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Oza PP, Kashfi K. The Triple Crown: NO, CO, and H 2S in cancer cell biology. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108502. [PMID: 37517510 PMCID: PMC10529678 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are three endogenously produced gases with important functions in the vasculature, immune defense, and inflammation. It is increasingly apparent that, far from working in isolation, these three exert many effects by modulating each other's activity. Each gas is produced by three enzymes, which have some tissue specificities and can also be non-enzymatically produced by redox reactions of various substrates. Both NO and CO share similar properties, such as activating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. At the same time, H2S both inhibits phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), an enzyme that metabolizes sGC and exerts redox regulation on sGC. The role of NO, CO, and H2S in the setting of cancer has been quite perplexing, as there is evidence for both tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory effects and anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Each gasotransmitter has been found to have dual effects on different aspects of cancer biology, including cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. These seemingly contradictory actions may relate to each gas having a dual effect dependent on its local flux. In this review, we discuss the major roles of NO, CO, and H2S in the context of cancer, with an effort to highlight the dual nature of each gas in different events occurring during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak P Oza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York 10091, USA.
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2
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Wise SK, Damask C, Roland LT, Ebert C, Levy JM, Lin S, Luong A, Rodriguez K, Sedaghat AR, Toskala E, Villwock J, Abdullah B, Akdis C, Alt JA, Ansotegui IJ, Azar A, Baroody F, Benninger MS, Bernstein J, Brook C, Campbell R, Casale T, Chaaban MR, Chew FT, Chambliss J, Cianferoni A, Custovic A, Davis EM, DelGaudio JM, Ellis AK, Flanagan C, Fokkens WJ, Franzese C, Greenhawt M, Gill A, Halderman A, Hohlfeld JM, Incorvaia C, Joe SA, Joshi S, Kuruvilla ME, Kim J, Klein AM, Krouse HJ, Kuan EC, Lang D, Larenas-Linnemann D, Laury AM, Lechner M, Lee SE, Lee VS, Loftus P, Marcus S, Marzouk H, Mattos J, McCoul E, Melen E, Mims JW, Mullol J, Nayak JV, Oppenheimer J, Orlandi RR, Phillips K, Platt M, Ramanathan M, Raymond M, Rhee CS, Reitsma S, Ryan M, Sastre J, Schlosser RJ, Schuman TA, Shaker MS, Sheikh A, Smith KA, Soyka MB, Takashima M, Tang M, Tantilipikorn P, Taw MB, Tversky J, Tyler MA, Veling MC, Wallace D, Wang DY, White A, Zhang L. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis - 2023. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:293-859. [PMID: 36878860 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 5 years that have passed since the publication of the 2018 International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2018), the literature has expanded substantially. The ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update presents 144 individual topics on allergic rhinitis (AR), expanded by over 40 topics from the 2018 document. Originally presented topics from 2018 have also been reviewed and updated. The executive summary highlights key evidence-based findings and recommendation from the full document. METHODS ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 employed established evidence-based review with recommendation (EBRR) methodology to individually evaluate each topic. Stepwise iterative peer review and consensus was performed for each topic. The final document was then collated and includes the results of this work. RESULTS ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 includes 10 major content areas and 144 individual topics related to AR. For a substantial proportion of topics included, an aggregate grade of evidence is presented, which is determined by collating the levels of evidence for each available study identified in the literature. For topics in which a diagnostic or therapeutic intervention is considered, a recommendation summary is presented, which considers the aggregate grade of evidence, benefit, harm, and cost. CONCLUSION The ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update provides a comprehensive evaluation of AR and the currently available evidence. It is this evidence that contributes to our current knowledge base and recommendations for patient evaluation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Wise
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cecelia Damask
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Private Practice, University of Central Florida, Lake Mary, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren T Roland
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles Ebert
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sandra Lin
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amber Luong
- Otolaryngology-HNS, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth Rodriguez
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmad R Sedaghat
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elina Toskala
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Baharudin Abdullah
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang, Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Antoine Azar
- Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fuad Baroody
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher Brook
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Harvard University, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raewyn Campbell
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Casale
- Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mohamad R Chaaban
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Allergy/Immunology, Genetics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Chambliss
- Allergy/Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Antonella Cianferoni
- Allergy/Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne K Ellis
- Allergy/Immunology, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Allergy/Immunology, Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amarbir Gill
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashleigh Halderman
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Respiratory Medicine, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie A Joe
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shyam Joshi
- Allergy/Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jean Kim
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam M Klein
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Helene J Krouse
- Otorhinolaryngology Nursing, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Edward C Kuan
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - David Lang
- Allergy/Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University College London, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Stella E Lee
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria S Lee
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia Loftus
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sonya Marcus
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Haidy Marzouk
- Otolaryngology-HNS, State University of New York Upstate, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jose Mattos
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Edward McCoul
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Erik Melen
- Pediatric Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James W Mims
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jayakar V Nayak
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - John Oppenheimer
- Allergy/Immunology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Katie Phillips
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Platt
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Chae-Seo Rhee
- Rhinology/Allergy, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sietze Reitsma
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Ryan
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergy, Fundacion Jiminez Diaz, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Theodore A Schuman
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Marcus S Shaker
- Allergy/Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Primary Care, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kristine A Smith
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael B Soyka
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masayoshi Takashima
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Monica Tang
- Allergy/Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Malcolm B Taw
- Integrative East-West Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Westlake Village, California, USA
| | - Jody Tversky
- Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew A Tyler
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria C Veling
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dana Wallace
- Allergy/Immunology, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - De Yun Wang
- Otolaryngology-HNS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew White
- Allergy/Immunology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Luo Zhang
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wolf A, Tabasi M, Zacharek M, Martin G, Hershenson MB, Meyerhoff ME, Sajjan U. S-Nitrosoglutathione Reduces the Density of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms Established on Human Airway Epithelial Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:846-856. [PMID: 36643497 PMCID: PMC9835527 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often show persistent colonization by bacteria in the form of biofilms which are resistant to antibiotic treatment. One of the most commonly isolated bacteria in CRS is Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent antimicrobial agent and disperses biofilms efficiently. We hypothesized that S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an endogenous NO carrier/donor, synergizes with gentamicin to disperse and reduce the bacterial biofilm density. We prepared GSNO formulations which are stable up to 12 months at room temperature and show the maximum amount of NO release within 1 h. We examined the effects of this GSNO formulation on the S. aureus biofilm established on the apical surface of the mucociliary-differentiated airway epithelial cell cultures regenerated from airway basal (stem) cells from cystic fibrosis (CF) and CRS patients. We demonstrate that for CF cells, which are defective in producing NO, treatment with GSNO at 100 μM increased the NO levels on the apical surface and reduced the biofilm bacterial density by 2 log units without stimulating pro-inflammatory effects or inducing epithelial cell death. In combination with gentamicin, GSNO further enhanced the killing of biofilm bacteria. Compared to placebo, GSNO significantly increased the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in both infected and uninfected CF cell cultures. The combination of GSNO and gentamicin also reduced the bacterial density of biofilms grown on sinonasal epithelial cells from CRS patients and improved the CBF. These findings demonstrate that GSNO in combination with gentamicin may effectively reduce the density of biofilm bacteria in CRS patients. GSNO treatment may also enhance the mucociliary clearance by improving the CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Wolf
- NOTA
Laboratories LLC, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mohsen Tabasi
- Department
of Microbiology Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Mark Zacharek
- Deparment
of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Glenn Martin
- NOTA
Laboratories LLC, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Marc B. Hershenson
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mark E. Meyerhoff
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Umadevi Sajjan
- Department
of Microbiology Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
- Center
of
Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
- . Phone: (215) 707-7139
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4
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Oza PP, Kashfi K. Utility of NO and H 2S donating platforms in managing COVID-19: Rationale and promise. Nitric Oxide 2022; 128:72-102. [PMID: 36029975 PMCID: PMC9398942 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are a continuing global burden on the human population, underscored by the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic. Current treatment options and supportive therapies for many viral infections are relatively limited, indicating a need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Virus-induced damage occurs through direct infection of host cells and inflammation-related changes. Severe cases of certain viral infections, including COVID-19, can lead to a hyperinflammatory response termed cytokine storm, resulting in extensive endothelial damage, thrombosis, respiratory failure, and death. Therapies targeting these complications are crucial in addition to antiviral therapies. Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide are two endogenous gasotransmitters that have emerged as key signaling molecules with a broad range of antiviral actions in addition to having anti-inflammatory properties and protective functions in the vasculature and respiratory system. The enhancement of endogenous nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide levels thus holds promise for managing both early-stage and later-stage viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Using SARS-CoV-2 as a model for similar viral infections, here we explore the current evidence regarding nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide's use to limit viral infection, resolve inflammation, and reduce vascular and pulmonary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak P Oza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, 10091, USA.
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5
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Gundlach KA, Nawroth J, Kanso E, Nasrin F, Ruby EG, McFall-Ngai M. Ciliated epithelia are key elements in the recruitment of bacterial partners in the squid-vibrio symbiosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:974213. [PMID: 36340026 PMCID: PMC9632347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.974213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, harvests its luminous symbiont, Vibrio fischeri, from the surrounding seawater within hours of hatching. During embryogenesis, the host animal develops a nascent light organ with ciliated fields on each lateral surface. We hypothesized that these fields function to increase the efficiency of symbiont colonization of host tissues. Within minutes of hatching from the egg, the host’s ciliated fields shed copious amounts of mucus in a non-specific response to bacterial surface molecules, specifically peptidoglycan (PGN), from the bacterioplankton in the surrounding seawater. Experimental manipulation of the system provided evidence that nitric oxide in the mucus drives an increase in ciliary beat frequency (CBF), and exposure to even small numbers of V. fischeri cells for short periods resulted in an additional increase in CBF. These results indicate that the light-organ ciliated fields respond specifically, sensitively, and rapidly, to the presence of nonspecific PGN as well as symbiont cells in the ambient seawater. Notably, the study provides the first evidence that this induction of an increase in CBF occurs as part of a thus far undiscovered initial phase in colonization of the squid host by its symbiont, i.e., host recognition of V. fischeri cues in the environment within minutes. Using a biophysics-based mathematical analysis, we showed that this rapid induction of increased CBF, while accelerating bacterial advection, is unlikely to be signaled by V. fischeri cells interacting directly with the organ surface. These overall changes in CBF were shown to significantly impact the efficiency of V. fischeri colonization of the host organ. Further, once V. fischeri has fully colonized the host tissues, i.e., about 12–24 h after initial host-symbiont interactions, the symbionts drove an attenuation of mucus shedding from the ciliated fields, concomitant with an attenuation of the CBF. Taken together, these findings offer a window into the very first interactions of ciliated surfaces with their coevolved microbial partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A. Gundlach
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Janna Nawroth
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva Kanso
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Farzana Nasrin
- Department of Mathematics, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Edward G. Ruby
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Margaret McFall-Ngai
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- *Correspondence: Margaret McFall-Ngai,
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6
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Echinocandins Accelerate Particle Transport Velocity in the Murine Tracheal Epithelium: Dependency on Intracellular Ca 2+ Stores. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0066921. [PMID: 34491804 PMCID: PMC8522769 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00669-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucociliary clearance of lower airways is modulated by different physiologic stimuli and also by pathophysiologic agents like polluting substances or pharmaceutical molecules. In the present investigation, we measured the particle transport velocity (PTV) of mouse tracheae as a surrogate for mucociliary clearance. In mouse tracheal preparations, we detected a sustained increase in the PTV under the application of the echinocandins caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin. In further experiments, we observed the effects of echinocandins on the PTV were dependent on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. In Ca2+-free buffer solutions, the amplitude of the echinocandin-evoked rise in the PTV was significantly reduced relative to that in the experiments in Ca2+-containing solutions. Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by caffeine completely prevented an increase in the PTV with subsequent caspofungin applications. Mitochondrial Ca2+ stores seemed to be unaffected by echinocandin treatment. We also observed no altered generation of reactive oxygen species under the application of echinocandins as probable mediators of the PTV. Consequently, the observed echinocandin effects on the PTV depend upon the Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ contents of the ER. We assume that all three echinocandins act intracellularly on ER Ca2+ stores to activate Ca2+-dependent signal transduction cascades, enhancing the PTV.
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Fowler C, Wu UI, Shaffer R, Smith C, Barnhart L, Bryant C, Olivier K, Holland SM. The effects of sildenafil on ciliary beat frequency in patients with pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease: phase I/II trial. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021; 7:7/1/e000574. [PMID: 32169832 PMCID: PMC7069259 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial (PNTM) disease has increased over the past several decades, especially in older women. Abnormal mucociliary clearance and abnormal nasal nitric oxide (nNO) have been associated with PNTM disease in other patient cohorts. Mucociliary clearance can be affected by NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signalling and, therefore, modulation of the pathway may be possible with phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as sildenafil as a novel therapeutic approach. Objective To define ex vivo characteristics of PNTM disease affected by sildenafil. Methods Subjects with PNTM infections were recruited into an open-label dose-escalation trial of sildenafil. Laboratory measurements and mucociliary measurements—ciliary beat frequency, nNO and 24-hour sputum production—were collected throughout the study period. Patients received sildenafil daily during the study period, with escalation from 20 to 40 mg three times per day. Measurements and main results Increased ciliary beat frequency occurred after a single dose of 40 mg sildenafil and after extended dosing of 40 mg sildenafil. The increase ciliary beat frequency was not seen with 20 mg sildenafil dosing. There were no changes in sputum production, nNO production, Quality of Life-Bronchiectasis-NTM module (QOL-B-NTM) questionnaire or the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire during the study period. Conclusion Sildenafil, 40 mg, increased ciliary beat frequency acutely as well as with extended administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedar Fowler
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA .,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Un-In Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Robyn Shaffer
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline Smith
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa Barnhart
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clare Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth Olivier
- Laboratory of Chronic Airway Infection, Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Bayarri MA, Milara J, Estornut C, Cortijo J. Nitric Oxide System and Bronchial Epithelium: More Than a Barrier. Front Physiol 2021; 12:687381. [PMID: 34276407 PMCID: PMC8279772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.687381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelium forms a physical barrier that protects the lung from the entrance of inhaled allergens, irritants, or microorganisms. This epithelial structure is maintained by tight junctions, adherens junctions and desmosomes that prevent the diffusion of soluble mediators or proteins between apical and basolateral cell surfaces. This apical junctional complex also participates in several signaling pathways involved in gene expression, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. In addition, the airway epithelium can produce chemokines and cytokines that trigger the activation of the immune response. Disruption of this complex by some inflammatory, profibrotic, and carcinogens agents can provoke epithelial barrier dysfunction that not only contributes to an increase of viral and bacterial infection, but also alters the normal function of epithelial cells provoking several lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF) or lung cancer, among others. While nitric oxide (NO) molecular pathway has been linked with endothelial function, less is known about the role of the NO system on the bronchial epithelium and airway epithelial cells function in physiological and different pathologic scenarios. Several data indicate that the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is altered in lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, lung fibrosis, and cancer among others, and that reactive oxygen species mediate uncoupling NO to promote the increase of peroxynitrite levels, thus inducing bronchial epithelial barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, iNOS and the intracellular pathway sGC-cGMP-PKG are dysregulated in bronchial epithelial cells from patients with lung inflammation, fibrosis, and malignancies which represents an attractive drug molecular target. In this review we describe in detail current knowledge of the effect of NOS-NO-GC-cGMP-PKG pathway activation and disruption in bronchial epithelial cells barrier integrity and its contribution in different lung diseases, focusing on bronchial epithelial cell permeability, inflammation, transformation, migration, apoptosis/necrosis, and proliferation, as well as the specific NO molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Bayarri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Estornut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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9
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Mikhailik A, Michurina TV, Dikranian K, Hearn S, Maxakov VI, Siller SS, Takemaru KI, Enikolopov G, Peunova N. nNOS regulates ciliated cell polarity, ciliary beat frequency, and directional flow in mouse trachea. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/5/e202000981. [PMID: 33653689 PMCID: PMC8008965 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clearance of the airway is dependent on directional mucus flow across the mucociliary epithelium, and deficient flow is implicated in a range of human disorders. Efficient flow relies on proper polarization of the multiciliated cells and sufficient ciliary beat frequency. We show that NO, produced by nNOS in the multiciliated cells of the mouse trachea, controls both the planar polarity and the ciliary beat frequency and is thereby necessary for the generation of the robust flow. The effect of nNOS on the polarity of ciliated cells relies on its interactions with the apical networks of actin and microtubules and involves RhoA activation. The action of nNOS on the beat frequency is mediated by guanylate cyclase; both NO donors and cGMP can augment fluid flow in the trachea and rescue the deficient flow in nNOS mutants. Our results link insufficient availability of NO in ciliated cells to defects in flow and ciliary activity and may thereby explain the low levels of exhaled NO in ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Mikhailik
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Tatyana V Michurina
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Krikor Dikranian
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen Hearn
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Vladimir I Maxakov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Saul S Siller
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Takemaru
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Peunova
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA .,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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10
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Adivitiya, Kaushik MS, Chakraborty S, Veleri S, Kateriya S. Mucociliary Respiratory Epithelium Integrity in Molecular Defense and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Viral Infections. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:95. [PMID: 33572760 PMCID: PMC7911113 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucociliary defense, mediated by the ciliated and goblet cells, is fundamental to respiratory fitness. The concerted action of ciliary movement on the respiratory epithelial surface and the pathogen entrapment function of mucus help to maintain healthy airways. Consequently, genetic or acquired defects in lung defense elicit respiratory diseases and secondary microbial infections that inflict damage on pulmonary function and may even be fatal. Individuals living with chronic and acute respiratory diseases are more susceptible to develop severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) illness and hence should be proficiently managed. In light of the prevailing pandemic, we review the current understanding of the respiratory system and its molecular components with a major focus on the pathophysiology arising due to collapsed respiratory epithelium integrity such as abnormal ciliary movement, cilia loss and dysfunction, ciliated cell destruction, and changes in mucus rheology. The review includes protein interaction networks of coronavirus infection-manifested implications on the molecular machinery that regulates mucociliary clearance. We also provide an insight into the alteration of the transcriptional networks of genes in the nasopharynx associated with the mucociliary clearance apparatus in humans upon infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adivitiya
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.); (M.S.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Manish Singh Kaushik
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.); (M.S.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Soura Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.); (M.S.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Shobi Veleri
- Drug Safety Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India;
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.); (M.S.K.); (S.C.)
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11
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Franova S, Molitorisova M, Kazimierova I, Joskova M, Forsberg CIN, Novakova E, Sutovska M. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of dihydroxyflavone derivate chrysin in a guinea pig model of allergic asthma. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 73:233-240. [PMID: 33793800 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This experimental study evaluated the anti-asthmatic capacity of the dihydroxyflavone chrysin in the settings of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic inflammation. METHODS The parameters that were used to assess the anti-asthmatic activity of chrysin included the specific airway resistance to histamine, the sensitivity to a chemically induced cough and the activity of chrysin on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of the respiratory epithelium. The anti-inflammatory potential was confirmed by the measurement of cytokine concentrations Th2 (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), Th1 (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], INF-γ and IL-12), leucocyte count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and growth factor TBF-β1 in lung homogenate. KEY FINDINGS Chronic administration of chrysin (30 mg/kg/day for 21 days) to OVA-sensitised guinea pigs showed bronchodilatory activity comparable to that of long-acting β 2 receptors agonist (LABA) salmeterol. Chrysin revealed antitussive efficiency but was not able to abolish the negative effect of OVA on CBF. Chrysin managed to ameliorate the progression of chronic airway inflammation by decreasing the count of eosinophils, lymphocytes and basophils, IL-5, L-13, GM-CSF, INF-γ in BALF, and TGF-β1 in lung homogenate. CONCLUSIONS The acquired results support the complex anti-asthmatic profile of chrysin. The flavone may represent an attractive compound for further studies concerning the prevention or treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Franova
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Molitorisova
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Kazimierova
- Biomedical Center Martin Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marta Joskova
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Christina Imnoy Noss Forsberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Elena Novakova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martina Sutovska
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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12
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Perniss A, Liu S, Boonen B, Keshavarz M, Ruppert AL, Timm T, Pfeil U, Soultanova A, Kusumakshi S, Delventhal L, Aydin Ö, Pyrski M, Deckmann K, Hain T, Schmidt N, Ewers C, Günther A, Lochnit G, Chubanov V, Gudermann T, Oberwinkler J, Klein J, Mikoshiba K, Leinders-Zufall T, Offermanns S, Schütz B, Boehm U, Zufall F, Bufe B, Kummer W. Chemosensory Cell-Derived Acetylcholine Drives Tracheal Mucociliary Clearance in Response to Virulence-Associated Formyl Peptides. Immunity 2020; 52:683-699.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Marozkina N, Bosch J, Cotton C, Smith L, Seckler J, Zaman K, Rehman S, Periasamy A, Gaston H, Altawallbeh G, Davis M, Jones DR, Schilz R, Randell SH, Gaston B. Cyclic compression increases F508 Del CFTR expression in ciliated human airway epithelium. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L247-L258. [PMID: 31116581 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00020.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which transepithelial pressure changes observed during exercise and airway clearance can benefit lung health are challenging to study. Here, we have studied 117 mature, fully ciliated airway epithelial cell filters grown at air-liquid interface grown from 10 cystic fibrosis (CF) and 19 control subjects. These were exposed to cyclic increases in apical air pressure of 15 cmH2O for varying times. We measured the effect on proteins relevant to lung health, with a focus on the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR). Immunoflourescence and immunoblot data were concordant in demonstrating that air pressure increased F508Del CFTR expression and maturation. This effect was in part dependent on the presence of cilia, on Ca2+ influx, and on formation of nitrogen oxides. These data provide a mechanosensory mechanism by which changes in luminal air pressure, like those observed during exercise and airway clearance, can affect epithelial protein expression and benefit patients with diseases of the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadzeya Marozkina
- Pediatric Pulmonology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jürgen Bosch
- Pediatric Pulmonology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Calvin Cotton
- Pediatric Pulmonology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Laura Smith
- Pediatric Pulmonology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James Seckler
- Pediatric Pulmonology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Khalequz Zaman
- Pediatric Pulmonology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shagufta Rehman
- W. M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging, Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ammasi Periasamy
- W. M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging, Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Ghaith Altawallbeh
- Pediatric Pulmonology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David R Jones
- Thoracic Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert Schilz
- Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Scott H Randell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Pediatric Pulmonology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Pediatric Pulmonology Division, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
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14
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Do BH, Ohbuchi T, Wakasugi T, Koizumi H, Yokoyama M, Hohchi N, Suzuki H. Acetylcholine-induced Ciliary Beat of the Human Nasal Mucosa Is Regulated by the Pannexin-1 Channel and Purinergic P2X Receptor. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2018; 32:217-227. [PMID: 29676177 DOI: 10.1177/1945892418770292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Airway mucociliary transport is an important function for the clearance of inhaled foreign particulates in the respiratory tract. The present study aimed at investigating the regulatory mechanism of acetylcholine (Ach)-induced ciliary beat of the human nasal mucosa in ex vivo. Methods The inferior turbinate mucosa was collected from patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis during endoscopic surgery. The mucosa was cut into thin strips, and ciliary movement was observed under a phase-contrast light microscope with a high-speed digital video camera. The sample was alternatively subjected to scanning electron microscopic observation. Results Cilia on the turbinate epithelium were well preserved at the ultrastructural level. The baseline ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was 6.45 ± 0.32 Hz. CBF was significantly increased by stimulation with 100 µM Ach and 100 µM adenosine triphosphate. The Ach-induced CBF increase was completely inhibited by removing extracellular Ca2+. Significant inhibition of the Ach-induced CBF was also observed by the addition of 1 µM atropine, 40 µM 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (inositol trisphosphate [IP3] receptor antagonist), 10 µM carbenoxolone (pannexin-1 blocker), 1 mM probenecid (pannexin-1 blocker), 100 µM pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-20,40-disulfonic acid (P2X antagonist), and 300 µM flufenamic acid (connexin blocker). Meanwhile, 30 nM bafilomycin A1 (vesicular transport inhibitor) did not inhibit the Ach-induced CBF increase. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the regulatory mechanism of the Ach-induced ciliary beat is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and involves the muscarinic Ach receptor, IP3 receptor, pannexin-1 channel, purinergic P2X receptor, and connexin channel. We proposed a tentative intracellular signaling pathway of the Ach-induced ciliary beat, in which the pannexin-1-P2X unit may play a central role in ciliary beat regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba H Do
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.,2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ha Noi Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Toyoaki Ohbuchi
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Wakasugi
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Koizumi
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Yokoyama
- 3 Shared-Use Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Nobusuke Hohchi
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Suzuki
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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15
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Wu Y, Liu Y, Cai Z, Qin H, Li H, Su W, Wang Y, Qian H, Jiang L, Wu M, Pang J, Chen Y. Protein Kinases Type II (PKG II) Combined with L-Arginine Significantly Ameliorated Xenograft Tumor Development: Is L-Arginine a Potential Alternative in PKG II Activation? Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:736-742. [PMID: 29401205 PMCID: PMC5810367 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinases type II (PKG II) plays critical physiological or pathological functions in different tissues. However, the biological effects of PKG II are dependent on cGMP. Published data indicated that L-arginine (L-Arg) promoted NO production, NO can activate soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and catalyzes guanosine triphosphate (GTP) into cGMP, which suggested L-Arg could activate PKG II. Therefore, the present work was performed to address: (i) whether L-Arg could be a potential alternative in PKG II activation, and (ii) whether L-Arg also contributes to PKG II against cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nude BALB/c mice were inoculated with human MCF-7, HepG2, and SW480 cell lines via subcutaneous (s.c.) injecting. After 7 days of inoculation, Ad-PKG II was injected into the cancer tissues every 4 days, and the next day 10 μmol/mouse L-Arg was administered. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to assess protein expression. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that L-Arg significantly activated PKG II and effectively ameliorated xenograft tumor development through inhibiting cancer growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis, which was partially dependent on blocking of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity, as well as downstream signaling pathways such as Erk1/2. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide an exciting new insight: L-Arg is a potential alternative to PKG II activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,The Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhensheng Cai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Huijuan Qin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Hongfan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wenbin Su
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Hai Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ji Pang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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16
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Lower exhaled nitric oxide in infants with Cystic Fibrosis compared to healthy controls. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 17:105-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Carson JL, Zhou L, Brighton L, Mills KH, Zhou H, Jaspers I, Hazucha M. Temporal structure/function variation in cultured differentiated human nasal epithelium associated with acute single exposure to tobacco smoke or E-cigarette vapor. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:137-144. [PMID: 28470140 PMCID: PMC5545111 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1318985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucociliary clearance sustains a baseline functionality and an "on demand" capability to upregulate clearance upon irritant exposure involving mucus hypersecretion and accelerated ciliary beat frequency (CBF) modulated by nitric oxide (NO). This study characterized these elements as well as cellular and exogenous NO concentrations subsequent to a single exposure to tobacco smoke (TS) or e-cigarette vapor (EV) on cultured human airway epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS Air-liquid interface (ALI) airway epithelial cultures per nonsmoking human subjects were subjected to single TS or EV exposures. Measures of ciliary function and secretion were performed and cellular and exogenous NO concentrations under control and experimental conditions were assessed. RESULTS Both TS and EV exposures resulted similar patterns of decline in CBF within 1 min of the completion of exposure followed by a gradual return often exceeding baseline within 1 h. Post-exposure examination of exposed cultures suggested morphologic differences in secretory function relative to controls. The relative NO concentrations of TS and EV chamber air were sharply different with EV NO being only slightly elevated relative to cellular NO production. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Epithelial remodeling and mucociliary dysfunction have been clearly associated with TS exposure. However, information contrasting epithelial structure/function following a single acute TS or EV exposure is limited. This study demonstrates a similar pattern of epithelial response to acute TS or EV exposure. Inasmuch as NO may contribute to an inflammatory milieu and generation of toxic metabolites, it is plausible that recurrent exposures over time may be contributory to chronic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L. Carson
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura Zhou
- The Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Luisa Brighton
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katherine H. Mills
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haibo Zhou
- The Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Milan Hazucha
- The Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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18
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Drake MG, Bivins-Smith ER, Proskocil BJ, Nie Z, Scott GD, Lee JJ, Lee NA, Fryer AD, Jacoby DB. Human and Mouse Eosinophils Have Antiviral Activity against Parainfluenza Virus. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:387-94. [PMID: 27049514 PMCID: PMC5023029 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0405oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses cause asthma exacerbations. Because eosinophils are the prominent leukocytes in the airways of 60-70% of patients with asthma, we evaluated the effects of eosinophils on a common respiratory virus, parainfluenza 1, in the lung. Eosinophils recruited to the airways of wild-type mice after ovalbumin sensitization and challenge significantly decreased parainfluenza virus RNA in the lungs 4 days after infection compared with nonsensitized animals. This antiviral effect was also seen in IL-5 transgenic mice with an abundance of airway eosinophils (NJ.1726) but was lost in transgenic eosinophil-deficient mice (PHIL) and in IL-5 transgenic mice crossed with eosinophil-deficient mice (NJ.1726-PHIL). Loss of the eosinophil granule protein eosinophil peroxidase, using eosinophil peroxidase-deficient transgenic mice, did not reduce eosinophils' antiviral effect. Eosinophil antiviral mechanisms were also explored in vitro. Isolated human eosinophils significantly reduced parainfluenza virus titers. This effect did not involve degradation of viral RNA by eosinophil granule RNases. However, eosinophils treated with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor lost their antiviral activity, suggesting eosinophils attenuate viral infectivity through production of nitric oxide. Consequently, eosinophil nitric oxide production was measured with an intracellular fluorescent probe. Eosinophils produced nitric oxide in response to virus and to a synthetic agonist of the virus-sensing innate immune receptor, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7. IFNγ increased expression of eosinophil TLR7 and potentiated TLR7-induced nitric oxide production. These results suggest that eosinophils promote viral clearance in the lung and contribute to innate immune responses against respiratory virus infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Elizabeth R. Bivins-Smith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Becky J. Proskocil
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zhenying Nie
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Gregory D. Scott
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - James J. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, and
| | - Nancy A. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Allison D. Fryer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David B. Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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19
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Deeb RS, Walters MS, Strulovici-Barel Y, Chen Q, Gross SS, Crystal RG. Smoking-Associated Disordering of the Airway Basal Stem/Progenitor Cell Metabotype. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:231-40. [PMID: 26161876 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0055oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is a complex pseudostratified multicellular layer lining the tracheobronchial tree, functioning as the primary defense against inhaled environmental contaminants. The major cell types of the airway epithelium include basal, intermediate columnar, ciliated, and secretory. Basal cells (BCs) are the proliferating stem/progenitor population that differentiate into the other specialized cell types of the airway epithelium during normal turnover and repair. Given that cigarette smoke delivers thousands of xenobiotics and high levels of reactive molecules to the lung epithelial surface, we hypothesized that cigarette smoke broadly perturbs BC metabolism. To test this hypothesis, primary airway BCs were isolated from healthy nonsmokers (n = 11) and healthy smokers (n = 7) and assessed by global metabolic profiling by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analysis identified 52 significant metabolites in BCs differentially expressed between smokers and nonsmokers (P < 0.05). These changes included metabolites associated with redox pathways, energy production, and inflammatory processes. Notably, BCs from smokers exhibited altered levels of the key enzyme cofactors/substrates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, acetyl coenzyme A, and membrane phospholipid levels. Consistent with the high burden of oxidants in cigarette smoke, glutathione levels were diminished, whereas 3-nitrotyrosine levels were increased, suggesting that protection of airway epithelial cells against oxidative and nitrosative stress is significantly compromised in smoker BCs. It is likely that this altered metabotype is a reflection of, and likely contributes to, the disordered biology of airway BCs consequent to the stress cigarette smoking puts on the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiuying Chen
- 2 Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Steven S Gross
- 2 Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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20
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Effect of TH2 cytokines and interferon gamma on beat frequency of human respiratory cilia. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:731-5. [PMID: 26761121 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In asthmatic airways secondary ciliary dyskinesia contributes to impaired mucociliary clearance. To investigate underlying mechanisms, we studied the effects of cytokines associated with asthma phenotype on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in a cell culture model of ciliated human respiratory epithelial cells. METHODS Nasal respiratory epithelial cells of 21 patients were used to prepare multicellular cells (spheroids) in the presence of the T helper (TH) 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and the TH1 cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ). CBF was determined by high-speed video microscopy. RESULTS Addition of IL-4 and IL-13 and IL-4 + IL-13 decreased the mean CBF by 17, 21, and 22%, respectively, compared with untreated controls. Addition of IL-5 and IL-9 lead to an increase in mean CBF (20 and 10%, respectively). Lower concentrations of IFN-γ (0.1 and 1 ng/ml) decreased mean CBF and higher concentrations (10 ng/ml) increased CBF by 6%. Addition of IFN-γ to IL-13 reversed the effect of IL-13 on the CBF of spheroids. CONCLUSION Cytokines directly influence the ciliary function of respiratory epithelium and contribute to the impaired mucociliary clearance in asthmatic disease. Our study encourages further research to investigate IFN-γ as a treatment option in diseases with impaired mucociliary clearance like asthma.
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Ghosh A, Boucher RC, Tarran R. Airway hydration and COPD. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3637-52. [PMID: 26068443 PMCID: PMC4567929 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the prevalent causes of worldwide mortality and encompasses two major clinical phenotypes, i.e., chronic bronchitis (CB) and emphysema. The most common cause of COPD is chronic tobacco inhalation. Research focused on the chronic bronchitic phenotype of COPD has identified several pathological processes that drive disease initiation and progression. For example, the lung's mucociliary clearance (MCC) system performs the critical task of clearing inhaled pathogens and toxic materials from the lung. MCC efficiency is dependent on: (1) the ability of apical plasma membrane ion channels such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) to maintain airway hydration; (2) ciliary beating; and (3) appropriate rates of mucin secretion. Each of these components is impaired in CB and likely contributes to the mucus stasis/accumulation seen in CB patients. This review highlights the cellular components responsible for maintaining MCC and how this process is disrupted following tobacco exposure and with CB. We shall also discuss existing therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic bronchitis and how components of the MCC can be used as biomarkers for the evaluation of tobacco or tobacco-like-product exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Ghosh
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, 7102 Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA
| | - R C Boucher
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, 7102 Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, 7102 Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA.
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Abstract
Motile cilia of the lungs respond to environmental challenges by increasing their ciliary beat frequency in order to enhance mucociliary clearance as a fundamental tenant of innate defense. One important second messenger in transducing the regulable nature of motile cilia is cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP). In this review, the history of cGMP action is presented and a survey of the existing data addressing cGMP action in ciliary motility is presented. Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated regulation of cGMP in ciliated cells is presented in the context of alcohol-induced cilia function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Wyatt
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA.
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, 985910 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA .
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23
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Abstract
A characteristic feature of the human airway epithelium is the presence of ciliated cells bearing motile cilia, specialized cell surface projections containing axonemes composed of microtubules and dynein arms, which provide ATP-driven motility. In the airways, cilia function in concert with airway mucus to mediate the critical function of mucociliary clearance, cleansing the airways of inhaled particles and pathogens. The prototypical disorder of respiratory cilia is primary ciliary dyskinesia, an inherited disorder that leads to impaired mucociliary clearance, to repeated chest infections, and to the progressive destruction of lung architecture. Numerous acquired lung diseases are also marked by abnormalities in both cilia structure and function. In this review we summarize current knowledge regarding airway ciliated cells and cilia, how they function to maintain a healthy epithelium, and how disorders of cilia structure and function contribute to inherited and acquired lung disease.
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Picking up speed: advances in the genetics of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:158-64. [PMID: 24192704 PMCID: PMC3946436 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal ciliary axonemal structure and function are linked to the growing class of genetic disorders collectively known as ciliopathies, and our understanding of the complex genetics and functional phenotypes of these conditions has rapidly expanded. While progress in genetics and biology has uncovered numerous cilia-related syndromes, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) remains the sole genetic disorder of motile cilia dysfunction. The first disease-causing mutation was described just 13 y ago, and since that time, the pace of gene discovery has quickened. These mutations separate into genes that encode axonemal motor proteins, structural and regulatory elements, and cytoplasmic proteins that are involved in assembly and preassembly of ciliary elements. These findings have yielded novel insights into the processes involved in ciliary assembly, structure, and function, which will allow us to better understand the clinical manifestations of PCD. Moreover, advances in techniques for genetic screening and sequencing are improving diagnostic approaches. In this article, we will describe the structure, function, and emerging genetics of respiratory cilia, review the genotype-phenotype relationships of motor ciliopathies, and explore the implications of recent discoveries for diagnostic testing for PCD.
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Drake MG, Scott GD, Proskocil BJ, Fryer AD, Jacoby DB, Kaufman EH. Toll-like receptor 7 rapidly relaxes human airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:664-72. [PMID: 23924358 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201303-0442oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8 detect respiratory virus single-stranded RNA and trigger an innate immune response. We recently described rapid TLR7-mediated bronchodilation in guinea pigs. OBJECTIVES To characterize TLR7 expression and TLR7-induced airway relaxation in humans and in eosinophilic airway inflammation in guinea pigs. To evaluate the relaxant effects of other TLRs. METHODS Human airway smooth muscle strips were contracted with methacholine in vitro, and responses to TLR7 and TLR8 agonists were assessed. TLR7-mediated nitric oxide production was measured using a fluorescent indicator, and TLR7 expression was characterized using immunofluorescence. TLR7 signaling was also evaluated in ovalbumin-challenged guinea pigs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The TLR7 agonist imiquimod (R837) caused rapid dose-dependent relaxation of methacholine-contracted human airways in vitro. This was blocked by the TLR7 antagonist IRS661 and by inhibiting nitric oxide production but not by inhibiting prostaglandin production. TLR7 activation markedly increased fluorescence of a nitric oxide detector. TLR7 was expressed on airway nerves, but not airway smooth muscle, implicating airway nerves as the source of TLR7-induced nitric oxide production. TLR7-mediated relaxation persisted in inflamed guinea pigs airways in vivo. The TLR8 agonists polyuridylic acid and polyadenylic acid also relaxed human airways, and this was not blocked by the TLR7 antagonist or by blocking nitric oxide or prostaglandin production. No other TLRs relaxed the airways. CONCLUSIONS TLR7 is expressed on airway nerves and mediates relaxation of human and animal airways through nitric oxide production. TLR7-mediated bronchodilation may be a new therapeutic strategy in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Drake
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
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Jiao J, Meng N, Wang H, Zhang L. Comparison of human nasal epithelial cells grown as explant outgrowth cultures or dissociated tissue cultures in vitro. Front Med 2013; 7:486-91. [PMID: 24062261 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-013-0287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare cell growth characteristics, ciliated cell differentiation, and function of human nasal epithelial cells established as explant outgrowth cultures or dissociated tissue cultures. Human nasal mucosa of the uncinate process was obtained by endoscopy and epithelial cell cultures were established by explant outgrowth or dissociated tissue culture methods. Epithelial cell growth characteristics were observed by inverted phase contrast microscopy. Ciliated cell differentiation was detected by β-tubulin IVand ZO-1 immunocytochemistry. Basal and ATP-stimulated ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured using a highspeed digital microscopic imaging system. Both the explant and dissociated tissue cultures established as monolayers with tight junctions and differentiated cell composition, with both types of cultures comprising ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells. Fibroblasts were also frequently found in explant cultures but rarely seen in dissociated tissue cultures. In both culture systems, the highest ciliated cell density appeared at 7th-10th culture day and declined with time, with the lifespan of ciliated cells ranging from 14 to 21 days. Overall, 10% of the cells in explant cultures and 20% of the cells in the dissociated tissue cultures were ciliated. These two cultures demonstrated similar ciliary beat frequency values at baseline (7.78 ± 1.99 Hz and 7.91 ± 2.52 Hz, respectively) and reacted equivalently following stimulation with 100 μM ATP. The results of this study indicate that both the explant outgrowth and dissociated tissue culture techniques are suitable for growing well-differentiated nasal ciliated and non-ciliated cells, which have growth characteristics and ciliary activity similar to those of nasal epithelial cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100005, China
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Fowler CJ, Olivier KN, Leung JM, Smith CC, Huth AG, Root H, Kuhns DB, Logun C, Zelazny A, Frein CA, Daub J, Haney C, Shelhamer JH, Bryant CE, Holland SM. Abnormal nasal nitric oxide production, ciliary beat frequency, and Toll-like receptor response in pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease epithelium. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187:1374-81. [PMID: 23593951 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201212-2197oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (PNTM) disease has increased over the past several decades, especially in older women. Despite extensive investigation, no consistent immunological abnormalities have been found. Using evidence from diseases such as cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia, in which mucociliary dysfunction predisposes subjects to high rates of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease that increase with age, we investigated correlates of mucociliary function in subjects with PNTM infections and healthy control subjects. OBJECTIVES To define ex vivo characteristics of PNTM disease. METHODS From 2009 to 2012, 58 subjects with PNTM infections and 40 control subjects were recruited. Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) was determined at the time of respiratory epithelial collection. Ciliary beat frequency at rest and in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) and other agonists was determined using high-speed video microscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We found decreased nNO production, abnormally low resting ciliary beat frequency, and abnormal responses to agonists of TLR2, -3, -5, -7/8, and -9 in subjects with PNTM compared with healthy control subjects. The low ciliary beat frequency in subjects with PNTM was normalized ex vivo by augmentation of the NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway without normalization of their TLR agonist responses. CONCLUSIONS Impaired nNO, ciliary beat frequency, and TLR responses in PNTM disease epithelium identify possible underlying susceptibility mechanisms as well as possible avenues for directed investigation and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedar J Fowler
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1684, USA
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The effects of vitamins C and B12 on human nasal ciliary beat frequency. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:110. [PMID: 23688196 PMCID: PMC3663725 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was designed to investigate the effects of the vitamins C and B12 on the regulation of human nasal ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Methods Human nasal mucosa was removed endoscopically and nasal ciliated cell culture was established. Changes of CBF in response to different concentrations of vitamin C or vitamin B12 were quantified by using high-speed (240 frames per second) digital microscopy combined with a beat-by-beat CBF analysis. Results At the concentrations of 0.01% and 0.10%, vitamin C induced an initial increase, followed by a gradual decrease of CBF to the baseline level, while 1.00% vitamin C induced a reversible decrease of CBF. Vitamin B12, at the concentrations of 0.01% and 0.10%, did not influence CBF during the 20-min observation period, while a 1.00% vitamin B12 treatment caused a time-dependent but reversible decrease of CBF. Conclusions Treatment with vitamin C or vitamin B12 caused a concentration-dependent but reversible decrease of CBF in cultured human nasal epithelial cells. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a concentration that is safe, effective, and non-ciliotoxic when applying these drugs topically in the nasal cavity.
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O WS, Li HWR, Liao SB, Cheung ANY, Ng EHY, Yeung WSB, Ho JCM, Tang F. Decreases in adrenomedullin expression and ciliary beat frequency in the nasal epithelium in tubal pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:459-63.e1. [PMID: 23663996 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study adrenomedullin (ADM) expression and its relation to ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in the nasal mucociliated epithelium in tubal ectopic pregnancy (tEP). DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING University teaching hospital. PATIENT(S) Women with tEP and normal intrauterine pregnancy matched for age and gestational age were recruited. Healthy nonpregnant women were also recruited as nonpregnant controls. INTERVENTION(S) Nasal epithelial brushing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Adrenomedullin expression in nasal epithelium (measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, plasma ADM concentration (measured by ELISA), and CBF (measured by photometric method). RESULT(S) We have demonstrated a similar decrease in ADM expression and CBF in the nasal mucociliated epithelium, as well as in plasma ADM concentration, in women with tEP compared with normal pregnant women. Adrenomedullin up-regulates nasal CBF via the ADM receptor, as in the oviduct. There is significant correlation between nasal and oviductal CBF. CONCLUSION(S) Nasal epithelium ADM and CBF, as well as plasma ADM, are possible predictors of women at risk of tEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Sum O
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Jiao J, Wang H, Meng N, Zhang L. Different cilia response to adenosine triphosphate or benzalkonium chloride treatment in mouse nasal and tracheal culture. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2012; 74:280-5. [PMID: 23154526 DOI: 10.1159/000343800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our purpose was to compare the ciliary function between the upper and lower airway. METHODS Basal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and changes in CBF in response to exogenous stimuli [adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or benzalkonium chloride (BAC)] of primary cultured mouse nasal and tracheal epithelial cells were quantified using digital microscopy combined with a beat-by-beat CBF analysis. RESULTS The basal CBF of the mouse tracheal culture was statistically higher than the nasal culture. Adding 10 or 100 µM ATP caused an increase of CBF in both mouse nasal and tracheal cultures; however, nasal culture induced a more robust increase of CBF than tracheal culture. Treatment with 0.001% BAC increased CBF within 2 min after treatment and then CBF gradually decreased; nasal and tracheal culture manifested a similar change in CBF. With a concentration of 0.01%, BAC induced a rapid and time-dependent decrease of CBF in both mouse nasal and tracheal cultures; however, tracheal culture showed a blunter response to this ciliotoxic agent, with the ciliary beating duration time distinguishably longer than in the nasal culture. CONCLUSION The inherent ciliary and physiological function is different in the upper and lower airway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Neuronal control of pedal sole cilia in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis appressa. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2012; 199:71-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-012-0770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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