1
|
Karnatak G, Das BK, Puthiyottil M, Devi MS, Paria P, Rajesh M, Sarkar UK, Behera BK, Tiwari VK, Chadha NK, Kumari S. Influence of stocking density and environmental factors on the expression of insulin-like growth factors in cage-reared butter catfish (Ompok bimaculatus, Bloch 1794) within a large reservoir ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123181-123192. [PMID: 37979103 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, insulin-like growth like factors (IGFs) play an important role in growth and other physiological processes. The GH-IGF axis is considered a valuable tool to monitor fish growth performance. Herein, we report the molecular characterization of igf-1, igf-2, and β-actin transcripts and relative expression of igf-1 and igf-2 in the liver and muscle tissue of cage-reared butter catfish, Ompok bimaculatus, in response to different stocking densities (T1, 15 fingerlings m-3; T2, 25 fingerlings m-3; and T3, 35 fingerlings m-3) over 180 days of culture duration. The length of the partial amplified transcript sequence of Obigf-1, Obigf-2, and Obβ-actin was 325, 438, and 924 bp, respectively. Phylogenetically, Obigf-1 and Obigf-2 were closely clustered with catfishes, viz., Clarias magur, Bagarius yarrelli, and Silurus asotus. The expression of igf-1 was significantly downregulated in the liver at higher densities after 120 days as biomass in the cages increased, while igf-2 expression did not change with the stocking densities over the culture period. Cortisol concentration was significantly elevated in T3 groups post 150 days of the culture period and correlated negatively with the expression of igf-1 (p < 0.05) and igf-2 (p > 0.05). Environmental parameters, pH, TDS, hardness, conductivity, and alkalinity showed a significant positive correlation with hepatic IGF expression. Our study indicates that the liver-derived igf-1 plays a more important role in the regulation of growth in response to culture density in the species studied, and thus, igf-1 can be used effectively as a biomarker for growth. Furthermore, this study will help in planning a proper harvest schedule and optimize the culture practices of O. bimaculatus in an open water cage system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Karnatak
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India.
| | - Mishal Puthiyottil
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Prasenjit Paria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manchi Rajesh
- Fish Nutritional Physiology Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Sarkar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Bijay Kumar Behera
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Suman Kumari
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Canosa LF, Bertucci JI. The effect of environmental stressors on growth in fish and its endocrine control. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1109461. [PMID: 37065755 PMCID: PMC10098185 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1109461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish body growth is a trait of major importance for individual survival and reproduction. It has implications in population, ecology, and evolution. Somatic growth is controlled by the GH/IGF endocrine axis and is influenced by nutrition, feeding, and reproductive-regulating hormones as well as abiotic factors such as temperature, oxygen levels, and salinity. Global climate change and anthropogenic pollutants will modify environmental conditions affecting directly or indirectly fish growth performance. In the present review, we offer an overview of somatic growth and its interplay with the feeding regulatory axis and summarize the effects of global warming and the main anthropogenic pollutants on these endocrine axes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabián Canosa
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-EByNT-UNSAM, Chascomús, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Luis Fabián Canosa, ; Juan Ignacio Bertucci,
| | - Juan Ignacio Bertucci
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IEO-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
- *Correspondence: Luis Fabián Canosa, ; Juan Ignacio Bertucci,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fernandez R, Colás-Ruiz NR, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Lara-Martín PA, Mancera JM, Trombini C, Blasco J, Hampel M. The antibacterials ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim and sulfadiazine modulate gene expression, biomarkers and metabolites associated with stress and growth in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 250:106243. [PMID: 35872527 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The high consumption and subsequent input of antibacterial compounds in marine ecosystems has become a worldwide problem. Their continuous presence in these ecosystems allows a direct interaction with aquatic organisms and can cause negative effects over time. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to three antibacterial compounds of high consumption and presence in marine ecosystems (Ciprofloxacin CIP, Sulfadiazine SULF and Trimethoprim TRIM) on the physiology of the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata. Plasma parameters, enzymatic biomarkers of oxidative stress and damage and expression of genes related to stress and growth were assessed in exposed S. aurata specimens. For this purpose, sea bream specimens were exposed to individual compounds at concentrations of 5.2 ± 2.1 μg L-1 for CIP, 3.8 ± 2.7 μg L-1 for SULF and 25.7 ± 10.8 μg L-1 for TRIM during 21 days. Exposure to CIP up-regulated transcription of genes associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) (thyrotropin-releasing hormone, trh) and hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axes (corticotropin-releasing hormone-binding protein, crhbp) in the brain, as well as altering several hepatic stress biomarkers (catalase, CAT; glutathione reductase, GR; and lipid peroxidation, LPO). Similar alterations at the hepatic level were observed after exposure to TRIM. Overall, our study indicates that S. aurata is vulnerable to environmentally relevant concentrations of CIP and TRIM and that their exposure could lead to a stress situation, altering the activity of antioxidant defense mechanisms as well as the activity of HPT and HPI axes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronield Fernandez
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, University Simon Bolivar, Carrera 59 No. 59-65 Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Nieves R Colás-Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, University Institute for Marine Research (INMAR), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN), Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Puerto Real, 11519, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, University Institute for Marine Research (INMAR), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University Institute for Marine Research (INMAR), International Excellence Campus of the Sea (CEI-MAR), University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Chiara Trombini
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN), Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Puerto Real, 11519, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN), Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Puerto Real, 11519, Spain
| | - Miriam Hampel
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, University Institute for Marine Research (INMAR), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Falcón J, Herrero MJ, Nisembaum LG, Isorna E, Peyric E, Beauchaud M, Attia J, Covès D, Fuentès M, Delgado MJ, Besseau L. Pituitary Hormones mRNA Abundance in the Mediterranean Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax: Seasonal Rhythms, Effects of Melatonin and Water Salinity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:774975. [PMID: 34975529 PMCID: PMC8715012 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.774975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In fish, most hormonal productions of the pituitary gland display daily and/or seasonal rhythmic patterns under control by upstream regulators, including internal biological clocks. The pineal hormone melatonin, one main output of the clocks, acts at different levels of the neuroendocrine axis. Melatonin rhythmic production is synchronized mainly by photoperiod and temperature. Here we aimed at better understanding the role melatonin plays in regulating the pituitary hormonal productions in a species of scientific and economical interest, the euryhaline European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. We investigated the seasonal variations in mRNA abundance of pituitary hormones in two groups of fish raised one in sea water (SW fish), and one in brackish water (BW fish). The mRNA abundance of three melatonin receptors was also studied in the SW fish. Finally, we investigated the in vitro effects of melatonin or analogs on the mRNA abundance of pituitary hormones at two times of the year and after adaptation to different salinities. We found that (1) the reproductive hormones displayed similar mRNA seasonal profiles regardless of the fish origin, while (2) the other hormones exhibited different patterns in the SW vs. the BW fish. (3) The melatonin receptors mRNA abundance displayed seasonal variations in the SW fish. (4) Melatonin affected mRNA abundance of most of the pituitary hormones in vitro; (5) the responses to melatonin depended on its concentration, the month investigated and the salinity at which the fish were previously adapted. Our results suggest that the productions of the pituitary are a response to multiple factors from internal and external origin including melatonin. The variety of the responses described might reflect a high plasticity of the pituitary in a fish that faces multiple external conditions along its life characterized by marked daily and seasonal changes in photoperiod, temperature and salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Falcón
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS UMR 8067, SU, IRD 207, UCN, UA, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
- *Correspondence: Jack Falcón,
| | - Maria Jesus Herrero
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Laura Gabriela Nisembaum
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Isorna
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elodie Peyric
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Marilyn Beauchaud
- Equipe de Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle, ENES/CRNL, CNRS UMR 5292, UMR-S 1028, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Jean-Monnet (UJM), Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Joël Attia
- Equipe de Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle, ENES/CRNL, CNRS UMR 5292, UMR-S 1028, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Jean-Monnet (UJM), Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Denis Covès
- Station Ifremer de Palavas, Palavas-les-Flots, Nantes, France
| | - Michael Fuentès
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Maria Jesus Delgado
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurence Besseau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vargas-Chacoff L, Regish AM, Weinstock A, Björnsson BT, McCormick SD. Effects of long-term cortisol treatment on growth and osmoregulation of Atlantic salmon and brook trout. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 308:113769. [PMID: 33794274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol is the final product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and acts as a gluco- and mineralo-corticoid in fish. Long-term elevations of cortisol have been linked to reduced growth in fishes, but the mechanism(s) and relative sensitivities of species are still unclear. We carried out experiments to examine the relative effects of cortisol on growth and gill NKA activity in two salmonids: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Treatment with intraperitoneal cortisol implants for 30 days resulted in reduced growth in both species, but with greater sensitivity to cortisol in brook trout. Gill NKA activity was strongly upregulated by cortisol in Atlantic salmon, and weakly upregulated in brook trout but with no statistically significant effect. Cortisol treatment resulted in reduced plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor I and increased plasma growth hormone levels in Atlantic salmon. Our results demonstrate that there are species differences in the sensitivity of growth and osmoregulation to cortisol, even among species in the same family (Salmonidae).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología de Peces, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA; Fondap-IDEAL, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - A M Regish
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - A Weinstock
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - B Th Björnsson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S D McCormick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, USA; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barany A, Fuentes J, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM. Aflatoxicosis Dysregulates the Physiological Responses to Crowding Densities in the Marine Teleost Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030753. [PMID: 33803392 PMCID: PMC7999881 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies in fish have shown that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes a disparity of species-dependent physiological disorders without compromising survival. We studied the effect of dietary administration of AFB1 (2 mg AFB1 kg-1 diet) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles in combination with a challenge by stocking density (4 vs. 40 g L-1). The experimental period duration was ten days, and the diet with AFB1 was administered to the fish for 85 days prior to the stocking density challenge. Our results indicated an alteration in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolites mobilization in the AFB1 fed group, which was intensified at high stocking density (HSD). The CT group at HSD increased plasma cortisol levels, as expected, whereas the AFB1-HSD group did not. The star mRNA expression, an enzyme involved in cortisol synthesis in the head kidney, presented a ninefold increase in the AFB1 group at low stocking density (LSD) compared to the CT-LSD group. Adenohypophyseal gh mRNA expression increased in the AFB1-HSD but not in the CT-HSD group. Overall, these results confirmed that chronic AFB1 dietary exposure alters the adequate endocrinological physiological cascade response in S. aurata, compromising the expected stress response to an additional stressor, such as overcrowding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Barany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI MAR), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan Fuentes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI MAR), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Delgadin TH, Castañeda-Cortés DC, Sacks C, Breccia A, Fernandino JI, Vissio PG. Morphological colour adaptation during development in fish: involvement of growth hormone receptor 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/24/jeb230375. [PMID: 33376094 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.230375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Morphological background adaptation is both an endocrine and a nervous response, involving changes in the amount of chromatophores and pigment concentration. However, whether this adaptation takes place at early developmental stages is largely unknown. Somatolactin (Sl) is a pituitary hormone present in fish, which has been associated to skin pigmentation. Moreover, growth hormone receptor type 1 (Ghr1) has been suggested to be the Sl receptor and was associated with background adaptation in adults. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the ontogeny of morphological adaptation to background and the participation of ghr1 in this process. We found in larval stages of the cichlid Cichlasoma dimerus that the number of head melanophores and pituitary cells immunoreactive to Sl was increased in individuals reared with black backgrounds compared with that in fish grown in white tanks. In larval stages of the medaka Oryzias latipes, a similar response was observed, which was altered by ghr1 biallelic mutations using CRISPR/Cas9. Interestingly, melanophore and leucophore numbers were highly associated. Furthermore, we found that somatic growth was reduced in ghr1 biallelic mutant O. latipes, establishing the dual function of this growth hormone receptor. Taken together, these results show that morphological background adaptation is present at early stages during development and that is dependent upon ghr1 during this period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Horacio Delgadin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | | | - Clara Sacks
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Andrés Breccia
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Fernandino
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús B7130IWA, Argentina
| | - Paula Gabriela Vissio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina .,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
da Silva Pês T, Saccol EMH, Jerez-Cepa I, de Moraes Ourique G, Gilannejad N, Baldisserotto B, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM, Pavanato MA. Quercetin attenuates endocrine and metabolic responses to oxytetracycline in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 238:108864. [PMID: 32781297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify whether dietary quercetin protects against the detrimental effects induced by oxytetracycline (OTC) administration in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Fish were divided into different experimental groups that received OTC and/or quercetin, either during 14 or 21 days. To determine the endocrine system stress response, we have measured the brain mRNA expression levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), proopiomelanocortins (pomca and pomcb) and some of the pituitary hormones (growth hormone [gh], somatolactin [sl], and prolactin [prl]). We have also quantified the levels of cortisol as well as some metabolites (glucose, glycogen, lactate, and triglycerides) in the plasma. Moreover, the enzymatic activity of hexokinase, phosphorylase (active GPase), fructose-biphosphatase (FBP), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and gill Na+/K+-ATPase were measured. The results demonstrated that OTC activates the silver catfish stress response by increasing the plasma cortisol and decreasing the glucose levels at 14 and 21 days. Additionally, OTC also altered the fish hepatic metabolic status as demonstrated by an increase in triglycerides levels and the enzymatic activity of both FBP and GDH after 14 days. OTC also stimulated Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the gill after 14 days and altered the hypophyseal expression of gh (at 14 and 21 days) and prl (at 14 days). The co-treatment with 1.5 g of quercetin could prevent most of the alterations caused by OTC, strongly suggesting quercetin as a beneficial compound when added to the fish diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanise da Silva Pês
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Etiane Medianeira Hundertmarck Saccol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ismael Jerez-Cepa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Giovana de Moraes Ourique
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Neda Gilannejad
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Maria Amália Pavanato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ellison AR, Uren Webster TM, Rodriguez-Barreto D, de Leaniz CG, Consuegra S, Orozco-terWengel P, Cable J. Comparative transcriptomics reveal conserved impacts of rearing density on immune response of two important aquaculture species. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:192-201. [PMID: 32534231 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases represent an important barrier to sustainable aquaculture development. Rearing density can substantially impact fish productivity, health and welfare in aquaculture, including growth rates, behaviour and, crucially, immune activity. Given the current emphasis on aquaculture diversification, stress-related indicators broadly applicable across species are needed. Utilising an interspecific comparative transcriptomic (RNAseq) approach, we compared gill gene expression responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to rearing density and Saprolegnia parasitica infection. Salmon reared at high-density showed increased expression of stress-related markers (e.g. c-fos and hsp70), and downregulation of innate immune genes. Upon pathogen challenge, only salmon reared at low density exhibited increased expression of inflammatory interleukins and lymphocyte-related genes. Tilapia immunity, in contrast, was impaired at low-density. Using overlapping gene ontology enrichment and gene ortholog analyses, we found that density-related stress similarly impacted salmon and tilapia in key immune pathways, altering the expression of genes vital to inflammatory and Th17 responses to pathogen challenge. Given the challenges posed by ectoparasites and gill diseases in fish farms, this study underscores the importance of optimal rearing densities for immunocompetence, particularly for mucosal immunity. Our comparative transcriptomics analyses identified density stress impacted immune markers common across different fish taxa, providing key molecular targets with potential for monitoring and enhancing aquaculture resilience in a wide range of farmed species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Ellison
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Sofia Consuegra
- Biosciences Department, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | | | - Jo Cable
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Linking stocking densities and feeding strategies with social and individual stress responses on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Physiol Behav 2020; 213:112723. [PMID: 31669232 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intensive aquaculture and poor management practices can cause stress and compromise welfare of farmed fish. This study aimed to assess the potential links between stocking densities and feeding methods with social and individual stress responses on juvenile seabream (Sparus aurata) through risk-taking and hypoxia tests. Seabream was first experimentally reared under two different densities: high (HD: 11-65 kg m-3) and low (LD: 3-15 kg m-3). After 120 days under these conditions, increment in fish weight was not affected by different stocking densities. HD seemed to induce a stronger schooling behavior on seabream juveniles seeking for the group safety during the risk test; while LD increased the mean number of movements per fish recorded and the time of first response. Additionally, HD conditions delayed the time of first response of proactive fish during hypoxia tests. Glucose levels were higher in reactive fish compared to proactive ones, being highly significant in fish reared at HD. In parallel, juvenile seabream was also experimentally reared for 106 days under two different feeding strategies: hand-feeding (HF) and self-demanding feeding (DF), which influenced fish growth and foraging behavior at group and individual level. HF method induced a positive effect on fish weight compared to DF systems. Time of first response during both hypoxia and risk-taking tests was shorter in HF fish than DF fish, and the mean number of movements per fish during risk-taking behavior tests was lower for DF fish compared to HF fish. No differences were found in glucose and cortisol concentrations between behavioral traits (proactive/reactive) and feeding strategies. Triggering actions of seabream in DF systems were also assessed, which seemed to be highly dependent on particular individuals and not related to proactive individuals. DF systems however reinforce the social hierarchy within the fish group, which might lead to a higher competitiveness for resources among fishes, increasing the social hierarchy, and therefore, the stress. The findings of this study provide valuable information to the industry for the management of fish stress and welfare under production conditions at social and individual level.
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu B, Guo HY, Zhu KC, Guo L, Liu BS, Zhang N, Yang JW, Jiang SG, Zhang DC. Growth, physiological, and molecular responses of golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758) reared at different salinities. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1879-1893. [PMID: 31396801 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is a commercially important marine fish and is widely cultured in the coastal area of South China. Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors influencing the growth and survival of fish. The aims of this study are to investigate the growth, physiological, and molecular responses of juvenile golden pompano reared at different salinities. Juveniles reared at 15 and 25‰ salinity grew significantly faster than those reared at the other salinities. According to the final body weights, weight gain rate, and feed conversion ratio, the suitable culture salinity range was 15-25‰ salinity. The levels of branchial NKA activity showed a typical "U-shaped" pattern with the lowest level at 15‰ salinity, which suggested a lower energy expenditure on osmoregulation at this level of salinity. The results of this study showed that the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and cortisol of juveniles at 5‰ were higher than those of other salinity groups. Our results showed that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase significantly increased at 5‰ and 35‰ salinity. Our study showed that osmolality had significant differences in each salinity group. GH, GHR1, and GHR2 had a wide range of tissue expression including the liver, intestine, kidneys, muscle, gills and brain. The expression levels of GH, GHR1 and GHR2 in the intestine, kidneys, and muscle at 15‰ salinity were significantly higher than those in other three salinity groups. Based on the growth parameters and physiological and molecular responses, the results of the present study indicated that the optimal salinity for rearing golden pompano was 21.36‰ salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-Suo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seale AP, Pavlosky KK, Celino-Brady FT, Yamaguchi Y, Breves JP, Lerner DT. Systemic versus tissue-level prolactin signaling in a teleost during a tidal cycle. J Comp Physiol B 2019; 189:581-594. [PMID: 31485757 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Euryhaline Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) are native to estuaries where they encounter tidal fluctuations in environmental salinity. These fluctuations can be dramatic, subjecting individuals to salinities characteristic of fresh water (FW < 0.5‰) and seawater (SW 35‰) within a single tidal cycle. In the current study, we reared tilapia under a tidal regimen that simulated the dynamic conditions of their native habitat. Tilapia were sampled every 3 h over a 24 h period to temporally resolve how prolactin (PRL) signaling is modulated in parallel with genes encoding branchial effectors of osmoregulation. The following parameters were measured: plasma osmolality, plasma PRL177 and PRL188 concentrations, pituitary prl177 and prl188 gene expression, and branchial prl receptor (prlr1 and prlr2), Na+/Cl--cotransporter (ncc2), Na+/K+/2Cl--cotransporter (nkcc1a), Na+/K+-ATPase (nkaα1a and nkaα1b), cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (cftr), and aquaporin 3 (aqp3) gene expression. Throughout the 24 h sampling period, plasma osmolality reflected whether tilapia were sampled during the FW or SW phases of the tidal cycle, whereas pituitary prl gene expression and plasma PRL levels remained stable. Branchial patterns of ncc2, nkcc1a, nkaα1a, nkaα1b, cftr, and aqp3 gene expression indicated that fish exposed to tidally changing salinities regulate the expression of these gene transcripts in a similar fashion as fish held under static SW conditions. By contrast, branchial prlr1 and prlr2 levels were highly labile throughout the tidal cycle. We conclude that local (branchial) regulation of endocrine signaling underlies the capacity of euryhaline fishes, such as Mozambique tilapia, to thrive under dynamic salinity conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre P Seale
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA.
| | - K Keano Pavlosky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Fritzie T Celino-Brady
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Darren T Lerner
- University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Skrzynska AK, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Gozdowska M, Kulczykowska E, Mancera JM, Martos-Sitcha JA. Aroclor 1254 inhibits vasotocinergic pathways related to osmoregulatory and stress functions in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, Linnaeus 1758). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 212:98-109. [PMID: 31082703 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study assesses the response of vasotocinergic system in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) after administering two doses of the polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254 (15 or 50 μg g-1 fresh body mass). Seven days post-administration, eight fish of each experimental group were sampled, and the remaining animals were challenged with a hyperosmotic stress by being transferred from seawater (36 ppt) to high salinity water (55 ppt) and being sampled 3 days post-transfer. Aroclor 1254 affected gene expression of avt, together with Avt concentrations in pituitary and plasma, inhibiting the stimulation observed in vasotocinergic system after hyperosmotic challenge. This was noted by the accumulation of Avt at hypophyseal level as well as by its undetectable values in plasma. Hyperosmotic transfer significantly changed branchial avtrv1a, avtrv2, atp1a and cftr mRNA expression levels in control fish, while in Aroclor 1254-treated fish they remained mostly unchanged. This desensitization also occurred for avtrs in hypothalamus, caudal kidney and liver. In addition, an enhancement in plasma cortisol concentration, together with the orchestration of several players of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Interrenal axis (crh, crhbp, trh, star), was also observed mostly at the highest dose used (50 μg g-1 body mass), affecting plasma and hepatic metabolites. Our results demonstrated that Aroclor 1254 compromises the hypoosmoregulatory function of vasotocinergic system in S. aurata, also inducing a concomitant stress response. In summary, this study demonstrates that Aroclor 1254 can be considered an important endocrine disruptor in relation with the correct arrangement of vasotocinergic, metabolic and stress pathways after their stimulation by transfer to hyperosmotic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arleta Krystyna Skrzynska
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cádiz, E-11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia, Spanish National Research Council (ICMAN-CSIC), E-11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gozdowska
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
| | - Ewa Kulczykowska
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cádiz, E-11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cádiz, E-11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reyes-López FE, Aerts J, Vallejos-Vidal E, Ampe B, Dierckens K, Tort L, Bossier P. Modulation of Innate Immune-Related Genes and Glucocorticoid Synthesis in Gnotobiotic Full-Sibling European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Larvae Challenged With Vibrio anguillarum. Front Immunol 2018; 9:914. [PMID: 29867929 PMCID: PMC5953322 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several efforts have been made to describe the immunoendocrine interaction in fish, there are no studies to date focusing on the characterization of the immune response and glucocorticoid synthesis using the host-pathogen interaction on larval stage as an early developmental stage model of study. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the glucocorticoid synthesis and the modulation of stress- and innate immune-related genes in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae challenged with Vibrio anguillarum. For this purpose, we challenged by bath full-sibling gnotobiotic sea bass larvae with 107 CFU mL-1 of V. anguillarum strain HI 610 on day 5 post-hatching (dph). The mortality was monitored up to the end of the experiment [120 hours post-challenge (hpc)]. While no variations were registered in non-challenged larvae maintained under gnotobiotic conditions (93.20% survival at 120 hpc), in the challenged group a constant and sustained mortality was observed from 36 hpc onward, dropping to 18.31% survival at 120 hpc. Glucocorticoid quantification and expression analysis of stress- and innate immunity-related genes were carried out in single larvae. The increase of cortisol, cortisone and 20β-dihydrocortisone was observed at 120 hpc, although did not influence upon the modulation of stress-related genes (glucocorticoid receptor 1 [gr1], gr2, and heat shock protein 70 [hsp70]). On the other hand, the expression of lysozyme, transferrin, and il-10 differentially increased at 120 hpc together with a marked upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (il-1β and il-8) and hepcidin, suggesting a late activation of defense mechanisms against V. anguillarum. Importantly, this response coincided with the lowest survival observed in challenged groups. Therefore, the increase in markers associated with glucocorticoid synthesis together with the upregulation of genes associated with the anti-inflammatory response suggests that in larvae infected with V. anguillarum a pro-inflammatory response at systemic level takes place, which then leads to the participation of other physiological mechanisms at systemic level to counteract the effect and the consequences of such response. However, this late systemic response could be related to the previous high mortality observed in sea bass larvae challenged with V. anguillarum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe E Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Johan Aerts
- Stress Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ostend, Belgium.,Stress Physiology Research Group, Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bart Ampe
- Biostatistics and Data Modeling, Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Melle, Belgium
| | - Kristof Dierckens
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ruiz-Jarabo I, Martos-Sitcha JA, Barragán-Méndez C, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM, Arjona FJ. Gene expression of thyrotropin- and corticotrophin-releasing hormones is regulated by environmental salinity in the euryhaline teleost Sparus aurata. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:615-628. [PMID: 29275437 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In euryhaline teleosts, the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axes (HPT and HPI, respectively) are regulated in response to environmental stimuli such as salinity changes. However, the molecular players participating in this physiological process in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), a species of high value for aquaculture, are still not identified and/or fully characterized in terms of gene expression regulation. In this sense, this study identifies and isolates the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) mRNA sequence from S. aurata, encoding prepro-Trh, the putative factor initiating the HPT cascade. In addition, the regulation of trh expression and of key brain genes in the HPI axis, i.e., corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone-binding protein (crhbp), was studied when the osmoregulatory status of S. aurata was challenged by exposure to different salinities. The deduced amino acid structure of trh showed 65-81% identity with its teleostean orthologs. Analysis of the tissue distribution of gene expression showed that trh mRNA is, though ubiquitously expressed, mainly found in brain. Subsequently, regulation of gene expression of trh, crh, and crhbp was characterized in fish acclimated to 5-, 15-, 40-, and 55-ppt salinities. In this regard, the brain gene expression pattern of trh mRNA was similar to that found for the crh gene, showing an upregulation of gene expression in seabream acclimated to the highest salinity tested. Conversely, crhbp did not change in any of the groups tested. Our results suggest that Trh and Crh play an important role in the acclimation of S. aurata to hypersaline environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - J A Martos-Sitcha
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Av. República Saharaui, 2, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - C Barragán-Méndez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Av. República Saharaui, 2, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - G Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Av. República Saharaui, 2, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J M Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - F J Arjona
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Myrcia sylvatica essential oil mitigates molecular, biochemical and physiological alterations in Rhamdia quelen under different stress events associated to transport. Res Vet Sci 2018; 117:150-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
17
|
Pérez-Sánchez J, Simó-Mirabet P, Naya-Català F, Martos-Sitcha JA, Perera E, Bermejo-Nogales A, Benedito-Palos L, Calduch-Giner JA. Somatotropic Axis Regulation Unravels the Differential Effects of Nutritional and Environmental Factors in Growth Performance of Marine Farmed Fishes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:687. [PMID: 30538673 PMCID: PMC6277588 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gh/Prl/Sl family has evolved differentially through evolution, resulting in varying relationships between the somatotropic axis and growth rates within and across fish species. This is due to a wide range of endogenous and exogenous factors that make this association variable throughout season and life cycle, and the present minireview aims to better define the nutritional and environmental regulation of the endocrine growth cascade over precisely defined groups of fishes, focusing on Mediterranean farmed fishes. As a result, circulating Gh and Igf-i are revitalized as reliable growth markers, with a close association with growth rates of gilthead sea bream juveniles with deficiency signs in both macro- or micro-nutrients. This, together with other regulated responses, promotes the use of Gh and Igf-i as key performance indicators of growth, aerobic scope, and nutritional condition in gilthead sea bream. Moreover, the sirtuin-energy sensors might modulate the growth-promoting action of somatotropic axis. In this scenario, transcripts of igf-i and gh receptors mirror changes in plasma Gh and Igf-i levels, with the ghr-i/ghr-ii expression ratio mostly unaltered over season. However, this ratio is nutritionally regulated, and enriched plant-based diets or diets with specific nutrient deficiencies downregulate hepatic ghr-i, decreasing the ghr-i/ghr-ii ratio. The same trend, due to a ghr-ii increase, is found in skeletal muscle, whereas impaired growth during overwintering is related to increase in the ghr-i/ghr-ii and igf-ii/igf-i ratios in liver and skeletal muscle, respectively. Overall, expression of insulin receptors and igf receptors is less regulated, though the expression quotient is especially high in the liver and muscle of sea bream. Nutritional and environmental regulation of the full Igf binding protein 1-6 repertoire remains to be understood. However, tissue-specific expression profiling highlights an enhanced and nutritionally regulated expression of the igfbp-1/-2/-4 clade in liver, whereas the igfbp-3/-5/-6 clade is overexpressed and regulated in skeletal muscle. The somatotropic axis is, therefore, highly informative of a wide-range of growth-disturbing and stressful stimuli, and multivariate analysis supports its use as a reliable toolset for the assessment of growth potentiality and nutrient deficiencies and requirements, especially in combination with selected panels of other nutritionally regulated metabolic biomarkers.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mohammed-Geba K, González AA, Suárez RA, Galal-Khallaf A, Martos-Sitcha JA, Ibrahim HM, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM. Molecular performance of Prl and Gh/Igf1 axis in the Mediterranean meager, Argyrosomus regius, acclimated to different rearing salinities. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:203-216. [PMID: 27573345 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture industry in the Mediterranean region exhibits a growing interest for the Mediterranean meager Argyrosomus regius. Some preliminary works showed a good growth performance of the species in nearly isosmotic salinities. However, the patterns of alteration of prolactin (Prl) as well as growth hormone (Gh)/insulin growth factor-1 (Igf1) axis at the molecular level are not yet described in this species. Therefore, we cloned and sequenced partial cDNAs for pituitary prolactin (prl) and growth hormone (gh), hepatic insulin-like growth factor (igf1), and β-actin (actb). Expression patterns of these transcripts were tested in juveniles of A. regius acclimated to four different environmental salinities: (1) 5 ‰ (hyposmotic); (2) 12 ‰ (isosmotic); (3) 38 ‰ (hyperosmotic; seawater control); and (4) 55 ‰ (extremely hyperosmotic). All investigated transcripts shared high sequence identities with their counterparts in other perciformes. prl mRNA levels showed inverse pattern with increasing salinities. gh mRNA enhanced significantly in both 12 and 55 ‰ salinity groups in comparison with the control group, while igf1 showed its maximum expression levels under the nearly isosmotic environment. The results indicated clear sensitivity of prl, gh and igf1 to changes in environmental salinity, which can possibly control the euryhalinity capacity of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mohammed-Geba
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cadiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Antonio Astola González
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology, and Public Health, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cadiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rubén Ayala Suárez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology, and Public Health, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cadiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Asmaa Galal-Khallaf
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cadiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Hany Mohammed Ibrahim
- Immunology and Parasitology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cadiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mohammed-Geba K, Yúfera M, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM. Molecular endocrine changes of Gh/Igf1 axis in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) exposed to different environmental salinities during larvae to post-larvae stages. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:1177-1186. [PMID: 26947706 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of acclimation of the euryhaline gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae/post-larvae to brackish water on growth, energetic contents, and mRNA levels of selected hormones and growth-regulating hypothalamic neurohormones was assessed. Specimens from 49 days post-hatching were acclimated during 28 days to two different environmental salinities: 38 and 20 psu (as brackish water). Both groups were then transferred to 38 psu and acclimated for an additional week. Early juveniles were sampled after 28 days of acclimation to both salinities and one week after transfer to 38 psu. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (adcyap1; pacap), somatostatin-I (sst1), growth hormone (gh1), insulin-like growth factor-I (igf1), and prolactin (prl) mRNA expression were all studied by QPCR. Post-larvae acclimated to 20 psu showed better growth performance and body energetic content than post-larvae maintained at 38 psu. prl, adcyap1, and igf1 mRNA expression levels increased in 20-psu-acclimated post-larvae but decreased upon transfer to 38 psu. GH1 expression did not show significant changes under both experimental conditions. Our results suggested an enhanced general performance for post-larvae in brackish water, supported by the actions of adcyap1, igf1, and prl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mohammed-Geba
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Manuel Yúfera
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pês TS, Saccol EMH, Ourique GM, Londero ÉP, Gressler LT, Finamor IA, Rotili DA, Golombieski JI, Glanzner WG, Llesuy SF, Gonçalves PBD, Radünz Neto J, Baldisserotto B, Pavanato MA. Effect of diets enriched with rutin on blood parameters, oxidative biomarkers and pituitary hormone expression in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:321-333. [PMID: 26468115 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of adding rutin to the diet (0, 0.15 or 0.30%) of silver catfish for 21 days on blood parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers and pituitary hormones expression were investigated. Fish that received the diet containing 0.15% rutin exhibited reduced plasma cortisol levels. The levels of lipid peroxidation were lowered in the all tissues of animals receiving the diet containing rutin. Rutin increased the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), nonprotein thiols (NPSH), ascorbic acid content (AA) and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) in the brain; glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and TRAP in the gills; SOD, CAT and GST activity, NPSH, AA levels and TRAP in the liver; CAT and GST activity and TRAP levels in the kidneys; and glutathione peroxidase activity, NPSH, AA levels and TRAP in the muscle. There were no changes regarding the expression of growth hormone, prolactin and somatolactin in fish fed with the diet containing rutin when compared with the control. The supplementation of rutin to the diet of fish is beneficial because it increases the antioxidant responses of tissues.
Collapse
|
21
|
Shahjahan M, Doi H, Ando H. LPXRFamide peptide stimulates growth hormone and prolactin gene expression during the spawning period in the grass puffer, a semi-lunar synchronized spawner. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 227:77-83. [PMID: 26385315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) plays as a multifunctional neurohormone that controls reproduction in birds and mammals. LPXRFamide (LPXRFa) peptide, the fish ortholog of GnIH, has been shown to regulate the secretion of not only gonadotropin (GTH) but also growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), which are potentially important for gonadal function. To investigate the role of LPXRFa peptide on reproduction of the grass puffer, which spawns in semilunar cycles, we examined changes in the levels of gh and prl expression over the several months during the reproductive cycle, and the effects of goldfish LPXRFa peptide-1 (gfLPXRFa-1) on their expression were examined using primary pituitary cultures. The expression levels of both gh and prl showed significant changes during the reproductive cycle in both sexes with one peak in the spawning and pre-spawning periods for gh and prl, respectively. Particularly, gh showed substantial increase in expression in the spawning and post-spawning periods, indicative of its essentiality in the advanced stage of reproduction. gfLPXRFa-1 stimulated the expression of both gh and prl but there was a marked difference in response between them: gfLPXRFa-1 stimulated gh expression at a relatively low dose but little effect was observed on prl. Combined with the previous results of daily and circadian oscillations of lpxrfa expression, the present results suggest that LPXRFa peptide is important in the control of the cyclic reproduction by serving as a multifunctional hypophysiotropic factor that regulates the expression of gh and prl as well as GTH subunit genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahjahan
- Sado Marine Biological Station, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Doi
- Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum "Kaikyokan", Shimonoseki Academy of Marine Science, Yamaguchi 750-0036, Japan
| | - Hironori Ando
- Sado Marine Biological Station, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mohammed-Geba K, Martos-Sitcha JA, Galal-Khallaf A, Mancera JM, Martínez-Rodríguez G. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) regulates prolactin, growth hormone, and IGF-1 receptor expression in the pituitary gland of the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:365-377. [PMID: 26486515 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on regulation of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) as well as the possible involvement of IGF-1 receptor subtype a (IGF-1Ra) mRNA was assessed in juvenile specimens of Sparus aurata. IGF-1Ra was successfully cloned, and active receptor domains were localized in its mRNA precursor. Also, phylogenetic analysis of the protein sequence indicated a closer proximity to IGF-1Ra isoform found in zebrafish and other teleosts, than to the isoform IGF-1Rb. The most abundant presence of IGF-1Ra mRNA was detected in white muscle, whereas head kidney showed the lowest gene expression among 24 different studied tissues. Pituitaries of juvenile specimens of S. aurata were incubated in vitro with different doses of IGF-1 (0, 1, 100, and 1000 ng mL(-1)) during a period of 10 h. Total RNA with a high quality could be obtained from these pituitaries. PRL mRNA expression significantly increased with increasing IGF-1 doses. Similarly, IGF-1Ra mRNA increased its expression in response to IGF-1. However, GH mRNA levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner after IGF-1 treatment. The contradictory responses of GH and PRL expressions to IGF-1 in our experiment are possibly mediated by IGF-1Ra presence on the somatotrophs and prolactotrophs. The increase in IGF-1Ra mRNA levels may be related to the proper activation of the PI3-K/Akt signal transduction pathways which are normally involved in GH and PRL regulation.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Souza CDF, Salbego J, Gressler LT, Golombieski JI, Ferst JG, Cunha MA, Heinzmann BM, Caron BO, Glanzner WG, Gonçalves PBD, Baldisserotto B. Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), submitted to a stressful condition: effect of dietary addition of the essential oil of Lippia alba on metabolism, osmoregulation and endocrinology. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20140153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the essential oil of Lippia alba (EOLA) as a feed additive on ionoregulatory and metabolic parameters and pituitary hormones expression in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen , submitted to a stressful condition (stocking density of 10.6 kg m-3 and limited space). Fish were fed with different concentrations of EOLA (0.0 - control, 0.25 and 0.50 mL kg food-1) for 20 days. Metabolic parameters were not affected by the diet, with the exception of alanine aminotransferase, which was higher in the liver of fish fed 0.50 mL EOLA kg food-1. Plasma ions and activity of H+-ATPase did not change, but fish fed 0.25 mL EOLA kg food-1 presented higher Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Somatolactin expression in the pituitary was higher in the fish fed 0.25 mL EOLA kg food -1, but the expression of growth hormone and prolactin did not change. Therefore, dietary EOLA does not exert a protective effect in R. quelen submitted to a stressful situation because it did not alter most measured parameters. The use of 0.25 mL EOLA kg food-1 seems to be more suitable than 0.50 mL EOLA kg food-1 since the latter may be related to liver damage.
Collapse
|
25
|
Toni C, Martos-Sitcha JA, Baldisserotto B, Heinzmann BM, de Lima Silva L, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM. Sedative effect of 2-phenoxyethanol and essential oil of Lippia alba on stress response in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Res Vet Sci 2015; 103:20-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
26
|
Toni C, Martos-Sitcha JA, Ruiz-Jarabo I, Mancera JM, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Pinheiro CG, Heinzmann BM, Baldisserotto B. Stress response in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) exposed to the essential oil of Hesperozygis ringens. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:129-138. [PMID: 25403153 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of prolonged exposure of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) to the essential oil (EO) of Hesperozygis ringens. Ventilatory rate (VR), stress and metabolic indicators, energy enzyme activities, and mRNA expression of adenohypophyseal hormones were examined in specimens that were exposed for 6 h to 0 (control), 30 or 50 µL L(-1) EO of H. ringens in water. Reduction in VR was observed in response to each treatment, but no differences were found between treatments. Plasma glucose, protein, and osmolality increased in fish exposed to 50 µL L(-1). Moreover, lactate levels increased after exposure to both EO concentrations. Plasma cortisol levels were not changed by EO exposure. Fish exposed to 30 µL L(-1) EO exhibited higher glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) activity, while exposure to 50 µL L(-1) EO elicited an increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), fructose-biphosphatase (FBP), and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HOAD) activities compared with the control group. Expression of growth hormone (GH) only decreased in fish exposed to 50 µL L(-1) EO, while somatolactin (SL) expression decreased in fish exposed to both concentrations of EO. Exposure to EO did not change prolactin expression. The results indicate that GH and SL are associated with energy reorganization in silver catfish. Fish were only slightly affected by 30 µL L(-1) EO of H. ringens, suggesting that it could be used in practices where a reduction in the movement of fish for prolonged periods is beneficial, i.e., such as during fish transportation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cândida Toni
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Acclimation to different environmental salinities induces molecular endocrine changes in the GH/IGF-I axis of juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). J Comp Physiol B 2014; 185:87-101. [PMID: 25395251 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To assess the role of the GH/IGF-I axis in osmotic acclimation of the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata, juvenile specimens were acclimated to four environmental salinities: hyposmotic (5 ‰), isosmotic (12 ‰) and hyperosmotic (40 and 55 ‰). The full-length cDNAs for both pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and prepro-somatostatin-I (PSS-I), the precursor for mature somatostatin-I (SS-I), were cloned. Hypothalamic PACAP and PSS-I, hypophyseal growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), and hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) mRNA expression levels were analyzed in the four rearing salinities tested. PACAP and IGF-I mRNA values increased significantly in response to both 5 and 55 ‰ salinities, showing a U-shaped curve relationship with the basal level in the 40 ‰ group. Hypothalamic PSS-I expression increased strongly in the 55 ‰ environment. GH mRNA levels did not change in any of the tested environmental salinities. PRL mRNA maximum levels were encountered in the 5 and 12 ‰ environments, but significantly down-regulated in the 40 ‰. Plasma cortisol levels significantly increased in the 40 ‰ environment. These results are discussed in relation to the well-known high adaptability of Sparus aurata to different environmental salinities and the role of the GH/IGF-I axis in this process.
Collapse
|
28
|
Baldisserotto B, Martos-Sitcha JA, Menezes CC, Toni C, Prati RL, Garcia LDO, Salbego J, Mancera JM, Martínez-Rodríguez G. The effects of ammonia and water hardness on the hormonal, osmoregulatory and metabolic responses of the freshwater silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 152:341-352. [PMID: 24813267 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of ammonia and water hardness on endocrine, osmoregulatory and metabolic parameters in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). The specimens (60-120g) were subjected to six treatments in triplicate, combining three levels of un-ionized ammonia (NH3) (0.020±0.008mg/L [1.17±0.47μM], 0.180±0.020mg/L [10.57±1.17μM] and 0.500±0.007mg/L [29.36±0.41μM]) and two levels of water hardness (normal: 25mgCaCO3/L and high: 120mgCaCO3/L), and sampled after two exposure times (1 and 5 days post-transfer). Plasma cortisol, metabolites, osmolality and ionic values were determined concomitantly with the mRNA expression levels of different adenohypophyseal hormones (growth hormone, GH; prolactin, PRL; and somatolactin, SL). Previously, full-length PRL and SL as well as β-actin cDNAs from R. quelen were cloned. Exposure to high NH3 levels enhanced plasma cortisol levels in fish held under normal water hardness conditions but not in those kept at the high hardness value. The increase in water hardness did not alter plasma metabolites, whereas it modulated the osmolality and ion changes induced by high NH3 levels. However, this hardness increase did not lead to the decreased GH expression that was observed 5 days after exposure to 0.18mg/L NH3 in fish held at the normal water hardness level, whereas PRL expression was enhanced after one day of exposure under the increased hardness conditions. Additionally, SL expression decreased in specimens exposed for 5 days to 0.18mg/L NH3 and maintained at the high water hardness level. The results showed that increasing water hardness attenuated the hormonal parameters evaluated in R. quelen specimens exposed to high NH3 levels, although plasma metabolism do not appear to suffer major changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Departamento de Biología Marina y Acuicultura, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Charlene C Menezes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cândida Toni
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L Prati
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Estação Marinha de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano de O Garcia
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Estação Marinha de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Joseânia Salbego
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Marina y Acuicultura, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Márquez L, Fuentes J. In vitro characterization of acid secretion in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) stomach. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 167:52-8. [PMID: 24126049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The gastric acid secretion of juvenile Sparus aurata was characterized in Ussing chambers; secretion rates were determined by a pH-stat method at pH5.50 and bioelectrical parameters were measured in current-clamped tissues. The basal secretion equaled to 535±87nmol·cm(-2)·h(-1). Serosal carbachol 100μM produced an increase (ΔJH(+)) of 725±133nmol·cm(-2)·h(-1) from basal secretion, this effect being inhibited by mucosal omeprazole 100μM. Basal secretion was also sensitive to the combination of serosal forskolin (FK) 10μM+serosal isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) 100μM (ΔJH(+)=793±239nmol·cm(-2)·h(-1)); this effect was insensitive to mucosal omeprazole 100mM but inhibited by mucosal bafilomycin A1 100nM. The effect of carbachol proceeded within a few minutes (<10min), whereas the effect of FK+IBMX was gradual, taking 40min to reach the maximum. The addition of mucosal gadolinium (Gd(3+)) 100μM, a potent calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) agonist, stimulated the basal secretion (ΔJH(+)=340±81nmol·cm(-2)·h(-1)). The present results indicate that the acid secretion mechanism in the sea bream stomach is regulated by muscarinic and CaR-like receptors, cAMP is implicated in the signal transduction, and at least two proton pumps, a HK-ATPase and a V-ATPase contribute to acid secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Márquez
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria/Escuela de Acuicultura, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avda. Rudecindo Ortega 02950, PO Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Martos-Sitcha JA, Wunderink YS, Gozdowska M, Kulczykowska E, Mancera JM, Martínez-Rodríguez G. Vasotocinergic and isotocinergic systems in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): an osmoregulatory story. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 166:571-81. [PMID: 24021911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the physiological roles of arginine vasotocin (AVT) and isotocin (IT) in osmoregulatory process in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), a time course study (0, 12h, and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days) has been performed in specimens submitted to hypoosmotic (from 40‰ salinity to 5‰ salinity) or hyperosmotic (from 40‰ salinity to 55‰ salinity) challenges. Plasma and liver osmoregulatory and metabolic parameters, as well as AVT and IT pituitary contents were determined concomitantly with hypothalamic pro-vasotocin (pro-VT) and pro-isotocin (pro-IT) mRNA expression levels. Previously, sequences coding for pro-VT and pro-IT cDNAs were cloned. Two osmoregulatory periods related to plasma osmolality and metabolic parameter variations could be distinguished: i) an adaptative period, from 12h to 3 days after transfer, and ii) a chronic regulatory period, starting at day 3 after transfer. Higher values in hypothalamic pro-VT and pro-IT mRNA expression as well as in pituitary AVT and IT storage levels in both hypo- and/or hyper-osmotic transfers have been distinguished. These increase correlated with changes in plasma cortisol levels, suggesting an interaction between this hormone and pro-VT expression. Furthermore, pro-IT expression enhancement also suggests a role of the isotocinergic system as a modulator in the acute stress response induced by hyper-osmotic challenge in S. aurata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Martos-Sitcha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Noh GE, Lim HK, Kim JM. Characterization of genes encoding prolactin and prolactin receptors in starry flounder Platichthys stellatus and their expression upon acclimation to freshwater. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:263-275. [PMID: 22843312 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the genes encoding prolactin (PRL) and prolactin receptors (PRLR) and their tissue-specific expression in starry flounder Platichthys stellatus. Starry flounder PRL gene consisting of five exons encodes an ORF of 212 amino acid residue comprised of a putative signal peptide of 24 amino acids and a mature protein of 188 amino acids. It showed amino acid identities of 73 % with tuna Thunnus thynnus, 71 % with black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegelii, 69 % with Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, 64 % with pufferfish Takifugu rubripes, 63 % with rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and 60 % with mangrove rivulus Kryptolebias marmoratus. Phylogenetic analysis of piscine PRLs also demonstrated a similarity between starry flounder and other teleosts but with a broad distinction from non-teleost PRLs. PRLR gene consists of eight exons encoding a protein of 528 amino acid residues. It showed a similarity to the PRLR2 subtype as reflected by amino acid identities of 54 % with A. schlegelii, 48.1 % with K. marmoratus, 46.3 % with tilapia O. mossambicus, and 46.1 % with O. niloticus PRLR2 as compared to PRLR1 isoform having less than 30 % identities. While mRNA transcript corresponding to PRL was detected only from the pituitary, most of PRLR mRNA was detected in the gill, kidney, and intestine, with a small amount in the ovary. The level of PRL transcript progressively increased during 6 days of acclimation to freshwater and then decreased but stayed higher than that of seawater at 60 days of acclimation. An opposite pattern of changes including a decrease at the beginning of the acclimation but a slight increase in the level osmolality was found as adaptation continued. The results support the osmoregulatory role of PRL signaling in starry flounder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Eon Noh
- Department of Fishery Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Noh GE, Rho S, Chang YJ, Min BH, Kim JM. Gene encoding prolactin in cinnamon clownfish Amphiprion melanopus and its expression upon acclimation to low salinities. AQUATIC BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:1. [PMID: 23276106 PMCID: PMC3562158 DOI: 10.1186/2046-9063-9-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolactin (PRL) is a key hormone for osmoregulation in fish. Levels of PRL in the pituitary gland and plasma ion composition of clownfish seem to change to regulate their hydromineral balance during adaptation to waters of different salinities. In order to understand osmoregulatory mechanism and its association with growth performance and PRL in fish, the gene encoding PRL and its expression level in cinnamon clownfish Amphiprion melanopus upon acclimation to low salinity was analyzed. RESULTS The PRL gene of A. melanopus encoded a protein of 212 amino acid residues comprised of a putative signal peptide of 24 amino acids and a mature protein of 188 amino acids. Analysis of growth performance under different salinities of 34, 25, 15, and 10 ppt indicated that cinnamon clownfish could survive under salinities as low as 10 ppt. A higher rate of growth was observed at the lower salinities as compared to that of 34 ppt. Upon shifting the salinity of the surrounding water from 34 ppt to 15 ppt, the level of the PRL transcripts gradually increased to reach the peak level until 24 h of acclimation at 15 ppt, but decreased back as adaptation continued to 144 h. In contrast, levels of plasma Na+, Cl-, and osmolality decreased at the initial stage (4-8 h) of acclimation at 15 pt but increased back as adaptation continued till 144 h. CONCLUSION Cinnamon clownfish could survive under salinities as low as 10 ppt. Upon shifting the salinity of the surrounding water from 34 ppt to 15 ppt, the level of the PRL transcripts gradually increased during the initial stage of acclimation but decreased back to the normal level as adaptation continued. An opposite pattern of changes - decrease at the beginning followed by an increase - in the levels of plasma Na+, Cl-, and osmolality was found upon acclimation to low salinity. The results suggest an involvement of PRL in the processes of osmoregulation and homeostasis in A. melanopus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Eon Noh
- Department of Fishery Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea
| | - Sum Rho
- COREA, Center of Ornamental Reefs and Aquariums, Jeju 690-974, South Korea
| | - Yong Jin Chang
- Department of Fishery Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Min
- Aquaculture Industry Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Gangneung 210-861, South Korea
| | - Jong-Myoung Kim
- Department of Fishery Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sasano Y, Yoshimura A, Fukamachi S. Reassessment of the function of somatolactin alpha in lipid metabolism using medaka mutant and transgenic strains. BMC Genet 2012; 13:64. [PMID: 22827540 PMCID: PMC3467165 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Somatolactin alpha (SLa) is a fish-specific peptide hormone secreted from the pituitary. In medaka, SLa functions to darken the skin color and lack of SLa makes it pale. Transcription of SLa is enhanced or suppressed when fish are kept in dark or bright conditions, respectively, indicating SLa’s important role in background acclimation of the skin color. Bizarrely, however, the lack of SLa seems to cause the additional defect of increased triglycerides in organs, which could not be rescued (decreased) by its overexpression. Results To assess this enigmatic result, we investigated genetic (the SLa, Slc45a2, r, and Y genes) and nongenetic (age, fasting, water temperature, and background color) effects on hepatic triglycerides. These experiments found that percent hepatic triglycerides quickly change in response to external/internal environments. Effects of SLa seemed to be much less obvious, although it may increase the proportion of hepatic triglycerides at least during certain breeding conditions or under certain genetic backgrounds. Conclusions The present results do not exclude the possibility that SLa takes part in lipid metabolism or other physiological processes. However, we suggest that skin-color regulation is the only definite role of SLa so far demonstrated in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Sasano
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kroupova H, Trubiroha A, Wuertz S, Frank SN, Sures B, Kloas W. Nutritional status and gene expression along the somatotropic axis in roach (Rutilus rutilus) infected with the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 177:270-7. [PMID: 22542897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The tapeworm Ligula intestinalis inhibits gametogenesis of its fish host, the roach (Rutilus rutilus). We investigated whether L. intestinalis infection makes significant demands on nutritional resources and consequently manipulates the endocrine somatotropic axis of roach. Two groups of naturally infected and uninfected roach were studied: a field group (natural feeding) and a laboratory group (ad libitum food supply). In females, no significant impact of parasitization on storage substrates (glycogen, lipids, and protein) was detected, whereas in males, either lipid content of the liver (field group) or lipid of the muscle and glycogen of the liver (laboratory group) were slightly decreased. Except for the females of the field group, higher mRNA expression of growth hormone (gh) in the pituitary of infected fish was observed. Furthermore, the expression of hypophyseal somatolactin α and β (slα, slβ) was up-regulated in infected females of the field and laboratory group, respectively. In liver and muscle, mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factors (igf1, igf2) and igf receptor (igfr) remained either unchanged or were up-regulated with infection. Parasitization showed inconsistent effects on gh receptor 1 (ghr1) expression in liver and muscle, whereas ghr2 mRNA was mostly not influenced by infection. In general, the expression profile of genes involved in the somatotropic axis as well as the content of storage substances in infected roach did not resemble that of food-deprived fish either under natural or ad libitum feeding. In conclusion, the present study does not indicate starvation of L. intestinalis infected roach, and it is suggested that the inhibition of reproduction attenuated the nutritional demand of parasitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kroupova
- Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cánepa MM, Zhu Y, Fossati M, Stiller JW, Vissio PG. Cloning, phylogenetic analysis and expression of somatolactin and its receptor in Cichlasoma dimerus: their role in long-term background color acclimation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 176:52-61. [PMID: 22226730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Somatolactin (SL) and SL receptor (SLR) belong to the growth hormone and cytokine type I receptor superfamilies, respectively. However, further research is required to define the duplications and functions of SL and its receptors in basal vertebrates including environmental background color adaptation in fish. In the present study, we cloned and sequenced SL and its putative receptor (SLR), classified and compared the sequences phylogenetically, and determined SL and SLR mRNA expression levels during long-term background color exposure in Cichlasoma dimerus, a freshwater South American cichlid. Our results show that C. dimerus SL and SLR share high sequence similarity with homologous from other perciform fish. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that C. dimerus SL belongs to the SLα clade sub-group. C. dimerus SLR is clearly a member of the GHR1 receptor subgroup, which includes the experimentally validated SLR from salmonids. Higher transcript levels of SLα in the pituitary and SLR in the epidermis and dermis cells of fish scales were observed in fish following long-term black background color exposure compared to those exposed to a white background. A higher number of melanophores was also observed in fish exposed for 10days to a black background compared to those exposed to a white background. These changes were concomitant to differences in SL or SLR transcript levels found in fish exposed to these two different background colors. Our results suggest, for the first time, that SLR is expressed in fish scales, and that there is an increase in SL in the pituitary and the putative SLR in likely target cells, i.e., melanophores, in long-term black background exposure in C. dimerus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano M Cánepa
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rhee JS, Kim BM, Seo JS, Kim IC, Lee YM, Lee JS. Cloning of growth hormone, somatolactin, and their receptor mRNAs, their expression in organs, during development, and on salinity stress in the hermaphroditic fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 161:436-42. [PMID: 22261671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is an important parameter that affects survival and metabolism in fish. In fish, pituitary growth hormone (GH) regulates physiological functions including adaptation to different salinity as well as somatic growth. GH is stimulated by growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and exerts its function via binding to growth hormone receptor (GHR). As Kryptolebias marmoratus is a euryhaline fish, this species would be a useful model species for studying the adaptation to osmotic stress conditions. Here, we cloned GH, -GHR, somatolactin (SL), and somatolactin receptor (SLR) genes, and analyzed their expression patterns in different tissues and during early developmental stages by using real-time RT-PCR. We also further examined expression of them after acclimation to different salinity. Tissue distribution studies revealed that Km-GH and -SL mRNAs were remarkably expressed in brain and pituitary, whereas Km-GHR and -SLR mRNAs were predominantly expressed in liver, followed by gonad, muscle, pituitary, and brain. During embryonic developmental stages, the expression of their mRNA was increased at stage 3 (9 dpf). The Km-GH and -SL mRNA transcripts were constantly elevated until stage 5 (5h post hatch), whereas Km-GHR and -SLR mRNA levels decreased at this stage. After we transferred K. marmoratus from control (12 psu) to hyper-osmotic condition (hyperseawater, HSW; 33 psu), Km-GH, -SL, and GHR mRNA levels were enhanced. In hypo-osmotic conditions like freshwater (FW), Km-GH and -SL expressions were modulated 24 h after exposure, and Km-SLR transcripts were significantly upregulated. This finding suggests that Km-GH and -SL may be involved in the osmoregulatory mechanism under hyper-osmotic as well as hypo-osmotic stress. This is the first report on transcriptional modulation and relationship of GH, GHR, SL, and SLR during early development and after salinity stress. This study will be helpful to a better understanding on molecular mechanisms of adaptation response to salt stress in euryhaline fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dahl E, Backström T, Winberg S, Laurila A. Is growth hormone expression correlated with variation in growth rate along a latitudinal gradient in
Rana temporaria
? J Zool (1987) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Dahl
- Population and Conservation Biology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University,Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T. Backström
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. Winberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Laurila
- Population and Conservation Biology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University,Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lynn SG, Wallat GK, Malison JA, Shepherd BS. Developmental expression and estrogen responses of endocrine genes in juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 171:151-9. [PMID: 21216244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the expression of growth-regulating genes (gh, prl, smtl and igf1b), the estrogen receptors (esr1 and esr2a) and aromatase (cyp19a1a) in developing yellow perch. To gain an initial understanding into the endocrine control of growth preceding and involved with sexual size dimorphism (SSD), where females have been reported to grow faster and larger than males, young of the year fish were sampled for length, weight and tissues at several time points (102-421 days post-hatch (dph)). Positive growth was seen in both sexes over the sampling interval, but SSD was not manifested. Using real-time quantitative PCR, we found that pituitary growth hormone (gh) and liver insulin-like growth factor-1b (igf1b) mRNA levels were significantly affected by dph and levels were found to be correlated with growth in both sexes. Liver cyp19a1a, esr1 and esr2a mRNA levels were significantly influenced by dph, whereas there was a significant dph*sex interaction on liver esr2a mRNA levels with males having higher levels than females at 379 and 421 dph. Ovarian cyp19a1a decreased with dph, but there were no changes in esr1 or esr2a mRNA levels. Dietary treatment of juvenile (∼300 dph) females with 20 mg/kg diet 17β-estradiol resulted in significantly higher liver esr1 mRNA levels and a sustained hepatosomatic index (I(H)). Across all data sets liver esr2a mRNA levels showed the most significant positive correlation with liver igf1b mRNA levels. These findings show that growth is accompanied by increases in pituitary gh, liver igf1b and liver esr1 and esr2a mRNAs in juvenile yellow perch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott G Lynn
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vargas-Chacoff L, Astola A, Arjona FJ, Martín del Río MP, García-Cózar F, Mancera JM, Martínez-Rodríguez G. Pituitary gene and protein expression under experimental variation on salinity and temperature in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 154:303-8. [PMID: 19607931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Temperature and salinity are important factors that affect several physiological processes in aquatic organisms, which could be produced by variation of certain hormones. In this study, the expression of pituitary hormones involved in the acclimation to different temperatures and salinities was examined in Sparus aurata, a euryhaline and eurytherm species, by Q-Real Time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses for mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Three different experimental conditions were designed with specimens (10 per treatment) acclimated to: a) low salinity water; b) sea water; and c) high salinity water. Additionally, fish under different salinities were acclimated to three different temperatures: 12, 19 and 26 degrees C. Animals were maintained seven weeks before sampling pituitary glands. Our results provided enough evidence for a differential expression of PRL, GH and SL in the pituitary of gilthead sea bream, under different temperature and salinity regimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Vargas-Chacoff
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|