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Aizpurua E, Caravaca-Sánchez F, Wolff N. Validation and measurement invariance of the childhood trauma questionnaire short form among incarcerated men and women in Spain. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 147:106527. [PMID: 37950962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is highly prevalent among incarcerated individuals and contributes to a range of negative outcomes. Assessing traumatic childhood events in prison settings requires valid, reliable, and effective instruments. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS This study evaluated the performance of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF), originally developed and validated in English, within a sample of incarcerated men and women (n = 1118 and n = 207, respectively) in six Spanish prisons. RESULTS The results indicated that the CTQ-SF had an acceptable fit in our sample. However, the internal consistency of the Physical Neglect subscale was found to be deficient (α = 0.57), especially among women (α = 0.43). This finding aligns with previous research across different contexts, which may signal weaknesses in the original construction of this subscale. The CTQ-SF demonstrated limited invariance between men and women, with only configural invariance being achieved, constraining the comparisons that can be made across sexes. In the absence of scalar invariance, comparisons of factor means to assess severity may be misleading, and caution is recommended when comparing prevalence estimates for men and women in Spanish prisons. Nonetheless, our findings support the convergent validity of the CTQ-SF, as trauma severity showed moderate correlations with depression, anxiety, stress, and aggression. CONCLUSIONS These results underscore the importance of evaluating the performance of instruments across various cultural contexts and populations to ensure the validity of study conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Aizpurua
- National Centre for Social Research, London, United Kingdom..
| | | | - Nancy Wolff
- Bloustein Center for Survey Research. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 33 Livingston Avenue, Office 273, United States
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2
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Mambro A, Afshar A, Leone F, Dussault C, Stoové M, Savulescu J, Rich JD, Rowan DH, Sheehan J, Kronfli N. Reimbursing incarcerated individuals for participation in research: A scoping review. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 123:104283. [PMID: 38109837 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about global practices regarding the provision of reimbursement for the participation of people who are incarcerated in research. To determine current practices related to the reimbursement of incarcerated populations for research, we aimed to describe international variations in practice across countries and carceral environments to help inform the development of more consistent and equitable practices. METHODS We conducted a scoping review by searching PubMed, Cochrane library, Medline, and Embase, and conducted a grey literature search for English- and French-language articles published until September 30, 2022. All studies evaluating any carceral-based research were included if recruitment of incarcerated participants occurred inside any non-juvenile carceral setting; we excluded studies if recruitment occurred exclusively following release. Where studies failed to indicate the presence or absence of reimbursement, we assumed none was provided. RESULTS A total of 4,328 unique articles were identified, 2,765 were eligible for full text review, and 426 were included. Of these, 295 (69%) did not offer reimbursement to incarcerated individuals. A minority (n = 13; 4%) included reasons explaining the absence of reimbursement, primarily government-level policies (n = 7). Among the 131 (31%) studies that provided reimbursement, the most common form was monetary compensation (n = 122; 93%); five studies (4%) offered possible reduced sentencing. Reimbursement ranged between $3-610 USD in total and 14 studies (11%) explained the reason behind the reimbursements, primarily researchers' discretion (n = 9). CONCLUSIONS The majority of research conducted to date in carceral settings globally has not reimbursed incarcerated participants. Increased transparency regarding reimbursement (or lack thereof) is needed as part of all carceral research and advocacy efforts are required to change policies prohibiting reimbursement of incarcerated individuals. Future work is needed to co-create international standards for the equitable reimbursement of incarcerated populations in research, incorporating the voices of people with lived and living experience of incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mambro
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Avideh Afshar
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederic Leone
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Camille Dussault
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Stoové
- Burnet Institute, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian Savulescu
- Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josiah D Rich
- Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam and Rhode Island Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Daniel H Rowan
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Nadine Kronfli
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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White HR, Frisch-Scott NE. Childhood Victimization and Adult Incarceration: A Review of the Literature. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:1543-1559. [PMID: 35354348 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211073841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of work estimates the prevalence of childhood victimization among incarcerated people. The present study seeks to descriptively and quantitatively summarize this abundant literature by reviewing studies that report childhood victimization prevalence among people incarcerated in the United States. The review includes any study of childhood victimization that uses a sample of incarcerated adults (age eighteen or older) and that reports the proportion of the sample that experienced child abuse and/or neglect. Sixty-seven studies met these criteria and were analyzed, encompassing 1,187,044 incarcerated individuals. The studies vary in sample characteristics, methodological features, and employ an exceedingly wide range of victimization measures. Meta-analyses for pooled prevalence rates revealed that the inter-study heterogeneity was too great to draw conclusive summary estimates of childhood victimization from this literature, even when disaggregating by victimization type. Exploratory t-tests and correlation analyses suggest that a study's sample size, racial, ethnic, and gender composition, and variation in victimization measurement can influence reported child abuse and neglect, but more research is needed to fully assess how study characteristics influence reported victimization prevalence. Understanding the extensiveness of childhood victimization histories among incarcerated people emphasizes the need for robust screening and treatment for people within correctional facilities, as well as improved community prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R White
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nicole E Frisch-Scott
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
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4
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Stoliker BE, Wangler H, Abderhalden FP, Jewell LM. Lifetime and Jail-Specific Suicidal Ideation: Prevalence and Correlates in a Sample of People in Jail in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2023:306624X231170112. [PMID: 37098823 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x231170112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite high suicide mortality in U.S. jails, there is limited research into precursors for suicide in this population, such as suicidal ideation. The current study examined the prevalence and correlates of lifetime and jail-specific suicidal ideation among a sample of 196 individuals (137 men) in custody in a U.S. jail. Nearly half the sample had reported lifetime suicidal ideation (45%), whereas 30% had reported jail-specific suicidal ideation. Adjusted correlates of lifetime suicidal ideation included a history of mental illness (OR = 2.79) and drug use (OR = 2.70). Adjusted correlates of jail-specific suicidal ideation included a history of mental illness (OR = 2.74), drug use (OR = 3.16), and a dehumanizing custodial environment (OR = 3.74). Some theoretically and empirically relevant factors were not significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Both expected and unexpected findings are discussed within the context of suicide theory and research, and practical implications are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce E Stoliker
- Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science and Justice Studies, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Haile Wangler
- Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science and Justice Studies, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Frances P Abderhalden
- School of Criminal Justice and Criminalistics, California State University, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Lisa M Jewell
- Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science and Justice Studies, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
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5
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Stijelja S, Mishara BL. Preventing suicidal and self-Injurious behavior in correctional facilities: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 51:101560. [PMID: 35898320 PMCID: PMC9309412 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of suicide and self-harm are elevated in carceral institutions. Inmates are a vulnerable group since they are exposed to multiple risk factors. This paper critically reviews empirical research on programs to prevent suicidal and self-harmful behaviors in correctional facilities and summarizes effect sizes across studies. METHODS We searched PsychINFO, PubMed, IEEEXPLORE and the CRISE Documentation Centre Database to identify relevant articles published before June 2022. Inclusion criteria were: peer-reviewed and with outcome data on effectiveness of prevention activities. Two reviewers independently assessed 905 articles to determine inclusion eligibility. Quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Meta-analyses using random-effect models were used to pool effect sizes for each outcome. This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. FINDINGS Twenty-four of the 905 articles, published between 1980 and 2022, were included. Studies were frequently conducted in the United States (n=13; 54%) and used varying study designs; most frequently pre-post with no control group (n=9; 38%). Sample sizes and interventions varied considerably. Most were of moderate quality (n=21; 88%). On average, prevention programs in correctional facilities were effective in decreasing suicide deaths (pooled rate ratio of 0·35 [95% CI 0·23 to 0·55; p<0·001]; I2=68·01%), incidents of self-harm (pooled Hedges'g of -0·54 (95% CI: -1·03 to -0·05; p=0·031]; I2=81·34%), and suicidal ideation (pooled Hedges'g of -0·39 [95% CI: -0·65 to -0·14; p=0·003]; I2=47·09%). INTERPRETATION Prevention activities are effective in reducing suicide death, self-harm and suicidal ideation in correctional settings. Multicomponent programs, which include several preventive activities, seem to be most effective in reducing suicide deaths. Future evaluation studies should control for confounding variables by including control groups, having larger samples and limiting attrition. Standards for suicide prevention in jails and prisons should be included in National suicide prevention strategies. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stijelja
- Centre for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End of Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brian L. Mishara
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Corresponding author at: CRISE-UQAM, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
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6
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Mennicke A, Daniels K, Rizo CF. Suicide Completion Among Incarcerated Women. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2021; 27:14-22. [PMID: 34232762 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.18.12.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about factors that contribute to suicide completion among women who are incarcerated. The current study used data from the National Violent Death Reporting System to examine contributing factors for 176 suicide deaths from 2003 to 2015 in 21 states among women who were incarcerated. Common circumstances for suicide completion included mental health and substance use challenges. Women experienced these problems at rates higher than men who were incarcerated and completed suicide. In addition, women were more often the victim of violence and abuse. Qualitative narratives were coded, revealing that isolation and health concerns may also contribute to suicide risk for women who are incarcerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Mennicke
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kaylyn Daniels
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia Fraga Rizo
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Caravaca Sánchez F, Aizpurua E, Ricarte JJ, Barry TJ. Personal, Criminal and Social Predictors of Suicide Attempts in Prison. Arch Suicide Res 2021; 25:582-595. [PMID: 32169026 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1738293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous epidemiological analyses indicate that specific demographic and criminal factors might be associated with suicide attempts during incarceration. However, there is a relative lack of research examining the role of social variables such as perceived social support. Data from 943 male inmates enrolled from three correctional facilities in Spain were collected. Participants completed self-report measures of the demographic, penitentiary and sentence-related, social support and suicide attempts variables. Approximately 1 in 11 inmates indicated that they had attempted suicide during incarceration. Inmates who were 50 years or above and who were serving longer sentences were significantly more likely to attempt suicide. Perceived social support was not associated with suicide attempts. These characteristics might be included in the development of intervention programs for incarcerated individuals.
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8
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Stoliker BE, Verdun-Jones SN, Vaughan AD. Psychological and Sociological Perspectives on Suicide: A Multi-Level Examination of Suicidal Thoughts and Attempted Suicide among Prisoners. Arch Suicide Res 2021; 25:596-628. [PMID: 32169027 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1738294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Informed by psychological and sociological perspectives, the present study aimed to improve knowledge on the nature of suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide among adult prisoners. Analyzing data from a nationally representative sample of 18,185 prisoners housed in 287 state and 39 federal prisons across the United States highlight: (a) key micro-level factors associated with suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide, along with some distinct predictive patterns for suicidal thoughts versus attempted suicide; (b) similarities and differences between male and female prisoners concerning the predictive patterns of suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide; (c) the relationship between macro-level prison characteristics and prisoner suicidality. Discussion points toward a direction for future research on prisoner suicidality, as well as recommendations for managing at-risk prisoners.
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9
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LeBel TP, Rose SJ. The Persistent Impact of Childhood Trauma: Current Mental Health Challenges Faced by Women in Jail. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23774657.2020.1848483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. LeBel
- Department of Criminal Justice & Criminology, Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Susan J. Rose
- Department of Social Work, Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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10
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Dias de Castro Bins H, Dotta Panichi RM, Vernet Taborda JG, Arzeno Ferrão Y. Childhood trauma, psychiatric disorders, and criminality in women: Associations with serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2020; 71:101574. [PMID: 32768114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders and childhood trauma are highly prevalent in female inmates. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a number of roles in neuronal survival, structure, and function. Data in the literature suggest that it is a neurobiological substrate that moderates the impact of childhood adversities on the late expression of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to determine whether five childhood trauma subtypes-physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect-are associated with adult psychiatric disorders, BDNF levels, and criminality among incarcerated women. This was a cross-sectional study involving a consecutive sample of 110 women, divided into three groups of women (forensic - mentally ill who committed crimes, clinical psychiatric inpatients and healthy controls). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus were applied in the whole sample, and BDNF levels were measured in a sub-sample of 54 women. The rates of mental illness and childhood trauma were high in the forensic group. Emotional abuse was higher in the clinical and forensic groups than in the healthy control group. Lower BDNF levels were associated with emotional abuse in the forensic group as well as with sexual abuse in the healthy control group. After multinomial logistic regression, lower levels of BDNF, higher levels of emotional abuse and the presence of familial offense were considered factors related to clinical psychiatric group. The results of this study underscore the idea that BDNF may be an important factor related to the development of diseases and criminality in women who are victims of childhood trauma, becoming a possible biological marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Dias de Castro Bins
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Renata Maria Dotta Panichi
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo Vernet Taborda
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ygor Arzeno Ferrão
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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11
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Ford K, Bellis MA, Hughes K, Barton ER, Newbury A. Adverse childhood experiences: a retrospective study to understand their associations with lifetime mental health diagnosis, self-harm or suicide attempt, and current low mental wellbeing in a male Welsh prison population. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2020; 8:13. [PMID: 32533348 PMCID: PMC7291757 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-020-00115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prisoners are at increased risk of poor mental health and self-harming behaviours, with suicide being the leading cause of death in custody. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as child maltreatment are strong predictors of poor mental health and wellbeing yet despite high levels of ACEs in offender populations, relatively few studies have explored the relationships between ACEs and prisoners' mental health and wellbeing. We conducted an ACE survey with 468 male adult prisoners in a Welsh prison who were not currently considered to be at risk of self-harm and suicide and explored relationships between ACEs, lifetime mental illness diagnosis, self-harm (lifetime and lifetime in prison) or suicide attempt (lifetime and lifetime in prison), and current low mental wellbeing. RESULTS Most participants (84.2%) had suffered at least one ACE and 45.5% had suffered ≥4 ACEs. Prevalence of lifetime mental illness diagnosis, self-harm (lifetime and lifetime in prison) or suicide attempt (lifetime and lifetime in prison), and current low mental wellbeing increased with exposure to ACEs. For example, 2.7% of those with no ACEs reported lifetime self-harm or suicide attempt in prison compared with 31.0% (self-harm in prison) and 18.3% (suicide attempt in prison) of those with ≥4 ACEs. Compared with participants with no ACEs, those with ≥4 ACEs were four times more likely to report lifetime mental illness diagnosis and suicide attempt, and over 10 times more likely to report lifetime self-harm than those with no ACEs. Independent of lifetime mental illness diagnosis, self-harm or suicide attempt, participants with ≥4 ACEs were almost three times more likely to have current low mental wellbeing than those with no ACEs. CONCLUSIONS Male prisoners that have suffered multiple ACEs are substantially more likely to have lifetime mental illness diagnosis, self-harm or suicide attempt, and to have current low mental wellbeing whilst in prison. Findings suggest that trauma-informed approaches are needed in prisons to support prisoner mental health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kat Ford
- Public Health Collaborating Unit, School of Health Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham, LL13 7YP UK
| | - Mark A. Bellis
- Public Health Collaborating Unit, School of Health Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham, LL13 7YP UK
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Wellbeing, Policy and International Health Directorate, Public Health Wales, Wrexham, LL13 7YP UK
| | - Karen Hughes
- Public Health Collaborating Unit, School of Health Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham, LL13 7YP UK
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Wellbeing, Policy and International Health Directorate, Public Health Wales, Wrexham, LL13 7YP UK
| | - Emma R. Barton
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Wellbeing, Policy and International Health Directorate, Public Health Wales, Wrexham, LL13 7YP UK
| | - Annemarie Newbury
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Wellbeing, Policy and International Health Directorate, Public Health Wales, Wrexham, LL13 7YP UK
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McCauley HL, Richie F, Hughes S, Johnson JE, Zlotnick C, Rosen RK, Wechsberg WM, Kuo CC. Trauma, Power, and Intimate Relationships Among Women in Prison. Violence Against Women 2020; 26:659-674. [PMID: 30999810 PMCID: PMC6800585 DOI: 10.1177/1077801219842948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study, which included four focus groups of women (n = 21) in four New England prisons, aimed to understand how power impacted women's relationships, exposure to violence, and health. Women described power in three ways: (a) power as control over their sexuality and their sexual partners, (b) power emerging from emotional strength, and (c) power referring to a process of empowerment. Women's perceptions and experiences of power were informed by their trauma histories and influenced their sexual behavior and health. Our findings provide a framework for considering incarcerated women's experiences of power in trauma-informed interventions for this marginalized population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fallon Richie
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Sara Hughes
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Flint, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Caroline C. Kuo
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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13
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Fjeldsted R, Teasdale TW, Bach B. Childhood trauma, stressful life events, and suicidality in Danish psychiatric outpatients. Nord J Psychiatry 2020; 74:280-286. [PMID: 31833427 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1702096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence points to an association between adverse life experiences and suicide risk, which include childhood trauma and maltreatment as well as recent stressful life events. Accordingly, the assessment of childhood trauma and recent stressful life events might contribute to the detection of suicidal risk in a clinical setting.Aim: To investigate the association of childhood trauma and current stressful life events with suicidal behavior and improve identification of suicidality in psychiatric outpatients.Method: The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Stressful Life Events (SLE) questionnaire, and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) were administered to 103 psychiatric outpatients (77% women). We employed binary logistic regression analysis to estimate the statistical risk of suicide attempt for patients being exposed to childhood trauma and the influence of recent stresssful life events. A ROC-analysis was used to estimate the ability of CTQ to predict suicidal behavior.Results: A substantial association between suicidal behavior and severe childhood trauma was found (OR = 3.68), whereas no significant association was found for recent stressful life events. The result was tested against possible confounding demographic factors (sex, age, job status, educational level and marital status). Childhood trauma was found to explain around 15% of the total variance in suicidality.Conclusion: The findings partially supported our hypothesis that childhood traumas (but not recent stressful life events) may play a substantial role in suicidality, and therefore assessment of childhood trauma may contribute to the detection of suicidal behavior in a psychiatric outpatient population. However, longitudinal research and replication in other populations are warranted for more conclusive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fjeldsted
- Psychiatric Clinic Slagelse, Psychiatric Services Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Services Region Zealand, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Angelakis I, Austin JL, Gooding P. Childhood maltreatment and suicide attempts in prisoners: a systematic meta-analytic review. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1-10. [PMID: 31663847 PMCID: PMC6945324 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, the links between core types of childhood maltreatment and suicidal acts have become an increasingly important area of investigation. However, no meta-analytic review has examined this relationship in prisoners. We undertook the first systematic meta-analytic review examining the link between childhood maltreatment and suicide attempts in prisoners to redress this important gap. We searched Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL from inception until August 2019. Meta-analyses using random effect models were applied, and heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. Publication bias and risk of bias across studies were assessed. We identified 24 studies comprising 16 586 prisoners. The rates of different types of childhood maltreatment ranged between 29% and 68% [95% confidence interval (CI) 18-81%]. The rate of suicide attempts in prisoners was 23% (95% CI 18-27%). Main results demonstrated that sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 2.68, 95% CI 1.86-3.86], physical abuse (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.60-2.91), emotional abuse (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.92-3.79), emotional neglect (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.69-3.10), physical neglect (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.27-1.94) and combined abuse (OR 3.09, 95% CI 2.14-4.45) were strongly associated with suicide attempts in prisoners. There was an indication of publication bias. Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill method was applied, which increased the odds for suicide attempts. Given the high rates of prison suicide deaths and suicide attempts, our findings suggest an urgent need for targeted suicide prevention priorities for prisoners, with a particular focus on ameliorating the effects of childhood traumatic experiences on suicidal prisoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Angelakis
- University of South Wales, School of Psychology, Pontypridd, Wales, UK
| | | | - Patricia Gooding
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
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Zhong S, Zhu X, Mellsop G, Guo H, Chen Y, Luo C, Li Q, Zhou J, Wang X. Mental Health Problems, History of Drug Use, and Violent Offending Are Associated With Increased Suicide Risk in Imprisoned Females. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:395. [PMID: 31244694 PMCID: PMC6563421 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In western countries, imprisoned females are at high risk for suicide, but the risk in Chinese imprisoned females has not been well established. The aim of this study was to clarify the suicide risk and its correlates among imprisoned females in China. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, subjects were recruited from the Female Prison of Hunan province, China. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and criminological data. The Suicidality module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) 5.0 and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to assess suicide risk and mental health problems, respectively. Ordinal logistic regressions were used to identify independent factors associated with increased suicide risk. Results: A total of 2,709 imprisoned females completed the survey questionnaire. Twenty percent were rated as presenting suicide risk. Mental health problems [odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00-1.47], self-reported help-seeking for mental health problems (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.11-2.56), violent offending (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.37-2.09), history of drug use (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.15-1.84), family history of mental disorders (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.10-2.23), marital status (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.05-1.58), and low educational level (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.11-1.67) were independently associated with increased suicide risk. Conclusion: One fifth of the imprisoned females are at risk for suicide. This study highlights the importance of assessing mental health status for suicide prevention among female prisoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
- Suzhou Mental Health Center, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, the Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Graham Mellsop
- Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Chenyuli Luo
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Qiguang Li
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
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Ng QX, Yong BZJ, Ho CYX, Lim DY, Yeo WS. Early life sexual abuse is associated with increased suicide attempts: An update meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 99:129-141. [PMID: 29454220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is an emerging, yet preventable global health issue associated with significant mortality. Identification of underlying risk factors and antecedents may inform preventive strategies and interventions. This study serves to provide an updated meta-analysis examining the extent of association of early life sexual abuse with suicide attempts. Using the keywords [early abuse OR childhood abuse OR sexual OR rape OR molest* OR violence OR trauma OR PTSD] AND [suicid* OR premature OR unnatural OR deceased OR died OR mortality], a preliminary search on the PubMed, Ovid, PsychINFO, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases yielded 12,874 papers published in English between 1-Jan-1988 and 1-June-2017. Of these, only 47 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The 47 studies (25 cross-sectional, 14 cohort, 6 case-control and 2 twin studies) contained a total of 151,476 subjects. Random-effects meta-analysis found early life sexual abuse to be a significant risk factor for suicide attempts, compared to baseline population (pooled OR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.66 to 2.12, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies showed similar findings of increased risk as they yielded ORs of 1.98 (95% CI: 1.70 to 2.25, p < 0.001) and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.37 to 1.93, p < 0.001), respectively. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, childhood sexual abuse was consistently associated with increased risk of suicide attempts. The findings of the present study provide strong grounds for funding public policy planning and interventions to prevent sexual abuse and support its victims. Areas for future research should include preventive and treatment strategies and factors promoting resilience following childhood sexual abuse. Future research on the subject should have more robust controls and explore the differential effects of gender and intra-versus extra-familial sexual abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiang Ng
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore; MOH Holdings Pte Ltd, 1 Maritime Square, Singapore, 099253, Singapore.
| | | | | | - Donovan Yutong Lim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Wee-Song Yeo
- National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
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Ma Z, Bayley MT, Perrier L, Dhir P, Dépatie L, Comper P, Ruttan L, Lay C, Munce SEP. The association between adverse childhood experiences and adult traumatic brain injury/concussion: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 41:1360-1366. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1424957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zechen Ma
- Hull-Ellis Concussion Research Centre, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark T. Bayley
- Hull-Ellis Concussion Research Centre, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laure Perrier
- Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Priya Dhir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Paul Comper
- Hull-Ellis Concussion Research Centre, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lesley Ruttan
- Hull-Ellis Concussion Research Centre, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christine Lay
- Centre for Headache, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah E. P. Munce
- Hull-Ellis Concussion Research Centre, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Canada
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18
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Liu J, Fang Y, Gong J, Cui X, Meng T, Xiao B, He Y, Shen Y, Luo X. Associations between suicidal behavior and childhood abuse and neglect: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017. [PMID: 28623759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationships of some types of childhood maltreatment and suicidal behavior remain controversial and inconclusive. METHODS Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane library were searched for eligible studies, and the results were synthesized in meta-analyses. RESULTS childhood maltreatment was associated positively with suicidal behavior in the total population and maltreatment subgroups. Emotional abuse had the strongest effect (OR =2.33, SMD =0.660, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that the effects of childhood abuse (OR =1.55, SMD =0.523) and neglect (OR =1.25, SMD =0.31) were significant. According to the analysis of dichotomous outcomes, childhood maltreatment was associated positively with suicidal behavior in men and women (women: OR =4.84, P<0.001; men: OR =1.03, P<0.001). Among populations, childhood maltreatment had the strongest effect on suicidal behavior in the general population (OR =3.78, P<0.001). However, the analysis of continuous outcomes showed that the effect was strongest in patients with chronic schizophrenia (SMD =0.89, P<0.001). In addition, childhood maltreatment was associated positively with suicide attempt (OR =1.11, SMD =0.48, P<0.001), but not with suicidal ideation. LIMITATIONS Some subgroup samples were not sufficiently large. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment increases the risk of suicidal behavior. Emotional abuse had the strongest effect among the five types of maltreatment. The risk of suicidal behavior is higher in the general population, women, and individuals with chronic schizophrenia who have histories of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Liu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Fang
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Gong
- Department of Applied Psychology, Traditional Chinese Medicine University of Hunan, Changsha 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong He
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Shen
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.
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Allbaugh LJ, Florez IA, Turmaud DR, Quyyum N, Dunn SE, Kim J, Kaslow NJ. Child Abuse - Suicide Resilience Link in African American Women: Interpersonal Psychological Mediators. JOURNAL OF AGGRESSION, MALTREATMENT & TRAUMA 2017; 26:1055-1071. [PMID: 31105423 PMCID: PMC6519949 DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2017.1350773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior (IPTS) is an exemplary model for understanding the desire for suicidal behavior. As such, it is important to explore its applicability in ethnoracial minority groups at increasing risk for suicidal behavior, such as low-income African American women. Guided by the IPTS, the current study used five parallel mediation models to examine if there are links between individual types of childhood abuse (physical, sexual, emotional) and suicide resilience and between cumulative abuse (higher levels of abuse inclusive of all three types, more types of severe levels of abuse) and suicide resilience, and whether the three components of the model (thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, acquired capability for suicide) mediate these associations. In a sample of low-income, African American women (n = 179), higher levels of each of the three types of childhood abuse and cumulative abuse correlated with lower levels of suicide resilience. Parallel mediation analyses using bootstrapping techniques revealed that increased acquired capability for suicide mediated all five associations and perceived burdensomeness mediated three of the links (emotional abuse, cumulative abuse, and cumulative abuse-severe with suicide resilience). Attention is paid to the clinical implications of the findings in terms of attending to the acquired capability for suicide and suicide resilience in the assessment and treatment of low-income, suicidal, African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J. Allbaugh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ivonne Andrea Florez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Nadia Quyyum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah E. Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jungjin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadine J. Kaslow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ayhan G, Arnal R, Basurko C, About V, Pastre A, Pinganaud E, Sins D, Jehel L, Falissard B, Nacher M. Suicide risk among prisoners in French Guiana: prevalence and predictive factors. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:156. [PMID: 28464856 PMCID: PMC5414209 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide rates in prison are high and their risk factors are incompletely understood. The objective of the present study is to measure the risk of suicide and its predictors in the only prison of multicultural French Guiana. METHODS All new prisoners arriving between September 2013 and December 2014 were included. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used and socio-demographic data was collected. In order to identify the predictors of suicide risk multivariate logistic regression was used. RESULTS Of the 707 prisoners included 13.2% had a suicidal risk, 14.0% of whom had a high risk, 15.1% a moderate risk and 41.9% a low risk. Predictive factors were depression (OR 7.44, 95% CI: 3.50-15.87), dysthymia (OR 4.22, 95% CI: 1.34-13.36), panic disorder (OR 3.47, 95% CI: 1.33-8.99), general anxiety disorder (GAD) (OR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.13-4.22), men having been abused during childhood (OR 21.01, 95%, CI: 3.26-135.48), having been sentenced for sexual assault (OR 7.12, 95% CI: 1.98-25.99) and smoking (OR 2.93, 95%, CI 1.30-6.63). CONCLUSION The suicide risk was lower than in mainland France, possibly reflecting the differences in the social stigma attached to incarceration because of migrant populations and the importance and trivialization of drug trafficking among detainees. However, there were no differences between nationalities. The results reemphasize the importance of promptly identifying and treating psychiatric disorders, which were the main suicide risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülen Ayhan
- Inserm CIC 1424, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Avenue des Flamboyants, BP 6006, 97 306, Cayenne CEDEX, France.
| | - Romain Arnal
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Célia Basurko
- Inserm CIC 1424, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Avenue des Flamboyants, BP 6006, 97 306 Cayenne CEDEX, France
| | - Vincent About
- Unité de Soins et de Consultations Ambulatoires, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Agathe Pastre
- Unité de Soins et de Consultations Ambulatoires, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Eric Pinganaud
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Dominique Sins
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Louis Jehel
- Équipe IPSOM, INSERM 1178, Paris, France ,Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique France
| | | | - Mathieu Nacher
- Inserm CIC 1424, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Avenue des Flamboyants, BP 6006, 97 306 Cayenne CEDEX, France ,EA3593, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana France
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21
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Power J, Gobeil R, Beaudette JN, Ritchie MB, Brown SL, Smith HP. Childhood Abuse, Nonsuicidal Self-Injury, and Suicide Attempts: An Exploration of Gender Differences in Incarcerated Adults. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2016; 46:745-751. [PMID: 27291490 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between types of childhood abuse, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) was examined in a sample of 415 incarcerated adults (268 men, 147 women). Men and women were equally likely to experience childhood abuse, although women were more likely to report sexual abuse and men were more likely to report emotional neglect. Sexual abuse was the only type of abuse found to predict NSSI and suicide attempts in women. For men, physical abuse and physical neglect were significant predictors of NSSI and suicide attempts, respectively. Gender differences exist and should be examined in future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenelle Power
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Renee Gobeil
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mary B Ritchie
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shelley L Brown
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hayden P Smith
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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22
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Vahl P, van Damme L, Doreleijers T, Vermeiren R, Colins O. The unique relation of childhood emotional maltreatment with mental health problems among detained male and female adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 62:142-150. [PMID: 27842265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that emotional maltreatment is at least as harmful as physical and sexual abuse. Notwithstanding their high occurrence among detained adolescents, the link between emotional maltreatment and mental health problems in these youths is not well researched. This study, therefore, was designed to examine the unique link between emotional maltreatment and mental health problems, with particular attention to gender differences. Well validated self-report measures of maltreatment experiences (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and mental health problems (Youth Self Report) were completed by 341 detained adolescents (156 boys, 185 girls) aged 12 to 18 years. As expected, girls reported higher levels of maltreatment experiences and internalizing and externalizing mental health problems than boys. Blockwise multiple linear regression analyses indicated that in both genders emotional abuse was uniquely and positively associated with internalizing and externalizing mental health problems, over and above the influence of other types of maltreatment. Furthermore, sexual abuse was uniquely related with internalizing problems in girls only, whereas only in boys this type of abuse was uniquely related with externalizing problems. Detained adolescents who have been the victim of emotional abuse in combination with another type of maltreatment may be the worst subgroup in terms of mental health problems. Therefore, emotional maltreatment experiences in adolescents who offend should receive more research and clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vahl
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; Curium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, 2342 AK Oegstgeest, The Netherlands.
| | - Lore van Damme
- Department of Special Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Theo Doreleijers
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; VUmc de Bascule, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Vermeiren
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; Curium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, 2342 AK Oegstgeest, The Netherlands; VUmc de Bascule, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Colins
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; Curium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, 2342 AK Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
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23
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Prison suicide in female detainees in Germany 2000-2013. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; 44:68-71. [PMID: 27636654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Specific risk factors for suicide among female prisoners were examined using an exhaustive sample of all suicides in German prisons between 2000 and 2013. The rate of prison suicide was lower among female (53,5/100,000) than among male prisoners (101/100,000). Differences between the genders regarding the various risk factors for prison suicide are few. Significant differences were observed only for bullying among men and higher percentages of drug withdrawal syndrome among women. Factors specific to the prison setting that contribute to suicide risk in incarcerated women should be examined.
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24
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Mollard E, Brage Hudson D. Nurse-Led Trauma-Informed Correctional Care for Women. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2016; 52:224-30. [PMID: 25980434 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Incarcerated women are a vulnerable and unique population of special concern to nurses as they have high rates of mental illness. In this article, the authors discuss how trauma exposure contributes to mental illness in incarcerated women through abuse, socioeconomic factors, and the prison environment, how this trauma exposure manifests in the inmate survivor, and the related implications for practice. CONCLUSIONS A history of trauma and victimization is related to complex mental health issues which affect the majority of justice-involved women. The correctional environment can exacerbate these issues. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nursing implications include discussion of the trauma-informed care model. The authors recommend a model of trauma-informed care named "the 4 Es" that can guide nurses in preparing a trauma-informed correctional environment and discuss the importance of nurse-led policy change in finding alternatives to incarceration for women with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mollard
- Bryan College of Health Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska.,University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Nursing-Lincoln Division, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Diane Brage Hudson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Nursing-Lincoln Division, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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25
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Saraçlı Ö, Atasoy N, Şenormancı Ö, Atik L, Açıkgöz HO, Doğan V, Sankır H, Köktürk F, Örsel S. Childhood trauma and suicide risk in the population living in Zonguldak Province. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2016; 8:136-44. [PMID: 26439983 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No previous study has investigated the association between early trauma and suicidal behavior in Zonguldak. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of childhood abuse and neglect in the general population living in Zonguldak province and the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidal ideations and attempts. METHODS The present study was carried out with 897 people in the general population, as assessed in a representative sample from Zonguldak province. The cluster sampling method was used. After obtaining written consent from the people who agreed to participate in the study, the Socio-demographic Information Form, Suicide Probability Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were administered. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideations was 18.3% among those who experienced at least one type of early trauma, and it was 9.6% among those without a history of childhood trauma (P < 0.001). Only emotional abuse exhibited a significantly high odds ratio for lifetime suicidal ideations (odds ratio [OR] = 3.168, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.731-5.798) and attempts (OR = 3.467, 95% CI = 1.343-8.952). Emotional neglect showed a high odds ratio only for lifetime suicidal attempts (OR = 3.282, 95% CI = 1.287-8.371). There were significant correlations among the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Suicidal Probability Scale sub-scores and all six Childhood Trauma Questionnaire scores. DISCUSSION Emotional abuse and neglect in childhood are significantly associated with lifetime suicidal ideations and attempts in the general population living in Zonguldak province. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the importance of the childhood trauma in the patients with suicidal ideations and attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Saraçlı
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Nuray Atasoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ömer Şenormancı
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Levent Atik
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | | | - Veysel Doğan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Hasan Sankır
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Fürüzan Köktürk
- Department of Biostatistic, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Sibel Örsel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Chen G, Gueta K. Child abuse, drug addiction and mental health problems of incarcerated women in Israel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2015; 39:36-45. [PMID: 25660063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The mental health problems and pathways to drug addiction and crime among female inmates have long been of interest to researchers and practitioners. The purpose of the current study was to examine the possible association between multiple types of childhood abuse, mental health problems, and drug addiction and the incarceration of 50 Israeli women in prison. The findings indicated that female inmates come from risky families with a high prevalence of family mental health problems, parental drug addiction and crime, and sibling drug addiction and crime. Furthermore, they revealed that incarcerated women from risky families were victims of multiple types of childhood abuse and neglect by their parents, as well as their siblings. Overall, the results suggest that the adverse consequences of a family's mental health problems are much more dramatic than we assumed to date, and that women are more likely than men to be the victims of multiple types of childhood abuse and neglect, as well as suffering more severe psychiatric problems, depression, and drug addiction. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gila Chen
- Department of Criminology, Ashkelon Academic College, Israel.
| | - Keren Gueta
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
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Sergentanis TN, Sakelliadis EI, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Goutas N, Sergentanis IN, Spiliopoulou CA, Papadodima S. Does history of childhood maltreatment make a difference in prison? A hierarchical approach on early family events and personality traits. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:1064-70. [PMID: 25468626 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study attempts to assess childhood maltreatment in prison through a hierarchical approach. The hierarchical approach principally aims to disentangle the independent effects of childhood maltreatment upon psychiatric morbidity/personality traits, if any, from the burden that the adverse family conditions have already imposed to the mental health of the maltreated individual-prisoner. To this direction, a conceptual framework with five hierarchical levels was constructed, namely: immutable demographic factors; family conditions; childhood maltreatment (physical abuse, neglect and sexual abuse); personality traits, habits and psychiatric morbidity; prison-related variables. A self-administered, anonymous set (battery) of questionnaires was administered to 173 male prisoners in the Chalkida prison, Greece; 26% of prisoners disclosed childhood maltreatment. Psychiatric condition in the family, parental alcoholism and parental divorce correlated with childhood maltreatment. After adjustment for immutable demographic factors and family conditions, childhood maltreatment was associated with aggression (both in terms of Lifetime History of Aggression and Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire scores), illicit substance use, personal history of psychiatric condition, current smoking, impulsivity and alcohol abuse. In conclusion, childhood maltreatment represents a pivotal, determining factor in the life course of male prisoners. Delinquents seem to suffer from long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment in terms of numerous mental health aspects.
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Greene CA, Ford JD, Wakefield DB, Barry LC. Posttraumatic stress mediates the relationship between childhood victimization and current mental health burden in newly incarcerated adults. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:1569-1580. [PMID: 25073733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interrelationship among childhood abuse and traumatic loss, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and Axis I psychiatric disorders other than PTSD among newly incarcerated adults, and to test a proposed model in which the severity of PTSS mediates the relationship between childhood abuse/loss and adult psychiatric disorders. Four hundred sixty-five male and female inmates participated in a structured clinical research interview. Four types of interpersonal potentially traumatic experiences (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and traumatic loss) were assessed for occurrence prior to the age of 18 years old. Current psychiatric disorders and PTSS were also assessed by structured interview. Negative binomial regression was used to evaluate the association between the cumulative number of types of childhood abuse/loss experienced and number of current Axis I disorders, and to test the mediation model. Approximately half of the sample (51%) experienced 1 or more types of childhood abuse/loss, and 30% of the sample had at least one psychiatric disorder other than PTSD. For both men and women, childhood physical abuse and childhood sexual abuse were independently associated with psychiatric morbidity, and an increasing number of types of childhood trauma experienced was associated with an increase in the number of current Axis I diagnoses. However, these associations were no longer statistically significant when severity of PTSS was added to the model, providing support for the proposed mediation model. Implications for secondary prevention services for at-risk inmates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Greene
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Julian D Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Dorothy B Wakefield
- Center for Public Health & Health Policy, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lisa C Barry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Roxburgh S, MacArthur KR. Childhood adversity and adult depression among the incarcerated: differential exposure and vulnerability by race/ethnicity and gender. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:1409-20. [PMID: 24703205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between childhood adversity and adult depression is well-established but less is known about the association between childhood adversity and adult depression among the incarcerated. In this paper, we examine differential exposure and vulnerability to childhood adversity by race/ethnicity and gender on adult depression among the incarcerated in the United States. We address three research questions: does exposure to childhood adverse experiences vary by race/ethnicity and gender? Is there an association between these childhood adverse events and depression and does the strength of the association vary by the specific adverse experiences? And does vulnerability to childhood adversity vary by gender and race/ethnicity? Using the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities (SI-SFCF), we measure four key childhood adverse events - parental/caretaker substance abuse, physical assault, having been placed in foster care, and sexual assault. We use ordinary least squares regression and a series of interaction effect analyses to examine differential exposure and vulnerability to the four childhood adverse experiences by race/ethnicity and gender. Incarcerated women are more likely to report parental substance abuse, but all inmates/prisoners are similarly vulnerable to this experience. For the other three adverse experiences measured, we find that there are important racial/ethnic and gender differences in both exposure and vulnerability. African American men and women are more vulnerable to the effects of physical and sexual victimization than White and Hispanic men and women. Women are much more likely to be exposed to sexual victimization, but men who report this experience are significantly more depressed. Hispanic women and White men and women are more likely to report foster care, but all inmates/prisoners who report foster care experiences are significantly more depressed than other inmates/prisoners, with the exception of white men. The findings indicate that there are significant differences in exposure and vulnerability to childhood adversity by race/ethnicity and gender. We conclude that in order to effectively design and implement programs to decrease the probability that childhood adversity is a risk factor for adult depression interventions must be targeted toward specific, vulnerable groups according to race/ethnicity and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Roxburgh
- Kent State University, 215 Merrill Hall, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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Barbosa LP, Quevedo L, da Silva GDG, Jansen K, Pinheiro RT, Branco J, Lara D, Oses J, da Silva RA. Childhood trauma and suicide risk in a sample of young individuals aged 14-35 years in southern Brazil. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:1191-1196. [PMID: 24629481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is among the main causes of death of people aged between 15 and 44 years old. Childhood trauma is an important risk factor for suicide. Hence, the objective of this study was to verify the relationship between childhood trauma and current suicide risk (suicidal behavior and ideation) in individuals aged 14-35 years, in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study. Sample selection was performed by clusters. Suicide risk was evaluated using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Childhood trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Moreover, the participants responded to a questionnaire concerning socioeconomic status, work, and substance use. The sample was composed of 1,380 individuals. The prevalence of suicide risk was 11.5%. The prevalence figures of childhood trauma were 15.2% (emotional neglect), 13.5% (physical neglect), 7.6% (sexual abuse), 10.1% (physical abuse), and 13.8% (emotional abuse). Suicide risk was associated (p<.001) with gender, work, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and all types of childhood trauma. The odds of suicide risk were higher in women (OR=1.8), people who were not currently working (OR=2.3), individuals who presented alcohol abuse (OR=2.6), and among tobacco smokers (OR=3.4). Moreover, suicide risk was increased in all types of trauma: emotional neglect (OR=3.7), physical neglect (OR=2.8), sexual abuse (OR=3.4), physical abuse (OR=3.1), and emotional abuse (OR=6.6). Thus, preventing early trauma may reduce suicide risk in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Porto Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luciana Quevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Del Grande da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Karen Jansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jerônimo Branco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Diogo Lara
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Pd 12A, Partenon, 90670-100 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Azevedo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Félix da Cunha, 412, Centro, 96010-000 Pelotas, Brazil
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Tripodi SJ, Onifade E, Pettus-Davis C. Nonfatal suicidal behavior among women prisoners: the predictive roles of childhood victimization, childhood neglect, and childhood positive support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2014; 58:394-411. [PMID: 23315427 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x12472879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Women entering prison report high rates of childhood victimization. Women in prison also report higher rates of nonfatal suicidal behavior (self-reported suicide attempts) than women in the general population and similar rates to their male counterparts despite having significantly lower suicide rates than males in the general population. Yet, there is a dearth of research that addresses the relationship between childhood victimization and suicidality for women prisoners in the United States. The purpose of this study is (a) to assess the relationship between childhood victimization and nonfatal suicidal behavior for a random sample of women prisoners; (b) to investigate predictive differences between childhood physical victimization, childhood sexual victimization, childhood neglect, and childhood support; and (c) to determine whether women prisoners with higher frequencies of childhood victimization and neglect are more likely to have attempted suicide than women prisoners with lower frequencies. Results indicate that childhood victimization, neglect, and lack of support are all significantly associated with nonfatal suicidal behavior among women prisoners. Frequency of childhood neglect had a larger effect size than frequency of childhood physical victimization, childhood sexual victimization, and lack of support. The results of this study add to the growing body of literature on childhood victimization and suicidality in general, and nonfatal suicidal behavior for prisoner populations in particular. The article ends with a discussion on clinical implications; particularly the finding that frequency of childhood victimization, childhood neglect, and lack of childhood support matters when determining the risk of suicidality.
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Friestad C, Åse-Bente R, Kjelsberg E. Adverse childhood experiences among women prisoners: relationships to suicide attempts and drug abuse. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2014; 60:40-6. [PMID: 23045353 DOI: 10.1177/0020764012461235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women prisoners are known to suffer from an accumulation of factors known to increase the risk for several major health problems. This study examines the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and the relationship between such experiences and suicide attempts and drug use among incarcerated women in Norway. METHODS A total of 141 women inmates (75% of all eligible) were interviewed using a structured interview guide covering information on demographics and a range of ACE related to abuse and neglect, and household dysfunction. The main outcome variables were attempted suicide and adult drug abuse. RESULTS Emotional, physical and sexual abuse during childhood was experienced by 39%, 36% and 19%, respectively, and emotional and physical neglect by 31% and 33%, respectively. Looking at the full range of ACE, 17% reported having experienced none, while 34% reported having experienced more than five ACEs. After controlling for age, immigrant background and marital status, the number of ACEs significantly increased the risk of attempted suicide and current drug abuse. CONCLUSION The associations observed between early life trauma and later health risk behaviour indicate the need for early prevention. The findings also emphasize the important role of prison health services in secondary prevention among women inmates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Friestad
- 1Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Gradus JL, Street AE, Suvak MK, Resick PA. Predictors of suicidal ideation in a gender-stratified sample of OEF/OIF veterans. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2013; 43:574-88. [PMID: 23829657 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing concern about suicide among Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans. We examined the role of postdeployment mental health in associations between deployment stressors and postdeployment suicidal ideation (SI) in a national sample of 2,321 female and male OEF/OIF veterans. Data were obtained via survey, and path analysis was used. For women and men, mental health symptoms largely accounted for associations between deployment stressors and SI; however, they only partly accounted for the sexual harassment and SI association among women. These findings enhance the understanding of the mental health profile of OEF/OIF veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie L Gradus
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Miller NA, Najavits LM. Creating trauma-informed correctional care: a balance of goals and environment. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2012; 3:EJPT-3-17246. [PMID: 22893828 PMCID: PMC3402099 DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.17246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of posttraumatic stress disorder and exposure to violence among incarcerated males and females in the US are exponentially higher than rates among the general population; yet, abrupt detoxification from substances, the pervasive authoritative presence and sensory and environmental trauma triggers can pose a threat to individual and institutional stability during incarceration. OBJECTIVE The authors explore the unique challenges and promises of trauma-informed correctional care and suggest strategies for administrative support, staff development, programming, and relevant clinical approaches. METHOD A review of literature includes a comparison of gendered responses, implications for men's facilities, and the compatibility of trauma recovery goals and forensic programming goals. RESULTS Trauma-informed care demonstrates promise in increasing offender responsivity to evidence-based cognitive behavioral programming that reduces criminal risk factors and in supporting integrated programming for offenders with substance abuse and co-occurring disorders. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating trauma recovery principles into correctional environments requires an understanding of criminal justice priorities, workforce development, and specific approaches to screening, assessment, and programming that unify the goals of clinical and security staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki A. Miller
- New Hampshire Department of Corrections, Concord, NH, USA
| | - Lisa M. Najavits
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Larney S, Topp L, Indig D, O'Driscoll C, Greenberg D. A cross-sectional survey of prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among prisoners in New South Wales, Australia. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:14. [PMID: 22225627 PMCID: PMC3276432 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among prisoners in New South Wales, Australia; and, among prisoners reporting suicidal ideation, to identify factors associated with suicide attempt. Methods A cross-sectional design was used. Participants were a random, stratified sample of 996 inmates who completed a telephone survey. The estimated population prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt were calculated and differences by sex and Aboriginality were tested using χ2 tests. Correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt were tested using logistic regression. Results One-third of inmates reported lifetime suicidal ideation and one-fifth had attempted suicide. Women and Aboriginal participants were significantly more likely than men and non-Aboriginal participants, respectively, to report attempting suicide. Correlates of suicidal ideation included violent offending, traumatic brain injury, depression, self-harm, and psychiatric hospitalisation. Univariate correlates of suicide attempt among ideators were childhood out-of-home care, parental incarceration and psychiatric hospitalization; however, none of these remained significant in a multivariate model. Conclusions Suicidal ideation and attempts are highly prevalent among prisoners compared to the general community. Assessment of suicide risk is a critical task for mental health clinicians in prisons. Attention should be given to ensuring assessments are gender- and culturally sensitive. Indicators of mental illness may not be accurate predictors of suicide attempt. Indicators of childhood trauma appear to be particularly relevant to risk of suicide attempt among prisoners and should be given attention as part of risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Larney
- Centre for Health Research in Criminal Justice, Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Sydney, Australia.
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Harner H, Burgess AW. Using a trauma-informed framework to care for incarcerated women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2011; 40:469-75; quiz 475-6. [PMID: 21894637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Available health and social services in women's correctional facilities often do not consider the interrelationship of gender, trauma, and mental illness. As a result, preexisting health issues are often exacerbated, leaving women to reenter their communities with more complex health needs. We propose that a trauma-informed framework can be used to guide clinical interactions with female inmates. A case study is presented as an example of proposed best clinical practice. Future trauma-related practice implications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Harner
- Schoolof Nursing and Health Sciences, La Salle University, St. Benilde Tower-Office 1125, 1900 W. Olney Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA.
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Viitanen P, Vartiainen H, Aarnio J, von Gruenewaldt V, Lintonen T, Mattila AK, Wuolijoki T, Joukamaa M. Childhood maltreatment and mental disorders among Finnish prisoners. Int J Prison Health 2011; 7:17-25. [DOI: 10.1108/17449201111256871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Marzano L, Hawton K, Rivlin A, Fazel S. Psychosocial influences on prisoner suicide: a case-control study of near-lethal self-harm in women prisoners. Soc Sci Med 2011; 72:874-83. [PMID: 21345561 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We examined the psychosocial influences on female prisoner suicide by carrying out a study of near-lethal self-harm. We interviewed 60 women prisoners who had recently engaged in near-lethal self-harm (cases) and 60 others who had never carried out near-lethal acts in prison (controls) from all closed female prison establishments in England and Wales, using mixed quantitative and qualitative methods. We gathered information on socio-demographic and criminological variables, life events and childhood trauma, exposure to suicidal behaviour, contributory and precipitating factors for near-lethal self-harm, social support and psychological characteristics. While socio-demographic factors were only modestly associated with near-lethal self-harm, being on remand, in single cell accommodation, and reporting negative experiences of imprisonment were strong correlates. Recent life events and past trauma, including different forms of childhood abuse, were also significantly associated with near-lethal self-harm, as were a family history of suicide and high scores on measures of depression, aggression, impulsivity and hostility, and low levels of self-esteem and social support. Our findings underline the importance of both individual and prison-related factors for suicide in custody, and hence the need for a comprehensive approach to suicide prevention in women's prisons. Given the multiple needs of female prisoners at-risk of self-harm and suicide, complex psychosocial interventions are likely to be required, including interventions for abused and bereaved women, and initiatives to improve staff-prisoner relationships and reduce bullying. The findings of this research may provide insights into factors leading to suicidal behaviour in other forensic and institutional settings, such as detention centres and psychiatric hospitals, and may assist in developing suicide prevention policies for prisoners and other at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marzano
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize research on the emotional and behavioral consequences of childhood maltreatment published between January 2009 and April 2010. RECENT FINDINGS Many studies published during this time frame replicated prior research studies that have shown that childhood maltreatment is a nonspecific risk factor for a range of different emotional and behavioral problems. Two research groups highlighted the high revictimization rate among abused girls, with more than one in five abused girls found to have subsequent experiences of rape by young adulthood. The association between physical and sexual abuse and subsequent perpetration of violence toward self and other was also demonstrated, with one study noting the particular vulnerability of sexually abused boys to these negative outcomes. In this study, sexually abused boys had a 15-fold increased risk of making a suicide attempt, and a 45-fold increased risk of perpetrating domestic violence. A three-generation longitudinal study of the intergenerational transmission of abuse is also highlighted in the review, together with emerging findings on genetic and environmental risk and protective factors associated with variability in child outcomes. SUMMARY Maltreated children are at-risk for a host of negative outcomes. Although marked gains have been made in treating trauma-related psychopathology, these recent studies highlight the need to examine long-term outcomes of youths who have received state-of-the-art evidence-based interventions, and determine if there is a need for more comprehensive and sustained intervention approaches.
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