1
|
Zhang X, Liang L, Wang F, Jose PA, Chen K, Zeng C. Irisin-Encapsulated Mitochondria-Targeted Biomimetic Nanotherapeutics for Alleviating Acute Kidney Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402805. [PMID: 39119832 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the sudden decrease in renal function that can be attributed to dysregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and impaired mitochondrial function. Irisin, a type I membrane protein secreted by skeletal muscles in response to physical activity, has been reported to alleviate kidney damage through regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. In this study, a macrophage membrane-coated metal-organic framework (MCM@MOF) is developed as a nanocarrier for encapsulating irisin to overcome the inherent characteristics of irisin, including a short circulation time, limited kidney-targeting ability, and low membrane permeability. The engineered irisin-mediated biomimetic nanotherapeutics have extended circulation time and enhanced targeting capability toward injured kidneys due to the preservation of macrophage membrane proteins. The irisin-encapsulated biomimetic nanotherapeutics effectively mitigate acute ischemia-reperfusion injury by protecting mitochondrial function and modulating SOD2 levels in renal tubular epithelial cells. The present study provides novel insights to advance the development of irisin as a potential therapeutic approach for AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Lijia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 401147, P. R. China
| | - Fengxian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine and Pharmacology-Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parkin RA, Murray AJ. The therapeutic potential of irisin to mitigate the risk of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2024; 6:1355922. [PMID: 39040132 PMCID: PMC11260725 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2024.1355922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oestradiol withdrawal at menopause predisposes women to metabolic syndrome, a cluster of interrelated conditions including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension that together confer an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Hormone replacement therapies are commonly used to treat acute symptoms of the perimenopausal period, and whilst they have been associated with metabolic improvements in many studies, long-term use is considered unviable. Novel approaches are required to mitigate the risk of postmenopausal metabolic syndrome. In 2012, the exercise-inducible myokine irisin was isolated from the skeletal muscle of mice and identified to have anti-obesity and antidiabetic effects in vivo. Irisin is now recognised to exert pleiotropic action on cognitive, bone and metabolic health. There is accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo rodent studies that irisin can mitigate each component condition of metabolic syndrome. In postmenopausal women, independent associations have been observed between (a) exercise and plasma irisin concentration and (b) plasma irisin concentration and reduced incidence of metabolic syndrome. To date, however, no study has considered the mechanistic basis by which irisin, whether exercise-induced or exogenously administered, could reduce the incidence or severity of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. This review aims to analyse the literature concerning the metabolic actions of irisin, with a focus on its therapeutic potential for metabolic syndrome driven by a state of oestradiol depletion. It evaluates the practicality of exercise as a therapy and discusses other irisin-based therapeutic strategies that may alleviate postmenopausal metabolic syndrome. Finally, it highlights areas where future research is required to advance knowledge of irisin's biological action such that it could be considered a viable candidate for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gluvic Z, Obradovic M, Manojlovic M, Vincenza Giglio R, Maria Patti A, Ciaccio M, Suri JS, Rizzo M, Isenovic ER. Impact of different hormones on the regulation of nitric oxide in diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 592:112325. [PMID: 38968968 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Polymetabolic syndrome achieved pandemic proportions and dramatically influenced public health systems functioning worldwide. Chronic vascular complications are the major contributors to increased morbidity, disability, and mortality rates in diabetes patients. Nitric oxide (NO) is among the most important vascular bed function regulators. However, NO homeostasis is significantly deranged in pathological conditions. Additionally, different hormones directly or indirectly affect NO production and activity and subsequently act on vascular physiology. In this paper, we summarize the recent literature data related to the effects of insulin, estradiol, insulin-like growth factor-1, ghrelin, angiotensin II and irisin on the NO regulation in physiological and diabetes circumstances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Gluvic
- University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mia Manojlovic
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Maria Patti
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, 95661, USA
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Internal Medicine Unit, "Vittorio Emanuele II" Hospital, Castelvetrano, Italy
| | - Esma R Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang T, Yi Q, Huang W, Feng J, Liu H. New insights into the roles of Irisin in diabetic cardiomyopathy and vascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116631. [PMID: 38663105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease in the 21st century due to increased lifespan and unhealthy lifestyle choices. Extensive research indicates that exercise can play a significant role in regulating systemic metabolism by improving energy metabolism and mitigating various metabolic disorders, including DM. Irisin, a well-known exerkine, was initially reported to enhance energy expenditure by indicating the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Irisin on glucose dysmetabolism, including reducing gluconeogenesis, enhancing insulin energy expenditure, and promoting glycogenesis. Additionally, we highlight Irisin's potential to improve diabetic vascular diseases by stimulating nitric oxide (NO) production, reducing oxidative and nitrosative stress, curbing inflammation, and attenuating endothelial cell aging. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of Irisin to improve diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing cardiomyocyte loss and reducing myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Given Irisin's promising functions in managing diabetic cardiomyopathy and vascular diseases, targeting Irisin for therapeutic purposes could be a fruitful avenue for future research and clinical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiandong Zhang
- Collage of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Collage of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; The Third People's Hospital of Longmatan District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Guo L, Wang C, Peng P, Wu J, Zhang H, Liu F, Li Q. Can irisin be developed as the molecular evolutionary clock based on the origin and functions? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 352:114515. [PMID: 38582177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Irisin, a myokine identified in 2012, has garnered research interest for its capacity to induce browning of adipocytes and improve metabolic parameters. As such, the potential therapeutic applications of this exercise-induced peptide continue to be explored. Though present across diverse animal species, sequence analysis has revealed subtle variation in the irisin protein. In this review, we consider the effects of irisin on disease states in light of its molecular evolution. We summarize current evidence for irisin's influence on pathologies and discuss how sequence changes may inform development of irisin-based therapies. Furthermore, we propose that the phylogenetic variations in irisin could potentially be leveraged as a molecular clock to elucidate evolutionary relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Lijun Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Peng Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Huaidong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, PR China.
| | - Qin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Horwitz A, Birk R. Irisin Ameliorate Acute Pancreatitis and Acinar Cell Viability through Modulation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and PPARγ-PGC1α-FNDC5 Pathways. Biomolecules 2024; 14:643. [PMID: 38927047 PMCID: PMC11201894 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) entails pancreatic inflammation, tissue damage and dysregulated enzyme secretion, including pancreatic lipase (PL). The role of irisin, an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic cytokine, in AP and exocrine pancreatic stress is unclear. We have previously shown that irisin regulates PL through the PPARγ-PGC1α-FNDC5 pathway. In this study, we investigated irisin and irisin's pathway on AP in in vitro (AR42J-B13) and ex vivo (rat primary acinar) models using molecular, biochemical and immunohistochemistry methodology. Pancreatitis induction (cerulein (cer)) resulted in a significant up-regulation of the PPARγ-PGC1α-FNDC5 axis, PL expression and secretion and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress unfolded protein response (UPR) signal-transduction markers (CHOP, XBP-1 and ATF6). Irisin addition in the cer-pancreatitis state resulted in a significant down-regulation of the PPARγ-PGC1α-FNDC5 axis, PPARγ nucleus-translocation and inflammatory state (TNFα and IL-6) in parallel to diminished PL expression and secretion (in vitro and ex vivo models). Irisin addition up-regulated the expression of pro-survival UPR markers (ATF6 and XBP-1) and reduced UPR pro-apoptotic markers (CHOP) under cer-pancreatitis and induced ER stress (tunicamycin), consequently increasing cells viability. Irisin's pro-survival effect under cer-pancreatitis state was abolished under PPARγ inhibition. Our findings suggest irisin as a potential therapeutic option for AP via its ability to up-regulate pro-survival UPR signals and activate the PPARγ-PGC1α-FNDC5 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Birk
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang S, Hu S, Pan Y. The emerging roles of irisin in vascular calcification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1337995. [PMID: 38405155 PMCID: PMC10884194 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1337995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a common accompanying pathological change in many chronic diseases, which is caused by calcium deposition in the blood vessel wall and leads to abnormal blood vessel function. With the progress of medical technology, the diagnosis rate of vascular calcification has explosively increased. However, due to its mechanism's complexity, no effective drug can relieve or even reverse vascular calcification. Irisin is a myogenic cytokine regulating adipose tissue browning, energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, and other physiological processes. Previous studies have shown that irisin could serve as a predictor for vascular calcification, and protect against hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and other risk factors for vascular calcification. In terms of mechanism, it improves vascular endothelial dysfunction and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells. All the above evidence suggests that irisin plays a predictive and protective role in vascular calcification. In this review, we summarize the association of irisin to the related risk factors for vascular calcification and mainly explore the role of irisin in vascular calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siwang Hu
- The Orthopaedic Center, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuping Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuhuan Second People’s Hospital, Yuhuan, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Grzeszczuk M, Dzięgiel P, Nowińska K. The Role of FNDC5/Irisin in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2024; 13:277. [PMID: 38334669 PMCID: PMC10854770 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Disorders of cardiomyocyte metabolism play a crucial role in many cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In myocardial infarction, cardiomyocyte metabolism is regulated by mitochondrial changes and biogenesis, which allows energy homeostasis. There are many proteins in cells that regulate and control metabolic processes. One of them is irisin (Ir), which is released from the transmembrane protein FNDC5. Initial studies indicated that Ir is a myokine secreted mainly by skeletal muscles. Further studies showed that Ir was also present in various tissues. However, its highest levels were observed in cardiomyocytes. Ir is responsible for many processes, including the conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) to brown adipose tissue (BAT) by increasing the expression of thermogenin (UCP1). In addition, Ir affects mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, the levels of FNDC5/Ir in the blood and myocardium may be important in cardiovascular disease. This review discusses the current knowledge about the role of FNDC5/Ir in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Grzeszczuk
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (P.D.)
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (P.D.)
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nowińska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nilofer Sagana MK, Arul Senghor KA, Vinodhini VM, P R. Irisin and Triglyceride Glucose Index as Markers of Dyslipidemia in Young Adults. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:136-141. [PMID: 38223008 PMCID: PMC10784433 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Irisin, is a new myokine, considered a favorable metabolic factor and inversely associated with non-communicable diseases. The biological activities of irisin are currently unknown; however, they include browning white adipose tissue, insulin sensitivity, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Triglyceride glucose index is a notable insulin resistance marker that predicts the risk of metabolic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk. The study aimed to evaluate the relation of irisin and Triglyceride glucose index (TyG) in young adults to assess the cardiovascular risk. This observational cross-sectional study included 80 participants aged 18 to 35 years (male and females) with cut-off TyG > 4.5 as the prime criteria. With consent, anthropometric measurements were documented. Fasting lipid profile parameters were analyzed, and atherogenic lipid ratios and TyG index were calculated. Serum irisin was analyzed in Bio-Rad ELISA using a standardized Abbkine kit. Decreased irisin levels (0.32 ± 0.04ng/ml) and increased TyG index (4.95 ± 0.012) were observed in the participants with elevated triglyceride levels. The lipid profile parameters and atherogenic lipid ratios were observed to be elevated in males as compared to females. Correlation of irisin with lipid parameters revealed statistically significant positive correlation with HDLc (r = + 0.305) and negative correlation with non-HDLc (r = - 0.393), TC/HDLc (r = -0.508), LDLc/HDLc (r= -0.475) and TyG (r = -0.28). The study concludes that decreased irisin and increased TyG index in young adults reflect the state of metabolic dyslipidemia which enables the identification of individuals with metabolic and atherogenic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Nilofer Sagana
- MSc. Medical biochemistry, Final year SRM Medical college Hospital and Research centre, SRM IST, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, India
| | - K. A. Arul Senghor
- Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical college Hospital and Research centre, Kattankulathur, India
| | - V. M. Vinodhini
- Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical college Hospital and Research centre, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Renuka P
- Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical college Hospital and Research centre, Kattankulathur, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang QX, Zhang LJ, Zhao N, Chang SH, Yang L. FNDC5/Irisin protects neurons through Caspase3 and Bax pathways. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3912. [PMID: 38269519 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Irisin is a glycosylated protein formed from the hydrolysis of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Recent studies have demonstrated that FNDC5/Irisin is involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, it can inhibit inflammation and have neuroprotective effects. However, the effect and mechanism of FNDC5/Irisin on motor neuron-like cell lines (NSC-34) have not been reported. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide to construct cellular oxidative stress injury models and investigated the potential roles of FNDC5/Irisin on neurons by different cellular and molecular pathways. Taken together, our findings showed that FNDC5/Irisin can protect neurons, and this effect might be associated with Caspase3 and Bax pathways. These results laid the foundation for neuronal protection and clinical translation of FNDC5/Irisin therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Chang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen M, Zhang M, Mao N, Lin Z. Batokine in Central Nervous System Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:7021-7031. [PMID: 37526894 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03490-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a special type of fat tissue in mammals and is also a key endocrine organ in the human body. Batokine, the endocrine effector of BAT, plays a neuroprotective role and improves the prognosis by exerting anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as by improving vascular endothelial function and other mechanisms in nerve injury diseases. The present article briefly reviewed several types of batokines related to central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Following this, the potential therapeutic value and future research direction of batokines for CNS diseases were chiefly discussed from the aspects of protective mechanism and signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Niping Mao
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Wang M, Wang Y. Irisin: A Potentially Fresh Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Aging. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1112. [PMID: 38029393 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural process that affects all living organisms, including humans. Aging is a complex process that involves the gradual deterioration of various biological processes and systems, including the cardiovascular system. Vascular aging refers to age-related changes in blood vessels. These changes can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and stroke. Recently, an exercise-induced muscle factor, irisin, was found to directly improve metabolism and regulate the balance of glucolipid metabolism, thereby counteracting obesity and insulin resistance. Based on a growing body of evidence, irisin modulates vascular aging. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as a pivotal cellular energy sensor and metabolic modulator, acting as a central signaling cascade to coordinate various cellular processes necessary for maintaining vascular homeostasis. The vascular regulatory effects of irisin are closely intertwined with its interaction with the AMPK pathway. In conclusion, understanding the molecular processes used by irisin to regulate changes in vascular diseases caused by aging may inspire the development of techniques that promote healthy vascular aging. This review sought to describe the impact of irisin on the molecular mechanisms of vascular aging, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetics, from the perspective of endothelial cell function and vascular macroregulation, and summarize the multiple signaling pathways used by irisin to regulate vascular aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Manying Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanveer Y, Saif U, Lim Y. Serum Irisin Levels Are Inversely Correlated With the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Confirmed by Coronary Angiography: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e41475. [PMID: 37546057 PMCID: PMC10404147 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Irisin, a newly discovered myokine, has been reported for its role in coronary artery disease (CAD), which is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of CAD. Irisin has been reported to reduce atherosclerosis by improving endothelial function and inhibiting inflammation via iNOS/NF-κB pathways. We sought to investigate the relationship between serum irisin levels and the severity of CAD that is confirmed with coronary angiography. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was designed between the Chemical Pathology and Cardiology departments at KEMU/Mayo Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Patients were divided into group A with mild CAD (<50% stenosis) and group B with moderate-severe CAD (>50% stenosis). Serum was collected from venous blood, and irisin levels were analyzed by ELISA. Inclusion criteria: patients with stable CAD. Exclusion criteria: History of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), active or chronic infection, hepatic or renal dysfunction. Results The mean + SD age (years) of patients in group B (57.0±9.5) was significantly higher than group A (50.0±13.7). Irisin levels (μg/ml) were significantly higher in group A (15.3±4.6) than in group B (9.3±2.4). Irisin levels were significantly negatively correlated with the severity of CAD (% stenosis). Conclusion Serum irisin levels are low in patients with moderate to severe CAD, and they are negatively correlated with the severity of CAD (% stenosis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousaf Tanveer
- Internal Medicine, Craigavon Area Hospital, Northern Ireland, GBR
- Internal Medicine, King Edward Memorial University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Unaizah Saif
- Internal Medicine, King Edward Memorial University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Yizhe Lim
- Internal Medicine, Craigavon Area Hospital, Northern Ireland, GBR
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Carmona-Maurici J, Rosa A, Azcona-Granada N, Peña E, Ricart-Jané D, Viñas A, López-Tejero MD, Domingo JC, Miñarro A, Baena-Fustegueras JA, Peinado-Onsurbe J, Pardina E. Irisin as a Novel Biomarker of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Severe Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098171. [PMID: 37175880 PMCID: PMC10179106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe obesity (SO) can accelerate atherosclerosis and the onset of acute cardiovascular events. The diagnosis of atherosclerosis in the context of a high body mass index (BMI) can be challenging, making the identification of biomarkers clinically relevant. We aimed to assess the usefulness of irisin as a biomarker for subclinical atherosclerosis in participants with SO. This prospective observational study included 61 participants undergoing bariatric surgery for SO, defined as a BMI >40 kg/m2 or >35 kg/m2 with at least one comorbidity. Atherosclerotic plaques were detected by ultrasound. Plasma samples were obtained 1 month before and at 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery to measure irisin by ELISA. Additionally, subcutaneous samples of adipose tissue were taken and genotyped to identify irisin polymorphism rs3480. Irisin levels were positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.23, p = 0.0064), negatively correlated with atheroma-related parameters (e.g., carotid intima-media thickness), and lower in subjects with atheroma (p < 0.0002). Irisin also showed good overall accuracy for discriminating plaque presence (AUC, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.6956-0.9156). However, the rs3480 polymorphism correlated with neither the irisin levels nor the presence of atheromas. Iirisin could identify subclinical atherosclerosis in SO and might facilitate clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Carmona-Maurici
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli Rosa
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Azcona-Granada
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elionora Peña
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Ricart-Jané
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Viñas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores López-Tejero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Miñarro
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Baena-Fustegueras
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Peinado-Onsurbe
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Pardina
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu JF, Su G, Chen LX, Zhou JP, Gao J, Zhang JJ, Wu QH, Chen W, Chen DY, Zhang ZC. Irisin Attenuates Apoptosis Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Improved Mitochondria Dynamics and ROS Suppression Mediated Through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03336-5. [PMID: 37060502 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Irisin is a muscle-derived hormone that promotes the survival of motor neurons and enhances muscle size following injury. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects and mechanism(s) of action of irisin in response to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Right-middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) models were generated in C57BL/6 J mice. Mouse neuronal cell lines (NSC-34) were used to confirm the molecular mechanisms of the protection afforded by irisin in response to CIRI. We found that irisin (250 μg/kg) improved cerebral function and reduced the cerebral infarct volume following CIRI. Irisin also protected neuronal cells against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced apoptosis, assessed via TUNEL, and cleaved Caspase-3 staining. Western blotting of neuronal tissue from irisin treated I/R mice showed lower expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-9 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01) and increased levels of the pro-survival protein Bcl-2 (P < 0.01 & P < 0.001 vs. I/R). Irisin also reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) characterized through malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. Irisin was found to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis through the suppression of mitochondrial fission-linked dynamin-related protein 1 in CIRI mice (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 v. I/R cohort). Moreover, mitochondrial fusion-related protein (Mfn2) and Opa1 expression were rescued following irisin treatment (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 v. I/R cohort). Cell-based assays showed that irisin activates PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in the neurons of CIRI mice. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of irisin on NSC-34 cell-survival, mitochondrial function, and ROS generation were reversed by VS-5584, a highly specific PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor. Collectively, these data highlight the ability of irisin to alleviate CIRI in vivo and in vitro. The mechanisms of action of irisin include the attenuation of apoptosis through the prevention of mitochondrial fission and increased mitochondrial fusion and the alleviation of oxidative stress through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. We therefore identify irisin as a much-needed therapeutic for CIRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Fei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Gang Su
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Juan-Ping Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Qiong-Hui Wu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - De-Yi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Zhen-Chang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu X, Zhou R, Ying J, Li X, Lu R, Qu Y, Mu D. Irisin prevents hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and protecting the blood-brain barrier. Peptides 2023; 161:170945. [PMID: 36623553 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is associated with excessive inflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Irisin can reduce inflammation and ameliorate oxidative stress; however, its effects on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborns are unknown. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to hypoxic-ischemic injury and irisin treatment. TUNEL staining assays, the albumin-Evans blue dye extravasation method, an antioxidants detection kit, quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy were used to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the prevention of HIE by irisin. We discovered that rats affected by HIE and administered irisin had lower levels of IL-6 (but not TNF-α or IL-1β) less oxidative stress, and enhanced blood-brain barrier integrity. Irisin can effectively attenuate brain damage by reducing oxidative stress and protecting the blood-brain barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanpei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Ruixi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruifeng Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Foad AM, Hafez A, Youssef W, Ahmed AE, Altaher AM. Irisin expression and FNDC5 (rs3480) gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetic patients with and without CAD. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-6. [PMID: 36732920 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2173785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin was found to correlate with coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients. This study investigated the association of irisin and FNDC5 (SNP rs3480) with the presence and severity of CAD in T2DM. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with T2DM divided into two groups, DM group (n = 50), including patients without CAD and CAD group (n = 50), including those confirmed to have CAD by coronary angiography. Irisin was measured. SNP rs3480 genotyping of FNDC5 was done. RESULTS Irisin levels were significantly lower in the CAD group (p < 0.001). The CAD group had significantly higher HbA1c and lower HDL (p < 0.001). Patients with controlled DM had significantly higher irisin levels (p < 0.001). single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3480 was not associated with irisin levels, and the FNDC5 rs3480 AA reference allele was significantly associated with significant CAD. CONCLUSION Irisin appears to be protective against developing CAD in diabetic patients. Irisin level was an independent predictor of significant CAD in diabetic patients combined with the FNDC5 rs3480 genotype. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04957823.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amera Morad Foad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Alshimaa Hafez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Wael Youssef
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsharawy Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ali Mohamad Altaher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu Y, Liu Z, Tao X, Li J, Hou Z, Guo X, Zhou D, Wang M, Zhu B. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate alleviates trans, trans-2,4-decadienal-induced endothelial pyroptosis and dysfunction by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
|
19
|
Ismail MA, Mounir O, Sedky A, Algahlan HA, Abda EA, Radwan AR, Abozaid HS. Exists a role for serum irisin in Egyptian Behcet's patients with subclinical atherosclerosis? Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:179-186. [PMID: 36112245 PMCID: PMC9823020 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the serum irisin level in a group of Behcet's disease patients, its association with illness parameters, and its utility in diagnosing subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS This randomized case-control study included 50 patients and 50 age- and sex-matched controls. Carotid Doppler ultrasound for the measurement of the carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) were performed. A clinical evaluation, lipogram, and serum irisin were also performed. RESULTS Between the patients and the control group, there was a significant difference in CIMT, S. irisin level, and ankle-brachial pressure index; however, gender and BMI did not significantly affect CIMT, ABPI, or S. irisin level. CIMT demonstrated a substantial negative correlation with both S. irisin and ABPI (r = - 0.62, P 0.0001). With a sensitivity of up to 94.30% and a specificity of 93.30%, the ROC analysis revealed that a decrease in S. irisin level in Behcet's patients was indicative of subclinical atherosclerosis. The drop in the ABPI level demonstrated a sensitivity of up to 94.30% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSION Subclinical atherosclerosis is prevalent among Egyptian Behcet's patients, and S. irisin can be employed as a biomarker for diagnosing subclinical atherosclerosis in Behcet's illness. Key Points • Serum irisin has been studied in numerous autoimmune disorders as a marker for subclinical atherosclerosis, although its importance in Behcet's disease remains unclear (BD). • We examined the change in serum irisin levels in Behcet's disease patients and healthy controls. In addition, its association with carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and ankle-brachial pressure index was investigated (ABPI). • Changes in serum irisin levels are significant in BD, and a decrease in irisin level indicates subclinical atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ismail
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Sohag University Hospital, 82524, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ola Mounir
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Sohag University Hospital, 82524, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sedky
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Esam A Abda
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Assuit University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Radwan
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Sohag University Hospital, 82524, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hanan Sayed Abozaid
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Sohag University Hospital, 82524, Sohag, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ozturk D, Melekoglu A, Altinbilek E, Calik M, Kosem A, Kilci H, Misirlioglu NF, Uzun H. Association Between Serum Irisin Levels and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1355-1362. [PMID: 37089138 PMCID: PMC10120592 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s403564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a serious cardiovascular condition with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Irisin is adipomyokine that is associated with various health conditions. In post-STEMI, elevated serum irisin levels are associated with more adverse cardiovascular events. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between the serum irisin levels and acute MI (AMI) and whether irisin may be a useful biomarker for severity of AMI in patients with STEMI. Possible correlations between serum irisin and cardiac troponin-I (cTi) levels were investigated. Methods A total of 90 subjects (46 control subjects and 44 STEMI patients) were included in the study. Besides demographic data, presence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, electrocardiography (ECG) findings, blood biochemistry, cardiac biomarkers (cTi) and serum irisin levels were examined. Results Significantly lower heart rate (HR) and significantly higher ST-elevation and QTc interval were detected in ECG recordings in STEMI patients (p < 0.05). Serum irisin levels were significantly lower in STEMI patients compared to the control subjects (p < 0.001). The decrease in the serum irisin levels was significantly correlated with the increase in cTi levels, as well as increased QTc (p < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of irisin were found to be 93% and 78%, respectively. Conclusion Decreased irisin levels were found to be highly predictive in STEMI. In patients with STEMI, the serum irisin levels were associated with cTi levels and QTc, suggesting that irisin is a promising biomarker for AMI cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Ozturk
- Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Adem Melekoglu
- Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Altinbilek
- Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Calik
- Gaziosmanpasa Education and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency, İstanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence: Mustafa Calik, Gaziosmanpasa Education and Research Hospital, Emergency Department, İstanbul, 34255, Turkey, Email
| | - Arzu Kosem
- Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kilci
- Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Naile Fevziye Misirlioglu
- University of Health Sciences, Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Istanbul Atlas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hypoglycemic Effect of the N-Butanol Fraction of Torreya grandis Leaves on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rats through the Amelioration of Oxidative Stress and Enhancement of β-Cell Function. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5648896. [PMID: 36619301 PMCID: PMC9812625 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5648896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Materials and Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, T2DM, metformin, high-dose BFTL (800 mg/kg), middle-dose BFTL (400 mg/kg), and low-dose BFTL (200 mg/kg). After 4 weeks of BFTL treatment, the correlations of serum indicators with protein expression in tissue were determined, and pathological changes in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas were analyzed. Results Compared with the results in the T2DM group, serum fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the high-, middle-, and low-dose BFTL groups. The treatment also improved oral glucose tolerance. In addition, the pathological changes of the liver, kidney, and pancreas were improved by BFTL treatment. Cytochrome and caspase-3 expression in pancreatic was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by BFTL treatment, whereas the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Discussion and Conclusion. BFTL exerted significant hypoglycemic effect on T2DM model rats, and its mechanism involved the suppression of blood glucose levels and oxidative stress by improving the metabolism of blood lipids and antioxidant capacity, boosting β-cell function, and inhibiting β-cell apoptosis.
Collapse
|
22
|
ERGÜN E, OR KOCA A, BEYAN E, ERTUĞRUL DT, AKKAN T, DAL K. A new predictor for prediabetes: Chemerin. KONURALP TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.18521/ktd.1148541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: It was aimed to investigate irisin and chemerin levels in prediabetic individuals and their value in predicting prediabetes.
Method: Thirty-eight prediabetic patients aged 18-65 years (22 impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 10 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 6 patients with coexisting IFG and IGT) and thirty-five healthy volunteers were included in which was designed as a cross-sectional study. The basic demographic characteristics of all participants in the case and control groups were compared with the serum chemerin, irisin, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol), triglyceride (TG), free thyroxine (sT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.
Result: Serum chemerin level was found to be higher in the prediabetic group (p=0.03), while no significant difference was found for the irisin level between the two groups. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, we showed that chemerin was an independent risk factor in predicting prediabetes. There was a positive correlation (p=0.01, r=0.279) between all participants' body mass index (BMI) and chemerin level and a negative correlation between irisin level and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.04 r=-0.295, p=0.01 r=-0.407, respectively).
Conclusion: Chemerin is a new generation chemokine that predicts prediabetes. Studies aimed at irisin and chemerin may provide important role to prevent the prediabetes to Type 2 diabetes progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emine ERGÜN
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Keçiören Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
| | - Arzu OR KOCA
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
| | - Esin BEYAN
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Keçiören Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
| | | | - Tolga AKKAN
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Keçiören Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
| | - Kürşat DAL
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Keçiören Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu J, Cheng Y, Cui Y, Zhai Y, Zhang W, Zhang M, Xin W, Liang J, Pan X, Wang Q, Sun H. Anti-Seizure and Neuronal Protective Effects of Irisin in Kainic Acid-Induced Chronic Epilepsy Model with Spontaneous Seizures. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1347-1364. [PMID: 35821335 PMCID: PMC9672298 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased level of reactive oxygen species is a key factor in neuronal apoptosis and epileptic seizures. Irisin reportedly attenuates the apoptosis and injury induced by oxidative stress. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of exogenous irisin in a kainic acid (KA)-induced chronic spontaneous epilepsy rat model. The results indicated that exogenous irisin significantly attenuated the KA-induced neuronal injury, learning and memory defects, and seizures. Irisin treatment also increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which were initially reduced following KA administration. Furthermore, the specific inhibitor of UCP2 (genipin) was administered to evaluate the possible protective mechanism of irisin. The reduced apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and spontaneous seizures in rats treated with irisin were significantly reversed by genipin administration. Our findings indicated that neuronal injury in KA-induced chronic epilepsy might be related to reduced levels of BDNF and UCP2. Moreover, our results confirmed the inhibition of neuronal injury and epileptic seizures by exogenous irisin. The protective effects of irisin may be mediated through the BDNF-mediated UCP2 level. Our results thus highlight irisin as a valuable therapeutic strategy against neuronal injury and epileptic seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yaru Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yujie Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Wenshen Zhang
- The Sixth Scientific Research Department, Shandong Institute of Nonmetallic Materials, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Wenyu Xin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jia Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Hongliu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang J, Han Y, Wang M, Li H, Sun Y, Chen X. The inhibitory effect of Yam polysaccharides on acrylamide-induced programmed cell death in RAW 264.7 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:443-457. [PMID: 36655068 PMCID: PMC9834884 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide has been well known for its neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, etc. Recently, the immunotoxicity of acrylamide has been reported by different research groups, although the underlying mechanisms of acrylamide endangering immune systems have not been fully elucidated. In this study, mouse monocyte-macrophage cells model was used to clarify the toxic mechanism of acrylamide and the inhibitory effect of Yam polysaccharides (YPS) on acrylamide-induced damage. We found that acrylamide induced RAW 264.7 cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. After acrylamide (2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mmol/L) treatment for 24 h, cell apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis were observed. However, the levels of autophagy and pyroptosis decreased at a high concentration of acrylamide (4.0 mmol/L). Acrylamide upregulated P2X7 expression, but the P2X7 level was not showing a monotone increasing trend. When the P2X7 antagonist was applied, the effect of acrylamide on autophagy and pyroptosis was weakened. Additionally, acrylamide triggered the occurrence of oxidative stress and a decreased nitric oxide (NO) level. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the decrease of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and the increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were reversed by the inhibition of P2X7. Yam polysaccharides (50.0 μg/ml) significantly inhibited acrylamide-induced oxidative stress and cell death (including apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis). Yam polysaccharides also effectively reversed the increase of iNOS expression induced by acrylamide. However, Yam polysaccharides promoted the expression of P2X7 rather than prohibit it. These results indicated that acrylamide caused RAW 264.7 cell death due to pro-apoptosis as well as excessive autophagy and pyroptosis. Apoptosis might be more predominant than autophagy and pyroptosis under a higher concentration of acrylamide (4.0 mmol/L). P2X7-stimulated oxidative stress was responsible for acrylamide-induced programmed cell death (PCD), but P2X7 showed limited regulatory effect on apoptosis. Yam polysaccharides with antioxidant activity inhibited acrylamide-induced cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis), but exerted limited effect on the acrylamide-induced P2X7 expression. These findings would offer an insight into elucidating the immunotoxic mechanism of acrylamide and the potential approaches to control its toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'AnChina
| | - Ying Han
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'AnChina
| | | | - He Li
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'AnChina
| | - Yujiao Sun
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'AnChina
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'AnChina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Irisin, an Effective Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9090305. [PMID: 36135450 PMCID: PMC9503035 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9090305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin, as one of the myokines induced by exercise, has attracted much attention due to its important physiological functions such as white fat browning, the improvement in metabolism, and the alleviation of inflammation. Despite the positive role that irisin has been proven to play in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, whether it can become a biomarker and potential target for predicting and treating cardiovascular diseases remains controversial, given the unreliability of its detection methods, the uncertainty of its receptors, and the species differences between animals and humans. This paper was intended to review the role of irisin in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the potential molecular mechanism, and the urgent problems to be solved in hopes of advancing our understanding of irisin as well as providing data for the development of new and promising intervention strategies by discussing the causes of contradictory results.
Collapse
|
26
|
Irisin Ameliorates Oxidative Stress-Induced Injury in Pancreatic Beta-Cells by Inhibiting Txnip and Inducing Stat3-Trx2 Pathway Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4674215. [PMID: 36111165 PMCID: PMC9470320 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4674215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity can lead to beta-cell dysfunction and apoptosis because it induces oxidative stress. Recent studies have found that Irisin prevents pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction induced by palmitic acid (PA). However, an association between the protection against oxidative stress conferred by Irisin and beta-cell dysfunction has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we observed that Irisin treatment prevented INS-1 cell apoptosis induced by PA treatment and preserved the insulin-secreting function of INS-1 cells in vitro. These effects probably resulted from the Irisin-induced decrease in intracellular ROS levels triggered by PA treatment. In addition, PA treatment induced oxidative stress partially by inhibiting the activation of thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) through its increase of thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) expression. However, Irisin administration blocked the increase in Txnip expression, which reversed the PA-induced inactivation of Trx2. Irisin also increased the nuclear translocation of Stat3, and the inhibition of Stat3 by siRNAs blocked Irisin-induced Trx2 expression, indicating that both Txnip and Stat3 are involved in Irisin-induced activation of Trx2. Furthermore, blockade of Stat3 by siRNAs led to the decreased gene expression of MafA and Ins and to cessation of glucose-induced insulin secretion that had been enhanced by Irisin. In vivo, HFD treatment led to reduced glucose tolerance and an increase in the level of the oxidative marker malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to that in the control group. However, these effects were ameliorated by Irisin injection due to the inhibition of beta-cell apoptosis and the activation of Trx2, probably through Txnip inhibition and Stat3 activation. In conclusion, our results reveal a possible mechanism for Irisin-induced beta-cell protection, which is mediated through Txnip inhibition and activation of the Stat3-Trx2 pathway.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang B, Wang X, Gu Y, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, Wu H, Zhang S, Zhang T, Li H, Zhang J, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Huang J, Huo J, Zhang B, Ding G, Niu K. The association between grip strength and incident carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged and older adults: The TCLSIH cohort study. Maturitas 2022; 167:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
28
|
Yue R, Lv M, Lan M, Zheng Z, Tan X, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Pu J, Xu L, Hu H. Irisin protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via attenuating AMPK mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7415. [PMID: 35523819 PMCID: PMC9076689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a central role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Irisin has been reported to have protective properties in ischemia disease. In this study, we aimed at investigating whether irisin could alleviate myocardial I/R injury by ER stress attenuation. The in vitro model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was established, which resembles I/R in vivo. Cell viability and apoptosis were estimated. Expressions of cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome c, GRP78, pAMPK, CHOP, and eIF2α were assessed by western blot. Our results revealed that pre-treatment with irisin significantly decreased cytochrome c release from mitochondria and caspase-3 activation caused by H/R. Irsin also reduced apoptosis and increased cell viability. These effects were abolished by AMPK inhibitor compound C pre-treatment. Also, GRP78 and CHOP expressions were up-regulated in the H/R group compared to the control group; however, irisin attenuated their expression. The pAMPK level was significantly decreased compared to the control, and this effect could be partly reversed by metformin pre-treatment. These results suggest that ER stress is associated with cell viability decreasing and cardiomyocytes apoptosis induced by H/R. Irisin could efficiently protect cardiomyocytes from H/R-injury via attenuating ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongchuan Yue
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63, Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63, Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meide Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63, Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaiyong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63, Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63, Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63, Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Anesthesiology Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63, Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63, Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Guangyuan, No. 16, Jing Alley, Lizhou District, Guangyuan, 628000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Houxiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63, Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen J, Li K, Shao J, Lai Z, Gao R, Wang C, Song X, Guo W, Yu X, Du F, Zhu Z, Wang J, Ma J, Xu L, Zhou Y, Liu J, Shu K, Zhao H, Wang J, Liu B. Irisin Suppresses Nicotine-Mediated Atherosclerosis by Attenuating Endothelial Cell Migration, Proliferation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Cell Senescence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:851603. [PMID: 35463776 PMCID: PMC9023791 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.851603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic disease has become the major cause of death worldwide. Smoking, as a widespread independent risk factor, further strengthens the health burden of atherosclerosis. Irisin is a cytokine that increases after physical activity and shows an atheroprotective effect, while its specific mechanism in the process of atherosclerosis is little known. The reversal effect of irisin on intimal thickening induced by smoking-mediated atherosclerosis was identified in Apoe–/– mice through the integrin αVβ5 receptor. Endothelial cells treated with nicotine and irisin were further subjected to RNA-seq for further illustrating the potential mechanism of irisin in atherosclerosis, as well as the wound healing assays, CCK-8 assays, β-gal staining and cell cycle determination to confirm phenotypic alterations. Endothelial differential expressed gene enrichment showed focal adhesion for migration and proliferation, as well as the P53 signaling pathway for cell senescence and cell cycle control. Irisin exerts antagonistic effects on nicotine-mediated migration and proliferation via the integrin αVβ5/PI3K pathway. In addition, irisin inhibits nicotine-mediated endothelial senescence and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase via P53/P21 pathway. This study further illustrates the molecular mechanism of irisin in atherosclerosis and stresses its potential as an anti-atherosclerotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junye Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Shao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Lai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xitao Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Eight-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghe Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Four-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Eight-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Eight-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangyu Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Eight-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leyin Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Eight-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Eight-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keqiang Shu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hongmei Zhao,
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Jing Wang,
| | - Bao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bao Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Antioxidant Effects of Irisin in Liver Diseases: Mechanistic Insights. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3563518. [PMID: 35035659 PMCID: PMC8759828 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3563518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a crucial factor in the development of various liver diseases. Irisin, a metabolic hormone discovered in 2012, is mainly produced by proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) in skeletal muscles. Irisin is induced by physical exercise, and a rapidly growing body of literature suggests that irisin is, at least partially, responsible for the beneficial effects of regular exercise. The major biological function of irisin is believed to be involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. However, recent studies have suggested the therapeutic potential of irisin against a variety of liver diseases involving its antioxidative function. In this review, we aim to summarize the accumulating evidence demonstrating the antioxidative effects of irisin in liver diseases, with an emphasis on the current understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zheng S, Chen N, Kang X, Hu Y, Shi S. Irisin alleviates FFA induced β-cell insulin resistance and inflammatory response through activating PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. Endocrine 2022; 75:740-751. [PMID: 34546489 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Elevated free fatty acids-induced lipotoxicity may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of β-cell insulin resistance. Exercise-stimulated myokine irisin has been reported to be closely related to T2DM. However, its function on β-cell insulin signaling and the underlying mechanisms are only partially elucidated as yet. METHODS High-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice and palmitic acid-treated MIN6 cell models were utilized as lipotoxic models. Factors associated with β-cell insulin signaling transduction and inflammatory responses were assessed in these models. Furthermore, the role of irisin in β-cells and the underlying mechanisms were also explored. RESULTS Irisin effectively decreased lipid levels in HFD mice, enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and nullified the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in vivo and in vitro experiments. Moreover, irisin improved PI3K/AKT insulin signaling pathway and inhibited TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway in both islets of HFD mice and PA-treated MIN6 cells. Mechanistic analysis indicated that FOXO1 might serve as a bridge between the two pathways. CONCLUSION Irisin alleviates lipotoxicity-induced β-cell insulin resistance and inflammatory response through the activation of PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathways and the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. Irisin might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zheng
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ningxin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xingjian Kang
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yaomin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sheng Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Altaş M, Uca AU, Akdağ T, Odabaş FÖ, Tokgöz OS. Serum levels of irisin and nesfatin-1 in multiple sclerosis. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 80:161-167. [PMID: 35195223 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative autoimmune chronic neurological disease. Currently, there are no effective serum biomarkers to verify MS diagnosis, to assess disease prognosis, and evaluate response to MS treatment. OBJECTIVE The present study is a preliminary assessment of irisin and nesfatin-1 serum levels in patients with relapsing- remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS A total of 86 participants, 42 patients with RRMS diagnosis and 44 healthy controls were included in the study. The serum irisin and nesfatin-1 parameters of the patients and control group members were analyzed. RESULTS Irisin and nesfatin-1 levels of the RRMS patients were significantly lower than the controls (z: -3.82, p<0.001; z: -4.79, p<0.001, respectively) The cut-off level of irisin is 10.390 (ng/mL) (sensitivity: 84.1%, specificity: 71.4%, AUC: 0.800), and the cut-off level of nestatin-1 is 7.155 (ng/mL) (sensitivity: 68.2%, specificity: 64.3%, AUC: 0.739) in the ROC analysis. For these cut-off levels in the case-control groups, the lower irisin and nesfatin-1 levels are the independent variables for MS patients (OR 9.723, 95%CI 2.884-32.785, p<0.001; OR 3.992, 95%CI 1.336-11.928, p<0.001) respectively. CONCLUSION The present study revealed lower irisin and nesfatin-1 levels in patients with RRMS. These findings suggest that the decreased levels of irisin and nesfatin-1 peptides may contribute to MS pathogenesis such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in MS, leading to demyelination, axonal damage with neuronal loss, and gliosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Altaş
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Ulvi Uca
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Turan Akdağ
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Vocational School, Konya, Turkey
| | - Faruk Ömer Odabaş
- University of Health Sciences, Konya City Hospital, Department of Neurology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Osman Serhat Tokgöz
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Waseem R, Shamsi A, Mohammad T, Hassan MI, Kazim SN, Chaudhary AA, Rudayni HA, Al-Zharani M, Ahmad F, Islam A. FNDC5/Irisin: Physiology and Pathophysiology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031118. [PMID: 35164383 PMCID: PMC8838669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle or lack of physical activity increases the risk of different diseases, including obesity, diabetes, heart diseases, certain types of cancers, and some neurological diseases. Physical exercise helps improve quality of life and reduces the risk of many diseases. Irisin, a hormone induced by exercise, is a fragmented product of FNDC5 (a cell membrane protein) and acts as a linkage between muscles and other tissues. Over the past decade, it has become clear that irisin is a molecular mimic of exercise and shows various beneficial effects, such as browning of adipocytes, modulation of metabolic processes, regulation of bone metabolism, and functioning of the nervous system. Irisin has a role in carcinogenesis; numerous studies have shown its impact on migration, invasion, and proliferation of cancer cells. The receptor of irisin is not completely known; however, in some tissues it probably acts via a specific class of integrin receptors. Here, we review research from the past decade that has identified irisin as a potential therapeutic agent in the prevention or treatment of various metabolic-related and other diseases. This article delineates structural and biochemical aspects of irisin and provides an insight into the role of irisin in different pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Waseem
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; (R.W.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (M.I.H.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; (R.W.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (M.I.H.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; (R.W.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (M.I.H.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; (R.W.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (M.I.H.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Syed Naqui Kazim
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; (R.W.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (M.I.H.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.C.); (H.A.R.); (M.A.-Z.)
| | - Hassan Ahmed Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.C.); (H.A.R.); (M.A.-Z.)
| | - Mohammed Al-Zharani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.C.); (H.A.R.); (M.A.-Z.)
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; (R.W.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (M.I.H.); (S.N.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Raafat Ibrahim R, Shafik NM, El-Esawy RO, El-Sakaa MH, Arakeeb HM, El-Sharaby RM, Ali DA, Safwat El-deeb O, Ragab Abd El-Khalik S. The emerging role of irisin in experimentally induced arthritis: a recent update involving HMGB1/MCP1/Chitotriosidase I–mediated necroptosis. Redox Rep 2022; 27:21-31. [PMID: 35094663 PMCID: PMC8803109 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2031516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Methods Results Conclusions Abbreviations
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rowida Raafat Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Shafik
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Mervat H. El-Sakaa
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Arakeeb
- Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Dina Adam Ali
- Clinical pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Omnia Safwat El-deeb
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sara Ragab Abd El-Khalik
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang Y, Chen Q, Jiang Q, Zhao Z, Fang J, Chen L. Irisin lowers blood pressure in Zucker diabetic rats by regulating the functions of renal angiotensin II type 1 receptor via the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Peptides 2022; 147:170688. [PMID: 34800756 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin, a novel myokine, has been identified to exert a series of favorable effects on metabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity. This study aimed to explore the effects of chronic irisin administration on blood pressure and the related underlying mechanisms in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Male ZDF rats and Zucker lean (ZL) rats received a continuous subcutaneous infusion of irisin or saline for 4 weeks. Compared with ZL counterparts, ZDF rats reported higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), severer renal inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and impaired natriuresis and diuresis; they also had an elevated AT1R expression in renal cortex and augmented candesartan-induced natriuresis and diuresis. The irisin administration lowered SBP, improved diuretic and natriuretic effects, and reduced renal inflammation and oxidative stress in ZDF rats, along with decreased renal expression of AT1R and restored candesartan-mediated natriuresis and diuresis. Further experiments showed that irisin inhibited the translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus and the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, which may contribute to the reduced AT1R expression and function. CONCLUSIONS Irisin administration serves an anti-hypertensive role in ZDF rats by alleviating renal inflammation and oxidative stress, reducing the expression and impact of AT1R, and restoring natriuresis and diuresis. The underlying mechanism may involve the irisin-induced inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Lianglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang C, Chen J, Wang P, Qing S, Li W, Lu J. Endogenous Protective Factors and Potential Therapeutic Agents for Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:821028. [PMID: 35557850 PMCID: PMC9086429 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.821028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The complications of macrovascular atherosclerosis are the leading cause of disability and mortality in patients with diabetes. It is generally believed that the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications is initiated by the imbalance between injury and endogenous protective factors. Multiple endogenous protective factors secreted by endothelium, liver, skeletal muscle and other tissues are recognized of their importance in combating injury factors and maintaining the homeostasis of vasculatures in diabetes. Among them, glucagon-like peptide-1 based drugs were clinically proven to be effective and recommended as the first-line medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients with high risks or established arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some molecules such as irisin and lipoxins have recently been perceived as new protective factors on diabetic atherosclerosis, while the protective role of HDL has been reinterpreted since the failure of several clinical trials to raise HDL therapy on cardiovascular events. The current review aims to summarize systemic endogenous protective factors for diabetes-associated atherosclerosis and discuss their mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategy or their analogues. In particular, we focus on the existing barriers or obstacles that need to be overcome in developing new therapeutic approaches for macrovascular complications of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengli Qing
- Department of Pharmacology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Lu, ; Wenwen Li,
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Lu, ; Wenwen Li,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhu D, Zhang X, Wang F, Ye Q, Yang C, Liu D. Irisin rescues diabetic cardiac microvascular injury via ERK1/2/Nrf2/HO-1 mediated inhibition of oxidative stress. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 183:109170. [PMID: 34863716 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac microvascular dysfunction is a common feature across cardiovascular complications in diabetes, while effective therapy remains elusive. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of irisin on cardiac microvascular injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS T2DM was induced in C57BL/6J mice. A cohort diabetic mice received a 12-week treatment of irisin. Cardiac function and microvessel density were evaluated. Whether irisin directly regulates cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) function was determined in vitro. Discovery-drive approaches followed by cause-effect analysis were used to uncover the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Irisin improved cardiac function in diabetic mice, and increased microvessel density. In vitro study revealed that irisin promoted CMECs proliferation and reduced high glucose and high lipid (HGHL)-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, irisin increased mRNA and protein levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase 1 and superoxide dismutase 2, among which HO-1 ranked top. Irisin stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) 1/2 and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, while U0126 (the inhibitor of ERK1/2) inhibited irisin-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 expression. Nrf2 siRNA inhibited irisin's antioxidative effects. CONCLUSION Irisin could rescue cardiac microvessels against oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetes via ERK1/2/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Hospital of Troop 75600, 3002 Fuqiang Road, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Fenglin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qiao Ye
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Caizhe Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Demin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050010, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Al-Rawaf HA, Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Expression of Circulating MicroRNAs and Myokines and Interactions with Serum Osteopontin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Moderate and Poor Glycemic Control: A Biochemical and Molecular Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7453000. [PMID: 34917685 PMCID: PMC8670937 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7453000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular miRNAs are expressed in tissue fluids with sufficient amounts and were identified as potential molecular targets for studying the physiological mechanisms and correlations with many human diseases particularly diabetes. However, molecular-based changes among older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) are rarely fully elucidated. AIM This study is aimed at identifying circulating miRNAs, which hold the potential to serve as biomarkers for the immune-inflammatory changes in older T2D patients with moderate and poor glycemic control status. In addition, the association of both myokines and osteopontin (OPN) levels with circulating miRNAs was identified. METHODS A total of 80 subjects aged 20-80 years were invited during the period of October 2017-May 2018 to participate in this descriptive cross-sectional study. All subjects were diagnosed with T2D for more than 5 years. Subjects were grouped based on glycemic control (HbA1c values) into two groups: moderate glycemic control (>7-8% HbA1c, no = 30) and poor glycemic control (>8% HbA1c, no = 50), respectively. Diabetic control parameters, fasting blood sugar (FS), HbA1c, fasting insulin (IF), insulin resistance (IR), HOMA-IR, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, and CRP), osteopontin, and myokines (adropin and irisin) were estimated by colorimetric and immune ELISA assays, respectively. In addition, real-time RT-PCR analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of circulating miRNAs, miR-146a and miR-144, in the serum of all diabetic subjects. RESULTS In this study, T2D patients with poor glycemic control showed a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, CRP, and OPN and a reduction in the levels of myokines, adropin and irisin, compared to patients with moderate glycemic control. The results obtained are significantly correlated with the severity of diabetes measured by HbA1c, FS, IF, and HOMA-IR. In addition, baseline expression of miR-146a is significantly reduced and miR-144 is significantly increased in T2D patients with poor glycemic control compared to those with moderate glycemic control. In all diabetic groups, the expression of miR-146a and miR-144 is significantly correlated with diabetic controls, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and serum levels of OPN. Respective of gender, women with T2D showed more significant change in the expressed miRNAs, inflammatory cytokines, OPN, and serum myokine markers compared to men. ROC analysis identified AUC cutoff values of miR-146a, miR-144, adropin, irisin, and OPN expression levels with considerable specificity and sensitivity which recommends the potential use of adropin, irisin, and OPN as diagnostic biomarkers for diabetes with varying glycemic control status. CONCLUSION In this study, molecular expression of certain microRNA species, such as miR-146a and miR-144, was identified and significantly associated with parameters of disease severity, HbA1c, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and serum osteopontin in T2D patients with moderate and poor glycemic control. The AUC cutoff values of circulating miRNAs, miR-146a and miR-144; myokines, adropin and irisin; and serum OPN were significantly identified by ROC analysis which additionally recommends the potential use of these biomarkers, miR-146a, miR-144, adropin, irisin, and OPN, as diagnostic biomarkers with considerable specificity and sensitivity for diabetes in patients with varying glycemic control status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A. Al-Rawaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Gabr
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu R, Zhang Q, Peng N, Xu S, Zhang M, Hu Y, Chen Z, Tang K, He X, Li Y, Shi L. Inverse correlation between serum irisin and cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese overweight/obese population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:570. [PMID: 34847893 PMCID: PMC8638330 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irisin is a novel myokine associated with obesity, which is a traditional cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF). The present study aimed to investigate the association between serum irisin and a single CVRF as well as the clustering of CVRFs among Chinese overweight/obese population. Methods A total of 98 overweight and 93 obese subjects without clinical treatments were enrolled in this study. Subjects were then divided into two groups, based on the serum irisin level: a low irisin group (1.10–13.44 ng/ml) and a high irisin group (13.49–29.9 ng/ml). The clustering of CVRFs, smoking, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and hypertension, was classified as 0, 1, 2 and ≥ 3 CVRFs. The demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of all participants were collected and serum irisin was measured. Results The high serum irisin group had significantly higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but lower fasting plasma glucose than the low serum irisin group. Additionally, the high serum irisin group had a significantly lower prevalence of smoking, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia than the low serum irisin group. Increased serum irisin was significantly associated with a reduced risk of smoking and dyslipidemia in both the unadjusted and adjusted models. Furthermore, high serum irisin significantly reduced the risk of the prevalence of 1, 2 and ≥ 3 CVRFs. Conclusions among the Chinese overweight/obese populations, high serum irisin is negatively associated with smoking, dyslipidemia and the clustering of CVRFs. Thus, high serum irisin is potentially associated with a low risk of cardiovascular diseases in the Chinese overweight/obese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Nianchun Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Shujing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Lixin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Erzin G, Güriz O, Yalçındağ A, Kahıloğulları A, Örsel S. Could Irisin Levels be Affected by Physical Activity in Patients with Schizophrenia? CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 19:677-682. [PMID: 34690122 PMCID: PMC8553535 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.4.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the effect of physical activity and metabolic parameters on irisin levels in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. METHODS Ninety-six patients with schizophrenia and 63 healthy controls comprised the study population. The participants were separated into three groups: inactive, low activity, and sufficiently active according to International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF). We measured irisin levels using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. We also calculated exercise levels by using the IPAQ-SF for each individual. The independent samples ttest was used in the data analysis to compare irisin levels according to the activity levels of the patients with schizophrenia and controls. RESULTS The levels of irisin were higher in the healthy controls (p < 0.001) compared to schizophrenia groups. When the activity levels of the schizophrenia and healthy control groups were compared, the irisin levels of the low activity and sufficiently active groups with schizophrenia were found to be lower than those of the low activity and sufficiently active groups in the healthy controls (respectively p = 0.014; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Irisin levels could be affected by physical activity and these results must be supported with new studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Erzin
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences University Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Olga Güriz
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences University Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Yalçındağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Health Sciences University Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Akfer Kahıloğulları
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences University Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Örsel
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences University Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jo D, Song J. Irisin Acts via the PGC-1α and BDNF Pathway to Improve Depression-like Behavior. Clin Nutr Res 2021; 10:292-302. [PMID: 34796134 PMCID: PMC8575642 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2021.10.4.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder experienced by the world's population. Mechanisms associated with depression-like behavior have not been fully investigated. Among the therapeutic solution for depression, exercise is considered an important regulator attenuating depressive neuropathology. Exercise has been reported to boost the secretion of myokines such as irisin and myostatin in skeletal muscles. Myokines secreted during exercise are involved in various cellular responses including the endocrine and autocrine systems. Especially, irisin as a cleaved version of fibronectin domain-containing protein 5 has multiple functions such as white fat-browning, energy expenditure increase, anti-inflammatory effects, and mitochondrial function improvement in both systemic circulation and central nervous system. Furthermore, irisin activates energy metabolism-related signaling peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha and memory formation-related signaling brain-derived neurotrophic factor involved in depression. However, the role and mechanism of irisin in depression disorder is not obvious until now. Here, we review recent evidences regarding the therapeutic effect of irisin in depression disorder. We suggest that irisin is a key molecule that suppresses several neuropathological mechanisms involved in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Jo
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Irisin: A Promising Target for Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5391706. [PMID: 34745418 PMCID: PMC8570861 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5391706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is defined as the total combined damage that occurs during a period of ischemia and following the recovery of blood flow. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and an inflammatory response are factors contributing to IRI-related damage that can each result in cell death. Irisin is a polypeptide that is proteolytically cleaved from the extracellular domain of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin acts as a myokine that potentially mediates beneficial effects of exercise by reducing oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial fitness, and suppressing inflammation. The existing literature also suggests a possible link between irisin and IRI, involving mechanisms similar to those associated with exercise. This article will review the pathogenesis of IRI and the potential benefits and current limitations of irisin as a therapeutic strategy for IRI, while highlighting the mechanistic correlations between irisin and IRI.
Collapse
|
43
|
Serum irisin levels in patients with myasthenia gravis. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:2785-2790. [PMID: 34709479 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder whose main symptoms are muscle weakness and fatigue. Irisin is a novel skeletal muscle-derived myokine participating in several physiological and pathological processes. The initial objective of the project was to explore serum levels of irisin in patients with MG, as well as its correlation with disease severity. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated serum levels of irisin in 77 MG patients and 57 healthy controls (HCs) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, clinical parameters were measured properly. RESULTS Serum irisin levels were significantly elevated in MG patients compared with HCs (p < 0.001). Furthermore, serum irisin levels were associated with the myasthenia gravis activities of daily living score in ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) patients (r = 0.476, p = 0.004), but there was no relationship to be considered of any relevant value in generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG) patients. Acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive MG patients had higher serum irisin levels compared with HCs. Thymoma, endotracheal intubation, or intensive care unit treatments subsequently were not found to have effect on serum levels of irisin, but tendencies of increase were observed in negative ones. CONCLUSIONS Serum irisin levels were elevated in patients with MG, suggesting its possible involvement in MG. And irisin is expected to be a signal to evaluate the activities of daily living of OMG patients, while its effect needs further study.
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang L, Wang J, Zhao YT, Dubielecka P, Qin G, Zhuang S, Chin EY, Liu PY, Zhao TC. Deletion of PRAK Mitigates the Mitochondria Function and Suppresses Insulin Signaling in C2C12 Myoblasts Exposed to High Glucose. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:698714. [PMID: 34671252 PMCID: PMC8521062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.698714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: p38 regulated/activated protein kinase (PRAK) plays a crucial role in modulating cell death and survival. However, the role of PRAK in the regulation of metabolic stress remains unclear. We examined the effects of PRAK on cell survival and mitochondrial function in C2C12 myoblasts in response to high glucose stresses. Methods: PRAK of C2C12 myoblasts was knocked out by using CRISPR/Cas-9 genome editing technology. Both wild type and PRAK−/− C2C12 cells were exposed to high glucose at the concentration of 30 mmol/L to induce metabolic stress. The effect of irisin, an adipomyokine, on both wild type and PRAK−/− cells was determined to explore its relationship with RPAK. Cell viability, ATP product, glucose uptake, mitochondrial damage, and insulin signaling were assessed. Results: PRAK knockout decreased C2C12 viability in response to high glucose stress as evident by MTT assay in association with the reduction of ATP and glucose uptake. PRAK knockout enhanced apoptosis of C2C12 myoblasts in response to high glucose, consistent with an impairment in mitochondrial function, by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. PRAK knockout induced impairment of mitochondrial and cell damage were rescued by irisin. PRAK knockout caused decrease in phosphorylated PI3 kinase at Tyr 485, IRS-1 and AMPKα and but did not affect non-phosphorylated PI3 kinase, IRS-1 and AMPKα signaling. High glucose caused the further reduction of phosphorylated PI3 kinase, IRS-1 and AMPKα. Irisin treatment preserved phosphorylated PI3 kinase, IRS-1by rescuing PRAK in high glucose treatment. Conclusion: Our finding indicates a pivotal role of PRAK in preserving cellular survival, mitochondrial function, and high glucose stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Brown Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yu Tina Zhao
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Patrycja Dubielecka
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Brown Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Brown Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Eugene Y Chin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul Y Liu
- Department of Surgery and Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery and Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cheng Y, Cui Y, Zhai Y, Xin W, Yu Y, Liang J, Li S, Sun H. Neuroprotective Effects of Exogenous Irisin in Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:738533. [PMID: 34658794 PMCID: PMC8517324 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.738533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level is considered a crucial causative factor for neuronal damage in epilepsy. Irisin has been reported to ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction and to reduce ROS levels; therefore, in this study, the effect of exogenous irisin on neuronal injury was evaluated in rats with kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE). Our results showed that exogenous irisin treatment significantly increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and reduced the levels of neuronal injury and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Additionally, an inhibitor of UCP2 (genipin) was administered to investigate the underlying mechanism of irisin-induced neuroprotection; in rats treated with genipin, the neuroprotective effects of irisin on KA-induced SE were found to be partially reversed. Our findings confirmed the neuroprotective effects of exogenous irisin and provide evidence that these effects may be mediated via the BDNF/UCP2 pathway, thus providing valuable insights that may aid the development of exogenous irisin treatment as a potential therapeutic strategy against neuronal injury in epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yaru Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yujie Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenyu Xin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jia Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongliu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Irisin, a novel hormone like polypeptide, is cleaved and secreted by an unknown protease from a membrane‐spanning protein, FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain‐containing protein 5). The current knowledge on the biological functions of irisin includes browning white adipose tissue, regulating insulin use, and anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Dysfunction of irisin has shown to be involved in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. Moreover, irisin gene variants are also associated with cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on irisin‐mediated regulatory mechanisms and their roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Fu
- Department of Cardiology The Third People's Hospital of ChengduAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Fangtang Li
- Department of Cardiology The Third People's Hospital of ChengduAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yuanjuan Tang
- Department of Cardiology The Third People's Hospital of ChengduAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Cardiology The Third People's Hospital of ChengduAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center Chongqing Institute of Cardiology Chongqing China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury Daping Hospital The Third Military Medical University Chongqing China.,Department of Cardiology of Chongqing General Hospital Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing CollegeUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing China
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA Chengdu China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: a promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1390-1400. [PMID: 33214697 PMCID: PMC8379181 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and impose a tremendous socioeconomic burden on individuals as well as the healthcare system. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) is a widely distributed transmembrane glycoprotein that can be proteolytically cleaved and secreted as irisin to regulate glycolipid metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the predictive and therapeutic role of FNDC5 in a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, metabolic cardiomyopathy, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.
Collapse
|
48
|
Ye H, Meng Y. Honokiol regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress by promoting the activation of the sirtuin 1-mediated protein kinase B pathway and ameliorates high glucose/high fat-induced dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Endocr J 2021; 68:981-992. [PMID: 33952780 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Honokiol plays an important role in anti-oxidation, but its role in diabetic vascular complications is unclear. In this study, the effects of honokiol in high glucose/high fat (HG/HF)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were explored. After pre-treatment with honokiol, the cells were transferred to an HG/HF medium, and cell viability and apoptosis were respectively measured by methyl tetrazolium and flow cytometry. Moreover, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The expressions of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated-protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylated-inositol requiring enzyme-1α (p-IRE1α), cleaved caspase-3 and SIRT1 were determined by Western blot or quantitative reverse transcription PCR, respectively. Finally, the viability, apoptosis, and the contents of ROS, MDA, and SOD, as well as the expressions of CHOP, GRP78, p-PERK, p-IRE1α, cleaved caspase-3, Akt, p-Akt, and SIRT1 in the cells transfected with small interfering RNA SIRT1 (siSIRT1) were detected by the previously mentioned methods. Honokiol reversed the effect of HG/HF on promoting cell apoptosis, ROS and MDA contents, and the expressions of CHOP, GRP78, p-PERK, p-IRE1α and cleaved caspase-3, and also reversed the inhibitory effect of HG/HF on cell viability, SOD content and SIRT1 expression. However, siSIRT1 reversed the above effects caused by honokiol. Honokiol activated SIRT1 promoter. SIRT1 interacted with Akt, consequently promoting the activity of Akt. Therefore, honokiol activates the Akt pathway by regulating SIRT1 expression to regulate endoplasmic reticulum stress, promotes cell viability and inhibits the apoptosis of HG/HF-induced HUVECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230000, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Hefei Binhu Hospital, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230011, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cheng ZB, Huang L, Xiao X, Sun JX, Zou ZK, Jiang JF, Lu C, Zhang HY, Zhang C. Irisin in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:158-166. [PMID: 34425103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Irisin, a novel exercise-induced myokine, has been shown to play important roles in increasing white adipose tissue browning, regulating energy metabolism and improving insulin resistance. Growing evidence suggests a direct role for irisin in preventing atherosclerosis (AS) by inhibiting oxidative stress, improving dyslipidemia, facilitating anti-inflammation, reducing cellular damage and recovering endothelial function. In addition, some studies have noted that serum irisin levels play an essential role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk prediction, highlighting that irisin has the potential to be a useful predictive marker and therapeutic target of AS, especially in monitoring therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the understanding of irisin-mediated regulation in essential biological pathways and functions in atherosclerosis and prompts further exploitation of the biological properties of irisin in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Bin Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xiang Sun
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Kai Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Feng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Lu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ya Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
The Physiological Role of Irisin in the Regulation of Muscle Glucose Homeostasis. ENDOCRINES 2021; 2:266-283. [PMID: 35392577 PMCID: PMC8986094 DOI: 10.3390/endocrines2030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine that primarily targets adipose tissue, where it increases energy expenditure and contributes to the beneficial effects of exercise through the browning of white adipose tissue. As our knowledge has deepened in recent years, muscle has been found to be a major target organ for irisin as well. Several studies have attempted to characterize the role of irisin in muscle to improve glucose metabolism through mechanisms such as reducing insulin resistance. Although they are very intriguing reports, some contradictory results make it difficult to grasp the whole picture of the action of irisin on muscle. In this review, we attempted to organize the current knowledge of the role of irisin in muscle glucose metabolism. We discussed the direct effects of irisin on glucose metabolism in three types of muscle, that is, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and the myocardium. We also describe irisin’s effects on mitochondria and its interactions with other hormones. Furthermore, to consider the relationship between the irisin-induced improvement of glucose metabolism in muscle and systemic disorders of glucose metabolism, we reviewed the results from animal interventional studies and human clinical studies.
Collapse
|