1
|
Zhang H, Ouyang W, Lin C, Wang L, Guo Z, Pei J, Zhang S, He M, Liu X. Anthropogenic activities drive the distribution and ecological risk of antibiotics in a highly urbanized river basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173596. [PMID: 38810736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Although antibiotics are widely detected in river water, their quantitative relationships with influencing factors in rivers remain largely unexplored. Here, 15 widely used antibiotics were comprehensively analyzed in the Dongjiang River of the Pearl River system. The total antibiotic concentration in river water ranged from 13.84 to 475.04 ng/L, with fluoroquinolones increasing from 11 % in the upstream to 38 % in the downstream. The total antibiotic concentration was high downstream and significantly correlated with the spatial distribution of population density, animal production, and land-use type. The total risk quotient of antibiotics for algae was higher than that for crustaceans and fish. Based on the optimized risk quotient method, amoxicillin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin were identified as priority antibiotics. The key predictors of antibiotic levels were screened through Mantel test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression models. Water physicochemical parameters significantly impacted antibiotics and could be used as easy-to-measure surrogates associated with elevated antibiotics. Cropland negatively affected fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides, whereas urban land exerted positive impacts on fluoroquinolones, β-lactam, and sulfonamides. In the main stream, population, animal production, urbanization status, and economic development had key effects on the distribution of florfenicol, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and sulfadiazine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wastewater Information Analysis and Early Warning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wastewater Information Analysis and Early Warning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wastewater Information Analysis and Early Warning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zewei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jietong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shangwei Zhang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wastewater Information Analysis and Early Warning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Spycher S, Kalf D, Lahr J, Gönczi M, Lindström B, Pace E, Botta F, Bougon N, Staub PF, Hitzfeld KL, Weisner O, Junghans M, Kroll A. Linking chemical surface water monitoring and pesticide regulation in selected European countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:43432-43450. [PMID: 38862805 PMCID: PMC11222191 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The progress in chemical analytics and understanding of pesticide dynamics in surface waters allows establishing robust data on compounds with frequent exceedances of quality standards. The current chemical, temporal, and spatial coverage of the pesticide monitoring campaigns differs strongly between European countries. A questionnaire revealed differences in monitoring strategies in seven selected European countries; Nordic countries prioritize temporal coverage, while others focus on spatial coverage. Chemical coverage has increased, especially for non-polar classes like synthetic pyrethroids. Sweden combines monitoring data with agricultural practices for derived quantities, while the Netherlands emphasizes spatial coverage to trace contamination sources. None of the EU member states currently has established a process for linking chemical surface water monitoring data with regulatory risk assessment, while Switzerland has recently established a legally defined feedback loop. Due to their design and objectives, most strategies do not capture concentration peaks, especially 2-week composite samples, but also grab samples. Nevertheless, for substances that appear problematic in many data sets, the need for action is evident even without harmonization of monitoring programs. Harmonization would be beneficial, however, for cross-national assessment including risk reduction measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis Kalf
- Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, PO Box 17, 8200 AA, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Lahr
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mikaela Gönczi
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, SLU Centre for Pesticides in the Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bodil Lindström
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, SLU Centre for Pesticides in the Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emanuela Pace
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Botta
- Unit of Pesticidovigilance, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nolwenn Bougon
- French Biodiversity Agency-OFB, 94300, Vincennes, France
| | | | | | - Oliver Weisner
- German Environment Agency (UBA), 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Marion Junghans
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Kroll
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tkalec Ž, Antignac JP, Bandow N, Béen FM, Belova L, Bessems J, Le Bizec B, Brack W, Cano-Sancho G, Chaker J, Covaci A, Creusot N, David A, Debrauwer L, Dervilly G, Duca RC, Fessard V, Grimalt JO, Guerin T, Habchi B, Hecht H, Hollender J, Jamin EL, Klánová J, Kosjek T, Krauss M, Lamoree M, Lavison-Bompard G, Meijer J, Moeller R, Mol H, Mompelat S, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Oberacher H, Parinet J, Van Poucke C, Roškar R, Togola A, Trontelj J, Price EJ. Innovative analytical methodologies for characterizing chemical exposure with a view to next-generation risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108585. [PMID: 38521044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The chemical burden on the environment and human population is increasing. Consequently, regulatory risk assessment must keep pace to manage, reduce, and prevent adverse impacts on human and environmental health associated with hazardous chemicals. Surveillance of chemicals of known, emerging, or potential future concern, entering the environment-food-human continuum is needed to document the reality of risks posed by chemicals on ecosystem and human health from a one health perspective, feed into early warning systems and support public policies for exposure mitigation provisions and safe and sustainable by design strategies. The use of less-conventional sampling strategies and integration of full-scan, high-resolution mass spectrometry and effect-directed analysis in environmental and human monitoring programmes have the potential to enhance the screening and identification of a wider range of chemicals of known, emerging or potential future concern. Here, we outline the key needs and recommendations identified within the European Partnership for Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) project for leveraging these innovative methodologies to support the development of next-generation chemical risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Tkalec
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Nicole Bandow
- German Environment Agency, Laboratory for Water Analysis, Colditzstraße 34, 12099 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frederic M Béen
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Chemistry for Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - Lidia Belova
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Jos Bessems
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.
| | | | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | - Jade Chaker
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Creusot
- INRAE, French National Research Institute For Agriculture, Food & Environment, UR1454 EABX, Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHub, Gazinet Cestas, France.
| | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Unit Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), 1 Rue Louis Rech, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory of Fougères, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 35306 Fougères, France.
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Thierry Guerin
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Strategy and Programs Department, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Baninia Habchi
- INRS, Département Toxicologie et Biométrologie Laboratoire Biométrologie 1, rue du Morvan - CS 60027 - 54519, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
| | - Helge Hecht
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology - Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Emilien L Jamin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Toulouse, France.
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Martin Krauss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Chemistry for Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gwenaelle Lavison-Bompard
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Pesticides and Marine Biotoxins Unit, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Jeroen Meijer
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Chemistry for Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruth Moeller
- Unit Medical Expertise and Data Intelligence, Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), 1 Rue Louis Rech, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg.
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research - Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sophie Mompelat
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory of Fougères, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 35306 Fougères, France.
| | - An Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), 1 Rue Louis Rech, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg.
| | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Insbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Julien Parinet
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Pesticides and Marine Biotoxins Unit, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Christof Van Poucke
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries And Food (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
| | - Robert Roškar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Slovenia.
| | - Anne Togola
- BRGM, 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans, France.
| | | | - Elliott J Price
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brunelle LD, Batt AL, Chao A, Glassmeyer ST, Quinete N, Alvarez DA, Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Mills MA, Aga DS. De facto Water Reuse: Investigating the Fate and Transport of Chemicals of Emerging Concern from Wastewater Discharge through Drinking Water Treatment Using Non-targeted Analysis and Suspect Screening. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2468-2478. [PMID: 38252456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater is a source for many contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), and surface waters receiving wastewater discharge often serve as source water for downstream drinking water treatment plants. Nontargeted analysis and suspect screening methods were used to characterize chemicals in residence-time-weighted grab samples and companion polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) collected on three separate hydrologic sampling events along a surface water flow path representative of de facto water reuse. The goal of this work was to examine the fate of CECs along the study flow path as water is transported from wastewater effluent through drinking water treatment. Grab and POCIS samples provided a comparison between residence-time-weighted single-point and integrative sample results. This unique and rigorous study design, coupled with advanced analytical chemistry tools, provided important insights into chemicals found in drinking water and their potential sources, which can be used to help prioritize chemicals for further study. K-means clustering analysis was used to identify patterns in chemical occurrences across both sampling sites and sampling events. Chemical features that occurred frequently or survived drinking water treatment were prioritized for identification, resulting in the probable identification of over 100 CECs in the watershed and 28 CECs in treated drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Brunelle
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Angela L Batt
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Alex Chao
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Susan T Glassmeyer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida 33181, United States
| | - David A Alvarez
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Edward T Furlong
- U.S. Geological Survey, Strategic Laboratory Services Branch, Laboratory Analytical Services Division, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Marc A Mills
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- University at Buffalo Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water (RENEW) Institute, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pu S, McCord JP, Bangma J, Sobus JR. Establishing performance metrics for quantitative non-targeted analysis: a demonstration using per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1249-1267. [PMID: 38289355 PMCID: PMC10850229 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) is an increasingly popular technique for characterizing undefined chemical analytes. Generating quantitative NTA (qNTA) concentration estimates requires the use of training data from calibration "surrogates," which can yield diminished predictive performance relative to targeted analysis. To evaluate performance differences between targeted and qNTA approaches, we defined new metrics that convey predictive accuracy, uncertainty (using 95% inverse confidence intervals), and reliability (the extent to which confidence intervals contain true values). We calculated and examined these newly defined metrics across five quantitative approaches applied to a mixture of 29 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The quantitative approaches spanned a traditional targeted design using chemical-specific calibration curves to a generalizable qNTA design using bootstrap-sampled calibration values from "global" chemical surrogates. As expected, the targeted approaches performed best, with major benefits realized from matched calibration curves and internal standard correction. In comparison to the benchmark targeted approach, the most generalizable qNTA approach (using "global" surrogates) showed a decrease in accuracy by a factor of ~4, an increase in uncertainty by a factor of ~1000, and a decrease in reliability by ~5%, on average. Using "expert-selected" surrogates (n = 3) instead of "global" surrogates (n = 25) for qNTA yielded improvements in predictive accuracy (by ~1.5×) and uncertainty (by ~70×) but at the cost of further-reduced reliability (by ~5%). Overall, our results illustrate the utility of qNTA approaches for a subclass of emerging contaminants and present a framework on which to develop new approaches for more complex use cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Pu
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - James P McCord
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Bangma
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Jon R Sobus
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Motteau S, Deborde M, Gombert B, Karpel Vel Leitner N. Non-target analysis for water characterization: wastewater treatment impact and selection of relevant features. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4154-4173. [PMID: 38097837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30972-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Non-target analyses were conducted to characterize and compare the molecular profiles (UHPLC-HRMS fingerprint) of water samples from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Inlet and outlet samples were collected from three campaigns spaced 6 months apart in order to highlight common trends. A significant impact of the treatment on the sample fingerprints was shown, with a 65-70% abatement of the number of features detected in the effluent, and more polar, smaller and less intense molecules found overall compared to those in WWTP influent waters. Multivariate analysis (PCA) associated with variations of the features between inlets and outlets showed that features appearing or increasing were correlated with effluents while those disappearing or decreasing were correlated with influents. Finally, effluent features considered as relevant to a potentially adverse effect on aqueous media (i.e. those which appeared or increased or slightly varied from the influent) were highlighted. Three hundred seventy-five features common with the 3 campaigns were thus selected and further characterized. For most of them, elementary composition was found to be C, H, N, O (42%) and C, H, N, O, P (18%). Considering the MS2 spectra and several reference MS2 databases, annotations were proposed for 35 of these relevant features. They include synthetic products, pharmaceuticals and metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solène Motteau
- University of Poitiers, Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285), Equipe Eaux Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), 1 Rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA 41105 86073, Cedex, Poitiers, France
| | - Marie Deborde
- University of Poitiers, Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285), Equipe Eaux Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), 1 Rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA 41105 86073, Cedex, Poitiers, France.
- University of Poitiers, UFR Médecine Et de Pharmacie, 6 Rue de La Milétrie, Bâtiment D1, TSA 51115, 86073, Cedex 9, Poitiers, France.
| | - Bertrand Gombert
- University of Poitiers, Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285), Equipe Eaux Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), 1 Rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA 41105 86073, Cedex, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Karpel Vel Leitner
- University of Poitiers, Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285), Equipe Eaux Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), 1 Rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA 41105 86073, Cedex, Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Creusot N, Huba K, Borel C, Ferrari BJD, Chèvre N, Hollender J. Identification of polar organic chemicals in the aquatic foodweb: Combining high-resolution mass spectrometry and trend analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108403. [PMID: 38224651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessment of chemical contaminants requires prioritizing of substances taken up by biota as it is a starting point for potential adverse effects. Although knowledge about the occurrence of known chemical pollutants in aquatic organisms has significantly improved during the last decade, there is still a poor understanding for a broad range of more polar compounds. To tackle this issue, we proposed an approach that identifies bioaccumulative and biomagnifiable polar chemicals using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) and combine it with trend analysis using hierarchical clustering. As a proof-of-concept, this approach was implemented on various organisms and compartments (sediment, litter leaves, periphytic biofilm, invertebrates and fish) collected from a small urban river. HRMS/MS data measured via data-independent acquisition mode were retrospectively analysed using two analytical strategies: (1) retrospective target and (2) suspect/non-target screening. In the retrospective target analysis, 56 of 361 substances spanning a broad range of contaminant classes were detected (i.e. 26 in fish, 18 in macroinvertebrates, 28 in leaves, 29 in periphyton and 32 in sediments, with only 7 common to all compartments), among which 49 could be quantified using reference standards. The suspect screening approach based on two suspect lists (in-house, Norman SusDat) led to the confirmation of 5 compounds with standards (three xenobiotics at level 1 and two lipids at level 2) and tentative identification of seven industrial or natural chemicals at level 2 and 3 through a mass spectra library match. Overall, this proof-of-concept study provided a more comprehensive picture of the exposure of biota to emerging contaminants (i.e., the internal chemical exposome) and potential bioaccumulation or biomagnification of polar compounds along the trophic chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Creusot
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; INRAE, EABX, Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHub, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Gazinet-Cestas, France.
| | - Kristina Huba
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Benoit J D Ferrari
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology (Ecotox Centre), Lausanne/Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Juliane Hollender
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Glassmeyer ST, Burns EE, Focazio MJ, Furlong ET, Gribble MO, Jahne MA, Keely SP, Kennicutt AR, Kolpin DW, Medlock Kakaley EK, Pfaller SL. Water, Water Everywhere, but Every Drop Unique: Challenges in the Science to Understand the Role of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Management of Drinking Water Supplies. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2022GH000716. [PMID: 38155731 PMCID: PMC10753268 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The protection and management of water resources continues to be challenged by multiple and ongoing factors such as shifts in demographic, social, economic, and public health requirements. Physical limitations placed on access to potable supplies include natural and human-caused factors such as aquifer depletion, aging infrastructure, saltwater intrusion, floods, and drought. These factors, although varying in magnitude, spatial extent, and timing, can exacerbate the potential for contaminants of concern (CECs) to be present in sources of drinking water, infrastructure, premise plumbing and associated tap water. This monograph examines how current and emerging scientific efforts and technologies increase our understanding of the range of CECs and drinking water issues facing current and future populations. It is not intended to be read in one sitting, but is instead a starting point for scientists wanting to learn more about the issues surrounding CECs. This text discusses the topical evolution CECs over time (Section 1), improvements in measuring chemical and microbial CECs, through both analysis of concentration and toxicity (Section 2) and modeling CEC exposure and fate (Section 3), forms of treatment effective at removing chemical and microbial CECs (Section 4), and potential for human health impacts from exposure to CECs (Section 5). The paper concludes with how changes to water quantity, both scarcity and surpluses, could affect water quality (Section 6). Taken together, these sections document the past 25 years of CEC research and the regulatory response to these contaminants, the current work to identify and monitor CECs and mitigate exposure, and the challenges facing the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan T. Glassmeyer
- U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyOffice of Research and DevelopmentCincinnatiOHUSA
| | | | - Michael J. Focazio
- Retired, Environmental Health ProgramEcosystems Mission AreaU.S. Geological SurveyRestonVAUSA
| | - Edward T. Furlong
- Emeritus, Strategic Laboratory Sciences BranchLaboratory & Analytical Services DivisionU.S. Geological SurveyDenverCOUSA
| | - Matthew O. Gribble
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental HealthRollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Michael A. Jahne
- U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyOffice of Research and DevelopmentCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Scott P. Keely
- U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyOffice of Research and DevelopmentCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Alison R. Kennicutt
- Department of Civil and Mechanical EngineeringYork College of PennsylvaniaYorkPAUSA
| | - Dana W. Kolpin
- U.S. Geological SurveyCentral Midwest Water Science CenterIowa CityIAUSA
| | | | - Stacy L. Pfaller
- U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyOffice of Research and DevelopmentCincinnatiOHUSA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Houthuijs KJ, Horn M, Vughs D, Martens J, Brunner AM, Oomens J, Berden G. Identification of organic micro-pollutants in surface water using MS-based infrared ion spectroscopy. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140046. [PMID: 37660788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive monitoring of organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) in drinking water sources relies on non-target screening (NTS) using liquid-chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Identification of OMPs is typically based on accurate mass and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data by matching against entries in compound databases and MS/MS spectral libraries. MS/MS spectra are, however, not always diagnostic for the full molecular structure and, moreover, emerging OMPs or OMP transformation products may not be present in libraries. Here we demonstrate how infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS), an emerging MS-based method for structural elucidation, can aid in the identification of OMPs. IRIS measures the IR spectrum of an m/z-isolated ion in a mass spectrometer, providing an orthogonal diagnostic for molecular identification. Here, we demonstrate the workflow for identification of OMPs in river water and show how quantum-chemically predicted IR spectra can be used to screen potential candidates and suggest structural assignments. A crucial step herein is to define a set of candidate structures, presumably including the actual OMP, for which we present several strategies based on domain knowledge, the IR spectrum and MS/MS spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kas J Houthuijs
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Horn
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Vughs
- KWR Water Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea M Brunner
- KWR Water Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; TNO, Environmental Modelling, Sensing and Analysis (EMSA), Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Honti M, Zsugyel M, Seller C, Fenner K. Benchmarking the Persistence of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in River Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14684-14693. [PMID: 37729605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the persistence of organic micropollutants from field data has been notoriously laborious, requiring extensive data including emissions and chemical properties, and the application of detailed mass-balance models, which often contain parameters that are impossible to measure. To overcome some of these obstacles, we developed the concept of persistence benchmarking for large rivers that receive numerous emissions and provide enough residence time to observe the dissipation of compounds. We estimated the dissipation rate constants of 41 compounds (mostly active pharmaceutical ingredients) from five measurement campaigns in the Rhine and Danube rivers using concentration rate profiles with respect to carbamazepine. Dissipation rates clearly distinguished between known fast- and slow-degrading compounds, and campaign-specific boundary conditions had an influence on a minor subset of compounds only. Benchmarking provided reasonable estimates on summer total system half-lives in the Rhine compared to previous laboratory experiments and a mass-balance modeling study. Consequently, benchmarking can be a straightforward persistence assessment method of continuously emitted organic micropollutants in large river systems, especially when it is supported by field monitoring campaigns of proper analytical quality and spatial resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Honti
- ELKH-BME Water Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Zsugyel
- ELKH-BME Water Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carolin Seller
- Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu J, Li S, Zhang W, Helbling DE, Xu N, Sun W, Ni J. Animal production predominantly contributes to antibiotic profiles in the Yangtze River. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120214. [PMID: 37329718 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced antibiotic pollution in the world's large rivers poses significant risk to riverine ecosystems, water quality, and human health. This study identified geophysical and socioeconomic factors driving antibiotic pollution in the Yangtze River by quantifying 83 target antibiotics in water and sediment samples collected in its 6300-km-long reach, followed by source apportionment and statistical modeling. Total antibiotic concentrations ranged between 2.05-111 ng/L in water samples and 0.57-57.9 ng/g in sediment samples, contributed predominantly by veterinary antibiotics, sulfonamides and tetracyclines, respectively. Antibiotic compositions were clustered according to three landform regions (plateau, mountain-basin-foothill, and plains), resulting from varying animal production practices (cattle, sheep, pig, poultry, and aquaculture) in the sub-basins. Population density, animal production, total nitrogen concentration, and river water temperature are directly associated with antibiotic concentrations in the water samples. This study revealed that the species and production of food animals are key determinants of the geographic distribution pattern of antibiotics in the Yangtze River. Therefore, effective strategies to mitigate antibiotic pollution in the Yangtze River should include proper management of antibiotic use and waste treatment in animal production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingrun Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Si Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences; Environmental Science, and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Damian E Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Nan Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jinren Ni
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mehinto AC, Du B, Wenger E, Tian Z, Kolodziej EP, Apeti D, Maruya KA. Bioanalytical and non-targeted mass spectrometric screening for contaminants of emerging concern in Southern California bight sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138789. [PMID: 37116726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the impact of chemical contaminants on aquatic ecosystem health remains challenging due to complex exposure scenarios and the myriad of impact metrics to consider. To expand the breadth of compounds monitored and evaluate the potential hazard of environmental mixtures, cell-based bioassays (estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)) and non-targeted chemical analyses with high resolution mass spectrometry (NTA-HRMS) were used to assess the quality of ∼70 marine sediment samples collected from 5 distinct coastal and offshore habitats of the Southern California Bight. AhR responses (<0.12-4.5 ng TCDD/g dry weight) were more frequently detectable and more variable than for ERα (<0.1-0.5 ng E2/g dry weight). The range of AhR and ERα responses increased by habitat as follows: Channel Islands < Mid-shelf < Marinas < Ports < Estuaries. The narrow range and magnitude of ERα screening response suggested limited potential for estrogenic impacts across sediments from all 5 habitats. The AhR response was positively correlated with total PAH and PCB concentrations and corresponded with a chemical score index representing the severity of metal and organic contamination. NTA-HRMS fingerprints generated in positive electrospray ionization mode were clearly distinguishable among coastal vs. offshore samples, with the greatest chemical complexity (n = 982 features detected) observed in estuarine sediment from a highly urbanized watershed (Los Angeles River). The concordance and complementary nature of bioscreening and NTA-HRMS results indicates their utility as holistic proxies for sediment quality, and when analyzed in conjunction with routine targeted chemical monitoring, show promise in identifying unexpected contaminants and novel toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvine C Mehinto
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA.
| | - Bowen Du
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Ellie Wenger
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | | | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA, USA; Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA, USA; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dennis Apeti
- NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Keith A Maruya
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Malnes D, Waara S, Figuière R, Ahrens L, Wiberg K, Köhler SJ, Golovko O. Hazard screening of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Sweden's three largest lakes and their associated rivers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131376. [PMID: 37094447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) substances have recently garnered increased attention by environmental researchers, the water sector and environmental protection agencies. In this study, acute and chronic species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) were retrieved from literature data for previously quantified contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Swedish surface waters (n = 92) and risk quotients (RQ) were calculated. To better understand the characteristics of the detected CECs in non-urban lake sites (n = 71), these compounds were checked against established criteria for potentially toxic PMs (PM(T)s) and occurrence in the aquatic environment, respectively. For the CECs with missing SSDs (n = 15 [acute], n = 41 [chronic]), ecotoxicity data were extracted for eight taxonomic groups, and if data were sufficient (n ≥ 3), SSDs were derived. The retrieved and newly developed SSDs were then used in an environmental hazard assessment (EHA) in the investigated Swedish rivers and lakes. In the rivers, 8 CECs had RQ> 1 in at least one location, and 20 CECs posed a moderate risk (0.01 < RQ < 1). In total, 21 of the 71 detected substances had already been identified as PM(T)/vPvM substances. Our study shows the importance of studying field data at large spatial scale to reveal potential environmental hazards far from source areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malnes
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sylvia Waara
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental and Biosciences, Halmstad University, SE-301 18, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Romain Figuière
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University (ACES), SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephan J Köhler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gvozdić E, Bujagić IM, Đurkić T, Grujić S. Untreated wastewater impact and environmental risk assessment of artificial sweeteners in river water and sediments of the Danube River Basin in Serbia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84583-84594. [PMID: 37368207 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners are receiving increasing attention as newly recognized emerging contaminants that mainly reach the aquatic environment through the discharge of municipal wastewater containing large amount of these compounds. In this study, the impact of raw untreated wastewater discharges on the levels and the water/sediment distribution of artificial sweeteners in the Danube River and its largest tributaries in Serbia was evaluated, and a comprehensive assessment of environmental risks for freshwater and benthic organisms was performed. Acesulfame and sucralose were detected in all river water samples (100%), while saccharin (59%) and cyclamate (12%) were less frequently found, indicating long-term continuous sewage-derived pollution. Aspartame (100%) and neotame (60%) were the only artificial sweeteners recorded in the sediment samples due to their preference to sorb to particulate matter in the water/sediment system. In terms of ecotoxicological risk, a low risk for aquatic organisms was determined at the detected levels of saccharin in river water, while a high to medium risk was found for benthic biota at the concentrations of neotame and aspartame detected in sediments. The largest contribution to the pollution of the Danube River Basin with artificial sweeteners, and consequently the highest environmental risk, was determined in the two largest cities, the capital Belgrade and Novi Sad, which raises the issue of transboundary pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gvozdić
- Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Matić Bujagić
- Academy of Applied Technical Studies Belgrade, Belgrade Polytechnic College, Katarine Ambrozić 3, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Đurkić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Grujić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Löffler P, Escher BI, Baduel C, Virta MP, Lai FY. Antimicrobial Transformation Products in the Aquatic Environment: Global Occurrence, Ecotoxicological Risks, and Potential of Antibiotic Resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37335844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is concerning for the health of humans, animals, and the environment in a One Health perspective. Assessments of AMR and associated environmental hazards mostly focus on antimicrobial parent compounds, while largely overlooking their transformation products (TPs). This review lists antimicrobial TPs identified in surface water environments and examines their potential for AMR promotion, ecological risk, as well as human health and environmental hazards using in silico models. Our review also summarizes the key transformation compartments of TPs, related pathways for TPs reaching surface waters and methodologies for studying the fate of TPs. The 56 antimicrobial TPs covered by the review were prioritized via scoring and ranking of various risk and hazard parameters. Most data on occurrences to date have been reported in Europe, while little is known about antibiotic TPs in Africa, Central and South America, Asia, and Oceania. Occurrence data on antiviral TPs and other antibacterial TPs are even scarcer. We propose evaluation of structural similarity between parent compounds and TPs for TP risk assessment. We predicted a risk of AMR for 13 TPs, especially TPs of tetracyclines and macrolides. We estimated the ecotoxicological effect concentrations of TPs from the experimental effect data of the parent chemical for bacteria, algae and water fleas, scaled by potency differences predicted by quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for baseline toxicity and a scaling factor for structural similarity. Inclusion of TPs in mixtures with their parent increased the ecological risk quotient over the threshold of one for 7 of the 24 antimicrobials included in this analysis, while only one parent had a risk quotient above one. Thirteen TPs, from which 6 were macrolide TPs, posed a risk to at least one of the three tested species. There were 12/21 TPs identified that are likely to exhibit a similar or higher level of mutagenicity/carcinogenicity, respectively, than their parent compound, with tetracycline TPs often showing increased mutagenicity. Most TPs with increased carcinogenicity belonged to sulfonamides. Most of the TPs were predicted to be mobile but not bioaccumulative, and 14 were predicted to be persistent. The six highest-priority TPs originated from the tetracycline antibiotic family and antivirals. This review, and in particular our ranking of antimicrobial TPs of concern, can support authorities in planning related intervention strategies and source mitigation of antimicrobials toward a sustainable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Löffler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Baduel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38 050 Grenoble, France
| | - Marko P Virta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Multidisciplinary Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance Research, Helsinki 00100, Finland
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Seller C, Varga L, Börgardts E, Vogler B, Janssen E, Singer H, Fenner K, Honti M. Do biotransformation data from laboratory experiments reflect micropollutant degradation in a large river basin? WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119908. [PMID: 37003113 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Identifying a chemical's potential for biotransformation in the aquatic environment is crucial to predict its fate and manage its potential hazards. Due to the complexity of natural water bodies, especially river networks, biotransformation is often studied in laboratory experiments, assuming that study outcomes can be extrapolated to compound behavior in the field. Here, we investigated to what extent outcomes of laboratory simulation studies indeed reflect biotransformation kinetics observed in riverine systems. To determine in-field biotransformation, we measured loads of 27 wastewater treatment plant effluent-borne compounds along the Rhine and its major tributaries during two seasons. Up to 21 compounds were detected at each sampling location. Measured compound loads were used in an inverse model framework of the Rhine river basin to derive k'bio,field values - a compound-specific parameter describing the compounds' average biotransformation potential during the field studies. To support model calibration, we performed phototransformation and sorption experiments with all the study compounds, identifying 5 compounds that are susceptible towards direct phototransformation and determining Koc values covering four orders of magnitude. On the laboratory side, we used a similar inverse model framework to derive k'bio,lab values from water-sediment experiments run according to a modified OECD 308-type protocol. The comparison of k'bio,lab and k'bio,field revealed that their absolute values differed, pointing towards faster transformation in the Rhine river basin. Yet, we could demonstrate that relative rankings of biotransformation potential and groups of compounds with low, moderate and high persistence agree reasonably well between laboratory and field outcomes. Overall, our results provide evidence that laboratory-based biotransformation studies using the modified OECD 308 protocol and k'bio values derived thereof bear considerable potential to reflect biotransformation of micropollutants in one of the largest European river basins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Seller
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Varga
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elizabeth Börgardts
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Bernadette Vogler
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Janssen
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Singer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Mark Honti
- ELKH-BME Water Research Group, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang J, Zhao F, Zheng J, Wang Y, Fei X, Xiao Y, Fang M. An automated toxicity based prioritization framework for fast chemical characterization in non-targeted analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130893. [PMID: 36746086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Identification of environmental pollutants with harmful effects is commonly conducted by non-targeted analysis (NTA) using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Prioritization of possible candidates is important yet challenging because of the large number of candidates from MS acquisitions. We aimed to prioritize candidates to the exposure potential of organic chemicals by their toxicity and identification evidence in the matrix. We have developed an R package application, "NTAprioritization.R", for fast prioritization of suspect lists. In this workflow, the identification levels of candidates were first rated according to spectral matching and retention time prediction. The toxicity levels were rated according to candidates' toxicity of different endpoints or ToxPi score. Finally, the various levels of candidates were identified as Tier 1 - 5 descending in priority. For validation, we used this workflow to identify pollutants in a sludge water sample spiked with 28 environmental pollutants. The workflow reduced the candidate list of over 6,982 candidates to a final list of 2,779 compounds and prioritized them to 5 tiers (Tier 1 - 5), including 21 out of 28 spiked standards. Overall, this study shows the added value of an automated prioritization R package for the fast screening of environmental pollutants based on the NTA method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore
| | - Fanrong Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jie Zheng
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yongjun Xiao
- International Food & Water Research Centre, Waters Pacific Pte Ltd, 117528, Singapore.
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 3663 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chou L, Zhou C, Luo W, Guo J, Shen Y, Lin D, Wang C, Yu H, Zhang X, Wei S, Shi W. Identification of high-concern organic pollutants in tap waters from the Yangtze River in China based on combined screening strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159416. [PMID: 36244484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, numerous organic pollutants have been detected in water environment. The safety of our drinking water has attracted widespread attention. Effective methods to screen and identify high-concern substances are urgently needed. In this study, the combined workflow for the detection and identification of high-concern organic chemicals was established and applied to tap water samples from the Yangtze River Basin. The solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents were compared and evaluated and finally the HLB cartridge was selected as the best one for most of the contaminants. Based on target, suspect and non-target analysis, 3023 chemicals/peaks were detected. Thirteen substances such as diundecyl phthalate (DUP), 2-hydroxyatrazine, dioxoaminopyrine and diethyl-2-phenylacetamide were detected in drinking water in the Yangtze River Basin for the very first time. Based on three kinds of prioritization principles, 49 ubiquitous, 103 characteristic chemicals and 13 inefficiently removed chemicals were selected as high-concern substances. Among them, 8, 31, 9, 3, 4 substances overlapped with the toxic, risky or high-concern chemicals lists in China, America, European Union, Japan, Korea, respectively. Specific management and removal strategies were further recommended. The workflow is efficient for identification of key pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liben Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chengzhuo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenrui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yanhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Die Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Viganò L, Guzzella L, Marziali L, Mascolo G, Bagnuolo G, Ciannarella R, Roscioli C. The last 50 years of organic contamination of a highly anthropized tributary of the Po River (Italy). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116665. [PMID: 36423407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We examined the temporal profiles of many organic micropollutants analysed in a sediment core sampled from a highly anthropized tributary of the Po River, the Lambro River. Analysed for extractable organic halogens (EOX), total petroleum hydrocarbons (C10-C40TPH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), common legacy pollutants (DDTs, PCBs), halogenated flame retardants (PBDEs, DBDPE, TBBPA-bis, TCBPA, TBBPA, HBCDs), organotins (TBT, TPhT), antimicrobials (TCS, TCC), fragrances (AHTN, HHCB) and phthalates (DMP, DEP, DnBP, BBP, DEHP, DnOP), the dated sediment core revealed the historical record of 50 years of chemical contamination discharged into the Lambro and thereby the Po River. In this regard, the peak levels of PCBs and DDTs found in Lambro sediments were also identified in other sediment cores collected from the Po River prodelta in the Adriatic Sea, thus hundreds of kilometres downstream (Combi et al., 2020). The highest risk to aquatic organisms was associated with decades of high levels of C10-C40 TPH, PBDEs, PCBs, PAHs, DDTs, EOX, TCC, AHTN and DEHP, which in different periods of the contamination history, showed exceedances of guideline/threshold values. C10-C40 TPH and TCC, for example, were very high in the 1960s, whereas PCBs, DDTs, and PBDEs, peaked from the 1980s onward. The corresponding sums of PEC quotients ranged between 0.48 and 28.63, with a mean value (±SD) for the entire recording period of 10.62 ± 9.83. Environmental legislations and improved wastewater treatments were the main drivers of the recent downward trends observed for most of the chemicals investigated. Floods in turn resulted in macroscopic yet temporary improvements in the chemical quality of the tributary, conveying contaminated sediments into the Po River.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Viganò
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Licia Guzzella
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Laura Marziali
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bagnuolo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggero Ciannarella
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Roscioli
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Klein O, Zimmermann T, Hildebrandt L, Pröfrock D. Technology-critical elements in Rhine sediments - A case study on occurrence and spatial distribution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158464. [PMID: 36057312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite their presence in almost every technical device, little is known about the occurrence, distribution, and fate of technology-critical elements (TCEs) within the environment. Due to high economic demands and short product lifespans as well as low recycling rates, many TCEs appear to become emerging contaminants. Within the scope of this work, 57 sediment samples from the German part of the Rhine river, as well as various tributaries, were collected to study the occurrence and distribution of TCEs. This specific catchment area has consistently been subjected to strong anthropogenic influences over the last century. Hierarchical cluster analysis, as well as principal component analysis were used to gain first insights into the spatial distribution and possible sources of TCEs along the Rhine. Obtained mass fractions in conjunction with corresponding geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) provide first indications of a possible enrichment along the Rhine for the TCEs of interest (Ga, Ge, Nb, In, Te, rare earth elements, and Ta). Especially the mass fractions of Zn, Ge, In, La, Sm, and Gd exhibit significant anthropogenic inputs. For stations characterized by high Ge and In mass fractions, element fingerprints imply possible atmospheric deposition stemming from e.g. combustion processes. Distinct anomalies of La and Sm most likely originate from discharges located at the city of Worms into the Upper Rhine. Statistical analysis of all analyzed 55 elemental mass fractions revealed similar behavior of TCEs compared to classical heavy metals. Diffuse as well as point sources of TCEs are likely. As a result, this study provides further insight into the role of TCEs as potential emerging contaminants in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Klein
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tristan Zimmermann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Lars Hildebrandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Daniel Pröfrock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tinnevelt GH, Lushchikova O, Augustijn D, Lochs M, Geertsma RW, Rijkeboer M, Kools H, Dubelaar G, Veen A, Buydens LMC, Jansen JJ. Water quality monitoring based on chemometric analysis of high-resolution phytoplankton data measured with flow cytometry. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107587. [PMID: 36274492 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
River water is an important source of Dutch drinking water. For this reason, continuous monitoring of river water quality is needed. However, comprehensive chemical analyses with high-resolution gas chromatography [GC]-mass spectrometry [MS]/liquid chromatography [LC]-MS are quite tedious and time consuming; this makes them poorly fit for routine water quality monitoring and, therefore, many pollution events are missed. Phytoplankton are highly sensitive and responsive to toxicity, which makes them highly usable for effect-based water quality monitoring. Flow cytometry can measure the optical properties of phytoplankton every hour, generating a large amount of information-rich data in one year. However, this requires chemometrics, as the resulting fingerprints need to be processed into information about abnormal phytoplankton behaviour. We developed Discriminant Analysis of Multi-Aspect CYtometry (DAMACY) to model the "normal condition" of the phytoplankton community imposed by diurnal, meteorological, and other exogenous influences. DAMACY first describes the cellular variability and distribution of phytoplankton in each measurement using principal component analysis, and then aims to find subtle differences in these phytoplankton distributions that predict normal environmental conditions. Deviations from these normal environmental conditions indicated abnormal phytoplankton behaviour that happened alongside pollution events measured with the GC/MS and LC/MS systems. Thus, our results demonstrate that flow cytometry in combination with chemometrics may be used for an automated hourly assessment of river water quality and as a near real-time early warning for detecting harmful known or unknown contaminants. Finally, both the flow cytometer and the DAMACY algorithm run completely autonomous and only requires maintenance once or twice per year. The warning system results may be uploaded automatically, so that drinking water companies may temporary stop pumping water whenever abnormal phytoplankton behaviour is detected. In the case of prolonged abnormal phytoplankton behaviour, comprehensive analysis may still be used to identify the chemical compound, its origin, and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerjen H Tinnevelt
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, (Analytical Chemistry), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Olga Lushchikova
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, (Analytical Chemistry), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dillen Augustijn
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, (Analytical Chemistry), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Lochs
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, (Analytical Chemistry), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rinze W Geertsma
- Laboratory for Hydrobiological Analysis, Rijkswaterstaat (RWS), Zuiderwagenplein 2, 8224 AD Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Machteld Rijkeboer
- Laboratory for Hydrobiological Analysis, Rijkswaterstaat (RWS), Zuiderwagenplein 2, 8224 AD Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Harrie Kools
- CytoBuoy bv, Johan de Wittlaan 11, 3445 AG Woerden, the Netherlands
| | - George Dubelaar
- CytoBuoy bv, Johan de Wittlaan 11, 3445 AG Woerden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnold Veen
- CytoBuoy bv, Johan de Wittlaan 11, 3445 AG Woerden, the Netherlands
| | - Lutgarde M C Buydens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, (Analytical Chemistry), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Jansen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, (Analytical Chemistry), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alygizakis N, Giannakopoulos T, Τhomaidis NS, Slobodnik J. Detecting the sources of chemicals in the Black Sea using non-target screening and deep learning convolutional neural networks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157554. [PMID: 35878861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Black Sea is an important ecosystem, which is affected by various anthropogenic pressures, such as shipping activities and wastewater inputs from large coastal cities. Significant loads of chemical pollutants are being continuously brought in by major European rivers. This study investigated the spatial distribution of chemicals in the Ukrainian shelf (the northwestern part of the Black Sea) and their main sources. Chemical occurrence data used in the study was generated within the Joint Black Sea Surveys (JBSS), which took place in 2016 and 2017 as a part of the EU/UNDP EMBLAS II project (www.emblasproject.org). During the JBSS, seawater samples were analyzed by a non-target screening workflow using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Open-source algorithms were applied to generate a combined dataset of 30,489 detected chemical signals and their intensities. Out of these, 35 compounds were tentatively identified by the application of a non-target screening identification workflow based on automated matching of their mass spectra against those in available mass spectral libraries. The dataset was used to generate images, representing spatial distribution of each of the signals. These images were then used as an input to a deep learning convolutional neural network classification model. The study resulted in the development of an open-source end-to-end workflow for the estimation of the pollution load by chemicals contributed by the two major inflowing rivers (Danube and Dnieper) and other, so far unidentified, sources. A dedicated dashboard was built to facilitate data visualization per detected signal/compound. The presented model proved to be especially useful at the prioritization of signals of unknown compounds, which is of key importance for the follow up structure elucidation efforts of bulky non-target screening data. The deep learning approach for peak prioritization of unknown chemicals in the environment has been used for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikiforos Alygizakis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic.
| | | | - Nikolaos S Τhomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Narain-Ford DM, van Wezel AP, Helmus R, Dekker SC, Bartholomeus RP. Soil self-cleaning capacity: Removal of organic compounds during sub-surface irrigation with sewage effluent. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119303. [PMID: 36323222 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the reuse of treated sewage effluent for irrigation purposes is increasingly encouraged as a practical solution against the mismatch between the demand for and availability of freshwater resources. The reuse of sewage effluent for sub-surface irrigation (SSI) in agriculture serves the dual purpose of supplying water to crops and diminishing emissions of contaminants of emerging concern (CoECs) into surface water. To investigate such reuse, in a real scale cropland with SSI using sewage effluent, from September 2017 to March 2019 including the extremely dry year 2018, residues were followed of 133 CoECs as related to their physicochemical properties and quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Of the 133 target CoECs, 89 were retrieved in the field, most non-detect CoECs have low persistency. During the growing season with sub-surface irrigation, CoECs spread to the shallow groundwater and rhizosphere. Significantly lower concentrations are found between infiltration pipes as compared to directly next to the pipes in shallow groundwater for all persistency-mobility classes. CoECs belonging to the class pm (low persistency and low mobility) or class PM (high persistency and high mobility) class show no change amongst their removal in the rhizosphere and groundwater in a dry versus normal year. CoECs belonging to the class pM (low persistency and high mobility) show high seasonal dynamics in the rhizosphere and shallow groundwater, indicating that these CoECs break down. CoECs of the class Pm (high persistency and low mobility) only significantly build up in the rhizosphere next to infiltration pipes. Climatic conditions with dry summers and precipitation surplus and drainage in winter strongly affect the fate of CoECs. During the dry summer of 2018 infiltrated effluent is hardly diluted, resulting in significantly higher concentrations for the CoECs belonging to the classes pM and Pm. After the extremely dry year of 2018, cumulative concentrations are still significantly higher, while after a normal year during winter precipitation surplus removes CoECs. For all persistency-mobility classes in the shallow groundwater between the pipes, we find significant removal efficiencies. For the rhizosphere between the pipes, we find the same except for Pm. Next to the pipes however we find no significant removal for all classes in both the rhizosphere and shallow groundwater and even significant accumulation for Pm. For this group of persistent moderately hydrophobic CoECs risk characterization ratio's were calculated for the period of time with the highest normalized concentration. None of the single-chemical RCRs are above one and the ΣRCR is also far below one, implying sufficiently safe ambient exposures. Overall the deeper groundwater (7.0-11.8 m below soil surface) has the lowest response to the sub-surface irrigation for all persistency-mobility. When adopting a SSI STP effluent reuse system care must be taken to monitor the CoECs that are (moderately) hydrophobic as these can build up in the SSI system. For the deeper groundwater and for the discharge to the surface water, we find significant removal for the pM and the PM class but not for other classes. In conclusion, relatively high removal efficiencies are shown benefiting the surface waters that would otherwise receive the STP effluent directly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Narain-Ford
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
| | - A P van Wezel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Helmus
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S C Dekker
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R P Bartholomeus
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mu H, Liu Q, Dong D, Hu H, Ding L, Wu B, Wang J, Ren H. The diversity of AHLs in WWTPs needs to be assessed more rigorously. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
25
|
Wu S, Hua P, Gui D, Zhang J, Ying G, Krebs P. Occurrences, transport drivers, and risk assessments of antibiotics in typical oasis surface and groundwater. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119138. [PMID: 36191526 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intensive use of antibiotics affects biogeochemical cycles and stimulates the evolution of antibiotic resistance, thus threatening global health and social development. The spatiotemporal distributions of antibiotics in single aqueous matrices have been widely documented; however, their occurrence in surface-groundwater systems has received less attention, especially in arid regions that usually have fragile ecosystems. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of thirty-one antibiotics in the surface water and adjacent groundwater in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The results showed that the total concentrations of detected antibiotics varied from 17.37 to 84.09 ng L-1 and from 16.38 to 277.41 ng L-1 in surface and groundwater, respectively. The median concentration of antibiotics showed the pattern of norfloxacin (4.86 ng L-1) > ciprofloxacin (3.93 ng L-1) > pefloxacin (3.39 ng L-1) in surface water; whereas in groundwater, this was in the order of pefloxacin (6.30 ng L-1) > norfloxacin (4.33 ng L-1) > ciprofloxacin (2.68 ng L-1). Heatmap analysis indicated that vertical infiltration had limited effects on antibiotic exchange in surface-ground water systems because of the high potential evaporation and low water storage. Redundancy analysis suggested that the oxidation-reduction potential (p < 0.01) and dissolved oxygen (p < 0.05) jointly affected the distribution of antibiotics in surface water. Ecological risk assessment showed that antibiotics in 98.9% of surface water and 99.1% of groundwater did not pose significant risks to aquatic species. The findings of this study will help develop effective mitigation strategies for antibiotics in aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shixue Wu
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pei Hua
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, 510006 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dongwei Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China
| | - Guangguo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Courtier A, Roig B, Cariou S, Cadiere A, Bayle S. Evaluation of Coriolis Micro Air Sampling to Detect Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196462. [PMID: 36234999 PMCID: PMC9572053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There are several analytical procedures available for the monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air, which differ mainly on sampling procedures. The Coriolis micro air sampler is a tool normally designed for biological air sampling. In this paper, the Coriolis micro bio collector is used to evaluate its ability to sample organic contaminants sampling and detecting them when combined GC-MS. We also compare the use of the Coriolis micro with a standardized sampling method, which is the use of a lung box with a Nalophan® bag. The results show that the Coriolis micro sampling method is suitable for the sampling of organic contaminants. Indeed, the Coriolis micro allows to sample and detect mainly semi-volatile molecules, while the lung box/Nalophan® bags allow to sample more volatile molecules (highly volatile and volatile). These results were confirmed in the controlled air lab with a slight difference with the field. The simultaneous use of the both techniques allow to sample and detect a larger number of molecules with specific physicochemical properties to each sampling technique. In conclusion, the Coriolis micro can sample and detect volatile organic compounds present in air. We have shown that the development of alternative sampling methods and the use of non-target analysis are essential for a more comprehensive risk assessment. Moreover, the use of the Coriolis micro allows the detection of emergent molecules around the Thau lagoon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Courtier
- UPR Chrome, University of Nimes, Rue du Dr G. Salan, CEDEX 1, 30021 Nimes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Benoit Roig
- UPR Chrome, University of Nimes, Rue du Dr G. Salan, CEDEX 1, 30021 Nimes, France
| | - Stephane Cariou
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Risques (LSR), IMT Alès, 6 Av. de Clavières, 30100 Alès, France
| | - Axelle Cadiere
- UPR Chrome, University of Nimes, Rue du Dr G. Salan, CEDEX 1, 30021 Nimes, France
| | - Sandrine Bayle
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Risques (LSR), IMT Alès, 6 Av. de Clavières, 30100 Alès, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ljoncheva M, Stepišnik T, Kosjek T, Džeroski S. Machine learning for identification of silylated derivatives from mass spectra. J Cheminform 2022; 14:62. [PMID: 36109826 PMCID: PMC9476372 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-022-00636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Motivation
Compound structure identification is using increasingly more sophisticated computational tools, among which machine learning tools are a recent addition that quickly gains in importance. These tools, of which the method titled Compound Structure Identification:Input Output Kernel Regression (CSI:IOKR) is an excellent example, have been used to elucidate compound structure from mass spectral (MS) data with significant accuracy, confidence and speed. They have, however, largely focused on data coming from liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS).
Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is an alternative which offers several advantages as compared to LC–MS, including higher data reproducibility. Of special importance is the substantial compound coverage offered by GC–MS, further expanded by derivatization procedures, such as silylation, which can improve the volatility, thermal stability and chromatographic peak shape of semi-volatile analytes. Despite these advantages and the increasing size of compound databases and MS libraries, GC–MS data have not yet been used by machine learning approaches to compound structure identification.
Results
This study presents a successful application of the CSI:IOKR machine learning method for the identification of environmental contaminants from GC–MS spectra. We use CSI:IOKR as an alternative to exhaustive search of MS libraries, independent of instrumental platform and data processing software. We use a comprehensive dataset of GC–MS spectra of trimethylsilyl derivatives and their molecular structures, derived from a large commercially available MS library, to train a model that maps between spectra and molecular structures. We test the learned model on a different dataset of GC–MS spectra of trimethylsilyl derivatives of environmental contaminants, generated in-house and made publicly available. The results show that 37% (resp. 50%) of the tested compounds are correctly ranked among the top 10 (resp. 20) candidate compounds suggested by the model. Even though spectral comparisons with reference standards or de novo structural elucidations are neccessary to validate the predictions, machine learning provides efficient candidate prioritization and reduction of the time spent for compound annotation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hashimoto S, Takazawa Y, Ieda T, Omagari R, Nakajima D, Nakamura S, Suzuki N. Application of rapid air sampling and non-targeted analysis using thermal desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry to accidental fire. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135021. [PMID: 35598787 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To be able to gauge the health risks and biological effects of e-waste fires, it is of key importance to know what types and amounts of chemicals are released when they occur. In this case study, we pumped 6-24 L of air from an accidental fire at a recycling depot through a Tenax-TA tube and conducted comprehensive (non-targeted) analysis by thermal desorption/comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD/GC × GC/ToFMS). A special focus was placed on the search for halogenated compounds. More than 5000 components were detected in the atmosphere around the fire; however, component separation was insufficient, even when using GC × GC. The number of organohalogen compounds retrieved was increased about 1.8-fold by the refinement process of the exact mass spectrum using mass defect filtering (MDF) software. After processed by MDF, 386 peaks were concluded to be halogenated compounds. The major retrieved substances included chlorinated (or chlorinated-brominated) dioxins, chlorinated (or brominated) phenols, benzene, and various other halogenated aromatic compounds. Direct comparison of mass spectra was carried out to investigate the potential for qualitative and quantitative comparison of detected peaks without specific identification. The approximate quantitative values are summarized for each compound in the estimated substance group. Their ratios were estimated to be halogenated phenols: 13%, benzenes: 9.6%, dibenzo-p-dioxins: 9.6%, dibenzofurans: 8.4%, biphenyls; 7.4% and toluenes: 6.4%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teruyo Ieda
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | - Ryo Omagari
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abdighahroudi MS, Mutke XAM, Jütte M, Klein K, Schmidt TC, Lutze HV. Reaction of Chlorine Dioxide with Saturated Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles and Comparison with the Micropollutant Behavior in a Real Water Matrix. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11589-11601. [PMID: 35929822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a very selective oxidant that reacts with electron-rich moieties such as activated amines and thus can degrade specific N-containing micropollutants. N-containing heterocycles (NCHs) are among the most frequent moieties of pharmaceuticals. In this study, the reactions of ClO2 with ritalinic acid and cetirizine, two abundant micropollutants, and model compounds representing their NCH moiety were investigated. The pH-dependent apparent reaction rates of all NCHs with ClO2 were measured and modeled. This model showed that neutral amines are the most important species having reaction rates between 800 and 3200 M-1 s-1, while cationic amines are not reactive. Ritalinic acid, cetirizine, and their representative model compounds showed a high stoichiometric ratio of ≈5 moles ClO2 consumption per degraded ritalinic acid and ≈4 moles ClO2 consumption per degraded cetirizine, respectively. Investigation of chlorine-containing byproducts of ClO2 showed that all investigated NCHs mostly react by electron transfer and form above 80% chlorite. The reactions of the model compounds were well comparable with cetirizine and ritalinic acid, indicating that the model compounds indeed represented the reaction centers of cetirizine and ritalinic acid. Using the calculated apparent reaction rate constants, micropollutant degradation during ClO2 treatment of surface water was predicted for ritalinic acid and cetirizine with -8 to -15% and 13 to -22% error, respectively. The results indicate that in ClO2-based treatment, piperidine-containing micropollutants such as ritalinic acid can be considered not degradable, while piperazine-containing compounds such as cetirizine can be moderately degraded. This shows that NCH model compounds could be used to predict micropollutant degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sajjad Abdighahroudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
- Institute IWAR, Chair of environmental analytics and pollutants, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Xenia A M Mutke
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Mischa Jütte
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
- Institute IWAR, Chair of environmental analytics and pollutants, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Katharina Klein
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, D-45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
- Institute IWAR, Chair of environmental analytics and pollutants, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, D-45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mutuku C, Gazdag Z, Melegh S. Occurrence of antibiotics and bacterial resistance genes in wastewater: resistance mechanisms and antimicrobial resistance control approaches. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:152. [PMID: 35781751 PMCID: PMC9250919 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial pharmaceuticals are classified as emergent micropollutants of concern, implying that even at low concentrations, long-term exposure to the environment can have significant eco-toxicological effects. There is a lack of a standardized regulatory framework governing the permissible antibiotic content for monitoring environmental water quality standards. Therefore, indiscriminate discharge of antimicrobials at potentially active concentrations into urban wastewater treatment facilities is rampant. Antimicrobials may exert selective pressure on bacteria, leading to resistance development and eventual health consequences. The emergence of clinically important multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria in untreated hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been linked to the continuous exposure of bacteria to antimicrobials. The levels of environmental exposure to antibiotics and their correlation to the evolution and spread of resistant bacteria need to be elucidated to help in the formulation of mitigation measures. This review explores frequently detected antimicrobials in wastewater and gives a comprehensive coverage of bacterial resistance mechanisms to different antibiotic classes through the expression of a wide variety of antibiotic resistance genes either inherent and/or exchanged among bacteria or acquired from the reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater systems. To complement the removal of antibiotics and ARGs from WWTPs, upscaling the implementation of prospective interventions such as vaccines, phage therapy, and natural compounds as alternatives to widespread antibiotic use provides a multifaceted approach to minimize the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mutuku
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - Zoltan Gazdag
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Melegh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7622, Pecs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Malnes D, Ahrens L, Köhler S, Forsberg M, Golovko O. Occurrence and mass flows of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Sweden's three largest lakes and associated rivers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133825. [PMID: 35114267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are a concern in aquatic environments due to possible adverse effects on the environment and humans. This study assessed the occurrence and mass flows of CECs in Sweden's three largest lakes and 24 associated rivers. The occurrence and distribution of 105 CECs was investigated, comprising 71 pharmaceuticals, 13 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), eight industrial chemicals, four personal care products (PCPs), three parabens, two pesticides, and four other CECs (mostly anthropogenic markers). This is the first systematic study of CECs in Sweden's main lakes and one of the first to report environmental concentrations of the industrial chemicals tributyl citrate acetate and 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl-ether. The ∑CEC concentration was generally higher in river water (31-5200 ng/L; median 440 ng/L) than in lake water (36-900 ng/L; median 190 ng/L). At urban lake sites, seasonal variations were observed for PCPs and parabens, and also for antihistamines, antidiabetics, antineoplastic agents, antibiotics, and fungicides. The median mass CEC load in river water was 180 g/day (range 4.0-4300 g/day), with a total mass load of 5000 g/day to Lake Vänern, 510 g/day to Lake Vättern, and 5600 g/day to Lake Mälaren. All three lakes are used as drinking water reservoirs, so further investigations of the impact of CECs on the ecosystem and human health are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malnes
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden.
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden; Uppsala Water and Waste AB, Uppsala, SE, 754 50, Sweden
| | - Malin Forsberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Paszkiewicz M, Godlewska K, Lis H, Caban M, Białk-Bielińska A, Stepnowski P. Advances in suspect screening and non-target analysis of polar emerging contaminants in the environmental monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
33
|
Troxell K, Ng B, Zamora-Ley I, Gardinali P. Detecting Water Constituents Unique to Septic Tanks as a Wastewater Source in the Environment by Nontarget Analysis: South Florida's Deering Estate Rehydration Project Case Study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1165-1178. [PMID: 35170796 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study has generated a workflow based on nontarget analysis (NTA) with Compound Discoverer Ver 3.1 to characterize a set of source-discriminating compounds identified in water samples from locations in South Florida (USA), particularly those describing a freshwater environment (Everglades based), urban impacted areas (septic tank driven), and coastal (Biscayne Bay) endmembers in and around the Charles Deering Estate property in the Village of Palmetto Bay. Waters from an interconnected managed canal system were assessed to evaluate the influence of localized emissions. Septic tank effluents influence the water in many Southeast Florida environments due to their diminished onsite treatment capacity based on the limestone-dominated geology and canal systems providing a relatively unobstructed connection pathway. Through a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry and statistical analyses, a set of tracers and indicators was determined (azelaic acid, decanophenone, galaxolidone, methyl violet, monoolein, metoprolol, and 1-stearoylglycerol). Tentatively identified compounds were generally assigned to various categories such as dyes, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals. The NTA Compound Discoverer Ver 3.1 compound data (presented as principal component analysis and Kendrick mass defect plots) showed apparent differences between wastewater-influenced sites and non-wastewater-influenced sites along with the ranked "Top10" compounds found at each location. Waters from different locations were also compared using the presence of sucralose to further inform the NTA. The most septic-influenced site contained 3594 ± 94 ng/L of sucralose with concentrations declining steadily and reaching the lowest concentrations in Biscayne Bay of 122 ± 94 ng/L. The sucralose concentrations provided further evidence of septic influence on this system. Sucralose was determined to be a conservative tracer between the freshwater and coastal sources and complementary to other probable unique tracers of septic tank effluent identified by the NTA. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1165-1178. © 2022 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassidy Troxell
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Brian Ng
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ingrid Zamora-Ley
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Environmental Analysis Research Laboratory, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Environmental Analysis Research Laboratory, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wirzberger V, Merkus VI, Klein M, Hohrenk-Danzouma LL, Lutze HV, Schmidt TC. Bromide strongly influences the formation of reaction products during the ozonation of diclofenac, metoprolol and isoproturon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152427. [PMID: 34971689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bromide as an omnipresent matrix component in wastewater can react with ozone to form hypobromous acid (HOBr). This secondary oxidant can subsequently react with micropollutants but also with formed intermediates. Therefore, bromide and especially HOBr can highly influence the formation of transformation products (TPs). This has already been reported for the ozonation of N,N-dimethylsulfamide leading to the formation of the cancerogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine only in bromide containing waters. In this study, the influence of different bromide and ozone concentrations on the formation of TPs during the ozonation of isoproturon (ISO), metoprolol (METO) and diclofenac (DCF) were investigated. Additionally, TPs were identified, which are formed in the direct reaction of the micropollutants with HOBr with and without subsequent ozonation. The results showed that even if the reactions of ozone with the substances should be favored bromide can highly influence the formation of TPs already at low concentrations. In summary, new TPs after the reaction with HOBr (and subsequent ozonation) could be postulated for ISO, METO and DCF. This underlines that the present water matrix can have a high influence on the formation of TPs and that these mechanisms need to be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Wirzberger
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Valentina I Merkus
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Michelle Klein
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Lotta L Hohrenk-Danzouma
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; IWW Water Center, Moritzstr. 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany; Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; IWW Water Center, Moritzstr. 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhao JH, Hu LX, Wang YQ, Han Y, Liu YS, Zhao JL, Ying GG. Screening of organic chemicals in surface water of the North River by high resolution mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133174. [PMID: 34871619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wide use of various chemicals has resulted in water pollution, which has become a global environmental concern. So far limited information is available on what chemicals in our water. Here we investigated the occurrence and profiles of organic chemicals in the North River, South China by applying non-target screening analysis with high resolution mass spectrometry. A total of 402 organic chemicals belonging to eleven categories were identified in the North River, with notable presence of industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Among these detected chemicals, over half of the tentatively identified compounds were rarely reported in the surface water, with a few compounds, e.g., sisomicin, simeton, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, xanthurenic acid and indole-3-carboxylic acid that have never been documented in the North River before, while the metabolites like 4-acetamidoantipyrine were also observed. The maximum concentration of the identified chemicals in the North River was above 300 ng/L (Sulfamonomethoxine). Principle component analysis results of the obtained dataset showed significant seasonal distribution, which could be linked to variations in wastewater discharge, river dilution and anthropogenic activities such as pesticide spray. Agricultural activities in the upper reaches led to detection of various pesticides in the river basin, especially in the wet season. The findings from this study demonstrated the widespread presence of chemicals in our waterway, and further retrospective analysis would reveal more information about chemicals of emerging concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Han
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Du Y, Xu X, Liu Q, Bai L, Hang K, Wang D. Identification of organic pollutants with potential ecological and health risks in aquatic environments: Progress and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150691. [PMID: 34600995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of organic pollutants are intentionally and unintentionally discharged into water bodies, adversely affecting the ecological environment and human health. Screening for organic pollutants that pose a potential risk in aquatic environments is essential for risk management. This review evaluates the processes, methods, and technologies used to screen such pollutants in the aquatic environment and discuss their advantages and disadvantages, in addition to the challenges and knowledge gaps in this field. Combining non-target screening, target screening, and suspect screening is often effective for compiling a list of potential risk compounds and enables the quantitative analysis of these compounds. Sample preparation technologies and pollutant detection technologies considerably affect the results of pollutant screening. The limited amount of chemical and toxicological information contained in databases hinders the screening of organic pollutants with potential risk. Machine learning, high-throughput methods, and other technologies will increase the accuracy and convenience of screening for high-risk pollutants. This review provides an important reference for screening these compounds in aquatic environments and can be used in future pollutant screening and risk management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Du
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China; National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China
| | - Quanzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Hang
- Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University, 100052 Beijing, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
McCord JP, Groff LC, Sobus JR. Quantitative non-targeted analysis: Bridging the gap between contaminant discovery and risk characterization. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:107011. [PMID: 35386928 PMCID: PMC8979303 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical risk assessments follow a long-standing paradigm that integrates hazard, dose-response, and exposure information to facilitate quantitative risk characterization. Targeted analytical measurement data directly support risk assessment activities, as well as downstream risk management and compliance monitoring efforts. Yet, targeted methods have struggled to keep pace with the demands for data regarding the vast, and growing, number of known chemicals. Many contemporary monitoring studies therefore utilize non-targeted analysis (NTA) methods to screen for known chemicals with limited risk information. Qualitative NTA data has enabled identification of previously unknown compounds and characterization of data-poor compounds in support of hazard identification and exposure assessment efforts. In spite of this, NTA data have seen limited use in risk-based decision making due to uncertainties surrounding their quantitative interpretation. Significant efforts have been made in recent years to bridge this quantitative gap. Based on these advancements, quantitative NTA data, when coupled with other high-throughput data streams and predictive models, are poised to directly support 21st-century risk-based decisions. This article highlights components of the chemical risk assessment process that are influenced by NTA data, surveys the existing literature for approaches to derive quantitative estimates of chemicals from NTA measurements, and presents a conceptual framework for incorporating NTA data into contemporary risk assessment frameworks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James P. McCord
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.P. McCord)
| | - Louis C. Groff
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Jon R. Sobus
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Beschnitt A, Schwikowski M, Hoffmann T. Towards comprehensive non-target screening using heart-cut two-dimensional liquid chromatography for the analysis of organic atmospheric tracers in ice cores. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1661:462706. [PMID: 34864235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-target screening of secondary organic aerosol compounds in ice cores is used to reconstruct atmospheric conditions and sources and is a valuable tool to elucidate the chemical profiles of samples with the aim to obtain as much information as possible from one mass spectrometric measurement. The coupling of mass spectrometry to chromatography limits the results of a non-target screening to signals of compounds within a certain polarity range based on the utilized stationary phases of the columns. Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LCxLC) introduces a second column of different functionality to enable the analysis of a broader range of analytes. Conventional LCxLC requires complex instrumental setups and is difficult to implement for most laboratories. In this work we demonstrate an approach to approximate a comprehensive non-target screening using a simple instrumental setup employing two columns of orthogonal functionalities (HILIC and reversed-phase), an additional pump, and an additional six-port valve. The void volume of the first dimension is transferred to the reversed-phase column to analyze low-polarity compounds during the re-equilibration of the HILIC. Method validation showed adequate repeatability and detection limits for two selected void volume markers and application to snow samples collected at the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch yielded a total of 270 signals. Comparison to the one-dimensional HILIC approach revealed 175 signals exclusively detected in the two-dimensional method, of which 23 were detected in the second dimension. Detailed analysis of the chemical composition showed consistency with expected compounds in snow samples like lignin or cellulose combustion products from biomass burning or secondary organic aerosol constituents. The results confirmed that one-dimensional chromatography was not sufficient to cover the entire range of compounds and the developed two-dimensional approach will improve the information content from non-target screening while maintaining time of analysis and a simple instrumental setup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Beschnitt
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Margit Schwikowski
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Evaluation of Sample Preparation Methods for Non-Target Screening of Organic Micropollutants in Urban Waters Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237064. [PMID: 34885646 PMCID: PMC8659043 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-target screening (NTS) has gained interest in recent years for environmental monitoring purposes because it enables the analysis of a large number of pollutants without predefined lists of molecules. However, sample preparation methods are diverse, and few have been systematically compared in terms of the amount and relevance of the information obtained by subsequent NTS analysis. The goal of this work was to compare a large number of sample extraction methods for the unknown screening of urban waters. Various phases were tested for the solid-phase extraction of micropollutants from these waters. The evaluation of the different phases was assessed by statistical analysis based on the number of detected molecules, their range, and physicochemical properties (molecular weight, standard recoveries, polarity, and optical properties). Though each cartridge provided its own advantages, a multilayer cartridge combining several phases gathered more information in one single extraction by benefiting from the specificity of each one of its layers.
Collapse
|
40
|
Singh RR, Lai A, Krier J, Kondić T, Diderich P, Schymanski EL. Occurrence and Distribution of Pharmaceuticals and Their Transformation Products in Luxembourgish Surface Waters. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2021; 1:58-70. [PMID: 37101936 PMCID: PMC10114791 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and their transformation products (TPs) are continuously released into the aquatic environment via anthropogenic activity. To expand knowledge on the presence of pharmaceuticals and their known TPs in Luxembourgish rivers, 92 samples collected during routine monitoring events between 2019 and 2020 were investigated using nontarget analysis. Water samples were concentrated using solid-phase extraction and then analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Suspect screening was performed using several open source computational tools and resources including Shinyscreen (https://git-r3lab.uni.lu/eci/shinyscreen/), MetFrag (https://msbi.ipb-halle.de/MetFrag/), PubChemLite (https://zenodo.org/record/4432124), and MassBank (https://massbank.eu/MassBank/). A total of 94 pharmaceuticals, 88 confirmed at a level 1 confidence (86 of which could be quantified, two compounds too low to be quantified) and six identified at level 2a, were found to be present in Luxembourg rivers. Pharmaceutical TPs (12) were also found at a level 2a confidence. The pharmaceuticals were present at median concentrations up to 214 ng/L, with caffeine having a median concentration of 1424 ng/L. Antihypertensive drugs (15), psychoactive drugs (15), and antimicrobials (eight) were the most detected groups of pharmaceuticals. A spatiotemporal analysis of the data revealed areas with higher concentrations of the pharmaceuticals, as well as differences in pharmaceutical concentrations between 2019 and 2020. The results of this work will help guide activities for improving water management in the country and set baseline data for continuous monitoring and screening efforts, as well as for further open data and software developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randolph R. Singh
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- IFREMER
(Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation
de la Mer), Laboratoire Biogéochimie
des Contaminants Organiques, Rue de l’Ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, Nantes 44311 Cedex 3, France
| | - Adelene Lai
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Institute
for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Lessing Strasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jessy Krier
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Todor Kondić
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Philippe Diderich
- Administration
de la gestion de l’eau, Ministère
de l’Environnement, du Climat et du Développement durable, L-2918 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Emma L. Schymanski
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Seller C, Özel Duygan BD, Honti M, Fenner K. Biotransformation of Chemicals at the Water–Sediment Interface─Toward a Robust Simulation Study Setup. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2021; 1:46-57. [PMID: 37101935 PMCID: PMC10114792 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studying aquatic biotransformation of chemicals in laboratory experiments, i.e., OECD 308 and OECD 309 studies, is required by international regulatory frameworks to prevent the release of persistent chemicals into natural water bodies. Here, we aimed to address several previously described shortcomings of OECD 308/309 studies regarding their variable outcomes and questionable environmental relevance by broadly testing and characterizing a modified biotransformation test system in which an aerated water column covers a thin sediment layer. Compared to standard OECD 308/309 studies, the modified system showed little inter-replicate variability, improved observability of biotransformation, and consistency with first-order biotransformation kinetics for the majority of 43 test compounds, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and artificial sweeteners. To elucidate the factors underlying the decreased inter-replicate variability compared to OECD 309 outcomes, we used multidimensional flow cytometry data and a machine learning-based cell type assignment pipeline to study cell densities and cell type diversities in the sediment and water compartments. Our here presented data on cell type composition in both water and sediment allows, for the first time, to study the behavior of microbial test communities throughout different biotransformation simulation studies. We found that sediment-associated microbial communities were generally more stable throughout the experiments and exhibited higher cell type diversity than the water column-associated communities. Consistently, our data indicate that aquatic biotransformation of chemicals can be most robustly studied in test systems providing a sufficient amount of sediment-borne biomass. While these findings favor OECD 308-type systems over OECD 309-type systems to study biotransformation at the water-sediment interface, our results suggest that the former should be modified toward lower sediment-water ratios to improve observability and interpretability of biotransformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Seller
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Birge D. Özel Duygan
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Honti
- MTA-BME Water Research Group, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang S, Perkins M, Matthews DA, Zeng T. Coupling Suspect and Nontarget Screening with Mass Balance Modeling to Characterize Organic Micropollutants in the Onondaga Lake-Three Rivers System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15215-15226. [PMID: 34730951 PMCID: PMC8600663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the occurrence, sources, and fate of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in lake-river systems serves as an important foundation for constraining the potential impacts of OMPs on the ecosystem functions of these critical landscape features. In this work, we combined suspect and nontarget screening with mass balance modeling to investigate OMP contamination in the Onondaga Lake-Three Rivers system of New York. Suspect and nontarget screening enabled by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry led to the confirmation and quantification of 105 OMPs in water samples collected throughout the lake-river system, which were grouped by their concentration patterns into wastewater-derived and mixed-source clusters via hierarchical cluster analysis. Four of these OMPs (i.e., galaxolidone, diphenylphosphinic acid, N-butylbenzenesulfonamide, and triisopropanolamine) were prioritized and identified by nontarget screening based on their characteristic vertical distribution patterns during thermal stratification in Onondaga Lake. Mass balance modeling performed using the concentration and discharge data highlighted the export of OMPs from Onondaga Lake to the Three Rivers as a major contributor to the OMP budget in this lake-river system. Overall, this work demonstrated the utility of an integrated screening and modeling framework that can be adapted for OMP characterization, fate assessment, and load apportionment in similar surface water systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiru Wang
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
| | - MaryGail Perkins
- Upstate
Freshwater Institute, 224 Midler Park Drive, Syracuse, New York 13206, United
States
| | - David A. Matthews
- Upstate
Freshwater Institute, 224 Midler Park Drive, Syracuse, New York 13206, United
States
| | - Teng Zeng
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cerveny D, Fick J, Klaminder J, McCallum ES, Bertram MG, Castillo NA, Brodin T. Water temperature affects the biotransformation and accumulation of a psychoactive pharmaceutical and its metabolite in aquatic organisms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106705. [PMID: 34139590 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have been shown to accumulate in aquatic and riparian food-webs. Yet, our understanding of how temperature, a key environmental factor in nature, affects uptake, biotransformation, and the subsequent accumulation of PhACs in aquatic organisms is limited. In this study, we tested to what extent bioconcentration of an anxiolytic drugs (temazepam and oxazepam) is affected by two temperature regimes (10 and 20 °C) and how the temperature affects the temazepam biotransformation and subsequent accumulation of its metabolite (oxazepam) in aquatic organisms. We used European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and dragonfly larvae (Sympetrum sp.), which represent predator and prey species of high ecological relevance in food chains of boreal and temperate aquatic ecosystems. Experimental organisms were exposed to target pharmaceuticals at a range of concentrations (0.2-6 µg L-1) to study concentration dependent differences in bioconcentration and biotransformation. We found that the bioconcentration of temazepam in perch was significantly reduced at higher temperatures. Also, temperature had a strong effect on temazepam biotransformation in the fish, with the production and subsequent accumulation of its metabolite (oxazepam) being two-fold higher at 20 °C compared to 10 °C. In contrast, we found no temperature dependency for temazepam bioconcentration in dragonfly larvae and no detectable biotransformation of the parent compound that would result in measurable concentrations of oxazepam in this organism. Our results highlight that while organisms may share the same aquatic ecosystem, their exposure to PhACs may change differently across temperature gradients in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Cerveny
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umea, Sweden; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - J Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Klaminder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - E S McCallum
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umea, Sweden
| | - M G Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umea, Sweden
| | - N A Castillo
- Department of Earth and Environment, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - T Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umea, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bridson JH, Gaugler EC, Smith DA, Northcott GL, Gaw S. Leaching and extraction of additives from plastic pollution to inform environmental risk: A multidisciplinary review of analytical approaches. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125571. [PMID: 34030416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is prevalent worldwide and has been highlighted as an issue of global concern due to its harmful impacts on wildlife. The extent and mechanism by which plastic pollution effects organisms is poorly understood, especially for microplastics. One proposed mechanism by which plastics may exert a harmful effect is through the leaching of additives. To determine the risk to wildlife, the chemical identity and exposure to additives must be established. However, there are few reports with disparate experimental approaches. In contrast, a breadth of knowledge on additive release from plastics is held within the food, pharmaceutical and medical, construction, and waste management industries. This includes standardised methods to perform migration, extraction, and leaching studies. This review provides an overview of the approaches and methods used to characterise additives and their leaching behaviour from plastic pollution. The limitations of these methods are highlighted and compared with industry standardised approaches. Furthermore, an overview of the analytical strategies for the identification and quantification of additives is presented. This work provides a basis for refining current leaching approaches and analytical methods with a view towards understanding the risk of plastic pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James H Bridson
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand; School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.
| | | | - Dawn A Smith
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand
| | - Grant L Northcott
- Northcott Research Consultants Limited, 20 River Oaks Place, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand
| | - Sally Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Piai L, van der Wal A, Boelee N, Langenhoff A. Melamine degradation to bioregenerate granular activated carbon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125503. [PMID: 33676259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The industrial chemical melamine is often detected in surface water used for drinking water production, due to its wide application and insufficient removal in conventional wastewater treatment plants. Melamine can be removed from water by adsorption onto granular activated carbon (GAC), nevertheless, GAC needs periodic reactivation in costly and energy intense processes. As an alternative method, GAC can also be regenerated using biomass capable of degrading melamine in a process called bioregeneration. We assessed melamine biodegradation in batch experiments in fully oxic and anoxic, as well as in alternating oxic and anoxic conditions. Additionally, we studied the effect of an additional carbon source on the biodegradation. The most favourable conditions for melamine biodegradation were applied to bioregenerate GAC loaded with melamine. We demonstrate that melamine can be biodegraded in either oxic or anoxic conditions and that melamine degrading biomass can restore at least 28% of the original GAC adsorption capacity. Furthermore, our results indicate that bioregeneration occurs mainly in the largest pore fraction of GAC, impacting adsorption kinetics. Overall, we show that bioregeneration has a large potential for restoring GAC adsorption capacity in industrial wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piai
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Wal
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Evides Water Company, PO Box 4472, 3006 AL Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine Boelee
- Nijhuis Industries, PO Box 44, 7000 AA Doetinchem, The Netherlands
| | - Alette Langenhoff
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cerveny D, Fick J, Klaminder J, Bertram MG, Brodin T. Exposure via biotransformation: Oxazepam reaches predicted pharmacological effect levels in European perch after exposure to temazepam. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112246. [PMID: 33901781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is generally expected that biotransformation and excretion of pharmaceuticals occurs similarly in fish and mammals, despite significant physiological differences. Here, we exposed European perch (Perca fluviatilis) to the benzodiazepine drug temazepam at a nominal concentration of 2 µg L-1 for 10 days. We collected samples of blood plasma, muscle, and brain in a time-dependent manner to assess its bioconcentration, biotransformation, and elimination over another 10 days of depuration in clean water. We observed rapid pharmacokinetics of temazepam during both the exposure and depuration periods. The steady state was reached within 24 h of exposure in most individuals, as was complete elimination of temazepam from tissues during depuration. Further, the biologically active metabolite oxazepam was produced via fish biotransformation, and accumulated significantly throughout the exposure period. In contrast to human patients, where a negligible amount of oxazepam is created by temazepam biotransformation, we observed a continuous increase of oxazepam concentrations in all fish tissues throughout exposure. Indeed, oxazepam accumulated more than its parent compound, did not reach a steady state during the exposure period, and was not completely eliminated even after 10 days of depuration, highlighting the importance of considering environmental hazards posed by pharmaceutical metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cerveny
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Klaminder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael G Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tröger R, Ren H, Yin D, Postigo C, Nguyen PD, Baduel C, Golovko O, Been F, Joerss H, Boleda MR, Polesello S, Roncoroni M, Taniyasu S, Menger F, Ahrens L, Yin Lai F, Wiberg K. What's in the water? - Target and suspect screening of contaminants of emerging concern in raw water and drinking water from Europe and Asia. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117099. [PMID: 33930794 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is growing worry that drinking water can be affected by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), potentially threatening human health. In this study, a wide range of CECs (n = 177), including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and other compounds, were analysed in raw water and in drinking water collected from drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in Europe and Asia (n = 13). The impact of human activities was reflected in large numbers of compounds detected (n = 115) and high variation in concentrations in the raw water (range 15-7995 ng L-1 for ∑177CECs). The variation was less pronounced in drinking water, with total concentration ranging from 35 to 919 ng L-1. Treatment efficiency was on average 65 ± 28%, with wide variation between different DWTPs. The DWTP with the highest ∑CEC concentrations in raw water had the most efficient treatment procedure (average treatment efficiency 89%), whereas the DWTP with the lowest ∑177CEC concentration in the raw water had the lowest average treatment efficiency (2.3%). Suspect screening was performed for 500 compounds ranked high as chemicals of concern for drinking water, using a prioritisation tool (SusTool). Overall, 208 features of interest were discovered and three were confirmed with reference standards. There was co-variation between removal efficiency in DWTPs for the target compounds and the suspected features detected using suspect screening, implying that removal of known contaminants can be used to predict overall removal of potential CECs for drinking water production. Our results can be of high value for DWTPs around the globe in their planning for future treatment strategies to meet the increasing concern about human exposure to unknown CECs present in their drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Tröger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hanwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Water, Environmental, and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Carrer Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Phuoc Dan Nguyen
- Centre Asiatique de Recherche sur l'Eau, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10; Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Christine Baduel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38 050 Grenoble, France
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Frederic Been
- KWR Water Research Institute, 3430BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Joerss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Maria Rosa Boleda
- Aigües de Barcelona - EMGCIA S.A, General Batet 1-7, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefano Polesello
- Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio (MB), Italy
| | | | - Sachi Taniyasu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Frank Menger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Black GP, He G, Denison MS, Young TM. Using Estrogenic Activity and Nontargeted Chemical Analysis to Identify Contaminants in Sewage Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6729-6739. [PMID: 33909413 PMCID: PMC8378343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Diverse organic compounds, many derived from consumer products, are found in sewage sludge worldwide. Understanding which of these poses the most significant environmental threat following land application can be investigated through a variety of predictive and cell-based toxicological techniques. Nontargeted analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry with predictive estrogenic activity modeling was performed on sewage sludge samples from 12 wastewater treatment plants in California. Diisobutyl phthalate and dextrorphan were predicted to exhibit estrogenic activity and identified in >75% of sludge samples, signifying their universal presence and persistence. Additionally, the application of an estrogen-responsive cell bioassay revealed reductions in agonistic activity during mesophilic and thermophilic treatment but significant increases in antagonism during thermophilic treatment, which warrants further research. Ten nontarget features were identified (metoprolol, fenofibric acid, erythrohydrobupropion, oleic acid, mestranol, 4'-chlorobiphenyl-2,3-diol, medrysone, scillarenin, sudan I, and N,O-didesmethyltramadol) in treatment set samples and are considered to have influenced the in vitro estrogenic activity observed. The combination of predictive and in vitro estrogenicity with nontargeted analysis has led to confirmation of 12 estrogen-active contaminants in California sewage sludge and has highlighted the importance of evaluating both agonistic and antagonistic responses when evaluating the bioactivity of complex samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle P. Black
- Agricultural & Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group, University of California, Davis
| | - Guochun He
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Thomas M. Young
- Agricultural & Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group, University of California, Davis
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ekblad M, Juárez R, Falås P, Bester K, Hagman M, Cimbritz M. Influence of operational conditions and wastewater properties on the removal of organic micropollutants through ozonation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112205. [PMID: 33621847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of operational conditions and wastewater properties on the removal of pharmaceuticals, contrast media and antibiotics through ozonation, in order to facilitate the optimization of treatment and its implementation on a full scale. Pilot-scale ozone oxidation trials were performed on treated wastewater, before and after post-precipitation, over a seven-month period, including summer and winter months. Hydraulic retention times as short as 7 min were found to be sufficient for organic micropollutant removal. A short hydraulic retention time reduces both investment costs and land use. Neither the choice of ozone dispersion method, a static mixer or a Venturi injector, nor the wastewater temperature had any significant effect on the removal efficiency of organic micropollutants, however, higher removal was achieved after on-site post-precipitation with aluminum chloride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ekblad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden; Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, SE-223 70 LUND, Sweden.
| | - R Juárez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden; Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, SE-223 70 LUND, Sweden
| | - P Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden
| | - K Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
| | - M Hagman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden
| | - M Cimbritz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wirzberger V, Klein M, Woermann M, Lutze HV, Sures B, Schmidt TC. Matrix composition during ozonation of N-containing substances may influence the acute toxicity towards Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142727. [PMID: 33129546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants reach the aquatic environment through wastewater treatment plant effluents. Ozonation, applied in wastewater treatment for micropollutants abatement, can yield transformation products (TP), which might be of ecotoxicological concern. Previous studies on TP formation were mostly performed in ultrapure water. However, the water matrix can have a substantial influence and lead to unpredictable yields of TPs with toxicological potential. In this study the acute toxicity (immobilization) of the parent substances (isoproturon and metoprolol) and also of available TPs of isoproturon, metoprolol and diclofenac towards Daphnia magna (D. magna) were investigated. Further, the acute toxicity of TP mixtures, formed during ozonation of isoproturon, metoprolol and diclofenac was evaluated in the following systems: in the presence of radical scavengers (tert-butanol and dimethyl sulfoxide) and in the presence of hypobromous acid (HOBr), a secondary oxidant in ozonation. For all tested substances and TP standards, except 2,6-dichloroaniline (EC50 1.02 mg/L (48 h)), no immobilization of D. magna was detected. Ozonated pure water and wastewater did not show an immobilization effect either. After ozonation of diclofenac in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide 95% (48 h) of the daphnids were immobile. Ozonation of parent substances, after the reaction with HOBr, showed no effect for isoproturon but a high effect on D. magna for diclofenac (95% immobilization (48 h)) and an even higher effect for metoprolol (100% immobilization (48 h)). These results emphasize that complex water matrices can influence the toxicity of TPs as shown in this study for D. magna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Wirzberger
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Michelle Klein
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Marion Woermann
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; Technical University Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Bernd Sures
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|