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Del Bauzá MR, López AE, Simonin JA, Cimbaro FS, Scharn A, Castro A, Silvestro CV, Cuniberti LA, Crottogini AJ, Belaich MN, Locatelli P, Olea FD. Effect of Intramyocardial Administration of Baculovirus Encoding the Transcription Factor Tbx20 in Sheep With Experimental Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031515. [PMID: 39028008 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene therapy has been proposed as a strategy to induce cardiac regeneration following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Given that Tbx20, a transcription factor of the T-box subfamily, stimulates cell proliferation and angiogenesis, we designed a baculovirus overexpressing Tbx20 (Bv-Tbx20) and evaluated its effects in cultured cardiomyocytes and in an ovine model of AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS Cell proliferation and angiogenesis were measured in cardiomyocytes transduced with Bv-Tbx20 or Bv-Null (control). Subsequently, in sheep with AMI, Bv-Tbx20 or Bv-Null was injected in the infarct border. Cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity, angioarteriogenesis, left ventricular function, and infarct size were assessed. Cardiomyocytes transduced with BvTbx20 increased cell proliferation, cell cycle regulatory and angiogenic gene expression, and tubulogenesis. At 7 days posttreatment, sheep treated with Bv-Tbx20 showed increased Tbx20, promitotic and angiogenic gene expression, decreased levels of P21, increased Ki67- (17.09±5.73 versus 7.77±7.24 cardiomyocytes/mm2, P<0.05) and PHH3 (phospho-histone H3)-labeled cardiomyocytes (10.10±3.51 versus 5.23±2.87 cardiomyocytes/mm2, P<0.05), and increased capillary (2302.68±353.58 versus 1694.52±211.36 capillaries/mm2, P<0.001) and arteriolar (146.95±53.14 versus 84.06±16.84 arterioles/mm2, P<0.05) densities. At 30 days, Bv-Tbx20 decreased infarct size (9.89±1.92% versus 12.62±1.33%, P<0.05) and slightly improved left ventricular function. Baculoviral gene transfer-mediated Tbx20 overexpression exerted angiogenic and cardiomyogenic effects in vitro. CONCLUSIONS In sheep with AMI, Bv-Tbx20 induced angioarteriogenesis, cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity, infarct size limitation, and a slight recovery of left ventricular function, suggesting that Bv-Tbx20 gene therapy may contribute to cardiac regeneration following AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rosario Del Bauzá
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB)-Universidad Favaloro- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ayelén Emilce López
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB)-Universidad Favaloro- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Jorge Alejandro Simonin
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes Bernal Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Francisco Stefano Cimbaro
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB)-Universidad Favaloro- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Agustina Scharn
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB)-Universidad Favaloro- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Araceli Castro
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB)-Universidad Favaloro- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Cintia Virginia Silvestro
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB)-Universidad Favaloro- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Luis Alberto Cuniberti
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB)-Universidad Favaloro- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Alberto José Crottogini
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB)-Universidad Favaloro- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Mariano Nicolás Belaich
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes Bernal Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Paola Locatelli
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB)-Universidad Favaloro- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Fernanda Daniela Olea
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB)-Universidad Favaloro- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
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Akins KA, Flinn MA, Swift SK, Chanjeevaram SV, Purdy AL, Buddell T, Kolell ME, Andresen KG, Paddock S, Buday SL, Veldman MB, O'Meara CC, Patterson M. Runx1 is sufficient but not required for cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H377-H389. [PMID: 38847758 PMCID: PMC11442100 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00782.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Factors responsible for cardiomyocyte proliferation could serve as potential therapeutics to stimulate endogenous myocardial regeneration following insult, such as ischemic injury. A previously published forward genetics approach on cardiomyocyte cell cycle and ploidy led us to the transcription factor, Runx1. Here, we examine the effect of Runx1 on cardiomyocyte cell cycle during postnatal development and cardiac regeneration using cardiomyocyte-specific gain- and loss-of-function mouse models. RUNX1 is expressed in cardiomyocytes during early postnatal life, decreases to negligible levels by 3 wk of age, and increases upon myocardial injury, all consistent with observed rates of cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activity. Loss of Runx1 transiently stymied cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activity during normal postnatal development, a result that corrected itself and did not extend to the context of neonatal heart regeneration. On the other hand, cardiomyocyte-specific Runx1 overexpression resulted in an expansion of diploid cardiomyocytes in uninjured hearts and expansion of 4 N cardiomyocytes in the context of neonatal cardiac injury, suggesting Runx1 overexpression is sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte cell-cycle responses. Persistent overexpression of Runx1 for >1 mo continued to promote cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activity resulting in substantial hyperpolyploidization (≥8 N DNA content). This persistent cell-cycle activation was accompanied by ventricular dilation and adverse remodeling, raising the concern that continued cardiomyocyte cell cycling can have detrimental effects.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Runx1 is sufficient but not required for cardiomyocyte cell cycle.
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Grants
- R01 HL170547 NHLBI NIH HHS
- T32 HL007852 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01HL155085 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01 HL155085 NHLBI NIH HHS
- F32HL150958 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- S10OD025038 HHS | NIH | NIH Office of the Director (OD)
- F31HL162468 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL170547 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL155085-S1 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL141159 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- T32HL007852 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- T32HL034643 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- F32 HL150958 NHLBI NIH HHS
- F31 HL162468 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL141159 NHLBI NIH HHS
- S10 OD025038 NIH HHS
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaelin A Akins
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Michael A Flinn
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Samantha K Swift
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Smrithi V Chanjeevaram
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Alexandra L Purdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Tyler Buddell
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Mary E Kolell
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kaitlyn G Andresen
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Samantha Paddock
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sydney L Buday
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Matthew B Veldman
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Caitlin C O'Meara
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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3
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Zhu C, Yuan T, Krishnan J. Targeting cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:349-369. [PMID: 38683371 PMCID: PMC11142990 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure continues to be a significant global health concern, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. The limited ability of the adult heart to regenerate has posed challenges in finding effective treatments for cardiac pathologies. While various medications and surgical interventions have been used to improve cardiac function, they are not able to address the extensive loss of functioning cardiomyocytes that occurs during cardiac injury. As a result, there is growing interest in understanding how the cell cycle is regulated and exploring the potential for stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation as a means of promoting heart regeneration. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on cell cycle regulation and mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte proliferation in cases of heart failure, while also highlighting established and novel therapeutic strategies targeting this area for treatment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Zhu
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Alvarez-Argote S, Almeida VA, Knas MC, Buday SL, Patterson M, O'Meara CC. Global IL4Rα blockade exacerbates heart failure after an ischemic event in mice and humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1080-H1093. [PMID: 38426866 PMCID: PMC11380969 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00010.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic heart failure continues to be a highly prevalent disease among westernized countries and there is great interest in understanding the mechanisms preventing or exacerbating disease progression. The literature suggests an important role for the activation of interleukin-13 or interleukin-4 signaling in improving ischemic heart failure outcomes after myocardial infarction in mice. Dupilumab, a neutralizing antibody that inhibits the shared IL13/IL4 receptor subunit IL4Rα, is widely used for conditions such as ectopic dermatitis in humans. If global depletion of IL4Rα influences ischemic heart failure, either in mice or in humans taking dupilumab, is unknown. Here, we investigated the pathophysiological effects of global IL4Rα genetic deletion in adult mice after surgically induced myocardial infarction (MI). We also determined heart failure risk in patients with ischemic heart disease and concomitant usage of dupilumab using the collaborative patient data network TriNetX. Global deletion of IL4Rα results in exacerbated cardiac dysfunction associated with reduced capillary size after myocardial infarction in mice. In agreement with our findings in mice, dupilumab treatment significantly increased the risk of heart failure development in patients with preexisting diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. Our results indicate that systemic IL4Rα signaling is protective against heart failure development in adult mice and human patients specifically following an ischemic event. Thus, the compelling evidence presented hereby advocates for the development of a randomized clinical trial specifically investigating heart failure development after myocardial ischemia in patients taking dupilumab for another underlying condition.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A body of literature suggests a protective role for IL4Rα signaling postmyocardial infarction in mice. Here, our observational study demonstrates that humans taking the IL4Rα neutralizing antibody, dupilumab, have increased incidence of heart failure following an ischemic event. Similarly, global IL4Rα deletion in mice exacerbates heart failure postinfarct. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting an adverse association in humans of dupilumab use with heart failure following a cardiac ischemic event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Alvarez-Argote
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Victor A Almeida
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Makenna C Knas
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sydney L Buday
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Caitlin C O'Meara
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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5
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Buddell T, Purdy AL, Patterson M. The genetics of cardiomyocyte polyploidy. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:245-295. [PMID: 38556425 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of ploidy in cardiomyocytes is a complex and tightly regulated aspect of cardiac development and function. Cardiomyocyte ploidy can range from diploid (2N) to 8N or even 16N, and these states change during key stages of development and disease progression. Polyploidization has been associated with cellular hypertrophy to support normal growth of the heart, increased contractile capacity, and improved stress tolerance in the heart. Conversely, alterations to ploidy also occur during cardiac pathogenesis of diseases, such as ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure and arrhythmia. Therefore, understanding which genes control and modulate cardiomyocyte ploidy may provide mechanistic insight underlying cardiac growth, regeneration, and disease. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge regarding the genes involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte ploidy. We discuss genes that have been directly tested for their role in cardiomyocyte polyploidization, as well as methodologies used to identify ploidy alterations. These genes encode cell cycle regulators, transcription factors, metabolic proteins, nuclear scaffolding, and components of the sarcomere, among others. The general physiological and pathological phenotypes in the heart associated with the genetic manipulations described, and how they coincide with the respective cardiomyocyte ploidy alterations, are further discussed in this chapter. In addition to being candidates for genetic-based therapies for various cardiac maladies, these genes and their functions provide insightful evidence regarding the purpose of widespread polyploidization in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Buddell
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alexandra L Purdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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6
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Alvarez-Argote S, Paddock SJ, Flinn MA, Moreno CW, Knas MC, Almeida VA, Buday SL, Bakhshian Nik A, Patterson M, Chen YG, Lin CW, O’Meara CC. IL-13 promotes functional recovery after myocardial infarction via direct signaling to macrophages. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172702. [PMID: 38051583 PMCID: PMC10906228 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in identifying signaling pathways that promote cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI). Prior studies suggest a beneficial role for IL-13 signaling in neonatal heart regeneration; however, the cell types mediating cardiac regeneration and the extent of IL-13 signaling in the adult heart after injury are unknown. We identified an abundant source of IL-13 and the related cytokine, IL-4, in neonatal cardiac type 2 innate lymphoid cells, but this phenomenon declined precipitously in adult hearts. Moreover, IL-13 receptor deletion in macrophages impaired cardiac function and resulted in larger scars early after neonatal MI. By using a combination of recombinant IL-13 administration and cell-specific IL-13 receptor genetic deletion models, we found that IL-13 signaling specifically to macrophages mediated cardiac functional recovery after MI in adult mice. Single transcriptomics revealed a subpopulation of cardiac macrophages in response to IL-13 administration. These IL-13-induced macrophages were highly efferocytotic and were identified by high IL-1R2 expression. Collectively, we elucidated a strongly proreparative role for IL-13 signaling directly to macrophages following cardiac injury. While this pathway is active in proregenerative neonatal stages, reactivation of macrophage IL-13 signaling is required to promote cardiac functional recovery in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sydney L. Buday
- Department of Physiology
- Cardiovascular Research Center
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy
| | | | - Michaela Patterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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7
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Li H, He C, Zhu R, Chen FM, Wang L, Leung FP, Tian XY, Tse G, Wong WT. Type 2 cytokines promote angiogenesis in ischemic muscle via endothelial IL-4Rα signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112964. [PMID: 37556326 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet current trials on therapeutic angiogenesis remain suboptimal. Type 2 immunity is critical for post-ischemic regeneration, but its regulatory role in revascularization is poorly characterized. Here, we show that type 2 cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), are the key mediators in post-ischemic angiogenesis. IL-4/IL-13-deficient mice exhibit impaired reperfusion and muscle repair in an experimental model of PAD. We find that deletion of IL-4Rα in the endothelial compartment, rather than the myeloid compartment, leads to remarkable impairment in revascularization. Mechanistically, IL-4/IL-13 promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation via IL-4Rα/STAT6 signaling. Furthermore, attenuated IL-4/IL-13 expression is associated with the angiogenesis deficit in the setting of diabetic PAD, while IL-4/IL-13 treatment rescues this defective regeneration. Our findings reveal the therapeutic potential of type 2 cytokines in treating patients with muscle ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Chufeng He
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Francis M Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Fung Ping Leung
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Gary Tse
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong 999077, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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8
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Castillo-Casas JM, Caño-Carrillo S, Sánchez-Fernández C, Franco D, Lozano-Velasco E. Comparative Analysis of Heart Regeneration: Searching for the Key to Heal the Heart-Part II: Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:357. [PMID: 37754786 PMCID: PMC10531542 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, among which ischemic heart disease is the most representative. Myocardial infarction results from occlusion of a coronary artery, which leads to an insufficient blood supply to the myocardium. As it is well known, the massive loss of cardiomyocytes cannot be solved due the limited regenerative ability of the adult mammalian hearts. In contrast, some lower vertebrate species can regenerate the heart after an injury; their study has disclosed some of the involved cell types, molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways during the regenerative process. In this 'two parts' review, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of the main response to achieve heart regeneration, where several processes are involved and essential for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Castillo-Casas
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
| | - Sheila Caño-Carrillo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Fernández
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18007 Granada, Spain
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9
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Gene Therapy for Cardiomyocyte Renewal: Cell Cycle, a Potential Therapeutic Target. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:129-140. [PMID: 36512179 PMCID: PMC10123801 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is the primary cause of death worldwide. Even though extensive research has been done, and many pharmacological and surgical treatments have been introduced to treat heart disease, the mortality rate still remains high. Gene therapy is widely used to understand molecular mechanisms of myocardial infarction and to treat cardiomyocyte loss. It was reported that adult cardiomyocytes proliferate at a very low rate; thus, targeting their proliferation has become a new regenerative therapeutic approach. Currently, re-activating cardiomyocyte proliferation appears to be one of the most promising methods to promote adult cardiomyocyte renewal. In this article, we highlight gene therapeutic targets of cell proliferation presently being pursued to re-activate the cell cycle of cardiomyocytes, including cell cycle regulators, transcription factors, microRNAs, signal transduction, and other contributing factors. We also summarize gene delivery vectors that have been used in cardiac research and major challenges to be overcome in the translation to the clinical approach and future directions.
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10
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Li R, Xiang C, Li Y, Nie Y. Targeting immunoregulation for cardiac regeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 177:1-8. [PMID: 36801268 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Inducing endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration is a promising strategy to treat ischemic heart failure. The immune response has recently been considered critical in cardiac regeneration. Thus, targeting the immune response is a potent strategy to improve cardiac regeneration and repair after myocardial infarction. Here we reviewed the characteristics of the relationship between the postinjury immune response and heart regenerative capacity and summarized the latest studies focusing on inflammation and heart regeneration to identify potent targets of the immune response and strategies in the immune response to promote cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chenying Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yixun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Fuwai Central-China Hospital, Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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11
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Filosa A, Sawamiphak S. Heart development and regeneration-a multi-organ effort. FEBS J 2023; 290:913-930. [PMID: 34894086 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of the heart, from early morphogenesis to functional maturation, as well as maintenance of its homeostasis are tasks requiring collaborative efforts of cardiac tissue and different extra-cardiac organ systems. The brain, lymphoid organs, and gut are among the interaction partners that can communicate with the heart through a wide array of paracrine signals acting at local or systemic level. Disturbance of cardiac homeostasis following ischemic injury also needs immediate response from these distant organs. Our hearts replace dead muscles with non-contractile fibrotic scars. We have learned from animal models capable of scarless repair that regenerative capability of the heart does not depend only on competency of the myocardium and cardiac-intrinsic factors but also on long-range molecular signals originating in other parts of the body. Here, we provide an overview of inter-organ signals that take part in development and regeneration of the heart. We highlight recent findings and remaining questions. Finally, we discuss the potential of inter-organ modulatory approaches for possible therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Filosa
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Suphansa Sawamiphak
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
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12
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Bakhshian Nik A, Alvarez-Argote S, O'Meara CC. Interleukin 4/13 signaling in cardiac regeneration and repair. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H833-H844. [PMID: 36149768 PMCID: PMC9602781 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00310.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 13 (IL13) are closely related cytokines that have been classically attributed to type II immunity, namely, differentiation of T-helper 2 (TH2) cells and alternative activation of macrophages. Although the role of IL4/13 has been well described in various contexts such as defense against helminth parasites, pathogenesis of allergic disease, and several models of wound healing, relatively little is known about the role of IL4/13 in the heart following injury. Emerging literature has identified various roles for IL4/13 in animal models of cardiac regeneration as well as in the adult mammalian heart following myocardial injury. Notably, although IL4 and IL13 signal to hematopoietic cell types following myocardial infarction (MI) to promote wound healing phenotypes, there is substantial evidence that these cytokines can signal directly to non-hematopoietic cell types in the heart during development, homeostasis, and following injury. Comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular actions of IL4/13 in the heart is still lacking, but overall evidence to date suggests that activation of these cytokines results in beneficial outcomes with respect to cardiac repair. Here, we aim to comprehensively review the role of IL4 and IL13 and their prospective mechanisms in cardiac regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirala Bakhshian Nik
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Santiago Alvarez-Argote
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Caitlin C O'Meara
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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13
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Auchampach J, Han L, Huang GN, Kühn B, Lough JW, O'Meara CC, Payumo AY, Rosenthal NA, Sucov HM, Yutzey KE, Patterson M. Measuring cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activity and proliferation in the age of heart regeneration. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H579-H596. [PMID: 35179974 PMCID: PMC8934681 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00666.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the past two decades, the field of mammalian myocardial regeneration has grown dramatically, and with this expanded interest comes increasing claims of experimental manipulations that mediate bona fide proliferation of cardiomyocytes. Too often, however, insufficient evidence or improper controls are provided to support claims that cardiomyocytes have definitively proliferated, a process that should be strictly defined as the generation of two de novo functional cardiomyocytes from one original cardiomyocyte. Throughout the literature, one finds inconsistent levels of experimental rigor applied, and frequently the specific data supplied as evidence of cardiomyocyte proliferation simply indicate cell-cycle activation or DNA synthesis, which do not necessarily lead to the generation of new cardiomyocytes. In this review, we highlight potential problems and limitations faced when characterizing cardiomyocyte proliferation in the mammalian heart, and summarize tools and experimental standards, which should be used to support claims of proliferation-based remuscularization. In the end, definitive establishment of de novo cardiomyogenesis can be difficult to prove; therefore, rigorous experimental strategies should be used for such claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Division of Cardiology, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John W Lough
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Caitlin C O'Meara
- Department of Physiology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alexander Y Payumo
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San Jose, California
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry M Sucov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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