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Li J, Ma H, Chen X, Yu Y, Xia X, Zhao W, Li D, Zhao Q, Wei L. Integrating HYDRUS-2D and Bayesian Networks for simulating long-term sludge land application: Uncovering heavy metal mobility and pollution risk in the soil-groundwater environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134803. [PMID: 38850931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The release of sludge-derived heavy metals (HMs) to soil and their subsequent migration into groundwater poses a significant challenge for safe and low-carbon sludge land application. This study developed a predictive framework to simulate 60-year sludge land application, evaluating the risk of HMs pollution in the soil-groundwater environment and assessing the influence of soil and water properties. HYDRUS-2D simulations revealed that highly mobile Cu, Ni, and Zn penetrated a 10 m soil layer over a 60-year period, contributing to groundwater pollution. In contrast, Cr was easily sequestered within the topsoil layer after 5-years continuous operation. The non-equilibrium parameter α could serve as an indicator for assessing their potential risk. Furthermore, the limited soil adsorption sites for Pb (f = 0.02772) led to short-term (1-year) groundwater pollution at a 0.5 m-depth. Bayesian Networks model outcomes indicated that humic-like organics crucially influenced HMs transformation, enhancing the desorption of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, while inhibiting the desorption for Cr. Additionally, electrical conductivity promoted the release of most HMs, in contrast to the Mn mineralogy in soil. This study bridges the gap between the macro-level HMs migration trends and the micro-level adsorption-desorption characteristics, providing guidance for the safe land application of sewage sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: This study introduces a framework integrating HYDRUS-2D simulations with Bayesian Networks to assess the risks of groundwater pollution by heavy metals (HMs) over a 60-year sludge application. Sludge-derived Cu, Ni, and Zn are found to penetrate soil up to 10 m and exceed safety limits, with the non-equilibrium parameter α serving as an indicator for pollution risk. The importance of nutrients from sludge-amended soil for the transformation of HMs in the subsurface environment highlights the need for enhanced sludge management, specifically through more detailed regulation of nutrient composition. These findings contribute to developing precise strategies for the long-term sludge land application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Corp., LTD, 200112, China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Weixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment (Ministry of Education), Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Lv Z, You H, Xu M, Leng H, Li W, Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhu J, Zhang G. Synergetic sludge conditioning by US enhanced Fe 2+ activated sodium persulfate: Physicochemical properties and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142727. [PMID: 38964722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Efficient dewatering of sewage sludge is an energy- and carbon-saving procedure for sludge treatment in wastewater treatment facilities. The ultrasound-coupled divalent iron ion activated persulfate process can effectively promote sludge dewatering and improve organic substance content. Under the action of ultrasound (US 50 w/L), divalent iron ions (Fe2+) 200 mg/g (TS), and persulfate (PDS) 200 mg/g (TS) for 60 min, the capillary suction time (CST) was reduced by 79.74%, and the moisture content of the dewatered sludge cake reached 56.51 wt%. The organic carbon content of treated sludge was also four times higher than the original sludge and types were richer in short-chain volatile species in US/Fe2+/PDS. Moreover, the correlation analysis found that the relationship of between CST and SV30, Zeta and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were positive correlation, and the relationship of SCOD and TC were positively correlated with the PN (SB-EPS). Mechanistic studies showed that the US/Fe2+/PDS system could produce oxygen activators by US coupling Fe2+ to strengthen the effect of activated PDS strongly, while the sulfate radicals (SO4·-) radical was a dominant role. The cracking mechanism is divided into two pathways effectively degraded the macromolecule EPS into a small-molecule acid and further reduced the water-holding interfacial affinity as follow: (1) the radical path dominated by hydroxyl radicals (·OH), SO4·-, and superoxide radical (O2·-); (2) the non-radicals dominated by monoclinic oxygen (1O2). Afterwards, the electrostatic force and interfacial free energy were reduced, resulting in enhanced self-flocculation and mobility to enhanced dewaterability. These findings demonstrated the US/Fe2+/PDS system had significant advantages in sludge cracking and provided theoretical support for its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Mingze Xu
- Weihai Science and Technology Innovation Development Center, Weihai, 264499, China
| | - Haoran Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Weirun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yihan Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Guoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China.
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3
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Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Gao M, Zhang C, Zang X, Wu L. Feasibility of sludge deep dewaterability improvement for incineration disposal by combined conditioning of freeze-thaw and sawdust. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118987. [PMID: 38670212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Sludge incineration is the main strategy for sludge reduction in China. The combined conditioning of lime and chemical agents has been proven to achieve sludge dewatering by disrupting the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of sludge and reducing its compressibility. However, when incineration is the intended disposal purpose, this method poses challenges such as incomplete combustion, equipment corrosion, secondary pollution, and decreased calorific value of sludge cake. In contrast, freeze-thaw conditioning, coupled with sawdust as a high-calorific-value bio-waste, emerges as an efficient and clean alternative. The research investigates the synergistic effects of freeze-thaw and sawdust co-conditioning on various sludge properties, including dewaterability, compressibility, consolidation, permeability, microscopicity, and calorific value. The study reveals that the combined conditioning significantly reduces water content and compressibility while increasing void ratio, consolidation, permeability, and enhancing the calorific value of the sludge cake. Specifically, sludge cake conditioned with 60% dried solids (DS) sawdust and freeze-thaw achieved a water content (Wc) of 49.07% and a calorific value of 1422.3 kcal/kg, meeting standards for self-sustained incineration. With heat recovery, the combined conditioning generates an economic revenue of 25.1 $/t DS after deducting costs, thereby reducing the overall cost of sludge reduction treatment. This research offers a clean and practical solution for sludge incineration and reduction, demonstrating great economic value and application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Mengze Gao
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Changsong Zhang
- Shanghai Yaxin Urban Construction Co., Ltd., Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xueke Zang
- Shanghai Yaxin Urban Construction Co., Ltd., Shanghai, PR China
| | - Linbao Wu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
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Luo X, Guo M, Zheng X, Zheng S, Li S. Distinguished denitrifying phosphorus removal in the high-rate anoxic/microaerobic system for sewage treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142377. [PMID: 38768781 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study re-evaluated the role of anoxic and anaerobic zones during the enhanced biological phosphorus (P) removal process by investigating the potential effect of introducing an anoxic zone into a high-rate microaerobic activated sludge (MAS) system (1.60-1.70 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) m-3 d-1), i.e., a high-rate anoxic/microaerobic (A/M) system for sewage treatment. In the absence of a pre-anaerobic zone, introducing an anoxic zone considerably reduced effluent NOx--N concentrations (7.2 vs. 1.5 mg L-1) and remarkably enhanced total nitrogen (75% vs. 89%) and total P (18% vs. 60%) removal and sludge P content (1.48% vs. 1.77% (dry weight)) due to further anoxic denitrifying P removal in the anoxic zone (besides simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in the microaerobic zone). High-throughput pyrosequencing demonstrated the niche differentiation of different polyphosphate accumulating organism (PAO) clades (including denitrifying PAO [DPAO] and non-DPAO) in both systems. Introducing an anoxic zone considerably reduced the total PAO abundance in sludge samples by 42% and modified the PAO community structure, including 17-19 detected genera. The change was solely confined to non-DPAOs, as no obvious change in total abundance or community structure of DPAOs including 7 detected genera was observed. Additionally, introducing an anoxic zone increased the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria by 39%. The high-rate A/M process provided less aeration, higher treatment capacity, a lower COD requirement, and a 75% decrease in the production of waste sludge than the conventional biological nutrient removal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Luo
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mengya Guo
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiangnan Zheng
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shaokui Zheng
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Shida Li
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Zhou L, Zhang G, Zeng Y, Bao X, Liu B, Cheng L. Endogenous iron-enriched biochar derived from steel mill wastewater sludge for tetracycline removal: Heavy metals stabilization, adsorption performance and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142263. [PMID: 38719127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Steel mill wastewater sludge, as an iron-enriched solid waste, was expected to be converted into iron-enriched biochar with acceptable environmental risk by pyrolysis. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the chemical speciation transformation of heavy metals in biochar under various pyrolysis temperatures and its reutilization for tetracycline (TC) removal. The experimental data indicated that pyrolysis temperature was a key factor affecting the heavy metals speciation and bioavailability in biochar, and biochar with pyrolysis temperature at 450 °C was the most feasible for reutilization without potential risk. The endogenous iron-enriched biochar (FSB450) showed highly efficient adsorption towards TC, and its maximum adsorption capacity could reach 240.38 mg g-1, which should be attributed to its excellent mesoporous structure, abundant functional groups and endogenous iron cycling. The endogenous iron was converted to a stable iron oxide crystalline phase (Fe3O4 and MgFe2O4) by pyrolysis, which underwent a valence transition to form a coordination complex with TC by electron shuttling in the FSB450 matrix. The study provides a win-win approach for resource utilization of steel wastewater sludge and treatment of antibiotic contamination in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Guanhao Zhang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Yulin Zeng
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Xunli Bao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Bei Liu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Clinical College of Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, PR China.
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6
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Hu H, Liu S, Li D, Zhou A, Cai W, Luo J, Liu Z, He Z, Yue X, Liu W. Sulfate-reducing bacteria decreases fractional pressure of H 2 to accelerate short-chain fatty acids production from waste activated sludge fermentation assisted with zero-valent iron activated sulfite pretreatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172898. [PMID: 38697543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is constrained by substrate availability and the increased fractional pressure of H2 emitted by acidogenic/fermentative bacteria during anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS). This study introduced a novel approach employing zero-valent iron (ZVI)-activated sulfite pretreatment combined with H2-consuming sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) mediation to improve SCFAs, especially acetate production from WAS fermentation. Experimental results showed that the combined ZVI-activated sulfite and incomplete-oxidative SRB (io-SRB) process achieved a peak SCFAs production of 868.11 mg COD/L, with acetate accounting for 80.55 %, which was 7.90- and 2.18-fold higher than that obtained from raw WAS fermentation, respectively. This could be firstly attributed to the SO4- and OH generated by ZVI-activated sulfite, which significantly promoted WAS decomposition, e.g., soluble proteins and carbohydrates increased 14.3- and 10.8-fold, respectively, over those in raw WAS. The biodegradation of dissolved organic matter was subsequently enhanced by the synergistic interaction and H2 transfer between anaerobic fermentation bacteria (AFB) and io-SRB. The positive and negative correlations among AFB, nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) and the io-SRB consortia were revealed by molecular ecological network (MEN) and Mantel test. Moreover, the expression of functional genes was also improved, for instance, in relation to acetate formation, the relative abundances of phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase was 0.002 % and 0.005 % higher than that in the control test, respectively. These findings emphasized the importance of sulfate radicals-based oxidation pretreatment and the collaborative relationships of multifunctional microbes on the value-added chemicals and energy recovery from sludge fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huitao Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Engineer Research Institute of Sludge Disposition and Resources, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Dengfei Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Engineer Research Institute of Sludge Disposition and Resources, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Engineer Research Institute of Sludge Disposition and Resources, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Weiwei Cai
- School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Engineer Research Institute of Sludge Disposition and Resources, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Zhangwei He
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Shanxi 710055, China
| | - Xiuping Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Engineer Research Institute of Sludge Disposition and Resources, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Xia H, Zhu L, Ding J, Chen J, Huang K, Zhao M, Li F, Jiang Y. Earthworm gut digestion drives the transfer behavior of antibiotic resistance genes in layers of extracellular polymeric substances during vermicomposting of dewatered sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119489. [PMID: 38925469 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Gut digestion by earthworms (GDE) is a crucial step in vermicomposting, affecting the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in vermicompost sludge. The extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix of sludge is an important space for ARG transfer. However, the effect of GDE on EPS-associated ARGs remains unclear. Therefore, this study explored the role of GDE in driving the transfer of ARGs within different EPS layers in sludge. For this, the changes in intracellular ARGs and EPS-associated ARGs in sludge were analyzed after 5 days of the GDE process. The results showed that after the GDE process, both nitrate and dissolved organic carbon significantly increased in all EPS layers of sludge, while the proteins and polysaccharides only enhanced in soluble and loosely bound EPS of sludge. In addition, a 7.0% decrease in bacterial diversity was recorded after the GDE process, with a functional bacterial community structure emerging. Moreover, the absolute abundance of total ARGs and mobile genetic elements decreased by 90.71% and 61.83%, respectively, after the GDE process. Intracellular ARGs decreased by 92.1%, while EPS-associated ARGs increased by 4.9%, indicative of intracellular ARG translocation into the EPS during the GDE process. Notably, the ARGs exhibited significant enrichment in both the soluble and loosely bound EPS, whereas they were reduced in the tightly bound EPS. The structural equation modeling revealed that the GDE process effectively mitigated the ARG dissemination risk by modulating both the EPS structure and microenvironment, with the organic structure representing a primary factor influencing ARGs in the EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Licheng Zhu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jungang Ding
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Kui Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Meng Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fusheng Li
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Zhang H, Liu WH, Gao YY, Sun P, Zeng YP, Ma LL, Wu JN, Zhou SG, Cui XQ, Zeng RJ, Wang HF. A novel approach for sludge deep-dewatering via flowing-out enhancement but not relying on cell lysis and bound water release. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121743. [PMID: 38728775 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Effective deep-dewatering is crucial for wastewater sludge management. Currently, the dominant methods focus on promoting cell lysis to release intracellular water, but these techniques often lead to secondary pollution and require stringent conditions, limiting their practical use. This study explores an innovative method using a commercially available complex quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, known as G-agent. This agent remarkably reduces the sludge water content from 98.6 % to 56.8 % with a low dosage (50 mg/g DS) and under neutral pH conditions. This approach surpasses Fenton oxidation in terms of dewatering efficiency and avoids the necessity for cell lysis and bound water release, thereby reducing the risk of secondary pollution in the filtrate, including heavy metals, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other contaminants. The G-agent plays a significant role in destabilizing flocs and enhancing flocculation during the conditioning and initial dewatering stages, effectively reducing the solid-liquid interfacial affinity of the sludge. In the compression filtration stage, the agent's solidification effect is crucial in forming a robust skeleton that improves pore connectivity within the filter cake, leading to increased water permeability, drainage performance and water flow-out efficiency. This facilitates deep dewatering of sludge without cell lysis. The study reveals that the G-agent primarily improves water flow-out efficiency rather than water flowability, indicating that cell lysis and bound water release are not indispensable prerequisites for sludge deep-dewatering. Furthermore, it presents an encouraging prospect for overcoming the limitations associated with conventional sludge deep-dewatering processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wen-Hui Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yun-Yan Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Lin Ma
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiang-Nan Wu
- Fujian Haixia Environmental Protection Group Co.,Ltd, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shun-Gui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xi-Qin Cui
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Raymond Jianxiong Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hou-Feng Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Hsieh CH, Trinh MM, Chang MB. Co-pyrolysis of fly ash with sewage sludge for PCDD/F removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39432-39438. [PMID: 38819506 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Fly ash generated from municipal waste incineration (MWI) contains various toxic substances, and it has to be properly treated before disposal or reuse. Water washing and thermal pyrolysis can improve the destruction efficiency of PCDD/Fs in fly ash generated from municipal solid waste incinerators. Since sulfur oxides and nitrogen compounds generated by the heating of the sewage sludge poison the catalytic active sites for PCDD/Fs formation on fly ash surface, co-pyrolysis of fly ash with sewage sludge effectively inhibits precursor formation and de novo synthesis reaction, resulting in the great reduction of PCDD/F formation. The results of the pyrolysis at 350 °C show that the PCDD/Fs removal efficiencies based on mass concentration are over 99%. The results at 350 °C of different reaction times show that the reaction time of 10 min is sufficient to reach the European End of Waste criteria (≤ 20 pg TEQ/g) when the ratio of fly ash/sewage sludge is controlled at 1:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hua Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Minh Man Trinh
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, 31040, Taiwan
| | - Moo Been Chang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
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10
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Liu M, Rashid S, Wang W, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Fu X, Su Z, Graham N, Yu W. The application of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt to replace polymeric aluminum ferric chloride for sewage sludge dewatering. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121539. [PMID: 38583335 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic coagulants such as poly aluminum ferric chloride (Al/Fe) are applied conventionally to sewage sludge dewatering and can be retained in the sludge cake, causing its conductivity to increase and generate secondary pollution. To reduce these disadvantages, there is a need to develop alternative, more sustainable chemicals as substitutes for conventional inorganic coagulants. In the present investigation, the application of a polymeric chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (CQAS) is explored as a complete, or partial, replacement for Al/Fe in the context of sludge dewatering processes. Laboratory experiments using digested sewage sludge showed that CQAS could effectively substitute for over 80 % of the Al/Fe inorganic coagulant in the sludge dewatering process. This substitution resulted in a reduction of sludge cake conductivity by more than 50 %. Simulation of sludge dewatering curves and imaging of the sludge surface indicated that the addition of CQAS led to an increase in nanosized pores, and a decrease in the specific resistance of the sludge filter cake as the dosage of Al/Fe decreased to around 30 %. The variations of fluorescence emission, quantum yield and carboxylic and amino groups, suggested that the chelating of Al/Fe decreased due to the bridging effects of CQAS. The CQAS had different flocculation bridging effects on various EPS fractions, which varied the amount of protein chelated with Al/Fe in each fraction. This study provides new information about the benefits of replacing conventional inorganic coagulants with natural organic polymers for sewage sludge dewatering, in terms of reduced sludge cake conductivity and greater dry solids content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Sajid Rashid
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Municipal Wastewater Reclamation, R&D Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100124, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Municipal Wastewater Reclamation, R&D Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yawei Zhao
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Municipal Wastewater Reclamation, R&D Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xingmin Fu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Municipal Wastewater Reclamation, R&D Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhaoyang Su
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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11
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Xiang T, Shi C, Guo Y, Zhang J, Min W, Sun J, Liu J, Yan X, Liu Y, Yao L, Mao Y, Yang X, Shi J, Yan B, Qu G, Jiang G. Effect-directed analysis of androgenic compounds from sewage sludges in China. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121652. [PMID: 38657313 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The safety of municipal sewage sludge has raised great concerns because of the accumulation of large-scale endocrine disrupting chemicals in the sludge during wastewater treatment. The presence of contaminants in sludge can cause secondary pollution owing to inappropriate disposal mechanisms, posing potential risks to the environment and human health. Effect-directed analysis (EDA), involving an androgen receptor (AR) reporter gene bioassay, fractionation, and suspect and nontarget chemical analysis, were applied to identify causal AR agonists in sludge; 20 of the 30 sludge extracts exhibited significant androgenic activity. Among these, the extracts from Yinchuan, Kunming, and Shijiazhuang, which held the most polluted AR agonistic activities were prepared for extensive EDA, with the dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-equivalency of 2.5 - 4.5 ng DHT/g of sludge. Seven androgens, namely boldione, androstenedione, testosterone, megestrol, progesterone, and testosterone isocaproate, were identified in these strongest sludges together, along with testosterone cypionate, first reported in sludge media. These identified androgens together accounted for 55 %, 87 %, and 52 % of the effects on the sludge from Yinchuan, Shijiazhuang, and Kunming, respectively. This study elucidates the causative androgenic compounds in sewage sludge and provides a valuable reference for monitoring and managing androgens in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Xiang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chunzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yunhe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weicui Min
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jifu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiliang Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Linlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuxiang Mao
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
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12
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Yang H, Guo Y, Fang N, Dong B, Wu X. Greenhouse gas emissions of sewage sludge land application in urban green space: A field experiment in a Bermuda grassland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172106. [PMID: 38556015 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Sewage sludge land application is recognized as a strategy for recycling resource and replenishing soil nutrients. However, the subsequent greenhouse gas emissions following this practice are not yet fully understood, and the lack of quantitative research and field experiments monitoring these emissions hampers the establishment of reliable emission factors. This study investigated the greenhouse gas emission characteristics of sewage sludge land application through a field experiment that monitoring soil greenhouse gas fluxes. Seven nitrogen input treatments were implemented in a typical Bermuda grassland in China, with D and C representing the amendment of digested and composted sludge, respectively, at the nitrogen input rate of 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha-1. Soil CH4, CO2, and N2O fluxes were measured throughout the entire experimental period, and soil samples from different treatments at various growth stages were analyzed. The results revealed that sewage sludge land application significantly increased soil N2O and CO2 emissions while slightly reducing soil CH4 uptake. The increased CO2 emissions were biogenic and carbon-neutral, mainly due to enhanced plant root respiration. The N2O emissions were the primary greenhouse gas emissions of sewage sludge land application, which were mainly concentrated in two 50-day periods following base and topdressing fertilization, respectively. N2O emissions following base fertilization by rotary tillage were substantially lower than those following topdressing fertilization. A logarithmic response relationship between N input rates and increased soil N2O emissions was observed, suggesting lower N2O emissions from sewage sludge land application compared to conventional N fertilizers at the same N input level. Future field experiments and meta-analysis are necessary to develop reliable greenhouse gas emission factors for sewage sludge land application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200050, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Yali Guo
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200050, PR China.
| | - Ning Fang
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200050, PR China.
| | - Bin Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Xuefei Wu
- Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, PR China.
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13
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Mushtaq S, Jamil F, Hussain M, Inayat A, Majeed K, Akhter P, Khurram MS, Shanableh A, Kim YM, Park YK. Utilizing sludge-based activated carbon for targeted leachate mitigation in wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118326. [PMID: 38325784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) based adsorbents derived from waste sludge were utilized to remediate mixed contaminants in wastewater as an integrated waste-to-resource approach promoting a paradigm shift in management of refuse sludge and wastewater. This review specifically focuses on the remediation of constituents of landfill leachate by sludge-based activated carbon (SBAC). The adsorption effectiveness of SBAC for the exclusion of leachate characters including heavy metals, phenols, dyes, phosphates, and phosphorus were explored with regard to modifiers such as pH, temperature, properties of the adsorbent including functional groups, initial doses of absorbent and adsorbate, and duration of exposure to note the impact of each parameter on the efficiency of adsorption of the sludge adsorbent. Through the works of various researchers, it was noted that the properties of the adsorbent, pH and temperature impact the working of SBACs. The pH of the adsorbent by influencing the functional groups. Temperature was expected to have a paramount effect on the adsorption efficiency of the SBACs. The importance of the regeneration and recycling of the adsorbents as well as their leachability is highlighted. Sludge based activated carbon is recommended as a timely, resource-efficient, and sustainable approach for the remediation of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mushtaq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power System Research Centre, Research Institute for Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Murid Hussain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Abrar Inayat
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power System Research Centre, Research Institute for Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaliq Majeed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Parveen Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, 1-km Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Khurram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Young Mo Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Chen F, Ding L, Zhu Y, Ren G, Man Y, Hong K, Lang L, Ström H, Xiong Q. Comprehensive kinetic modeling and product distribution for pyrolysis of pulp and paper mill sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171665. [PMID: 38490406 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis holds immense potential for clean treatment of pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS), enabling efficient energy and chemical recovery. However, current understanding of PPMS pyrolysis kinetics and product characteristics remains incomplete. This study conducted detailed modeling of pyrolysis kinetics for two typical PPMSs from a wastepaper pulp and paper mill, namely, deinking sludge (PPMS-DS) and sewage sludge (PPMS-SS), and analyzed comprehensively pyrolysis products. The results show that apparent activation energy of PPMS-DS (169.25-226.82 kJ/mol) and PPMS-SS (189.29-411.21 kJ/mol) pyrolysis undergoes significant change, with numerous parallel reactions present. A distributed activation energy model with dual logistic distributions proves to be suitable for modeling thermal decomposition kinetics of both PPMS-DS and PPMS-SS, with coefficient of determination >0.999 and relative root mean square error <1.99 %. High temperature promotes decomposition of solid organic materials in PPMS, and maximum tar yield for both PPMS-DS (53.90 wt%, daf) and PPMS-SS (56.48 wt%, daf) is achieved at around 500 °C. Higher levels of styrene (24.45 % for PPMS-DS and 14.71 % for PPMS-SS) and ethylbenzene (8.61 % for PPMS-DS and 8.33 % for PPMS-SS) are detected in tar and could be used as chemicals. This work shows great potential to propel development of PPMS pyrolysis technology, enabling green and sustainable production in pulp and paper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Lei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Guanlong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Kun Hong
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Lin Lang
- Laboratory of Biomass Thermochemical Conversion, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Henrik Ström
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Qingang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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15
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Jin B, Jia Y, Cheng K, Chu C, Wang J, Liu Y, Du J, Wang L, Pang L, Ji J, Cao X. Facilitating effects of the synergy with zero-valent iron and peroxysulfate on the sludge anaerobic fermentation system: Combined biological enzyme, microbial community and fermentation mechanism assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141805. [PMID: 38552797 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated a synergetic waste activated sludge treatment strategy with environmentally friendly zero-valent iron nanoparticles (Fe0) and peroxysulfate. To verify the feasibility of the synergistic treatment, Fe0, peroxysulfate, and the mixture of peroxysulfate and Fe0 (synergy treatment) were added to different sludge fermentation systems. The study demonstrated that the synergy treatment fermentation system displayed remarkable hydrolysis performance with 435.50 mg COD/L of protein and 197.67 mg COD/L of polysaccharide, which increased 1.13-2.85 times (protein) and 1.12-1.49 times (polysaccharide) for other three fermentation system. Additionally, the synergy treatment fermentation system (754.52 mg COD/L) exhibited a well acidification performance which was 1.35-41.73 times for other systems (18.08-557.27 mg COD/L). The synergy treatment fermentation system had a facilitating effect on the activity of protease, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase, which guaranteed the transformation of organic matter. Results also indicated that Comamonas, Soehngenia, Pseudomonas, and Fusibacter were enriched in synergy treatment, which was beneficial to produce SCFAs. The activation of Fe0 on peroxysulfate promoting electron transfer, improving the active groups, and increasing the enrichment of functional microorganisms showed the advanced nature of synergy treatment. These results proved the feasibility of synergy treatment with Fe0 and peroxysulfate to enhance waste activated sludge anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodan Jin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yusheng Jia
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ken Cheng
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chenchen Chu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Long Pang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiantao Ji
- College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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16
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Sun Z, Song X, Wu Y, Jie J, Zhang Z. Synergistic effects of peracetic acid and free ammonia pretreatment on anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge to promote short-chain fatty acid production for polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis: Mechanisms and optimization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:121078. [PMID: 38723503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) combined with free ammonia (FA) pretreatment can be utilized to promote anaerobic fermentation (AF) of waste activated sludge (WAS) to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the resulting SCFAs are desirable carbon sources (C-sources) for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis. This work aimed to determine the optimum conditions for PAA + FA pretreatment of sludge AF and the feasibility of using anaerobic fermentation liquor (AFL) for PHA production. To reveal the mechanisms of integrated pretreatment, the impacts of PAA + FA pretreatment on different stages of sludge AF and changes in the microbial community structure were explored. The experimental results showed that the maximum SCFA yield reached 491.35 ± 6.02 mg COD/g VSS on day 5 after pretreatment with 0.1 g PAA/g VSS +70 mg FA/L, which was significantly greater than that resulting from PAA or FA pretreatment alone. The mechanism analysis showed that PAA + FA pretreatment promoted sludge solubilization but strongly inhibited methanogenesis. According to the analysis of the microbial community, PAA + FA pretreatment changed the microbial community structure and promoted the enrichment of bacteria related to hydrolysis and acidification, and Proteiniclasticum, Macellibacteroides and Petrimonas became the dominant hydrolytic and acidifying bacteria. Finally, after alkali treatment, the AFL was utilized for batch-mode PHA production, and a maximum PHA yield of 55.05 wt% was achieved after five operation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 209 Daxue Road, Jinzhong, 030600, PR China
| | - Xiulan Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 209 Daxue Road, Jinzhong, 030600, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
| | - Yuqi Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 209 Daxue Road, Jinzhong, 030600, PR China.
| | - Jifa Jie
- Wuhan Planning and Design Institute, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
| | - Zeqian Zhang
- Shanxi Transportation New Technology Development Co.,Ltd., Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
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17
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Lv J, Zhao Q, Jiang J, Ding J, Wei L. Sludge dewaterability improvement with microbial fuel cell powered electro-Fenton system (MFCⓅEFs): Performance and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171422. [PMID: 38432365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Throughout the entire process of sludge treatment and disposal, it is crucial to explore stable and efficient techniques to improve sludge dewaterability, which can facilitate subsequent resource utilization and space and cost savings. Traditional Fenton oxidation has been widely researched to enhance the performance of sludge dewaterability, which was limited by the additional energy input and the instabilities of Fe2+ and H2O2. To reduce the consumption of energy and chemicals and further break the rate-limiting step of the iron cycle, a novel and feasible method that constructed microbial fuel cell powered electro-Fenton systems (MFCⓅEFs) with ferrite and biochar electrode (MgFe2O4@BC/CF) was successfully demonstrated. The MFCⓅEFs with MgFe2O4@BC/CF electrode achieved specific resistance filtration and sludge cake water content of 2.52 × 1012 m/kg and 66.54 %. Cellular structure and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were disrupted, releasing partially bound water and destroying hydrophilic structures to facilitate sludge flocs aggregation, which was attributed to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals. The consistent electron supply supplied by MFCⓅEFs and catalytically active sites on the surface of the multifunctional functional group electrode was responsible for producing more hydroxyl radicals and possessing a better oxidizing ability. The study provided an innovative process for sludge dewaterability improvement with high efficiency and low energy consumption, which presented new insights into the green treatment of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Junqiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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18
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Zhang X, Chen X, Xiao J, Peng X, Wang J, Ma J, Liu D, Liang C. Comparative study of different sewage sludge incineration treatments based on environmental and economic life cycle assessment. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2024; 42:418-429. [PMID: 37519287 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231187560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Incineration is one of the most widely used treatments in the field of sewage sludge disposal. However, the choice of sewage sludge incineration process is still controversial. In this study, the comparative life cycle assessment of sewage sludge incineration processes, including the mono-incineration, co-incineration in coal-fired power plants and co-incineration in municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plants, was carried out from the perspective of environment, carbon footprint and economy. The environmental assessment results show that terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity, human carcinogenic toxicity and human non-carcinogenic toxicity are the most significant environmental impacts. And the environmental performance of co-incineration in coal-fired power plants is the best. Moreover, the environmental impact is most sensitive to the dehydrant, electricity and fly ash chelating agent. Co-incineration in MSW incineration plants has the lowest carbon emissions, with only 70.50% and 82% of the carbon emissions from mono-incineration and co-incineration in coal-fired power plants, respectively. Furthermore, sewage sludge mono-incineration has the highest disposal costs because of the higher depreciation and solid waste disposal costs. The comprehensive evaluation results reveal that the optimization should focus on the selection of dehydrant and fly ash chelating agent, as well as the improvement of the equipment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- Shenzhen Energy Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Changzhou Xi Lian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiliang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Daoyin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Cai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Wang X, Lu Y, Yan Y, Wang R, Wang Y, Li H, Zhou L, Zheng G, Zhang Y. Pivotal role of intracellular oxidation by HOCl in simultaneously removing antibiotic resistance genes and enhancing dewaterability during conditioning of sewage sludge using Fe 2+/Ca(ClO) 2. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121414. [PMID: 38461604 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Pre-acidification has been shown to be crucial in attenuating antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during the conditioning of sewage sludge. However, it is of great significance to develop alternative conditioning approaches that can effectively eliminate sludge-borne ARGs without relying on pre-acidification. This is due to the high investment costs and operational complexities associated with sludge pre-acidification. In this study, the effects of Fe2+/Ca(ClO)2 conditioning treatment on the enhancement of sludge dewaterability and the removal of ARGs were compared with other conditioning technologies. The dose effect and the associated mechanisms were also investigated. The findings revealed that Fe2+/Ca(ClO)2 conditioning treatment had the highest potential, even surpassing Fenton treatment with pre-acidification, in terms of eliminating the total ARGs. Moreover, the effectiveness of the treatment was found to be dose-dependent. This study also identified that the •OH radical reacted with extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and extracellular ARGs, and the HOCl, the production of which was positively correlated with the dose of Fe2+/Ca(ClO)2, could infiltrate the EPS layer and diffuse into the cell of sludge flocs, inducing the oxidation of intracellular ARGs. Furthermore, this study observed a significant decrease in the predicted hosts of ARGs and MGEs in sludge conditioned with Fe2+/Ca(ClO)2, accompanied by a significant downregulation of metabolic pathways associated with ARG propagation, thereby contributing to the attenuation of sludge-borne ARGs. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Fe2+/Ca(ClO)2 conditioning treatment holds great potential for the removal of sludge-borne ARGs while also enhancing sludge dewaterability, which mainly relies on the intracellular oxidation by HOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lixiang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guanyu Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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20
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Miao J, Wang X, Liu G, Bai S, Daigger GT, Kang J, Wang M, Ren N. Smoothing the Phosphorus Resource Stress under the Socioeconomic Development in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6998-7009. [PMID: 38602777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is the key in maintaining food security and ecosystem functions. Population growth and economic development have increased the demand for phosphate rocks. China has gradually developed from zero phosphate mining to the world's leading P miner, fertilizer, and agricultural producer since 1949. China released policies, such as designating phosphate rock as a strategic resource, promoting eco-agricultural policies, and encouraging the use of solid wastes produced in mining and the phosphorus chemical industry as construction materials. However, methodological and data gaps remain in the mapping of the long-term effects of policies on P resource efficiency. Here, P resource efficiency can be represented by the potential of the P cycle to concentrate or dilute P as assessed by substance flow analysis (SFA) complemented by statistical entropy analysis (SEA). P-flow quantification over the past 70 years in China revealed that both resource utilization and waste generation peaked around 2015, with 20 and 11 Mt of mined and wasted P, respectively. Additionally, rapidly increasing aquaculture wastewater has exacerbated pollution. The resource efficiency of the Chinese P cycle showed a U-shaped change with an overall improvement of 22.7%, except for a temporary trough in 1975. The driving force behind the efficiency decline was the roaring phosphate fertilizer industry, as confirmed by the sharp increase in P flows for both resource utilization and waste generation from the mid-1960s to 1975. The positive driving forces behind the 30.7% efficiency increase from 1975 to 2018 were the implementation of the resource conservation policy, downstream pollution control, and, especially, the circular agro-food system strategy. However, not all current management practices improve the P resource efficiency. Mixing P industry waste with construction materials and the development of aquaculture to complement offshore fisheries erode P resource efficiency by 2.12% and 9.19%, respectively. With the promotion of a zero-waste society in China, effective P-cycle management is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiuheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Shunwen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Glen T Daigger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2092 United States
| | - Jinhao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, PR China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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21
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Li X, Liu L, Zhang X, Yang X, Niu S, Zheng Z, Dong B, Hur J, Dai X. Aging and mitigation of microplastics during sewage sludge treatments: An overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171338. [PMID: 38428608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) receive large quantities of microplastics (MPs) from raw wastewater, but many MPs are trapped in the sludge. Land application of sludge is a significant source of MP pollution. Existing reviews have summarized the analysis methods of MPs in sludge and the effect of MPs on sludge treatments. However, MP aging and mitigation during sludge treatment processes are not fully reviewed. Treatment processes used to remove water, pathogenic microorganisms, and other pollutants in sewage sludge also cause surface changes and degradation in the sludge MPs, affecting the potential risk of MPs. This study integrates MP abundance and distribution in sludge and their aging and mitigation characteristics during sludge treatment processes. The abundance, composition, and distribution of sludge MPs vary significantly with WWTPs. Furthermore, MPs exhibit variable degrees of aging, including rough surfaces, enhanced adsorption potentials for pollutants, and increased leaching behavior. Various sludge treatment processes further intensify these aging characteristics. Some sludge treatments, such as hydrothermal treatment, have efficiently removed MPs from sewage sludge. It is crucial to understand the potential risk of MP aging in sludge and the degradation properties of the MP-derived products from MP degradation in-depth and develop novel MP mitigation strategies in sludge, such as combining hydrothermal treatment and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Lulu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - XingFeng Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Shiyu Niu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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22
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Hao T, Xu Y, Liang C, Peng X, Yu S, Peng L. Establishing an efficient membrane bioreactor for simultaneous pollutant removal and purple bacteria production under salinity stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141535. [PMID: 38403121 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Recovering resources from wastewater to alleviate the energy crisis has become the prevailing trend of technological development. Purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB), a group of fast-growing microbes, have been widely noticed for their potential in producing value-added products from waste streams. However, saline contents in these waste streams, such as food processing wastewater pose a big challenge, which not only restrain the pollutant removal efficiency, but also hinder the growth of functional microbes. To overcome this, a photo anaerobic membrane bioreactor cultivating PPB (PPB-MBR) was constructed and its performance upon long-term salinity stress was investigated. PPB-MBR achieved desirable pollutants removal performance with the average COD and NH4+ removal efficiency being 87% (±8%, n = 87) and 89% (±10%, n = 87), respectively during long-term exposure to salinity stress of 1-80 g NaCl L-1. PPB were predominant during the entire operation period of 87 days (60%-80%), obtaining maximum biomass yield of 0.67 g biomass g-1 CODremoved and protein productivity of 0.18 g L-1 d-1 at the salinity level of 20 g NaCl L-1 and 60 g NaCl L-1, respectively. The sum of value-added products in proportion to the biomass reached 58% at maximum at the salinity level of 60 g NaCl L-1 with protein, pigments and trehalose contributing to 44%, 8.7%, and 5%, respectively. Based on economic analysis, the most cost-saving scenario treating food processing wastewater was revealed at salinity level of around 20 g NaCl L-1. However, more optimization tools are needed to boost the production efficiency so that the profit from value-added products can outweigh the additional cost by excess salinity in the future implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Hao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanzhou Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Siwei Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lai Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Yu B, Fu L, Chen T, Zheng G, Yang J, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Huang X. Environmental impacts of cement kiln co-incineration sewage sludge biodried products in a scale-up trial. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 177:24-33. [PMID: 38290345 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The biodrying technology as a pretreatment technology can overcome the limitations of cement kilns co-incineration sewage sludge (SS) on energy consumption. But the impact of SS biodried products on cement kilns and the route carbon reduction potential of biodrying + cement kilns have not been studied. In this study, SS biodrying and cement kiln co-incineration biodried product trials were conducted to highlight the matrix combustion characteristics, and the impact of biodried products on cement kilns (clinker capacity, coal consumption, and pollutant discharge). The carbon emissions of the four scenarios were assessed based on these results. The results showed that water removal rate reached 65.5 % after 11-day biodrying, and the wet-based lower heating value of the biodried product increased by 76.0 % compared with the initial matrix. Comprehensive combustibility index of the biodried product (0.745 × 10-7 %2℃-3min-2) was better than that of SS (0.433 × 10-7 %2℃-3min-2) although a portion of the organic matter was degraded. Cement kiln co-incineration of biodried products (150 t/d) resulted in per tonne of clinker saved 5.61 kg of coal due to the heat utilization efficiency of biodried products reached to 93.7 %. However, it led to an increase in the emission concentrations of NOX and SO2. Assessment results indicated that the biodrying + cement kiln pathway reduced CO2 emissions by 385.7 kg/t SS. Biodried products have greater potential to reduce emissions as alternative fuels than as fertilizers. This study indicated the advantages of SS biodrying + cement kiln co-incineration route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yu
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lili Fu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Greentech Technology Group Co.Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Junxing Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Greentech Technology Group Co.Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
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24
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Khan U, Bilal M, Adil HM, Darlington N, Khan A, Khan N, Ihsanullah I. Hydrogen from sewage sludge: Production methods, influencing factors, challenges, and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170696. [PMID: 38340850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The rising global population and rapid industrialization have frequently resulted in a significant escalation in energy requirements. Hydrogen, renowned for its eco-friendly and renewable characteristics, has garnered substantial interest as a fuel alternative to address the energy needs currently fulfilled by fossil fuels. Embracing such energy substitutes holds pivotal importance in advancing environmental sustainability, aiding in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions - the primary catalysts of global warming and climate fluctuations. This study elucidates recent trends in sewage sludge (SS)-derived hydrogen through diverse production pathways and critically evaluates the impact of varying parameters on hydrogen yield. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the breakdown of the hydrogen generation process from SS is provided, along with an assessment of its economic dimensions. The review culminates by illuminating key obstacles in the adoption of this innovative technology, accompanied by practical recommendations to surmount these challenges. This comprehensive analysis is expected to attract considerable interest from stakeholders within the hydrogen production domain, fostering substantial engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Khan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, Krakow 31-155, Poland
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Hossain Md Adil
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, Krakow 31-155, Poland
| | - Nnabodo Darlington
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, Krakow 31-155, Poland
| | - Ahsan Khan
- Center of Excellence in Particle Technology and Material Processing, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nouman Khan
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23640, KPK, Pakistan
| | - I Ihsanullah
- Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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25
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Liu Z, Heng S, Dai Q, Gao Y, Han Y, Hu L, Liu Y, Lu X, Zhen G. Simultaneous removal of antibiotic resistance genes and improved dewatering ability of waste activated sludge by Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121265. [PMID: 38340701 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge properties vary widely with different regions due to the difference in living standards and geographical distribution, making a big challenge to developing a universally effective sludge dewatering technique. The Fe(II)-activated persulfate (S2O82-) oxidation process shows excellent ability to disrupt sludge cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and release bound water from sludge flocs. In this study, the discrepancies in the physicochemical characteristics of sludge samples from seven representative cities in China (e.g., dewaterability, EPS composition, surface charge, microbial community, relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), etc.) were investigated, and the role of Fe(II)-S2O82- oxidation in enhancing removal of antibiotic resistance genes and dewatering ability were explored. The results showed significant differences between the EPS distribution and chemical composition of sludge samples due to different treatment processes, effluent sources, and regions. The Fe(II)-S2O82- oxidation pretreatment had a good enhancement of sludge dewatering capacity (up to 76 %). Microbial analysis showed that the microbial community in each sludge varied significantly depending on the types of wastewater, the wastewater treatment processes, and the regions, but Fe(II)-S2O82- oxidation was able to attack and rupture the sludge zoogloea indiscriminately. Genetic analysis further showed that a considerable number of ARGs were detected in all of these sludge samples and that Fe(II)-S2O82- oxidation was effective in removing ARGs by higher than 90 %. The highly active radicals (e.g., SO4-·, ·OH) produced in this process caused drastic damage to sludge microbial cells and DNA stability while liberating the EPS/cell-bound water. Co-occurrence network analysis highlighted a positive correlation between population distribution and ARGs abundance, while variations in microbial communities were linked to regional differences in living standards and level of economic development. Despite these variations, the Fe(II)-S2O82- oxidation consistently achieved excellent performance in both ARGs removal and sludge dewatering. The significant modularity of associations between different microbial communities also confirms its ability to reduce horizontal gene transfer (HGT) by scavenging microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shiliang Heng
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qicai Dai
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yijing Gao
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yule Han
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingtian Hu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yisheng Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, PR China; Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
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26
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Wang K, Jiang J, Zhu Y, Zhou Q, Bing X, Tan Y, Wang Y, Zhang R. Characteristics of DOM and Their Relationships with Potentially Toxic Elements in the Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River, China. TOXICS 2024; 12:250. [PMID: 38668473 PMCID: PMC11054287 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is important for better understanding of the migration and transformation mechanisms of DOM in water bodies and its interaction with other contaminants. In this work, fluorescence characteristics and molecular compositions of the DOM samples collected from the mainstream, tributary, and sewage outfall of the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River (IMYR) were determined by using fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). In addition, concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the relevant surface water and their potential relationships with DOM were investigated. The results showed that the abundance of tyrosine-like components increased significantly in downstream waters impacted by outfall effluents and was negatively correlated with the humification index (HIX). Compared to the mainstream, outfall and tributaries have a high number of molecular formulas and a higher proportion of CHOS molecular formulas. In particular, the O5S class has a relative intensity of 41.6% and the O5-7S class has more than 70%. Thirty-eight PTEs were measured in the surface water samples, and 12 found above their detective levels at all sampling sites. Protein-like components are positively correlated with Cu, which is likely indicating the source of Cu in the aquatic environment of the IMYR. Our results demonstrated that urban wastewater discharges significantly alter characteristics and compositions of DOM in the mainstream of IMYR with strongly anthropogenic features. These results and conclusions are important for understanding the role and sources of DOM in the Yellow River aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (K.W.); (J.J.); (Q.Z.); (X.B.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Juan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (K.W.); (J.J.); (Q.Z.); (X.B.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.)
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yuanrong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (K.W.); (J.J.); (Q.Z.); (X.B.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qihao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (K.W.); (J.J.); (Q.Z.); (X.B.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xiaojie Bing
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (K.W.); (J.J.); (Q.Z.); (X.B.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.)
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yidan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (K.W.); (J.J.); (Q.Z.); (X.B.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (K.W.); (J.J.); (Q.Z.); (X.B.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;
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Li J, Ma H, Yu H, Feng L, Xia X, He S, Chen X, Zhao Q, Wei L. Effect and potential mechanisms of sludge-derived chromium, nickel, and lead on soil nitrification: Implications for sustainable land utilization of digested sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133552. [PMID: 38246061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing occurrence of heavy metals (HMs) in sewage sludge threatens its widespread land utilization in China due to its potential impact on nutrient cycling in soil, requiring a better understanding of HM-induced impacts on nitrification. Herein, lab-scale experiments were conducted over 185-day, evaluating the effect of sludge-derived chromium (Cr3+), nickel (Ni2+), and lead (Pb2+) on soil nitrification at different concentrations. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and linear regression results revealed an inhibitory sequence of gene abundance by HMs' labile fraction: ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)-ammonia monooxygenase (amoA)> nitrite oxidoreductase subunit alpha (nxrA)> nitrite oxidoreductase subunit beta (nxrB). The toxicity of HMs' incremental labile fraction decreased in the order of Ni2+>Cr3+>Pb2+, with respective threshold values of 5.01, 24.03 and 38.42 mg·kg-1. Furthermore, extending incubation time reduced HMs inhibition on ammonia oxidation, mainly related to their fraction bound to carbonate minerals. Random Forest analysis, variation partitioning analysis, and Mantel test indicated that soil physicochemical properties primarily affected nitrification genes, especially in the test of Cr3+ on AOB-amoA, nxrA, nxrB, Ni2+ for complete ammonia-oxidizing bacteria-amoA, and Pb2+ for nxrA and nxrB. These findings underline the importance of labile HMs fractions and soil physicochemical properties to nitrification, guiding the establishment of HM control standards for sludge utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Harbin Rongyi Huizhi Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin 150090, China
| | - Likui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shufei He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Elite Engineers School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Du J, Tian C, Xiao J, Liu Y, Zhang F, Gao X, Xing B, Zhao Y. Co-fermentation of titanium-flocculated-sludge with food waste towards simultaneous water purification and resource recovery. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121110. [PMID: 38198972 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Recovery of resources from domestic sewage and food waste has always been an international-thorny problem. Titanium-based flocculation can achieve high-efficient destabilization, quick concentration and separation of organic matter from sewage to sludge. This study proposed co-fermentation of the titanium-flocculated sludge (Ti-loaded sludge) and food waste towards resource recovery by converting organic matter to value-added volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and inorganic matter to struvite and TiO2 nanoparticles. When Ti-loaded sludge and food waste were co-fermented at a mass ratio of 3:1, the VFAs yield reached 3725.2 mg-COD/L (VFAs/SCOD 91.0%), which was more than 4 times higher than the case of the sludge alone. The 48-day semicontinuous co-fermentation demonstrated stable long-term operation, yielding VFAs at 2529.0 mg-COD/L (VFAs/SCOD 89.8%) and achieving a high CODVFAs/NNH4 of 58.9. Food waste provided sufficient organic substrate, enriching plenty of acid-producing fermentation bacteria (such as Prevotella 7 about 21.0% and Bacteroides about 9.4%). Moreover, metagenomic sequencing analysis evidenced the significant increase of the relative gene abundance corresponding to enzymes in pathways, such as extracellular hydrolysis, substrates metabolism, and VFAs biosynthesis. After fermentation, the precious element P (≥ 99.0%) and extra-added element Ti (≥99.0%) retained in fermented residues, without releasing to VFAs supernatant, which facilitated the direct re-use of VFAs as resource. Through simple and commonly used calcination and acid leaching methodologies, 80.9% of element P and 82.1% of element Ti could be successfully recovered as struvite and TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively. This research provides a strategy for the co-utilization of domestic sludge and food waste, which can realize both reduction of sludge and recovery of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Du
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Tian
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 3501 Daxue Road, 250353, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianan Xiao
- Shandong Huankeyuan Environmental Testing Co., Ltd, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fenfen Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaomei Gao
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Wang Y, Li L, Ma J, Han Y. The response and factors of microbial aerosol emission from the sludge bio-drying process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 175:294-304. [PMID: 38237405 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to high levels of microbial contaminants during waste disposal leads to the development of various diseases, including respiratory symptoms and gastrointestinal infections. In this study, the emissions of airborne bacteria and fungi during the process of sludge bio-drying were investigated. The recorded emission levels of airborne bacteria and fungi were 2398 ± 1307 CFU/m3 and 1963 ± 468 CFU/m3, respectively. Viable bacteria were sized between 1.1 and 3.3 μm, while fungal particles were concentrated between 2.1 and 4.7 μm. High-throughput sequencing was used to conduct a microbial population assay, and correlation analysis was performed to estimate the relationship between key factors and bioaerosol emissions. The main bacteria identified were Bacillus sp., Lysinibacillus sp. YS11, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Brevundimonas olei, and Achromobacter sp.; the primary types of fungi were Aspergillus ochraceus, Gibberella intricans, Fusarium concentricum, Aspergillus qinqixianii, and Alternaria sp.; and the dominant opportunistic pathogens were Bacillus anthracis and Aspergillus ochraceus. At lower moisture and temperature levels, airborne bacterial concentrations were higher, especially the release of fine particles. In addition, moisture content had a significant impact on the microbial population in bioaerosols. This study provides insights into strategies for controlling bioaerosols in the exhaust gases of the sludge bio-drying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Xiao Y, Liu Y, Cai W. Spatial and temporal evolution and drivers of GHG emissions from urban domestic wastewater treatment in China: a review at the provincial level. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21028-21043. [PMID: 38383929 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
To mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the wastewater treatment industry, it is crucial to explore GHG emission patterns and propose useful measures. In this study, we use the Kaya model and LMDI decomposition method to analyze the changes in GHG emissions from urban domestic wastewater treatment at the provincial level and further explore the distribution characteristics and driving factors of urban domestic wastewater treatment GHG emissions across various years and regions. The results indicate the following: (1) In the temporal dimension, urban domestic wastewater treatment GHG emissions are increasing, from 21.0 MtCO2 in 2011 to 27.1 MtCO2 in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 2.88%. The spatial distribution is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. There is variability in the spatial evolution trend of GHG emissions by province, with the growth rate becoming slower or even negative in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and North China, while the average annual growth rate exceeds 25% in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. (2) According to the decomposition results of driving factors, economic scale is the dominant positive driver, and the positive contributions of TI and the population effect are limited. The sludge disposal structure is the main negative driver, and the EEI and technology have restricted negative contributions. (3) Based on the decomposition results, for major coastal GHG emitters, such as Guangdong and Shandong, it is necessary to invest capital and technology to continuously upgrade the wastewater treatment process and reduce non-CO2 emissions. Along with adopting circular economy schemes, local governments in the northwestern region should transform the traditional sludge disposal structure and optimize the power supply structure to increase carbon offset and reduce CO2 emissions. The findings suggest a low-carbon transformation path to support the industry's dual carbon goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Cai
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Twagirayezu E, Fan L, Liu X, Iqbal A, Lu X, Wu X, Zan F. Comparative life cycle assessment of sewage sludge treatment in Wuhan, China: Sustainability evaluation and potential implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169686. [PMID: 38163598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the relentless growth of sewage sludge production, achieving low-carbon development in sewage sludge treatment and disposal (STD) is becoming increasingly challenging and unpredictable. However, the STD varied spatially, and city-specific analysis is deemed necessary for sustainable evaluation. Therefore, a lifecycle-based greenhouse gas (GHG), energy, and economic analysis were conducted by considering six local STD alternatives in Wuhan City, China, as a case study. The findings indicated anaerobic digestion combined with digestate utilization for urban greening (ADL) and incineration in existing power plants (INCP) exhibited the least GHG emissions at 34.073 kg CO2 eq/FU and 644.128 kg CO2 eq/FU, while INCP generated the most energy at -2594 kW.h/FU. The economic evaluation revealed that ADL and INCP were more beneficial without accounting for land acquisition. Scenario analysis showed that the energy recovery from ADL and INCP is significantly influenced by the hydrolysis yielding rate and sludge organic content. Perturbation sensitivity indicates that regional emission factor of electricity and electricity fee highly influence the overall GHG emission and cost. The results of this study could assist policymakers in identifying viable solutions to the cities experiencing the same sludge treatment burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Twagirayezu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), and Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment, MOHURD, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liezhong Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), and Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment, MOHURD, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- School of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Asad Iqbal
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Center, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Xiejuan Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), and Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment, MOHURD, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), and Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment, MOHURD, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Feixiang Zan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), and Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment, MOHURD, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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32
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He J, Cui X, Chu Z, Jiang Z, Pang H, Xin X, Duan S, Zhong Y. Effect of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and biogas slurry reflux on methane production by anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e10994. [PMID: 38351362 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve anaerobic digestion (AD) efficiency through the addition of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and biogas slurry. This paper demonstrated that methane production was most effectively promoted at a biogas slurry reflux ratio of 60%. The introduction of ZVI into anaerobic systems does not enhance its bioavailability. However, both biogas slurry reflux and the combination of ZVI with biogas slurry reflux increase the relative abundance of microorganisms involved in the direct interspecific electron transfer (DIET) process. Among them, the dominant microorganisms Methanosaeta, Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, and Methanolinea accounted for over 60% of the total methanogenic archaea. The Tax4Fun function prediction results indicate that biogas slurry reflux and the combination of ZVI with biogas slurry reflux can increase the content of key enzymes in the acetotrophic and hydrotrophic methanogenesis pathways, thereby strengthening these pathways. The corrosion of ZVI promotes hydrogen production, and the biogas slurry reflux provided additional alkaline and anaerobic microorganisms for the anaerobic system. Their synergistic effect promoted the growth of hydrotrophic methanogens and improved the activities of various enzymes in the hydrolysis and acidification phases, enhanced the system's buffer capacity, and prevented secondary environmental pollution. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Optimal methane production was achieved at a biogas slurry reflux ratio of 60%. Biogas slurry reflux in anaerobic digestion substantially reduced discharge. ZVI addition in combination with biogas slurry reflux facilitates the DIET process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo He
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Cui
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaorui Chu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Architectural Design and Research Institute of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi 'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi 'an, China
| | - Xiaodong Xin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Shengye Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yijie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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33
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Liu W, Sun C, Ren Z, Hao S, Chen Z, Li T, Wen X. Long-term occurrence, resistance risk and chaotic characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes in sludge anaerobic digestion system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130267. [PMID: 38154733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The long-term occurrence, dynamics and risk of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in anaerobic digestion (AD) of excess sludge (ES) are not fully understood. Therefore, 13-month metagenomic monitoring was carried out in a full-scale AD plant. The highest ARG abundance and risk scores were observed in spring. AD achieved a 35 % removal rate for the total ARG abundance, but the risk score of AD sludge was not always lower than ES samples, because of the higher proportion of Rank I ARGs in AD sludge. ARGs showed less obvious patterns under linear models compared with microbial community, implying their chaotic dynamics, which was further confirmed by nonlinearity tests. Empirical dynamic modeling performed better than the autoregressive integrated moving average model for ARG dynamics, especially for those with simple and nonlinear dynamics. This study highlighted spring for its higher ARG abundance and risk, and recommended nonlinear models for revealing the dynamics of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenxiang Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhengran Ren
- Research and Development Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
| | - Shan Hao
- Research and Development Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianle Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xianghua Wen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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34
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Li X, Yuan SJ, Cai C, Li XW, Wu HB, Shen D, Dong B, Xu ZX. A 20-year shift in China's sewage sludge heavy metals and its feasibility of nutrient recovery in land use. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122907. [PMID: 37952918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Recycling resources from wastewater is even more important for developing a more sustainable society. Disposing sewage sludge, which accumulates most pollutants and resources in sewage, is the main challenge in wastewater pollution control and resource utilization. Heavy metals (HMs) are the greatest constraint limiting the application of sewage sludge to land as a sustainable use of this material. We conducted a meta-analysis of the concentrations of HMs in Chinese sewage sludge by combining data from studies published from 2000 to 2019 (N = 8477). Over this period, the reported concentrations of HMs in sewage sludge declined in three stages (a fluctuating stage, a slight decrease stage, and a rapid and stable decrease stage). The results revealed that economic development and environmental policy implementation were the main factors mitigating HM pollution in sewage sludge in China. Moreover, if environmental regulations were strengthened and HM pollution-mitigation strategies were made consistent, such that the proportion of sewage sludge applied to land in China could be increased from 18.6% to 48.0% (the proportion applied to land in the United States), the ecosystem services analysis showed that huge ecological-economic benefits could be realized (3.1 billion Chinese Yuan) and the use of fertilizers could be substantially reduced (the use of nitrogen fertilizers by 8.5% and the use of phosphate fertilizers by 18.1%). This review shows that China should formulate a unified policy and interdepartmental committee for sustainable application of sewage sludge to land and wastewater resource recycling management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Shi-Jie Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Chen Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Hai-Bin Wu
- YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Danni Shen
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200335, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, PR China.
| | - Zu-Xin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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35
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Zhang Y, Bu X, Wang Y, Hang Z, Chen Z. Hierarchically porous biochar derived from aerobic granular sludge for high-performance membrane capacitive deionization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 17:100297. [PMID: 37635953 PMCID: PMC10457425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is a cost-effective desalination technique known for its low energy consumption. The performance of MCDI cells relies on the properties of electrode materials. Activated carbon is the most widely used electrode material. However, the capacitive carbon available on the market is often expensive. Here, we developed hierarchically porous biochar by combining carbonization and activation processes, using easily acquired aerobic granular sludge (AGS) from biological sewage treatment plants as a precursor. The biochar had a specific surface area of 1822.07 m2 g-1, with a micropore area ratio of 58.65% and a micropore volume of 0.576 cm3 g-1. The MCDI cell employing the biochar as electrodes demonstrated a specific adsorption capacity of 34.35 mg g-1, comparable to commercially available activated carbon electrodes. Our study presents a green and sustainable approach for preparing highly efficient, hierarchically porous biochar from AGS, offering great potential for enhanced performance in MCDI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xudong Bu
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Zhenyu Hang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
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36
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Zhang S, Wei L, Trakal L, Wang S, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Chen Q. Pyrolytic and hydrothermal carbonization affect the transformation of phosphorus fractions in the biochar and hydrochar derived from organic materials: A meta-analysis study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167418. [PMID: 37774876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbonized organic materials are widely used to achieve soil improvement and alleviate soil pollution. The carbonization process significantly changes the total phosphorus (P) content and the P form in the solid phase derived from organic materials, which in turn has a significant impact on the P fertilizer effect in soils. In the present study, a meta-analysis with 278 observational data was conducted to detect the impact of the carbonization process (including pyrolytic carbonization and hydrothermal carbonization) on the transformation of P fractions in biochar or hydrochar derived from different organic materials. The results showed that the carbonization process significantly increased the total P content of the solid phase by 67.9%, and that the rate of P recovery from raw materials stayed high with a mean value of 86.8%. Among them, the impact of sludge-derived char was smaller when compared to the manure-derived char and biomass-derived char. The increase of total P in the biochar (or hydrochar) produced at >500 °C (or >200 °C) was more notable than that at <500 °C (or <200 °C). Simultaneously, the carbonization process significantly decreased the proportion of available P pool in the solid phase by 51.7% on average and increased the proportion of stable P pool in the solid phase by 204%. Appropriate production temperature helps to adjust the proportion of stable P pool in the solid phase. This meta-analysis pointed out that the carbonized solid phase recovers most of the P in the feedstock and that it promotes a significant transformation of available P pool in the feedstock to stable P in the carbonized solid phase. These findings provide useful information for the rational use of carbonization technology, the development of corresponding field management strategies, and the potential value of carbonized solid phase utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lulu Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lukas Trakal
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Qing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Zhang B, Tang X, Xu Q, Fan C, Gao Y, Li S, Wang M, Li C. Anionic polyacrylamide alleviates cadmium inhibition on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 17:100306. [PMID: 37701857 PMCID: PMC10494310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The uncontrolled discharge of industrial wastewater leads to a significant cadmium (Cd) accumulation in waste activated sludge (WAS), posing a serious threat to the steady operation of the anaerobic digestion (AD) system in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Therefore, developing a viable approach to cope with the adverse effects of high-concentration Cd on the AD system is urgently required. This study aims to investigate the potential of using anionic polyacrylamide (APAM), a commonly used agent in WWTPs, to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd in a toxic amount (i.e., 5.0 mg per g total suspended solids (TSS)) on AD of WAS. The results showed that the effectiveness of higher APAM on Cd toxicity alleviation was less than that of lower APAM at the studied level (i.e., the effectiveness order was 1.5 mg APAM per g TSS > 3.0 mg APAM per g TSS > 6.0 mg APAM per g TSS). The moderate supplement of APAM (i.e., 1.5 mg per g TSS) recovered the accumulative methane yield from 190.5 ± 3.6 to 228.9 ± 4.1 mL per g volatile solids by promoting solubilization, hydrolysis, and acidification processes related to methane production. The application of APAM also increased the abundance of key microbes in the AD system, especially Methanolinea among methanogens and Caldilineaceae among hydrolyzers. Furthermore, APAM facilitated the key enzyme activities involved in AD processes and reduced reactive oxygen species (induced by Cd) production via adsorption/enmeshment of Cd by APAM. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using moderate APAM to mitigate Cd toxicity during AD, providing a promising solution for controlling Cd or other heavy metal toxicity in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xiang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Qiuxiang Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Changzheng Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yuying Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Mier Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
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Xu Z, Zhai X, Bai X. Amplifiers of environmental risk of microplastics in sewage sludge: Thermal drying treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167029. [PMID: 37704158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge was already identified as an important source of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. Therefore, investigating the effects of sludge treatment processes on sludge-based MPs is essential for understanding the environmental risks and controlling their release. This study investigated the occurrence characteristics and elucidated the fragmentation mechanism of sludge-based MPs before and after the thermal drying treatment of sludge. The results showed that this treatment increased the abundance of sludge-based MPs by about 10-fold, with enhanced fragmentation and fracture parameters, and increased the abundance of <100 μm MPs to >60 %. Remarkably, both polypropylene-microplastics (PP-MPs) and polyethylene terephthalate-microplastics (PET-MPs) did not show significant chemical aging. The structural analysis showed that the molecular chain disorientation and secondary crystallization of PP-MPs and PET-MPs occurred. These transformations caused the contraction of the polymer molecular chains and the generation of micro-mechanical stresses, leading to the formation of warpage structures and stress cracking on the MPs' surface. These phenomena also contributed to the further fragmentation of the MPs and the development of finer MPs particles. The findings of the present investigations emphasize that the thermal drying of sewage sludge amplifies the environmental risk of sludge-based MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xue Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
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39
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Wu Y, Gao M, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ji J. Effect of initial water content on the dewatering performance of freeze-thaw preconditioned landfill sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117356. [PMID: 37838206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Freeze-thawing (F/T) is an effective method of sludge dewatering preconditioning and has been studied in many studies. However, previous studies have taken landfill sludge from different regions, filled for different length of time or at different depth, resulting in large differences in initial water content and different treatment effects. Therefore, the effect of initial water content on the dewatering characteristics of F/T preconditioned landfill sludge has been investigated. The sludge with different initial water contents was firstly preconditioned by one F/T cycle. Then the F/T sludge was vacuum filtered and compared with the dewatering performance of FeCl3 preconditioned sludge with the same water content. Finally, the mechanism of the initial water content on the effect of F/T preconditioning was analyzed by the change of sludge internal composition. The results show that the higher the initial water content of the sludge, the greater the improvement of its dewatering performance after F/T preconditioning. The specific resistance and water content after filtration of sludge after F/T conditioning decreased greatly with the increase of the initial water content, reaching their respective minimum values of 13.3 × 1012 m/kg and 58.3% at 85% and 87.5%. These values are lower than the optimal values observed for the sludge conditioned by FeCl3. With the rise in initial water content, the driving force at the ice-water interface gains strength. Small particles aggregate into larger flocs, forming stable drainage channels that enhance the dewatering performance of sludge. Once the initial water content surpasses 85%, the squeezing force exerted by ice crystals amplifies the degree of cracking in sludge particles, releasing bound water and further decreasing the water content of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Mengze Gao
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Yunda Zhang
- Shanghai Geological Construction Co., Ltd., 930 Lingshi Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Jiawei Ji
- Shanghai Geological Construction Co., Ltd., 930 Lingshi Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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40
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Zhang Q, Tang T, Cui G, Wang Z, Liu Y. Pressurized electro-osmotic dewatering treatment of sludge: focusing on the influences on nutrients for agricultural application. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37970842 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2283090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge requires effective dewatering and high nutrients retention before disposal for agricultural application. Pressurized electro-osmotic dewatering (PEOD) process with low energy consumption can effectively remove water from sludge, but the influences of PEOD process on nutrients for agricultural application still lacks in-depth research. In this study, the influences of PEOD process on nutrients for agricultural application were investigated, including organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon contents. Layered experiments were conducted to investigate the layered variation of nutrients in sludge and to understand the potential change mechanisms. The experimental results showed that PEOD process caused small losses (<10%) of organic matter and total phosphorus (TP) in sludge, but caused 11.2-18.4% loss of total nitrogen (TN). PEOD process also caused 18.6-27.0% loss of total potassium (TK) and over 80% loss of available potassium in sludge, and could weaken the potential salt damage during the agricultural application of sludge. Furthermore, the available phosphorus content of sludge in the anode area increased significantly after the PEOD process, indicating that PEOD process could enhance the phosphorus bioavailability of sludge in the anode area. Besides, PEOD process caused a slight loss of silicon components in sludge, but improved the long-term silicon dissolution and release ability of sludge. This work could expand the knowledge about the influences of PEOD process on sludge nutrients and provide scientific guidance for the agricultural application of PEOD sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Cui
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangsheng Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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41
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Gao J, Li L, Yuan S, Sun J, Chen S, Dong B. Reconceptualization of the mechanism of thermal hydrolysis pretreatment to enhance the anaerobic conversion of sludge organic nitrogen: Decisive role of organic nitrogen occurrence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165703. [PMID: 37487905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence state of organic nitrogen (ON) is the key to affect anaerobic biotransformation of sludge. ON in sludge was chemically classified as PA (easily accessible part), PB (moderately accessible) and PC (hardly accessible) according to the modified CNCPS method. The components of them were analyzed by PY-GCMS, and it was identified that PA was extracellular amino acids, peptides and proteins; PB was genetic material, cell wall peptidoglycans and intracellular proteins; PC was ON that cross-linked with complex macromolecules. The conversion characteristics of PA, PB and PC in sludge and their relationship with anaerobic digestion (AD) performance were investigated after thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP) at different temperatures (100-180 °C). With the increase of THP temperature, the hydrolysis of PA and the conversion of PB to PA were promoted. At 180-THP, part of PA was converted to PC due to thermochemical reactions. In the fast degradation stage of AD of ON (ON-fast), PA is the main component of degradation; while in the slow degradation stage (ON-slow), the degradation of ON is mainly dominated by PB. Therefore, THP can significantly increase the proportion of ON-fast and reduce the ON fraction in the digestate (ON-hard). Moreover, PA and PB, rather than PC, were identified as dominant in ON-hard with or without THP for the first time, overturning the traditional view (remaining ON after AD was that cross-linked with complex macromolecules). This is due to that PA and PB are the main ON that make up microbial cells. The findings upgraded our perspective on conversion of ON of sludge during AD and inspire the shifted focus from "degrading PC" to "PC accumulation" for later use, through targeted enhanced PA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shijie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, China.
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Wang X, Wang H, Zhang Z, Li J, Zhang H, Wang W, Mao Y, Song Z. Calcination of sewage sludge-based sulphoaluminate cement clinker: Mineral formation mechanism and heavy metal transition behaviors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116986. [PMID: 37633637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing sewage sludge (SS) to calcinate sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) is a promising technology for low-carbon transition of cement industry, but the unclear effects of SS-contained heavy metals limit the application of this technology. In this study, the effects of SS addition on the calcination of SAC clinker and the transformation of heavy metals were studied from the aspects of mineral phase change, microstructure evolution and heavy metal speciation respectively, covering the mineral formation temperature 900-1250 °C. The results show that the added SS will reduce the formation temperature and change the reaction pathways of mineral phases. When the content of SS increases from 10% to 25%, the compositions of mesophases CaO·Al2O3 and 4CaO·2SiO2·CaSO4 increase by 6.33% and 9.73%, respectively. Meanwhile, the formation of minerals will solidify Zn, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, and convert them into a more stable fraction (residual fraction), indicating a lower probability to harm the environment. Moreover, heavy metals present different migration behaviors. After calcination, Mn migrates from SS to 4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3 (52.48%), while Zn prefers to enter 3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4 (43.74%) and 4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3 (38.06%). This study offers new insights into the mineral formation mechanism and heavy metal transition behaviors of sewage sludge-based SAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Ziliang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China.
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Yanpeng Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Zhanlong Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
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Zhou Y, Zhao H, Lu Z, Ren X, Zhang Z, Wang Q. Synergistic effects of biochar derived from different sources on greenhouse gas emissions and microplastics mitigation during sewage sludge composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129556. [PMID: 37517712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar derived from different sources (wheat straw, sawdust and pig manure) on greenhouse gas and microplastics (MPs) mitigation during sewage sludge composting. Compared to the control, all biochar significantly reduced the N2O by 28.91-41.23%, while having no apparent effect on CH4. Sawdust biochar and pig manure biochar significantly reduced the NH3 by 12.53-23.53%. Adding biochar decreased the global warming potential during composting, especially pig manure biochar (177.48 g/kg CO2-eq.). The concentration of MPs significantly increased in the control (43736.86 particles/kg) compared to the initial mixtures, while the addition of biochar promoted the oxidation and degradation of MPs (15896.06-23225.11 particles/kg), with sawdust biochar and manure biochar were more effective. Additionally, biochar significantly reduced the abundance of small-sized (10-100 μm) MPs compared to the control. Moreover, biochar might regulate specific microbes (e.g., Thermobifida, Bacillus and Ureibacillus) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and MPs degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zonghui Lu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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44
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Li M, Gan YJ, Chen ZQ, Zhang WY, Li XY, Liu HL, Wang XZ. Pollution Status and Associated Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge in the Yangtze River Delta, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:63. [PMID: 37904061 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment of heavy metals (HMs) in sewage sludge (SS) is essential before land application. Six HMs in nineteen SS collected in the Yangtze River Delta were analyzed to assess risks to environment, ecosystem, and human health. HMs concentrations were ranked in the order of Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd, with Cu, Zn, and Ni in a total of 16% of samples exceeding the legal standard. Zn showed greatest extractability according to EDTA-extractable concentrations. HMs in 16% of SS samples posed heavy contamination to the environment with Zn as the major pollutant. HMs in 26% of samples posed ecological risk to the ecosystem and Cd was the highest risky HM. The probabilistic health risk assessment revealed that HMs posed carcinogenic risks to all populations, but non-carcinogenic risks only to children. This work will provide fundamental information for land application of SS in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jie Gan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Zi-Qi Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Wan-Ying Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
| | - Xiao-Zhi Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
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Zhang C, Zhao G, Jiao Y, Quan B, Lu W, Su P, Tang Y, Wang J, Wu M, Xiao N, Zhang Y, Tong J. Critical analysis on the transformation and upgrading strategy of Chinese municipal wastewater treatment plants: Towards sustainable water remediation and zero carbon emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165201. [PMID: 37406711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In the light of circular economy aspects, processing of large-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) needs reconsideration to limit the overuse of energy, implement of non-green technologies and emit abundant greenhouse gas. Along with the huge increase in the worldwide population and agro-industrial activities, global environmental organizations have issued several recent roles to boost scientific and industrial communities towards sustainable development. Over recent years, China has imposed national and regional standards to control and manage the discharged liquid and solid waste, as well as to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. The aim of this report is to analyze the current state of Chinese WWTPs routing and related issues such as climate change and air pollution. The used strategies in Chinese WWTPs and upgrading trends were critically discussed. Several points were addressed including the performance, environmental impact, and energy demand of bio-enhanced technologies, including hydrolytic acidification pretreatment, efficient (toxic) strain treatment, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification technology, as well as advanced treatment technologies composed of physical and chemical treatment technologies, biological treatment technology and combined treatment technology. Discussion and critical analysis based on the current data and national policies were provided and employed to develop the future development trend of municipal WWTPs in China from the construction of sustainable and "Zero carbon" WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Guifeng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanan Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bingxu Quan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peidong Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuanhui Tang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Zhongguancun Summit Enviro-Protection Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Zhongguancun Summit Enviro-Protection Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yizhen Zhang
- Zhongguancun Summit Enviro-Protection Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinghua Tong
- Zhongguancun Summit Enviro-Protection Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
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46
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Huang Y, Zhen Y, Liu L, Ning X, Wang C, Li K, Zhao L, Lu Q. Comprehensive competitiveness assessment of four typical municipal sludge treatment routes in China based on environmental and techno-economic analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165123. [PMID: 37364841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
To find a sustainable and effective municipal sludge treatment route requires a systematic assessment of the comprehensive competitiveness of diverse sludge treatment routes. Four typical treatment routes in China including co-incineration in coal power plants (CIN), mono-incineration (IN), anaerobic digestion (AD) and pyrolysis (PY) were selected in this study. A novel assessment model integrating life cycle assessment (LCA), techno-economic analysis (TEA) with analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-Entropy method was established, and comprehensive competitiveness indicated by comprehensive index (CI) of the four routes was deeply evaluated. Results displayed CIN route (CI = 0.758) showed the best comprehensive performance for its best environmental and economic performance. This was followed by PY route (CI = 0.691) and AD route (CI = 0.570), indicating the enormous potential of sludge PY technology. IN route showed the worst comprehensive performance (CI = 0.186) owing to its high environmental impact and lowest economic benefit. It was noted that greenhouse gas emissions and severe toxic potential were the main environmental challenges faced by sludge treatment. Besides, result of sensitivity analysis revealed that the comprehensive competitiveness of diverse sludge treatment routes was improved with the increase of sludge organic content and sludge reception fee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuhang Zhen
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lanling Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ning
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chenzhou Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kai Li
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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Hajji S, Ben-Haddad M, Rida Abelouah M, De-la-Torre GE, Ait Alla A. Sludge drying and dewatering processes influence the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139743. [PMID: 37567259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as high-load receptors of microplastics (MPs) from different sources. However, the influence of specific treatment stanges requires further research. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the abundance and chemical characteristics of MPs in the sludge of two major wastewater treatment plants in the Agadir metropolis (Central Atlantic of Morocco). The Aourir plant receives urban influents and the inputs of the M'zar facility were urban and industrial. Samples were collected from the sludge matrices after primary settling, clarifying, dewatering, and drying systems. In addition, the effect of seasonality on MP load was assessed. The results showed that a higher abundance was noticed in raw sludge than in dewatered one in Aourir WWTP, while in M'zar WWTP, a very low decrease is noticed in dried sludge compared to raw sludge. The concentration of MPs in the summer season was significantly higher compared to other seasons for Aourir WWTP, while the winter season was higher for M'zar WWTP. Moreover, the most abundant shapes were fibers and the fraction 100-500 μm was the most preponderant. Eleven polymers were identified by ATR-FTIR, being polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene the most abundant ones. Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray revealed the visible degradation and fragmentation of MPs from sewage sludge and their ability to adsorb inorganic elements. It was estimated that between 2.2 × 107 and 7.4 × 108 MPs were evacuated with the sludge per day. The obtained findings confirmed that WWTP sludge acts as a vector of MPs with a high level of hazard to various matrices, such as landfills, agricultural soils, and groundwater. Overall, consideration must be given to the regulatory system managing the fate of sewage sludge to mitigate the collateral effects and provide solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hajji
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems: Marine and Continental Environments (AQUAMAR), Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Ben-Haddad
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems: Marine and Continental Environments (AQUAMAR), Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Rida Abelouah
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems: Marine and Continental Environments (AQUAMAR), Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco.
| | | | - Aicha Ait Alla
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems: Marine and Continental Environments (AQUAMAR), Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco.
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Cho EJ, Kang JK, Lee CG, Bae S, Park SJ. Use of thermally activated Fenton sludge for Cd removal in zinc smelter wastewater: Mechanism and feasibility of Cd removal. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122166. [PMID: 37429491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Fenton sludge is a byproduct of the Fenton process that contains large amounts of Fe and Ca. Because of the secondary contamination generated during the disposal of this byproduct, ecofriendly treatment methods are needed. In this study, we used Fenton sludge to remove the Cd discharged from a zinc smelter factory, using thermal activation to enhance the Cd adsorption capacity. Among the various temperatures considered (300-900 °C), the Fenton sludge that was thermally activated at 900 °C (TA-FS-900) adsorbed the highest amount of Cd because of its high specific surface area and high Fe content. Cd was adsorbed onto TA-FS-900 via complexation with C-OH, C-COOH, FeO-, and FeOH and cation exchange with Ca2+. The maximum adsorption of TA-FS-900 was 260.2 mg/g, indicating that TA-FS-900 is an efficient adsorbent, comparable to those reported in the literature. The initial Cd concentration in the zinc smelter wastewater discharged was 105.7 mg/L, 98.4% of which was removed by applying TA-FS-900, suggesting the applicability of TA-FS-900 for real wastewater containing high concentrations of various cations and anions. The leaching of heavy metals from TA-FS-900 was within the EPA standard limits. We concluded that the environmental impact of Fenton sludge disposal can be reduced, and the use of Fenton sludge can add value to the treatment of industrial wastewater in terms of the circular economy and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Cho
- Department of Bioresources and Rural Systems Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Kang
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jik Park
- Department of Bioresources and Rural Systems Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea.
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Li X, Tian T, Cui T, Liu B, Jin R, Zhou J. Alkaline-thermal hydrolysate of waste activated sludge as a co-metabolic substrate enhances biodegradation of refractory dye reactive black 5. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 170:40-49. [PMID: 37544233 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic azo dyes possess inherent resistance and are known to be carcinogenic, posing a significant threat to human and ecosystems. Enhancing the biodegradation of azo dyes usually requires the presence of co-metabolic substrates to optimize the process. In addressing the issue of excessive waste activated sludge (WAS) generation, this study explored the potential of utilizing alkaline-thermal hydrolysate of WAS as a co-metabolic substrate to boost the degradation of reactive black 5 (RB5) dyes. The acclimated microbial consortium, when supplemented with the WAS hydrolysate obtained at a hydrolysis temperature of 30 °C, achieved an impressive RB5 decolorization efficiency of 90.3% (pH = 7, 35 °C) with a corresponding COD removal efficiency of 45.0%. The addition of WAS hydrolysate as a co-substrate conferred the consortium with a remarkable tolerance to high dye concentration (1500 mg/L RB5) and salinity levels (4-5%), surpassing the performance of conventional co-metabolic sugars in RB5 degradation. 3D-EEM analysis revealed that protein-like substances rich in tyrosine and tryptophan, present in the WAS hydrolysate, played a crucial role in promoting RB5 biodegradation. Furthermore, the microbial consortium community exhibited an enrichment of dye-degrading species, including Acidovorax, Bordetella, Kerstersia, and Brevundimonas, which dominated the community. Notably, functional genes associated with dye degradation and intermediates were also enriched during the RB5 decolorization and biodegradation process. These findings present a practical strategy for the simultaneous treatment of dye-containing wastewater and recycling of WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Tiantian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Baocun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ruofei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Chang Z, Su B, Zhang C, Zhang C, Song X. Effects of complex sulphur substrates on sludge bioleaching to improve heavy metal removal and microbial community diversity. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139532. [PMID: 37467854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, H2S was used as a partial replacement nutrient substrate for sludge bioleaching. The effects of different combinations of H2S/sludge load and monomeric sulphur on heavy metal removal and microbial communities were investigated. Changes in pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), SO42- concentration, heavy metal removal, and the content of heavy metal states during bioleaching were investigated, and community diversity analysis was performed. Daily introduction of H2S three times (at an interval of 8 h) at a gas flow rate of 2 ml/min and an H2S/sludge load of 15 ml/L with 5 g/L FeSO4·7H2O and 2 g/L monomeric sulphur as a nutrient substrate significantly accelerated both the bioleaching process and the pH drop in the sludge system, promoted the production of SO42-, and maintained a higher redox potential. The combination of H2S and monomeric sulphur had a significant effect on the leaching of heavy metals. Compared with the experimental group containing only H2S or monomeric sulphur, the removal rates of Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cr increased by 4.63%/13.8%, 8.5%/20.07%, 3.84%/9.5%, and 4.24%/8.02% respectively, while promoting the transformation of various heavy metal states to labile states, improving heavy metal stability, and reducing sludge ecotoxicity. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that introducing the H2S gaseous matrix accelerated the decreasing trend of species number, bacterial abundance, and community diversity in the sludge system, promoting Proteobacteria as the dominant phylum, Acidithiobacillus, Metallibacterium, and Thiomonas as the dominant genera, and improving the bioleaching treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhankun Chang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Municipal Engineering Postgraduate Education Innovation Centre, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Bingqin Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Municipal Engineering Postgraduate Education Innovation Centre, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Congzheng Zhang
- Shanxi Installation Group Co., Ltd, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Xintong Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Municipal Engineering Postgraduate Education Innovation Centre, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
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