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Strine MS, Fagerberg E, Darcy PW, Barrón GM, Filler RB, Alfajaro MM, D'Angelo-Gavrish N, Wang F, Graziano VR, Menasché BL, Damo M, Wang YT, Howitt MR, Lee S, Joshi NS, Mucida D, Wilen CB. Intestinal tuft cell immune privilege enables norovirus persistence. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi7038. [PMID: 38517952 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The persistent murine norovirus strain MNVCR6 is a model for human norovirus and enteric viral persistence. MNVCR6 causes chronic infection by directly infecting intestinal tuft cells, rare chemosensory epithelial cells. Although MNVCR6 induces functional MNV-specific CD8+ T cells, these lymphocytes fail to clear infection. To examine how tuft cells promote immune escape, we interrogated tuft cell interactions with CD8+ T cells by adoptively transferring JEDI (just EGFP death inducing) CD8+ T cells into Gfi1b-GFP tuft cell reporter mice. Unexpectedly, some intestinal tuft cells partially resisted JEDI CD8+ T cell-mediated killing-unlike Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells and extraintestinal tuft cells-despite seemingly normal antigen presentation. When targeting intestinal tuft cells, JEDI CD8+ T cells predominantly adopted a T resident memory phenotype with decreased effector and cytotoxic capacity, enabling tuft cell survival. JEDI CD8+ T cells neither cleared nor prevented MNVCR6 infection in the colon, the site of viral persistence, despite targeting a virus-independent antigen. Ultimately, we show that intestinal tuft cells are relatively resistant to CD8+ T cells independent of norovirus infection, representing an immune-privileged niche that can be leveraged by enteric microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison S Strine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric Fagerberg
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick W Darcy
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel M Barrón
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Renata B Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Fang Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vincent R Graziano
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bridget L Menasché
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martina Damo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Michael R Howitt
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Jiang M, Chen XH, Li H, Peng XX, Peng B. Exogenous L-Alanine promotes phagocytosis of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e49561. [PMID: 37943703 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria present a major threat to public health that urgently requires new drugs or treatment approaches. Here, we conduct integrated proteomic and metabolomics analyses to screen for molecular candidates improving survival of mice infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which indicate that L-Alanine metabolism and phagocytosis are strongly correlated with mouse survival. We also assess the role of L-Alanine in improving mouse survival by in vivo bacterial challenge experiments using various bacteria species, including V. parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Functional studies demonstrate that exogenous L-Alanine promotes phagocytosis of these multidrug-resistant pathogen species. We reveal that the underlying mechanism involves two events boosted by L-Alanine: TLR4 expression and L-Alanine-enhanced TLR4 signaling via increased biosynthesis and secretion of fatty acids, including palmitate. Palmitate enhances binding of lipopolysaccharide to TLR4, thereby promoting TLR4 dimer formation and endocytosis for subsequent activation of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways and bacteria phagocytosis. Our data suggest that modulation of the metabolic environment is a plausible approach for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan-Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Larson DR, Kimber AJ, Meyer KJ, Anderson MG. Anterior chamber depth in mice is controlled by several quantitative trait loci. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286897. [PMID: 37624784 PMCID: PMC10456175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior chamber depth (ACD) is a quantitative trait associated with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Although ACD is highly heritable, known genetic variations explain a small fraction of the phenotypic variability. The purpose of this study was to identify additional ACD-influencing loci using strains of mice. Cohorts of 86 N2 and 111 F2 mice were generated from crosses between recombinant inbred BXD24/TyJ and wild-derived CAST/EiJ mice. Using anterior chamber optical coherence tomography, mice were phenotyped at 10-12 weeks of age, genotyped based on 93 genome-wide SNPs, and subjected to quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. In an analysis of ACD among all mice, six loci passed the significance threshold of p = 0.05 and persisted after multiple regression analysis. These were on chromosomes 6, 7, 11, 12, 15 and 17 (named Acdq6, Acdq7, Acdq11, Acdq12, Acdq15, and Acdq17, respectively). Our findings demonstrate a quantitative multi-genic pattern of ACD inheritance in mice and identify six previously unrecognized ACD-influencing loci. We have taken a unique approach to studying the anterior chamber depth phenotype by using mice as genetic tool to examine this continuously distributed trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demelza R. Larson
- Department of Biology, College of Saint Benedict & Saint John’s University, Collegeville, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Allysa J. Kimber
- Department of Biology, College of Saint Benedict & Saint John’s University, Collegeville, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kacie J. Meyer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Anderson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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Sharghi S, Flunkert S, Daurer M, Rabl R, Chagnaud BP, Leopoldo M, Lacivita E, Hutter-Paier B, Prokesch M. Evaluating the effect of R-Baclofen and LP-211 on autistic behavior of the BTBR and Fmr1-KO mouse models. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1087788. [PMID: 37065917 PMCID: PMC10097904 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1087788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a persistent neurodevelopmental condition characterized by two core behavioral symptoms: impaired social communication and interaction, as well as stereotypic, repetitive behavior. No distinct cause of ASD is known so far; however, excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and a disturbed serotoninergic transmission have been identified as prominent candidates responsible for ASD etiology.MethodsThe GABAB receptor agonist R-Baclofen and the selective agonist for the 5HT7 serotonin receptor LP-211 have been reported to correct social deficits and repetitive behaviors in mouse models of ASD. To evaluate the efficacy of these compounds in more details, we treated BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J and B6.129P2-Fmr1tm1Cgr/J mice acutely with R-Baclofen or LP-211 and evaluated the behavior of animals in a series of tests.ResultsBTBR mice showed motor deficits, elevated anxiety, and highly repetitive behavior of self-grooming. Fmr1-KO mice exhibited decreased anxiety and hyperactivity. Additionally, Fmr1-KO mice’s ultrasonic vocalizations were impaired suggesting a reduced social interest and communication of this strain. Acute LP-211 administration did not affect the behavioral abnormalities observed in BTBR mice but improved repetitive behavior in Fmr1-KO mice and showed a trend to change anxiety of this strain. Acute R-Baclofen treatment improved repetitive behavior only in Fmr1-KO mice.ConclusionOur results add value to the current available data on these mouse models and the respective compounds. Yet, additional studies are needed to further test R-Baclofen and LP-211 as potential treatments for ASD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sharghi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, QPS Austria GmbH, Grambach, Austria
- Institute for Biology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Shirin Sharghi,
| | - Stefanie Flunkert
- Department of Neuropharmacology, QPS Austria GmbH, Grambach, Austria
| | - Magdalena Daurer
- Department of Neuropharmacology, QPS Austria GmbH, Grambach, Austria
| | - Roland Rabl
- Department of Neuropharmacology, QPS Austria GmbH, Grambach, Austria
| | | | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Prokesch
- Department of Neuropharmacology, QPS Austria GmbH, Grambach, Austria
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Yoshiki A, Ballard G, Perez AV. Genetic quality: a complex issue for experimental study reproducibility. Transgenic Res 2022; 31:413-430. [PMID: 35751794 PMCID: PMC9489590 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory animal research involving mice, requires consideration of many factors to be controlled. Genetic quality is one factor that is often overlooked but is essential for the generation of reproducible experimental results. Whether experimental research involves inbred mice, spontaneous mutant, or genetically modified strains, exercising genetic quality through careful breeding, good recordkeeping, and prudent quality control steps such as validation of the presence of mutations and verification of the genetic background, will help ensure that experimental results are accurate and that reference controls are representative for the particular experiment. In this review paper, we will discuss various techniques used for the generation of genetically altered mice, and the different aspects to be considered regarding genetic quality, including inbred strains and substrains used, quality check controls during and after genetic manipulation and breeding. We also provide examples for when to use the different techniques and considerations on genetic quality checks. Further, we emphasize on the importance of establishing an in-house genetic quality program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, 3050074, Japan.
| | - Gregory Ballard
- Comparative Medicine and Quality, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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Jonas W, Kluth O, Helms A, Voß S, Jähnert M, Gottmann P, Speckmann T, Knebel B, Chadt A, Al-Hasani H, Schürmann A, Vogel H. Identification of Novel Genes Involved in Hyperglycemia in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3205. [PMID: 35328627 PMCID: PMC8949927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current attempts to prevent and manage type 2 diabetes have been moderately effective, and a better understanding of the molecular roots of this complex disease is important to develop more successful and precise treatment options. Recently, we initiated the collective diabetes cross, where four mouse inbred strains differing in their diabetes susceptibility were crossed with the obese and diabetes-prone NZO strain and identified the quantitative trait loci (QTL) Nidd13/NZO, a genomic region on chromosome 13 that correlates with hyperglycemia in NZO allele carriers compared to B6 controls. Subsequent analysis of the critical region, harboring 644 genes, included expression studies in pancreatic islets of congenic Nidd13/NZO mice, integration of single-cell data from parental NZO and B6 islets as well as haplotype analysis. Finally, of the five genes (Acot12, S100z, Ankrd55, Rnf180, and Iqgap2) within the polymorphic haplotype block that are differently expressed in islets of B6 compared to NZO mice, we identified the calcium-binding protein S100z gene to affect islet cell proliferation as well as apoptosis when overexpressed in MIN6 cells. In summary, we define S100z as the most striking gene to be causal for the diabetes QTL Nidd13/NZO by affecting β-cell proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, S100z is an entirely novel diabetes gene regulating islet cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Jonas
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (W.J.); (O.K.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.); (H.A.-H.)
| | - Oliver Kluth
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (W.J.); (O.K.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.); (H.A.-H.)
| | - Anett Helms
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (W.J.); (O.K.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.); (H.A.-H.)
| | - Sarah Voß
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (W.J.); (O.K.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.); (H.A.-H.)
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (W.J.); (O.K.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.); (H.A.-H.)
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (W.J.); (O.K.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.); (H.A.-H.)
| | - Thilo Speckmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (W.J.); (O.K.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.); (H.A.-H.)
| | - Birgit Knebel
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.); (H.A.-H.)
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Medical Faculty, Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.); (H.A.-H.)
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Medical Faculty, Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.); (H.A.-H.)
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Medical Faculty, Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (W.J.); (O.K.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.); (H.A.-H.)
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heike Vogel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (W.J.); (O.K.); (A.H.); (S.V.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.); (H.A.-H.)
- Research Group Genetics of Obesity, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Research Group Molecular and Clinical Life Science of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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Shi W, Sheng X, Dorr KM, Hutton JE, Emerson JI, Davies HA, Andrade TD, Wasson LK, Greco TM, Hashimoto Y, Federspiel JD, Robbe ZL, Chen X, Arnold AP, Cristea IM, Conlon FL. Cardiac proteomics reveals sex chromosome-dependent differences between males and females that arise prior to gonad formation. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3019-3034.e7. [PMID: 34655525 PMCID: PMC9290207 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sex disparities in cardiac homeostasis and heart disease are well documented, with differences attributed to actions of sex hormones. However, studies have indicated sex chromosomes act outside of the gonads to function without mediation by gonadal hormones. Here, we performed transcriptional and proteomics profiling to define differences between male and female mouse hearts. We demonstrate, contrary to current dogma, cardiac sex disparities are controlled not only by sex hormones but also through a sex-chromosome mechanism. Using Turner syndrome (XO) and Klinefelter (XXY) models, we find the sex-chromosome pathway is established by X-linked gene dosage. We demonstrate cardiac sex disparities occur at the earliest stages of heart formation, a period before gonad formation. Using these datasets, we identify and define a role for alpha-1B-glycoprotein (A1BG), showing loss of A1BG leads to cardiac defects in females, but not males. These studies provide resources for studying sex-biased cardiac disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xinlei Sheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kerry M Dorr
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Josiah E Hutton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - James I Emerson
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haley A Davies
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tia D Andrade
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lauren K Wasson
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yutaka Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Joel D Federspiel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Zachary L Robbe
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xuqi Chen
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arthur P Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Frank L Conlon
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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8
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Control of Protein and Energy Metabolism in the Pituitary Gland in Response to Three-Week Running Training in Adult Male Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040736. [PMID: 33810540 PMCID: PMC8065971 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is assumed that crosstalk of central and peripheral tissues plays a role in the adaptive response to physical activity and exercise. Here, we wanted to study the effects of training and genetic predisposition in a marathon mouse model on mRNA expression in the pituitary gland. Therefore, we used a mouse model developed by phenotype selection for superior running performance (DUhTP) and non-inbred control mice (DUC). Both mouse lines underwent treadmill training for three weeks or were kept in a sedentary condition. In all groups, total RNA was isolated from the pituitary gland and sequenced. Molecular pathway analysis was performed by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Training induced differential expression of 637 genes (DEGs) in DUC but only 50 DEGs in DUhTP mice. Genetic selection for enhanced running performance strongly affected gene expression in the pituitary gland and identified 1732 DEGs in sedentary DUC versus DUhTP mice. Training appeared to have an even stronger effect on gene expression in both lines and comparatively revealed 3828 DEGs in the pituitary gland. From the list of DEGs in all experimental groups, candidate genes were extracted by comparison with published genomic regions with significant effects on training responses in mice. Bioinformatic modeling revealed induction and coordinated expression of the pathways for ribosome synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation in DUC mice. By contrast, DUhTP mice were resistant to the positive effects of three-week training on protein and energy metabolism in the pituitary gland.
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Abstract
The inbred mouse strain C57BL/6 has been widely used as a background strain for spontaneous and induced mutations. Developed in the 1930s, the C57BL/6 strain
diverged into two major groups in the 1950s, namely, C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N, and more than 20 substrains have been established from them worldwide. We previously
reported genetic differences among C57BL/6 substrains in 2009 and 2015. Since then, dozens of reports have been published on phenotypic differences in
behavioral, neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic traits. Substrains need to be chosen according to the purpose of the study because phenotypic
differences might affect the experimental results. In this paper, we review recent reports of phenotypic and genetic differences among C57BL/6 substrains, focus
our attention on the proper use of C57BL/6 and other inbred strains in the era of genome editing, and provide the life science research community wider
knowledge about this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Mekada
- Department of Zoology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan.,Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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10
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Dietary fats suppress the peritoneal seeding of colorectal cancer cells through the TLR4/Cxcl10 axis in adipose tissue macrophages. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:239. [PMID: 33060562 PMCID: PMC7566605 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a terminal phase of malignancy with no effective strategies for the prevention of this condition. Here we established PC models in mice by intraperitoneal engraftment of CRC cells and revealed an unexpected role for a high-fat diet (HFD) in preventing metastatic seeding in the visceral fat. Mechanistically, the HFD stimulated the activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) toward an M1-like phenotype and enhanced ATM tumor phagocytosis in a TLR4-dependent manner. Furthermore, the TLR4–Cxcl10 axis in ATMs promoted T cell recruitment, and M1-like macrophages stimulated T cell activation in tumor-seeded fats. The inhibitory effect of the HFD on tumor seeding was abolished with the ablation of macrophages, inactivation of T cells, or blockade of the TLR4–Cxcl10 axis in macrophages. Finally, we showed that a HFD and conventional chemotherapeutic agents (oxaliplatin or 5-fluorouracil) synergistically improved the survival of tumor-seeded mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that peritoneal seeding of CRC can be suppressed by short-term treatment with a HFD in the early phase, providing a novel concept for the management of these patients in the clinic.
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11
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Autophagy induction promotes renal cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:102986. [PMID: 32949996 PMCID: PMC7501056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) involves renal cysts arising from proliferating tubular cells. Autophagy has been recently suggested as a potential therapeutic target in PKD, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key negative regulator of autophagy. However, the effect of autophagy regulation on cystogenesis has not been elucidated in PKD mice. Methods Clinical validation was performed using GEO datasets and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patient samples. Newly established PKD and LC3 transgenic mice were used for in vivo verifications, and additional tests were performed in vitro and in vivo using multiple autophagy drugs. Findings Neither autophagy stimulation nor LC3 overexpression alleviated PKD. Furthermore, we observed the inhibitory effect of an autophagy inhibitor on cysts, indicating its possible therapeutic use in a specific group of patients with ADPKD. Interpretation Our findings provide a novel insight into the pathogenesis related to autophagy in PKD, suggesting that drugs related to autophagy regulation should be considered with caution for treating PKD. Funding Sources This work was supported by grants from the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program; the Collaborative Genome Program for Fostering New Post-Genome Industry of the NRF; the Basic Science Program.
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12
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Branca JA, Low BE, Saxl RL, Sargent JK, Doty RA, Wiles MV, Dumont BL, Hasham MG. Loss of TRP53 (p53) accelerates tumorigenesis and changes the tumor spectrum of SJL/J mice. Genes Cancer 2020; 11:83-94. [PMID: 32577159 PMCID: PMC7289902 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Known as the guardian of the genome, transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a well -known tumor suppressor. Here, we describe a novel TRP53 deficient mouse model on a tumor prone background—SJL/J mice. The absence of TRP53 (TRP53 nullizygosity) leads to a shift in the tumor spectrum from a non-Hodgkin’s-like disease to thymic lymphomas and testicular teratomas at a very rapid tumor onset averaging ~12 weeks of age. In haplotype studies, comparing tumor prone versus tumor resistant Trp53 null mouse strains, we found that other tumor suppressor, DNA repair and/or immune system genes modulate tumor incidence in TRP53 null strains, suggesting that even a strong tumor suppressor such as TRP53 is modulated by genetic background. Due to their rapid development of tumors, the SJL/J TRP53 null mice generated here can be used as an efficient chemotherapy or immunotherapy screening mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth L Saxl
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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13
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Lutz C, Maher L, Lee C, Kang W. COVID-19 preclinical models: human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice. Hum Genomics 2020; 14:20. [PMID: 32498696 PMCID: PMC7269898 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-020-00272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a declared pandemic that is spreading all over the world at a dreadfully fast rate. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen of COVID-19, infects the human body using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor identical to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic that occurred in 2002-2003. SARS-CoV-2 has a higher binding affinity to human ACE2 than to that of other species. Animal models that mimic the human disease are highly essential to develop therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19. Here, we review transgenic mice that express human ACE2 in the airway and other epithelia and have shown to develop a rapidly lethal infection after intranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV, the pathogen of SARS. This literature review aims to present the importance of utilizing the human ACE2 transgenic mouse model to better understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and develop both therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Lutz
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609 USA
| | - Leigh Maher
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
| | - Charles Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd., Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wonyoung Kang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
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14
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Wang J, Cui Y, Yu Z, Wang W, Cheng X, Ji W, Guo S, Zhou Q, Wu N, Chen Y, Chen Y, Song X, Jiang H, Wang Y, Lan Y, Zhou B, Mao L, Li J, Yang H, Guo W, Yang X. Brain Endothelial Cells Maintain Lactate Homeostasis and Control Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:754-767.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Singh MV, Cicha MZ, Nunez S, Meyerholz DK, Chapleau MW, Abboud FM. Angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy are differentially mediated by TLR3- and TLR4-dependent pathways. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1027-H1038. [PMID: 30793936 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00697.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are key components of the innate immune system that elicit inflammatory responses through the adaptor proteins myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) and Toll-interleukin receptor domain-containing adaptor protein-inducing interferon-β (TRIF). Previously, we demonstrated that TRIF mediates the signaling of angiotensin II (ANG II)- induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Since TRIF is activated selectively by TLR3 and TLR4, our goals in this study were to determine the roles of TLR3 and TLR4 in mediating ANG II-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, and associated changes in proinflammatory gene expression in heart and kidney. In wild-type (WT) mice, ANG II infusion (1,000 ng·kg-1·min-1 for 3 wk) increased systolic blood pressure and caused cardiac hypertrophy. In ANG II-infused TLR4-deficient mice (Tlr4del), hypertrophy was significantly attenuated despite a preserved or enhanced hypertensive response. In contrast, in TLR3-deficient mice (Tlr3-/-), both ANG II-induced hypertension and hypertrophy were abrogated. In WT mice, ANG II increased the expression of several proinflammatory genes in hearts and kidneys that were attenuated in both TLR4- and TLR3-deficient mice compared with WT. We conclude that ANG II activates both TLR4-TRIF and TLR3-TRIF pathways in a nonredundant manner whereby hypertension is dependent on activation of the TLR3-TRIF pathway and cardiac hypertrophy is dependent on both TLR3-TRIF and TLR4-TRIF pathways. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension is dependent on the endosomal Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-Toll-interleukin receptor domain-containing adaptor protein-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) pathway of the innate immune system but not on cell membrane localized TLR4. However, ANG II-induced cardiac hypertrophy is regulated by both TLR4-TRIF and TLR3-TRIF pathways. Thus, ANG II-induced rise in systolic blood pressure is independent of TLR4-TRIF effect on cardiac hypertrophy. The TLR3-TRIF pathway may be a potential target of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu V Singh
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael Z Cicha
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sarah Nunez
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark W Chapleau
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - François M Abboud
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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16
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Genetic and morphometric characteristics of Korean wild mice (KWM/Hym) captured at Chuncheon, South Korea. Lab Anim Res 2019; 34:311-316. [PMID: 30671120 PMCID: PMC6333606 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.4.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory inbred mice are used widely and commonly in biomedical research, but inbred mice do not have a big enough gene pool for the research. In this study, genetic and morphometric analyses were performed to obtain data on the characteristics of a newly developing inbred strain (KWM/Hym) captured from Chuncheon, Korea. All of five Korean wild male mice have the zinc-finger Y (ZfY) gene. Also, all of 19 Korean wild mice used in this analysis have the AKV-type murine leukemia virus gene, indicating that Korean wild mice might be Mus musculus musculus. To identify the genetic polymorphism in KWM/Hym, SNP analysis was performed. In a comparison with 28 SNP markers, there was a considerable difference between KWM/Hym and several inbred strains. The homogeneity between KWM/Hym and the inbred strains was as follows: C57BL/6J (39.3%), BALB/c AJic (42.9%), and DBA/2J (50%). KWM/Hym is most similar to the PWK/PhJ inbred strain (96.4%) derived from wild mice (Czech Republic). To identify the morphometric characteristics of KWM/Hym, the external morphology was measured. The tail ratio of male and female was 79.60±3.09 and 73.55±6.14%, respectively. KWM/Hym has short and agouti-colored hairs and its belly is white with golden hair. Taking these results together, KWM/Hym, a newly developing inbred mouse originated from wild mouse, might be use as new genetic resources to overcome the limitations of the current laboratory mice.
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17
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Xiang W, Shi R, Kang X, Zhang X, Chen P, Zhang L, Hou A, Wang R, Zhao Y, Zhao K, Liu Y, Ma Y, Luo H, Shang S, Zhang J, He F, Yu S, Gan L, Shi C, Li Y, Yang W, Liang H, Miao H. Monoacylglycerol lipase regulates cannabinoid receptor 2-dependent macrophage activation and cancer progression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2574. [PMID: 29968710 PMCID: PMC6030061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming greatly contributes to the regulation of macrophage activation. However, the mechanism of lipid accumulation and the corresponding function in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) remain unclear. With primary investigation in colon cancer and confirmation in other cancer models, here we determine that deficiency of monoacylglycerol lipase (MGLL) results in lipid overload in TAMs. Functionally, macrophage MGLL inhibits CB2 cannabinoid receptor-dependent tumor progression in inoculated and genetic cancer models. Mechanistically, MGLL deficiency promotes CB2/TLR4-dependent macrophage activation, which further suppresses the function of tumor-associated CD8+ T cells. Treatment with CB2 antagonists delays tumor progression in inoculated and genetic cancer models. Finally, we verify that expression of macrophage MGLL is decreased in cancer tissues and positively correlated with the survival of cancer patients. Taken together, our findings identify MGLL as a switch for CB2/TLR4-dependent macrophage activation and provide potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rongchen Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xia Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, PLA 324 Hospital, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Along Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuanyin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yingzhe Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shenglan Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fengtian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Songtao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lixia Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center & Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Hongming Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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18
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Bu P, Yagi S, Shiota K, Alam SMK, Vivian JL, Wolfe MW, Rumi MAK, Chakraborty D, Kubota K, Dhakal P, Soares MJ. Origin of a rapidly evolving homeostatic control system programming testis function. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:217-232. [PMID: 28576872 PMCID: PMC5529123 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammals share common strategies for regulating reproduction, including a conserved hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis; yet, individual species exhibit differences in reproductive performance. In this report, we describe the discovery of a species-restricted homeostatic control system programming testis growth and function. Prl3c1 is a member of the prolactin gene family and its protein product (PLP-J) was discovered as a uterine cytokine contributing to the establishment of pregnancy. We utilized mouse mutagenesis of Prl3c1 and revealed its involvement in the regulation of the male reproductive axis. The Prl3c1-null male reproductive phenotype was characterized by testiculomegaly and hyperandrogenism. The larger testes in the Prl3c1-null mice were associated with an expansion of the Leydig cell compartment. Prl3c1 locus is a template for two transcripts (Prl3c1-v1 and Prl3c1-v2) expressed in a tissue-specific pattern. Prl3c1-v1 is expressed in uterine decidua, while Prl3c1-v2 is expressed in Leydig cells of the testis. 5'RACE, chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA methylation analyses were used to define cell-specific promoter usage and alternative transcript expression. We examined the Prl3c1 locus in five murid rodents and showed that the testicular transcript and encoded protein are the result of a recent retrotransposition event at the Mus musculus Prl3c1 locus. Prl3c1-v1 encodes PLP-J V1 and Prl3c1-v2 encodes PLP-J V2. Each protein exhibits distinct intracellular targeting and actions. PLP-J V2 possesses Leydig cell-static actions consistent with the Prl3c1-null testicular phenotype. Analysis of the biology of the Prl3c1 gene has provided insight into a previously unappreciated homeostatic setpoint control system programming testicular growth and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengli Bu
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Shintaro Yagi
- Laboratory of Cellular BiochemistryVeterinary Medical Sciences/Animal Resource Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Shiota
- Laboratory of Cellular BiochemistryVeterinary Medical Sciences/Animal Resource Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and EngineeringWaseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S M Khorshed Alam
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jay L Vivian
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Michael W Wolfe
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - M A Karim Rumi
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Damayanti Chakraborty
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kaiyu Kubota
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Pramod Dhakal
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Michael J Soares
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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19
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Kelly NJ, Radder JE, Baust JJ, Burton CL, Lai YC, Potoka KC, Agostini BA, Wood JP, Bachman TN, Vanderpool RR, Dandachi N, Leme AS, Gregory AD, Morris A, Mora AL, Gladwin MT, Shapiro SD. Mouse Genome-Wide Association Study of Preclinical Group II Pulmonary Hypertension Identifies Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:488-496. [PMID: 28085498 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0176oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with features of obesity and metabolic syndrome that translate to the induction of PH by chronic high-fat diet (HFD) in some inbred mouse strains. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes associated with susceptibility to HFD-induced PH. Mice from 36 inbred and wild-derived strains were fed with regular diet or HFD for 20 weeks beginning at 6-12 weeks of age, after which right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) end-systolic pressure (ESP) and maximum pressure (MaxP) were measured by cardiac catheterization. We tested for association of RV MaxP and RV ESP and identified genomic regions enriched with nominal associations to both of these phenotypes. We excluded genomic regions if they were also associated with LV MaxP, LV ESP, or body weight. Genes within significant regions were scored based on the shortest-path betweenness centrality, a measure of network connectivity, of their human orthologs in a gene interaction network of human PH-related genes. WSB/EiJ, NON/ShiLtJ, and AKR/J mice had the largest increases in RV MaxP after high-fat feeding. Network-based scoring of GWAS candidates identified epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) as having the highest shortest-path betweenness centrality of GWAS candidates. Expression studies of lung homogenate showed that EGFR expression is increased in the AKR/J strain, which developed a significant increase in RV MaxP after high-fat feeding as compared with C57BL/6J, which did not. Our combined GWAS and network-based approach adds evidence for a role for Egfr in murine PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yen-Chun Lai
- 1 Department of Medicine.,2 Vascular Medicine Institute, and
| | - Karin C Potoka
- 1 Department of Medicine.,3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana L Mora
- 1 Department of Medicine.,2 Vascular Medicine Institute, and
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- 1 Department of Medicine.,2 Vascular Medicine Institute, and
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20
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Abstract
A key characteristic of systems genetics is its reliance on populations that vary to a greater or lesser degree in genetic complexity-from highly admixed populations such as the Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outcross to relatively simple crosses such as sets of consomic strains and reduced complexity crosses. This protocol is intended to help investigators make more informed decisions about choices of resources given different types of questions. We consider factors such as costs, availability, and ease of breeding for common scenarios. In general, we recommend using complementary resources and minimizing depth of resampling of any given genome or strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 77 S. Manassas Street, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Evan G Williams
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Chang SN, Lee JM, Oh H, Park JH. Glutathione Peroxidase 3 Inhibits Prostate Tumorigenesis in TRAMP Mice. Prostate 2016; 76:1387-98. [PMID: 27325372 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) is involved in protecting cells from oxidative damage, and down-regulated levels of expression have been found in prostate cancer samples. We hypothesize that loss of the GPx3 increases the rate of prostate carcinogenesis and generated GPx3-deficient transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. METHODS Prostate cancer incidence and progression were determined in TRAMP, TRAMP/GPx3 (+/-) HET, and TRAMP/GPx3 (-/-) KO mice at 8, 16, and 20 weeks of age. RESULTS We found that GPx3 expression was decreased in TRAMP mice and not detected in GPx3 KO mice both in mRNA and protein levels. Disruption of GPx3 expression in TRAMP mice increased the GU tract weights and the histopathological scores in each lobes with increased proliferation rates. Moreover, inactivation of one (+/-) or both (-/-) alleles of GPx3 resulted in increase in prostate cancer incidence with activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first in vivo molecular genetic evidence that GPx3 does indeed function as a tumor suppressor during prostate carcinogenesis. Prostate 76:1387-1398, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Na Chang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Oh
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Genetic backgrounds determine brown remodeling of white fat in rodents. Mol Metab 2016; 5:948-958. [PMID: 27689007 PMCID: PMC5034685 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic background largely contributes to the complexity of metabolic responses and dysfunctions. Induction of brown adipose features in white fat, known as brown remodeling, has been appreciated as a promising strategy to offset the positive energy balance in obesity and further to improve metabolism. Here we address the effects of genetic background on this process. METHODS We investigated browning remodeling in a depot-specific manner by comparing the response of C57BL/6J, 129/Sv and FVB/NJ mouse strains to cold. RESULTS Surprisingly, 129/Sv and FVB/NJ mice showed distinct brown remodeling features despite their similar resistance to metabolic disorders in comparison to the obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice. FVB/NJ mice demonstrated a preference of brown remodeling in inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (iWAT), whereas 129/Sv mice displayed robust brown remodeling in visceral epididymal fat (eWAT). We further compared gene expression in different depots by RNA-sequencing and identified Hoxc10 as a novel "brake" of brown remodeling in iWAT. CONCLUSION Rodent genetic background determines the brown remodeling of different white fat depots. This study provides new insights into the role of genetic variation in fat remodeling in susceptibility to metabolic diseases.
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Lee KH, Lim D, Chiu S, Greenhalgh D, Cho K. Genomic landscapes of endogenous retroviruses unveil intricate genetics of conventional and genetically-engineered laboratory mouse strains. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 100:248-56. [PMID: 26779669 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory strains of mice, both conventional and genetically engineered, have been introduced as critical components of a broad range of studies investigating normal and disease biology. Currently, the genetic identity of laboratory mice is primarily confirmed by surveying polymorphisms in selected sets of "conventional" genes and/or microsatellites in the absence of a single completely sequenced mouse genome. First, we examined variations in the genomic landscapes of transposable repetitive elements, named the TREome, in conventional and genetically engineered mouse strains using murine leukemia virus-type endogenous retroviruses (MLV-ERVs) as a probe. A survey of the genomes from 56 conventional strains revealed strain-specific TREome landscapes, and certain families (e.g., C57BL) of strains were discernible with defined patterns. Interestingly, the TREome landscapes of C3H/HeJ (toll-like receptor-4 [TLR4] mutant) inbred mice were different from its control C3H/HeOuJ (TLR4 wild-type) strain. In addition, a CD14 knock-out strain had a distinct TREome landscape compared to its control/backcross C57BL/6J strain. Second, an examination of superantigen (SAg, a "TREome gene") coding sequences of mouse mammary tumor virus-type ERVs in the genomes of the 46 conventional strains revealed a high diversity, suggesting a potential role of SAgs in strain-specific immune phenotypes. The findings from this study indicate that unexplored and intricate genomic variations exist in laboratory mouse strains, both conventional and genetically engineered. The TREome-based high-resolution genetics surveillance system for laboratory mice would contribute to efficient study design with quality control and accurate data interpretation. This genetics system can be easily adapted to other species ranging from plants to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Debora Lim
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Sophia Chiu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - David Greenhalgh
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Kiho Cho
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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Massett MP, Avila JJ, Kim SK. Exercise Capacity and Response to Training Quantitative Trait Loci in a NZW X 129S1 Intercross and Combined Cross Analysis of Inbred Mouse Strains. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145741. [PMID: 26710100 PMCID: PMC4692404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors determining exercise capacity and the magnitude of the response to exercise training are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with exercise training in mice. Based on marked differences in training responses in inbred NZW (-0.65 ± 1.73 min) and 129S1 (6.18 ± 3.81 min) mice, a reciprocal intercross breeding scheme was used to generate 285 F2 mice. All F2 mice completed an exercise performance test before and after a 4-week treadmill running program, resulting in an increase in exercise capacity of 1.54 ± 3.69 min (range = -10 to +12 min). Genome-wide linkage scans were performed for pre-training, post-training, and change in run time. For pre-training exercise time, suggestive QTL were identified on Chromosomes 5 (57.4 cM, 2.5 LOD) and 6 (47.8 cM, 2.9 LOD). A significant QTL for post-training exercise capacity was identified on Chromosome 5 (43.4 cM, 4.1 LOD) and a suggestive QTL on Chromosomes 1 (55.7 cM, 2.3 LOD) and 8 (66.1 cM, 2.2 LOD). A suggestive QTL for the change in run time was identified on Chromosome 6 (37.8 cM, 2.7 LOD). To identify shared QTL, this data set was combined with data from a previous F2 cross between B6 and FVB strains. In the combined cross analysis, significant novel QTL for pre-training exercise time and change in exercise time were identified on Chromosome 12 (54.0 cM, 3.6 LOD) and Chromosome 6 (28.0 cM, 3.7 LOD), respectively. Collectively, these data suggest that combined cross analysis can be used to identify novel QTL and narrow the confidence interval of QTL for exercise capacity and responses to training. Furthermore, these data support the use of larger and more diverse mapping populations to identify the genetic basis for exercise capacity and responses to training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Massett
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joshua J. Avila
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Seung Kyum Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Koehn DR, Meyer KJ, Anderson MG. Genetic Evidence for Differential Regulation of Corneal Epithelial and Stromal Thickness. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:5599-607. [PMID: 26305532 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Central corneal thickness (CCT) is a quantitative trait associated with keratoconus and primary open-angle glaucoma. Although CCT is highly heritable, known genetic variations explain only a fraction of the phenotypic variability. The purpose of this study was to identify additional CCT-influencing loci using inbred strains of mice. METHODS Cohorts of 82 backcrossed (N2) and 99 intercrossed (F2) mice were generated from crosses between recombinant inbred BXD24/TyJ and wild-derived CAST/EiJ mice. Using anterior chamber optical coherence tomography, mice were phenotyped at 10 to 12 weeks of age, genotyped based on 96 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and subjected to quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. RESULTS In an analysis of total CCT among all mice, two loci passed the significance threshold of P = 0.05. These were on Chr 3 and Chr 11 (Cctq4 and Cctq5, respectively). A third locus of interest was identified in a two-dimensional pairwise analysis; this locus on Chr 14 (Cctq6) exhibited a significant additive effect with Cctq5. Independent analyses of the dataset for epithelial and stromal thickness revealed that Cctq4 is specific to the epithelial layer and that Cctq5 and Cctq6 are specific to the stromal layer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a quantitative multigenic pattern of CCT inheritance in mice and identify three previously unrecognized CCT-influencing loci: Cctq4, Cctq5, and Cctq6. This is the first demonstration that distinct layers of the cornea are under differential genetic control and highlights the need to refine the design of future genome-wide association studies of CCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demelza R Koehn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Kacie J Meyer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Michael G Anderson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 3Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Lo
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26
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Validation of simple sequence length polymorphism regions of commonly used mouse strains for marker assisted speed congenics screening. Int J Genomics 2015; 2015:735845. [PMID: 25815306 PMCID: PMC4359823 DOI: 10.1155/2015/735845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Marker assisted speed congenics technique is commonly used to facilitate backcrossing of mouse strains in nearly half the time it normally takes otherwise. Traditionally, the technique is performed by analyzing PCR amplified regions of simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) markers between the recipient and donor strains: offspring with the highest number of markers showing the recipient genome across all chromosomes is chosen for the next generation. Although there are well-defined panels of SSLP makers established between certain pairs of mice strains, they are incomplete for most strains. The availability of well-established marker sets for speed congenic screens would enable the scientific community to transfer mutations across strain backgrounds. In this study, we tested the suitability of over 400 SSLP marker sets among 10 mouse strains commonly used for generating genetically engineered models. The panel of markers presented here can readily identify the specified strains and will be quite useful in marker assisted speed congenic screens. Moreover, unlike newer single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array methods which require sophisticated equipment, the SSLP markers panel described here only uses PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis of amplified products; therefore it can be performed in most research laboratories.
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Didion JP, Buus RJ, Naghashfar Z, Threadgill DW, Morse HC, de Villena FPM. SNP array profiling of mouse cell lines identifies their strains of origin and reveals cross-contamination and widespread aneuploidy. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:847. [PMID: 25277546 PMCID: PMC4198738 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The crisis of Misidentified and contaminated cell lines have plagued the biological research community for decades. Some repositories and journals have heeded calls for mandatory authentication of human cell lines, yet misidentification of mouse cell lines has received little publicity despite their importance in sponsored research. Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is the standard authentication method, but it may fail to distinguish cell lines derived from the same inbred strain of mice. Additionally, STR profiling does not reveal karyotypic changes that occur in some high-passage lines and may have functional consequences. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiling has been suggested as a more accurate and versatile alternative to STR profiling; however, a high-throughput method for SNP-based authentication of mouse cell lines has not been described. RESULTS We have developed computational methods (Cell Line Authentication by SNP Profiling, CLASP) for cell line authentication and copy number analysis based on a cost-efficient SNP array, and we provide a reference database of commonly used mouse strains and cell lines. We show that CLASP readily discriminates among cell lines of diverse taxonomic origins, including multiple cell lines derived from a single inbred strain, intercross or wild caught mouse. CLASP is also capable of detecting contaminants present at concentrations as low as 5%. Of the 99 cell lines we tested, 15 exhibited substantial divergence from the reported genetic background. In all cases, we were able to distinguish whether the authentication failure was due to misidentification (one cell line, Ba/F3), the presence of multiple strain backgrounds (five cell lines), contamination by other cells and/or the presence of aneuploid chromosomes (nine cell lines). CONCLUSIONS Misidentification and contamination of mouse cell lines is potentially as widespread as it is in human cell culture. This may have substantial implications for studies that are dependent on the expected background of their cell cultures. Laboratories can mitigate these risks by regular authentication of their cell cultures. Our results demonstrate that SNP array profiling is an effective method to combat cell line misidentification.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Didion
- />Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264 USA
- />Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264 USA
- />Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264 USA
| | - Ryan J Buus
- />Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264 USA
- />Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264 USA
- />Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264 USA
| | - Zohreh Naghashfar
- />Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Twinbrook I, Room 1421, 5640 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - David W Threadgill
- />Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- />Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Herbert C Morse
- />Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Twinbrook I, Room 1421, 5640 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- />Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264 USA
- />Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264 USA
- />Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264 USA
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Szymanska H, Lechowska-Piskorowska J, Krysiak E, Strzalkowska A, Unrug-Bielawska K, Grygalewicz B, Skurzak HM, Pienkowska-Grela B, Gajewska M. Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic Lesions in Aging Mice of Unique and Common Inbred Strains Contribution to Modeling of Human Neoplastic Diseases. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:663-79. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985813501334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of spontaneous lesions in classical inbred strains of mice has become increasingly important because genetically engineered mice (GEMs) are created on these backgrounds. Novel inbred strains—genetically diverse from classic strains—are valuable both as a new background for GEM mice and to increase the genetic variation found in laboratory mice. Newly arising spontaneous genetic alterations in commonly used strains may also lead to new and valuable mouse models of disease. This report evaluates gross and histological lesions in relatively new, classic, and rarely explored mouse inbred strains. Pathological lesions of 1273 mice from 12 inbred strains (129S1/SvW, A.CA- H2f/W, AKR/W, BALB/cW, BN/aW, C57BL/6 W, C57BL/10 W, C3H/W, C3H wad/W, CBA/W, DBA/2 W, and WOM/W) are reported. BN/aW, WOM/W, and C3H wad/W are novel inbred strains produced and maintained in the Department of Genetics and Laboratory Animal Breeding at the Center of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland. Both neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions were examined. The prevalence of lung neoplasms was significantly higher in A.CA- H2f/W (33.3%) and BALB/cW (33.8%) mice ( P < .01). The prevalence of liver neoplasms was significantly higher in the CBA/W strain ( P < .01). Mammary gland neoplasms arose at a greater frequency in C3H/W mice ( P < .01). The occurrence of uterine neoplasms was higher in DBA/W and 129S1/SvW mice. AKR/W and WOM/W mice developed T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma with high frequency (110/121 [90.9%] and 159/175 [90.9%], respectively) before 1 year of age. The occurrence of nonneoplastic lesions in the kidneys of BN/aW mice was increased ( P < .01).
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Szymanska
- Department of Genetics and Laboratory Animal Breeding, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. Lechowska-Piskorowska
- Department of Genetics and Laboratory Animal Breeding, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. Krysiak
- Department of Genetics and Laboratory Animal Breeding, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Strzalkowska
- Department of Genetics and Laboratory Animal Breeding, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Unrug-Bielawska
- Department of Genetics and Laboratory Animal Breeding, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B. Grygalewicz
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H. M. Skurzak
- Department of Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B. Pienkowska-Grela
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Gajewska
- Department of Genetics and Laboratory Animal Breeding, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Taft RA, Low BE, Byers SL, Murray SA, Kutny P, Wiles MV. The perfect host: a mouse host embryo facilitating more efficient germ line transmission of genetically modified embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67826. [PMID: 23844102 PMCID: PMC3699516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a continual need to improve efficiency in creating precise genetic modifications in mice using embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We describe a novel approach resulting in 100% germline transmission from competent injected ESCs. We developed an F1 mouse host embryo (Perfect Host, PH) that selectively ablates its own germ cells via tissue-specific induction of diphtheria toxin. This approach allows competent microinjected ESCs to fully dominate the germline, eliminating competition for this critical niche in the developing and adult animal. This is in contrast to conventional methods, where competition from host germ cells results in offspring derived from host cells and ESCs, necessitating extensive breeding of chimeras and genotyping to identify germline. The germline transmission process is also complicated by variability in the actual number of ESCs that colonize the germline niche and the proportion that are germline competent. To validate the PH approach we used ESC lines derived from 129 F1, BALB/cByJ, and BTBR backgrounds as well as an iPS line. Resulting chimeric males produced 194 offspring, all paternally derived from the introduced stem cells, with no offspring being derived from the host genome. We further tested this approach using eleven genetically modified C57BL/6N ESC lines (International Knockout Mouse Consortium). ESC germline transmission was observed in 9/11 (82%) lines using PH blastocysts, compared to 6/11 (55%) when conventional host blastocysts were used. Furthermore, less than 35% (83/240) of mice born in the first litters from conventional chimeras were confirmed to be of ESC-origin. By comparison, 100% (137/137) of the first litter offspring of PH chimeras were confirmed as ESC-derived. Together, these data demonstrate that the PH approach increases the probability of germline transmission and speeds the generation of ESC derived animals from chimeras. Collectively, this approach reduces the time and costs inherent in the production of genetically modified animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Taft
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Benjamin E. Low
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Shannon L. Byers
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Murray
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Peter Kutny
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Wiles
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Manzl C, Baumgartner F, Peintner L, Schuler F, Villunger A. Possible pitfalls investigating cell death responses in genetically engineered mouse models and derived cell lines. Methods 2013; 61:130-7. [PMID: 23454286 PMCID: PMC3693039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models are frequently used to identify pathophysiological consequences of deregulated cell death. Targeting pro-apoptotic or anti-apoptotic proteins of the extrinsic or intrinsic apoptotic signalling cascade is state of the art since more than two decades. Such animal models have been increasingly made use of over the past years to study loss- or gain-of-function consequences of one or more components of the molecular machinery leading to cell death. These studies have helped to separate redundant from non-redundant functions of apoptosis-related proteins in normal physiology and sometimes unravelled unexpected phenotypes. However, correct interpretation of data derived from knockout mice or derived cells and cell lines is often flawed by the comparison of cells originating from different inbred or mixed genetic backgrounds. Here we want to highlight some basic problems associated with genetic background-based modulation of cell death sensitivity and describe some methods that we use to investigate cell death responses in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Thereby, we show that hematopoietic cells derived from wild type mice on a C57BL/6:129/SvJ recombinant mixed genetic background are significantly more resistant to spontaneous cell death or DNA-damage induced apoptosis in vitro than cells derived from inbred C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, we show as an example that C57BL/6 mice are more susceptible to γ-irradiation induced cell death after whole body irradiation in vivo and subsequent T cell lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Bonaparte (Convenor) D, Cinelli P, Douni E, Hérault Y, Maas A, Pakarinen P, Poutanen M, Lafuente MS, Scavizzi F. FELASA guidelines for the refinement of methods for genotyping genetically-modified rodents. Lab Anim 2013; 47:134-45. [DOI: 10.1177/0023677212473918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of genetically-modified (GM) animals as research models continues to grow. The completion of the mouse genome sequence, together with the high-throughput international effort to introduce mutations across the mouse genome in the embryonic stem (ES) cells ( www.knockoutmouse.org ) facilitates an efficient way to obtain mutated mouse strains as research models. The increasing number of available mutated mouse strains and their combinations, together with the increasing complexity in the targeting approaches used, reinforces the need for guidelines that will provide information about the mouse strains and the robust and reliable methods used for their genotyping. This information, however, should be obtained with a method causing minimal discomfort to the experimental animals. We have, therefore, compiled the present document which summarizes the currently available methods for obtaining genotype information. It provides updated guidelines concerning animal identification, DNA sampling and genotyping, and the information to be kept and distributed for any mutated rodent strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Bonaparte (Convenor)
- SPCAL, Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciências em Animais de Laboratório
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- SGV, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Versuchstierkunde
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eleni Douni
- HSBLAS, Hellenic Society of Biomedical and Laboratory Animal Science
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Science Research Center ‘Alexander Fleming’, Athens, Greece
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yann Hérault
- AFSTAL, Association Française des Sciences et Techniques de l'Animal de Laboratoire
- Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Institut de Génétique de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Alex Maas
- NVP, Nederlandse Vereniging voor Proefdierkunde
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pirjo Pakarinen
- ScandLAS, Scandinavian Society for Laboratory Animal Science
- Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- ScandLAS, Scandinavian Society for Laboratory Animal Science
- Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mirentxu Santos Lafuente
- SECAL, Sociedad Española para las Ciencias del Animal de Laboratorio
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- AISAL Associazione Italiana per le Scienze degli Animali da Laboratorio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare, European Mouse Mutant Archive, Monterotondo, Italy
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Fahey JR, Katoh H, Malcolm R, Perez AV. The case for genetic monitoring of mice and rats used in biomedical research. Mamm Genome 2013; 24:89-94. [PMID: 23314661 PMCID: PMC3627018 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is the potential to generate over 200,000 mutant mouse strains between existing mouse strains (over 24,000) and genetically modified mouse embryonic stem cells (over 209,000) that have been entered into the International Mouse Strain Resource Center (IMSR) from laboratories and repositories all over the world. The number of rat strains is also increasing exponentially. These mouse and rat mutants are a tremendous genetic resource; however, the awareness of their genetic integrity such as genetic background and genotyping of these models is not always carefully monitored. In this review, we make a case for the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS), which is interested in promoting and helping academic institutions develop a genetic monitoring program to bring a level of genetic quality assurance into the scientific interchange and use of mouse and rat genetically mutant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Fahey
- Laboratory Animal Health Services Department, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
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Henley KD, Gooding KA, Economides AN, Gannon M. Inactivation of the dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor Sostdc1 enhances pancreatic islet function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E752-61. [PMID: 22829579 PMCID: PMC3468431 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00531.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current endeavors in the type 2 diabetes (T2D) field include gaining a better understanding of extracellular signaling pathways that regulate pancreatic islet function. Recent data suggest that both Bmp and Wnt pathways are operative in pancreatic islets and play a positive role in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Our laboratory found the dual Bmp and Wnt antagonist Sostdc1 to be upregulated in a mouse model of islet dysmorphogenesis and nonimmune-mediated lean diabetes. Because Bmp signaling has been proposed to enhance β-cell function, we evaluated the role of Sostdc1 in adult islet function using animals in which Sostdc1 was globally deleted. While Sostdc1-null animals exhibited no pancreas development phenotype, a subset of mutants exhibited enhanced insulin secretion and improved glucose homeostasis compared with control animals after 12-wk exposure to high-fat diet. Loss of Sostdc1 in the setting of metabolic stress results in altered expression of Bmp-responsive genes in islets but did not affect expression of Wnt target genes, suggesting that Sostdc1 primarily regulates the Bmp pathway in the murine pancreas. Furthermore, our data indicate that removal of Sostdc1 enhances the downregulation of the closely related Bmp inhibitors Ctgf and Gremlin in islets after 8-wk exposure to high-fat diet. These data imply that Sostdc1 regulates expression of these inhibitors and provide a means by which Sostdc1-null animals show enhanced insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Our studies provide insights into Bmp pathway regulation in the endocrine pancreas and reveal new avenues for improving β-cell function under metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D Henley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-0475, USA
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Reifenberg K, Cheng F, Orning C, Crain J, Küpper I, Wiese E, Protschka M, Blessing M, Lackner KJ, Torzewski M. Overexpression of TGF-ß1 in macrophages reduces and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-deficient mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40990. [PMID: 22829904 PMCID: PMC3400574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although macrophages represent the hallmark of both human and murine atherosclerotic lesions and have been shown to express TGF-ß1 (transforming growth factor β1) and its receptors, it has so far not been experimentally addressed whether the pleiotropic cytokine TGF-ß1 may influence atherogenesis by a macrophage specific mechanism. We developed transgenic mice with macrophage specific TGF-ß1 overexpression, crossed the transgenics to the atherosclerotic ApoE (apolipoprotein E) knock-out strain and quantitatively analyzed both atherosclerotic lesion development and composition of the resulting double mutants. Compared with control ApoE−/− mice, animals with macrophage specific TGF-ß1 overexpression developed significantly less atherosclerosis after 24 weeks on the WTD (Western type diet) as indicated by aortic plaque area en face (p<0.05). Reduced atherosclerotic lesion development was associated with significantly less macrophages (p<0.05 after both 8 and 24 weeks on the WTD), significantly more smooth muscle cells (SMCs; p<0.01 after 24 weeks on the WTD), significantly more collagen (p<0.01 and p<0.05 after 16 and 24 weeks on the WTD, respectively) without significant differences of inner aortic arch intima thickness or the number of total macrophages in the mice pointing to a plaque stabilizing effect of macrophage-specific TGF-ß1 overexpression. Our data shows that macrophage specific TGF-ß1 overexpression reduces and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Reifenberg
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fei Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carolin Orning
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jeanine Crain
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ines Küpper
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Wiese
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martina Protschka
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred Blessing
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karl J. Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Torzewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Bryant CD, Parker CC, Zhou L, Olker C, Chandrasekaran RY, Wager TT, Bolivar VJ, Loudon AS, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW, Palmer AA. Csnk1e is a genetic regulator of sensitivity to psychostimulants and opioids. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:1026-35. [PMID: 22089318 PMCID: PMC3280656 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Csnk1e, the gene encoding casein kinase 1-epsilon, has been implicated in sensitivity to amphetamines. Additionally, a polymorphism in CSNK1E was associated with heroin addiction, suggesting that this gene may also affect opioid sensitivity. In this study, we first conducted genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of methamphetamine (MA)-induced locomotor activity in C57BL/6J (B6) × DBA/2J (D2)-F(2) mice and a more highly recombinant F(8) advanced intercross line. We identified a QTL on chromosome 15 that contained Csnk1e (63-86 Mb; Csnk1e=79.25 Mb). We replicated this result and further narrowed the locus using B6.D2(Csnk1e) and D2.B6(Csnk1e) reciprocal congenic lines (78-86.8 and 78.7-81.6 Mb, respectively). This locus also affected sensitivity to the μ-opioid receptor agonist fentanyl. Next, we directly tested the hypothesis that Csnk1e is a genetic regulator of sensitivity to psychostimulants and opioids. Mice harboring a null allele of Csnk1e showed an increase in locomotor activity following MA administration. Consistent with this result, coadministration of a selective pharmacological inhibitor of Csnk1e (PF-4800567) increased the locomotor stimulant response to both MA and fentanyl. These results show that a narrow genetic locus that contains Csnk1e is associated with differences in sensitivity to MA and fentanyl. Furthermore, gene knockout and selective pharmacological inhibition of Csnk1e define its role as a negative regulator of sensitivity to psychostimulants and opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camron D Bryant
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clarissa C Parker
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lili Zhou
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Olker
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Travis T Wager
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research Development, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Valerie J Bolivar
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S Loudon
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martha H Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Fred W Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E 58th Street, CLSC 507D, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel: +1 773 834 2897, Fax: +1 773 834 0505, E-mail:
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Munder A, Wölbeling F, Kerber-Momot T, Wedekind D, Baumann U, Gulbins E, Tümmler B. Acute intratracheal Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis mice is age-independent. Respir Res 2011; 12:148. [PMID: 22059807 PMCID: PMC3248876 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the discovery of the human CFTR gene in 1989 various mouse models for cystic fibrosis (CF) have been generated and used as a very suitable and popular tool to approach research on this life-threatening disease. Age related changes regarding the course of disease and susceptibility towards pulmonary infections have been discussed in numerous studies. Methods Here, we investigated CftrTgH(neoim)Hgu and Cftrtm1Unc-Tg(FABPCFTR)1Jaw/J CF mice and their non-CF littermates during an acute lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa for age dependent effects of their lung function and immune response. Mice younger than three or older than six months were intratracheally infected with P. aeruginosa TBCF10839. The infection was monitored by lung function of the animals using non-invasive head-out spirometry and the time course of physiological parameters over 192 hours. Quantitative bacteriology and lung histopathology of a subgroup of animals were used as endpoint parameters. Results Age-dependent changes in lung function and characteristic features for CF like a shallower, faster breathing pattern were observed in both CF mouse models in uninfected state. In contrast infected CF mice did not significantly differ from their non-CF littermates in susceptibility and severity of lung infection in both mouse models and age groups. The transgenic Cftrtm1Unc-Tg(FABPCFTR)1Jaw/J and their non-CF littermates showed a milder course of infection than the CftrTgH(neoim)Hgu CF and their congenic C57Bl/6J non-CF mice suggesting that the genetic background was more important for outcome than Cftr dysfunction. Conclusions Previous investigations of the same mouse lines have shown a higher airway susceptibility of older CF mice to intranasally applied P. aeruginosa. The different outcome of intranasal and intratracheal instillation of bacteria implies that infected CF epithelium is impaired during the initial colonization of upper airways, but not in the subsequent response of host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Munder
- Clinical Research Group, Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Lo CL, Shen F, Baumgarner K, Cramer MJ, Lossie AC. Identification of 129S6/SvEvTac-specific polymorphisms on mouse chromosome 11. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 31:402-14. [PMID: 21988490 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (Indels) can be associated with phenotypic traits and be used as markers for disease diagnosis. Identification of these genetic variations within laboratory mice is crucial to improve our understanding of the genetic background of the mice used for research. As part of a positional cloning project, we sequenced six genes (Mettl16, Evi2a, Psmd11, Cct6d, Rffl, and Ap2b1) within a 6.8-Mb domain of mmu chr 11 in the C57BL/6J and 129S6/SvEvTac inbred strains. Although 129S6/SvEvTac is widely used in the mouse community, there is very little current (or projected future) sequence information available for this strain. We identified 6 Indels and 21 novel SNPs and confirmed genotype information for 114 additional SNPs in these 6 genes. Mettl16 and Ap2b1 contained the largest numbers of variants between the C57BL/6J and 129S6/SvEvTac strains. In addition, we found five new SNPs between 129S6/SvEvTac and 129S1/SvImJ within the Ap2b1 locus. Although we did not detect differences between C57BL/6J and 129S6/SvEvTac within Evi2a, this locus contains a relatively high SNP density compared with the surrounding sequence. Our study highlights the genetic differences among three inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6J, 129S6/SvEvTac, and 129S1/SvImJ) and provides valuable sequence information that can be used to track alleles in genomics-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Ling Lo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Parker CC, Cheng R, Sokoloff G, Lim JE, Skol AD, Abney M, Palmer AA. Fine-mapping alleles for body weight in LG/J × SM/J F₂ and F(34) advanced intercross lines. Mamm Genome 2011; 22:563-71. [PMID: 21761260 PMCID: PMC3308133 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study measured variation in body weight using a combined analysis in an F(2) intercross and an F(34) advanced intercross line (AIL). Both crosses were derived from inbred LG/J and SM/J mice, which were selected for large and small body size prior to inbreeding. Body weight was measured at 62 (± 5) days of age. Using an integrated GWAS and forward model selection approach, we identified 11 significant QTLs that affected body weight on ten different chromosomes. With these results we developed a full model that explained over 18% of the phenotypic variance. The median 1.5-LOD support interval was 5.55 Mb, which is a significant improvement over most prior body weight QTLs. We identified nonsynonymous coding SNPs between LG/J and SM/J mice in order to further narrow the list of candidate genes. Three of the genes with nonsynonymous coding SNPs (Rad23b, Stk33, and Anks1b) have been associated with adiposity, waist circumference, and body mass index in human GWAS, thus providing evidence that these genes may underlie our QTLs. Our results demonstrate that a relatively small number of loci contribute significantly to the phenotypic variance in body weight, which is in marked contrast to the situation in humans. This difference is likely to be the result of strong selective pressure and the simplified genetic architecture, both of which are important advantages of our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa C. Parker
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E 58th St., CLSC-507D, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Riyan Cheng
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E 58th St., CLSC-507D, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Greta Sokoloff
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E 58th St., CLSC-507D, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jackie E. Lim
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew D. Skol
- Department of Medicine, Section for Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark Abney
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E 58th St., CLSC-507D, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E 58th St., CLSC-507D, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis to compare quantity and stability of isolated murine DNA. Lab Anim (NY) 2010; 39:283-9. [DOI: 10.1038/laban0910-283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Hutchins LN, Ding Y, Szatkiewicz JP, Von Smith R, Yang H, de Villena FPM, Churchill GA, Graber JH. CGDSNPdb: a database resource for error-checked and imputed mouse SNPs. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2010; 2010:baq008. [PMID: 20624716 PMCID: PMC2911843 DOI: 10.1093/database/baq008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Center for Genome Dynamics Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database (CGDSNPdb) is an open-source value-added database with more than nine million mouse single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), drawn from multiple sources, with genotypes assigned to multiple inbred strains of laboratory mice. All SNPs are checked for accuracy and annotated for properties specific to the SNP as well as those implied by changes to overlapping protein-coding genes. CGDSNPdb serves as the primary interface to two unique data sets, the ‘imputed genotype resource’ in which a Hidden Markov Model was used to assess local haplotypes and the most probable base assignment at several million genomic loci in tens of strains of mice, and the Affymetrix Mouse Diversity Genotyping Array, a high density microarray with over 600 000 SNPs and over 900 000 invariant genomic probes. CGDSNPdb is accessible online through either a web-based query tool or a MySQL public login. Database URL:http://cgd.jax.org/cgdsnpdb/
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie N Hutchins
- Center for Genome Dynamics, The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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41
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Capes-Davis A, Theodosopoulos G, Atkin I, Drexler HG, Kohara A, MacLeod RAF, Masters JR, Nakamura Y, Reid YA, Reddel RR, Freshney RI. Check your cultures! A list of cross-contaminated or misidentified cell lines. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:1-8. [PMID: 20143388 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cell lines consist of cultured cells derived from a specific donor and tissue of origin that have acquired the ability to proliferate indefinitely. These cell lines are well-recognized models for the study of health and disease, particularly for cancer. However, there are cautions to be aware of when using continuous cell lines, including the possibility of contamination, in which a foreign cell line or microorganism is introduced without the handler's knowledge. Cross-contamination, in which the contaminant is another cell line, was first recognized in the 1950s but, disturbingly, remains a serious issue today. Many cell lines become cross-contaminated early, so that subsequent experimental work has been performed only on the contaminant, masquerading under a different name. What can be done in response-how can a researcher know if their own cell lines are cross-contaminated? Two practical responses are suggested here. First, it is important to check the literature, looking for previous work on cross-contamination. Some reports may be difficult to find and to make these more accessible, we have compiled a list of known cross-contaminated cell lines. The list currently contains 360 cell lines, drawn from 68 references. Most contaminants arise within the same species, with HeLa still the most frequently encountered (29%, 106/360) among human cell lines, but interspecies contaminants account for a small but substantial minority of cases (9%, 33/360). Second, even if there are no previous publications on cross-contamination for that cell line, it is essential to check the sample itself by performing authentication testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Capes-Davis
- CellBank Australia - Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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Massett MP, Fan R, Berk BC. Quantitative trait loci for exercise training responses in FVB/NJ and C57BL/6J mice. Physiol Genomics 2009; 40:15-22. [PMID: 19789284 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00116.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic factors determining the magnitude of the response to exercise training are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with adaptation to exercise training in a cross between FVB/NJ (FVB) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice. Mice completed an exercise performance test before and after a 4-wk treadmill running program, and changes in exercise capacity, expressed as work (kg.m), were calculated. Changes in work in F(2) mice averaged 1.51 +/- 0.08 kg.m (94.3 +/- 7.3%), with a range of -1.67 to +4.55 kg.m. All F(2) mice (n = 188) were genotyped at 20-cM intervals with 103 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and genomewide linkage scans were performed for pretraining, posttraining, and change in work. Significant QTL for pretraining work were located on chromosomes 14 at 4.0 cM [3.72 logarithm of odds (LOD)] and 19 at 34.4 cM (3.63 LOD). For posttraining work significant QTL were located on chromosomes 3 at 60 cM (4.66 LOD) and 14 at 26 cM (4.99 LOD). Suggestive QTL for changes in work were found on chromosomes 11 at 44.6 cM (2.30 LOD) and 14 at 36 cM (2.25 LOD). When pretraining work was used as a covariate, a potential QTL for change in work was identified on chromosome 6 at 68 cM (3.56 LOD). These data indicate that one or more QTL determine exercise capacity and training responses in mice. Furthermore, these data suggest that the genes that determine pretraining work and training responses may differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Massett
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845-4243, USA.
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Panici JA, Wang F, Bonkowski MS, Spong A, Bartke A, Pawlikowska L, Kwok PY, Masternak MM. Is altered expression of hepatic insulin-related genes in growth hormone receptor knockout mice due to GH resistance or a difference in biological life spans? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64:1126-33. [PMID: 19706698 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice live about 40%-55% longer than their normal (N) littermates. Previous studies of 21-month-old GHRKO and N mice showed major alterations of the hepatic expression of genes involved in insulin signaling. Differences detected at this age may have been caused by the knockout of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) or by differences in biological age between GHRKO and N mice. To address this question, we compared GHRKO and N mice at ages corresponding to the same percentage of median life span to see if the differences of gene expression persisted. Comparison of GHRKO and N mice at approximately 50% of biological life span showed significant differences in hepatic expression of all 14 analyzed genes. We conclude that these changes are due to disruption of GHR gene and the consequent suppression of growth hormone signaling rather than to differences in "biological age" between mutant and normal animals sampled at the same chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Panici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Springfield, IL 62794-9628, USA
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Feng M, Deerhake ME, Keating R, Thaisz J, Xu L, Tsaih SW, Smith R, Ishige T, Sugiyama F, Churchill GA, DiPetrillo K. Genetic analysis of blood pressure in 8 mouse intercross populations. Hypertension 2009; 54:802-9. [PMID: 19652078 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.134569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genetic basis of hypertension is well established, yet very few genes that cause common forms of hypertension are known. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses in rodent models can guide the search for human hypertension genes, but the excellent genetic resources for mice have been underused in this regard. To address this issue, we surveyed blood pressure variation in mice from 37 inbred strains and generated 2577 mice in 8 intercross populations to perform QTL analyses of blood pressure. We identified 14 blood pressure QTL in these populations, including > or =7 regions of the mouse genome not linked previously to blood pressure. Many QTL were detected in multiple crosses, either within our study or in studies published previously, which facilitates the use of bioinformatics methods to narrow the QTL and focus the search for candidate genes. The regions of the human genome that correspond to all but 1 of the 14 blood pressure QTL in mice are linked to blood pressure in humans, suggesting that these regions contain causal genes with a conserved role in blood pressure control. These results greatly expand our knowledge of the genomic regions underlying blood pressure regulation in mice and support future studies to identify the causal genes within these QTL intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Feng
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
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Shang H, Wei H, Yue B, Xu P, Huang H. Microsatellite analysis in two populations of Kunming mice. Lab Anim 2009; 43:34-40. [PMID: 19141464 DOI: 10.1258/la.2008.008098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Kunming mice are the most widely used outbred colony in China. Differences in biological characters and drug reactions among different populations have been observed when using Kunming mice. But the molecular genetic profiles of Kunming mice and the extent of genetic differentiation among populations are unclear. Fifteen microsatellite markers were screened by a fluorescence-based semi-automated genotyping method for the two main populations of Kunming mice from Beijing (BJ) and Shanghai (SH) in China. The observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, observed heterozygosity, unbiased expected heterozygosity and Shannon information index were used to estimate the genetic variation within the populations. A total of 89 alleles were detected in the two populations, with two to 12 at each locus, and the mean unbiased expected heterozygosity was 0.5724, which implies that there is abundant genetic variation in the populations of Kunming mice. Population differentiation was shown by shared alleles, F-statistics, Nei genetic distance and Nei genetic identity. In population BJ and population SH, respectively, only 35 of 61 and 35 of 63 alleles were shared by both. The Fst per locus varied from 0.0131 (D2Mit30) to 0.5697 (D7Mit281) and the average Fst of all loci was 0.1433, which indicates moderate genetic differentiation between the two Kunming mouse populations. The differences were also observed by Nei's [Genetic distance between populations. Am Nat 1972;106:283-92](1) genetic distance (0.3987) and Nei's [Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 1978;89:583-90](2) unbiased measures of genetic distance (0.3881) estimates of subdivision. This research on Kunming mouse genetic diversity will assist in developing a national plan for the unification and standardization of the populations of Kunming mice in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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CUI SF. Application of Dual-color Fluorescence Hybridization Chip Technique in the Monitoring of the Genetic Quality of Inbred Mice Strains. Zool Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1141.2008.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Accelerated prion disease pathogenesis in Toll-like receptor 4 signaling-mutant mice. J Virol 2008; 82:10701-8. [PMID: 18715916 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00522-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases such as scrapie involve the accumulation of disease-specific prion protein, PrP(Sc), in the brain. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of proteins that recognize microbial constituents and are central players in host innate immune responses. The TLR9 agonist unmethylated CpG DNA was shown to prolong the scrapie incubation period in mice, suggesting that innate immune activation interferes with prion disease progression. Thus, it was predicted that ablation of TLR signaling would result in accelerated pathogenesis. C3H/HeJ (Tlr4(Lps-d)) mice, which possess a mutation in the TLR4 intracellular domain preventing TLR4 signaling, and strain-matched wild-type control (C3H/HeOuJ) mice were infected intracerebrally or intraperitoneally with various doses of scrapie inoculum. Incubation periods were significantly shortened in C3H/HeJ compared with C3H/HeOuJ mice, regardless of the route of infection or dose administered. At the clinical phase of disease, brain PrP(Sc) levels in the two strains of mice showed no significant differences by Western blotting. In addition, compared with macrophages from C3H/HeOuJ mice, those from C3H/HeJ mice were unresponsive to fibrillogenic PrP peptides (PrP residues 106 to 126 [PrP(106-126)] and PrP(118-135)) and the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide but not to the TLR2 agonist zymosan, as measured by cytokine production. These data confirm that innate immune activation via TLR signaling interferes with scrapie infection. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the scrapie pathogen, or a component(s) thereof, is capable of stimulating an innate immune response that is active in the central nervous system, since C3H/HeJ mice, which lack the response, exhibit shortened incubation periods following both intraperitoneal and intracerebral infections.
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Shao Y, Wang J, Qiao Y, He Y, Cao W. Morphological Variability Between Wild Populations and Inbred Stocks of a Chinese Minnow, Gobiocypris rarus. Zoolog Sci 2007; 24:1094-102. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.24.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sheehan S, Tsaih SW, King BL, Stanton C, Churchill GA, Paigen B, DiPetrillo K. Genetic analysis of albuminuria in a cross between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293:F1649-56. [PMID: 17804484 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00233.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing medical problem and a significant risk factor for the development of end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular mortality. The genetic basis of CKD is recognized, but knowledge of the specific genes that contribute to the onset and progression of kidney disease is limited, mainly because of the difficulty and expense of identifying genes underlying CKD in humans. Results from genetic studies of CKD in rodents often correspond to findings in humans; therefore, we used quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to detect genomic regions affecting albuminuria in a cross between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice, strains resistant and susceptible to CKD, respectively. We identified several independent and interacting loci affecting albuminuria, including one QTL on mouse chromosome (Chr) 2 that is concordant with QTL influencing urinary albumin excretion on rat Chr 3 and diabetic nephropathy on human Chr 20p. Because this QTL was identified in multiple mouse crosses, as well as in rats and in humans, we used comparative genomics, haplotype analysis, and expression profiling to narrow the initial QTL interval from 386 genes to 10 genes with known coding sequence polymorphisms or expression differences between the strains. These results support the continued use of multiple cross-mapping and cross-species comparisons to further our understanding of the genetic basis of kidney disease.
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Peters LL, Robledo RF, Bult CJ, Churchill GA, Paigen BJ, Svenson KL. The mouse as a model for human biology: a resource guide for complex trait analysis. Nat Rev Genet 2007; 8:58-69. [PMID: 17173058 DOI: 10.1038/nrg2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mouse has been a powerful force in elucidating the genetic basis of human physiology and pathophysiology. From its beginnings as the model organism for cancer research and transplantation biology to the present, when dissection of the genetic basis of complex disease is at the forefront of genomics research, an enormous and remarkable mouse resource infrastructure has accumulated. This review summarizes those resources and provides practical guidelines for their use, particularly in the analysis of quantitative traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanne L Peters
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.
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