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Grundy JS, Lambert MK, Burgess RM. Passive Sampling-Based versus Conventional-Based Metrics for Evaluating Remediation Efficacy at Contaminated Sediment Sites: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37364241 PMCID: PMC10404352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling devices (PSDs) are increasingly used at contaminated sites to improve the characterization of contaminant transport and assessment of ecological and human health risk at sediment sites and to evaluate the effectiveness of remedial actions. The use of PSDs after full-scale remediation remains limited, however, in favor of evaluation based on conventional metrics, such as bulk sediment concentrations or bioaccumulation. This review has three overall aims: (1) identify sites where PSDs have been used to support cleanup efforts, (2) assess how PSD-derived remedial end points compare to conventional metrics, and (3) perform broad semiquantitative and selective quantitative concurrence analyses to evaluate the magnitude of agreement between metrics. Contaminated sediment remedies evaluated included capping, in situ amendment, dredging and monitored natural recovery (MNR). We identify and discuss 102 sites globally where PSDs were used to determine remedial efficacy resulting in over 130 peer-reviewed scientific publications and numerous technical reports and conference proceedings. The most common conventional metrics assessed alongside PSDs in the peer-reviewed literature were bioaccumulation (39%), bulk sediments (40%), toxicity (14%), porewater grab samples (16%), and water column grab samples (16%), while about 25% of studies used PSDs as the sole metric. In a semiquantitative concurrence analysis, the PSD-based metrics agreed with conventional metrics in about 68% of remedy assessments. A more quantitative analysis of reductions in bioaccumulation after remediation (i.e., remediation was successful) showed that decreases in uptake into PSDs agreed with decreases in bioaccumulation (within a factor of 2) 61% of the time. Given the relatively good agreement between conventional and PSD-based metrics, we propose several practices and areas for further study to enhance the utilization of PSDs throughout the remediation of contaminated sediment sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Grundy
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OLEM, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, Edison, New Jersey 08837, United States
| | - Matthew K Lambert
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OLEM, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, Washington, District of Columbia 20460, United States
| | - Robert M Burgess
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
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2
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Albarano L, Toscanesi M, Trifuoggi M, Guida M, Lofrano G, Libralato G. In situ microcosm remediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons: influence and effectiveness of Nano-Zero Valent Iron and activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:3235-3251. [PMID: 35943650 PMCID: PMC9892105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) and activated carbon (AC) addition are ongoing techniques for the remediation of hydrophobic organic compound-contaminated sediment and water, but with still unexplored eco(toxico)logical implications, especially when applied in situ. In this study, we investigated AC and nZVI as remediation methods for marine contaminated sediment and water, including chemical and toxicity (Artemia franciscana survival and genotoxicity) surveys. The removal efficiency of AC and nZVI (about 99%) was similar in both sediment and seawater, while the survival of nauplii and adults was mainly impacted by nZVI than AC. At the molecular level, the nZVI-addition induced down-regulation in the expression of two stress and one developmental genes, whereas AC was able to up-regulated only one gene involved in stress response. Results suggested that the use of AC is safer than nZVI that requires further investigation and potential optimization to reduce secondary undesired effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Albarano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Chimiche, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Chimiche, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
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Ugochukwu UC, Chukwuone NA, Jidere C, Agu C, Kurumeh L, Ezeudu OB. Legacy PAHs in effluent receiving river sediments near a large petroleum products depot in Enugu, Nigeria: Human health risks and economic cost of pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119731. [PMID: 35820571 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the human health risk of exposure to legacy PAHs in the Nwaenebo River sediments that received effluents for over two decades from the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) petroleum product Depot in Emene, Enugu, Nigeria. The study went further to estimate economic costs of the sediment PAHs pollution based on the human health risk of exposure. The human health risks were determined by estimating carcinogenic and mutagenic risks via Benzo[a]pyrene total potential equivalent (BaP TPE) and mutagenic equivalent quotient (MEQ). The economic costs of the sediment pollution comprised costs due to mortality and those due to morbidity and were estimated using the value of statistical lives (VSLs) and cost of illness (CoI), respectively. The study, with an appropriate selection of sampling points established that the NNPC petroleum Depot was responsible for the Nwaenebo River sediment PAHs pollution with ƩPAHs concentration 14.3-163 mg/kg. The carcinogenic and mutagenic risks varied from 1.3*10^-5 to 4.7*10^-5 and 1.4*10^-5 to 6.0*10^-5 respectively. Based on risk threshold of 10^-6, these risks were high. The long term economic costs of pollution of the sediments by the PAHs were estimated at 60.5 million USD and 0.46 million USD for mortality and morbidity costs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzochukwu C Ugochukwu
- Shell/UNN Centre for Environmental Management & Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Resource and Environmental Policy Research Centre, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Nnaemeka Andegbe Chukwuone
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Resource and Environmental Policy Research Centre, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chika Jidere
- Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Resource and Environmental Policy Research Centre, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chizoba Agu
- Shell/UNN Centre for Environmental Management & Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Leonard Kurumeh
- Shell/UNN Centre for Environmental Management & Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Obiora Boniface Ezeudu
- Shell/UNN Centre for Environmental Management & Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
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Temerdashev ZA, Musorina TN, Chervonnaya TA, Arutyunyan ZV. Possibilities and Limitations of Solid-Phase and Liquid Extraction for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821120133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jang YL, Lee HJ, Jeong H, Jeong DY, Kim GB. Possibilities of poly(methyl methacrylate) as a passive sampler for determination of bioavailable concentrations in seawater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 776:146005. [PMID: 33647643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solvent-treated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was recently introduced as a passive sampler for determining bioavailable concentrations, i.e., freely dissolved concentrations. However, the much knowledge required to obtain accurate bioavailable concentrations using the thus treated PMMA, applied in a marine environment, is still lacking. In this study, uptake experiments with PMMA after solvent treatment were conducted to investigate its uptake capacity and the effects of water temperature and salinity on the PMMA-water partition coefficient (KPMMA-W) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Thus, PMMA passive samplers preloaded with performance reference compounds were exposed to seawater to first estimate the deployment time and then to confirm if the PMMA could give the residual concentrations of PAH in mussel. The less hydrophobic PAHs (log octanol-water partition coefficient < 5.5) had higher uptake capacity of PMMA-uptake was increased by a factor of up to 10. Whereas for these PAHs the KPMMA-W values and seawater temperature showed a parabolic relationship, the effect of salinity on KPMMA-W was not observed. The less hydrophobic PAH concentrations in seawater can be measured using the PMMA passive sampler over a period of about three weeks. For the PAHs detected in both PMMA and mussel, the PAH concentrations in mussel predicted from PMMA were found to be within one order of magnitude of the measured concentrations. This, therefore, suggests that solvent-treated PMMA could be used as a passive sampler to provide information on bioavailable concentrations for less hydrophobic PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lee Jang
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Marine Environmental Impact Assessment Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejin Jeong
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeong Jeong
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beum Kim
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea.
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Multistep thermodesorption coupled with molecular analyses as a quick, easy and environmentally friendly way to measure PAH availability in contaminated soils. Talanta 2021; 228:122235. [PMID: 33773738 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Whether it is for risk assessment or for remediation purpose, contaminant availability in polluted soils is a key parameter to determine. Two methods were recently standardized for the estimation of the environmental available fraction of non-polar organics but, in some cases, their application on real historically contaminated soils does not provide satisfactory results. The present study aimed at proposing an alternative method for the estimation of PAH availability in soils, based on analytical thermal desorption and molecular analyses with the hypothesis that the binding strength between PAH and the solid matrix is linked to the desorption temperature. This hypothesis was validated by comparing the thermodesorption molecular distribution of different contaminated soils and of their respective extractable organic matter. Then, comparing the thermodesorption profiles of each studied PAH to the efficiency of biological and chemical remediation treatments through principal component analysis allowed obtaining the desorption temperature corresponding to PAH fractions available towards both treatments. This method was proven to effectively estimate the PAH fraction available towards biological (microbial incubation) and chemical (KMnO4 oxidation) treatments and present multiple advantages such as being fast, easy to execute and solvent free.
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from Typical Algae, Macrophyte Lake Bay and Adjoining River of Taihu Lake, China: Distribution, Sources, and Risk Assessment. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants in sediments and pose a serious risk for freshwater ecosystems. In this study, sediment samples from 24 sites were collected from the cyanobacterial bloom-occurring, macrophyte-growing lake bay and adjoining river of Taihu Lake. Here, the concentration levels, sources, and risk assessment of 16 priority PAHs in the surface sediments from typical algae, macrophyte lake bay and adjoining river of Taihu Lake, were investigated, and the results were compared with those of previous studies. The total PAH (ΣPAH) concentrations ranged from 4900 to 16,800 ng·g−1 in sediments of the Taihu Lake bay and from 5736.2 to 69,362.8 ng·g−1 in sediments of the adjoining river. The level of PAHs in riverine sediments was significantly higher than those of the Taihu Lake bay, and that of the Dongshan River was significantly higher than that of the Mashan River, while there was no significant difference in the concentrations of PAHs between the cyanobacterial bloom-occurring and macrophyte-growing lake zone. The results indicated petroleum contamination was dominated in the cyanobacterial bloom-occurring, macrophyte-growing lake bay, while PAHs of the riverine sediments derived from petroleum contamination and the combined combustion including wood, coal combustion, and petroleum combustion according to the identification by the molecular diagnostic ratio and principal component analysis (PCA). Sediment risk assessment based on sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) suggested that partial regions of the Taihu Lake bay were subjected to the potential ecological risk of the 3-ring and 5-ring PAHs, and there existed negative effects related to naphthalene pollutant in all survey regions. The adjoining riverine sediments showed a high ecological risk.
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Albarano L, Costantini M, Zupo V, Lofrano G, Guida M, Libralato G. Marine sediment toxicity: A focus on micro- and mesocosms towards remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134837. [PMID: 31791766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and/or mesocosms are experimental tools bringing ecologically relevant components of the natural environment under controlled conditions closest to the real world, without losing the advantage of reliable reference conditions and replications, providing a link between laboratory studies and filed studies in natural environments. Here, for the first time, a formal comparison of different types of mesocosm applied to the study of marine contaminants is offered, considering that pollution of coastal areas represented a major concern in the last decades because of the abundance of discharged toxic substances. In particular, the structural characteristics of micro- and mesocosms (m-cosms) used to study marine contaminated sediments were reviewed, focusing on their advantages/disadvantages. Their potentiality to investigate sediment remediation have been discussed, offering new perspective on how the use of m-cosms can be useful for the development of practical application in the development of solutions for contaminated sediment management in the contaminated marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Albarano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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9
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Lambert S, Wagner M. Microplastics Are Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Freshwater Environments: An Overview. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61615-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Yan Z, He Y, Cai H, Van Nostrand JD, He Z, Zhou J, Krumholz LR, Jiang HL. Interconnection of Key Microbial Functional Genes for Enhanced Benzo[a]pyrene Biodegradation in Sediments by Microbial Electrochemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8519-8529. [PMID: 28677976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) can stimulate the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments, but the mechanism of this process is poorly understood at the microbial functional gene level. Here, the use of SMFC resulted in 92% benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) removal over 970 days relative to 54% in the controls. Sediment functions, microbial community structure, and network interactions were dramatically altered by the SMFC employment. Functional gene analysis showed that c-type cytochrome genes for electron transfer, aromatic degradation genes, and extracellular ligninolytic enzymes involved in lignin degradation were significantly enriched in bulk sediments during SMFC operation. Correspondingly, chemical analysis of the system showed that these genetic changes resulted in increases in the levels of easily oxidizable organic carbon and humic acids which may have resulted in increased BaP bioavailability and increased degradation rates. Tracking microbial functional genes and corresponding organic matter responses should aid mechanistic understanding of BaP enhanced biodegradation by microbial electrochemistry and development of sustainable bioremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaisheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuhong He
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Haiyuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Joy D Van Nostrand
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma , Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zhili He
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma , Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma , Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lee R Krumholz
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma , Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - He-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, China
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Jin X, Tian W, Liu Q, Qiao K, Zhao J, Gong X. Biodegradation of the benzo[a]pyrene-contaminated sediment of the Jiaozhou Bay wetland using Pseudomonas sp. immobilization. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 117:283-290. [PMID: 28187968 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To remove benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) that has accumulated in the Jiaozhou Bay wetland sediment, two strains (JB1 and JB2) were selected from the BaP-contaminated the wetland sediment and immobilized in coal cinder and chitosan beads using entrapping and surface adsorption methods. Biodegradation of BaP in sediment was carried out in pots. The results showed that, supported by the coal cinder and chitosan beads, 71.9, 65.5, 58.9 and 66.1% of the BaP in the immobilized cells was degraded after 40d. These percentages were clearly higher than the 47.7% that degraded from free cells. Kinetic analysis indicated that the immobilized gel-beads might remove BaP by multiple control steps. Compared to the chitosan, coal cinder-entrapping beads exhibited a higher removal rate for BaP; however, the degradation rates from coal cinder- and chitosan-surface adsorption beads were almost the same. This result indicates that in addition to the BaP-degrading bacteria, carrier materials and immobilizing methods play an important role in determining the success of a biodegradation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Weijun Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Kaili Qiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaoxi Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Guo Y, Lai C, Zeng G, Gong J, Su C, Yang C, Xu P. Sequestration of HCHs and DDTs in sediments in Dongting Lake of China with multiwalled carbon nanotubes: implication for in situ sequestration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7726-7739. [PMID: 28124272 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments could be released into water, posing great threats to human health and organisms. In this study, the treatment effectiveness of in situ sequestration of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in sediments was explored using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as adsorbents. Physicochemical tests (aqueous equilibrium concentrations, semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) uptake, and quiescent flux to overlying water) were conducted to evaluate the sequestration effectiveness of MWCNTs. Compared to the control, the MWCNT-treated sediments showed great reductions of HCHs and DDTs in aqueous equilibrium concentrations, SPMD uptake, and quiescent flux to overlying water. And the effects of dose of MWCNTs, diameter of MWCNTs, and contact time between MWCNTs and sediments on sequestration effectiveness were studied. Increased dose, decreased MWCNT diameter, and prolonged contact time resulted in a better sequestration effectiveness. The results indicated that the addition of MWCNTs to sediment could reduce the content of HCHs and DDTs released from sediments, reducing bioavailability of HCHs and DDTs and minimizing risks to ecosystem and human. MWCNTs have potential applications as adsorbents for in situ treatment of OCP-contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jilai Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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Tian W, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Qiao K, Jin X, Liu Q. Effects of root exudates on gel-beads/reeds combination remediation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:158-164. [PMID: 27736675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in root exudates, including low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), amino acids and sugars, in rhizosphere soils during the gel-beads/reeds combination remediation for high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) and the degree of the effects on HMW-PAH biodegradation were evaluated in this study. The results showed that the gel-beads/reeds combination remediation notably increased the removal rates of pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (65.0-68.9%, 60.0-68.5% and 85.2-85.9%, respectively). During the removal of HMW-PAHs, the LMWOAs, particularly maleic acid, enhanced the biodegradation of HMW-PAHs. Arginine and trehalose monitored in reed root exudates promoted the growth of plants and microorganisms and then improved the removal of HMW-PAHs, especially pyrene. However, the contribution of reed root exudates on degradation of 5- and 6-ring PAHs was minor. These results indicated that the utilization of root exudates was certainly not the only important trait for the removal of HMW-PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Kaili Qiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
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14
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Huang RY, Tian WJ, Liu Q, Yu HB, Jin X, Zhao YG, Zhou YH, Feng G. Enhanced biodegradation of pyrene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene using bacteria immobilized in cinder beads in estuarine wetlands. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 102:128-33. [PMID: 26632525 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two strains (Pseudomonas taiwanensis PYR1 and Acinetobacter baumannii INP1) were isolated from PAH-contaminated Liaohe estuarine wetland using enrichment. The cells of PYR1 and INP1 were immobilized in cinder beads for pyrene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene biodegradation in wetland. Biodegradation of pyrene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene in soils from wetland was carried out in pots using free cells as well as those immobilized in cinder beads to ascertain the role of bioaugmentation. Supported by the cinder beads, the immobilized cells degraded 70.7% and 80.9% of pyrene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene respectively after 30 days. While the free cells degraded only 58.2% and 55.3%. Additionally, microbial analysis with high-throughput sequencing revealed the changes of microbial communities in soil without and with cinder beads immobilized with strains. The result indicated that Gammaproteobacteria were dominant PAH-degrading groups during bioaugmentation. This effective approach can be used to treat other PAH-contaminated wetlands by immobilizing different species of bacteria in cinder beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Ying Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wei-Jun Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hui-Bo Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yang-Guo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Gong Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
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15
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Fernandez LA, Gschwend PM. Predicting bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soft-shelled clams (Mya arenaria) using field deployments of polyethylene passive samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:993-1000. [PMID: 25598269 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF), frequently used to predict tissue concentrations of organisms living within and above sediments contaminated with hydrophobic organic chemicals, often produce inaccurate estimates. Hence, freely dissolved porewater concentrations, CW , have also been investigated as predictors of organism tissue concentrations, but they are more difficult to measure than bulk sediment concentrations (used with BSAF). In situ passive sampling methods, however, make it possible to deduce CW with less effort than required to measure the value directly and make it possible to relate CW with tissue concentrations of undisturbed, native organisms. In the present study, polyethylene passive samplers containing performance reference compounds (d10-phenanthrene, d10-pyrene, and d12-chrysene) were deployed in diverse sediment beds near Boston, Massachusetts, USA, for a 1-wk period. Clams (Mya arenaria) and sediments were then collected from the deployed sediment beds. Concentrations of 3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; phenanthrene, pyrene, and chrysene) were measured in the porewaters, in clam tissues, and in the bulk sediment. Biota-sediment accumulation factors and polyethylene-deduced CW were used to predict organism tissue concentrations. Ratios of predicted-to-measured values showed that the BSAF method over-predicted tissue concentrations in M. arenaria by up to 2 orders of magnitude. The polyethylene-deduced CW method resulted in average ratios closer to 1 (0.43 ± 0.26, 3.7 ± 2.5, and 1.1 ± 1.2 for phenanthrene, pyrene, and chrysene, respectively, N = 26, uncertainty = ± 1σ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta A Fernandez
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Han Z, Sani B, Akkanen J, Abel S, Nybom I, Karapanagioti HK, Werner D. A critical evaluation of magnetic activated carbon's potential for the remediation of sediment impacted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:41-47. [PMID: 25550081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Addition of activated carbon (AC) or biochar (BC) to sediment to reduce the chemical and biological availability of organic contaminants is a promising in-situ remediation technology. But concerns about leaving the adsorbed pollutants in place motivate research into sorbent recovery methods. This study explores the use of magnetic sorbents. A coal-based magnetic activated carbon (MAC) was identified as the strongest of four AC and BC derived magnetic sorbents for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remediation. An 8.1% MAC amendment (w/w, equal to 5% AC content) was found to be as effective as 5% (w/w) pristine AC in reducing aqueous PAHs within three months by 98%. MAC recovery from sediment after three months was 77%, and incomplete MAC recovery had both, positive and negative effects. A slight rebound of aqueous PAH concentrations was observed following the MAC recovery, but aqueous PAH concentrations then dropped again after six months, likely due to the presence of the 23% unrecovered MAC. On the other hand, the 77% recovery of the 8.1% MAC dose was insufficient to reduce ecotoxic effects of fine grained AC or MAC amendment on the egestion rate, growth and reproduction of the AC sensitive species Lumbriculus variegatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhantao Han
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom; Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Badruddeen Sani
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jarkko Akkanen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sebastian Abel
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Inna Nybom
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - David Werner
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom.
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17
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Wang Q, Li Y, Wang C, Wu Y, Wang P. Development of a novel multi-functional active membrane capping barrier for the remediation of nitrobenzene-contaminated sediment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 276:415-421. [PMID: 24929303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel bio-reactive capping barrier composed of polysulfone/granular activated carbon (PS/GAC) hybrid membranes immobilized with microorganism was developed for the remediation of nitrobenzene in sediments. The SEM observation demonstrated that all the membranes had a dense top layer and a porous sublayer, this structure can block the transfer of nitrobenzene from sediment to the water and enhance nitrobenzene degradation. Adsorption behaviors of nitrobenzene on membranes showed that the membrane impregnated with GAC had better performance than the pure PS membrane. The values of Kads increased from 4.64 (without GAC) to 6.19 (1:2 GAC). 20mg/L nitrobenzene can be completely degraded by Pseudomonas putida immobilized on membranes. The biodegradation rate of activated carbon-filled membrane system was little higher than that of pure PS membrane system. For remediation experiments, only about 21.7, 28.3 and 43.9% of nitrobenzene in the sediment was removed by the end of the experiments for PS/GAC membrane, sand-alone and sand amended with activated carbon capping systems, respectively. While for PS/GAC+microorganisms capping system, more than 70% of nitrobenzene loss was observed. This demonstrated that nitrobenzene can be effectively removed from contaminated sediments by microbial degradation in the bio-reactive capping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road No. 1, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road No. 1, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road No. 1, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road No. 1, Nanjing 210098, China
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18
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Lydy MJ, Landrum PF, Oen AMP, Allinson M, Smedes F, Harwood AD, Li H, Maruya KA, Liu J. Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: state of the science for organic contaminants. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2014; 10:167-78. [PMID: 24307344 PMCID: PMC4235472 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript surveys the literature on passive sampler methods (PSMs) used in contaminated sediments to assess the chemical activity of organic contaminants. The chemical activity in turn dictates the reactivity and bioavailability of contaminants in sediment. Approaches to measure specific binding of compounds to sediment components, for example, amorphous carbon or specific types of reduced carbon, and the associated partition coefficients are difficult to determine, particularly for native sediment. Thus, the development of PSMs that represent the chemical activity of complex compound-sediment interactions, expressed as the freely dissolved contaminant concentration in porewater (Cfree ), offer a better proxy for endpoints of concern, such as reactivity, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Passive sampling methods have estimated Cfree using both kinetic and equilibrium operating modes and used various polymers as the sorbing phase, for example, polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene, and polyoxymethylene in various configurations, such as sheets, coated fibers, or vials containing thin films. These PSMs have been applied in laboratory exposures and field deployments covering a variety of spatial and temporal scales. A wide range of calibration conditions exist in the literature to estimate Cfree , but consensus values have not been established. The most critical criteria are the partition coefficient between water and the polymer phase and the equilibrium status of the sampler. In addition, the PSM must not appreciably deplete Cfree in the porewater. Some of the future challenges include establishing a standard approach for PSM measurements, correcting for nonequilibrium conditions, establishing guidance for selection and implementation of PSMs, and translating and applying data collected by PSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter F Landrum
- Center for Fisheries Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy MP Oen
- Department of Environmental Technology, Norwegian Geotechnical InstituteOslo, Norway
| | - Mayumi Allinson
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM) School of Chemistry, The University of MelbourneParkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Foppe Smedes
- DeltaresUtrecht, The Netherlands
- RECETOX, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czech Republic
| | - Amanda D Harwood
- Center for Fisheries Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Huizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Keith A Maruya
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project AuthorityCosta Mesa, California, USA
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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19
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Louati H, Said OB, Soltani A, Got P, Cravo-Laureau C, Duran R, Aissa P, Pringault O, Mahmoudi E. Biostimulation as an attractive technique to reduce phenanthrene toxicity for meiofauna and bacteria in lagoon sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:3670-3679. [PMID: 24277429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A microcosm experiment was setup to examine (1) the effect of phenanthrene contamination on meiofauna and bacteria communities and (2) the effects of different bioremediation strategies on phenanthrene degradation and on the community structure of free-living marine nematodes. Sediments from Bizerte lagoon were contaminated with (100 mg kg(-1)) phenanthrene and effects were examined after 20 days. Biostimulation (addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer or mineral salt medium) and bioaugmentation (inoculation of a hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium) were used as bioremediation treatments. Bacterial biomass was estimated using flow cytometry. Meiofauna was counted and identified at the higher taxon level using a stereomicroscope. Nematodes, comprising approximately two thirds of total meiofauna abundance, were identified to genus or species. Phenanthrene contamination had a severe impact on bacteria and meiofauna abundances with a strong decrease of nematodes with a complete disappearance of polychaetes and copepods. Bioremediation counter balanced the toxic effects of phenanthrene since meiofauna and bacteria abundances were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those observed in phenanthrene contamination. Up to 98 % of phenanthrene removal was observed. In response to phenanthrene contamination, the nematode species had different behavior: Daptonema fallax was eliminated in contaminated microcosms, suggesting that it is an intolerant species to phenanthrene; Neochromadora peocilosoma, Spirinia parasitifera, and Odontophora n. sp., which significantly (p < 0.05) increased in contaminated microcosms, could be considered as "opportunistic" species to phenanthrene whereas Anticoma acuminata and Calomicrolaimus honestus increased in the treatment combining biostimulation and bioaugmentation. Phenanthrene had a significant effect on meiofaunal and bacterial abundances (p < 0.05), with a strong reduction of density and change in the nematode communities. Biostimulation using mineral salt medium strongly enhanced phenanthrene removal, leading to a decrease of its toxicity. This finding opens exciting axes for the future use of biostimulation to reduce toxic effects of PAHs for meiofauna and bacteria in lagoon sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Louati
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia,
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20
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White P, McHugh B, Poole R, McGovern E, White J, Behan P, Foley B, Covaci A. Application of congener based multi-matrix profiling techniques to identify potential PCDD/F sources in environmental samples from the Burrishoole Catchment in the West of Ireland. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 184:449-456. [PMID: 24121420 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Homologue and congener profiles of PCDD/Fs in eels, passive sampler and sediment extracts from the Burrishoole, a rural upland catchment on the western Irish seaboard were compared with potential PCDD sources. ΣPCDD/F levels in eels ranged from 2.9 to 25.9 pg g(-1) wet weight, which are elevated compared to other Irish locations. The OCDD congener dominated the pattern of ΣPCDD/Fs in all matrices from Burrishoole. Passive samplers were successfully deployed to identify for the first time the presence in the water column of PCDD/Fs and dimethoxylated octachlorodiphenyl ether (diMeOoctaCDE), impurities found in pentachlorophenol (PCP) production. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified similarities between PCDD/F profiles in technical PCP mixtures and environmental samples from the Burrishoole region. Results strongly suggest residual PCDD contamination associated with historic local use of a dioxin contaminated product in the catchment area, with pentachlorophenol a strong candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P White
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway and Newport, Mayo, Ireland; School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin St., Dublin 8, Ireland.
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21
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Cui X, Mayer P, Gan J. Methods to assess bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants: Principles, operations, and limitations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 172:223-34. [PMID: 23064200 PMCID: PMC3868337 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many important environmental contaminants are hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), which include PCBs, PAHs, PBDEs, DDT and other chlorinated insecticides, among others. Owing to their strong hydrophobicity, HOCs have their final destination in soil or sediment, where their ecotoxicological effects are closely regulated by sorption and thus bioavailability. The last two decades have seen a dramatic increase in research efforts in developing and applying partitioning based methods and biomimetic extractions for measuring HOC bioavailability. However, the many variations of both analytical methods and associated measurement endpoints are often a source of confusion for users. In this review, we distinguish the most commonly used analytical approaches based on their measurement objectives, and illustrate their practical operational steps, strengths and limitations using simple flowcharts. This review may serve as guidance for new users on the selection and use of established methods, and a reference for experienced investigators to identify potential topics for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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22
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Meynet P, Hale S, Davenport RJ, Cornelissen G, Breedveld GD, Werner D. Effect of activated carbon amendment on bacterial community structure and functions in a PAH impacted urban soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:5057-66. [PMID: 22455603 PMCID: PMC3342763 DOI: 10.1021/es2043905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We collected urban soil samples impacted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a sorbent-based remediation field trial to address concerns about unwanted side-effects of 2% powdered (PAC) or granular (GAC) activated carbon amendment on soil microbiology and pollutant biodegradation. After three years, total microbial cell counts and respiration rates were highest in the GAC amended soil. The predominant bacterial community structure derived from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) shifted more strongly with time than in response to AC amendment. DGGE band sequencing revealed the presence of taxa with closest affiliations either to known PAH degraders, e.g. Rhodococcus jostii RHA-1, or taxa known to harbor PAH degraders, e.g. Rhodococcus erythropolis, in all soils. Quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction yielded similar dioxygenases gene copy numbers in unamended, PAC-, or GAC-amended soil. PAH availability assessments in batch tests showed the greatest difference of 75% with and without biocide addition for unamended soil, while the lowest PAH availability overall was measured in PAC-amended, live soil. We conclude that AC had no detrimental effects on soil microbiology, AC-amended soils retained the potential to biodegrade PAHs, but the removal of available pollutants by biodegradation was most notable in unamended soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Meynet
- School of
Civil Engineering
and Geosciences, Newcastle University,
Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah
E. Hale
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute NGI, P.O. Box 3930 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Russell J. Davenport
- School of
Civil Engineering
and Geosciences, Newcastle University,
Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute NGI, P.O. Box 3930 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Applied Environmental
Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm,
Sweden
- Department of Plant
and Environmental
Sciences, University of Life Sciences,
5003 Ås, Norway
| | - Gijs D. Breedveld
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute NGI, P.O. Box 3930 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806, Oslo, Norway
- Department
of Geosciences, Oslo University, Oslo,
Norway
| | - David Werner
- School of
Civil Engineering
and Geosciences, Newcastle University,
Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom
- Phone 0044 191 222 5099; fax 0044 191 222 6502; e-mail:
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23
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Yan Z, Song N, Cai H, Tay JH, Jiang H. Enhanced degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene in freshwater sediments by combined employment of sediment microbial fuel cell and amorphous ferric hydroxide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 199-200:217-225. [PMID: 22137177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene in freshwater sediment was investigated under three kinds of treatments (addition of amorphous ferric hydroxide to sediments, employment of sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC), and the combination of ferric addition and SMFC employment). After 240 days of experiments, it was found that the combined treatment led to the highest removal efficiencies of phenanthrene (99.47 ± 0.15%) and pyrene (94.79 ± 0.63%), while the employment of SMFC could obtain higher removal efficiencies than Fe(III) addition. The combined approach improved potentials of phenanthrene and pyrene biodegradation in sediments under anaerobic pathways except methanogenic condition, and also stimulated humification of organic matters in sediments. At the end of experiments, ratios of humic acid to fulvic acid in sedimentary organic matters reached to 2.967 ± 0.240 in the combined treatment, and were only around 1.404-1.506 in the other treatments. Thus, organic matters in sediments in the combined treatment could adsorb tightly residual PAHs with less bioavailability. Considering both enhanced biodegradation and final sequestration of PAHs in sediments, the combined application of Fe(III) addition and SMFC employment offered a new promising remediation technology for contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaisheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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24
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Bushnaf KM, Puricelli S, Saponaro S, Werner D. Effect of biochar on the fate of volatile petroleum hydrocarbons in an aerobic sandy soil. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2011; 126:208-215. [PMID: 22115086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biochar addition to soil is currently being investigated as a novel technology to remediate polluted sites. A critical consideration is the impact of biochar on the intrinsic microbial pollutant degradation, in particular at sites polluted with a mixture of readily biodegradable and more persistent organic pollutants. We therefore studied the impact of biochar (2% on dry weight basis) on the fate of volatile petroleum hydrocarbons in an aerobic sandy soil with batch and column studies. The soil-water partitioning coefficient, K(d), was enhanced in the biochar-amended soil up to a factor 36, and petroleum hydrocarbon vapor migration was retarded accordingly. Despite increased sorption, in particular of monoaromatic hydrocarbons, the overall microbial respiration was comparable in the biochar-amended and unamended soil. This was due to more rapid biodegradation of linear, cyclic and branched alkanes in the biochar amended soil. We concluded that the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rate was controlled by a factor other than substrate availability and the reduced availability of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in the biochar amended soil led to greater biodegradation of the other petroleum compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Bushnaf
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU England, United Kingdom
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25
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Bergmann FD, Abu Laban NMFH, Meyer AH, Elsner M, Meckenstock RU. Dual (C, H) isotope fractionation in anaerobic low molecular weight (poly)aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation: potential for field studies and mechanistic implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:6947-6953. [PMID: 21711028 DOI: 10.1021/es201096j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation is a key process for natural attenuation of oil spills and contaminated aquifers. Assessments by stable isotope fractionation, however, have largely been limited to monoaromatic hydrocarbons. Here, we report on measured hydrogen isotope fractionation during strictly anaerobic degradation of the PAH naphthalene. Remarkable large hydrogen isotopic enrichment factors contrasted with much smaller values for carbon: ε(H) = -100‰ ± 15‰, ε(C) = -5.0‰ ± 1.0‰ (enrichment culture N47); ε(H) = -73‰ ± 11‰, ε(C) = -0.7‰ ± 0.3‰ (pure culture NaphS2). This reveals a considerable potential of hydrogen isotope analysis to assess anaerobic degradation of PAHs. Furthermore, we investigated the conclusiveness of dual isotope fractionation to characterize anaerobic aromatics degradation. C and H isotope fractionation during benzene degradation (ε(C) = -2.5‰ ± 0.2‰; ε(H) = -55‰ ± 4‰ (sulfate-reducing strain BPL); ε(C) = -3.0‰ ± 0.5‰; ε(H) = -56‰ ± 8‰ (iron-reducing strain BF)) resulted in dual isotope slopes (Λ = 20 ± 2; 17 ± 1) similar to those reported for nitrate-reducers. This breaks apart the current picture that anaerobic benzene degradation by facultative anaerobes (denitrifiers) can be distinguished from that of strict anaerobes (sulfate-reducers, fermenters) based on the stable isotope enrichment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz D Bergmann
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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