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Oliveira IM, Gomes IB, Simões LC, Simões M. A review of research advances on disinfection strategies for biofilm control in drinking water distribution systems. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121273. [PMID: 38359597 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The presence of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) is responsible for water quality deterioration and a possible source of public health risks. Different factors impact the biological stability of drinking water (DW) in the distribution networks, such as the presence and concentration of nutrients, water temperature, pipe material composition, hydrodynamic conditions, and levels of disinfectant residual. This review aimed to evaluate the current state of knowledge on strategies for DW biofilm disinfection through a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the literature published over the last decade. A systematic review method was performed on the 562 journal articles identified through database searching on Web of Science and Scopus, with 85 studies selected for detailed analysis. A variety of disinfectants were identified for DW biofilm control such as chlorine, chloramine, UV irradiation, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and others at a lower frequency, namely, electrolyzed water, bacteriophages, silver ions, and nanoparticles. The disinfectants can impact the microbial communities within biofilms, reduce the number of culturable cells and biofilm biomass, as well as interfere with the biofilm matrix components. The maintenance of an effective residual concentration in the water guarantees long-term prevention of biofilm formation and improves the inactivation of detached biofilm-associated opportunistic pathogens. Additionally, strategies based on multi-barrier processes by optimization of primary and secondary disinfection combined with other water treatment methods improve the control of opportunistic pathogens, reduce the chlorine-tolerance of biofilm-embedded cells, as well as decrease the corrosion rate in metal-based pipelines. Most of the studies used benchtop laboratory devices for biofilm research. Even though these devices mimic the conditions found in real DWDS, future investigations on strategies for DW biofilm control should include the validity of the promising strategies against biofilms formed in real DW networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Maria Oliveira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Bezerra Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Chaves Simões
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Zheng S, Lin T, Chen H, Zhang X, Jiang F. Impact of changes in biofilm composition response following chlorine and chloramine disinfection on nitrogenous disinfection byproduct formation and toxicity risk in drinking water distribution systems. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121331. [PMID: 38377929 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In practical drinking water treatment, chlorine and chloramine disinfection exhibit different mechanisms that affect biofilm growth. This study focused on the influence of biofilm composition changes, especially extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) fractions, on the potential formation and toxicity of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBP). Significant differences in microbial diversity and community structure were observed between the chlorine and chloramine treatments. Notably, the biofilms from the chloramine-treated group had higher microbial dominance and greater accumulation of organic precursors, as evidenced by the semi-quantitative confocal laser-scanning microscopy assay of more concentrated microbial aggregates and polysaccharide proteins in the samples. Additionally, the chloramine-treated group compared with chlorine had a higher EPS matrix content, with a 13.5 % increase in protein. Furthermore, the protein distribution within the biofilm differed; in the chlorine group, proteins were concentrated in the central region, whereas in the chloramine group, proteins were primarily located at the water-biofilm interface. Notably, functional prediction analyses of protein fractions in biofilms revealed specific functional regulation patterns and increased metabolism-related abundance of proteins in the chlorine-treated group. This increase was particularly pronounced for proteins such as dehydrogenases, reductases, transcription factors, and acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. By combining the Fukui function and density functional calculations to further analyse the effect of biofilm component changes on N-DBP production under chlorine/chloramine and by assessing the toxicity risk potential of N-DBP, it was determined that chloramine disinfection is detrimental to biofilm control and the accumulation of protein precursors has a higher formation potential of N-DBPs and toxicity risk, increasing the health risk of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyuan Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Han Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company, Suzhou 215002, China
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Chen Y, Zhang B, Zhang P, Shi G, Liang H, Cai W, Gao J, Zhuang S, Luo K, Zhu J, Chen C, Ma K, Chen J, Hu C, Xing X. Synergistic effects of trace sulfadiazine and corrosion scales on disinfection by-product formation in bulk water of cast iron pipe. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122866. [PMID: 37926409 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of trace sulfadiazine (SDZ) and cast-iron corrosion scales on the disinfection by-product (DBP) formation in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) were investigated. The results show that under the synergistic effect of trace SDZ (10 μg/L) and magnetite (Fe3O4), higher DBP concentration occurred in the bulk water with the transmission and distribution of the drinking water. Microbial metabolism-related substances, one of the important DBP precursors, increased under the SDZ/Fe3O4 condition. It was found that Fe3O4 induced a faster microbial extracellular electron transport (EET) pathway, resulting in a higher microbial regrowth activity. On the other hand, the rate of chlorine consumption was quite high, and the enhanced microbial EET based on Fe3O4 eliminated the need for microorganisms to secrete excessive extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). More importantly, EPS could be continuously secreted due to the higher microbial activity. Finally, high reactivity between EPS and chlorine disinfectant resulted in the continuous formation of DBPs, higher chlorine consumption, and lower EPS content. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the trace antibiotics polluted water sources and cast-iron corrosion scale composition in the future. This study reveals the synergistic effects of trace antibiotics and corrosion scales on the DBP formation in DWDSs, which has important theoretical significance for the DBP control of tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Boxuan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pojun Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guogui Shi
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wu Cai
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyu Gao
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sumin Zhuang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaiyin Luo
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chaoxiang Chen
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Kunyu Ma
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jinrong Chen
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xueci Xing
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Yin H, Wang H, Wang M, Shi B. The interaction between extracellular polymeric substances and corrosion products in pipes shaped different bacterial communities and the effects of micropollutants. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120822. [PMID: 37950951 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
There are growing concerns over the effects of micropollutants on biofilms formation and antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs) transmission in drinking water distribution pipes. However, there was no reports about the influence of the interaction between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and corrosion products on biofilms formation. Our results indicated that the abundance of quorum sensing (QS)-related genes, polysaccharide and amino acids biosynthesis genes of EPS was 6747-8055 TPM, 2221-2619 TPM, and 1461-1535 TPM in biofilms of cast iron pipes, respectively, which were higher than that of stainless steel pipes. The two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) analysis of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR) results indicated that polysaccharide of EPS was more easily adsorbed onto the corrosion products of cast iron pipes. Therefore, more human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) carrying ARGs were formed in biofilms of cast iron pipes. The amide I and amide II components and phosphate moieties of EPS were more susceptible to the corrosion products of stainless steel pipes. Thus, more bacteria genera carrying mobile genetic elements (MGE)-ARG were formed in biofilms of stainless steel pipes due to more abundance of QS-related genes, amino acids biosynthesis genes of EPS and the functional genes related to lipid metabolism. The enrichment of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and sulfadiazine (SUL) in corrosion products induced upregulation of QS and EPS-related genes, which promoted bacteria carrying different ARGs growth in biofilms, inducing more microbial risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zheng S, Lin T, Zhang X, Jiang F. Response mechanisms of pipe wall biofilms in water supply networks under different disinfection strategy pressures and the effect of mediating halogenated acetonitrile formation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140382. [PMID: 37806328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Residual chlorine and biofilm coexistence is inevitable in drinking water transmission and distribution networks. Understanding the microbial response and its mediated effects on disinfection byproducts under different categories of residual chlorine stress is essential to ensure water safety. The aim of our study was to determine the response of pipe wall biofilms to residual chlorine pressure in chlorine and chloramine systems and to understand the microbially mediated effects on the formation and migration of haloacetonitriles (HANs), typical nitrogenous disinfection byproducts. According to the experimental results, the biofilm response changes under pressure, with significant differences noted in morphological characteristics, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) spatial structure, bacterial diversity, and functional abundance potential. Upon incubation with residual chlorine (1.0 ± 0.2 mg/L), the biofilm biomass per unit area, EPS, community abundance, and diversity increased in the chloramine group, and the percentage of viable bacteria increased, potentially indicating that the chloramine group provides a richer variety of organic matter precursors. Compared with the chloramine group, the chlorination group exhibited increased haloacetonitrile formation potential (HANFP), with Rhodococcus (43.2%) dominating the system, whereas the prediction abundance of metabolic functions was advantageous, especially with regard to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and the biodegradation and metabolism of foreign chemicals. Under chlorine stress, pipe wall biofilms play a stronger role in mediating HAN production. It is inferred that chlorine may stimulates microbial interactions, and more metabolites (e.g., EPS) consume chlorine to protect microbial survival. EPS dominates in biofilms, in which proteins exhibit greater HANFP than polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyuan Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company, Suzhou, 215002, China
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Cao W, Hu C, Zhang P, Qiu T, Wang S, Huang G, Lyu L. Salinity-mediated water self-purification via bond network distorting of H 2O molecules on DRC-surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311920120. [PMID: 37922324 PMCID: PMC10636312 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311920120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High salinity has plagued wastewater treatment for a long time by hindering pollutant removal, thereby becoming a global challenge for water pollution control that is difficult to overcome even with massive energy consumption. Herein, we propose a novel process for rapid salinity-mediated water self-purification in a dual-reaction-centers (DRC) system with cation-π structures. In this process, local hydrogen bond networks of H2O molecules can be distorted through the mediation of salinity, thereby opening the channels for the preferential contact of pollutants on the DRC interface. As the result, the elimination rate of pollutants increased approximately 32-fold at high salinity (100 mM) without any external energy consumption. Our findings provide a novel technology for high-efficiency and low-consumption water self-purification, which is of great significance in environmental remediation and even fine chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Cao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Guohe Huang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
- Environmental Systems Engineering Program, University of Regina, Regina, SKS4S0A2, Canada
| | - Lai Lyu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
- Institute of Rural Revitalization, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
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Oliveira IM, Gomes IB, Moniz T, Simões LC, Rangel M, Simões M. Realism-based assessment of the efficacy of potassium peroxymonosulphate on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm control. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132348. [PMID: 37625295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The potential of pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate) (OXONE) to control biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) was evaluated and compared to chlorine disinfection. Mature biofilms of drinking water (DW)-isolated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were formed using a simulated DWDS with a rotating cylinder reactor (RCR). After 30 min of exposure, OXONE at 10 × minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) caused a significant 4 log reduction of biofilm culturability in comparison to the unexposed biofilms and a decrease in the number of non-damaged cells below the detection limit (4.8 log cells/cm2). The effects of free chlorine were restricted to approximately 1 log reduction in both biofilm culturability and non-damaged cells. OXONE in synthetic tap water (STW) at 25 ºC was more stable over 40 days than free chlorine in the same conditions. OXONE solution exhibited a disinfectant decrease of about 10% of the initial concentration during the first 9 days, and after this time the values remained stable. Whereas possible reaction of chlorine with inorganic and organic substances in STW contributed to free chlorine depletion of approximately 48% of the initial concentration. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy studies confirmed the presence of singlet oxygen and other free radicals during S. maltophilia disinfection with OXONE. Overall, OXONE constitutes a relevant alternative to conventional DW disinfection for effective biofilm control in DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Oliveira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês B Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Moniz
- REQUIMTE, LAQV - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 40169-007 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE, LAQV - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo de Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Chaves Simões
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Rangel
- REQUIMTE, LAQV - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo de Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Oliveira IM, Gomes IB, Plácido A, Simões LC, Eaton P, Simões M. The impact of potassium peroxymonosulphate and chlorinated cyanurates on biofilms of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: effects on biofilm control, regrowth, and mechanical properties. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:691-705. [PMID: 37811587 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2254704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The activity of two chlorinated isocyanurates (NaDCC and TCCA) and peroxymonosulphate (OXONE) was evaluated against biofilms of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, an emerging pathogen isolated from drinking water (DW), and for the prevention of biofilm regrowth. After disinfection of pre-formed 48 h-old biofilms, the culturability was reduced up to 7 log, with OXONE, TCCA, and NaDCC showing more efficiency than free chlorine against biofilms formed on stainless steel. The regrowth of biofilms previously exposed to OXONE was reduced by 5 and 4 log CFU cm-2 in comparison to the unexposed biofilms and biofilms exposed to free chlorine, respectively. Rheometry analysis showed that biofilms presented properties of viscoelastic solid materials, regardless of the treatment. OXONE reduced the cohesiveness of the biofilm, given the significant decrease in the complex shear modulus (G*). AFM analysis revealed that biofilms had a fractured appearance and smaller bacterial aggregates dispersed throughout the surface after OXONE exposure than the control sample. In general, OXONE has been demonstrated to be a promising disinfectant to control DW biofilms, with a higher activity than chlorine. The results also show the impact of the biofilm mechanical properties on the efficacy of the disinfectants in biofilm control.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Oliveira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - I B Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Plácido
- REQUIMTE/LAQV - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L C Simões
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - P Eaton
- REQUIMTE/LAQV - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- The Bridge, School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - M Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Zheng S, Lin T, Chen H, Zhang X, Jiang F. Characterization of young biofilm morphology, disinfection byproduct formation potential and toxicity of renewed water supply pipelines by phosphorus release from corroded pipes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163813. [PMID: 37121323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The deterioration of drinking water quality due to corrosion of the water supply network has become inevitable and regular renewal of pipes has become a common means of doing so. Severely corroded pipes release certain nutrients (e.g., elemental phosphorus), however, little has been reported on the effect of old pipes on the young biofilm of new pipe sections and on ensuring water safety in the early stages of the water supply. The aim of our study was to model the effect of key phosphorus nutrients released from corroded old pipes on the morphological characteristics of young biofilms in new pipe sections, mediated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) production and their combined toxicity. Based on the experimental results, phosphorus showed significant differences in the morphological characteristics, spatial structure of extracellular polymers (EPS), functional abundance, disinfection byproduct formation potential (DBPsFP) and toxicity of young biofilms. Under residual chlorine (1.0 ± 0.2 mg/L) incubation, the functional abundance of young biofilm metabolism was dominant, particularly amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. There is a dynamic balance between the trophic and shedding effects of phosphorus, where concentration changes affect young biofilm morphology and DBPFP. Relatively moderate phosphorus concentrations resulted in the highest density of PN/PS organic precursors in EPS and a clear advantage of DBPFP; relatively high phosphorus conditions had limited promotion of young biofilm, while membrane structure shedding was more pronounced, increasing young biofilm-mediated DBPs production. Nitrogen-containing disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) in young biofilms had a clear toxicity advantage, with HANs and HNMs being key to controlling cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyuan Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Han Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company, Suzhou 215002, China
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Wang F, Hu Y, Pan J, Zhou J, He C, Hofman JAMH, Chu W, van der Hoek JP. Effects of phosphate addition on the removal of disinfection by-product formation potentials by biological activated carbon filtration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163534. [PMID: 37086988 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), the widely used biological activated carbon filters (BACFs), as the last barrier before disinfection, can remove dissolved organic matter (DOM) known as precursors of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Whether phosphate addition can improve water purification and DBP control of BACFs is still controversial. This study investigated short-term and long-term effects of phosphate addition on controlling DBP formation potentials (FPs) by BACFs via column and batch experiments. The BAC columns presented good water purification performance: they removed around 50 % DOM, nearly all fulvic acid-likes and humic acid-likes as well as 5 %-70 % chlor(am)innated THM4, HAA9 and HAN4 FPs (except chloraminated THM4 FPs), which was mainly contributed by aerobic bacteria not anoxic bacteria. Phosphate addition within 7-14 days further improved removals of DOM, aromatic organics, fluorescence fractions in DOM as well as HAA9 and HAN4 FPs (especially TCAA FP and TCAN FP) to different extent. However, this improvement did not last longer, and removals of DOM, aromatic organics, two fluorescence fractions (soluble microbial byproduct-likes and humic acid-likes) and DBP FPs decreased despite long-term phosphate addition. Oxic and anoxic batch experiments showed that the positive response of water purification to short-term phosphate addition was also mainly attributed to aerobic bacteria and not to anoxic bacteria. For example, the former decreased DOM and DBP FPs, while the latter increased protein- and tryptophan-like substances as well as chloraminated THM4 FPs. Phosphate addition resulted in EPS increase in anoxic reactors and decrease in oxic reactors. These results indicated that a high dissolved oxygen in BACFs may be helpful for water purification and DBP control. Overall, short-term phosphate addition into phosphorus-limited water is beneficial for BACFs to control DBPs while long-term addition has no effect. Therefore, an intermittent phosphate addition into BACFs is suggested to control DBPs in DWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yulin Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiazheng Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chiquan He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - J A M H Hofman
- Water Innovation and Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jan Peter van der Hoek
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CN, Netherlands; Research & Innovation Program, Waternet, Amsterdam, 1069 AC, Netherlands
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11
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Dong F, Zhu J, Li J, Fu C, He G, Lin Q, Li C, Song S. The occurrence, formation and transformation of disinfection byproducts in the water distribution system: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161497. [PMID: 36634528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection is an effective process to inactivate pathogens in drinking water treatment. However, disinfection byproducts (DBPs) will inevitably form and may cause severe health concerns. Previous research has mainly focused on DBPs formation during the disinfection in water treatment plants. But few studies paid attention to the formation and transformation of DBPs in the water distribution system (WDS). The complex environment in WDS will affect the reaction between residual chlorine and organic matter to form new DBPs. This paper provides an overall review of DBPs formation and transformation in the WDS. Firstly, the occurrence of DBPs in the WDS around the world was cataloged. Secondly, the primary factors affecting the formation of DBPs in WDS have also been summarized, including secondary chlorination, pipe materials, biofilm, deposits and coexisting anions. Secondary chlorination and biofilm increased the concentration of regular DBPs (e.g., trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)) in the WDS, while Br- and I- increased the formation of brominated DBPs (Br-DBPs) and iodinated DBPs (I-DBPs), respectively. The mechanism of DBPs formation and transformation in the WDS was systematically described. Aromatic DBPs could be directly or indirectly converted to aliphatic DBPs, including ring opening, side chain breaking, chlorination, etc. Finally, the toxicity of drinking water in the WDS caused by DBPs transformation was examined. This review is conducive to improving the knowledge gap about DBPs formation and transformation in WDS to better solve water supply security problems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Dong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiani Zhu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jinzhe Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chuyun Fu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guilin He
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Qiufeng Lin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, United States
| | - Cong Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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12
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Wang L, Song S, Xu L, Graham NJD, Yu W. Beneficial role of pre- and post-ozonation in a low rate biofiltration-ultrafiltration process treating reclaimed water. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119284. [PMID: 36323208 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the combination of biological and ozone oxidation processes can achieve a greater performance in treating natural surface water than each process individually. In this work, we designed and tested an ozonation-gravity-driven up-flow slow rate (0.01 m/h) biofiltration-ozonation (O3-GUSB-O3) process for the pre-treatment of reclaimed water prior to ultrafiltration (UF), with the aim of producing high quality drinking water and a significantly reduced degree of UF fouling. Results showed that O3 coupled with GUSB can effectively remove aromatic compounds (∼ 84.8%), dissolved organic carbon (DOC, ∼ 83.4%), and biopolymers in surface water. In addition, post-ozonation greatly contributed to the reduction of the UF membrane fouling (∼ 6 times greater flux). With regard to the disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPFP) of the final treated water, both trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) were greatly reduced (86.4% and 84.8% for THMs and HAAs, respectively). The relationship between DBPFP and various spectral indexes revealed that aromatic compounds and amino acids were more likely to generate DBPs during the disinfection stage. Among these, humic substances were more likely to generate THMs, while low molecular weight carboxylate and carbonyl organic compounds were associated with the generation of HAAs. Moreover, the dosage of O3 during the post-ozonation stage was found to influence directly the generation of DBPs. Overall, this study has conducted a detailed evaluation of a novel multi-ozone biofilter UF process for treating surface water, and the results provide a valuable basis for subsequent studies at larger scale to demonstrate the potential of the treatment process for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Shian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Zheng P, Li Y, Chi Q, Cheng Y, Jiang X, Chen D, Mu Y, Shen J. Structural characteristics and microbial function of biofilm in membrane-aerated biofilm reactor for the biodegradation of volatile pyridine. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129370. [PMID: 35728312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to avoid the serious air pollution caused by the volatilization of high recalcitrant pyridine, membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) with bubble-free aeration was used in this study, with the structural characteristics and microbial function of biofilm emphasized. The results showed that as high as 0.6 kg·m-3·d-1 pyridine could be completely removed in MABR. High pyridine loading thickened the biofilm, but without obvious detachment observed. The distinct stratification of microbes and extracellular polymeric substances were shaped by elevated pyridine load, enhancing the structural heterogeneity of biofilm. The increased tryptophan-like substances as well as α-helix and β-sheet proportion in proteins stabilized the biofilm structure against high influent loading. Based on the identified intermediates, possible pyridine biodegradation pathways were proposed. Multi-omics analyses revealed that the metabolic pathways with initial hydroxylation and reduction reaction was enhanced at high pyridine loading. The functional genes were mainly associated with Pseudomonas and Delftia, might responsible for pyridine biodegradation. The results shed light on the effective treatment of wastewater containing recalcitrant pollutants such as pyridine via MABR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Qiang Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Youpeng Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xinbai Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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14
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Zeng H, Cheng Y, Repo E, Yu X, Xing X, Zhang T, Zhao X. Trace Iron as single-electron shuttle for interdependent activation of peroxydisulfate and HSO 3-/O 2 enables accelerated generation of radicals. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118935. [PMID: 35994783 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species generally requires initiators in various environmental remediation processes, which necessitates high dosage of activators and downstream treatment for eliminating the accumulation of deactivated catalysts. Herein, a coupled process was constructed using trace iron for simultaneously activating HSO3-/O2 system and peroxydisulfate (PDS) oxidation system, where the iron ions (2 mg/L) transferred single-electron from the former system to the latter due to the moderate redox potential (Fe3+/Fe2+, +0.77 V) between the potentials of SO3·-/HSO3- (+0.63 V) and PDS/SO4·- (+2.01 V). Hence, the phenol degradation quickly occurred at a first-order kinetic constant of k1=0.223 min-1 due to the accelerated generation of sulfate radical (SO4·-) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) in the process. The k1 value was almost 6-fold of that in the deoxygenated condition (0.040 min-1). Density function theory reveals that the single electron shuttle spatially separates the electron-donating activation of HSO3- and electron-accepting activation of PDS, while avoiding the "mutual-annihilation" of HSO3- and S2O82- via direct two-electron transfer. Finally, utilizing the in-situ generated electron-shuttle (dissolved iron from cast iron pipe), the HSO3-/PDS reagent could efficiently inactivate the chlorine-resistant pathogens and inhibits biofilm regrowth inside the distribution systems at regular intervals or infectious disease outbreak in a neighborhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Zeng
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Department of Separation Science, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT, Mikkeli, FI 50130, Finland
| | - Yue Cheng
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Eveliina Repo
- Department of Separation Science, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT, Mikkeli, FI 50130, Finland
| | - Xin Yu
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Xueci Xing
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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15
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Hou C, Chen L, Dong Y, Yang Y, Zhang X. Unraveling dissolved organic matter in drinking water through integrated ozonation/ceramic membrane and biological activated carbon process using FT-ICR MS. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118881. [PMID: 35907301 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The performance of an integrated process comprising coagulation, ozonation, and catalytic ceramic membrane filtration (CMF) followed by treatment with biological active carbon (BAC) was evaluated in a pilot-scale (96 m3/d) experiment to understand the biostability and quality of the finished water. The fate of dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the molecular level was explored using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Biostable finished water with an assimilable organic carbon (AOC) concentration of 30.2-45.4 µg/L was obtained by the integrated process, and the high hydraulic retention time (HRT) (≥ 45 min) of the BAC filter was necessary to provide biostable finished water. The coagulation/O3/CMF unit efficiently transformed nitrogen-containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with aromaticity and large molecular weight (Mw) (500-1000 Da) into CHO-type highly unsaturated phenolic compounds (HuPh) with less aromaticity and medium Mw (300-500 Da), which were effectively removed by subsequent BAC filtering. The main reaction was oxygen addition, followed by deamination and dealkylation of the coagulation/O3/CMF unit and decarboxylation of the BAC filter. Principal component analysis revealed that N-containing and large-Mw PAH are potential AOC precursors, and the chemical characteristics of CHO-type and medium-Mw HuPh make them AOC candidates (correlation coefficients > 0.96). This study provides insights into the management of drinking water biostability and its suitability for the practical application of the integrated coagulation/O3/CMF-BAC process in drinking water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Hou
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Chen
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yawen Dong
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yulong Yang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xihui Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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16
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Sun W, Lu Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Shi B, Wang H. Ozone and Fenton oxidation affected the bacterial community and opportunistic pathogens in biofilms and effluents from GAC. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118495. [PMID: 35489154 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration impacts pathogen colonization and bacterial communities in drinking water. However, the effects of ozone and heterogeneous Fenton oxidation on microbial community composition, in particular opportunistic pathogens (OPs), and their metabolic potential in biofilms and effluents from GAC filtration are not fully understood. The results of our pilot-scale test indicated that Fenton-GAC filtration removed more dissolved organic carbon (DOC, 1.25 mg/L) than ozone-GAC filtration (0.98 mg/L). Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) results showed that Fenton-GAC removed more tyrosine-like proteins and fulvic acid-like materials, while ozone-GAC removed more humic acid-like compounds and tryptophan-like proteins. Illumina HiSeq analysis indicated that Curvibacter and Hydrogenophaga dominated in the Fenton-GAC biofilm, while Bradyrhizobium, Aquabacterium and Limnobacter were predominant in the ozone-GAC biofilm. Functional prediction suggested that the microbial functional gene related to glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (the pathway for carbohydrate metabolism) was higher in the Fenton-GAC biofilm, resulting in higher contents of protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the Fenton-GAC biofilm. Therefore, there were fewer bacteria that detached from the biofilm into the water during the Fenton-GAC filtration process. The lower EPS content in the effluents from Fenton-GAC resulted in bacteria, including OPs, being easier to remove by chlorine. However, ozone oxidation removed more bacteria, including different OPs, than Fenton oxidation, which contributed to fewer bacteria and OPs in the effluents from ozone-GAC. Overall, our results provide a Fenton-GAC treatment process to remove DOC and control OPs in drinking water systems, the cost of which was comparable to that of ozone-GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhili Lu
- Institute of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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17
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Huo L, Zhao S, Shi B, Wang H, He S. Bacterial community change and antibiotic resistance promotion after exposure to sulfadiazine and the role of UV/H 2O 2-GAC treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131214. [PMID: 34147982 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effects of sulfadiazine on bacterial community and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) were investigated in this study. Three DWDSs, including sand filtered (SF) DWDSs, granular active carbon (GAC) filtration DWDSs, and UV/H2O2-GAC DWDSs, were used to deliver sand filtered water, GAC filtered water, and UV/H2O2-GAC treated water, respectively. UV/H2O2-GAC filtration can remove the dissolved organic matter effectively, which resulted in the lowest bacterial diversity, biomass and ARGs in effluents and biofilm of DWDSs. When sulfadiazine was added to the sand filtered water, the dehydrogenase concentration and bacterial activity of bacterial community increased in effluents and biofilm of different DWDSs, inducing more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production. The proteins increasement percentage was 26.9%, 11.7% and 19.1% in biofilm of three DWDSs, respectively. And the proteins increased to 830.30 ± 20.56 μg cm-2, 687.04 ± 18.65 μg cm-2 and 586.07 ± 16.24 μg cm-2, respectively. The increase of EPS promoted biofilm formation and increased the chlorine-resistance capability of bacteria. Therefore, the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 increased to 12.22%, 10.41% and 0.33% in biofilm of the three DWDSs, respectively. Candidatus_Odyssella also increased in the effluents and biofilm of the three DWDSs. These antibiotic resistance bacteria increase in DWDSs also induced the ARGs promotion, including sul1, sul2, sul3, mexA and class 1 integrons (int1). However, UV/H2O2-GAC filtration induced the lowest increase of dehydrogenase and EPS production through sulfadiazine removal efficiently, resulting in the least bacterial community change and ARGs promotion in UV/H2O2-GAC DWDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Shehang Zhao
- Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Shouyang He
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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18
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Lu X, Xu W, Liu C, Zhao Q, Ye Z. Insight into the role of extracellular polymeric substances in denitrifying biofilms under nitrobenzene exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112539. [PMID: 34311425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Denitrifying biofilm promises to be very useful for remediation of nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) and nitrates in wastewater. Little is known about the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in nitrobenzene (NB, a typical NAC) remediation, despite the indispensability of EPS for biofilm formation. Herein, the significance of the mechanistic role of EPS in the response of denitrifying biofilms to various levels of NB was investigated. The removal of NB was predominantly controlled via absorption, with little biodegradation during the short-term exposure. Specifically, NB was adsorbed by EPS, as shown by a total adsorption of 40.06% at the initial step, which declined to around 10.52% in the equilibrium stage, while sorption via cells gradually increased from 59.93% to 89.47% over the same period. The results suggested that EPS might act as an important reservoir for NB, which endows inner cells with increased adsorption ability. The presence of EPS might also alleviate the negative impacts of NB toxicity on inner cells, thus protecting microorganisms. This was indicated by the difference in denitrification performance and cell integrity between intact and EPS-free biofilms. High-throughput sequencing data demonstrated that EPS could maintain the stability of microbial communities under NB stress. The fluorescence quenching analysis further indicated that EPS formed stable complexes with NB mainly through hydrophobic interactions with protein-like fractions (tryptophan and tyrosine). Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified that the hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, and phosphate groups of EPS were the candidate functional groups binding with NB. Protein secondary structures were also significantly affected, resulting in a loose structure and enhanced hydrophobic performance for EPS. These results provide insights into the role of EPS in alleviating NB-caused cellular stress and the underlying binding mechanisms between NB and EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, Beijing 10088, China
| | - Quanlin Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengfang Ye
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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19
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The role of Acanthamoeba spp. in biofilm communities: a systematic review. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2717-2729. [PMID: 34292376 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba spp. have always caused disease in immunosuppressed patients, but since 1986, they have become a worldwide public health issue by causing infection in healthy contact lens wearers. Amoebae of the Acanthamoeba genus are broadly distributed in nature, living either freely or as parasites, and are frequently associated with biofilms throughout the environment. These biofilms provide the parasite with protection against external aggression, thus favoring its increased pathogeny. This review aims to assess observational studies on the association between Acanthamoeba spp. and biofilms, opening potential lines of research on this severe ocular infection. A systematic literature search was conducted in May 2020 in the following databases: PubMed Central®/Medline, LILACS, The Cochrane Library, and EMBASE®. The studies were selected following the inclusion and exclusion criteria specifically defined for this review. Electronic research recovered 353 publications in the literature. However, none of the studies met the inclusion criterion of biofilm-producing Acanthamoeba spp., inferring that the parasite does not produce biofilms. Nonetheless, 78 studies were classified as potentially included regarding any association of Acanthamoeba spp. and biofilms. These studies were allocated across six different locations (hospital, aquatic, ophthalmic and dental environments, biofilms produced by bacteria, and other places). Acanthamoeba species use biofilms produced by other microorganisms for their benefit, in addition to them providing protection to and facilitating the dissemination of pathogens residing in them.
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Xing X, Li T, Bi Z, Qi P, Li Z, Chen Y, Zhou H, Wang H, Xu G, Chen C, Ma K, Hu C. Destruction of microbial stability in drinking water distribution systems by trace phosphorus polluted water source. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130032. [PMID: 33652278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of trace phosphate concentrations (0, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/L) in water source were investigated on microbial stability of the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). Obviously, the results verified that in the effluent of DWDSs simulated by annular reactors (ARs), the total microbial biomass and the absolute concentration of opportunistic pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, and Hartmanella vermiformis increased significantly with phosphate concentration increasing. Based on X-ray powder diffractometer and zeta potentials measurement, trace phosphate did change physicochemical properties of corrosion products, hence promoting microbes escape from corrosion products to bulk water to a certain extent. Stimulated by chlorine disinfectant and phosphate, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from the suspended biofilms of AR-0.6 gradually exhibited superior characteristics including higher content, flocculating efficiency, hydrophobicity and tightness degree, contributing to formation of large-scale suspended biofilms with strong chlorine-resistance ability. However, the disinfection by-products concentration in DWDSs barely changed due to the balance of EPS precursors contribution and biodegradation effect, covering up the microbiological water quality risk. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the trace phosphorus polluted water source though its concentration was much lower than wastewater. This is the first study successfully revealing the influence mechanism of trace phosphate on microbial stability in DWDSs, which may help to fully understand the biofilms transformation and microbial community succession in DWDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueci Xing
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhihao Bi
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peng Qi
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Youyi Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huishan Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Chaoxiang Chen
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Kunyu Ma
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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21
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Cao W, Luo Y, Cai X, Wang S, Hu C, Lyu L. π-π conjugation driving peroxymonosulfate activation for pollutant elimination over metal-free graphitized polyimide surface. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125191. [PMID: 33556855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel metal-free catalyst consisting of typical flower-like graphitized polyimide (g-PI) is first synthesized via an enhanced hydrothermal polymerization process, and it exhibits excellent performance for pollutant removal through peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation over a wide pH range (3-11). The catalyst is especially effective for attacking the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), which can be completely degraded in a short time. Based on the results of characterization, g-PI is consisted of abundant aromatic frameworks with π conjugates based on C-O-C linkages and N-hybrid rings, which play essential roles in the subsequent degradation of pollutants. In the g-PI/PMS/BPA system, BPA (rich in π bonds) is preferentially adsorbed to the catalyst surface through π-π interactions, accompanied by a decrease in its activation energy to produce surface-adsorbed BPA*. This species can be directly attacked and degraded by PMS without the need for the radical processes, which saves the energy required for the intermediate activation process of PMS. On the other hand, the electrons obtained from pollutants are rapidly transferred to the O center, driving PMS activation to generate free radicals. The synergetic interface process offers excellent potential for practical wastewater purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Cao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongxiang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuanying Cai
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lai Lyu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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22
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Ekundayo TC, Igwaran A, Oluwafemi YD, Okoh AI. Global bibliometric meta-analytic assessment of research trends on microbial chlorine resistance in drinking water/water treatment systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111641. [PMID: 33221673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine is the commonest and cheapest disinfectant used in drinking water and wastewater treatment at household, municipal and industrial levels. However, the uprising of microbial chlorine resistance (MCR) pose critical public health hazard concerns; because, its potentiate exposure to difficult-to-treat resistant pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the burden of MCR in drinking water/wastewater treatment and distribution systems (DWWTDS) via science mapping of research productivity (authors, countries, institutions), thematic conceptual framework, disciplines, research networks and associated intellectual landscape. MCR data were mined from Scopus and Web of Science based on optimized algorithms with the root key term "chlorine* resistant*'' and analysed for pre-set indicator variables. Results revealed 1127 documents from 442 journals and 1430% average growth rate (AGR) of research articles from 2017 to 2019 on MCR. Country-wise, the USA (n = 299), China (n = 119), and Japan (n = 43) ranked in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd positions respectively, among the top participating countries in MCR research. MCR research had considerable performance in public health and sustainable concern subjects namely, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Engineering, Microbiology, Water Resources, Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology, Food Science & Technology, Public, Environ & Occupational Health, Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Marine & Freshwater Biology; and with noticeable AGR in Environmental Sciences & Ecology (330%) and Infectious Diseases (130%). The study found biofilm-related thrusts (n = 90, 270% AGR) as main research hotspots on MCR. Overall, the study identified and discussed four important thematic areas of public health challenges in MCR that could promote increasing waterborne diseases due to (re)emerging pathogens, enteric viruses and dissemination in DWWTDS. In conclusion, this study provides comprehensive overview of the growing burden of MCR in DWWTDS and standout as a primer of information for researchers on MCR. It recommends direct, intentional and integrated research priorities on MCR to overcome accompanying public health and environmental threats. In addition, chlorine resistance in waterborne fungi have not received research attention. Research activities related to fungal chlorine resistance will be an invaluable future direction in DWWTDS and guide against exposure to waterborne pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins. It is unknown whether chlorine resistance can be acquired by horizontal gene transfer in microorganisms and future research should elucidate this important thrust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope C Ekundayo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City PMB 536, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Aboi Igwaran
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Yinka D Oluwafemi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City PMB 536, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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23
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Xing X, Li T, Bi Z, Qi P, Li Z, Wang H, Lyu L, Gao Y, Hu C. Enhancing inhibition of disinfection byproducts formation and opportunistic pathogens growth during drinking water distribution by Fe 2O 3/Coconut shell activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115838. [PMID: 33099195 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of biological activated carbon treatment using Fe2O3 modified coconut shell-based activated carbon (Fe/CAC) were investigated on the occurrence of opportunistic pathogens (OPs) and formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in simulated drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) with unmodified CAC as a reference. In the effluent of annular reactor (AR) with Fe/CAC, the OPs growth and DBPs formation were inhibited greatly. Based on the differential pulse voltammetry and dehydrogenase activity tests, it was verified that extracellular electron transfer was enhanced in the attached biofilms of Fe/CAC, hence improving the microbial metabolic activity and biological removal of organic matter especially DBPs precursors. Meanwhile, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the surface of Fe/CAC exhibited stronger viscosity, higher flocculating efficiency and better mechanical stability, avoiding bacteria or small-scale biofilms falling off into the water. Consequently, the microbial biomass and EPS substances amount decreased markedly in the effluent of Fe/CAC filter. More importantly, Fe/CAC did significantly enhance the shaping role on microbial community of downstream DWDSs, continuously excluding OPs advantage and inhibiting EPS production. The weakening of EPS in DWDSs resulted in decrease of microbial chlorine-resistance ability and EPS-derived DBPs precursors supply. Therefore, the deterioration of water quality in DWDSs was inhibited greatly, sustainably maintaining the safety of tap water. Our findings indicated that optimizing biological activated carbon treatment by interface modification is a promising method for improving water quality in DWDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueci Xing
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhihao Bi
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peng Qi
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lai Lyu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaowen Gao
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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24
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Saeed A, Murshed MN, Al-Shahari EA. Effect of low-dose fast neutrons on the protein components of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of whole-body irradiated Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40443-40455. [PMID: 32666461 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is exposed to extremely low doses of neutrons under different circumstances, such as through exposure to cosmic rays, nuclear accidents, and neutron therapy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are the primary immune cells that exhibit selective immune responses. Changes in the functions of the protein components of PBMC can be induced by structural modifications of these proteins themselves. Herein, we have investigated the effect of low-dose fast neutrons on PBMC proteins at 0, 2, 4, and 8 days post-whole body irradiation. 64 Wistar rats were used in this study of which, 32 were exposed to fast neutrons at a total dose of 10 mGy (241Am-Be, 0.2 mGy/h), and the other 32 were used as controls. Blood samples were drawn, and PBMCs were isolated from whole blood. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to estimate the changes in the proteins of PBMCs. An alkaline comet assay was performed to assess DNA damage. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were utilized to discriminate between irradiated and non-irradiated samples. FTIR and fluorescence spectra of the tested samples revealed alterations in the amides and tryptophan, and therefore protein structure at time intervals of 2 and 4 days post-irradiation. No changes were recorded in samples tested at time intervals of 0 and 8 days post-irradiation. The FTIR band intensities of the PBMC proteins of the irradiated samples decreased slightly and were statistically significant. Curve fitting of the amide I band in the FTIR spectra showed changes in the secondary structure of the proteins. At 2 days post-irradiation, fluorescence spectra of the tested samples revealed decreases in the band tryptophan. The comet assay revealed low levels of DNA damage. In conclusion, low-dose fast neutrons can affect the proteins of PBMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdu Saeed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Physics, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen.
| | - Mohammad N Murshed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Mohayel Aser, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Eman Abdulqader Al-Shahari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Mohayel Aser, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
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25
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Chen J, Li W, Zhang J, Qi W, Li Y, Chen S, Zhou W. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in drinking water and biofilms: The correlation with the microbial community and opportunistic pathogens. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127483. [PMID: 32634723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and opportunistic pathogens (OPs) in drinking water system posed potential risks to human health. However, the occurrence of ARGs and OPs in drinking water biofilms is still at its infancy. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of ARGs and OPs in both water and biofilm samples from a drinking water system, and the correlation between ARGs and microbial communities was analyzed. The quantitative PCR results showed that the drinking water treatment process effectively decreased the absolute abundances of ARGs. However, the relative concentration of ARGs did not show a significant difference between raw water and treated water samples. Compared with bulk water and tap water samples, biofilms had higher relative abundances of ARGs. 16 S Illumina Miseq sequencing results showed that microbial communities of biofilms were distinguished with water samples. Meanwhile, qPCR results of OPs also showed that biofilms had higher relative abundances of OPs compared with water samples. Furthermore, the Spearman correlation analysis indicated that Dechloromonas, Desulfovibrio, Methylobacterium and Propionivibrio correlated well with the relative abundance of ARGs. The absolute concentrations of OPs and ARGs also showed a significant correlation. Results of this study suggest that biofilms could serve as the reservoirs for the spread of ARGs and the interaction between biofilms and bulk water requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weiying Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wanqi Qi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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26
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Del Olmo G, Ahmad A, Jensen H, Karunakaran E, Rosales E, Calero Preciado C, Gaskin P, Douterelo I. Influence of phosphate dosing on biofilms development on lead in chlorinated drinking water bioreactors. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:43. [PMID: 33097725 PMCID: PMC7585443 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-00152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate dosing is used by water utilities to prevent plumbosolvency in water supply networks. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding biofilm formation on lead and plastic materials when phosphate concentrations are modified in drinking water systems. In this study, biofilms were grown over lead coupons and PVC tubes in bioreactors supplied with local drinking water treated to provide different phosphate doses (below 1, 1 and 2 mg/L) over a period of 28 days. A range of commercial iron pellets (GEH104 and WARP) were tested aiming to maintain phosphate levels below the average 1 mg/L found in drinking water. Changes in biofilm community structure in response to three different phosphate treatments were characterised by Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS2 gene for fungi. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualise physical differences in biofilm development in two types of materials, lead and PVC. The experimental results from the kinetics of phosphate absorption showed that the GEH104 pellets were the best option to, in the long term, reduce phosphate levels while preventing undesirable turbidity increases in drinking water. Phosphate-enrichment promoted a reduction of bacterial diversity but increased that of fungi in biofilms. Overall, higher phosphate levels selected for microorganisms with enhanced capabilities related to phosphorus metabolism and heavy metal resistance. This research brings new insights regarding the influence of different phosphate concentrations on mixed-species biofilms formation and drinking water quality, which are relevant to inform best management practices in drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Del Olmo
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Arslan Ahmad
- KWR Water Cycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433, PE, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henriette Jensen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Esther Karunakaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Esther Rosales
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Isabel Douterelo
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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27
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Liu X, Hu JY. Effect of DNA sizes and reactive oxygen species on degradation of sulphonamide resistance sul1 genes by combined UV/free chlorine processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122283. [PMID: 32086093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been characterized as an emerging environmental contaminant, as the spread of ARGs may increase the difficulty of bacterial infection treatments. This study evaluates the combination of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and chlorination, the two most commonly applied disinfection methods, on the degradation of sulphonamide resistance sul1 genes. The results revealed that although both of individual UV and chlorination processes were relatively less effective, two of the four combined processes, namely UV followed by chlorination (UV-Cl2) and simultaneous combination of UV and chlorination (UV/Cl2), delivered a better removal rate (up to 1.5 logs) with an observation of synergetic effects up to 0.609 log. The mechanisms analysis found that the difference of DNA size affected sul1 genes degradation by UV and chlorination; targeted genes on larger DNA fragments could be more effectively degraded by UV (1.09 logs for large fragments and 0.12 log for small fragments when UV dose reached 432 mJ/cm2), while to degrade ARGs on smaller DNA fragments required less free chlorine dosage (10 mg/L for small fragments and 40 mg/L for large fragments). The sequential combination of UV and chlorination (UV-Cl2) used the corresponding reactivity of both processes, which could be the reason for the synergetic effect. For UV/Cl2 process, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributed to the synergetic effect. Scavenger analysis showed that the contribution of ROS to the sul1 gene reduction was 0.004 to 0.273 log (up to 45.5 % of the total synergy values), and among the two major reactive species in UV/Cl2 system, HO was the more important radical, while the contribution of Cl was negligible. Besides, UV/Cl2 process also used the corresponding reactivity of both processes to generate the remaining synergy values when excluding the contribution by reactive radicals. These findings provide a thorough understanding of the effects of UV and free chlorine on the degradation of ARGs and indicate the potential to utilize the combined processes of UV and free chlorine in water or wastewater treatment practice to control the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Jiang Yong Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
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28
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Xing X, Li T, Bi Z, Qi P, Li Z, Wang H, Lyu L, Gao Y, Hu C. Efficient removal of disinfection by-products precursors and inhibition of bacterial detachment by strong interaction of EPS with coconut shell activated carbon in ozone/biofiltration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122077. [PMID: 32172068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The change of water quality was investigated in pilot-scale ozone-biological activated carbon (O3-BAC) filters using an emerging coconut shell-based granular activated carbon (CAC) or traditional granular activated carbon (GAC), respectively. More dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and disinfection by-products (DBPs) precursors were removed, meanwhile, less microbes, less metabolites and smaller microbial clusters were detected in the effluent of CAC compared with GAC. Sequentially, lower DBPs formation and higher disinfection efficiency were achieved in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). Furthermore, it was observed that extracellular electron transfer was enhanced in the attached biofilms of CAC, hence improving the microbial metabolic activity and biological removal of DOC. The results were attributed to the strong interaction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with highly graphitized CAC. In addition, CAC resulted in totally different EPS in attached biofilms with superior characteristics including stronger viscosity, higher flocculating efficiency, mechanical stability and numerous binding sites for bacterial cells. Consequently, a wide range of compact interconnected biofilms formed on the surface of CAC and exhibited certain binding effect for microbial flocs and metabolites. Therefore, CAC resulted in higher microbial metabolic activity and lower release of microbes and metabolites, which was beneficial to maintain water quality safety in downstream DWDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueci Xing
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhihao Bi
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peng Qi
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lai Lyu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaowen Gao
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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29
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Noh JH, Yoo SH, Son H, Fish KE, Douterelo I, Maeng SK. Effects of phosphate and hydrogen peroxide on the performance of a biological activated carbon filter for enhanced biofiltration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:121778. [PMID: 31818662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation on biofilters can influence their hydraulic performance, thereby leading to head loss and an increase in energy use and costs for water utilities. The effects of a range of factors, including hydrogen peroxide and phosphate, on the performance of biological activated carbon (BAC) and biofilm formation were investigated using laboratory-scale columns. Head loss, total carbohydrates, and proteins were reduced in the nutrient-enhanced, oxidant-enhanced, and nutrient + oxidant-enhanced BAC filters. However, there were no changes in the removal of dissolved organic matter, trihalomethane formation potential, or selected trace organic contaminants. The biofilm formation on polyvinyl chloride and stainless steel coupons using the laboratory biofilm reactor system was lower when the effluent from a nutrient-enhanced column was used, which indicated that there was less biofilm formation in the distribution systems. This may have been because the effluent from the nutrient-enhanced column was more biologically stable. Therefore, enhanced biofiltration could be used not only to reduce head loss in biofilters, but also to delay biofilm formation in distribution systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyung Noh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Hee Yoo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Son
- Busan Water Quality Institute, Busan Water Authority, Busan, 50804, Republic of Korea
| | - Katherine E Fish
- Pennine Water Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Douterelo
- Pennine Water Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Carlson KM, Boczek LA, Chae S, Ryu H. Legionellosis and Recent Advances in Technologies for Legionella Control in Premise Plumbing Systems: A Review. WATER 2020; 12:1-676. [PMID: 32704396 PMCID: PMC7377215 DOI: 10.3390/w12030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses Legionella, among the most prolific and publicly well-known waterborne pathogens, and advances in potential treatment technologies. The number of cases associated with Legionella continues to rise, as does its public awareness. Currently, cases associated with premise plumbing account for the largest number of legionellosis cases in the United States. So, while it is important to understand Legionella as such, it is also important to investigate how to treat drinking water in premise plumbing for Legionella and other waterborne pathogens. While there are currently several methods recognized as potential means of inactivating waterborne pathogens, several shortcomings continue to plague its implementation. These methods are generally of two types. Firstly, there are chemical treatments such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide, monochloramine, ozone, and copper-silver ionization. Secondly, there are physical treatments such as thermal inactivation and media filtration. Their shortcomings range from being labor-intensive and costly to having negative health effects if not properly operated. Recently developed technologies including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation using light emitting diodes (LEDs) and innovative carbon nanotube (CNT) filters can better control waterborne pathogens by allowing for the simultaneous use of different treatment measures in plumbing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie M. Carlson
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Laura A. Boczek
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Soryong Chae
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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Pandiselvam R, Kaavya R, Jayanath Y, Veenuttranon K, Lueprasitsakul P, Divya V, Kothakota A, Ramesh S. Ozone as a novel emerging technology for the dissipation of pesticide residues in foods–a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Herath BS, Sathasivan A. The chloramine stress induces the production of chloramine decaying proteins by microbes in biomass (biofilm). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124526. [PMID: 31466002 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, for the first time, we show in chloraminated systems, the chloramine decaying proteins (CDP) play an important role in bulk water and biomass (biofilm) in resisting disinfectant. Extracellular polymeric substances in biofilm/biomass are known to protect microbes from disinfectants and toxic materials, but the exact mechanism(s) is/are not known. Starting with the seed from a nitrifying chloraminated reactor, two 5 L reactors were fed intermittently with either chloramine or ammonia containing nutrient solution. The degree of nitrification increased with time in both reactors despite an increase in soluble CDP in the chloraminated reactor, while soluble CDP decreased in the ammoniated one. The suspended biomass collected after eight months of operation from chloraminated reactor contained CDP and responded to short-term chloramine stress (1.5 h with initial 1.5 mg-Cl2·L-1) by the additional production of soluble CDP. The suspended biomass from ammoniated reactor neither contained CDP nor produced soluble CDP as a stress response. The production, release and accumulation of CDP in biomass (biofilm) could be one of several mechanisms microbes use to defend against disinfectants (stress). The new understanding will pave the way for better disinfection management and better design of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagya S Herath
- School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, NSW, 2747, Australia
| | - Arumugam Sathasivan
- School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, NSW, 2747, Australia.
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Ma X, Li G, Chen R, Yu Y, Tao H, Zhang G, Shi B. Revealing the changes of bacterial community from water source to consumers tap: A full-scale investigation in eastern city of China. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 87:331-340. [PMID: 31791506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study profiled the bacterial community variations of water from four water treatment systems, including coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, ozonation-biological activated carbon filtration (O3-BAC), disinfection, and the tap water after the distribution process in eastern China. The results showed that different water treatment processes affected the bacterial community structure in different ways. The traditional treatment processes, including coagulation, sedimentation and sand filtration, reduced the total bacterial count, while they had little effect on the bacterial community structure in the treated water (before disinfection). Compared to the traditional treatment process, O3-BAC reduced the relative abundance of Sphingomonas in the finished water. In addition, ozonation may play a role in reducing the relative abundance of Mycobacterium. NaClO and ClO2 had different effects on the bacterial community in the finished water. The relative abundance of some bacteria (e.g. Flavobacterium, Phreatobacter and Porphyrobacter) increased in the finished water after ClO2 disinfection. The relative abundance of Mycobacterium and Legionella, which have been widely reported as waterborne opportunistic pathogens, increased after NaClO disinfection. In addition, some microorganisms proliferated and grew in the distribution system, which could lead to turbidity increases in the tap water. Compared to those in the finished water, the relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Hyphomicrobium, Phreatobacter, Rheinheimera, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter increased in the tap water disinfected with NaClO, while the relative abundance of Mycobacterium increased in the tap water disinfected with ClO2. Overall, this study provided the detailed variation in the bacterial community in the drinking water system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ma
- School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Guiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Tao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Chen L, Ling F, Bakker G, Liu WT, Medema G, van der Meer W, Liu G. Assessing the transition effects in a drinking water distribution system caused by changing supply water quality: an indirect approach by characterizing suspended solids. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 168:115159. [PMID: 31614234 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, it is common that the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) may be subjected to changes of supply water quality due to the needs of upgrading the treatment processes or switching the source water. However, the potential impacts of quality changed supply water on the stabilized ecological niches within DWDSs and the associated water quality deterioration risks were poorly documented. In the present study, such transition effects caused by changing the supply water quality that resulted from destabilization of biofilm and loose deposits in DWDS were investigated by analyzing the physiochemical and microbiological characteristics of suspended particles before (T0), during (T3-weeks) and after upgrading the treatments (T6-months) in an unchlorinated DWDS in the Netherlands. Our results demonstrated that after 6 months' time the upgraded treatments significantly improved the water quality. Remarkably, water quality deterioration was observed at the initial stage when the quality-improved treated water distributed into the network at T3-weeks, observed as a spike of total suspended solids (TSS, 50-260%), active biomass (ATP, 95-230%) and inorganic elements (e.g. Mn, 130-250%). Furthermore, pyrosequencing results revealed sharp differences in microbial community composition and structure for the bacteria associated with suspended particles between T0 and T3-weeks, which re-stabilized after 6 months at T6-months. The successful capture of transition effects was especially confirmed by the domination of Nitrospira spp. and Polaromonas spp. in the distribution system at T3-weeks, which were detected at rather low relative abundance at treatment plant. Though the transitional effects were captured, this study shows that the introduction of softening and additional filtration did not have an effect on the water quality for the consumer which improved considerably after 6-months' period. The methodology of monitoring suspended particles with MuPFiSs and additional analysis is capable of detecting transitional effects by monitoring the dynamics of suspended particles and its physiochemical and microbiological composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Fangqiong Ling
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Geo Bakker
- Vitens N.V., P.O. Box 1205, 8001, BE, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Wen-Tso Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Gertjan Medema
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430, BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Walter van der Meer
- Oasen Water Company, PO BOX 122, 2800, AC, Gouda, the Netherlands; Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, the Netherlands.
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Occurrence and Succession of Bacterial Community in O 3/BAC Process of Drinking Water Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173112. [PMID: 31461864 PMCID: PMC6747196 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the drinking water industry, a common advanced treatment process is comprised of treatment with ozone, followed by biological-activated carbon (O3/BAC). However, the bacterial community formation and succession procedures associated with activated carbon have rarely been reported. In this study, the dynamics of bacterial communities at three different depths were investigated using a pilot-scale O3/BAC filter. The average chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), turbidity removal and dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption rate of the filter were 26.43%, 16.57% and 16.4% during the operation period, respectively. Bacterial communities dominated by proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes attached on activated carbon were determined by polymerase chain reaction-density gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the compositions and structures of bacterial communities in different layers clustered after fluctuation. A redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that Ramlibacter henchirensis was positively correlated to chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) removal and nitrate-N removal, and Georgfuchsia toluolica also showed a positive correlation with CODMn removal. Aquabacterium parvum and Phaeobacterium nitratireducens were positively-correlated with turbidity removal. Pedobacter glucosidilyticus and Pseudomonas sp. were associated with high dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption. These results provide insight into the succession characteristics of the bacterial community of O3/BAC treatment and the interactions of the bacterial community with filter operation performance.
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Ma B, Li Z, Wang S, Liu Z, Li S, She Z, Yu N, Zhao C, Jin C, Zhao Y, Guo L, Gao M. Insights into the effect of nickel (Ni(II)) on the performance, microbial enzymatic activity and extracellular polymeric substances of activated sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:81-89. [PMID: 31071636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The performance, nitrogen removal rate, microbial enzymatic activity and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge were assessed under nickel (Ni(II)) stress. The organic matter and NH4+-N removal efficiencies were stable at less than 10 mg/L Ni(II) and subsequently decreased with the increment of Ni(II) concentration from 10 to 30 mg/L. The specific oxygen uptake rate and dehydrogenase activity kept stable at less than 5 mg/L Ni(II) and then declined at 5-30 mg/L Ni(II). Both specific ammonia-oxidizing rate (SAOR) and specific nitrite-oxidizing rate (SNOR) decreased with the increment of Ni(II) concentration. The changing trends of ammonia monooxygenase and nitrite oxidoreductase activities were matched those of SAOR and SNOR, respectively. The nitrite-reducing rate and nitrate-reducing rate illustrated a similar variation tendency to the nitrite reductase activity and nitrate reductase activity, respectively. Ni(II) impacted on the production, chemical composition and functional group of EPS. The relation between the sludge volume index and the EPS production exhibited a better linear function with a negative slope, demonstrating that Ni(II) improved the sludge settleability despite of the increase of EPS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Ma
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaozhe Liu
- Qingjian International Group Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zonglian She
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Naling Yu
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Changkun Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Fang F, Xu RZ, Wang SN, Zhang LL, Huang YQ, Luo JY, Feng Q, Cao JS. Characterization of interactions between a metabolic uncoupler O-chlorophenol and extracellular polymeric substances of activated sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:1020-1027. [PMID: 30823330 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic uncouplers are widely used for the in-situ reduction of excess sludge from activated sludge systems. However, the interaction mechanism between the metabolic uncouplers and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge is unknown yet. In this study, the interactions between a typical metabolic uncoupler, o-chlorophenol (oCP), and the EPS extracted from activated sludge were explored using a suite of spectral methods. The binding constants calculated for the four peaks of three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence were in a range of 1.24-1.76 × 103 L/mol, implying that the tyrosine protein-like substances governed the oCP-EPS interactions. Furthermore, the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that the carboxyl, carbonyl, amine, and hydroxyl groups of EPS were the main functional groups involved in the formation of the oCP-EPS complex. The results of this study are useful for understanding the interactions between metabolic uncouplers and the EPS of activated sludge as well as their fates in biological wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Run-Ze Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Su-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jing-Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jia-Shun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Wan Y, Huang X, Shi B, Shi J, Hao H. Reduction of organic matter and disinfection byproducts formation potential by titanium, aluminum and ferric salts coagulation for micro-polluted source water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:28-35. [PMID: 30528970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Typical Chinese source water has high content of low molecular weight and aromatic protein-like organic matter which is difficult to remove and poses a great challenge to conventional coagulation/flocculation. To investigate coagulation performance of this typical water, this research focused on organic matter removal characteristics and the associated disinfection byproducts formation potentials (DBPFPs) during the coagulation process by titanium salts compared with traditional aluminum and ferric salts. Results showed that based on the dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal, the optimal coagulant dosages of AlCl3, FeCl3 and TiCl4 were 0.5 mM and the optimal initial pH values were 8, indicating that the DOM in the typical Chinese water could be effectively removed through sweeping and adsorption by metal hydroxides rather than the complexation and charge neutralization effect under acidic conditions. Compared these three coagulants, the highest ultra violet absorbance at 254 nm removal rate of 72.9% was achieved by TiCl4. The three-dimensional excitation emission matrix results showed that the removal ability of humic acids by AlCl3 was poorer than FeCl3 and TiCl4. The removal rate of low molecular weight components (1600 Da) by TiCl4 was 20% higher than using AlCl3 and 14% higher than FeCl3. Comparing with AlCl3 and FeCl3, TiCl4 had a better performance on the control of DBPFPs, especially for chloroform and dichloroacetic acid, due to its higher removal ability of aromatic organics. The trihalomethane formation potentials removal rate by TiCl4 was three times higher than that by AlCl3 and twice by FeCl3, by which could be inferred that titanium salts achieved better removal of low molecular weight organic matter than aluminum and ferric salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Textiles, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jian Shi
- School of Textiles, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China; Analysis & Testing Center, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Haotian Hao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Gonzalez‐Rivas N, Reyes‐Pérez H, Barrera‐Díaz CE. Recent Advances in Water and Wastewater Electrodisinfection. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Gonzalez‐Rivas
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química SustentableUAEM-UNAM Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 14.5, Campus San Cayetano, C. P. 50200 Toluca México
| | - Horacio Reyes‐Pérez
- División de Ingeniería QuímicaTecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Jocotitlán Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 44.8, Ejido de San Juan y San Agustin Jocotitlán, Edo. México
| | - Carlos E. Barrera‐Díaz
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química SustentableUAEM-UNAM Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 14.5, Campus San Cayetano, C. P. 50200 Toluca México
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