinking water distribution and biological wastewater treatment systems. Simultaneously acquiring the chemical and structural information of the hydrated biofilm matrix is essential for the cognition and regulation of biofilms in the environmental field. However, the complexity of samples and the limited approaches prevent a holistic understanding of the biofilm matrix. In this work, an approach based on the confocal Raman mapping technique integrated with non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) analysis was developed to probe the hydrated biofilm matrix in situ. The flexibility of the NMF analysis was utilized to subtract the undesired water background signal and resolve the meaningful biological components from Raman spectra of the hydrated biofilms. Diverse chemical components such as proteins, bacterial cells, glycolipids and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) were unraveled within the distinct Pseudomonas spp. biofilm matrices, and the corresponding 3-dimensional spatial organization was visualized and quantified. Of these components, glycolipids and PHA were unique to the P. aeruginosa and P. putida biofilm matrix, respectively. Furthermore, their high abundances in the lower region of the biofilm matrix were found to be related to the specific physiological functions and surrounding microenvironments. Overall, the results demonstrate that our NMF Raman mapping method could serve as a powerful tool complementary to the conventional approaches for identifying and visualizing the chemical components in the biofilm matrix. This work may facilitate the online characterization of the biofilm matrix widely present in the environment and advance the fundamental understanding of biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena D-07743, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Shuxia Guo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena D-07743, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena D-07743, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena D-07743, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena D-07743, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena D-07743, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena D-07743, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, Jena D-07745, Germany.
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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19
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Tow EW, Rad B, Kostecki R. Biofouling of filtration membranes in wastewater reuse: In situ visualization with confocal laser scanning microscopy. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Controlled spatial organization of bacterial growth reveals key role of cell filamentation preceding Xylella fastidiosa biofilm formation. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:86. [PMID: 34876576 PMCID: PMC8651647 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological plasticity of bacteria to form filamentous cells commonly represents an adaptive strategy induced by stresses. In contrast, for diverse human and plant pathogens, filamentous cells have been recently observed during biofilm formation, but their functions and triggering mechanisms remain unclear. To experimentally identify the underlying function and hypothesized cell communication triggers of such cell morphogenesis, spatially controlled cell patterning is pivotal. Here, we demonstrate highly selective cell adhesion of the biofilm-forming phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa to gold-patterned SiO2 substrates with well-defined geometries and dimensions. The consequent control of both cell density and distances between cell clusters demonstrated that filamentous cell formation depends on cell cluster density, and their ability to interconnect neighboring cell clusters is distance-dependent. This process allows the creation of large interconnected cell clusters that form the structural framework for macroscale biofilms. The addition of diffusible signaling molecules from supernatant extracts provides evidence that cell filamentation is induced by quorum sensing. These findings and our innovative platform could facilitate therapeutic developments targeting biofilm formation mechanisms of X. fastidiosa and other pathogens.
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21
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Li R, Li L, Zhang Z, Chen G, Tang Y. Limiting factors of heavy metals removal during anaerobic biological pretreatment of municipal solid waste landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126081. [PMID: 34492899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An anaerobic biofilm reactor was used to pretreat a typical municipal solid waste landfill leachate. It was challenging to remove Fe, Pb, and Ni to meet the discharge-to-sewer standards at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) typically used in previous studies. This work further systematically studied the factors that limited the metal removal. The HRT limited metal removal because the required metal sulfides precipitation time was more than 3.5 times of the HRT. Sulfide availability only slightly limited the metal removal since adding sulfate above the stoichiometric requirement improved the metal removal by only 5-11%. Via experiments combined with modeling, it was found that metal bisulfide was the dominant complex that limited Fe removal, but humic acids-metal complex was the dominant complex that limited the removal of Pb and Ni. When the total dissolved sulfide concentration is <18 mg/L, humic substances are more limiting the removal of the three metals than bisulfide. On the other hand, when the total dissolved sulfide concentration is >250 mg/L, bisulfide is more limiting than humic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runwei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310-6064, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310-6064, USA; Florida Department of Environmental Protection, 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, Tallahassee, FL 32399-3000, USA
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310-6064, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310-6064, USA
| | - Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310-6064, USA.
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22
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Izadi P, Izadi P, Eldyasti A. Holistic insights into extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in anammosx bacterial matrix and the potential sustainable biopolymer recovery: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129703. [PMID: 33578118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process has been proven to be a favorable and innovative process, for treatment of nitrogen-rich wastewater due to decreased oxygen and carbon requirements at very high nitrogen loading rates. Anammox process is mainly operated through biofilm or granular sludge structures, as for such slow-growing microorganisms, elevated settling velocity of granules allows for adequate biomass retention and lowered potential risk of washouts. Stability of granular sludge biomass is extremely critical, yet the formation mechanism is poorly understood. There are number of important functions linked to Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) in anammox bacterial matrix, such as; structural stability, aggregation promotion, maintenance of physical structure in the granules, water preserving and protective cell barrier. There is an increasing demand to introduce accurate methods for proper EPS extraction and characterization, to expand the perception of anammox granule stability and potential resource recovery. Analyzing EPS with a focus on various (mechanical and physical) properties can lead to biopolymer production from granular sludge. Biopolymers such as EPS are attractive alternatives substituting the conventional chemical polymers furthermore their recovery from the waste sludge and the potential applications in industrial sectors, leads to a radical enhancement of both environmental and economical sustainability, accelerating the circular economy advancements. Here, this study aims to overview the newest understanding on the structure of anammox sludge EPS, obtained recently and to assess the potential challenges and prospects to identify the knowledge gaps towards constructing an inclusive anammox EPS recovery and characterization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parin Izadi
- Lassonde School of Engineering, Civil Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Parnian Izadi
- Lassonde School of Engineering, Civil Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ahmed Eldyasti
- Lassonde School of Engineering, Civil Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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23
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Li J, Du Q, Peng H, Wei D, Liu Q, Bi Y, Liu T, Lin J, Qin C. Spectroscopic investigation of the interaction between extracellular polymeric substances and tetracycline during sorption onto anaerobic ammonium-oxidising sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1787-1797. [PMID: 31622177 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1680743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the interaction between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and tetracycline during sorption onto anaerobic ammonium-oxidising (anammox) sludge was investigated. The results showed that EPS significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of tetracycline by sludge, and the adsorption data were better fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Further, the concentration of proteins in the EPS decreased from 12.31 ± 0.42 to 6.82 ± 0.46 mg/gVSS for various tetracycline dosages (0-20 mg/L), whereas the concentration of polysaccharides did not change. Multiple spectroscopic methods were used to analyze the interaction between EPS and tetracycline. A three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix revealed that the fluorescence intensity of protein-like substances obviously decreased with the increasing addition of tetracycline. According to synchronous fluorescence spectra analysis, static quenching was the major quenching process and there was one type of binding site in the protein-like substances. Additionally, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy showed that tryptophan-like aromatic protein was more susceptible to tetracycline binding than tyrosine-like aromatic protein. Moreover, the main functional groups involved in complexation of tetracycline and EPS were C-O, C-C and C-N (stretching vibration) and the pyrrole ring of the tryptophan side chain. This study provides useful information on the interaction between EPS and tetracycline and demonstrates the role of EPS in protecting microorganism from tetracycline in the anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangqiang Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Wei
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqian Bi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxi Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyi Qin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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24
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Hou R, Wang Y, Zhou S, Zhou L, Yuan Y, Xu Y. Aerobic degradation of nonhalogenated organophosphate flame esters (OPEs) by enriched cultures from sludge: Kinetics, pathways, bacterial community evolution, and toxicity evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143385. [PMID: 33243516 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The degradation by bacteria has been considered the main process for eliminating nonhalogenated organophosphate esters (OPEs) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but limited research has reported the biodegradation processes and clarified the microbial-mediated mechanisms for nonhalogenated OPE degradation in WWTPs. The aim of this study was to monitor the biodegradation of the most common nonhalogenated OPEs, namely, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris (n-butyl) phosphate (TNBP) and trisphenyl phosphate (TPHP), under aerobic conditions by sludge cultures from a conventional sewage plant. The microbial cultures were enriched separately with each OPE from activated sludge cultures, and the presence of glucose significantly enhanced degradation of the OPEs during the enrichment. The removal ratios for the three OPEs reached 29.3-89.9% after 5 cycles (25 days) of cultivation, and the first-order degradation kinetics followed the order of TPHP > TBOEP > TNBP, with their half-lives ranging between 12.8 and 99.0 h. Pathways of hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methoxylation, and substitution were confirmed for the aerobic biodegradation of these nonhalogenated OPEs, but only di-alkyl phosphates (DAPs) largely accumulated in culture medium as the most predominant transformation products. Phylotypes in Klebsiella were significantly more abundant during OPE biodegradation than in the initial sludge, which indicated that these microorganisms are associated with the biodegradation of nonhalogenated OPEs in sludge culture. Biodegradation of all investigated nonhalogenated OPEs was associated with a significant reduction in the residual toxicity to Vibrio fischeri, indicating a rather positive ecotoxicological outcome of the aerobic biotransformation processes achieved by the enriched sludge culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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25
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Biswal AK, Thodikayil AT, Saha S. pH-Sensitive Acetalated Dextran/PLGA-Based Double-Layered Microparticles and Their Application in Food Preservation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2429-2441. [PMID: 35014362 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Double-layered microparticles (150-190 μm) composed of biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and pH-responsive acetalated dextran were fabricated using a one-step emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Nearly 80% dextran was released from the microparticles after 20 days of incubation in pH ∼ 5 medium, and the complete disappearance of shell (Ac-dextran) layer was also evident from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images after 20 days under the same condition. However, the Ac-dextran shell was found to remain unchanged in neutral pH. Dual actives such as antibacterial (benzoic acid) and antioxidant (tocopherol) were incorporated in the shell and core of the microparticles to exploit their applications as food-preserving materials. An accelerated release of antibacterial and a controlled release of antioxidant were found to be useful for prolonging the shelf life of a low-pH food such as pork broth (pH ∼ 5) over 20 days by providing complete bacterial growth inhibition and high radical scavenging efficiency (70-90%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agni Kumar Biswal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | | | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
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26
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Kniggendorf AK, Nogueira R, Lorey C, Roth B. Calcium carbonate deposits and microbial assemblages on microplastics in oligotrophic freshwaters. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128942. [PMID: 33220990 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are solid polymer particles with a wide variety of surface properties, found in most waterbodies, and known as carriers of distinct microbial communities affecting the fate of the particles in the environment. Little is known about the formation of mineral deposits on microplastics and how these deposits connect to microbial assemblages and affect the physicochemical properties of the particles. In addition, most of the available research on this topic is based on large microplastics with sizes between 100 μm and up to 5 mm, rather than the small microplastics often found in drinking water sources. To narrow this gap in our understanding of environmental effects on small microplastics, two types of small microplastics made of two distinct polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) with sizes ranging from 15 to 150 μm, were incubated for six months in unprocessed and processed drinking water with increasing ionic concentration to allow for the formation of mineral deposits and microbial assemblages. Spatially resolved analysis with fluorescent in situ hybridization and confocal Raman microscopic imaging revealed deposits of calcium carbonates and scattered microbial assemblages on all microplastics, with structure, extend, and microbial association with the carbonates depending on the respective microplastic. Notably, PTFE floatation was overcome after three months in unprocessed drinking water but remained unchanged in processed drinking water, whereas PMMA appeared unaffected, indicating that the fate of microplastics in the environment may depend on polymer type and the encountered aquatic conditions forming mineral and microbial attachments to the particle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Kniggendorf
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Nienburger Str. 17, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Regina Nogueira
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Corinna Lorey
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Roth
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Nienburger Str. 17, 30167, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
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27
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Chen W, Yu HQ. Advances in the characterization and monitoring of natural organic matter using spectroscopic approaches. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116759. [PMID: 33360618 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is ubiquitous in environment and plays a fundamental role in the geochemical cycling of elements. It is involved in a wide range of environmental processes and can significantly affect the environmental fates of exogenous contaminants. Understanding the properties and environmental behaviors of NOM is critical to advance water treatment technologies and environmental remediation strategies. NOM is composed of characteristic light-absorbing/emitting functional groups, which are the "identification card" of NOM and susceptive to ambient physiochemical changes. These groups and their variations can be captured through optical sensing. Therefore, spectroscopic techniques are elegant tools to track the sources, features, and environmental behaviors of NOM. In this work, the most recent advances in molecular spectroscopic techniques, including UV-Vis, fluorescence, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy, for the characterization, measurement, and monitoring of NOM are reviewed, and the state-of-the-art innovations are highlighted. Furthermore, the limitations of current spectroscopic approaches for the exploration of NOM-related environmental processesand how these weaknesses/drawbacks can be addressed are explored. Finally, suggestions and directions are proposed to advance the development of spectroscopic methods in analyzing and elucidating the properties and behaviors of NOM in natural and engineered environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha410083, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China.
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28
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Su Z, Yu W, Liu T, Li X, Graham NJD, Lu Y, Wiesner MR. Discovery of Welcome Biopolymers in Surface Water: Improvements in Drinking Water Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2076-2086. [PMID: 33435682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of biopolymers in surface waters and their significance for potable water supply have received little attention previously owing to their low concentrations. In this paper, we present the results of an extensive study that has investigated the role and benefits of biopolymers during the purification of surface water with reference to their specific biological and physico-chemical properties. Using samples collected from two representative surface waters in China and the United Kingdom, macromolecular biopolymers were separated and concentrated for subsequent investigation of their role in coagulation, metal ion adsorption, and membrane separation. Our results show that biopolymers significantly improve the antifouling capability of membrane nanofiltration, in combination with the enhanced conventional coagulation performance and additional security against several unhealthy metal pollutants (e.g., Fe, Al, and Cr). We believe this is the first study that reveals the versatile benefits and the fate of natural biopolymers in surface water purification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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29
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Escudero C, Del Campo A, Ares JR, Sánchez C, Martínez JM, Gómez F, Amils R. Visualizing Microorganism-Mineral Interaction in the Iberian Pyrite Belt Subsurface: The Acidovorax Case. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:572104. [PMID: 33324359 PMCID: PMC7726209 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.572104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being considered an extreme environment, several studies have shown that life in the deep subsurface is abundant and diverse. Microorganisms inhabiting these systems live within the rock pores and, therefore, the geochemical and geohydrological characteristics of this matrix may influence the distribution of underground biodiversity. In this study, correlative fluorescence and Raman microscopy (Raman-FISH) was used to analyze the mineralogy associated with the presence of members of the genus Acidovorax, an iron oxidizing microorganisms, in native rock samples of the Iberian Pyrite Belt subsurface. Our results suggest a strong correlation between the presence of Acidovorax genus and pyrite, suggesting that the mineral might greatly influence its subsurface distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Escudero
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Planetología y Habitabilidad, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Del Campo
- Departamento de Electrocerámica, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose R Ares
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Martínez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Gómez
- Departamento de Planetología y Habitabilidad, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Amils
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Planetología y Habitabilidad, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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30
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Xu Y, Zheng L, Geng H, Liu R, Dai X. Enhancing acidogenic fermentation of waste activated sludge via isoelectric-point pretreatment: Insights from physical structure and interfacial thermodynamics. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116237. [PMID: 32739701 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The poor biodegradability of waste activated sludge (WAS) is widely regarded as one of the main bottlenecks in the fermentation of sludge and is attributed mainly to the complex nature of sludge. In this study, the physical structure and interfacial thermodynamics of sludge, which reflect its complex nature, were explored to reveal the effects of isoelectric-point (pI) pretreatment on enhancing the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). It was observed that the maximum VFA production and the initial VFA production rate increased by 151.2% and 46.6%, respectively, after pI pretreatment, which indicates that pI pretreatment significantly improved the generation efficiency of VFA. The experimental results of 12-day acidogenic fermentation assays following pI pretreatment show that the maximum concentrations of soluble total organic carbon, soluble protein and soluble polysaccharide increased by 209.8%, 148.9% and 84.5%, respectively, and the maximal proportion of low molecular weight (<1 kDa) soluble organic substances increased by 92.4%, thus confirming that pI pretreatment can promote organic solubilisation and hydrolysis in sludge. The analyses of changes in the fractal dimension (Df), the spatial configuration of extracellular polymeric substances, and the interfacial non-covalent interaction energy of sludge during the fermentation process reveal that pI pretreatment can loosen the physical structure, promote the spatial extension of biopolymer molecular chains, and increase the driving forces of solid-liquid interfacial enzymatic reactions. It is thus hypothesised that these changes could be responsible for the high degree of organic solubilisation, hydrolysis and acidification of WAS, which is further confirmed by correlation analyses of the Df and interfacial free energy versus VFA production. These findings are expected to provide a possible means to improve the biodegradability of sludge via its pI to trigger dismantling of the sludge structure and increase the driving forces of interfacial enzymatic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Linke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Hui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, PR China.
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31
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Liu X, Li Z, Fan Y, Lekbach Y, Song Y, Xu D, Zhang Z, Ding L, Wang F. A Mixture of D-Amino Acids Enhances the Biocidal Efficacy of CMIT/MIT Against Corrosive Vibrio harveyi Biofilm. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:557435. [PMID: 33013788 PMCID: PMC7498826 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.557435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocides are widely used for the mitigation of microbial contamination, especially in the field of the aviation fuel industry. However, the long-term use of biocide has raised the concerns regarding the environmental contamination and microbial drug resistance. In this study, the effect of a mixture of D-amino acids (D-tyrosine and D-methionine) on the enhancement of the bactericidal effect of 5-Chloro-2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one/2-Methyl-2H-isothiazole-3-one (CMIT/MIT) against corrosive Vibrio harveyi biofilm was evaluated. The results revealed that D-Tyr and D-Met alone can enhance the biocidal efficacy of CMIT/MIT, while the treatment of 5 ppm CMIT/MIT, 1 ppm D-Tyr and 100 ppm D-Met showed the best efficacy comparable to that of 25 ppm CMIT/MIT alone. The triple combination treatment successfully prevented the establishment of the corrosive V. harveyi biofilm and effectively removed the mature V. harveyi biofilm. These conclusions were confirmed by the results of sessile cell counts, images obtained by scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope, and the ATP test kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongqiang Fan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yassir Lekbach
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongbo Song
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dake Xu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Fuhui Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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32
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Huang Y, Flint SH, Palmer JS. Bacillus cereus spores and toxins – The potential role of biofilms. Food Microbiol 2020; 90:103493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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33
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Fouling control in a gravity-driven membrane (GDM) bioreactor treating primary wastewater by using relaxation and/or air scouring. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Wang J, Liu Q, Dong D, Hu H, Wu B, Ren H. In-situ monitoring of the unstable bacterial adhesion process during wastewater biofilm formation: A comprehensive study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 140:105722. [PMID: 32474216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The initial bacterial adhesion phase is a pivotal and unstable step in the formation of biofilms. The initiation of biofilm formation is an unstable process caused by the reversible adhesion of bacteria, which is always time-consuming and yet to be elucidated. In this study, impedance-based real time cell analysis (RTCA) was employed to comprehensively investigate the initial bacterial adhesion process. Results showed that the time required for the unstable adhesion process was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by increasing the initial concentration of bacteria, which is mainly attributed to the large deposition rate of bacteria at high concentrations. In addition, the unstable adhesion process is also regulated by shear stress, derived in this work from orbital shaking. Shear stress improves the reversibility of unstable bacterial attachment. Furthermore, attachment characteristics during the unstable phase vary between different species of bacteria (Sphingomonas rubra, Nakamurella multipartita and mixed bacteria). The S. rubra strain and mixed culture were more prone to adhere to the substratum surface during the unstable process, which was attributed to the smaller xDLVO energy barrier and motility of species in comparison with N. multipartita. Meanwhile, the molecular composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the initial attachment phase presented a significant difference in expressed proteins, indicating the important role of proteins in EPS that strengthen bacterial adhesion. Overall, these findings suggest that during the biofilm reactor start-up process, seed sludge conditions, including the bacterial concentration, composition and hydraulics, need to be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qiuju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Deyuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haidong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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35
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Falsafi SR, Rostamabadi H, Assadpour E, Jafari SM. Morphology and microstructural analysis of bioactive-loaded micro/nanocarriers via microscopy techniques; CLSM/SEM/TEM/AFM. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 280:102166. [PMID: 32387755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Efficient characterization of the physicochemical attributes of bioactive-loaded micro/nano-vehicles is crucial for the successful product development. The introduction of outstanding science-based strategies and techniques makes it possible to realize how the characteristics of the formulation ingredients affect the structural and (bio)functional properties of the final bioactive-loaded carriers. The important points to be solved, at a microscopic level, are investigating how the features of the formulation ingredients affect the morphology, surface, size, dispersity, as well as the particulate interactions within bioactive-comprising nano/micro-delivery systems. This review presents a detailed description concerning the application of advanced microscopy techniques, i.e., confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in characterizing the attributes of nano/microcarriers for the efficient delivery of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the fundamental principles of these approaches, instrumentation, specific applications, and the strategy to choose the most proper technique for different carriers has been discussed.
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36
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Gieroba B, Krysa M, Wojtowicz K, Wiater A, Pleszczyńska M, Tomczyk M, Sroka-Bartnicka A. The FT-IR and Raman Spectroscopies as Tools for Biofilm Characterization Created by Cariogenic Streptococci. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3811. [PMID: 32471277 PMCID: PMC7313032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy and mapping were applied to the analysis of biofilms produced by bacteria of the genus Streptococcus. Bacterial biofilm, also called dental plaque, is the main cause of periodontal disease and tooth decay. It consists of a complex microbial community embedded in an extracellular matrix composed of highly hydrated extracellular polymeric substances and is a combination of salivary and bacterial proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and inorganic ions. This study confirms the value of Raman and FT-IR spectroscopies in biology, medicine, and pharmacy as effective tools for bacterial product characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gieroba
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (B.G.); (M.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Mikolaj Krysa
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (B.G.); (M.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Kinga Wojtowicz
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (B.G.); (M.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Pleszczyńska
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.P.)
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Sroka-Bartnicka
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (B.G.); (M.K.); (K.W.)
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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37
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Ma H, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Kobayashi T, Kubota K, Li YY. Simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery using an anammox expanded reactor operated at 25 °C. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115510. [PMID: 31982794 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While anammox is a cost-effective nitrogen treatment process for wastewater with high nutrient strength, phosphorus remains untouched during this process and needs further treatment. In this study, the nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery were achieved simultaneously at 25 °C using an anammox expanded bed. A stable high nitrogen removal efficiency of 83.7 ± 4.8% at a 1500 mgN/L influent total nitrogen concentration and a phosphorus removal efficiency of 94.2 ± 1.2% at 100 mg P/L influent total phosphorus were obtained during continuous operation. The effects of the nitrogen loading rate, hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH, Ca2+ and PO43- concentration on the phosphorus removal was verified in the long-term operation of the reactor. The sludge produced contained a high content of phosphorus mainly in the form of hydroxyapatite (HAP), and the sludge composition strongly reflected the nitrogen and phosphorus loading. The structure of the anammox-HAP composite granules was illustrated by the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Raman spectroscopic mapping analysis. The results in this study indicate that by controlling the operation parameters, it is possible to integrate a high efficiency phosphorus recovery with the anammox process, and significantly reduce the nutrient loading for further wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yi Xue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuro Kobayashi
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kengo Kubota
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
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38
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Xu Y, Lu Y, Zheng L, Wang Z, Dai X. Effects of humic matter on the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: New insights from sludge structure. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125421. [PMID: 31995876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A sludge structure perspective of the effects of humic matter (HM) on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge was proposed and investigated in this study. It was observed that the net cumulative methane production of sludge was significantly lower in the presence of HM. The fractal dimension values of sludge samples were increased by the addition of HM, whilst their total surface energy values were decreased, indicating that HM reinforced the stability of the sludge structure. Analyses of the physicochemical properties of different sludge samples revealed that HM enhanced the structural stability of sludge organic substances and restricted its organic solubility by interacting with the biopolymers to form a dense granular aggregate, thereby reducing the random-coil degree of extracellular organic substances and its active sites for enzymes, which suggested that HM could inhibit AD by changing the sludge structure. It was further confirmed by the biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay process. The BMP tests and corresponding kinetic analyses revealed that HM can restrict the potentials of sludge organic solubilisation, hydrolysis and acidification processes, but not necessarily the rates of these processes by enhancing the structural stability of high molecular weight readily biodegradable organic matter (RBOM) and restricting the mobility of low molecular weight RBOM (i.e., hydrolysis products). These findings can enrich understanding of the AD of sludge and may thus aid in the development of more effective methods to improve sludge treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yiqing Lu
- Tongji Architectural Design (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Linke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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39
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Su H, Zhang D, Antwi P, Xiao L, Liu Z, Deng X, Asumadu-Sakyi AB, Li J. Effects of heavy rare earth element (yttrium) on partial-nitritation process, bacterial activity and structure of responsible microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135797. [PMID: 31806320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Yttrium (Y(III)) is mined commercially for industrial purposes due to its excellent physical properties. However, the effects of Y(III) in mining-wastewater on the performance of partial-nitritation process and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) have not been explored. To elucidate Y(III) effects on biological mechanisms, kinetics was conducted to establish a correlation between Y(III) dosage and specific-oxygen-uptake-rate (SOUR). The mechanism(s) demonstrated by bacterial population to resist against toxic effects from Y(III) dose was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy-(SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy-(EDS), confocal laser scanning microscopy-(CLSM),Fourier transform infrared-(FTIR) spectroscopy, and 2-dimensional correlation infrared-(2DCOS-IR) approach. The study revealed a strong correlation between ammonium oxidation rate (AOR) and Y(III) dosage. AOR promotion was more pronounced when Y(III) concentration was ≤20 mg/L (maximum AOR of 12.39 mgN/L/h, at 5 mg/L), whereas inhibition when Y(III) in influent was >20 mg/L (minimum AOR of 7.34 mgN/L/h, at 500 mg/L). Aiba model demonstrated high-performance (R2 = 0.962) when Y(III) concentration ranged 0-20 mg/L, whereas linear model fitted well (R2 of 0.984) to experimental data when Y(III) dose ranged 20-500 mg/L. The maximum change in SOUR (Vmax), half-rate constant (Km), and inhibition constant (Ki) reached 1.04 d-1, 20.12 mg/L, and 4.87 mg/L, respectively, an indication that dosage of Y(III) could affect the partial-nitritation process. SEM-EDS showed that the content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) increased along with increasing Y(III) dosage. When 20 mg/L of Y(III) was dosed, the fraction of Y(III) within the surface elemental composition of the sludge increased gradually whereas that of calcium decreased. To further comprehend the EPS production, CLSM results further revealed β-polysaccharide as the dominant component in the EPS. FTIR/2DCOD-IR showed that the chelation of polyguluronic sections within β-polysaccharide, together with hydrazine might be the main pathways of cell resistance, but β- glucan, may have caused the hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, PR China
| | - Dachao Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, PR China.
| | - Philip Antwi
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, PR China.
| | - Longwen Xiao
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, PR China
| | - Zuwen Liu
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, PR China
| | - Akwasi Bonsu Asumadu-Sakyi
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, 2 George St., Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jianzheng Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
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40
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Coenye T, Kjellerup B, Stoodley P, Bjarnsholt T. The future of biofilm research - Report on the '2019 Biofilm Bash'. Biofilm 2019; 2:100012. [PMID: 33447799 PMCID: PMC7798458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2019.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In May 2019, 29 scientists with expertise in various subdisciplines of biofilm research got together in Leavenworth (WA, USA) at an event designated as the ‘2019 Biofilm Bash’. The goal of this informal two-day meeting was first to identify gaps in our knowledge, and then to come up with ways how the biofilm community can fill these gaps. The meeting was organized around six questions that covered the most important items brought forward by the organizers and participants. The outcome of these discussions is summarized in the present paper. We are aware that these views represent a small subset of our field, and that inevitably we will have inadvertently overlooked important developing research areas and ideas. We are nevertheless hopeful that this report will stimulate discussions and help create new ways of how we can advance our field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,ESCMID Study Group on Biofilms, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birthe Kjellerup
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,National Biofilms Innovation Centre (NBIC), UK.,National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- ESCMID Study Group on Biofilms, Basel, Switzerland.,Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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41
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Liu XY, Guo S, Ramoji A, Bocklitz T, Rösch P, Popp J, Yu HQ. Spatiotemporal Organization of Biofilm Matrix Revealed by Confocal Raman Mapping Integrated with Non-negative Matrix Factorization Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 92:707-715. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Shuxia Guo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the Research Alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anuradha Ramoji
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the Research Alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the Research Alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the Research Alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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42
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Lu L, Wang B, Zhang Y, Xia L, An D, Li H. Identification and nitrogen removal characteristics of Thauera sp. FDN-01 and application in sequencing batch biofilm reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:61-69. [PMID: 31284195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A strain FDN-01 was isolated from the sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) which was seeded with wasted activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Shanghai. Bacterium FDN-01 was identified as Thauera sp., and Genbank Sequence_ID was KY393097. By comparing inorganic total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency by strain FDN-01 under different conditions, the optimal initial pH, carbon source and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen were 7.5, sodium succinate and 4.0, respectively. Inorganic TN removal efficiency was 93% within 3 d while the concentration of nitrate was 100 mg/L, and the type of substrates affected extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production and the ratio of protein to polysaccharide in the EPS. Further investigation for the application of strain FDN-01 in the SBBRs showed that anoxic ammonia oxidation occurred at room temperature, and the removal efficiencies of inorganic TN were noticeably enhanced by the augmentation of bacterium FDN-01 back into the SBBR. This study provided a promising method of TN removal requiring less carbon source in the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Boji Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lijun Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dong An
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hongjing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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43
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Jung O, Saravia F, Wagner M, Heißler S, Horn H. Quantifying Concentration Polarization - Raman Microspectroscopy for In-Situ Measurement in a Flat Sheet Cross-flow Nanofiltration Membrane Unit. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15885. [PMID: 31685941 PMCID: PMC6828971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the concentration polarization layer (CPL) of sulphate in a cross-flow membrane system was measured in-situ using Raman microspectroscopy (RM). The focus of this work is to introduce RM as a new tool for the study of mass transfer inside membrane channels in reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) generally. Specifically, this work demonstrates how to use RM for locally resolved measurement of sulphate concentration in a cross-flow flat-sheet NF membrane flow cell with channel dimensions similar to commonly applied RO/NF spiral wound modules (channel height about 0.7 mm). Concentration polarization profiles of an aqueous magnesium sulphate solution of 10 gsulphate·L−1 were obtained at operating pressure of 10 bar and cross-flow velocities of 0.04 and 0.2 m·s−1. The ability of RM to provide accurate concentration profiles is discussed thoroughly. Optical effects due to refraction present one of the main challenges of the method by substantially affecting signal intensity and depth resolution. The concentration profiles obtained in this concept study are consistent with theory and show reduced CPL thickness and membrane wall concentration with increasing cross-flow velocity. The severity of CP was quantified to reach almost double the bulk concentration at the lower velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Jung
- Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut (EBI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florencia Saravia
- DVGW Research Laboratories for Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG-1), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Heißler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut (EBI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany. .,DVGW Research Laboratories for Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Fanesi A, Paule A, Bernard O, Briandet R, Lopes F. The Architecture of Monospecific Microalgae Biofilms. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090352. [PMID: 31540235 PMCID: PMC6780892 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biofilms have been proposed as an alternative to suspended cultures in commercial and biotechnological fields. However, little is known about their architecture that may strongly impact biofilm behavior, bioprocess stability, and productivity. In order to unravel the architecture of microalgae biofilms, four species of commercial interest were cultivated in microplates and characterized using a combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. In all the species, the biofilm biovolume and thickness increased over time and reached a plateau after seven days; however, the final biomass reached was very different. The roughness decreased during maturation, reflecting cell division and voids filling. The extracellular polymeric substances content of the matrix remained constant in some species, and increased over time in some others. Vertical profiles showed that young biofilms presented a maximum cell density at 20 μm above the substratum co-localized with matrix components. In mature biofilms, the maximum density of cells moved at a greater distance from the substratum (30–40 μm), whereas the maximum coverage of matrix components remained in a deeper layer. Carbohydrates and lipids were the main macromolecules changing during biofilm maturation. Our results revealed that the architecture of microalgae biofilms is species-specific. However, time similarly affects the structural and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fanesi
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Armelle Paule
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, BIOCORE, BP 93, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
| | - Romain Briandet
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Filipa Lopes
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Cattò C, Cappitelli F. Testing Anti-Biofilm Polymeric Surfaces: Where to Start? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3794. [PMID: 31382580 PMCID: PMC6696330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Present day awareness of biofilm colonization on polymeric surfaces has prompted the scientific community to develop an ever-increasing number of new materials with anti-biofilm features. However, compared to the large amount of work put into discovering potent biofilm inhibitors, only a small number of papers deal with their validation, a critical step in the translation of research into practical applications. This is due to the lack of standardized testing methods and/or of well-controlled in vivo studies that show biofilm prevention on polymeric surfaces; furthermore, there has been little correlation with the reduced incidence of material deterioration. Here an overview of the most common methods for studying biofilms and for testing the anti-biofilm properties of new surfaces is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cattò
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Jaafreh S, Valler O, Kreyenschmidt J, Günther K, Kaul P. In vitro discrimination and classification of Microbial Flora of Poultry using two dispersive Raman spectrometers (microscope and Portable Fiber-Optic systems) in tandem with chemometric analysis. Talanta 2019; 202:411-425. [PMID: 31171202 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination and classification of eight strains related to meat spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms commonly found in poultry meat were successfully carried out using two dispersive Raman spectrometers (Microscope and Portable Fiber-Optic systems) in combination with chemometric methods. Principal components analysis (PCA) and multi-class support vector machines (MC-SVM) were applied to develop discrimination and classification models. These models were certified using validation data sets which were successfully assigned to the correct bacterial species and even to the right strain. The discrimination of bacteria down to the strain level was performed for the pre-processed spectral data using a 3-stage model based on PCA. The spectral features and differences among the species on which the discrimination was based were clarified through PCA loadings. In MC-SVM the pre-processed spectral data was subjected to PCA and utilized to build a classification model. When using the first two components, the accuracy of the MC-SVM model was 97.64% and 93.23% for the validation data collected by the Raman Microscope and the Portable Fiber-Optic Raman system, respectively. The accuracy reached 100% for the validation data by using the first eight and ten PC's from the data collected by Raman Microscope and by Portable Fiber-Optic Raman system, respectively. The results reflect the strong discriminative power and the high performance of the developed models, the suitability of the pre-processing method used in this study and that the low accuracy of the Portable Fiber-Optic Raman system does not adversely affect the discriminative power of the developed models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Jaafreh
- Institute of Safety and Security Research, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Von Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Ole Valler
- Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Günther
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 11-13, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Kaul
- Institute of Safety and Security Research, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Von Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
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Fortunato L, Li M, Cheng T, Rehman ZU, Heidrich W, Leiknes T. Cake layer characterization in Activated Sludge Membrane Bioreactors: Real-time analysis. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Current Status of In Vitro Models and Assays for Susceptibility Testing for Wound Biofilm Infections. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7020034. [PMID: 31052271 PMCID: PMC6630351 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm infections have gained recognition as an important therapeutic challenge in the last several decades due to their relationship with the chronicity of infectious diseases. Studies of novel therapeutic treatments targeting infections require the development and use of models to mimic the formation and characteristics of biofilms within host tissues. Due to the diversity of reported in vitro models and lack of consensus, this review aims to provide a summary of in vitro models currently used in research. In particular, we review the various reported in vitro models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms due to its high clinical impact in chronic wounds and in other chronic infections. We assess advances in in vitro models that incorporate relevant multispecies biofilms found in infected wounds, such as P. aeruginosa with Staphylococcus aureus, and additional elements such as mammalian cells, simulating fluids, and tissue explants in an attempt to better represent the physiological conditions found at an infection site. It is hoped this review will aid researchers in the field to make appropriate choices in their proposed studies with regards to in vitro models and methods.
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Seviour T, Derlon N, Dueholm MS, Flemming HC, Girbal-Neuhauser E, Horn H, Kjelleberg S, van Loosdrecht MCM, Lotti T, Malpei MF, Nerenberg R, Neu TR, Paul E, Yu H, Lin Y. Extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms: Suffering from an identity crisis. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:1-7. [PMID: 30557778 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms can be both cause and cure to a range of emerging societal problems including antimicrobial tolerance, water sanitation, water scarcity and pollution. The identities of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) responsible for the establishment and function of biofilms are poorly understood. The lack of information on the chemical and physical identities of EPS limits the potential to rationally engineer biofilm processes, and impedes progress within the water and wastewater sector towards a circular economy and resource recovery. Here, a multidisciplinary roadmap for addressing this EPS identity crisis is proposed. This involves improved EPS extraction and characterization methodologies, cross-referencing between model biofilms and full-scale biofilm systems, and functional description of isolated EPS with in situ techniques (e.g. microscopy) coupled with genomics, proteomics and glycomics. The current extraction and spectrophotometric characterization methods, often based on the principle not to compromise the integrity of the microbial cells, should be critically assessed, and more comprehensive methods for recovery and characterization of EPS need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Nicolas Derlon
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Process Engineering, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Morten Simonsen Dueholm
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans-Curt Flemming
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore; University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Chemistry, Biofilm Centre, Essen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Girbal-Neuhauser
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Agroalimentaire et Environmentale (LBAE), Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology and DVGW Research Laboratories, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Tommaso Lotti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - DICEA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Francesca Malpei
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Nerenberg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
| | - Thomas R Neu
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Etienne Paul
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hanqing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuemei Lin
- Department of Biotechcnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
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Biofouling mechanism of polysaccharide–protein–humic acid mixtures on polyvinylidene fluoride microfiltration membranes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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