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Nidheesh PV, Kumar M, Venkateshwaran G, Ambika S, Bhaskar S, Vinay, Ghosh P. Conversion of locally available materials to biochar and activated carbon for drinking water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141566. [PMID: 38428536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
For environmental sustainability and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking water treatment must be done at a reasonable cost with minimal environmental impact. Therefore, treating contaminated drinking water requires materials and approaches that are inexpensive, produced locally, and effortlessly. Hence, locally available materials and their derivatives, such as biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC) were investigated thoroughly. Several researchers and their findings show that the application of locally accessible materials and their derivatives are capable of the adsorptive removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from drinking water. The application of locally available materials such as lignocellulosic materials/waste and its thermo-chemically derived products, including BC and AC were found effective in the treatment of contaminated drinking water. Thus, this review aims to thoroughly examine the latest developments in the use of locally accessible feedstocks for tailoring BC and AC, as well as their features and applications in the treatment of drinking water. We attempted to explain facts related to the potential mechanisms of BC and AC, such as complexation, co-precipitation, electrostatic interaction, and ion exchange to treat water, thereby achieving a risk-free remediation approach to polluted water. Additionally, this research offers guidance on creating efficient household treatment units based on the health risks associated with customized adsorbents and cost-benefit analyses. Lastly, this review work discusses the current obstacles for using locally accessible materials and their thermo-chemically produced by-products to purify drinking water, as well as the necessity for technological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - G Venkateshwaran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India
| | - S Ambika
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, NIT Campus, P.O 673 601, Kozhikode, India
| | - Vinay
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Industrial Pollution Control-IV Division, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, 110032, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Zhao HX, Zhang S, Zhang TY, Zhu YP, Pan RJ, Xu MY, Zheng ZX, Hu CY, Tang YL, Xu B. Comparison of four pre-oxidants coupled powdered activated carbon adsorption for odor compounds and algae removal: Kinetics, process optimization, and formation of disinfection byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168920. [PMID: 38029977 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Pre-oxidation and powdered activate carbon (PAC) are usually used to remove algae and odorants in drinking waterworks. However, the influence of interaction between oxidants and PAC on the treatment performance are scarcely known. This study systematically investigated the combination schemes of four oxidants (KMnO4, NaClO, ClO2, and O3) and PAC on the inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa cells and removal of four frequently detected odorants in raw water (diethyl disulfide (DEDS), 2,2'-oxybis(1chloropropane) (DCIP), 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM)). O3 showed highest pseudo-first-order removal rate for all four compounds and NaClO exhibited highest inactivation rates for the cell viability and Chlorophyll a (Chl-a). The Freundlich model fitted well for the adsorption of DEDS and DCIP by PAC. When treated by combined oxidation/PAC, the removal ratio of algae cells and odorants were lower (at least 1.6 times) than the sum of removal ratios obtained in oxidation or PAC adsorption alone. Among these four oxidants, the highest synchronous control efficiency of odorants (52 %) and algae (66 %) was achieved by NaClO/PAC. Prolonging the dosage time interval promoted the removal rates. The pre-PAC/post-oxidation processes possessed comparable efficiency for the removal of odorants and algae cells comparing with pre-oxidation/post-PAC process, but significantly inhibited formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), especially for the formation of C-DBPs (for NaClO and ClO2), bromate (for O3) and chlorate/chlorite (for ClO2). This study could provide a better understanding of improving in-situ operation of the combined pre-treatments of oxidation and PAC for source water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Xuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Yi-Ping Zhu
- Shanghai Chengtou Raw Water Limited Company, Shanghai 200125, PR China
| | - Ren-Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Meng-Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zheng-Xiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chen-Yan Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Chen Y, Zhang B, Zhang P, Shi G, Liang H, Cai W, Gao J, Zhuang S, Luo K, Zhu J, Chen C, Ma K, Chen J, Hu C, Xing X. Synergistic effects of trace sulfadiazine and corrosion scales on disinfection by-product formation in bulk water of cast iron pipe. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122866. [PMID: 37926409 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of trace sulfadiazine (SDZ) and cast-iron corrosion scales on the disinfection by-product (DBP) formation in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) were investigated. The results show that under the synergistic effect of trace SDZ (10 μg/L) and magnetite (Fe3O4), higher DBP concentration occurred in the bulk water with the transmission and distribution of the drinking water. Microbial metabolism-related substances, one of the important DBP precursors, increased under the SDZ/Fe3O4 condition. It was found that Fe3O4 induced a faster microbial extracellular electron transport (EET) pathway, resulting in a higher microbial regrowth activity. On the other hand, the rate of chlorine consumption was quite high, and the enhanced microbial EET based on Fe3O4 eliminated the need for microorganisms to secrete excessive extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). More importantly, EPS could be continuously secreted due to the higher microbial activity. Finally, high reactivity between EPS and chlorine disinfectant resulted in the continuous formation of DBPs, higher chlorine consumption, and lower EPS content. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the trace antibiotics polluted water sources and cast-iron corrosion scale composition in the future. This study reveals the synergistic effects of trace antibiotics and corrosion scales on the DBP formation in DWDSs, which has important theoretical significance for the DBP control of tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Boxuan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pojun Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guogui Shi
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wu Cai
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyu Gao
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sumin Zhuang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaiyin Luo
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chaoxiang Chen
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Kunyu Ma
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jinrong Chen
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xueci Xing
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Cheng X, Dong H, Qiang Z. Formation and transformation of pre-chlorination-formed disinfection byproducts in drinking water treatment process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166241. [PMID: 37591391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
As pre-chlorination is increasingly adopted in drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), an attractive question emerged: how the disinfection by-products that formed during pre-chlorination (preformed DBPs) would be transformed in the drinking water treatment process? This study investigated the DBP formation kinetics and molecular characteristics in chlorinated source water, DBP transformation and removal in practical DWTP. It was found that the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) followed pseudo first-order kinetic model and the intensified Br- exposure facilitated the transformation of TCM into TBM. As Br- concentration shifted from 0.5 mg L-1 to 2.0 mg L-1, the predicted maximum yield of TBM was doubled to 53.7 μg L-1 with the increase of formation rate constant (k-value) from 0.249 h-1 to 0.336 h-1. Besides known DBPs, the molecular-scale investigation unveiled that the preformed unknown Cl-DBPs were a cluster of unsaturated aromatic DBPs ((DBE-O)/Cwa = 0.16, AImod, wa = 0.36) with high H/C (H/Cwa = 1.25). Pre-ozonation exhibited a preferential removal pattern towards condensed aromatic preformed Cl-DBPs with high H/C (AImod ≥ 0.67, H/C > 1.2 and O/C < 0.3). However, the removal of Cl-DBPs in coagulation-clarification process was limited with 56 more unknown Cl-DBP formulas identified. O3-biological activated carbon process exhibited effective removal of preformed DBPs featured with low MW (carbon number ≤ 13), high unsaturation (DBE ≥ 7), condensed aromaticity (AImod ≥ 0.67), and higher H/C (H/C > 1.6). When the pre-chlorination process is adopted, the removal of preformed DBPs during the conventional treatment process is limited, while advanced treatment process can effectively remove these preformed DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Gao Y, Zhuang Y, Wu S, Qi Z, Li P, Shi B. Enhanced disinfection byproducts formation by fine iron particles intercepted in household point-of-use facilities. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120320. [PMID: 37454460 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
To cope with the demand for good-quality potable water, household point-of-use (POU) facilities such as polypropylene cotton filters (PCFs) are widely used. However, the behaviors of new and used PCFs under discoloration are unclear. In this study, we found that new PCF did not effectively intercept particles under discoloration within the initial 5 d of inflow. In addition, the particles, especially the fine ones, accumulated in the long-used PCF exacerbated the risks of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and microbes. The concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) in the effluent run through the PCF all increased over time; interestingly, all sharply increased after 5 d in accordance with the decrease in effluent iron particles. During this stage, maximum increases rate of 117.89% in THMs and 75.12% in HANs were observed. For haloacetic acids (HAAs), it served as the dominant contaminants, with concentrations approximately 10-fold greater than those of THMs and HANs. The increase showed that used PCFs could exacerbate the risks in DBPs exposure. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) also showed a similar trend, with a maximum increase from 0.0033 to 0.0055 nmol/mL. Thus, PCFs can act only as pretreatment units and should be replaced after yellow water events. This study offers important guidance for PCF usage in drinking water purification, especially under discoloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Shuxuan Wu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenguo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Penglu Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Kang Y, Lian J, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Li W, Dong H, Wang Y, Zeng J, Qiang Z. Interactions between H 2O 2 and dissolved organic matter during granular activated carbon-based residual H 2O 2 quenching from the upstream UV/H 2O 2 process. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 128:139-149. [PMID: 36801030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration can be employed to synchronously quench residual H2O2 from the upstream UV/H2O2 process and further degrade dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) were performed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the interactions between H2O2 and DOM during the GAC-based H2O2 quenching process. It was observed that GAC can catalytically decompose H2O2, with a long-lasting high efficiency (>80% for approximately 50,000 empty-bed volumes). DOM inhibited GAC-based H2O2 quenching via a pore-blocking effect, especially at high concentrations (10 mg/L), with the adsorbed DOM molecules being oxidized by the continuously generated ·OH; this further deteriorated the H2O2 quenching efficiency. In batch experiments, H2O2 could enhance DOM adsorption by GAC; however, in RSSCTs, it deteriorated DOM removal. This observation could be attributed to the different ·OH exposure in these two systems. It was also observed that aging with H2O2 and DOM altered the morphology, specific surface area, pore volume, and the surface functional groups of GAC, owing to the oxidation effect of H2O2 and ·OH on the GAC surface as well as the effect of DOM. Additionally, the changes in the content of persistent free radicals in the GAC samples were insignificant following different aging processes. This work contributes to enhancing understanding regarding the UV/H2O2-GAC filtration scheme, and promoting the application in drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Kang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Junfeng Lian
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Basin Pollution Simulation and Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Yichun Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Basin Pollution Simulation and Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zuwen Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Basin Pollution Simulation and Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuanyue Wang
- CECEP Environmental Protection Investment Development (Jiangxi) Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jinfeng Zeng
- Hydrology and Water Resources Monitoring Center for Ganjiang Upstream Watershed, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Wang L, Wang H, Deng J, Liu J, Wu Y, Huang S, Ma X, Li X, Dietrich AM. Enhanced dehalogenation of brominated DBPs by catalyzed electrolysis using Vitamin B 12 modified electrodes: Kinetics, mechanisms, and mass balances. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:131052. [PMID: 36827722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (VB12) modified electrodes were prepared for the electrocatalytic reductive debromination of tribromoacetic acid (TBAA). Under galvanostatic conditions set as 5 mmol/L VB12 loading, 20 mmol/L Na2SO4 as electrolyte, 10.0 mA/cm2 current density, pH 3, and 298 K, the degradation efficiency of 200 μg/L TBAA at the VB12 modified electrode could reach 99.9 % after 6 h. The debromination of TBAA followed the first-order kinetic model. The masses of carbon and bromine elements were conserved before and after the reaction, together with the qualitative analysis of the degradation products showed the likely degradation pathways as TBAA→dibromoacetic acid (DBAA)→monobromoacetic acid (MBAA)→acetic acid (AA). ESR detection and quenching experiments confirmed the role of atomic H* in TBAA debromination. In-situ Raman spectroscopy showed that the Co-Br bond was strongly enriched to the electrode surface, accelerating the electron transfer. The H2O dissociation performance and transition states searching catalyzed by VB12 were calculated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) and proved that the composite electrode can effectively promote atomic H* generation. Material characterization and electrochemical performance tests showed that the VB12 modified electrode had excellent stability and atomic H* catalytic activity. The electrocatalytic debromination of TBAA at VB12 modified electrodes mainly involves two mechanisms, direct reduction by electron transfer and indirect reduction by the strongly reducing atom H*. The results provide an efficient way to achieve safe removal of brominated DBPs from drinking water after chlorination and before human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Junping Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yifei Wu
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Sinong Huang
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Andrea M Dietrich
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Ni L, Hu J, Mao J, Li S, Wang H, Lu J. Effects of graphitic carbon nitride in the formation of disinfection byproducts. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:1660-1671. [PMID: 37051789 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (CN) was a promising candidate for efficient environmental remediation in the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). However, whether CN itself had some potential environmental risks, such as affecting the production of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) was still unknown. This study investigated the formation potential of DBPs in the presence of CN. The experimental data revealed that CN had a high potential to form DBPs, and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) was the most produced species during the chlorination and chloramination processes. Moreover, the effects of chlorine time, chlorine dosage, pH, and CN dosage during the chlorination process were evaluated to understand the formation pattern of DBPs. The possible mechanism of DBPs formation was deduced by analyzing the results of FTIR, Raman, and XPS before and after chlorination. Finally, the DBPs formation potential and cytotoxicity of the CN leaching solution were investigated, indicating CN could leach the precursors of DBPs and that the potential toxicity of the leaching solution increased with the extension of CN immersion time. In general, this research adds an understanding of the DBP formation of CN in water treatment systems and sheds light on CN's environmental potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Ni
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Mao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jinfeng Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin 300071, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Nankai University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, China
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Yang H, Qiu R, Tang Y, Ye S, Wu S, Qin F, Xiang L, Tan X, Zeng G, Yan M. Carbonyl and defect of metal-free char trigger electron transfer and O 2- in persulfate activation for Aniline aerofloat degradation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119659. [PMID: 36716570 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Residual flotation reagents in mineral processing wastewater can trigger severe ecological threats to the local groundwater if they are discharged without treatment. Metal-free biochar-induced persulfate-advanced oxidation processes (KCBC/PS) were used in this study to elucidate the degradation of aniline aerofloat (AAF) - a typical flotation reagent. In KCBC/PS system, AAF can be removed at low doses of catalyst (KCBC, 0.05 g/L) and oxidant (PS, 0.3 mM) additions with high efficiency. The analysis revealed the dominance of O2•- among the identified reactive oxygen species (ROS), which achieved deeper mineralization for the AAF degradation in the KCBC/PS system. The role of the electron transfer mechanism was equally important; the importance was corroborated by the chemical quenching experiments, electron spin resonance (ESR) detection, probe experiments, and electrochemical analysis. It benefited from the electron transfer mechanism in the KCBC/PS system and exhibited a wide pH adaptation (3.5-11) and high resistance to inorganic anions for real mining wastewater treatment. Combined with theoretical calculations and other analyses, the carbonyl group was deemed to be the active site of the non-radical pathway of biochar, while the site of the conversion of SO4•- to superoxide radicals by biochar activation represented a defect. These findings revealed a synergistic effect of multiple active sites on PS activation in biochar-based materials. Moreover, the intermediate degradation products of AAF from mass spectrometry indicated a possible pathway through the density functional theory (DFT) method, which was effective in reducing the environmental toxicity of pollutants for the first time according to the T.E.S.T software and seed germination experiments. Overall, our study proposed a novel modification strategy for cost-effective and environmentally friendly biochar-based catalysts, while also deepening our understanding of the mechanism of activation of persulfate by metal-free carbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yetao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shujing Ye
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, PR China
| | - Fanzhi Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ling Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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10
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Forés E, Mejías-Molina C, Ramos A, Itarte M, Hundesa A, Rusiñol M, Martínez-Puchol S, Esteve-Bricullé P, Espejo-Valverde A, Sirés I, Calvo M, Araujo RM, Girones R. Evaluation of pathogen disinfection efficiency of electrochemical advanced oxidation to become a sustainable technology for water reuse. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137393. [PMID: 36442679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water treatment and reuse is gaining acceptance as a strategy to fight against water contamination and scarcity, but it usually requires complex treatments to ensure safety. Consequently, the electrochemical advanced processes have emerged as an effective alternative for water remediation. The main objective here is to perform a systematic study that quantifies the efficiency of a laboratory-scale electrochemical system to inactivate bacteria, bacterial spores, protozoa, bacteriophages and viruses in synthetic water, as well as in urban wastewater once treated in a wetland for reuse in irrigation. A Ti|RuO2-based plate and Si|BDD thin-film were comparatively employed as the anode, which was combined with a stainless-steel cathode in an undivided cell operating at 12 V. Despite the low resulting current density (<15 mA/cm2), both anodes demonstrated the production of oxidants in wetland effluent water. The disinfection efficiency was high for the bacteriophage MS2 (T99 in less than 7.1 min) and bacteria (T99 in about 30 min as maximum), but limited for CBV5 and TuV, spores and amoebas (T99 in more than 300 min). MS2 presented a rapid exponential inactivation regardless of the anode and bacteria showed similar sigmoidal curves, whereas human viruses, spores and amoebas resulted in linear profiles. Due the different sensitivity of microorganisms, different models must be considered to predict their inactivation kinetics. On this basis, it can be concluded that evaluating the viral inactivation from inactivation profiles determined for bacteria or some bacteriophages may be misleading. Therefore, neither bacteria nor bacteriophages are suitable models for the disinfection of water containing enteric viruses. The electrochemical treatment added as a final disinfection step enhances the inactivation of microorganisms, which could contribute to safe water reuse for irrigation. Considering the calculated low energy consumption, decentralized water treatment units powered by photovoltaic modules might be a near reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Forés
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mejías-Molina
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arantxa Ramos
- Secció de Microbiologia, Virologia i Biotecnologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Itarte
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ayalkibet Hundesa
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Rusiñol
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Martínez-Puchol
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Esteve-Bricullé
- Secció de Microbiologia, Virologia i Biotecnologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Espejo-Valverde
- Secció de Microbiologia, Virologia i Biotecnologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Calvo
- Secció d'Estadística, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Araujo
- Secció de Microbiologia, Virologia i Biotecnologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosina Girones
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Photocatalytic Disinfection of E. coli Using Silver-Doped TiO2 Coated on Cylindrical Cordierite Honeycomb Monolith Photoreactor Under Artificial Sunlight Irradiation. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Hu Q, Wang R, Gan Y, Zhang Y, Bao H, Zhang L, Qu G, Wang T. Chlorinated disinfection by-product formation during DOM removal by discharge plasma: Insights into DOC structure alterations. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Pandian AMK, Rajamehala M, Singh MVP, Sarojini G, Rajamohan N. Potential risks and approaches to reduce the toxicity of disinfection by-product - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153323. [PMID: 35066044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination through anthropogenic and industrial activities has led to the emergence and necessity of disinfection methods. Chlorine and bromine gases, often used to disinfect water, resulted in the by-product formation by reacting with organic matter. The Disinfectant by-products (DBP) led to the formation of Trihaloaceticacid (TAA), Trihalomethane (THM), and other minor components. The release of chemicals has also led to the outbreak of diseases like infertility, asthma, stillbirth, and types of cancer. There are new approaches that are found to be useful to compensate for the generation of toxic by-products and involve membrane technologies, namely reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration. This review mainly focuses on the toxicology effects of DBPs and various approaches to mitigate the same. The health hazards caused by different DBPs and the various treatment techniques available for the removal are discussed. In addition, a critical comparison of the different removal techniques was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muthu Kumara Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal 637205, India.
| | - M Rajamehala
- Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal 637205, India
| | - M Vijay Pradhap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal 637205, India
| | - G Sarojini
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, SVS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India
| | - N Rajamohan
- Chemical Engineering Section, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman
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