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Zhou Y, Wan X, Lei M, Chen T. Arsenic release during groundwater recharge and effects of coexisting ions in a typical inland basin with high arsenic concentration: Modeling and batch experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175359. [PMID: 39122042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater recharge is a viable solution to groundwater overexploitation. However, the injection of recharge water may break the dissolution balance and induce the release of trace elements especially arsenic (As), which has been identified in river deltas. Only a few studies have been conducted in inland basins with high As concentration, high pH, and low Eh. Aiming to analyze As release with groundwater recharge in inland high-As regions and determine the effects of coexisting ions in recharge water, this study established PHase Equilibria Calculation (PHREEQC) models using rainwater and groundwater data from three inland sedimentary basins with slow groundwater flow in semi-arid regions. The simulations fitted with the batch experiments, achieving an R-squared (R2) of 0.98. The coexisting ions in the recharge water significantly affected As release during recharge. Ca2+ inhibited the release of total arsenic (Total-As) by increasing the surface charge of iron oxides. NO3- inhibited Total-As release by promoting the conversion of trivalent As into pentavalent As. Conversely, HCO3- facilitated As release by competing with arsenate for adsorption sites. On the basis of the modeling and batch experiment results, Total-As release with groundwater recharge was predicted. The results indicated that the high Ca2+ concentration in the recharge water inhibited the As release by 83.5 %, which can be used as a strategy to control As release during groundwater recharge in high-As inland basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Zhou
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Wan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Shakhawat MK, Gelda RK, Moore KE, Mukundan R, Lanzarini-Lopes M, McBeath ST, Guzman CD, Reckhow D. Impact of storm events on disinfection byproduct precursors in a drinking water source in the Northeastern United States. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121445. [PMID: 38503182 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Storm events play a crucial role in organic matter transport within watersheds and can increase the concentration and alter the composition of NOMs and DBP formation potential. To assess the impact that storm events can have on drinking water quality, samples were collected and analyzed across four storm events in the Neversink River, Catskill region, New York in 2019 and 2022. Source water natural organic matter (NOM) was characterized, and the change of NOM quality was evaluated due to storm impacts. During storm events, a high level of NOM mobilization is initiated by heavy precipitation causing overland flow and a rise in the water table. In this way, storms result in increased access to stored NOM pools that are generated during inter-storm periods. A significant correlation was observed between several organic water quality parameters such as UV absorbance (UV254), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chlorine demand. Precursors for the total trihalomethanes (TTHM), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) exhibited comparable patterns with UV254, DOC, and chlorine demand for four storms. Despite the potential for increased dilution resulting from higher discharges, all organic water quality parameters, including yields of disinfection byproducts (i.e., DBP precursors), exhibited elevated concentrations during periods of higher flows. Three of the four storms showed hysteresis patterns with higher observed concentrations of organic constituents in the falling limb of the hydrographs. Precursors for the nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) were proportional to the DOC for all four storms. The coefficient of determination (R2) for TTHM, DCAA, TCAA with UV254 is higher (R2 0.92-0.98) than corresponding correlations with DOC (R2 0.89-0.92). The R2 for UV254 showed the following hierarchy: DCAA≈TCAA>TTHM. Additionally, the R2 for DOC and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) had the following hierarchy: DCAA>TCAA>TTHM and TCAA>DCAA>TTHM respectively. A significant correlation between UV254 and DOC (R = 0.99) for all storms was observed. Chlorine demand also yielded a strong correlation (R = 0.91∼0.98) with UV254 and DOC. This research indicates that a significant and disproportionate export of NOM to source waters occurs during storm events compared to baseflow conditions. Consequently, it is recommended for drinking water treatment facilities to reassess chlorine dosages during these events. Treatment plants can employ UV254 as a tool to determine appropriate chlorine dosages, aiming to mitigate DBP formation in treated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kiron Shakhawat
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Laboratory II (Elab II), 101 North Service road, Rm#210, UMass Amherst, Amherst MA 01003-9345, United States.
| | - Rakesh K Gelda
- Bureau of Water Supply, NYC Department of Environmental Protection, 71 Smith Ave, Kingston, NY 12401, United States
| | - Karen E Moore
- Bureau of Water Supply, NYC Department of Environmental Protection, 71 Smith Ave, Kingston, NY 12401, United States
| | - Rajith Mukundan
- Bureau of Water Supply, NYC Department of Environmental Protection, 71 Smith Ave, Kingston, NY 12401, United States
| | - Mariana Lanzarini-Lopes
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Laboratory II (Elab II), 101 North Service road, Rm#210, UMass Amherst, Amherst MA 01003-9345, United States
| | - Sean T McBeath
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Laboratory II (Elab II), 101 North Service road, Rm#210, UMass Amherst, Amherst MA 01003-9345, United States
| | - Christian D Guzman
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Laboratory II (Elab II), 101 North Service road, Rm#210, UMass Amherst, Amherst MA 01003-9345, United States
| | - Dave Reckhow
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Laboratory II (Elab II), 101 North Service road, Rm#210, UMass Amherst, Amherst MA 01003-9345, United States
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3
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Xie X, Yan L, Sun S, Pi K, Shi J, Wang Y. Arsenic biogeochemical cycling association with basin-scale dynamics of microbial functionality and organic matter molecular composition. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121117. [PMID: 38219691 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Geogenic arsenic (As)-contaminated groundwater is a sustaining global health concern that is tightly constrained by multiple interrelated biogeochemical processes. However, a complete spectrum of the biogeochemical network of high-As groundwater remains to be established, concurrently neglecting systematic zonation of groundwater biogeochemistry on the regional scale. We uncovered the geomicrobial interaction network governing As biogeochemical pathways by merging in-field hydrogeochemical monitoring, metagenomic analyses, and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) characterization of dissolved organic matter. In oxidizing to weakly reducing environments, the nitrate-reduction and sulfate-reduction encoding genes (narGHI, sat) inhibited the dissolution of As-bearing iron minerals, leading to lower As levels in groundwater. In settings from weakly to moderately reducing, high abundances of sulfate-reduction and iron-transport encoding genes boosted iron mineral dissolution and consequent As release. As it evolved to strongly reducing stage, elevated abundance of methane cycle-related genes (fae, fwd, fmd) further enhanced As mobilization in part by triggering the formation of gaseous methylarsenic. During redox cycling of N, S, Fe, C and As in groundwater, As migration to groundwater and immobilization in mineral particles are geochemically constrained by basin-scale dynamics of microbial functionality and DOM molecular composition. The study constructs a theoretical model to summarize new perspectives on the biogeochemical network of As cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xie
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Lu Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Shige Sun
- Central Southern China Electric Power Design Institute Co, LTD. of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kunfu Pi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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4
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A S, T L, V M. Emerging investigator series: impacts of land use on dissolved organic matter quality in agricultural watersheds: a molecular perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:247-258. [PMID: 38270214 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00506b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In aquatic systems, dissolved organic matter (DOM) has important ecological and biogeochemical functions, where the molecular composition of DOM has larger-scale implications for climate change and global carbon cycles. However, there is limited information about the relationships between landscape characteristics and human disturbance that influence the molecular composition of DOM changes in watersheds. In this study, we collected water samples from 22 sites across a gradient of topographically characterized agricultural land coverage and community infrastructure development in the Kawartha region in Ontario, Canada. We employed a combination of Fourier Transform Ion-Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and absorbance spectroscopy to investigate changes in the molecular composition of DOM with increasing agricultural and community development disturbance on the optical and molecular characteristics of DOM. We found that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in disturbed (>75%) watersheds ranged from 3.67-32.8 mg L-1 and were significantly higher than in watersheds with more abundant forest coverage (3.78-9.13 mg L-1). In addition, watersheds with higher phosphorus concentrations had more negative nominal oxygenation state of carbon (NOSC) values, suggesting biologically processed DOM correlating with increased phosphorus levels in aquatic systems. To relate the molecular properties of DOM to landscape metrics, we used Spearman's correlation analysis to reveal that agriculturally impacted and community developments enhanced the molecular signature of unsaturated hydrocarbon. In addition, we identified 65 dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) molecules that significantly increased in abundance with disturbance, likely due to microbial mineralization of existing DOM with the addition of phosphorus to form larger, biologically inaccessible molecules. The overall recalcitrance of the identified molecules can serve as molecular signatures when evaluating the level of disturbance of a watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sethumadhavan A
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catherine's, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Liang T
- Kawartha Region Conservation Authority, 277 Kenrei Road, Lindsay, Ontario, K9V 4R1, Canada
| | - Mangal V
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catherine's, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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5
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Wei Y, Chen Y, Cao X, Xiang M, Huang Y, Li H. A Critical Review of Groundwater Table Fluctuation: Formation, Effects on Multifields, and Contaminant Behaviors in a Soil and Aquifer System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2185-2203. [PMID: 38237040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The groundwater table fluctuation (GTF) zone is an important medium for the hydrologic cycle between unsaturated soil and saturated aquifers, which accelerates the migration, transformation, and redistribution of contaminants and further poses a potential environmental risk to humans. In this review, we clarify the key processes in the generation of the GTF zone and examine its links with the variation of the hydrodynamic and hydrochemistry field, colloid mobilization, and contaminant migration and transformation. Driven by groundwater recharge and discharge, GTF regulates water flow and the movement of the capillary fringe, which further control the advection and dispersion of contaminants in soil and groundwater. In addition, the formation and variation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) waterfall are impacted by GTF. The changing ROS components partially determine the characteristic transformation of solutes and the dynamic redistribution of the microbial population. GTF facilitates the migration and transformation of contaminants (such as nitrogen, heavy metals, non-aqueous phase liquids, and volatile organic compounds) through colloid mobilization, the co-migration effect, and variation of the hydrodynamic and hydrochemistry fields. In conclusion, this review illustrates the limitations of the current literature on GTF, and the significance of GTF zones in the underground environment is underscored by expounding on the future directions and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiang Wei
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Minghui Xiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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6
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Li N, Lyu H, Xu G, Chi G, Su X. Hydrogeochemical changes during artificial groundwater well recharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165778. [PMID: 37495144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Artificial groundwater recharge is a relatively economic and efficient method for solving shortages and uneven spatial-temporal distribution of water resources. Changes in groundwater quality during the recharge process are a key issue that must be addressed. Identifying the hydrogeochemical reactions that occur during recharge can be vital in predicting trends in groundwater quality. However, there are few studies on the evolution of groundwater quality during artificial recharge that comprehensively consider environmental, chemical, organic matter, and microbiological indicators. Based on an artificial groundwater recharge experiment in Xiong'an New Area, this study investigated the hydrogeochemical changes during groundwater recharge through a well. The results indicate that (1) as large amounts of recharge water (RW) were injected, the groundwater level initially rose rapidly, then fluctuated slowly, and finally rose again. (2) Water quality indicators, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and microbial communities were influenced by the mixture of RW and the background groundwater before recharge (BGBR), as well as by water-rock interactions, such as mineral dissolution-precipitation and redox reactions. (3) During well recharge, aerobic respiration, nitrification, denitrification, high-valence manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) minerals reduction dissolution, and Mn2+ and Fe2+ oxidation-precipitation occurred sequentially. (4) DOM analysis showed that protein-like substances in the BGBR were the main carbon sources for aerobic respiration and denitrification, while humic-like substances carried by the RW significantly enhanced Mn and Fe minerals reduction dissolution. Therefore, RW quality significantly affects groundwater quality after artificial groundwater well recharge. Controlling indicators, such as dissolved oxygen (DO) and DOM, in the RW can effectively reduce harm to groundwater quality after recharge. This study is of theoretical and practical significance for in-depth analysis of the evolution of groundwater quality during artificial well recharge, prediction of trends in groundwater quality during and after recharge and ensuring groundwater quality safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China.
| | - Guigui Xu
- Chang Guang Satellite Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130051, China
| | - Guangyao Chi
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaosi Su
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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7
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Yang Y, Wang Q, Xue J, Tian S, Du Y, Xie X, Gan Y, Deng Y, Wang Y. Organic matter degradation and arsenic enrichment in different floodplain aquifer systems along the middle reaches of Yangtze River: A thermodynamic analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 239:120072. [PMID: 37207456 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Geogenic arsenic (As) contaminated groundwater has been widely accepted associating with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquifers, but the underlying enrichment mechanism at molecular-level from a thermodynamic perspective is poorly evidenced. To fill this gap, we contrasted the optical properties and molecular compositions of DOM coupled with hydrochemical and isotopic data in two floodplain aquifer systems with significant As variations along the middle reaches of Yangtze River. Optical properties of DOM indicate that groundwater As concentration is mainly associated with terrestrial humic-like components rather than protein-like components. Molecular signatures show that high As groundwater has lower H/C ratios, but greater DBE, AImod, and NOSC values. With the increase of groundwater As concentration, the relative abundance of CHON3 formulas gradually decreased while that of CHON2 and CHON1 increased, indicating the importance of N-containing organics in As mobility, which is also evidenced by nitrogen isotope and groundwater chemistry. Thermodynamic calculation demonstrated that organic matter with higher NOSC values preferentially favored the reductive dissolution of As-bearing Fe(III) (hydro)oxides minerals and thus promoted As mobility. These findings could provide new insights to decipher organic matter bioavailability in As mobilization from a thermodynamical perspective and are applicable to similar geogenic As-affected floodplain aquifer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Jiangkai Xue
- Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shuhang Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Yao Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Yamin Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China.
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
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8
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Zhao S, Li J, Xue X, Sun D, Liu W, Zhu C, Yang Y, Xie X. Molecular characteristics of natural organic matter in the groundwater system with geogenic iodine contamination in the Datong Basin, Northern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138834. [PMID: 37142100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) plays an important role in the iodine mobilization in the groundwater system. In this study, the groundwater and sediments from iodine affected aquifers in the Datong Basin were collected to perform chemistry analysis and molecular characteristics of NOM by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS). Total iodine concentrations in groundwater and sediments ranged from 1.97 to 926.1 μg/L and 0.001-2.86 μg/g, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between DOC/NOM and groundwater/sediment iodine. FT-ICR-MS results showed that the DOM in the high-iodine groundwater system is characterized by less aliphatic and more aromatic compounds with higher NOSC, indicating the features of more unsaturated larger molecule structures and more bioavailability. Aromatic compounds could be the main carriers of sediment iodine and were easily absorbed on amorphous iron oxides to form the NOM-Fe-I complex. More aliphatic compounds, especially those containing N/S, experienced a higher degree of biodegradation, which further mediated the reductive dissolution of amorphous iron oxides and the transformation of iodine species, thereby causing the release of iodine into groundwater. The findings of this study provide some new insights into the mechanisms of high-iodine groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Junxia Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaobin Xue
- Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Institute of Hubei Geological Bureau, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenjing Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yapeng Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
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9
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Xu S, Wu Y, Bu L, Deng L, Li G, Zhou S, Shi Z. Molecular insights towards changing behaviors of organic matter in a full-scale water treatment plant using FTICR-MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138731. [PMID: 37086984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The changing behavior of organic matter in a full-scale water treatment process was characterized based on the three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as a coagulant can help to effectively remove soluble microbial by-products-like and aromatic protein-like substances during coagulation and sedimentation, corresponding to tannin and coagulated aromatic regions. The leakage of soluble microbial products during sand filtration resulted in an increase in the intensity of biomass-like regions. Nitrogen-containing compounds have higher weighted average value of double bond equivalents (DBEw) and the modified aromaticity index (AImod-w) than nitrogen-free compounds. Water treatment can preferentially remove unsaturated nitrogen-containing compounds with more O atoms and higher-oxidation-state carbon. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV254 were not correlated well with changes in nitrogen-containing compounds due to the preferential removal of nitrogen-containing compounds. This study revealed the specificity of organic matter removal during water treatment, and it was helpful in optimizing treatment processes for various raw water to ensure water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunkai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Beijing General Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100082, China
| | - Yangtao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lingjun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Guangchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Shiqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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10
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Zhao P, Du Z, Fu Q, Ai J, Hu A, Wang D, Zhang W. Molecular composition and chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in wastewater sludge via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: Effects of extraction methods and electrospray ionization modes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119687. [PMID: 36758353 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry was extensively applied in molecular composition and transformation pathways of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in wastewater sludge treatments. Sample pretreatment methods and electrospray ionization (ESI) modes significant affect the accuracy of molecular characterization for DOM. This study investigated the effects of pretreatment methods (styrene divinyl benzene polymer (PPL), octadecyl (C18), and electrodialysis (ED)) on molecular characteristics of DOM in two typical wastewater sludges (waste activated sludge (WAS) and anaerobic digestion sludge (ADS)) analyzed by FT-ICR MS in both positive ESI (ESI (+)) and negative ESI (ESI (-)) modes. The results indicated that ED pretreatment exhibited the highest recovery rate of 70% ‒ 95% for sludge-derived DOM. ED and PPL performed well in recovering the different sludge-derived DOM with a high similarity of molecular characteristics (e.g., lipids, proteins/aliphatic, and lignins/CRAM-like), and the C18 method was ineffective in extracting carbohydrates, unsaturated hydrocarbons, and amino sugars. In addition, compared with single ESI (-) analysis mode, the molecular number identified by ESI (+) analysis mode was increased by 200%, especially, more unsaturated hydrocarbons and N-containing compounds were detected. Except for biogenic DOM, plenty of emerging containments (ECs) in sludge-derived DOM were identified; ESI (-) mode was more effectively in recognizing the alkyl benzene sulfonic acids (e.g., anionic surfactants); and ESI (+) mode was more effectively for plasticizers identification, for example, dioctyl terephthalate and dibutyl phthalate. This study illustrated that ED pretreatment coupled with FT-ICR MS in dual ESI modes could give more insights in complexed molecular information for DOM in wastewater sludge, and provides a theoretical basis for subsequent sludge treatments and disposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhengliang Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qinglong Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Jing Ai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Aibin Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; National Engineering Laboratory of High Concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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11
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Retter A, Haas JC, Birk S, Stumpp C, Hausmann B, Griebler C, Karwautz C. From the Mountain to the Valley: Drivers of Groundwater Prokaryotic Communities along an Alpine River Corridor. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030779. [PMID: 36985351 PMCID: PMC10055094 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rivers are the “tip of the iceberg”, with the underlying groundwater being the unseen freshwater majority. Microbial community composition and the dynamics of shallow groundwater ecosystems are thus crucial, due to their potential impact on ecosystem processes and functioning. In early summer and late autumn, samples of river water from 14 stations and groundwater from 45 wells were analyzed along a 300 km transect of the Mur River valley, from the Austrian alps to the flats at the Slovenian border. The active and total prokaryotic communities were characterized using high-throughput gene amplicon sequencing. Key physico-chemical parameters and stress indicators were recorded. The dataset was used to challenge ecological concepts and assembly processes in shallow aquifers. The groundwater microbiome is analyzed regarding its composition, change with land use, and difference to the river. Community composition and species turnover differed significantly. At high altitudes, dispersal limitation was the main driver of groundwater community assembly, whereas in the lowland, homogeneous selection explained the larger share. Land use was a key determinant of the groundwater microbiome composition. The alpine region was more diverse and richer in prokaryotic taxa, with some early diverging archaeal lineages being highly abundant. This dataset shows a longitudinal change in prokaryotic communities that is dependent on regional differences affected by geomorphology and land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Retter
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Steffen Birk
- Institute of Earth Sciences, NAWI Graz Geocenter, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1180 Wien, Austria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Christian Griebler
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Clemens Karwautz
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria
- Correspondence:
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12
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Kim MS, Lim BR, Jeon P, Hong S, Jeon D, Park SY, Hong S, Yoo EJ, Kim HS, Shin S, Yoon JK. Innovative approach to reveal source contribution of dissolved organic matter in a complex river watershed using end-member mixing analysis based on spectroscopic proxies and multi-isotopes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119470. [PMID: 36621274 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in river watersheds dynamically changes based on its source during a monsoon period with storm event. However, the variations in DOM in urban and rural river watersheds that are dominated by point and non-point sources have not been adequately explored to date. We developed an innovative approach to reveal DOM sources in complex river watershed systems during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods using end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) by combining multi-isotope values (δ13C-DOC, δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3) and spectroscopic indices (fluorescence index [FI], biological index [BIX], humification index [HIX], and specific UV absorbance [SUVA]). Several potential end-members of DOM sources were collected from watersheds, including top-soils, groundwater, plant group (fallen leaves, riparian plants, suspended algae), and different effluents (cattle and pig livestock, agricultural land, urban, industry facility, swine treatment facility and wastewater treatment facility). Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, NO3-N, and NH4-N increased during the monsoon period with an increase in the input of anthropogenic DOM, which have higher HIX values owing to the flushing effect. The results of EMMA indicate that soil and agricultural effluents accounted for a substantial contribution of anthropogenic DOM at varying rates based on seasons. We also found that results of EMMA based on combining spectroscopic indices and δ13C-DOC isotope values were more accurate in tracing DOM sources with respect to land-use characteristics compared to applying only spectroscopic indices. The positive relationship between FI, BIX and δ15N-NO3 were revealed that nitrate would be decomposed from DOM affected by intensive agricultural activities. In addition, consistent with the EMMA results, the molecular composition of the DOM was clearly evidenced by a large number of CHON formulas, accounting for over 50% of the total characterized compounds, including pesticides and pharmaceuticals used in agriculture farmland and livestock. Our results clearly demonstrated that EMMA based on combing multi-stable isotopes and spectroscopic indices could be trace the DOM source, which is important for understanding changes in the DOM quality, and application of nitrate isotopes and molecular analysis supports in-depth interpretation. This study provides easy and intuitive techniques for the estimation of the relative impacts of DOM sources in complex river watersheds, which can be verified in various ways rather than relying on a single technique approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Kim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea.
| | - Bo Ra Lim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Pilyong Jeon
- Geum River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Okcheon-gun 29027, South Korea
| | - Seoyeon Hong
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Darae Jeon
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Si Yeong Park
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Sunhwa Hong
- Geum River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Okcheon-gun 29027, South Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yoo
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Sunkyoung Shin
- Fundamental Environmental Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ki Yoon
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
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13
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Harjung A, Schweichhart J, Rasch G, Griebler C. Large-scale study on groundwater dissolved organic matter reveals a strong heterogeneity and a complex microbial footprint. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158542. [PMID: 36087677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in terrestrial groundwater is generally low in concentration compared to inland surface waters. However, the overall amount of groundwater DOM is huge, as there is 100 times more fresh groundwater than fresh surface water. To date, research on groundwater DOM has merely focused on specific threats to humans such as e.g. DOM and heavy metal complexations and DOM from hydrocarbon contamination. A comprehensive, large-scale study of groundwater is still missing. Here, we examine DOM properties in a large-scale approach with regards to surface characteristics such as land use and altitude, aquifer characteristics as well as microbial features. We analyzed 1600 water samples from 100 groundwater bodies all over Austria with regards to their DOM quantity, quality and bacterial abundance (BA). DOM quality was evaluated with self-organizing maps on fluorescence excitation-emission-matrices (EEMs) combined with Ward clustering and subsequent parallel factor analysis to describe DOM properties of each cluster. We evaluated how these clusters differed among each other, based on DOC and nitrate concentrations, BA and selected environmental characteristics. Our results show that fluorescence components in groundwater resemble components found in other groundwater studies, in studies from forest streams, the dark ocean, agricultural catchments and wastewater treatment plants. The latter fluorescence components were associated with a cluster that is characterized by agricultural and urban land use, as well as by high nitrate concentrations. Clusters with an increased abundance of high-molecular weight and humic components, commonly associated with vascular plant and soil origin, correlated with a higher bacterial abundance. This observation provides evidence that elevated numbers of suspended bacteria mainly originate from the surface. Our study shows that DOM fluorescence can be a fast monitoring tool to identify aquifers under anthropogenic stress and delineate sensitive recharge areas with high surface-groundwater interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harjung
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, Division Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - G Rasch
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, Division Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Griebler
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, Division Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Hassanpour B, Blair N, Aristilde L. Metabolomics analysis of unresolved molecular variability in stoichiometry dynamics of a stream dissolved organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118923. [PMID: 36001905 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Broad molecular classification based on stoichiometric ratio relationships has been used extensively to characterize the chemical diversity of aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, variability in the molecular composition within this classification has remained elusive, thus limiting the interpretation of DOM dynamics, especially with respect to transport versus transformation patterns in response to hydrologic or landscape changes. Here, leveraging high-frequency spatiotemporal sampling during rainfall events at a Critical Zone Observatory project site in Clear Creek, Iowa, we apply a metabolomics-based analysis validated with fragmentation using tandem mass spectrometry to uncover patterns in the molecular features of the DOM composition that were not resolved by classification based on stoichiometric ratios in the chemical formulae. From upstream to downstream sites, beyond the increased aromaticity implied by changes in the stoichiometric ratios, we identified an increased abundance of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoids, two important subgroups of aromatic compounds. The stoichiometric analysis also proposed a localized decline in the abundance of lipid-like compounds, which we attributed specifically to medium-chain and short-chain fatty acids; other lipids such as long-chain fatty acids and sterol lipids remained unchanged. We further determined in-stream molecular transitions and specific compound degradation by capturing changes in the molecular masses of terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, fatty acids, and amino acids. In sum, the metabolomics analysis of the chemical formulae resolved molecular variability imprinted on the stoichiometric DOM composition to implicate key molecular subgroups underlying carbon transport and cycling dynamics in the stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hassanpour
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Neal Blair
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Ludmilla Aristilde
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States.
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15
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Liang Y, Ma R, Nghiem A, Xu J, Tang L, Wei W, Prommer H, Gan Y. Sources of ammonium enriched in groundwater in the central Yangtze River Basin: Anthropogenic or geogenic? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119463. [PMID: 35569622 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of excessive ammonium in groundwater threatens human and aquatic ecosystem health across many places worldwide. As the fate of ammonium in groundwater systems is often affected by a complex mixture of transport and biogeochemical transformation processes, identifying the sources of groundwater ammonium is an important prerequisite for planning effective mitigation strategies. Elevated ammonium was found in both a shallow and an underlying deep groundwater system in an alluvial aquifer system beneath an agricultural area in the central Yangtze River Basin, China. In this study we develop and apply a novel, indirect approach, which couples the random forest classification (RFC) of machine learning method and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), to distinguish multiple sources of ammonium in a multi-layer aquifer. EEM-PARAFAC was applied to provide insights into potential ammonium sources as well as the carbon and nitrogen cycling processes affecting ammonium fate. Specifically, RFC was used to unravel the different key factors controlling the high levels of ammonium prevailing in the shallow and deep aquifer sections, respectively. Our results reveal that high concentrations of ammonium in the shallow groundwater system primarily originate from anthropogenic sources, before being modulated by intensive microbially mediated nitrogen transformation processes such as nitrification, denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). By contrast, the linkage between high concentrations of ammonium and decomposition of soil organic matter, which ubiquitously contained nitrogen, suggested that mineralization of soil organic nitrogen compounds is the primary mechanism for the enrichment of ammonium in deeper groundwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- School of Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Rui Ma
- School of Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Athena Nghiem
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Liansong Tang
- School of Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Wenhao Wei
- School of Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Henning Prommer
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia; School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Yiqun Gan
- School of Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
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16
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Sanchez-Arcos C, Ueberschaar N, Pohnert G. Aquifer system and depth specific chemical patterns in fractured-rock groundwater from the Critical Zone revealed by untargeted LC-MS-based metabolomics. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118566. [PMID: 35580391 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the Earth's Critical Zone, water plays an essential role as a collector and transporter of metabolites and their transformation products. It is generally believed that the chemical profiles of groundwater are strongly impacted by land use. However, predictors for the effects of above-ground natural and anthropogenic activities on below-ground chemistry are rare. We reasoned that comparing groundwater metabolomes from different land-use sites and depths can give insight into this coupling of above and below-ground processes in the Critical Zone. This study used an LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic approach to identify links between groundwater metabolomes from monitoring wells in fractured carbonate-/siliciclastic alternations along a hillslope of the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory (CZE) in Thuringia, Germany. Our results identify the land-use type, aquifer system, and sampling depth as critical factors determining the differences among groundwater metabolomes. We established five groundwater metabolic clusters and correlated these to the aquifer systems, hydrogeochemistry, and microbial community composition. Our untargeted metabolomic approach reveals the limited connectivity of groundwater chemical profiles with above-ground activities and illustrates how deep the input signals can travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sanchez-Arcos
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Ueberschaar
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
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17
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McDonough LK, Andersen MS, Behnke MI, Rutlidge H, Oudone P, Meredith K, O'Carroll DM, Santos IR, Marjo CE, Spencer RGM, McKenna AM, Baker A. A new conceptual framework for the transformation of groundwater dissolved organic matter. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2153. [PMID: 35444183 PMCID: PMC9021313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Groundwater comprises 95% of the liquid fresh water on Earth and contains a diverse mix of dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecules which play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. Currently, the storage times and degradation pathways of groundwater DOM are unclear, preventing an accurate estimate of groundwater carbon sources and sinks for global carbon budgets. Here we reveal the transformations of DOM in aging groundwater using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry combined with radiocarbon dating. Long-term anoxia and a lack of photodegradation leads to the removal of oxidised DOM and a build-up of both reduced photodegradable formulae and aerobically biolabile formulae with a strong microbial signal. This contrasts with the degradation pathway of DOM in oxic marine, river, and lake systems. Our findings suggest that processes such as groundwater extraction and subterranean groundwater discharge to oceans could result in up to 13 Tg of highly photolabile and aerobically biolabile groundwater dissolved organic carbon released to surface environments per year, where it can be rapidly degraded. These findings highlight the importance of considering groundwater DOM in global carbon budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza K McDonough
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia. .,Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Martin S Andersen
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Megan I Behnke
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Helen Rutlidge
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Phetdala Oudone
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Karina Meredith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Isaac R Santos
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310-4005, USA
| | - Andy Baker
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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18
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Chen S, Xie Q, Su S, Wu L, Zhong S, Zhang Z, Ma C, Qi Y, Hu W, Deng J, Ren L, Zhu D, Guo Q, Liu CQ, Jang KS, Fu P. Source and formation process impact the chemodiversity of rainwater dissolved organic matter along the Yangtze River Basin in summer. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118024. [PMID: 35016126 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.118024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rainwater dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle and evolution of organic matter in the land-atmosphere interface. To better understand their sources and molecular composition in the atmosphere, rainwater samples were collected at six different locations along the Yangtze River Basin. Based on the application of a combined approach including excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), various sources (terrestrial, anthropogenic, and autochthonous sources) of rainwater DOM were revealed. Results show that the derivatives of biogenic volatile organic compounds were widely distributed and contributed to rainwater DOM along the Yangtze River Basin. In the up-river city Batang, rainwater DOM was affected by the long-range atmospheric transport due to the Indian summer monsoon. Lijiang, a city on the southeastern edge of Tibetan plateau, was related to strong local biomass burning. The industrial cities of Panzhihua and Luzhou showed large differences in organic composition due to distinct industrial types. Fuling, a district in Chongqing Municipality, was significantly contributed by aged organics from biomass burning. While rainwater DOM in Shanghai, a coastal megacity, contained a high fraction of sea spray organics. Further, more than 70% of rainwater DOM molecules are associated with 36 typical transformation mechanisms during rainwater-scavenging processes, e.g., oxidation reactions, dealkylation and decarboxylation. Our study demonstrates that local natural and anthropogenic emissions and climatic conditions strongly shaped the chemodiversity and possible precursor-product pairs of rainwater DOM along the Yangtze River Basin, which helps to better understand the biogeochemical cycles of organic matter in a large-scale watershed under the influence of human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sihui Su
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Libin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shujun Zhong
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lujie Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dongqiang Zhu
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea; Division of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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19
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Gros M, Catalán N, Mas-Pla J, Čelić M, Petrović M, Farré MJ. Groundwater antibiotic pollution and its relationship with dissolved organic matter: Identification and environmental implications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117927. [PMID: 34426209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of veterinary antibiotics and hydro-chemical parameters in eleven natural springs in a livestock production area is evaluated, jointly with the characterization of their DOM fingerprint by Orbitrap HRMS. Tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotics were ubiquitous in all sites, and they were detected at low ng L-1 concentrations, except for doxycycline, that was present at μg L-1 in one location. DOM analysis revealed that most molecular formulas were CHO compounds (49 %-68 %), with a remarkable percentage containing nitrogen and sulphur (16 %-23 % and 11 %-24 %, respectively). Major DOM components were phenolic and highly unsaturated compounds (~90 %), typical for soil-derived organic matter, while approximately 11 % were unsaturated aliphatic, suggesting that springs may be susceptible to anthropogenic contamination sources. Comparing the DOM fingerprint among sites, the spring showing the most different profile was the one with surface water interaction and characterized by having lower CHO and higher CHOS formulas and aliphatic compounds. Correlations between antibiotics and DOM showed that tetracyclines positively correlate with unsaturated oxygen-rich substances, while sulfonamides relate with aliphatic and unsaturated oxygen-poor compounds. This indicates that the fate of different antibiotics will be controlled by the type of DOM present in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Gros
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) & University of Girona (UdG), Spain.
| | - Núria Catalán
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l' Environnement, LSCE, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, 91191, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Josep Mas-Pla
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) & University of Girona (UdG), Spain; Grup de Recerca en Geologia Aplicada i Ambiental (GAiA-Geocamb), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona (UdG), Spain
| | - Mira Čelić
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) & University of Girona (UdG), Spain
| | - Mira Petrović
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) & University of Girona (UdG), Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria José Farré
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) & University of Girona (UdG), Spain
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20
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Du Y, Deng Y, Liu Z, Huang Y, Zhao X, Li Q, Ma T, Wang Y. Novel Insights into Dissolved Organic Matter Processing Pathways in a Coastal Confined Aquifer System with the Highest Known Concentration of Geogenic Ammonium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14676-14688. [PMID: 34677945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High levels of geogenic ammonium in groundwater is a highly neglected nitrogen pool in coastal aquatic systems. Although organic matter (OM) mineralization is known to significantly influence geogenic ammonium enrichment, the detailed mechanism underlying ammonium enrichment based on dissolved organic matter (DOM) characterization in coastal aquifer systems remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the optical and molecular signatures of DOM coupled with hydrogeochemistry and multiple isotopes (H/O/C/N) to elucidate in detail the mechanisms underlying the anomalously high ammonium in the coastal confined aquifer system of the Pearl River Delta, which exhibits the highest reported geogenic ammonium concentration in groundwater on the Earth. We identified three DOM fluorescent components, a marine humic-like component (C1) and two other humic-like components (C2 and C3). The autochthonous OM was first processed to the C1 component, which was further transformed to C2 and C3 components. In terms of molecular classes, the processing pathway from bacterial- or algal-derived OM to aliphatic compounds and highly unsaturated-low O compounds was identified, and highly unsaturated-low O compounds were accumulated as the main products. Compounds containing two or three N atoms were processed, and compounds with one N atom gradually accumulated, which was further degraded into CHO compounds. The ammonium (up to 179 mg/L as N) was gradually enriched due to the decomposition of CHO+3N to CHO+2N, CHO+1N, and CHO compounds. Owing to the longer residence time and less frequent fresh water flushing, the produced ammonium was retained in the aquifer as a "long-term result". The contrasting DOM characteristics, together with the differing depositional and hydrogeological conditions, give rise to the higher levels of geogenic ammonium in coastal confined aquifer systems compared with inland alluvial-lacustrine confined aquifer systems. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize DOM and its relationship with geogenic ammonium in coastal aquifer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Geological Survey Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanwen Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xinwen Zhao
- Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Teng Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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21
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Mathew KA, Ardelan MV, Villa Gonzalez S, Vadstein O, Vezhapparambu VS, Leiknes Ø, Mankettikkara R, Olsen Y. Temporal dynamics of carbon sequestration in coastal North Atlantic fjord system as seen through dissolved organic matter characterisation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146402. [PMID: 33839660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fjord systems in higher latitudes are unique coastal water ecosystems that facilitate the study of dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics from surface to deeper waters. The current work was undertaken in the Trondheim fjord characterized by North Atlantic waters, and compared DOM fractions from three depths - surface (3 m), intermediate (225 m) and deep (440 m) in four seasons, from late spring to winter in 2017. The high-resolution mass spectrometry data showed that DOM composition varies significantly in different seasons rather than in different depths in the fjord systems. The bacterial community composition was comparable except at spring surface and summer intermediate depths. Bacterial production was minimal below the euphotic layer, even with sufficient availability of inorganic nutrients. The bacterial production rate in the surface waters was about 7 times and over 50 times higher than that of the aphotic zone in the winter and the summer seasons, respectively. The surface heterotrophic microbial communities might have rapidly consumed the available labile DOM, with the production of more refractory DOM limiting bacterial production in aphotic layers. The greater number of CRAM-like formulas determined in the surface waters compared to other depths supports our hypothesis. The refractory DOM sequestered in the water column may either be exported into sediments attached to particulate matter and marine gels, or may escape into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide/monoxide during the photochemical oxidation pathways, suggesting that it is involved in climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Avarachen Mathew
- Department of Biology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
| | - Murat Van Ardelan
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
| | - Susana Villa Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
| | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
| | - Veena S Vezhapparambu
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
| | - Øystein Leiknes
- Department of Biology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
| | - Rahman Mankettikkara
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway.
| | - Yngvar Olsen
- Department of Biology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
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Zhang B, Wang X, Fang Z, Wang S, Shan C, Wei S, Pan B. Unravelling molecular transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter in UV/H 2O 2, UV/persulfate, and UV/chlorine processes based on FT-ICR-MS analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 199:117158. [PMID: 33975087 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) are very promising in advanced treatment of municipal secondary effluents. However, the transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) in advanced treatment of real wastewater, particularly at molecular level, remains unclear. In this study, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) coupled with multiple statistical analysis were performed to better understand the transformation of dEfOM in UV/H2O2, UV/persulfate (UV/PS), and UV/chlorine treatments. An obvious increase in oxygen content of dEfOM was observed after every UV-AOPs treatment, and the detailed oxygenation processes were further uncovered by mass difference analysis based on 24 types of typical reactions. Generally, UV/H2O2 process was subjected to the most oxygenation reactions with the typical tri-hydroxylation one (+3O), whereas di-hydroxylation reaction (+H2O2) was dominant in UV/PS and UV/chlorine processes. Additionally, the three UV-AOPs shared the majority of precursors, and more proportions of unique products were identified for each process. The precursors with lower H/C and higher aromaticity were readily degraded by UV/chlorine over UV/H2O2 and UV/PS, with the products featuring lower molecular weight. Moreover, dEfOM of high aromaticity tended to produce chlorinated byproducts through addition reactions in chlorination and UV/chlorine processes. Among these UV-AOPs, the highest reduction of both acute toxicity and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) was observed for UV/chlorine, implying the potential for UV/chlorine process in advanced treatment of wastewater. In addition, acute toxicity was highly correlated with SUVA254 and CHOS compounds. This study is believed to help better understand the different fates of dEfOM in real wastewater during UV-AOPs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuening Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuoyao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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23
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Qiao W, Guo H, He C, Shi Q, Xing S, Gao Z. Identification of processes mobilizing organic molecules and arsenic in geothermal confined groundwater from Pliocene aquifers. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117140. [PMID: 33895585 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter (OM) has been accepted as an important trigger fueling Fe(III) oxide reduction and arsenic release in the late Pleistocene-Holocene anoxic aquifers, whereas its fates and roles on arsenic mobility in the Pliocene aquifer are unclear. To fill this gap, groundwaters from a confined Pliocene aquifer (CG) and an unconfined Holocene aquifer (UG) were sampled in the Guide Basin, China, to monitor evolutions of groundwater geochemistry and OM molecular signatures along the groundwater flow path. The outcomes showed that groundwater pH, temperature, and arsenic concentrations in the CG samples generally increased along the groundwater flow path, which were much higher than those in the UG samples. The numbers and intensities of recalcitrant molecules (polycyclic aromatics and polyphenols) in the CG samples remarkably increased along the path, but relatively labile molecules (highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds and aliphatic compounds) showed the opposite trends. The arsenic-poor (<10 μg/L) UG samples contained more labile molecules than the arsenic-rich CG samples. High groundwater pH, temperature, and sediment age in the confined aquifers may be responsible for the selective mobilization of the unique polycyclic aromatics and polyphenols. The mobilized recalcitrant organic molecules may enhance arsenic release via electron shuttling, complexation, and competition. Furthermore, high temperature and pH may also facilitate arsenic desorption. The study provides molecular-scale evidences that the mobilization of recalcitrant organic molecules and arsenic were concurrent in the geothermal confined groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huaming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shiping Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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24
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Qiao W, Guo H, He C, Shi Q, Zhao B. Unraveling roles of dissolved organic matter in high arsenic groundwater based on molecular and optical signatures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124702. [PMID: 33296763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a crucial controlling factor in mobilizing arsenic. However, direct delineations of DOM regarding both optical properties and molecular signatures were rarely conducted in high-arsenic groundwater. Here, both groundwater and surface water were taken from the Hetao Basin, China, to decipher DOM properties with both optical spectrophotometer and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The tryptophan-like component (C4) was averagely less than 30% in groundwater DOM, being positively associated with high H/C-ratio molecules (H/C > 1.2) and mainly grouped as highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds and aliphatic compounds. Other three humic-like components (C1, C2, C3) had positive associations with low H/C-ratio molecules (H/C < 1.2), which mainly consisted of highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds, polyphenols, and polycyclic aromatics. Groundwater arsenic concentrations were positively correlated with humic-like, low H/C-ratio, and recalcitrant organic compounds, which may be the consequence of labile organic matter degradation. The degradation caused Fe(III) oxide reduction and mobilized the solid arsenic. In addition, high abundances of these recalcitrant organic compounds in high-arsenic groundwater may contribute to arsenic enrichment via electron shuttling, competition for surface sites, and complexation process. It suggested that groundwater proxies would be either the result or the cause of biogeochemical processes in aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Huaming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
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25
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Huang Y, Du Y, Ma T, Deng Y, Tao Y, Xu Y, Leng Z. Dissolved organic matter characterization in high and low ammonium groundwater of Dongting Plain, central China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111779. [PMID: 33396090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High levels of ammonium in groundwater is a potential threat to drinking water security and ecological status. The role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in mobilization of natural ammonium in groundwater is crucial but the intrinsic link between them has still been poorly understood. This study used high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and fluorescence excitataion-emission-matrix spectra (EEMs) with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to elucidate the influence of DOM characteristics in groundwater systems having contrastive ammonium levels in Dongting Plain, central Yangtze River. The results indicate that NH4+-N concentration in groundwater of western plain (0-16.75 mg/L) are much higher compared with southern plain (0-1.5 mg/L). The groundwater in western plain is in a more reductive environment and characterized by larger molecular weight (MW) of DOM and lower polydispersity (ρ), whereas DOM with relatively small molecular weight and high polydispersity is detected in the south with a more oxidative condition. The groundwater in western plain is characterized by lower fluorescence index (f450/500) and biological index (BIX), and dominated by the high molecular weight terrestrial humic-like component and larger amounts of microbial humic-like components. Protein-like is the main component in groundwater of southern plain with higher f450/500 and BIX. The ammonium concentration in groundwater correlates well with molecular weight and increases significantly with the content of high molecular weight terrestrial humic-like component, indicating that mobilization of ammonium is more closely associated with the terrestrial organic matter of high molecular weight. This study further enriches the theory on mobilization of ammonium in Quaternary alluvial-lacustrine aquifer systems and provides theoretical basis for the local water supply security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Huang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yao Du
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yamin Deng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Tao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yu Xu
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Zhichao Leng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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26
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Ward JST, Lapworth DJ, Read DS, Pedley S, Banda ST, Monjerezi M, Gwengweya G, MacDonald AM. Tryptophan-like fluorescence as a high-level screening tool for detecting microbial contamination in drinking water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141284. [PMID: 33182170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Regular monitoring of drinking water quality is vital to identify contamination of potable water supplies. Testing for microbial contamination is important to prevent transmission of waterborne disease, but establishing and maintaining a water quality monitoring programme requires sustained labour, consumables and resources. In low resource settings such as developing countries, this can prove difficult, but measuring microbial contamination is listed as a requirement of reaching the UN's Sustainable Development Goal 6 for water and sanitation. A nine-month water quality monitoring programme was conducted in rural Malawi to assess the suitability of tryptophan-like fluorescence (TLF), an emerging method for rapidly detecting microbial contamination, as a drinking water quality monitoring tool. TLF data was compared with thermotolerant coliforms (TTCs, E. coli) and inorganic hydrochemical parameters. A large (n = 235) temporal dataset was collected from five groundwater drinking water sources, with samples collected once or twice weekly depending on the season. The results show that TLF can indicate a broader contamination risk but is not as sensitive to short term variability when compared to other faecal indicators. This is likely due to a broad association of TLF with elevated DOC concentrations from a range of different sources. Elevated TLF may indicate preferential conditions for the persistence of TTCs and/or E. coli, but not necessarily a public health risk from microbial contamination. TLF is therefore a more precautionary risk indicator than microbial culturing techniques and could prove useful as a high-level screening tool for initial risk assessment. For widespread use of TLF to be successful, standardisation of TLF values associated with different levels of risk is required, however, this study highlights the difficulties of equating TLF thresholds to TTCs or E. coli data because of the influence of DOC/HLF on the TLF signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade S T Ward
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottinghamshire NG12 5GG, UK; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | | | - Daniel S Read
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Steve Pedley
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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27
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Shi W, Zhuang WE, Hur J, Yang L. Monitoring dissolved organic matter in wastewater and drinking water treatments using spectroscopic analysis and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116406. [PMID: 33010601 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in determining the quality of wastewater and the safety of drinking water. This is the first review to compare two types of popular DOM monitoring techniques, including absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) vs. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), for the applications in wastewater and drinking water treatments. The optical techniques provide a series of indices for tracking the quantity and quality of chromophoric and fluorescent DOM, while FT-ICR-MS is capable of identifying thousands of DOM compounds in wastewater and drinking water at the molecule level. Both types of monitoring techniques are increasingly used in studying DOM in wastewater and drinking water treatments. They provide valuable insights into the variability of DOM composition in wastewater and drinking water. The complexity and diversity of DOM highlight the challenges for effective water treatments. Different effects of various treatment processes on DOM are also assessed, which indicates that the information on DOM composition and its removal is key to optimize the treatment processes. Considering notable progress in advanced treatment processes and novel materials for removing DOM, it is important to continuously utilize these powerful monitoring tools for assessing the responses of different DOM constituents to a series of treatment processes, which can achieve an effective removal of DOM and the quality of treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Shi
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wan-E Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Liyang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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28
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Rutlidge H, McDonough LK, Oudone P, Andersen MS, Meredith K, Chinu K, Peterson M, Baker A. Characterisation of groundwater dissolved organic matter using LCOCD: Implications for water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116422. [PMID: 33027696 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The polarity and molecular weight of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important factor determining the treatability of water for domestic supply. DOM in surface water and groundwater is comprised of a mixture of carbon with varying molecular weight ranges, with its composition driven by DOM sources and processing. Here, we present the largest dataset of chromatographic DOM in surface and groundwater samples (n = 246) using liquid chromatography organic carbon detection (LCOCD). Our data represents four categories (surface water, hyporheic zone water, local groundwater, and regional groundwater) from five different sites across Australia. In all environments, high molecular weight hydrophilic DOM such as biopolymers (BP) and humic substances (HS) are present in surface waters and are processed out of groundwater as it moves from surface water and hyporheic zones into shallow local groundwater and deeper regional groundwaters. This results in a higher percentage of low molecular weight neutrals (LMWN) and hydrophobic organic carbon (HOC) in deeper regional groundwaters. Our findings indicate that the presence of sedimentary organic matter strongly influence the character of surface and groundwater DOM, resulting in groundwater with higher HS aromaticity and molecular weight, and reduced percentage of LMWNs. We also observe highly variable hydrophilic / HOC ratios in groundwater at all sites, with 9.60% and 25.64% of samples at sites containing sedimentary peat layers and non-sedimentary peat sites respectively containing only hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We identify average hydrophilic / HOC ratios of 4.35 ± 3.76 and 7.53 ± 5.32 at sites containing sedimentary peat layers and non-sedimentary peat sites respectively where both hydrophilic DOC and HOC are present. Overall our results suggest that fractured rock and alluvial aquifers in sedimentary organic carbon poor environments may contain DOC which is better suited to ozonation, biologically activated carbon filtration powdered activated carbon, suspended ion exchange treatment or magnetic ion exchange resin since DOC is more hydrophilic and of lower molecular weight and lower aromaticity. Aquifers located near sedimentary organic matter layers may benefit from pre-treatment by coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration which have high removal efficiency for high molecular weight and polar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Rutlidge
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Liza K McDonough
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Phetdala Oudone
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Martin S Andersen
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Karina Meredith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Khorshed Chinu
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Peterson
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Andy Baker
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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29
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Zheng Y, He W, Li B, Hur J, Guo H, Li X. Refractory Humic-like Substances: Tracking Environmental Impacts of Anthropogenic Groundwater Recharge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15778-15788. [PMID: 33216533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To unravel the crucial components of natural organic matter that respond to the process of anthropogenic groundwater recharge (AGR) from different recharge water sources, dissolved organic matter (DOM) and base-extractable particulate organic matter (POM) in groundwater and surface water were analyzed using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). The EEM and traditional spectral indices of samples show that the fluorescent intensity, molecular weight, and humification degree of the DOM were relatively higher than those of the POM, and the groundwater in the reclaimed water recharge area (RWRA) was more contaminated than in the south-to-north water recharge area (SNWRA). PARAFAC analysis indicates that the DOM was dominated by an allochthonous humic-like substance (C1), whereas the POM was dominated by tryptophan-like substances associated with microbial activity (C2). Partitioning of PARAFAC components between DOM and POM showed that the humic-like substances (C1 and C4) were more likely to be distributed into a dissolved phase compared to the protein-like substances (C2 and C3), which suggested the potential use of C1 and C4 as a tracking indicator. In particular, the clear gradient distributions along both the hydrogeological profile and different aquifer systems in terms of the concentration and composition of C1 also discriminated between the RWRA and SNWRA with regard to the effects of various AGRs on the groundwater. The association between C1 and water-quality indicators revealed by principal component analysis further indicated that refractory humic-like substances would track the environmental impacts of intentional AGR processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Binghua Li
- Department of Water Resources, Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Huaming Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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30
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Fuentes-Rivas RM, Martínez-Alva G, Ramos-Leal JA, de León GSC, Moran-Ramírez J, de Oca RMGFM. Assessment of contamination by anthropogenic dissolved organic matter in the aquifer that underlies the agricultural area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45859-45873. [PMID: 32803610 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of wastewater for agricultural irrigation is a common practice worldwide; long-term use of wastewater can have adverse effects, such as the migration of the anthropogenic dissolved organic matter into the aquifer. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (EEM) was used to investigate the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater and irrigation wastewater, to establish the effect of intensive irrigation on the water quality from the aquifer that underlies the area. The fluorescence spectra showed the presence of humic and fulvic acids and anthropogenic organic compounds similar to aromatic proteins and soluble microbial products in wastewater resources. The significant fraction of DOM in groundwater samples are aromatic proteins and soluble microbial products, identical to wastewater. Chlorides and nitrate ion concentrations suggest a local flow system. High levels of TDS are associated with intensive irrigation with residual water and the return irrigation associated with a gradual increase in salts of CO32-, NO3-, HCO3-, Cl-, and SO42-. The anthropogenic DOM is a useful indicator of water quality management in groundwater based on origin tracking of DOM and changes in organic pollutants. Fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to investigate groundwater pollution characteristics and monitor DOM dynamics in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María Fuentes-Rivas
- Geography Department, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Cerro de Coatepec s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 50110, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
- Applied Geosciences Division, Potosin Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, C.A. (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa San José # 2055, Lomas 4a, Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosi, San Luís Potosí, Mexico
| | - Germán Martínez-Alva
- Medicine Department, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Tollocan esquina Jesús Carranza S/N, 50180, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Alfredo Ramos-Leal
- Applied Geosciences Division, Potosin Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, C.A. (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa San José # 2055, Lomas 4a, Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosi, San Luís Potosí, Mexico
| | - German Santa Cruz de León
- Water and Society Program, College of San Luis C. A. (COLSAN), Parque de Macul 155, Colinas del Parque, C.P. 78294, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Janete Moran-Ramírez
- Institute of Geophysics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Cd. Mx, 04150, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Reyna María Guadalupe Fonseca-Montes de Oca
- Inter-American Institute of Technology and Water Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Carretera Toluca Atlacomulco Km 14.5, Unidad San Cayetano, 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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31
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Saccò M, Blyth AJ, Humphreys WF, Middleton JA, White NE, Campbell M, Mousavi-Derazmahalleh M, Laini A, Hua Q, Meredith K, Cooper SJB, Griebler C, Allard S, Grierson P, Grice K. Tracking down carbon inputs underground from an arid zone Australian calcrete. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237730. [PMID: 32857799 PMCID: PMC7454941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems play a key role in shaping the global carbon cycle and maintaining the ecological balance that sustains biodiversity worldwide. Surficial water bodies are often interconnected with groundwater, forming a physical continuum, and their interaction has been reported as a crucial driver for organic matter (OM) inputs in groundwater systems. However, despite the growing concerns related to increasing anthropogenic pressure and effects of global change to groundwater environments, our understanding of the dynamics regulating subterranean carbon flows is still sparse. We traced carbon composition and transformations in an arid zone calcrete aquifer using a novel multidisciplinary approach that combined isotopic analyses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC) (δ13CDOC, δ13CDIC, 14CDOC and 14CDIC) with fluorescence spectroscopy (Chromophoric Dissolved OM (CDOM) characterisation) and metabarcoding analyses (taxonomic and functional genomics on bacterial 16S rRNA). To compare dynamics linked to potential aquifer recharge processes, water samples were collected from two boreholes under contrasting rainfall: low rainfall ((LR), dry season) and high rainfall ((HR), wet season). Our isotopic results indicate limited changes and dominance of modern terrestrial carbon in the upper part (northeast) of the bore field, but correlation between HR and increased old and 13C-enriched DOC in the lower area (southwest). CDOM results show a shift from terrestrially to microbially derived compounds after rainfall in the same lower field bore, which was also sampled for microbial genetics. Functional genomic results showed increased genes coding for degradative pathways-dominated by those related to aromatic compound metabolisms-during HR. Our results indicate that rainfall leads to different responses in different parts of the bore field, with an increase in old carbon sources and microbial processing in the lower part of the field. We hypothesise that this may be due to increasing salinity, either due to mobilisation of Cl- from the soil, or infiltration from the downstream salt lake during HR. This study is the first to use a multi-technique assessment using stable and radioactive isotopes together with functional genomics to probe the principal organic biogeochemical pathways regulating an arid zone calcrete system. Further investigations involving extensive sampling from diverse groundwater ecosystems will allow better understanding of the microbiological pathways sustaining the ecological functioning of subterranean biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Saccò
- WA-Organic Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alison J. Blyth
- WA-Organic Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - William F. Humphreys
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Collections and Research Centre, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, WA, Australia
| | - Jen A. Middleton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole E. White
- Trace and Environmental DNA Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew Campbell
- WA-Organic Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Masha Mousavi-Derazmahalleh
- Trace and Environmental DNA Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alex Laini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Quan Hua
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag Kirrawee DC, NSW, Australia
| | - Karina Meredith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag Kirrawee DC, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven J. B. Cooper
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christian Griebler
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastien Allard
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Pauline Grierson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kliti Grice
- WA-Organic Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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32
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Qiao W, Guo H, He C, Shi Q, Xiu W, Zhao B. Molecular Evidence of Arsenic Mobility Linked to Biodegradable Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7280-7290. [PMID: 32407084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) and their potential connections to arsenic enrichment processes remain poorly understood. Here, we examine dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater and water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) in aquifer sediments being depth-matched with groundwater samples from a typical arid-semiarid basin (Hetao Basin, China) hosting high arsenic groundwater. We used Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to determine molecular characteristics of DOM and WSOM and evaluate potential roles of biodegradable compounds in microbially mediated arsenic mobility at the molecular level. High-arsenic groundwater DOM was generally enriched in recalcitrant molecules (including lignins and aromatic structures). Although potential contribution of recalcitrant compounds to arsenic enrichment cannot be ruled out, preferential degradation of the labile molecules coupled with reduction of Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides seemed to dominate arsenic mobilization. Both the number and the intensity of biodegradable compounds (including aliphatic/proteins and carbohydrates) were higher in WSOM than those in DOM in depth-matched high-arsenic groundwater (arsenic >0.67 μmol/L or 50 μg/L). Groundwater arsenic concentration generally increased with the increase in the number and the intensity of unique biodegradable compounds (especially N-containing compounds) in WSOM at matched depths. Anoxic incubations of sediments and deionized water show that more arsenic and Fe(II) were released from aquifer sediments with greater numbers and intensities of consumed biodegradable compounds in WSOM (especially N-containing compounds), with a higher proportion of microbially derived compounds produced. These observations indicate that the biodegradation of aliphatic/proteins and carbohydrates (especially CHON formulas) in WSOM fueling the reductive dissolution of Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides predominantly promotes arsenic release from aquifer solids. Our unique data present a better understanding of arsenic mobilization shaped by microbial degradation of labile organic compounds in anoxic aquifers at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Huaming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Wei Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
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33
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Du Y, Deng Y, Ma T, Xu Y, Tao Y, Huang Y, Liu R, Wang Y. Enrichment of Geogenic Ammonium in Quaternary Alluvial-Lacustrine Aquifer Systems: Evidence from Carbon Isotopes and DOM Characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6104-6114. [PMID: 32356982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Geogenic ammonium in groundwater owing to mineralization of natural organic matter (NOM) has been reported in different geologic settings, but detailed mechanisms responsible for high ammonium concentration levels are poorly understood. To this end, we chose Quaternary high ammonium aquifer systems in central Yangtze River basins and used carbon isotopes in both dissolved organic carbon and inorganic carbon together with characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and groundwater chemistry to reveal mechanisms related to the genesis of ammonium. The results indicate that high levels of geogenic ammonium (up to 33.50 mg/L as N) occur due to long-term water-rock interactions in a relatively sluggish hydrogeological environment with abundant organic matter that is rich in both C and N. The stable carbon isotope data suggest that ammonium in the groundwater is released from intensive degradation of organic matter with higher contents of ammonium associated with methanogenesis. The optical signatures of DOM indicate ammonium in the groundwater is mostly associated with terrestrial humic-like components rather than protein-like components. Molecular characterization of DOM by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) shows that, compared to low ammonium groundwater, high ammonium groundwater has larger mass weights, greater abundance of CHO+N compounds, higher percentages of lignin- and condensed-hydrocarbon-like components, lower H/C ratios, higher nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC) values and more double bonds, rings, and aromatic structures. Strong degradation of NOM and preferential utilization of energetically more favorable, terrestrial humic-like components (lignin-like as the main class) with high NOSC values facilitates the formation of high ammonium groundwater. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to use carbon isotopes and DOM characteristics to identify enrichment mechanisms for geogenic ammonium in alluvial-lacustrine aquifer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Du
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Geological Survey Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanqiu Tao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanwen Huang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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