1
|
Wang J, Chen C, Guo Q, Gu Y, Shi TQ. Advances in Flavonoid and Derivative Biosynthesis: Systematic Strategies for the Construction of Yeast Cell Factories. ACS Synth Biol 2024. [PMID: 39145487 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a significant group of natural polyphenolic compounds, possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. Recent advances in the systematic metabolic engineering of yeast cell factories (YCFs) provide new opportunities for enhanced flavonoid production. Herein, we outline the latest research progress on typical flavonoid products in YCFs. Advanced engineering strategies involved in flavonoid biosynthesis are discussed in detail, including enhancing precursor supply, cofactor engineering, optimizing core pathways, eliminating competitive pathways, relieving transport limitations, and dynamic regulation. Additionally, we highlight the existing problems in the biosynthesis of flavonoid glucosides in yeast, such as endogenous degradation of flavonoid glycosides, substrate promiscuity of UDP-glycosyltransferases, and an insufficient supply of UDP-sugars, with summaries on the corresponding solutions. Discussions also cover other typical postmodifications like prenylation and methylation, and the recent biosynthesis of complex flavonoid compounds in yeast. Finally, a series of advanced technologies are envisioned, i.e., semirational enzyme engineering, ML/DL algorithn, and systems biology, with the aspiration of achieving large-scale industrial production of flavonoid compounds in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Liu M, Wang Z, Wang P, Kong L, Wu J, Wu W, Ma L, Jiang S, Ren W, Du L, Ma W, Liu X. A review of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, synthetic biology and comprehensive utilization of Silybum marianum. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1417655. [PMID: 39055491 PMCID: PMC11269164 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1417655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, a herbaceous plant with a long history in traditional medicine for the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases, particularly in Europe, which has attracted attention for its remarkable therapeutic effect. This review systematically summarizes the research progress in the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, comprehensive utilization and synthetic biology of S. marianum. Up to now, more than 20 types of flavonolignan components have been isolated from S. marianum. In addition, the rearch on fatty acids and triterpenoids is also constantly improving. Among them, silybin is the most active compound in flavonolignans components. Its pharmacological effects in vivo and in vitro include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumour, hypoglycaemic, neuroprotective and immunoregulatory properties. The use of coniferyl alcohol and taxifolin as substrates to produce silybin and isosilybin under the action of enzyme catalysis is the commonly used biosynthetic pathway of silymarin, which provides support for a comprehensive analysis of the synthetic pathway of silymarin. In addition to medicinal use, the extracts of plants also have broad application prospects in the production of food, healthcare products, cosmetics and other aspects. In addition, the chemical composition, pharmacological mechanism and synthetic biology of S. marianum need to be further studied, which is very important for its clinical efficacy and resource development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Meiqi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lingyang Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhao Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lengleng Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Weichao Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Likun Du
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiubo Liu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang C, Wu J, Sun Q, Ding S, Tao H, He Y, Qiu H, Shu B, Zhu D, Zhu H, Hong K. De novo production of bioactive sesterterpenoid ophiobolins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factories. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:129. [PMID: 38711040 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesterterpenoids are rare species among the terpenoids family. Ophiobolins are sesterterpenes with a 5-8-5 tricyclic skeleton. The oxidized ophiobolins exhibit significant cytotoxic activity and potential medicinal value. There is an urgent need for large amounts of ophiobolins supplication for drug development. The synthetic biology approach has been successfully employed in lots of terpene compound production and inspired us to develop a cell factory for ophiobolin biosynthesis. RESULTS We developed a systematic metabolic engineering strategy to construct an ophiobolin biosynthesis chassis based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The whole-cell biotransformation methods were further combined with metabolic engineering to enhance the expression of key ophiobolin biosynthetic genes and improve the supply of precursors and cofactors. A high yield of 5.1 g/L of ophiobolin F was reached using ethanol and fatty acids as substrates. To accumulate oxidized ophiobolins, we optimized the sources and expression conditions for P450-CPR and alleviated the toxicity of bioactive compounds to cells through PDR engineering. We unexpectedly obtained a novel ophiobolin intermediate with potent cytotoxicity, 5-hydroxy-21-formyl-ophiobolin F, and the known bioactive compound ophiobolin U. Finally, we achieved the ophiobolin U titer of 128.9 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS We established efficient cell factories based on S. cerevisiae, enabling de novo biosynthesis of the ophiobolin skeleton ophiobolin F and oxidized ophiobolins derivatives. This work has filled the gap in the heterologous biosynthesis of sesterterpenoids in S. cerevisiae and provided valuable solutions for new drug development based on sesterterpenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caizhe Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuaishuai Ding
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hua Tao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuhua He
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bei Shu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dongqing Zhu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hengcheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hao B, Yang Z, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang S. Advances in Flavonoid Research: Sources, Biological Activities, and Developmental Prospectives. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2884-2925. [PMID: 38666911 PMCID: PMC11049524 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, the occurrence of a large number of infectious and non-communicable diseases poses a serious threat to human health as well as to drug development for the treatment of these diseases. One of the most significant challenges is finding new drug candidates that are therapeutically effective and have few or no side effects. In this respect, the active compounds in medicinal plants, especially flavonoids, are potentially useful compounds with a wide range of pharmacological activities. They are naturally present in nature and valuable in the treatment of many infectious and non-communicable diseases. Flavonoids are divided into fourteen categories and are mainly derived from plant extraction, chemical synthesis and structural modification, and biosynthesis. The structural modification of flavonoids is an important way to discover new drugs, but biosynthesis is currently considered the most promising research direction with the potential to revolutionize the new production pipeline in the synthesis of flavonoids. However, relevant problems such as metabolic pathway analyses and cell synthesis protocols for flavonoids need to be addressed on an urgent basis. In the present review, new research techniques for assessing the biological activities of flavonoids and the mechanisms of their biological activities are elucidated and their modes of interaction with other drugs are described. Moreover, novel drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, bioparticles, colloidals, etc., are gradually becoming new means of addressing the issues of poor hydrophilicity, lipophilicity, poor chemical stability, and low bioavailability of flavonoids. The present review summarizes the latest research progress on flavonoids, existing problems with their therapeutic efficacy, and how these issues can be solved with the research on flavonoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (B.H.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Zhao C, Lu X, Zong H, Zhuge B. Development of a co-culture system for green production of caffeic acid from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1379688. [PMID: 38567071 PMCID: PMC10985150 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1379688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is a phenolic acid compound widely used in pharmaceutical and food applications. However, the efficient synthesis of CA is usually limited by the resources of individual microbial platforms. Here, a cross-kingdom microbial consortium was developed to synthesize CA from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate using Escherichia coli and Candida glycerinogenes as chassis. In the upstream E. coli module, shikimate accumulation was improved by intensifying the shikimate synthesis pathway and blocking shikimate metabolism to provide precursors for the downstream CA synthesis module. In the downstream C. glycerinogenes module, conversion of p-coumaric acid to CA was improved by increasing the supply of the cytoplasmic cofactor FAD(H2). Further, overexpression of ABC transporter-related genes promoted efflux of CA and enhanced strain resistance to CA, significantly increasing CA titer from 103.8 mg/L to 346.5 mg/L. Subsequently, optimization of the inoculation ratio of strains SA-Ec4 and CA-Cg27 in this cross-kingdom microbial consortium resulted in an increase in CA titer to 871.9 mg/L, which was 151.6% higher compared to the monoculture strain CA-Cg27. Ultimately, 2311.6 and 1943.2 mg/L of CA were obtained by optimization of the co-culture system in a 5 L bioreactor using mixed sugar and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate, respectively, with 17.2-fold and 14.6-fold enhancement compared to the starting strain. The cross-kingdom microbial consortium developed in this study provides a reference for the production of other aromatic compounds from inexpensive raw materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Research Centre of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cui Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Research Centre of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinyao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Research Centre of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Research Centre of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Zhuge
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Research Centre of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yue M, Liu M, Gao S, Ren X, Zhou S, Rao Y, Zhou J. High-Level De Novo Production of (2 S)-Eriodictyol in Yarrowia Lipolytica by Metabolic Pathway and NADPH Regeneration Engineering. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4292-4300. [PMID: 38364826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
(2S)-Eriodictyol, a polyphenolic flavonoid, has found widespread applications in health supplements and food additives. However, the limited availability of plant-derived (2S)-eriodictyol cannot meet the market demand. Microbial production of (2S)-eriodictyol faces challenges, including the low catalytic efficiency of flavone 3'-hydroxylase/cytochrome P450 reductase (F3'H/CPR), insufficient precursor supplementation, and inadequate NADPH regeneration. This study systematically engineered Yarrowia lipolytica for high-level (2S)-eriodictyol production. In doing this, the expression of F3'H/CPR was balanced, and the supply of precursors was enhanced by relieving feedback inhibition of the shikimate pathway, promoting fatty acid β-oxidation, and increasing the copy number of synthetic pathway genes. These strategies, combined with NADPH regeneration, achieved an (2S)-eriodictyol titer of 423.6 mg/L. Finally, in fed-batch fermentation, a remarkable 6.8 g/L (2S)-eriodictyol was obtained, representing the highest de novo microbial titer reported to date and paving the way for industrial production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Yue
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mengsu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shenghu Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu Z, Chen R, Zhang L. Simple phenylpropanoids: recent advances in biological activities, biosynthetic pathways, and microbial production. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:6-24. [PMID: 37807808 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00012e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2023Simple phenylpropanoids are a large group of natural products with primary C6-C3 skeletons. They are not only important biomolecules for plant growth but also crucial chemicals for high-value industries, including fragrances, nutraceuticals, biomaterials, and pharmaceuticals. However, with the growing global demand for simple phenylpropanoids, direct plant extraction or chemical synthesis often struggles to meet current needs in terms of yield, titre, cost, and environmental impact. Benefiting from the rapid development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, microbial production of natural products from inexpensive and renewable sources provides a feasible solution for sustainable supply. This review outlines the biological activities of simple phenylpropanoids, compares their biosynthetic pathways in different species (plants, bacteria, and fungi), and summarises key research on the microbial production of simple phenylpropanoids over the last decade, with a focus on engineering strategies that seem to hold most potential for further development. Moreover, constructive solutions to the current challenges and future perspectives for industrial production of phenylpropanoids are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ruibing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Innovative Drug R&D Centre, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shen C, Wang Y. Recent Progress on Peroxidase Modification and Application. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04835-w. [PMID: 38180646 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Peroxdiase is one of the member of oxireductase super family, which has a broad substrate range and a variety of reaction types, including hydroxylation, epoxidation or halogenation of unactivated C-H bonds, and aromatic group or biophenol compounds. Here, we summarized the recently discovered enzymes with peroxidation activity, and focused on the special structures, sites, and corresponding strategies that can change the peroxidase catalytic activity, stability, and substrate range. The comparison of the structural differences between these natural enzymes and the mimic enzymes of binding nanomaterials and polymer materials is helpful to expand the application of peroxidase in industry. In addition, we also reviewed the catalytic application of peroxidase in the synthesis of important organic molecules and the degradation of pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
| | - Yongfa Wang
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effendi SSW, Ng IS. Challenges and opportunities for engineered Escherichia coli as a pivotal chassis toward versatile tyrosine-derived chemicals production. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108270. [PMID: 37852421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Growing concerns over limited fossil resources and associated environmental problems are motivating the development of sustainable processes for the production of high-volume fuels and high-value-added compounds. The shikimate pathway, an imperative pathway in most microorganisms, is branched with tyrosine as the rate-limiting step precursor of valuable aromatic substances. Such occurrence suggests the shikimate pathway as a promising route in developing microbial cell factories with multiple applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Therefore, an increasing number of studies have focused on this pathway to enable the biotechnological manufacture of pivotal and versatile aromatic products. With advances in genome databases and synthetic biology tools, genetically programmed Escherichia coli strains are gaining immense interest in the sustainable synthesis of chemicals. Engineered E. coli is expected to be the next bio-successor of fossil fuels and plants in commercial aromatics synthesis. This review summarizes successful and applicable genetic and metabolic engineering strategies to generate new chassis and engineer the iterative pathway of the tyrosine route in E. coli, thus addressing the opportunities and current challenges toward the realization of sustainable tyrosine-derived aromatics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hanko EKR, Valdehuesa KNG, Verhagen KJA, Chromy J, Stoney RA, Chua J, Yan C, Roubos JA, Schmitz J, Breitling R. Carboxylic acid reductase-dependent biosynthesis of eugenol and related allylphenols. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:238. [PMID: 37980525 PMCID: PMC10656918 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (Hydroxy)cinnamyl alcohols and allylphenols, including coniferyl alcohol and eugenol, are naturally occurring aromatic compounds widely utilised in pharmaceuticals, flavours, and fragrances. Traditionally, the heterologous biosynthesis of (hydroxy)cinnamyl alcohols from (hydroxy)cinnamic acids involved CoA-dependent activation of the substrate. However, a recently explored alternative pathway involving carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) has proven efficient in generating the (hydroxy)cinnamyl aldehyde intermediate without the need for CoA activation. In this study, we investigated the application of the CAR pathway for whole-cell bioconversion of a range of (hydroxy)cinnamic acids into their corresponding (hydroxy)cinnamyl alcohols. Furthermore, we sought to extend the pathway to enable the production of a variety of allylphenols and allylbenzene. RESULTS By screening the activity of several heterologously expressed enzymes in crude cell lysates, we identified the combination of Segniliparus rugosus CAR (SrCAR) and Medicago sativa cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (MsCAD2) as the most efficient enzymatic cascade for the two-step reduction of ferulic acid to coniferyl alcohol. To optimise the whole-cell bioconversion in Escherichia coli, we implemented a combinatorial approach to balance the gene expression levels of SrCAR and MsCAD2. This optimisation resulted in a coniferyl alcohol yield of almost 100%. Furthermore, we extended the pathway by incorporating coniferyl alcohol acyltransferase and eugenol synthase, which allowed for the production of eugenol with a titre of up to 1.61 mM (264 mg/L) from 3 mM ferulic acid. This improvement in titre surpasses previous achievements in the field employing a CoA-dependent coniferyl alcohol biosynthesis pathway. Our study not only demonstrated the successful utilisation of the CAR pathway for the biosynthesis of diverse (hydroxy)cinnamyl alcohols, such as p-coumaryl alcohol, caffeyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol, from their corresponding (hydroxy)cinnamic acid precursors but also extended the pathway to produce allylphenols, including chavicol, hydroxychavicol, and methoxyeugenol. Notably, the microbial production of methoxyeugenol from sinapic acid represents a novel achievement. CONCLUSION The combination of SrCAR and MsCAD2 enzymes offers an efficient enzymatic cascade for the production of a wide array of (hydroxy)cinnamyl alcohols and, ultimately, allylphenols from their respective (hydroxy)cinnamic acids. This expands the range of value-added molecules that can be generated using microbial cell factories and creates new possibilities for applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals, flavours, and fragrances. These findings underscore the versatility of the CAR pathway, emphasising its potential in various biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik K R Hanko
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Kris Niño G Valdehuesa
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Koen J A Verhagen
- dsm-firmenich, Science & Research, P.O. Box 1, Delft, 2600 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub Chromy
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Ruth A Stoney
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jeremy Chua
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Cunyu Yan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Johannes A Roubos
- dsm-firmenich, Science & Research, P.O. Box 1, Delft, 2600 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Schmitz
- dsm-firmenich, Science & Research, P.O. Box 1, Delft, 2600 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang J, Liu Y, Zhong D, Xu L, Gao H, Keasling JD, Luo X, Chou HH. Combinatorial optimization and spatial remodeling of CYPs to control product profile. Metab Eng 2023; 80:119-129. [PMID: 37703999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Activating inert substrates is a challenge in nature and synthetic chemistry, but essential for creating functionally active molecules. In this work, we used a combinatorial optimization approach to assemble cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) and reductases (CPRs) to achieve a target product profile. By creating 110 CYP-CPR pairs and iteratively screening different pairing libraries, we demonstrated a framework for establishing a CYP network that catalyzes six oxidation reactions at three different positions of a chemical scaffold. Target product titer was improved by remodeling endoplasmic reticulum (ER) size and spatially controlling the CYPs' configuration on the ER. Out of 47 potential products that could be synthesized, 86% of the products synthesized by the optimized network was our target compound quillaic acid (QA), the aglycone backbone of many pharmaceutically important saponins, and fermentation achieved QA titer 2.23 g/L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazeng Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, China
| | - Yuguang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, China
| | - Dacai Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, China
| | - Haixin Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, China
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, China; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, China
| | - Howard H Chou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang L, Gao Y, Han L, Zhang W, Fan P. Designing plant flavonoids: harnessing transcriptional regulation and enzyme variation to enhance yield and diversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1220062. [PMID: 37575923 PMCID: PMC10420081 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology has emerged as a powerful and promising approach to enhance the production of value-added metabolites in plants. Flavonoids, a class of plant secondary metabolites, offer numerous health benefits and have attracted attention for their potential use in plant-based products. However, achieving high yields of specific flavonoids remains challenging due to the complex and diverse metabolic pathways involved in their biosynthesis. In recent years, synthetic biology approaches leveraging transcription factors and enzyme diversity have demonstrated promise in enhancing flavonoid yields and expanding their production repertoire. This review delves into the latest research progress in flavonoid metabolic engineering, encompassing the identification and manipulation of transcription factors and enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, as well as the deployment of synthetic biology tools for designing metabolic pathways. This review underscores the importance of employing carefully-selected transcription factors to boost plant flavonoid production and harnessing enzyme promiscuity to broaden flavonoid diversity or streamline the biosynthetic steps required for effective metabolic engineering. By harnessing the power of synthetic biology and a deeper understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis, future researchers can potentially transform the landscape of plant-based product development across the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, ultimately benefiting consumers worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leiqin Han
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengxiang Fan
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lan HN, Liu RY, Liu ZH, Li X, Li BZ, Yuan YJ. Biological valorization of lignin to flavonoids. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108107. [PMID: 36758651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the most affluent natural aromatic biopolymer on the earth, which is the promising renewable source for valuable products to promote the sustainability of biorefinery. Flavonoids are a class of plant polyphenolic secondary metabolites containing the benzene ring structure with various biological activities, which are largely applied in health food, pharmaceutical, and medical fields. Due to the aromatic similarity, microbial conversion of lignin derived aromatics to flavonoids could facilitate flavonoid biosynthesis and promote the lignin valorization. This review thereby prospects a novel valorization route of lignin to high-value natural products and demonstrates the potential advantages of microbial bioconversion of lignin to flavonoids. The biodegradation of lignin polymers is summarized to identify aromatic monomers as momentous precursors for flavonoid synthesis. The biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids in both plants and strains are introduced and compared. After that, the key branch points and important intermediates are clearly discussed in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids. Moreover, the most significant enzyme reactions including Claisen condensation, cyclization and hydroxylation are demonstrated in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids. Finally, current challenges and potential future strategies are also discussed for transforming lignin into various flavonoids. The holistic microbial conversion routes of lignin to flavonoids could make a sustainable production of flavonoids and improve the feasibility of lignin valorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Na Lan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ruo-Ying Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Virklund A, Jensen SI, Nielsen AT, Woodley JM. Combining genetic engineering and bioprocess concepts for improved phenylpropanoid production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:613-628. [PMID: 36418654 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The group of natural aromatic compounds known as phenylpropanoids has diverse applications, but current methods of production which are largely based on synthesis from petrochemicals or extraction from agricultural biomass are unsustainable. Bioprocessing is a promising alternative, but improvements in production titers and rates are required to make this method profitable. Here the recent advances in genetic engineering and bioprocess concepts for the production of phenylpropanoids are presented for the purpose of identifying successful strategies, including adaptive laboratory evolution, enzyme engineering, in-situ product removal, and biocatalysis. The pros and cons of bacterial and yeast hosts for phenylpropanoid production are discussed, also in the context of different phenylpropanoid targets and bioprocess concepts. Finally, some broad recommendations are made regarding targets for continued improvement and areas requiring specific attention from researchers to further improve production titers and rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Virklund
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sheila I Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alex T Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John M Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tariq H, Asif S, Andleeb A, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Flavonoid Production: Current Trends in Plant Metabolic Engineering and De Novo Microbial Production. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010124. [PMID: 36677049 PMCID: PMC9864322 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that represent a heterogeneous family of plant polyphenolic compounds. Recent research has determined that the health benefits of fruits and vegetables, as well as the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, are based on the presence of various bioactive natural products, including a high proportion of flavonoids. With current trends in plant metabolite research, flavonoids have become the center of attention due to their significant bioactivity associated with anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. However, the use of traditional approaches, widely associated with the production of flavonoids, including plant extraction and chemical synthesis, has not been able to establish a scalable route for large-scale production on an industrial level. The renovation of biosynthetic pathways in plants and industrially significant microbes using advanced genetic engineering tools offers substantial promise for the exploration and scalable production of flavonoids. Recently, the co-culture engineering approach has emerged to prevail over the constraints and limitations of the conventional monoculture approach by harnessing the power of two or more strains of engineered microbes to reconstruct the target biosynthetic pathway. In this review, current perspectives on the biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of flavonoids in plants have been summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the most recent developments in the microbial production of major classes of flavonoids. Finally, we describe the recent achievements in genetic engineering for the combinatorial biosynthesis of flavonoids by reconstructing synthesis pathways in microorganisms via a co-culture strategy to obtain high amounts of specific bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasnat Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saaim Asif
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Andleeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, Eure et Loir Campus, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu J, An T, Zha W, Gao K, Li T, Zi J. Manipulation of IME4 expression, a global regulation strategy for metabolic engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
|
17
|
Peng Q, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Bao F, Deng J, Li W. Polymethoxyflavones from citrus peel: advances in extraction methods, biological properties, and potential applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5618-5630. [PMID: 36530054 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2156476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Citrus peel, as an effective component of citrus by-products, contains a large number of natural active components, including pectin, vitamins, dietary fiber, essential oil, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and so on. With the development of the circular economy, citrus peel has attracted extensive concern in the food industry. The exploitation of citrus peel would assist in excavating potential properties and alleviating the environmental burden. Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) exist almost in citrus peel, which have remarkable biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity. Therefore, PMFs from citrus peel have the potential to develop as dietary supplements in the near future. Collectively, it is essential to take action to optimize the extraction conditions of PMFs and make the most of the extracts. This review mainly compiles several extraction methods and bioactivities of PMFs from citrus peel and introduces different applications including food processing, pharmaceutical industry, and plant rhizosphere to develop better utilization of citrus PMFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Mingxuan Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance, and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance, and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu T, Li W, Chen H, Wu T, Zhu C, Zhuo M, Li S. Systematic Optimization of HPO-CPR to Boost (+)-Nootkatone Synthesis in Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15548-15559. [PMID: 36468547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As an important and expensive natural sesquiterpene compound in grapefruit, the interest in (+)-nootkatone is stimulated by its strong grapefruit-like odor and physiological activities, which induce efforts for its microbial production. However, the low catalytic efficiency of the cytochrome P450-P450 reductase (HPO-CPR) system is the main challenge. We developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) method using the principle of the color reaction between carbonyl compounds and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), which could rapidly screen the activity of candidate HPO mutants. After optimizing the pairing of HPO and CPR and through semirational design, the optimal mutant HPO_M18 with catalytic performance 2.54 times that of the initial was obtained. An encouraging (+)-nootkatone titer of 2.39 g/L was achieved through two-stage fed-batch fermentation after metabolic engineering and endoplasmic reticulum engineering, representing the highest titer reported to date. Our findings lay the foundation for the development of an economically viable bioprocess for (+)-nootkatone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hefeng Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chaoyi Zhu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zhuo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu S, Li M, Gao S, Zhou J. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of dihydroquercetin from naringenin. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:213. [PMID: 36243863 PMCID: PMC9569186 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dihydroquercetin (DHQ), a powerful bioflavonoid, has a number of health-promoting qualities and shows potential as a treatment for a number of disorders. Dihydroquercetin biosynthesis is a promising solution to meet the rising demand for dihydroquercetin. However, due to the significant accumulation of eriodietyol (ERI), naringenin (NAR), dihydrokaempferol (DHK), and other metabolites, the yield of DHQ biosynthesis is low. As a result, this is the hindrance to the biosynthesis of DHQ. Results In this study, we proposed several strategies to enhance the product formation and reduce the metabolites in accumulation. The flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) and cytochrome P450 reductase from different species were co-expressed in S. cerevisiae, and the best strain expressing the P450-reductase enzyme complex (SmF3′H/ScCPR) yielded 435.7 ± 7.6 mg/L of ERI from NAR in the deepwell microplate. The product conversion rate was improved further by mutating the predicted potential ubiquitination sites to improve SmF3′H stability, resulting in a 12.8% increase in titre using the mutant SmF3′H (K290R). Besides, different F3Hs from various sources and promoters were tested for the improved DHQ production, with the best strain producing 381.2 ± 10.7 mg/L of DHQ from 1 g/L of NAR, suggesting the temporal regulation the expression of F3H is important for maximization the function of F3′H and F3H. Conclusion This study offers effective strategies for improving DHQ production from NAR and could be used as a reference for related research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01937-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education On Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjia Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education On Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education On Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li H, Lyv Y, Zhou S, Yu S, Zhou J. Microbial cell factories for the production of flavonoids-barriers and opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127538. [PMID: 35777639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are natural plant products with important nutritional value, health-promoting benefits, and therapeutic potential. The use of microbial cell factories to generate flavonoids is an appealing option. The microbial biosynthesis of flavonoids is compared to the classic plant extract approach in this review, and the pharmaceutical applications were presented. This paper summarize approaches for effective flavonoid biosynthesis from microorganisms, and discuss the challenges and prospects of microbial flavonoid biosynthesis. Finally, the barriers and strategies for industrial bio-production of flavonoids are highlighted. This review offers guidance on how to create robust microbial cell factories for producing flavonoids and other relevant chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yunbin Lyv
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shenghu Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shen S, Tong Y, Luo Y, Huang L, Gao W. Biosynthesis, total synthesis, and pharmacological activities of aryltetralin-type lignan podophyllotoxin and its derivatives. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1856-1875. [PMID: 35913409 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00028h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2022Podophyllotoxin (PTOX, 1), a kind of aryltetralin-type lignan, was first discovered in the plant Podophyllum peltatum and its structure was clarified by W. Borsche and J. Niemann in 1932. Due to its potent anti-cancer and anti-viral activities, it is considered one of the molecules most likely to be developed into modern drugs. With the increasing market demand and insufficient storage of natural resources, it is crucial to expand the sources of PTOXs. The original extraction method from plants has gradually failed to meet the requirements, and the biosynthesis and total synthesis have become the forward-looking alternatives. As key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of PTOXs and their catalytic mechanisms being constantly revealed, it is possible to realize the heterogeneous biosynthesis of PTOXs in the future. Chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis also provide schemes for strictly controlling the asymmetric configuration of the tetracyclic core. Currently, the pharmacological activities of some PTOX derivatives have been extensively studied, laying the foundation for clinical candidate drugs. This review focuses primarily on the latest research progress in the biosynthesis, total synthesis, and pharmacological activities of PTOX and its derivatives, providing a more comprehensive understanding of these widely used compounds and supporting the future search for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yuru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yunfeng Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Modular Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for De Novo Biosynthesis of Genistein. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071402. [PMID: 35889121 PMCID: PMC9319343 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein, a nutraceutical isoflavone, has various pharmaceutical and biological activities which benefit human health via soy-containing food intake. This study aimed to construct Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce genistein from sugar via a modular engineering strategy. In the midstream module, various sources of chalcone synthases and chalcone isomerase-like proteins were tested which enhanced the naringenin production from p-coumaric acid by decreasing the formation of the byproduct. The upstream module was reshaped to enhance the metabolic flux to p-coumaric acid from glucose by overexpressing the genes in the tyrosine biosynthetic pathway and deleting the competing genes. The downstream module was rebuilt to produce genistein from naringenin by pairing various isoflavone synthases and cytochrome P450 reductases. The optimal pair was used for the de novo biosynthesis of genistein with a titer of 31.02 mg/L from sucrose at 25 °C. This is the first report on the de novo biosynthesis of genistein in engineered S. cerevisiae to date. This work shows promising potential for producing flavonoids and isoflavonoids by modular metabolic engineering.
Collapse
|
23
|
Křen V, Valentová K. Silybin and its congeners: from traditional medicine to molecular effects. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1264-1281. [PMID: 35510639 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 up to 2022 (Feb)Silymarin, an extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) fruits, has been used in various medicinal applications since ancient times. A major component of silymarin is the flavonolignan silybin and its relatives isosilybin, silychristin, silydianin, 2,3-dehydrosilybin, and some others. Except for silydianin, they occur in nature as two stereomers. This review focuses on recent developments in chemistry, biosynthesis, modern advanced analytical methods, and transformations of flavonolignans specifically reflecting their chirality. Recently described chemotypes of S. marianum, but also the newest findings regarding the pharmacokinetics, hepatoprotective, antiviral, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective activity, modulation of endocrine functions, modulation of multidrug resistance, and safety of flavonolignans are discussed. A growing number of studies show that the respective diastereomers of flavonolignans have significantly different activities in anisotropic biological systems. Moreover, it is now clear that flavonolignans do not act as antioxidants in vivo, but as specific ligands of biological targets and therefore their chirality is crucial. Many controversies often arise, mainly due to the non-standard composition of this phytopreparation, the use of various undefined mixtures, the misattribution of silymarin vs. silybin, and also the failure to consider the chemistry of the respective components of silymarin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, CZ 14220, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, CZ 14220, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Engineering cofactor supply and recycling to drive phenolic acid biosynthesis in yeast. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:520-529. [PMID: 35484257 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in synthetic biology enable microbial hosts to synthesize valuable natural products in an efficient, cost-competitive and safe manner. However, current engineering endeavors focus mainly on enzyme engineering and pathway optimization, leaving the role of cofactors in microbial production of natural products and cofactor engineering largely ignored. Here we systematically engineered the supply and recycling of three cofactors (FADH2, S-adenosyl-L-methion and NADPH) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for high-level production of the phenolic acids caffeic acid and ferulic acid, the precursors of many pharmaceutical molecules. Tailored engineering strategies were developed for rewiring biosynthesis, compartmentalization and recycling of the cofactors, which enabled the highest production of caffeic acid (5.5 ± 0.2 g l-1) and ferulic acid (3.8 ± 0.3 g l-1) in microbial cell factories. These results demonstrate that cofactors play an essential role in driving natural product biosynthesis and the engineering strategies described here can be easily adopted for regulating the metabolism of other cofactors.
Collapse
|
25
|
Thuan NH, Shrestha A, Trung NT, Tatipamula VB, Van Cuong D, Canh NX, Van Giang N, Kim TS, Sohng JK, Dhakal D. Advances in biochemistry and the biotechnological production of taxifolin and its derivatives. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:848-861. [PMID: 33797804 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) and its derivatives are medicinally important flavanonols with a wide distribution in plants. These compounds have been isolated from various plants, such as milk thistle, onions, french maritime, and tamarind. In general, they are commercially generated in semisynthetic forms. Taxifolin and related compounds are biosynthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway, and most of the biosynthetic steps have been functionally characterized. The knowledge gained through the detailed investigation of their biosynthesis has provided the foundation for the reconstruction of biosynthetic pathways. Plant- and microbial-based platforms are utilized for the expression of such pathways for generating taxifolin-related compounds, either by whole-cell biotransformation or through reconfiguration of the genetic circuits. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the biotechnological production of taxifolin and its derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Anil Shrestha
- Combinatorial Biosynthesis National Research Laboratory, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Thanh Trung
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | - Duong Van Cuong
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thainguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thainguyen, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Canh
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gialam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Giang
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gialam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tae-Su Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Design of stable and self-regulated microbial consortia for chemical synthesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1554. [PMID: 35322005 PMCID: PMC8943006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial coculture engineering has emerged as a promising strategy for biomanufacturing. Stability and self-regulation pose a significant challenge for the generation of intrinsically robust cocultures for large-scale applications. Here, we introduce the use of multi-metabolite cross-feeding (MMCF) to establish a close correlation between the strains and the design rules for selecting the appropriate metabolic branches. This leads to an intrinicially stable two-strain coculture where the population composition and the product titer are insensitive to the initial inoculation ratios. With an intermediate-responsive biosensor, the population of the microbial coculture is autonomously balanced to minimize intermediate accumulation. This static-dynamic strategy is extendable to three-strain cocultures, as demonstrated with de novo biosynthesis of silybin/isosilybin. This strategy is generally applicable, paving the way to the industrial application of microbial cocultures. Stability and tunability are two desirable properties of microbial consortia-based bioproduction. Here, the authors integrate a caffeate-responsive biosensor into two and three strains coculture system to achieve autonomous regulation of strain ratios for coniferol and silybin/isosiltbin production, respectively.
Collapse
|
27
|
Qiu Z, Liu X, Li J, Qiao B, Zhao GR. Metabolic Division in an Escherichia coli Coculture System for Efficient Production of Kaempferide. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1213-1227. [PMID: 35167258 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferide, a plant-derived natural flavonoid, exhibits excellent pharmacological activities with nutraceutical and medicinal applications in human healthcare. Efficient microbial production of complex flavonoids suffers from metabolic crosstalk and burden, which is a big challenge for synthetic biology. Herein, we identified 4'-O-methyltransferases and divided the artificial biosynthetic pathway of kaempferide into upstream, midstream, and downstream modules. By combining heterologous genes from different sources and fine-tuning the expression, we optimized each module for the production of kaempferide. Furthermore, we designed and evaluated four division patterns of synthetic labor in coculture systems by plug-and-play modularity. The linear division of three modules in a three-strain coculture showed higher productivity of kaempferide than that in two-strain cocultures. The U-shaped division by co-distributing the upstream and downstream modules in one strain led to the best performance of the coculture system, which produced 116.0 ± 3.9 mg/L kaempferide, which was 510, 140, and 50% higher than that produced by the monoculture, two-strain coculture, and three-strain coculture with the linear division, respectively. This is the first report of efficient de novo production of kaempferide in a robust Escherichia coli coculture. The strategy of U-shaped pathway division in the coculture provides a promising way for improving the productivity of valuable and complex natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zetian Qiu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Dashi Road 1, Nanshan
District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Dashi Road 1, Nanshan
District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Dashi Road 1, Nanshan
District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guang-Rong Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Dashi Road 1, Nanshan
District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Park SY, Yang D, Ha SH, Lee SY. Production of phenylpropanoids and flavonolignans from glycerol by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:946-962. [PMID: 34928495 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are a group of plant natural products with medicinal importance derived from aromatic amino acids. Here, we report the production of two representative phenylpropanoids-coniferyl alcohol (CA) and dihydroquercetin (DHQ)-from glycerol by engineered Escherichia coli. First, an E. coli strain capable of producing 187.7 mg/L of CA from glycerol was constructed by the introduction of hpaBC from E. coli and OMT1, 4CL4, and CCR1 from Arabidopsis thaliana to the p-coumaric acid producer. Next, an E. coli strain capable of producing 239.4 mg/L of DHQ from glycerol was constructed by the introduction of F3H, TT7, and CPR from A. thaliana to the naringenin producer, followed by engineering the signal peptide of a cytochrome P450 TT7. Furthermore, to demonstrate the production of flavonolignans, a group of heterodimeric phenylpropanoids, from glycerol, ascorbate peroxidase 1 from Silybum marianum was employed and engineered to produce 0.04 μg/L of silybin and 1.29 μg/L of isosilybin from glycerol by stepwise culture. Finally, a single strain harboring all the 16 necessary genes was constructed, resulting in 0.12 μg/L of isosilybin production directly from glycerol. The strategies described here will be useful for the production of pharmaceutically important yet complex natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon Young Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four Program), Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare (SMESH) Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four Program), Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare (SMESH) Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hee Ha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four Program), Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare (SMESH) Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four Program), Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare (SMESH) Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xiao F, Lian J, Tu S, Xie L, Li J, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Huang H, Zhong W. Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for High-Level Production of Chlorogenic Acid from Glucose. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:800-811. [PMID: 35107250 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a major dietary phenolic compound, has been increasingly used in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of its ready availability and extensive biological and pharmacological activities. Traditionally, extraction from plants has been the main approach for the commercial production of CGA. This study reports the first efficient microbial production of CGA by engineering the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on a simple mineral medium. First, an optimized de novo biosynthetic pathway for CGA was reconstructed in S. cerevisiae from glucose with a CGA titer of 36.6 ± 2.4 mg/L. Then, a multimodule engineering strategy was employed to improve CGA production: (1) unlocking the shikimate pathway and optimizing carbon distribution; (2) optimizing the l-Phe branch and pathway balancing; and (3) increasing the copy number of CGA pathway genes. The combination of these interventions resulted in an about 6.4-fold improvement of CGA titer up to 234.8 ± 11.1 mg/L in shake flask cultures. CGA titers of 806.8 ± 1.7 mg/L were achieved in a 1 L fed-batch fermenter. This study opens a route to effectively produce CGA from glucose in S. cerevisiae and establishes a platform for the biosynthesis of CGA-derived value-added metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuai Tu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Haichan Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tong Y, Lv Y, Yu S, Lyu Y, Zhang L, Zhou J. Improving (2S)-naringenin production by exploring native precursor pathways and screening higher-active chalcone synthases from plants rich in flavonoids. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 156:109991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.109991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
31
|
Sun J, Sun W, Zhang G, Lv B, Li C. High efficient production of plant flavonoids by microbial cell factories: Challenges and opportunities. Metab Eng 2022; 70:143-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
32
|
Sun C, Li G, Li H, Lyu Y, Yu S, Zhou J. Enhancing Flavan-3-ol Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12763-12772. [PMID: 34694796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavan-3-ols are a group of flavonoids that exert beneficial effects. This study aimed to enhance key metabolic processes related to flavan-3-ols biosynthesis. The engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain E32 that produces naringenin from glucose was further engineered for de novo production of two basic flavan-3-ols, afzelechin (AFZ) and catechin (CAT). Through introduction of flavonoid 3-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR), de novo production of AFZ and CAT can be achieved. The combination of FaDFR from Fragaria × ananassa and VvLAR from Vitis vinifera was optimal. (GGGGS)2 and (EAAAK)2 linkers between DFR and LAR proved optimal for the production of AFZ and CAT, respectively. Optimization of promoters and the enhanced supply of NADPH further increased the production. By combining the best engineering strategies, the optimum strains produced 500.5 mg/L AFZ and 321.3 mg/L CAT, respectively, after fermentation for 90 h in a 5 L bioreactor. The strategies presented could be applied for a more efficient production of flavan-3-ols by various microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Guangjian Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hongbiao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yunbin Lyu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Elimination of aromatic fusel alcohols as by-products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains engineered for phenylpropanoid production by 2-oxo-acid decarboxylase replacement. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 13:e00183. [PMID: 34584841 PMCID: PMC8450241 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are intensively studied as production platforms for aromatic compounds such as hydroxycinnamic acids, stilbenoids and flavonoids. Heterologous pathways for production of these compounds use l-phenylalanine and/or l-tyrosine, generated by the yeast shikimate pathway, as aromatic precursors. The Ehrlich pathway converts these precursors to aromatic fusel alcohols and acids, which are undesirable by-products of yeast strains engineered for production of high-value aromatic compounds. Activity of the Ehrlich pathway requires any of four S. cerevisiae 2-oxo-acid decarboxylases (2-OADCs): Aro10 or the pyruvate-decarboxylase isoenzymes Pdc1, Pdc5, and Pdc6. Elimination of pyruvate-decarboxylase activity from S. cerevisiae is not straightforward as it plays a key role in cytosolic acetyl-CoA biosynthesis during growth on glucose. In a search for pyruvate decarboxylases that do not decarboxylate aromatic 2-oxo acids, eleven yeast and bacterial 2-OADC-encoding genes were investigated. Homologs from Kluyveromyces lactis (KlPDC1), Kluyveromyces marxianus (KmPDC1), Yarrowia lipolytica (YlPDC1), Zymomonas mobilis (Zmpdc1) and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Gdpdc1.2 and Gdpdc1.3) complemented a Pdc− strain of S. cerevisiae for growth on glucose. Enzyme-activity assays in cell extracts showed that these genes encoded active pyruvate decarboxylases with different substrate specificities. In these in vitro assays, ZmPdc1, GdPdc1.2 or GdPdc1.3 had no substrate specificity towards phenylpyruvate. Replacing Aro10 and Pdc1,5,6 by these bacterial decarboxylases completely eliminated aromatic fusel-alcohol production in glucose-grown batch cultures of an engineered coumaric acid-producing S. cerevisiae strain. These results outline a strategy to prevent formation of an important class of by-products in ‘chassis’ yeast strains for production of non-native aromatic compounds. Identification of pyruvate decarboxylases active with pyruvate but not with aromatic 2-oxo acids. Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase can replace the native yeast enzymes. Expression of Z. mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase removes formation of fusel alcohols. Elimination of fusel alcohol by products improves formation of coumaric acid. Decarboxylase swapping is a beneficial strategy for production of non-native aromatics.
Collapse
|
34
|
Raihan T, Rabbee MF, Roy P, Choudhury S, Baek KH, Azad AK. Microbial Metabolites: The Emerging Hotspot of Antiviral Compounds as Potential Candidates to Avert Viral Pandemic Alike COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:732256. [PMID: 34557521 PMCID: PMC8452873 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.732256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present global COVID-19 pandemic caused by the noble pleomorphic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a vulnerable situation in the global healthcare and economy. In this pandemic situation, researchers all around the world are trying their level best to find suitable therapeutics from various sources to combat against the SARS-CoV-2. To date, numerous bioactive compounds from different sources have been tested to control many viral diseases. However, microbial metabolites are advantageous for drug development over metabolites from other sources. We herein retrieved and reviewed literatures from PubMed, Scopus and Google relevant to antiviral microbial metabolites by searching with the keywords "antiviral microbial metabolites," "microbial metabolite against virus," "microorganism with antiviral activity," "antiviral medicine from microbial metabolite," "antiviral bacterial metabolites," "antiviral fungal metabolites," "antiviral metabolites from microscopic algae' and so on. For the same purpose, the keywords "microbial metabolites against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2" and "plant metabolites against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2" were used. Only the full text literatures available in English and pertinent to the topic have been included and those which are not available as full text in English and pertinent to antiviral or anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity were excluded. In this review, we have accumulated microbial metabolites that can be used as antiviral agents against a broad range of viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Based on this concept, we have included 330 antiviral microbial metabolites so far available to date in the data bases and were previously isolated from fungi, bacteria and microalgae. The microbial source, chemical nature, targeted viruses, mechanism of actions and IC50/EC50 values of these metabolites are discussed although mechanisms of actions of many of them are not yet elucidated. Among these antiviral microbial metabolites, some compounds might be very potential against many other viruses including coronaviruses. However, these potential microbial metabolites need further research to be developed as effective antiviral drugs. This paper may provide the scientific community with the possible secret of microbial metabolites that could be an effective source of novel antiviral drugs to fight against many viruses including SARS-CoV-2 as well as the future viral pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Topu Raihan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Puja Roy
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Swapnila Choudhury
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lou H, Hu L, Lu H, Wei T, Chen Q. Metabolic Engineering of Microbial Cell Factories for Biosynthesis of Flavonoids: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:4522. [PMID: 34361675 PMCID: PMC8348848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids belong to a class of plant secondary metabolites that have a polyphenol structure. Flavonoids show extensive biological activity, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, and antibacterial properties, so they are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. However, traditional sources of flavonoids are no longer sufficient to meet current demands. In recent years, with the clarification of the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids and the development of synthetic biology, it has become possible to use synthetic metabolic engineering methods with microorganisms as hosts to produce flavonoids. This article mainly reviews the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids and the development of microbial expression systems for the production of flavonoids in order to provide a useful reference for further research on synthetic metabolic engineering of flavonoids. Meanwhile, the application of co-culture systems in the biosynthesis of flavonoids is emphasized in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Lou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Lifei Hu
- Hubei Key Lab of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Health Food, Huangshi 435100, China;
| | - Hongyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Tianyu Wei
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhou H, Gao S, Zeng W, Zhou J. Improving bioconversion of eugenol to coniferyl alcohol by constitutive promoters in Escherichia coli. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.107953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
37
|
Heterologous biosynthesis as a platform for producing new generation natural products. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 66:123-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
38
|
Ma J, Gu Y, Xu P. A roadmap to engineering antiviral natural products synthesis in microbes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 66:140-149. [PMID: 32795662 PMCID: PMC7419324 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products continue to be the inspirations for us to discover and acquire new drugs. The seemingly unstoppable viruses have kept records high to threaten human health and well-being. The diversity and complexity of natural products (NPs) offer remarkable efficacy and specificity to target viral infection steps and serve as excellent source for antiviral agents. The discovery and production of antiviral NPs remain challenging due to low abundance in their native hosts. Reconstruction of NP biosynthetic pathways in microbes is a promising solution to overcome this limitation. In this review, we surveyed 23 most prominent NPs (from more than 200 antiviral NP candidates) with distinct antiviral mode of actions and summarized the recent metabolic engineering effort to produce these compounds in various microbial hosts. We envision that the scalable and low-cost production of novel antiviral NPs, enabled by metabolic engineering, may light the hope to control and eradicate the deadliest viruses that plague our society and humanity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Ma
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Yang Gu
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Decembrino D, Ricklefs E, Wohlgemuth S, Girhard M, Schullehner K, Jach G, Urlacher VB. Assembly of Plant Enzymes in E. coli for the Production of the Valuable (-)-Podophyllotoxin Precursor (-)-Pluviatolide. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:3091-3103. [PMID: 33095000 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are plant secondary metabolites with a wide range of reported health-promoting bioactivities. Traditional routes toward these natural products involve, among others, the extraction from plant sources and chemical synthesis. However, the availability of the sources and the complex chemical structures of lignans often limit the feasibility of these approaches. In this work, we introduce a newly assembled biosynthetic route in E. coli for the efficient conversion of the common higher-lignan precursor (+)-pinoresinol to the noncommercially available (-)-pluviatolide via three intermediates. (-)-Pluviatolide is considered a crossroad compound in lignan biosynthesis, because the methylenedioxy bridge in its structure, resulting from the oxidation of (-)-matairesinol, channels the biosynthetic pathway toward the microtubule depolymerizer (-)-podophyllotoxin. This oxidation reaction is catalyzed with high regio- and enantioselectivity by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (CYP719A23), which was expressed and optimized regarding redox partners in E. coli. Pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase from Forsythia intermedia (FiPLR), secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase from Podophyllum pleianthum (PpSDH), and CYP719A23 were coexpressed together with a suitable NADPH-dependent reductase to ensure P450 activity, allowing for four sequential biotransformations without intermediate isolation. By using an E. coli strain coexpressing the enzymes originating from four plants, (+)-pinoresinol was efficiently converted, allowing the isolation of enantiopure (-)-pluviatolide at a concentration of 137 mg/L (ee ≥99% with 76% isolated yield).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Decembrino
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Esther Ricklefs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marco Girhard
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Schullehner
- Phytowelt Green Technologies GmbH, Kölsumer Weg 33, 41334 Nettetal, Germany
| | - Guido Jach
- Phytowelt Green Technologies GmbH, Kölsumer Weg 33, 41334 Nettetal, Germany
| | - Vlada B. Urlacher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Muhammad A, Feng X, Rasool A, Sun W, Li C. Production of plant natural products through engineered Yarrowia lipolytica. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
41
|
Sheng H, Sun X, Yan Y, Yuan Q, Wang J, Shen X. Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Flavonoids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589069. [PMID: 33117787 PMCID: PMC7576676 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites found in plant and fungus. They have been widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries owing to their significant biological activities, such as antiaging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. However, the traditional approaches for the production of flavonoids including chemical synthesis and plant extraction involved hazardous materials and complicated processes and also suffered from low product titer and yield. Microbial synthesis of flavonoids from renewable biomass such as glucose and xylose has been considered as a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for large-scale production of flavonoids. Recently, construction of microbial cell factories for efficient biosynthesis of flavonoids has gained much attention. In this article, we summarize the recent advances in microbial synthesis of flavonoids including flavanones, flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanols, and anthocyanins. We put emphasis on developing pathway construction and optimization strategies to biosynthesize flavonoids and to improve their titer and yield. Then, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives on successful strain development for large-scale production of flavonoids in an industrial level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huakang Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang R, Zhu X, Wang Q, Li X, Wang E, Zhao Q, Wang Q, Cao H. The anti-tumor effect of taxifolin on lung cancer via suppressing stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and oncogenesis in nude mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:590. [PMID: 32566617 PMCID: PMC7290558 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Taxifolin is a natural flavonoid with anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative properties. In this study, we investigated the stemness-related inhibitory effects of taxifolin in two lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H1975, as well as in A549 xenografts. Methods A549 and H1975 cells, as well as A549 xenograft BALB/c mice were treated with taxifolin. Cell viability, stemness, mobility and protein expression were tested with Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Colony formation assay, Flow cytometry, Transwell, Western blot and Immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results CCK-8 exhibited an obvious toxicity of taxifolin to both cell lines at higher dose. Then taxifolin of 0, 25, 50, and 100 µM/L were subsequently used. Taxifolin exhibited inhibitory effects on stemness and sphere formation, reduced protein expression of SOX2 and OCT4, and reduced CD133-positive cells. Furthermore, taxifolin decreased invasive cells, reduced N-cadherin and vimentin while increased E-cadherin expression, indicating that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was inhibited. All of the effects observed were exhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and A549 cells proved to be more sensitive to taxifolin than H1975 cells. Taxifolin inactivated PI3K and TCF4 protein phosphorylation; however, taxifolin was not observed to have an effect on NF-κB P65 or STAT3. Taxifolin also suppressed tumor growth in A549 xenograft BALB/c mice, with decreased SOX2 and OCT4 expression and inhibited PI3K and TCF4. Conclusions In summary, taxifolin inhibited stemness and EMT in lung cancer cells possibly via the inactivation of PI3K and OCT4. Taxifolin could be a potential prodrug or serve as an adjuvant in lung cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Enling Wang
- Department of Respiration, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- Department of Out-patient, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| |
Collapse
|