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Patanè G, Piat C, Mullan AF, Kapelle W, Ghoniem KE, Camerucci E, Turcano P, Savica R. Reproductive life factors and estro-progestin exposure in women with early-onset Parkinson's disease compared to late-onset disease and controls: A retrospective cohort study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 126:107058. [PMID: 39067321 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is more common in men than women. Although hormonal factors may partially explain this difference, there are no studies evaluating reproductive life factors and exogenous estroprogestin exposure in women with Early Onset Parkinson Disease (EOPD). OBJECTIVE To compare reproductive life factors and exogenous estroprogestin exposure among female patients with EOPD, late-onset Parkinson's disease (LOPD), and EOPD-matched unaffected controls. METHODS We identified female patients with EOPD from 1989 to 2021, defining EOPD as PD with motor-symptoms onset before age 50 and LOPD as PD with motor onset after 50. We paired EOPD patients to age-matched, unaffected controls. We reviewed medical records to determine demographic characteristics, clinical history, and reported reproductive menopausal history (reviewing medical records). RESULTS We included 87 EOPD patients, 84 LOPD patients, and 91 unaffected controls with information about reproductive life factors and exogenous estroprogestin exposure in their medical records. There were no significant differences in race, ethnicity, or BMI between the three groups. EOPD patients were more likely to have used hormonal contraception than LOPD patients (23/49 (47 %) vs 0/84 (0 %), p < 0.001). LOPD patients had higher numbers of pelvic surgeries (48/84 [57 %] in LOPD, 23/87 [26 %] in EOPD, p < 0.001) and higher usage of perimenopausal hormonal therapy (52/84 [62 %] in LOPD, 10/87 [11 %] in EOPD, p < 0.001) in LOPD than EOPD. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports no significant difference in reproductive life factors and exogenous estroprogestin exposure between controls and EOPD patients, except for higher exposure to hormonal contraception in EOPD. There was no apparent difference in reproductive life factors and exogenous estroprogestin exposure between EOPD and LOPD patients. Our findings therefore do not observe that hormonal exposure is different between earlier onset of female EOPD compared to female LOPD patients, or between female EOPD patients and unaffected female controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Patanè
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Neurology, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Capucine Piat
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aidan F Mullan
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Willanka Kapelle
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Emanuele Camerucci
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Kim JY, Kang SY, Moon BS, Kim BS, Jeong JH, Yoon HJ. Age and gender effects on striatal dopamine transporter density and cerebral perfusion in individuals with non-degenerative parkinsonism: a dual-phase 18F-FP-CIT PET study. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:65. [PMID: 39017925 PMCID: PMC11254898 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual-phase fluorine-18 labeled N-3-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (18F-FP-CIT) positron emission tomography (PET) scans could be used to support disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and cerebral perfusion are associated with ageing and gender. We investigated the effects of age and gender on non-degenerative parkinsonism, using automated quantification in striatum: specific binding ratios (SBRs) for DAT binding in delayed phase PET (dCIT) and standardized-uptake-value ratios (SUVRs) for cerebral perfusion in early phase PET (eCIT). We also examined the correlations between SBR and SUVR. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed subjects with dual-phase 18F-FP-CIT PET scans. The eCIT images were acquired immediately post-injection, and dCIT images were taken 120 min later. With Brightonix software, automated quantification of SBRs for dCIT and SUVRs for eCIT were acquired from visually normal scans. The effects of aging and gender were assessed by regressing SBRs and SUVRs on age for both genders. The correlations between SUVRs and SBRs were evaluated. RESULTS We studied 79 subjects (34 males and 45 females). An age-related reduction in SBRs was observed in the dorsal striatum, ventral striatum, caudate nucleus, and putamen for both genders. SUVRs were found to negatively correlate with age in the dorsal striatum, ventral striatum, caudate nucleus, and putamen for males and in the dorsal striatum and caudate nucleus for females. Positive correlations between SBRs and SUVRs in the dorsal striatum, ventral striatum, caudate nucleus, and putamen for male and in the dorsal striatum, caudate nucleus, and putamen for females. CONCLUSIONS Using quantified values from dual-phase 18F-FP-CIT PET with a single injection, we demonstrate a negative impact of age on SBRs (DAT binding) in the striatum for both genders and SUVRs (cerebral perfusion) in the dorsal striatum and caudate nucleus for both genders and in the ventral striatum and putamen for males. Additionally, we found positive associations between SBR and SUVR values in the dorsal striatum, caudate nucleus, and putamen for both genders and in the ventral striatum for males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Seok Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Jeon Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Niu F, Xie W, Zhang W, Kawuki J, Yu X. Vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:329-341. [PMID: 36961747 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2192561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationship between the intake of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene, and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane library, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched from inception to 29 August 2022 for observational studies reporting the odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) or hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PD by Vitamin C/Vitamin E/β-carotene intake. Random-effects models, publication bias assessment, subgroup, sensitivity and dose-response analyses were performed, using.Stata version 12.0. RESULTS A total of 13 studies were included. There was no significant association between high-dose vitamin C intake and the risk of PD compared with low-dose vitamin C intake (RR = 0.98, 95%CI:0.89,1.08). Compared with low-dose intake, high-dose intake of vitamin E can prevent the risk of PD (RR = 0.87, 95%CI:0.77,0.99). Compared with lower β-carotene intake, there was a borderline non-significant correlation between higher intake and PD risk (RR = 0.91, 95%CI:0.82,1.01), and high dose β-carotene intake was found to be associated with a lower risk of PD in women (RR = 0.78, 95%CI:0.64,0.96). CONCLUSION This study shows that vitamin E intake can reduce the risk of PD and play a preventive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Xie
- Department of Quality Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph Kawuki
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaojin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Singh M, Krishnamoorthy VR, Kim S, Khurana S, LaPorte HM. Brain-derived neuerotrophic factor and related mechanisms that mediate and influence progesterone-induced neuroprotection. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1286066. [PMID: 38469139 PMCID: PMC10925611 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1286066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Historically, progesterone has been studied significantly within the context of reproductive biology. However, there is now an abundance of evidence for its role in regions of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with such non-reproductive functions that include cognition and affect. Here, we describe mechanisms of progesterone action that support its brain-protective effects, and focus particularly on the role of neurotrophins (such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF), the receptors that are critical for their regulation, and the role of certain microRNA in influencing the brain-protective effects of progesterone. In addition, we describe evidence to support the particular importance of glia in mediating the neuroprotective effects of progesterone. Through this review of these mechanisms and our own prior published work, we offer insight into why the effects of a progestin on brain protection may be dependent on the type of progestin (e.g., progesterone versus the synthetic, medroxyprogesterone acetate) used, and age, and as such, we offer insight into the future clinical implication of progesterone treatment for such disorders that include Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meharvan Singh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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5
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Wang L, Deng JY, Fan XY, Yang D, Zhu PY, Wang XM. Absence of causal relationship between Parkinson's disease and subsequent prostate cancer: evidence from meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization studies. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1323812. [PMID: 38239652 PMCID: PMC10796167 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1323812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous observational studies have investigated the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in patients diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, the existence of a definitive association remains uncertain. Methods Systematic searches were performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published up to October 1, 2023. For Mendelian randomized (MR) causal inference, we employed pooled data from the IPDGC and PRACTICAL Consortium. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method served as the principal technique for estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations under investigation. Results Cumulative analysis of nine studies revealed no significant association between patients diagnosed with PD and the subsequent incidence of PCa ([relative ratio] RR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.73 to 1.08, P = 0.237). However, subgroup analyses indicated a reduced occurrence of PCa in Caucasian patients with PD (RR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.69 to 0.95, P = 0.011). MR analyses failed to establish a significant link between increased genetic susceptibility to PD and the risk of PCa (IVW OR = 1.025, 95%CI = 0.997 to 1.054, P = 0.082). Sensitivity analyses further corroborated the robustness of these results. Conclusion Both observational meta-analysis and MR analysis based on genetic variation do not support an association between PD patients and the subsequent risk of PCa. Further research is warranted to unravel the potential underlying mechanisms linking these two diseases. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023473527.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jing-ya Deng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xi-yue Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Ping-yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiao-ming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Diseases of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, Nanchong, China
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Contaldi E, Leogrande G, Fornaro R, Comi C, Magistrelli L. Menstrual-Related Fluctuations in a Juvenile-Onset Parkinson's Disease Patient Treated with STN-DBS: Correlation with Local Field Potentials. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:101-104. [PMID: 38291836 PMCID: PMC10828624 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Contaldi
- Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
- Present address:
Parkinson InstituteASST G. Pini‐CTO, Via Emilio Bignami 120126MilanItaly
| | | | - Riccardo Fornaro
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital “Maggiore Della Carità”NovaraItaly
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleVercelliItaly
| | - Luca Magistrelli
- Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
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Jiang Z, Wang X, Zhang H, Yin J, Zhao P, Yin Q, Wang Z. Ketogenic diet protects MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease via altering gut microbiota and metabolites. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e268. [PMID: 37200942 PMCID: PMC10186339 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat regime that is protective against neurodegenerative diseases. However, the impact of KD on Parkinson's disease (PD) and its mechanisms remains unclear. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD was fed with KD for 8 weeks. Motor function and dopaminergic neurons were evaluated. Inflammation in the brain, plasma, and colon tissue were also measured. Fecal samples were assessed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. We found that KD protected motor dysfunction, dopaminergic neuron loss, and inflammation in an MPTP mouse model of PD. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that MPTP administration significantly increased Citrobacter, Desulfovibrio, and Ruminococcus, and decreased Dubosiella, whereas KD treatment reversed the dysbiosis. Meanwhile, KD regulated the MPTP-induced histamine, N-acetylputrescine, d-aspartic acid, and other metabolites. Fecal microbiota transplantation using feces from the KD-treated mice attenuated the motor function impairment and dopaminergic neuron loss in antibiotic-pretreated PD mice. Our current study demonstrates that KD played a neuroprotective role in the MPTP mouse model of PD through the diet-gut microbiota-brain axis, which may involve inflammation in the brain and colon. However, future research is warranted to explore the explicit anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the gut-brain axis in PD models fed with KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Jiang
- Department of Geriatric NeurologyThe Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Geriatric NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Bio‐Medical DiagnosticsSuzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhouJiangsuChina
- Department of Bio‐Medical DiagnosticsJinan Guo Ke Medical Technology Development Co. Ltd.JinanShandongChina
| | - Peiqing Zhao
- Department of Translational Medical CenterZibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical UniversityZiboShandongChina
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Department of Geriatric NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Zhenfu Wang
- Department of Geriatric NeurologyThe Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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8
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Luchetti S, Liere P, Pianos A, Verwer RWH, Sluiter A, Huitinga I, Schumacher M, Swaab DF, Mason MRJ. Disease stage-dependent changes in brain levels and neuroprotective effects of neuroactive steroids in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106169. [PMID: 37257664 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroactive steroids are known neuroprotective agents and neurotransmitter regulators. We previously found that expression of the enzymes synthesizing 5α-dihydroprogesterone (5α-DHP), allopregnanolone (ALLO), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were reduced in the substantia nigra (SN) of Parkinson's Disease (PD) brain. Here, concentrations of a comprehensive panel of steroids were measured in human post-mortem brains of PD patients and controls. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to measure steroid levels in SN (involved in early symptoms) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) (involved later in the disease) of five control (CTR) and nine PD donors, divided into two groups: PD4 (PD-Braak stages 1-4) and PD6 (PD-Braak stages 5-6). In SN, ALLO was increased in PD4 compared to CTR and 5α-DHP and ALLO levels were diminished in PD6 compared to PD4. The ALLO metabolite 3α5α20α-hexahydroprogesterone (3α5α20α-HHP) was higher in PD4 compared to CTR. In PFC, 3α5α20α-HHP was higher in PD4 compared to both CTR and PD6. The effects of 5α-DHP, ALLO and DHEAS were tested on human post-mortem brain slices of patients and controls in culture. RNA expression of genes involved in neuroprotection, neuroinflammation and neurotransmission was analysed after 5 days of incubation with each steroid. In PD6 slices, both 5α-DHP and ALLO induced an increase of the glutamate reuptake effector GLAST1, while 5α-DHP also increased gene expression of the neuroprotective TGFB. In CTR slices, ALLO caused reduced expression of IGF1 and GLS, while DHEAS reduced the expression of p75 and the anti-apoptotic molecule APAF1. Together these data suggest that a potentially protective upregulation of ALLO occurs at early stages of PD, followed by a downregulation of progesterone metabolites at later stages that may exacerbate the pathological changes, especially in SN. Neuroprotective effects of neurosteroids are thus dependent on the neuropathological stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Luchetti
- Neuropsychiatric Disorders Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neuroimmunology Research Group, NIN, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Liere
- U1195 INSERM and University Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicetre, 94276 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Pianos
- U1195 INSERM and University Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicetre, 94276 Paris, France
| | - Ronald W H Verwer
- Neuropsychiatric Disorders Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arja Sluiter
- Neuropsychiatric Disorders Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, NIN, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Schumacher
- U1195 INSERM and University Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicetre, 94276 Paris, France
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Neuropsychiatric Disorders Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Gurlek Celik N, Tiryaki S. Changes in the volumes and asymmetry of subcortical structures in healthy individuals according to gender. Anat Sci Int 2023:10.1007/s12565-023-00714-w. [PMID: 36947348 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of technology, three-dimensional software has entered our lives. Volumetric measurements made with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are essential in the morphometry of the brain and subcortical structures. In this study, we aim to share the volume and asymmetry of the hippocampus, its sub-branches, and other subcortical structures and their interaction with age/sex using volBrain, a web-based automated software.1.5 T T1-weighted volumetric MRI, of 90 healthy individuals (51 females, 39 males) of both genders were included in our study. Pallidum, hippocampus, Cornu Ammonis1 (CA1), Cornu Ammonis2-3 (CA2-CA3), and Cornu Ammonis4-Dentate Gyrus (CA4-DG) measurements in females and males had a statistically higher mean in the right region (p < 0.05). In addition, females' hippocampus, CA1, CA2-CA3, and CA4-DG averages decreased more rapidly in the right region than in the left region. Subiculum measurement had a higher mean in the left region in both males and females (p < 0.05).The mean subiculum of males decreased more rapidly in the right region than in the left region. When the total values of the subcortical region in males and females were compared according to age categories, amygdala, pallidum, putamen, hippocampus, CA2-CA3, and subiculum values did not differ to gender in individuals aged 50 and over (p > 0.05). In individuals under 50 years old, the mean of females was statistically lower than the mean of males (p < 0.05).The Stratum radiatum (SR), Stratum lacunosum (SL), and Stratum molecuare (SM) asymmetry values of males in the examined subcortical regions had a higher mean than females (p = 0.039). In other regions, there was no statistically asymmetrical difference (p > 0.05). Studies evaluating the volumetric analysis and asymmetry of hippocampus subbranches and other subcortical structures in adults are very limited. As a result, the morphometry of the hippocampus subbranches and other subcortical structures was examined in detail. It was determined that the structures differed according to age, gender and body side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Gurlek Celik
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Amasya University, 05100, Amasya, Turkey.
| | - Saban Tiryaki
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, 40100, Kirsehir, Turkey
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10
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Suarez LM, Diaz-Del Cerro E, Felix J, Gonzalez-Sanchez M, Ceprian N, Guerra-Perez N, G Novelle M, Martinez de Toda I, De la Fuente M. Sex differences in neuroimmunoendocrine communication. Involvement on longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111798. [PMID: 36907251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine, nervous, and immune systems work coordinately to maintain the global homeostasis of the organism. They show sex differences in their functions that, in turn, contribute to sex differences beyond reproductive function. Females display a better control of the energetic metabolism and improved neuroprotection and have more antioxidant defenses and a better inflammatory status than males, which is associated with a more robust immune response than that of males. These differences are present from the early stages of life, being more relevant in adulthood and influencing the aging trajectory in each sex and may contribute to the different life lifespan between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Suarez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estefania Diaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Felix
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Ceprian
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Guerra-Perez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta G Novelle
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martinez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Castelnovo LF, Thomas P. Progesterone exerts a neuroprotective action in a Parkinson's disease human cell model through membrane progesterone receptor α (mPRα/PAQR7). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1125962. [PMID: 36967764 PMCID: PMC10036350 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1125962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and current treatment options are unsatisfactory on the long term. Several studies suggest a potential neuroprotective action by female hormones, especially estrogens. The potential role of progestogens, however, is less defined, and no studies have investigated the potential involvement of membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs). In the present study, the putative neuroprotective role for mPRs was investigated in SH-SY5Y cells, using two established pharmacological treatments for cellular PD models, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Our results show that both the physiologic agonist progesterone and the specific mPR agonist Org OD 02-0 were effective in reducing SH-SY5Y cell death induced by 6-OHDA and MPP+, whereas the nuclear PR agonist promegestone (R5020) and the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol were ineffective. Experiments performed with gene silencing technology and selective pharmacological agonists showed that mPRα is the isoform responsible for the neuroprotective effects we observed. Further experiments showed that the PI3K-AKT and MAP kinase signaling pathways are involved in the mPRα-mediated progestogen neuroprotective action in SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that mPRα could play a neuroprotective role in PD pathology and may be a promising target for the development of therapeutic strategies for PD prevention or management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Thomas
- *Correspondence: Luca F. Castelnovo, ; Peter Thomas,
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12
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Zolotarev YA, Shram SI, Dadayan AK, Dolotov OV, Markov DD, Nagaev IY, Kudrin VS, Narkevich VB, Sokolov OY, Kost NV. HLDF-6 peptides exhibit neuroprotective effects in the experimental model of preclinical Parkinson's disease. Neuropeptides 2022; 96:102287. [PMID: 36280440 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of the hexapeptides HLDF-6 encoded by the amino acid sequence 41-46 of Human Leukemia Differentiation Factor and its homoserine derivative HLDF-6H were studied in an experimental 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced model of Parkinson's disease (PD). C57Bl/6 mice received two intraperitoneal injections of 18 mg/kg MPTP-HCl, with an interval of 2 hours. MPTP-induced motor dysfunction was assessed using horizontal grid test. Our data show that chronic intranasal administration of peptides (3 weeks, 300 μg/kg/day) restored normal levels of dopamine and improved its turnover rates in the striatum. Furthermore, peptide administration increased serum estradiol levels and led to a significant improvement in motor functions in MPTP-treated mice. Additionally, peptide treatment increased the levels of mRNA encoding neurotrophin BDNF, but normalized the levels of mRNA encoding the inflammatory mediators TGFβ1, IL1β and IFNγ in the brain. Collectively, our behavioral and biochemical studies demonstrate that HLDF-6 peptides have a therapeutic potential for treating PD. We propose that HLDF-6 peptides may exert their neuroprotective mechanism, at least in part, by normalizing estradiol levels and modulating the expression of key factors involved in neurotrophic support and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii A Zolotarev
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia.
| | - Stanislav I Shram
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr K Dadayan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Dolotov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy D Markov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Yu Nagaev
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia
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13
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Intestinal Flora Affect Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating Endogenous Hormones. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3565-3582. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Unda SR, Marciano S, Milner TA, Marongiu R. State-of-the-art review of the clinical research on menopause and hormone replacement therapy association with Parkinson's disease: What meta-analysis studies cannot tell us. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:971007. [PMID: 36337706 PMCID: PMC9631815 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.971007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The menopause is a midlife endocrinological process that greatly affects women's central nervous system functions. Over the last 2 decades numerous clinical studies have addressed the influence of ovarian hormone decline on neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. However, the findings in support of a role for age at menopause, type of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on Parkinson's disease onset and its core features show inconsistencies due to the heterogeneity in the study design. Here, we provide a unified overview of the clinical literature on the influence of menopause and ovarian hormones on Parkinson's disease. We highlight the possible sources of conflicting evidence and gather considerations for future observational clinical studies that aim to explore the neurological impact of menopause-related features in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago R. Unda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sabina Marciano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Teresa A. Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberta Marongiu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
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15
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de la Rosa T, Calvo VS, Gonçalves VC, Ferreira CB, Cabral LM, Souza FDC, Scerni DA, Scorza FA, Moreira TS, Takakura AC. Respiratory deficits in a female rat model of Parkinson's Disease. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1349-1359. [PMID: 36030407 DOI: 10.1113/ep090378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How does 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's Disease model affect the respiratory response in female rats? What effect does ovariectomy have on that response? What is the main finding and its importance? Our results suggest a protective effect of ovarian hormones in maintaining normal neuroanatomical integrity of the medullary respiratory nucleus in females. It was observed that ovariectomy alone reduced NK1r density in preBotc and BotC, and there was an incremental effect of 6-OHDA and ovariectomy on RTN neurons. ABSTRACT Emerging evidence indicates that Parkinson's disease (PD) courses with autonomic and respiratory deficiencies in addition to the classical motor symptoms. The prevalence of PD is lower in women, and it has been hypothesized that neuroprotection by ovarian hormones can explain this difference. While male PD animal models present changes in the central respiratory control areas, as well as ventilatory parameters under normoxia and hypercapnia, little is known about sex differences regarding respiratory deficits in this disease background. This study aimed to explore the neuroanatomical and functional respiratory changes in intact and ovariectomized female rats subjected to chemically induced PD via a bilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The respiratory parameters were evaluated by whole-body plethysmography, and the neuroanatomy was monitored using immunohistochemistry. It was found that dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1r) density in the rostral ventrolateral respiratory group, Botzinger and pre-Botzinger complex were reduced in the chemically induced PD animals. Additionally, reduced numbers of Phox2b neurons were only observed in the retrotrapezoid nucleus of PD-ovariectomized rats. Concerning respiratory parameters, in ovariectomized rats, the resting and hypercapnia-induced tidal volume (VT ) is reduced, and ventilation (VE ) changes independently of 6-OHDA administration. Notably, there is a reduction in the number of RTN phox2b neurons and hypercapnia-induced respiratory changes in PD-ovariectomized animals due to a 6-OHDA and OVX interaction. These results suggest a protective effect induced by ovarian hormones in neuroanatomical changes observed in a female experimental PD model. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás de la Rosa
- Neurology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviam S Calvo
- Neurology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria C Gonçalves
- Neurology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline B Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais M Cabral
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe da C Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora A Scerni
- Neurology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fúlvio A Scorza
- Neurology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Takakura
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Jeong SH, Lee HS, Lee PH, Sohn YH, Chung SJ. Does dopamine deficiency affect sex-dependent prognosis in Parkinson's disease? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 102:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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17
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Poirier AA, Côté M, Bourque M, Jarras H, Lamontagne-Proulx J, Morissette M, Paolo TD, Soulet D. DIFFERENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS TO THE INTESTINAL THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF 17β-ESTRADIOL IN A MURINE MODEL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE. Brain Res Bull 2022; 187:85-97. [PMID: 35781029 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of estrogens have been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) for many years. We previously reported their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potentials in the enteric nervous system of the intestine, a region possibly affected during the early stages of the disease according to Braak's hypothesis. Three different estrogen receptors have been characterized to date: the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and the G protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). The aim of the present study was to decipher the individual contribution of each estrogen receptor to the therapeutic properties of 17β-estradiol (E2) in the myenteric plexus of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. Different agonists, 4,4',4''-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (PPT; ERα), 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN; ERβ), G1 (GPER1), and antagonists, ICI 182,780 (ERα and ERβ), G15 (GPER1), were used to analyze the involvement of each receptor. We confirmed that G1 protects dopamine (DA) neurons to a similar extent as E2. An anti-inflammatory effect on proinflammatory macrophages and cultured human monocytes was also demonstrated with E2 and G1. The effects of PPT and DPN were less potent than G1 with only a partial neuroprotection of DA neurons by PPT and a partial reduction of interleukin (IL)-1β production in monocytes by PPT and DPN. Overall, the present results indicate that the positive outcomes of estrogens are mainly through activation of GPER1. Therefore, this suggests that targeting GPER1 could be a promising approach for future estrogen-based hormone therapies during early PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Poirier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mélissa Côté
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Hend Jarras
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Lamontagne-Proulx
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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18
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Murros KE. Hydrogen Sulfide Produced by Gut Bacteria May Induce Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:978. [PMID: 35326429 PMCID: PMC8946538 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several bacterial species can generate hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Study evidence favors the view that the microbiome of the colon harbors increased amounts of H2S producing bacteria in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, H2S can easily penetrate cell membranes and enter the cell interior. In the cells, excessive amounts of H2S can potentially release cytochrome c protein from the mitochondria, increase the iron content of the cytosolic iron pool, and increase the amount of reactive oxygen species. These events can lead to the formation of alpha-synuclein oligomers and fibrils in cells containing the alpha-synuclein protein. In addition, bacterially produced H2S can interfere with the body urate metabolism and affect the blood erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Gut bacteria responsible for increased H2S production, especially the mucus-associated species of the bacterial genera belonging to the Desulfovibrionaceae and Enterobacteriaceae families, are likely play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Special attention should be devoted to changes not only in the colonic but also in the duodenal microbiome composition with regard to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Influenza infections may increase the risk of Parkinson's disease by causing the overgrowth of H2S-producing bacteria both in the colon and duodenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Erik Murros
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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19
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Sisakhti M, Shafaghi L, Batouli SAH. The Volumetric Changes of the Pineal Gland with Age: An Atlas-based Structural Analysis. Exp Aging Res 2022; 48:474-504. [DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2022.2033593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Sisakhti
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lida Shafaghi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Computational Cognition, Humanlab Technologies, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Arbo BD, Schimith LE, Goulart dos Santos M, Hort MA. Repositioning and development of new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on neuroinflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 919:174800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Diviccaro S, Cioffi L, Falvo E, Giatti S, Melcangi RC. Allopregnanolone: An overview on its synthesis and effects. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e12996. [PMID: 34189791 PMCID: PMC9285581 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Allopregnanolone, a 3α,5α-progesterone metabolite, acts as a potent allosteric modulator of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor. In the present review, the synthesis of this neuroactive steroid occurring in the nervous system is discussed with respect to physiological and pathological conditions. In addition, its physiological and neuroprotective effects are also reported. Interestingly, the levels of this neuroactive steroid, as well as its effects, are sex-dimorphic, suggesting a possible gender medicine based on this neuroactive steroid for neurological disorders. However, allopregnanolone presents low bioavailability and extensive hepatic metabolism, limiting its use as a drug. Therefore, synthetic analogues or a different therapeutic strategy able to increase allopregnanolone levels have been proposed to overcome any pharmacokinetic issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Lucia Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Eva Falvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
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22
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Subramanian I, Mathur S, Oosterbaan A, Flanagan R, Keener AM, Moro E. Unmet Needs of Women Living with Parkinson's Disease: Gaps and Controversies. Mov Disord 2022; 37:444-455. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.28921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Subramanian
- Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center Los Angeles California USA
| | | | - Annelien Oosterbaan
- Department of Neurology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Adrienne M. Keener
- Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center Los Angeles California USA
| | - Elena Moro
- Grenoble Alpes University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neurology CHUGA, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences Grenoble France
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23
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Maioli S, Leander K, Nilsson P, Nalvarte I. Estrogen receptors and the aging brain. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:913-925. [PMID: 34623401 PMCID: PMC8628183 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The female sex hormone estrogen has been ascribed potent neuroprotective properties. It signals by binding and activating estrogen receptors that, depending on receptor subtype and upstream or downstream effectors, can mediate gene transcription and rapid non-genomic actions. In this way, estrogen receptors in the brain participate in modulating neural differentiation, proliferation, neuroinflammation, cholesterol metabolism, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Circulating sex hormones decrease in the course of aging, more rapidly at menopause in women, and slower in men. This review will discuss what this drop entails in terms of modulating neuroprotection and resilience in the aging brain downstream of spatiotemporal estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) signaling, as well as in terms of the sex differences observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, controversies related to ER expression in the brain will be discussed. Understanding the spatiotemporal signaling of sex hormones in the brain can lead to more personalized prevention strategies or therapies combating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maioli
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Nalvarte
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
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Isenbrandt A, Morissette M, Bourque M, Lamontagne-Proulx J, Coulombe K, Soulet D, Di Paolo T. Effect of sex and gonadectomy on brain MPTP toxicity and response to dutasteride treatment in mice. Neuropharmacology 2021; 201:108784. [PMID: 34555366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The main neuropathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN); PD prevalence is higher in men, suggesting a role of sex hormones in neuroprotection. This study sought the effects of sex hormones in the brain in a mouse model of PD and modulation of steroid metabolism/synthesis with the 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride shown to protect 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) male mice. Male and female mice were gonadectomized (GDX) or SHAM operated. They were treated with vehicle or dutasteride (5 mg/kg) for 10 days and administered a low dose of MPTP (5.5 mg/kg) or saline on the 5th day to model early PD; brains were collected thereafter. Striatal measures of the active metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) contents showed no difference supporting an effect of the experimental conditions investigated. In SHAM MPTP male mice loss of striatal DA and metabolites, DA transporter (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) specific binding in the striatum and SN was prevented by dutasteride treatment; these changes were inversely correlated with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, an astrogliosis marker) levels. In SHAM female mice MPTP treatment had little or no effect on striatal and SN DA markers and GFAP levels whereas GDX male and female mice showed a similar loss of striatal DA markers and increase of GFAP. No effect of dutasteride treatment was observed in GDX male and female mice. In conclusion, sex differences in mice MPTP toxicity and response to dutasteride were observed that were lost upon gonadectomy implicating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Isenbrandt
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marc Morissette
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Mélanie Bourque
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Jérôme Lamontagne-Proulx
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Katherine Coulombe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada.
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25
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Erdemli-Köse SB, Yirün A, Balci-Özyurt A, Erkekoğlu P. Modification of the toxic effects of methylmercury and thimerosal by testosterone and estradiol in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:981-994. [PMID: 34874569 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Short-chained alkyl mercury compounds accumulate in particularly in the brain. Exposure to these compounds is associated with various neurotoxic effects. Gender-based differences are observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, and testosterone and estradiol may alter the toxic effect of the compounds. The present study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of methylmercury and thimerosal on SH-SY5Y cells in high testosterone/low estradiol and high estradiol/low testosterone containing cellular environment and estimate whether male and female brains react differently to the toxic effects of methylmercury and thimerosal. Study groups (n = 3) were designed as control: growth medium, thimerosal (T): 1.15-μM thimerosal, methylmercury (M): 2.93-μM methylmercury, high testosterone/low estradiol + thimerosal (TT): 1-μM testosterone + 0.75-μM estradiol + 1.15-μM thimerosal, high estradiol/low testosterone + thimerosal (ET): 0.1-μM testosterone + 7.5-μM estradiol + 1.15-μM thimerosal, high testosterone/low estradiol + methylmercury (TM): 1-μM testosterone + 0.75-μM estradiol + 2.93-μM methylmercury and high estradiol/low testosterone + methylmercury (EM): 0.1-μM testosterone + 7.5-μM estradiol + 2.93-μM methylmercury. While a significant decrease in glutathione levels was observed in M group, it was not seen in EM group. A significant increase in the protein carbonyl levels was detected in T group. A similar increase was observed in the TM and TT groups in which testosterone was dominant. It was determined that methylmercury, but not thimerosal, caused significant DNA damage and in TT group. The results showed that both thimerosal and methylmercury are toxic on SH-SY5Y cells and toxic effects of methylmercury are more severe than thimerosal. It has been determined that testosterone and estradiol alter the toxic effects of thimerosal and methylmercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selinay Başak Erdemli-Köse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Anıl Yirün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Çukurova University Faculty of Pharmacy, Adana, Turkey
| | - Aylin Balci-Özyurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Erkekoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Vaccine Technology, Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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Chung SJ, Kim YJ, Yoo HS, Jung JH, Baik K, Lee HS, Lee YH, Hong JM, Sohn YH, Lee PH. Temporalis Muscle Thickness as an Indicator of Sarcopenia Is Associated With Long-term Motor Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:2242-2248. [PMID: 33754634 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the relationship between temporalis muscle thickness (TMT) at baseline as a surrogate marker for sarcopenia and long-term motor outcomes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS We enrolled 249 patients with drug-naïve early-stage PD (119 males and 130 females, follow-up > 3 years). Baseline TMT of each patient was measured on the axial plane of T1-weighted images. The association between baseline TMT and long-term motor outcomes in PD was assessed using Cox regression models for levodopa-induced dyskinesia, wearing-off, and freezing of gait and a linear mixed model for the longitudinal increases in levodopa-equivalent dose per body weight over time. Statistical analyses were performed separately for sex if an interaction effect between TMT and sex was assumed. RESULTS TMT differed substantially between the sexes, and male PD patients had higher TMT (6.69 ± 1.39 mm) than female PD patients (5.64 ± 1.34 mm, p < .001). Cox regression models demonstrated that baseline TMT was not associated with the risk of developing levodopa-induced dyskinesia, wearing-off, or freezing of gait during the follow-up period. The linear mixed model was applied separately for sex and demonstrated that higher TMT at baseline was associated with slower increases in levodopa-equivalent dose per body weight in male PD patients, but not in female PD patients. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that baseline TMT could be an indicator of the longitudinal requirement for dopaminergic medications in male patients with PD, suggesting that sarcopenia may have a detrimental effect on disease progression in PD in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,South Korea
| | - KyoungWon Baik
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,South Korea
| | - Ji-Man Hong
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Cancer in Parkinson’s Disease, a Review of Literature. ARS MEDICA TOMITANA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/arsm-2021-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Aim: The present study aimed to assess the conclusions of literature articles on the matter of cancer in Parkinson’s disease.
Patients and Methods: Studies and articles that contained information on epidemiology, pathophysiological, clinical as well as associations and correlations on the topic of Parkinson’s disease and cancer were incorporated in the research too.
Results: The prevalent part of the investigations and studies on the matter of Parkinson’s disease patients’ risk of cancer revealed a decreased lifetime risk in comparisson with non-PD subjects. In the literature, the most prevalent types of cancer among Parkinson’s disease patients were melanoma and other subtypes skin cancer and also, breast cancer.
Conclusion: Epigenetic factors, gene–environment interactions, and problematic events can have an impact in the occurance and progression of Parkinson’s disease. Further, the mentioned factors can also determine the developing of cancer. Therefore, a complex and interesting relation between the two diseases is further to be discovered.
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Diabetes, insulin and new therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease: Focus on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 62:100914. [PMID: 33845041 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease and diabetes mellitus are two chronic disorders associated with aging that are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Parkinson is a multifactorial progressive condition with no available disease modifying treatments at the moment. Over the last few years there is growing interest in the relationship between diabetes (and impaired insulin signaling) and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the possible benefit of antidiabetic treatments as neuroprotectors, even in non-diabetic patients. Insulin regulates essential functions in the brain such as neuronal survival, autophagy of toxic proteins, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. We review the existing epidemiological, experimental and clinical evidence that supports the interplay between insulin and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease, as well as the role of antidiabetic treatments in this disease.
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29
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Xing S, Jiao Y, Salehzadeh M, Soma KK, Huan T. SteroidXtract: Deep Learning-Based Pattern Recognition Enables Comprehensive and Rapid Extraction of Steroid-Like Metabolic Features for Automated Biology-Driven Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5735-5743. [PMID: 33784068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the vast amount of metabolic information that can be captured in untargeted metabolomics, many biological applications are looking for a biology-driven metabolomics platform that targets a set of metabolites that are relevant to the given biological question. Steroids are a class of important molecules that play critical roles in many physiological systems and diseases. Besides known steroids, there are a large number of unknown steroids that have not been reported in the literature. The ability to rapidly detect and quantify both known and unknown steroid molecules in a biological sample can greatly accelerate a broad range of steroid-focused life science research. This work describes the development and application of SteroidXtract, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based bioinformatics tool that can recognize steroid molecules in mass spectrometry (MS)-based untargeted metabolomics using their unique tandem MS (MS2) spectral patterns. SteroidXtract was trained using a comprehensive set of standard MS2 spectra from MassBank of North America (MoNA) and an in-house steroid library. Data augmentation strategies, including intensity thresholding and Gaussian noise addition, were created and applied to minimize data overfitting caused by the limited number of standard steroid MS2 spectra. The CNN model embedded in SteroidXtract was further compared with random forest and XGBoost using nested cross-validations to demonstrate its performance. Finally, SteroidXtract was applied in several metabolomics studies to demonstrate its sensitivity, specificity, and robustness. Compared to conventional statistics-driven metabolomics data interpretation, our work offers a novel automated biology-driven approach to interpreting untargeted metabolomics data, prioritizing biologically important molecules with high throughput and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipei Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Yibo Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Melody Salehzadeh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kiran K Soma
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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30
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Effect of Chronic Methylphenidate Treatment in a Female Experimental Model of Parkinsonism. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:667-676. [PMID: 33666887 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of ADHD in males and females. However, a majority of previous studies investigated the effect of MPH in only males, and little is known regarding consequences of female exposure to MPH. This is unfortunate because the few studies that have been conducted indicate that females have a greater sensitivity to MPH. Previous research in male mice has shown that chronic exposure to MPH causes dopaminergic neurons within the nigrostriatal pathway to be more sensitive to the Parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). However, estrogen has been shown to protect dopaminergic neurons from MPTP neurotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we test the hypothesis that chronic MPH exposure in female mice will render dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway more sensitive to MPTP, and that estrogen may play a protective role. Interestingly, proestrus females exhibited greater sensitivity to MPTP, with significantly reduced dopaminergic neurons in the SN and significant increases in DA quinone production. Chronic MPH exposure contributed to GSH depletion, but surprisingly, it did not increase dopamine quinone levels or dopaminergic cell loss. There were no significant differences in anestrus animals, with the exception of a depletion in GSH seen when animals received chronic high-dose (10 mg/kg) MPH followed by MPTP. Thus, estrogen may actually sensitize neurons to MPTP in this model, and chronic MPH may contribute to GSH depletion within the striatum. This study provides insight into how chronic psychostimulant use may affect males and females differently.
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31
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Tremblay C, Abbasi N, Zeighami Y, Yau Y, Dadar M, Rahayel S, Dagher A. Sex effects on brain structure in de novo Parkinson's disease: a multimodal neuroimaging study. Brain 2021; 143:3052-3066. [PMID: 32980872 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease varies in severity and age of onset. One source of this variability is sex. Males are twice as likely as females to develop Parkinson's disease, and tend to have more severe symptoms and greater speed of progression. However, to date, there is little information in large cohorts on sex differences in the patterns of neurodegeneration. Here we used MRI and clinical information from the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative to measure structural brain differences between sexes in Parkinson's disease after regressing out the expected effect of age and sex. We derived atrophy maps from deformation-based morphometry of T1-weighted MRI and connectivity from diffusion-weighted MRI in de novo Parkinson's disease patients (149 males: 83 females) with comparable clinical severity, and healthy control participants (78 males: 39 females). Overall, even though the two patient groups were matched for disease duration and severity, males demonstrated generally greater brain atrophy and disrupted connectivity. Males with Parkinson's disease had significantly greater tissue loss than females in 11 cortical regions including bilateral frontal and left insular lobe, right postcentral gyrus, left inferior temporal and cingulate gyrus and left thalamus, while females had greater atrophy in six cortical regions, including regions in the left frontal lobe, right parietal lobe, left insular gyrus and right occipital cortex. Local efficiency of white matter connectivity showed greater disruption in males in multiple regions such as basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala and thalamus. These findings support the idea that development of Parkinson's disease may involve different pathological mechanisms and yield distinct prognosis in males and females, which may have implications for research into neuroprotection, and stratification for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tremblay
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nooshin Abbasi
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yashar Zeighami
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yvonne Yau
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mahsa Dadar
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shady Rahayel
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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32
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Hendrickx DM, Garcia P, Ashrafi A, Sciortino A, Schmit KJ, Kollmus H, Nicot N, Kaoma T, Vallar L, Buttini M, Glaab E. A New Synuclein-Transgenic Mouse Model for Early Parkinson's Reveals Molecular Features of Preclinical Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:576-602. [PMID: 32997293 PMCID: PMC8219584 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding Parkinson's disease (PD), in particular in its earliest phases, is important for diagnosis and treatment. However, human brain samples are collected post-mortem, reflecting mainly end-stage disease. Because brain samples of mouse models can be collected at any stage of the disease process, they are useful in investigating PD progression. Here, we compare ventral midbrain transcriptomics profiles from α-synuclein transgenic mice with a progressive, early PD-like striatal neurodegeneration across different ages using pathway, gene set, and network analysis methods. Our study uncovers statistically significant altered genes across ages and between genotypes with known, suspected, or unknown function in PD pathogenesis and key pathways associated with disease progression. Among those are genotype-dependent alterations associated with synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission, as well as mitochondria-related genes and dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Age-dependent changes were among others observed in neuronal and synaptic activity, calcium homeostasis, and membrane receptor signaling pathways, many of which linked to G-protein coupled receptors. Most importantly, most changes occurred before neurodegeneration was detected in this model, which points to a sequence of gene expression events that may be relevant for disease initiation and progression. It is tempting to speculate that molecular changes similar to those changes observed in our model happen in midbrain dopaminergic neurons before they start to degenerate. In other words, we believe we have uncovered molecular changes that accompany the progression from preclinical to early PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Hendrickx
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Neuropathology Unit, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Amer Ashrafi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Present Address: Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alessia Sciortino
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Kristopher J. Schmit
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Heike Kollmus
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nathalie Nicot
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Vallar
- Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Parkinson's disease in women: Mechanisms underlying sex differences. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 895:173862. [PMID: 33450279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease which is associated with different motor, cognitive and mood-related problems. Though it has been established that Parkinson's disease is less prevalent in women in comparison to men, the differences tend to diminish with the advancing age. Different genetic, hormonal, neuroendocrinal and molecular players contribute towards the differences in the Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, data available with respect to the therapeutic management of Parkinson's disease in females is limited; women often tend to suffer more from the side effects of the currently available drugs. The present review highlights the sex-specific differences which play a role in the manifestation of these symptoms and side effects of the currently available therapeutic strategies. We have also discussed the current and upcoming therapeutic strategies which are in the clinical trials such as adenosine 2A (A2A) receptor antagonists, estrogen replacement therapy, α-synuclein targeting vaccines and antibodies, Botulinum toxin A, Fas-associated factor-1 (FAF-1) inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, 5-HT1A receptor agonists, dopamine D1/D5 receptor agonists, Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues and certain plant based principles for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in women.
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Madrid FF, Grossman LI, Aras S. Mitochondria Autoimmunity and MNRR1 in Breast Carcinogenesis: A Review. JOURNAL OF CANCER IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 2:138-158. [PMID: 33615312 PMCID: PMC7894625 DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.2.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We review here the evidence for participation of mitochondrial autoimmunity in BC inception and progression and propose a new paradigm that may challenge the prevailing thinking in oncogenesis by suggesting that mitochondrial autoimmunity is a major contributor to breast carcinogenesis and probably to the inception and progression of other solid tumors. It has been shown that MNRR1 mediated mitochondrial-nuclear function promotes BC cell growth and migration and the development of metastasis and constitutes a proof of concept supporting the participation of mitochondrial autoimmunity in breast carcinogenesis. The resemblance of the autoantibody profile in BC detected by IFA with that in the rheumatic autoimmune diseases suggested that studies on the autoantibody response to tumor associated antigens and the characterization of the mtDNA- and nDNA-encoded antigens may provide functional data on breast carcinogenesis. We also review the studies supporting the view that a panel of autoreactive nDNA-encoded mitochondrial antigens in addition to MNRR1 may be involved in breast carcinogenesis. These include GAPDH, PKM2, GSTP1, SPATA5, MFF, ncRNA PINK1-AS/DDOST as probably contributing to BC progression and metastases and the evidence suggesting that DDX21 orchestrates a complex signaling network with participation of JUND and ATF3 driving chronic inflammation and breast tumorigenesis. We suggest that the widespread autoreactivity of mtDNA- and nDNA-encoded mitochondrial proteins found in BC sera may be the reflection of autoimmunity triggered by mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial tumor associated antigens involved in multiple tumorigenic pathways. Furthermore, we suggest that mitochondrial proteins may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in BC even if mitochondrial respiration is found to be within normal limits. However, although the studies show that mitochondrial autoimmunity is a major factor in breast cancer inception and progression, it is not the only factor since there is a multiplex autoantibody profile targeting centrosome and stem cell antigens as well as anti-idiotypic antibodies, revealing the complex signaling network involved in breast carcinogenesis. In summary, the studies reviewed here open new, unexpected therapeutic avenues for cancer prevention and treatment of patients with cancer derived from an entirely new perspective of breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Fernández Madrid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Lawrence I. Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
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35
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Ibrahim KS, El-Sayed EM. Beneficial Effects of Coconut Oil in Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-020-09866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jacobs BM, Belete D, Bestwick J, Blauwendraat C, Bandres-Ciga S, Heilbron K, Dobson R, Nalls MA, Singleton A, Hardy J, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, Schrag AE, Noyce AJ. Parkinson's disease determinants, prediction and gene-environment interactions in the UK Biobank. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:1046-1054. [PMID: 32934108 PMCID: PMC7509524 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate the association of environmental risk factors and prodromal features with incident Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis and the interaction of genetic risk with these factors. To evaluate whether existing risk prediction algorithms are improved by the inclusion of genetic risk scores. METHODS We identified individuals with an incident diagnosis of PD (n=1276) and controls (n=500 406) in UK Biobank. We determined the association of risk factors with incident PD using adjusted logistic regression models. We constructed polygenic risk scores (PRSs) using external weights and selected the best PRS from a subset of the cohort (30%). The PRS was used in a separate testing set (70%) to examine gene-environment interactions and compare predictive models for PD. RESULTS Strong evidence of association (false discovery rate <0.05) was found between PD and a positive family history of PD, a positive family history of dementia, non-smoking, low alcohol consumption, depression, daytime somnolence, epilepsy and earlier menarche. Individuals with the highest 10% of PRSs had increased risk of PD (OR 3.37, 95% CI 2.41 to 4.70) compared with the lowest risk decile. A higher PRS was associated with earlier age at PD diagnosis and inclusion of the PRS in the PREDICT-PD algorithm led to a modest improvement in model performance. We found evidence of an interaction between the PRS and diabetes. INTERPRETATION Here, we used UK Biobank data to reproduce several well-known associations with PD, to demonstrate the validity of a PRS and to demonstrate a novel gene-environment interaction, whereby the effect of diabetes on PD risk appears to depend on background genetic risk for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Meir Jacobs
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Daniel Belete
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Bestwick
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Ruth Dobson
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrew John Lees
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anette-Eleonore Schrag
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Guennoun R. Progesterone in the Brain: Hormone, Neurosteroid and Neuroprotectant. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155271. [PMID: 32722286 PMCID: PMC7432434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone has a broad spectrum of actions in the brain. Among these, the neuroprotective effects are well documented. Progesterone neural effects are mediated by multiple signaling pathways involving binding to specific receptors (intracellular progesterone receptors (PR); membrane-associated progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1); and membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs)) and local bioconversion to 3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone (3α,5α-THPROG), which modulates GABAA receptors. This brief review aims to give an overview of the synthesis, metabolism, neuroprotective effects, and mechanism of action of progesterone in the rodent and human brain. First, we succinctly describe the biosynthetic pathways and the expression of enzymes and receptors of progesterone; as well as the changes observed after brain injuries and in neurological diseases. Then, we summarize current data on the differential fluctuations in brain levels of progesterone and its neuroactive metabolites according to sex, age, and neuropathological conditions. The third part is devoted to the neuroprotective effects of progesterone and 3α,5α-THPROG in different experimental models, with a focus on traumatic brain injury and stroke. Finally, we highlight the key role of the classical progesterone receptors (PR) in mediating the neuroprotective effects of progesterone after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachida Guennoun
- U 1195 Inserm and University Paris Saclay, University Paris Sud, 94276 Le kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Giatti S, Diviccaro S, Falvo E, Garcia-Segura LM, Melcangi RC. Physiopathological role of the enzymatic complex 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase in the generation of progesterone and testosterone neuroactive metabolites. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 57:100836. [PMID: 32217094 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic complex 5α-reductase (5α-R) and 3α/3β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (HSOR) is expressed in the nervous system, where it transforms progesterone (PROG) and testosterone (T) into neuroactive metabolites. These metabolites regulate myelination, brain maturation, neurotransmission, reproductive behavior and the stress response. The expression of 5α-R and 3α-HSOR and the levels of PROG and T reduced metabolites show regional and sex differences in the nervous system and are affected by changing physiological conditions as well as by neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. A decrease in their nervous tissue levels may negatively impact the course and outcome of some pathological events. However, in other pathological conditions their increased levels may have a negative impact. Thus, the use of synthetic analogues of these steroids or 5α-R modulation have been proposed as therapeutic approaches for several nervous system pathologies. However, further research is needed to fully understand the consequences of these manipulations, in particular with 5α-R inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Falvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Olivola S, Xodo S, Olivola E, Cecchini F, Londero AP, Driul L. Parkinson's Disease in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Front Neurol 2020; 10:1349. [PMID: 32140133 PMCID: PMC7042376 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy in Parkinson's disease is a rare occurrence, and to date, clinical experience with its management is rather limited. In clinical practice, doubts concern mainly the impact of PD on gestation, labor, and delivery as well as the safety of dopaminergic drugs. Case and review of the literature: We report the case of a 40-year-old woman with an 8-year history of PD. In the first trimester of her pregnancy, her motor status was similar to the pre-conceptional period. In gestation week 16, her motor status dramatically worsened and she complained of predictable "off" periods in the afternoon. For this reason, her dose of L-DOPA/carbidopa was increased up to 500/125 mg per day. At 39 gestational weeks, she gave birth to a healthy girl with an Apgar score of 9 by an uncomplicated cesarean delivery. The child was not breast fed to avoid exposure to antiparkinsonian drugs. The L-DOPA/carbidopa dosage remained constant during the postpartum period. We performed a systematic review of the literature using Ovid Medline, Scopus, and PubMed (including Cochrane database). We used the search terms "Parkinson disease" AND "pregnancy." We identified 20 studies of PD in pregnancy with a total of 37 pregnant women with PD. The most important available data concern the safety of L-DOPA therapy during pregnancy. There seems to be some risk of worsening of the condition or upcoming of new PD symptoms during or shortly after pregnancy. Conclusion: More data concerning the safety of antiparkinsonian drugs in PD treatment, as well as the effect of pregnancy on parkinsonian symptoms are needed. According to the current state of the art, L-DOPA therapy should be considered preferable to other drugs during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Olivola
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Serena Xodo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrica Olivola
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Cecchini
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Lorenza Driul
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Giatti S, Diviccaro S, Serafini MM, Caruso D, Garcia-Segura LM, Viviani B, Melcangi RC. Sex differences in steroid levels and steroidogenesis in the nervous system: Physiopathological role. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 56:100804. [PMID: 31689419 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system, in addition to be a target for steroid hormones, is the source of a variety of neuroactive steroids, which are synthesized and metabolized by neurons and glial cells. Recent evidence indicates that the expression of neurosteroidogenic proteins and enzymes and the levels of neuroactive steroids are different in the nervous system of males and females. We here summarized the state of the art of neuroactive steroids, particularly taking in consideration sex differences occurring in the synthesis and levels of these molecules. In addition, we discuss the consequences of sex differences in neurosteroidogenesis for the function of the nervous system under healthy and pathological conditions and the implications of neuroactive steroids and neurosteroidogenesis for the development of sex-specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Melania Maria Serafini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Viviani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto C Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Jarras H, Bourque M, Poirier AA, Morissette M, Coulombe K, Di Paolo T, Soulet D. Neuroprotection and immunomodulation of progesterone in the gut of a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12782. [PMID: 31430407 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms appear in Parkinson's disease patients many years before motor symptoms, suggesting the implication of dopaminergic neurones of the gut myenteric plexus. Inflammation is also known to be increased in PD. We previously reported neuroprotection with progesterone in the brain of mice lesioned with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and hypothesised that it also has neuroprotective and immunomodulatory activities in the gut. To test this hypothesis, we investigated progesterone administered to adult male C57BL/6 mice for 10 days and treated with MPTP on day 5. In an additional experiment, progesterone was administered for 5 days following MPTP treatment. Ilea were collected on day 10 of treatment and microdissected to isolate the myenteric plexus. Dopaminergic neurones were reduced by approximately 60% and pro-inflammatory macrophages were increased by approximately 50% in MPTP mice compared to intact controls. These changes were completely prevented by progesterone administered before and after MPTP treatment and were normalised by 8 mg kg-1 progesterone administered after MPTP. In the brain of MPTP mice, brain-derived neurotrophic peptide (BDNF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were associated with progesterone neuroprotection. In the myenteric plexus, increased BDNF levels compared to controls were measured in MPTP mice treated with 8 mg kg-1 progesterone started post MPTP, whereas GFAP levels remained unchanged. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present study show neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of progesterone in the myenteric plexus of MPTP mice that are similar to our previous findings in the brain. Progesterone is non-feminising and could be used for both men and women in the pre-symptomatic stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Jarras
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Bourque
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Poirier
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Morissette
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Coulombe
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Newhouse A, Chemali Z. Neuroendocrine Disturbances in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Scoping Review. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2019; 61:105-115. [PMID: 31918850 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases cause progressive irreversible neuronal loss that has broad downstream effects. The neuroendocrine system regulates homeostasis of circuits that control critical functions such as the stress response, metabolism, reproduction, fluid balance, and glucose control. These systems are frequently disrupted in neurodegenerative disorders yet often overlooked in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE This review aims to gather the available data regarding these disturbances in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease and also to demonstrate the volume of literature in these individual arenas. METHODS Using the scoping review framework, a literature search was performed in PubMed to identify relevant articles published within the past 30 years (January 1988 to November 2018). The search criteria produced a total of 2022 articles, 328 of which were identified as relevant to this review. RESULTS Several major themes emerged from this review. These neuroendocrine disturbances may be a precursor to the illness, a part of the primary pathophysiology, or a direct consequence of the disease or independent of it. They have the potential to further understanding of the disease, exacerbate the underlying pathology, or provide therapeutic benefit. CONCLUSIONS By synthesizing the data from a systems' perspective, we aim to broaden how clinicians think about these illnesses and provide care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Newhouse
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Zeina Chemali
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Azcoitia I, Barreto GE, Garcia-Segura LM. Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. Analysis of sex differences. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100787. [PMID: 31513774 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors or by estrogen receptor independent mechanisms, are initiated at the membrane, the cytoplasm or the cell nucleus of neural cells. Estrogen-dependent signaling regulates a variety of cellular events, such as intracellular Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, autophagy and apoptosis. In turn, these molecular and cellular actions of estradiol are integrated by neurons and non-neuronal cells to generate different tissue protective responses, decreasing blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity and promoting synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, neurogenesis, remyelination and neuroregeneration. Recent findings indicate that the neuroprotective and neuroreparative actions of estradiol are different in males and females and further research is necessary to fully elucidate the causes for this sex difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Azcoitia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
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Wang Y, Xu Q, Luo J, Hu M, Zuo C. Effects of Age and Sex on Subcortical Volumes. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:259. [PMID: 31616285 PMCID: PMC6775221 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In an increasingly aging society, it is of great importance to consider trajectories of subcortical volumes at different ages for understanding biological markers of aging. Thus, we investigated sex, age, and their interactions on subcortical volumes, including the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, accumbens, and pallidum), thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. Methods We analyzed the adult lifespan trajectory of subcortical volumes and asymmetries in 563 healthy subjects aged from 19 to 86 using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from the publicly available 7IXI data set. Results The sex made strong contributions to the trajectories of subcortical volumes with aging, including the right putamen, right pallidum, bilateral thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. The volume of the right putamen, right pallidum, and right thalamus decreased more rapidly in males than in females, and the volume of the left thalamus, bilateral hippocampus, and amygdala in males followed a quadratic model, while those in females followed a linear decline model. The asymmetries in the caudate and hippocampus showed a linear decline, and a sex and age interaction was found in the hippocampus; that is, the asymmetry in the hippocampus decreased only in the males and not in the females. Changes in the accumbens and pallidum fit quadratic trajectories, in which females increased until 39.26 years old in the accumbens asymmetry and then began to rapidly decline, and males showed a linear decline. The asymmetry in the pallidum in males and females showed a slow decreasing period until almost 45 years of age and then increased. Conclusion The results suggest that compared with females, males have a faster decline in the volume of the right putamen, right pallidum, and right thalamus, while aging occurred later but also faster in the left thalamus, bilateral hippocampus, and amygdala. Interestingly, we found the inflection point in the thalamus, bilateral hippocampus, and amygdala volume in the quadratic model, and after this point, the volume change accelerated with aging, which may have resulted from the stronger work pressure in the middle-aged men and the low levels of testosterone in the older adults. The interaction of age and sex on individual subcortical structures provides evidence to support the impact of sex on psychopathologies associated with degenerative brain disorders in the elderly. The findings may be significant to investigate the occurrence and prevalence of degenerative brain disorders in males and females. Future studies can focus on the functional and behavioral relations with subcortical structures for preventive measures of related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Children's Impairment and Intervention, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyi Zuo
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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Sex differences in the progressive model of parkinsonism induced by reserpine in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 363:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rehman MU, Wali AF, Ahmad A, Shakeel S, Rasool S, Ali R, Rashid SM, Madkhali H, Ganaie MA, Khan R. Neuroprotective Strategies for Neurological Disorders by Natural Products: An update. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:247-267. [PMID: 30207234 PMCID: PMC6425075 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180911124605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has bestowed mankind with surplus resources (natural products) on land and water. Natural products have a significant role in the prevention of disease and boosting of health in humans and animals. These natural products have been experimentally documented to possess various biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. In vitro and in vivo studies have further established the usefulness of natural products in various preclinical models of neurodegenerative disorders. Natural products include phytoconstituents, like polyphenolic antioxidants, found in herbs, fruits, nuts, vegetables and also in marine and freshwater flora. These phytoconstituents may potentially suppress neurodegeneration and improve memory as well as cognitive functions of the brain. Also, they are known to play a pivotal role in the prevention and cure of different neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and other neuronal disorders. The large-scale neuro-pharmacological activities of natural products have been documented due to the result of either the inhibition of inflammatory processes, or the up-regulation of various cell survival proteins or a combination of both. Due to the scarcity of human studies on neuroprotective effects of natural products, this review focuses on the various established activities of natural products in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models, and their potential neuro-therapeutic applications using the available knowledge in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rehan Khan
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase X, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India; E-mail:
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Intracochlear administration of steroids with a catheter during human cochlear implantation: a safety and feasibility study. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1191-1199. [PMID: 29761349 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of foreign body reaction, improvement of electrode-nerve interaction, and preservation of residual hearing are essential research topics in cochlear implantation. Intracochlear pharmaco- or cell-based therapies can open new horizons in this field. Local drug delivery strategies are desirable as higher local concentrations of agents can be realized and side effects can be minimized compared to systemic administrations. When administered locally at accessible, basal parts of the cochlea, drugs reach apical regions later and in much lower concentrations due to poor diffusion patterns in cochlear fluids. Therefore, new devices are needed to warrant rapid distribution of agents into all parts of the cochlea. Five patients received a deep intracochlear injection of triamcinolone with a specifically designed cochlear catheter during cochlear implantation right before inserting a cochlear implant electrode. As a measure for formation of fibrous tissue around the electrode, electrical impedances were measured in the operation room and over 4 months thereafter. No adverse events were observed peri- and postoperatively. The handling of the device was easy. Severe damage to the microstructure of the cochlea was excluded as far as possible by cone beam computed tomography and vestibular testing. A delayed rise of the impedances was seen in the catheter group compared to controls over all regions of the cochlea. A statistical significance, however, was only obtained at the midregion of the cochlea. Consequently, the cochlear catheter is a safe and feasible device for local drug delivery of pharmaceutical agents into deeper regions of the cochlea.
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Single Intravenous High Dose Administration of Prednisolone Has No Influence on Postoperative Impedances in the Majority of Cochlear Implant Patients. Otol Neurotol 2018; 39:e1002-e1009. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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49
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Pinares-Garcia P, Stratikopoulos M, Zagato A, Loke H, Lee J. Sex: A Significant Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Brain Sci 2018; 8:E154. [PMID: 30104506 PMCID: PMC6120011 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8080154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Males and females sometimes significantly differ in their propensity to develop neurological disorders. Females suffer more from mood disorders such as depression and anxiety, whereas males are more susceptible to deficits in the dopamine system including Parkinson's disease (PD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. Despite this, biological sex is rarely considered when making treatment decisions in neurological disorders. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying sex differences in the healthy and diseased brain will help to devise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies optimal for each sex. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss the available evidence on sex differences in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders regarding prevalence, progression, symptoms and response to therapy. We also discuss the sex-related factors such as gonadal sex hormones and sex chromosome genes and how these might help to explain some of the clinically observed sex differences in these disorders. In particular, we highlight the emerging role of the Y-chromosome gene, SRY, in the male brain and its potential role as a male-specific risk factor for disorders such as PD, autism, and ADHD in many individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Pinares-Garcia
- Brain and Gender laboratory, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Marielle Stratikopoulos
- Brain and Gender laboratory, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Alice Zagato
- Brain and Gender laboratory, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| | - Hannah Loke
- Brain and Gender laboratory, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Brain and Gender laboratory, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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50
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Giatti S, Garcia-Segura LM, Barreto GE, Melcangi RC. Neuroactive steroids, neurosteroidogenesis and sex. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 176:1-17. [PMID: 29981391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is a target and a source of steroids. Neuroactive steroids are steroids that target neurons and glial cells. They include hormonal steroids originated in the peripheral glands, steroids locally synthesized by the neurons and glial cells (neurosteroids) and synthetic steroids, some of them used in clinical practice. Here we review the mechanisms of synthesis, metabolism and action of neuroactive steroids, including the role of epigenetic modifications and the mitochondria in their sex specific actions. We examine sex differences in neuroactive steroid levels under physiological conditions and their role in the establishment of sex dimorphic structures in the nervous system and sex differences in its function. In addition, particular attention is paid to neuroactive steroids under pathological conditions, analyzing how pathology alters their levels and their role as neuroprotective factors, considering the influence of sex in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Roberto C Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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