1
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van Rijn JPM, Martens M, Ammar A, Cimpan MR, Fessard V, Hoet P, Jeliazkova N, Murugadoss S, Vinković Vrček I, Willighagen EL. From papers to RDF-based integration of physicochemical data and adverse outcome pathways for nanomaterials. J Cheminform 2024; 16:49. [PMID: 38693555 PMCID: PMC11064368 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-024-00833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) have been proposed to facilitate mechanistic understanding of interactions of chemicals/materials with biological systems. Each AOP starts with a molecular initiating event (MIE) and possibly ends with adverse outcome(s) (AOs) via a series of key events (KEs). So far, the interaction of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with biomolecules, biomembranes, cells, and biological structures, in general, is not yet fully elucidated. There is also a huge lack of information on which AOPs are ENMs-relevant or -specific, despite numerous published data on toxicological endpoints they trigger, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. We propose to integrate related data and knowledge recently collected. Our approach combines the annotation of nanomaterials and their MIEs with ontology annotation to demonstrate how we can then query AOPs and biological pathway information for these materials. We conclude that a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) representation of the ENM-MIE knowledge simplifies integration with other knowledge. SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION: This study introduces a new database linking nanomaterial stressors to the first known MIE or KE. Second, it presents a reproducible workflow to analyze and summarize this knowledge. Third, this work extends the use of semantic web technologies to the field of nanoinformatics and nanosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeaphianne P M van Rijn
- Dept of Bioinformatics, BiGCaT, NUTRIM, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marvin Martens
- Dept of Bioinformatics, BiGCaT, NUTRIM, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ammar Ammar
- Dept of Bioinformatics, BiGCaT, NUTRIM, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mihaela Roxana Cimpan
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Valerie Fessard
- Fougères Laboratory, Anses, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Peter Hoet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sivakumar Murugadoss
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- SD Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Egon L Willighagen
- Dept of Bioinformatics, BiGCaT, NUTRIM, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Rusyn I, Wright FA. Ten years of using key characteristics of human carcinogens to organize and evaluate mechanistic evidence in IARC Monographs on the identification of carcinogenic hazards to humans: Patterns and associations. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:141-154. [PMID: 38141214 PMCID: PMC10901152 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic review and evaluation of mechanistic evidence using the Key Characteristics approach was proposed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2012 and used by the IARC Monographs Working Groups since 2015. Key Characteristics are 10 features of agents known to cause cancer in humans. From 2015 to 2022, a total of 19 Monographs (73 agents combined) used Key Characteristics for cancer hazard classification. We hypothesized that a retrospective analysis of applications of the Key Characteristics approach to cancer hazard classification using heterogenous mechanistic data on diverse agents would be informative for systematic reviews in decision-making. We extracted information on the conclusions, data types, and the role mechanistic data played in the cancer hazard classification from each Monograph. Statistical analyses identified patterns in the use of Key Characteristics, as well as trends and correlations among Key Characteristics, data types, and ultimate decisions. Despite gaps in data for many agents and Key Characteristics, several significant results emerged. Mechanistic data from in vivo animal, in vitro animal, and in vitro human studies were most impactful in concluding that an agent could cause cancer via a Key Characteristic. To exclude the involvement of a Key Characteristic, data from large-scale systematic in vitro testing programs such as ToxCast, were most informative. Overall, increased availability of systemized data streams, such as human in vitro data, would provide the basis for more confident and informed conclusions about both positive and negative associations and inform expert judgments on cancer hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Fred A Wright
- Department of Statistics, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
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3
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Nishikawa A, Nagano K, Kojima H, Fukushima S, Ogawa K. Pathogenesis of chemically induced nasal cavity tumors in rodents: contribution to adverse outcome pathway. J Toxicol Pathol 2024; 37:11-27. [PMID: 38283373 PMCID: PMC10811384 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2023-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of nasal cavity tumors induced in rodents has been critically reviewed. Chemical substances that induce nasal cavity tumors in rats, mice, and hamsters were searched in the National Toxicology Program (NTP), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and Japan Bioassay Research Center (JBRC) databases, in addition to PubMed. Detailed data such as animal species, administration routes, and histopathological types were extracted for induced nasal cavity tumors. Data on non-neoplastic lesions were also extracted. The relationship between the tumor type and non-neoplastic lesions at equivalent sites was analyzed to evaluate tumor pathogenesis. Genotoxicity data were also analyzed. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent lesion, regardless of the dosing route, and its precursor lesions were squamous metaplasia and/or respiratory epithelial hyperplasia, similar to squamous cell papilloma. The precursor lesions of adenocarcinoma, the second most frequent tumor type, were mainly olfactory epithelial hyperplasia, whereas those of adenoma were respiratory epithelial lesions. These pathways were consistent among species. Our results suggest that the responsible lesions may be commonly linked with chemically-induced cytotoxicity in each tumor type, irrespective of genotoxicity, and that the pathways may largely overlap between genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens. These findings may support the documentation of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), such as cytotoxicity, leading to nasal cavity tumors and the integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) for non-genotoxic carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences,
3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Nagoya Tokushukai General
Hospital, 2-52 Kouzoji-cho kita, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-0016, Japan
| | - Kasuke Nagano
- Nagano Toxicologic-Pathology Consulting, 467-7 Ojiri,
Hadano-shi, Kanagawa 257-0011, Japan
| | - Hajime Kojima
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Association for Promotion of Research on Risk Assessment,
1-134 Arako, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya 454-0869, Japan
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano-shi,
Kanagawa 257-0015, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences,
3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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4
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Overdahl KE, Tighe RM, Stapleton HM, Ferguson PL. Investigating sensitization activity of azobenzene disperse dyes via the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA). Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114108. [PMID: 37890762 PMCID: PMC10872524 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene disperse dyes are the fastest-growing category of commercial dyestuffs and have been found in indoor house dust and in children's polyester apparel. Azobenzene disperse dyes are implicated as potentially allergenic; however, little experimental data is available on allergenicity of these dyes. Here, we examine the binding of azobenzene disperse dyes to nucleophilic peptide residues as a proxy for their potential reactivity as electrophilic allergenic sensitizers. The Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) was utilized via both a spectrophotometric method and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. We tested dyes purified from commercial dyestuffs as well as several known transformation products. All dyes were found to react with nucleophilic peptides in a dose-dependent manner with pseudo-first order kinetics (rate constants as high as 0.04 h-1). Rates of binding reactivity were also found to correlate to electrophilic properties of dyes as measured by Hammett constants and electrophilicity indices. Reactivities of polyester shirt extracts were also tested for DPRA activity and the shirt extracts with high measured abundances of azobenzene disperse dyes were observed to induce greater peptide reactivity. Results suggest that azobenzene disperse dyes may function as immune sensitizers, and that clothing containing these dyes may pose risks for skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Overdahl
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - P Lee Ferguson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
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5
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Rusyn I, Wright FA. Ten Years of Using Key Characteristics of Human Carcinogens to Organize and Evaluate Mechanistic Evidence in IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans: Patterns and Associations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.11.548354. [PMID: 37503163 PMCID: PMC10369858 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.548354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Systematic review and evaluation of the mechanistic evidence only recently been instituted in cancer hazard identification step of decision-making. One example of organizing and evaluating mechanistic evidence is the Key Characteristics approach of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans. The Key Characteristics of Human Carcinogens were proposed almost 10 years ago and have been used in every IARC Monograph since 2015. We investigated the patterns and associations in the use of Key Characteristics by the independent expert Working Groups. We examined 19 Monographs (2015-2022) that evaluated 73 agents. We extracted information on the conclusions by each Working Group on the strength of evidence for agent-Key Characteristic combinations, data types that were available for decisions, and the role mechanistic data played in the final cancer hazard classification. We conducted both descriptive and association analyses within and across data types. We found that IARC Working Groups were cautious when evaluating mechanistic evidence: for only ∼13% of the agents was strong evidence assigned for any Key Characteristic. Genotoxicity and cell proliferation were most data-rich, while little evidence was available for DNA repair and immortalization Key Characteristics. Analysis of the associations among Key Characteristics revealed that only chemical's metabolic activation was significantly co-occurring with genotoxicity and cell proliferation/death. Evidence from exposed humans was limited, while mechanistic evidence from rodent studies in vivo was often available. Only genotoxicity and cell proliferation/death were strongly associated with decisions on whether mechanistic data was impactful on the final cancer hazard classification. The practice of using the Key Characteristics approach is now well-established at IARC Monographs and other government agencies and the analyses presented herein will inform the future use of mechanistic evidence in regulatory decision-making.
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6
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Yutaka K, Rie Y, Iwaki T, Fujimura C, Ohmiya Y, Nakajima Y, Omori T, Corsini E, Inoue T, Rogen EL, Kojima H, Aiba S. An international validation study of the interleukin-2 luciferase leukocyte toxicity test (IL-2 Luc LTT) to evaluate potential immunosuppressive chemicals and its performance after use with the interleukin-2 luciferase assay (IL-2 Luc assay). Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 88:105535. [PMID: 36526088 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the IL-2 Luc LTT can detect immunosuppressive effects of drugs that are attributed to their antimitotic activity. Here, we report an official validation study of the IL-2 Luc LTT. In the Phase I study that evaluated five coded chemicals, the within-laboratory reproducibility of three independent laboratories was 100.0%. In the combined results of the Phase I and II studies that evaluated 20 coded chemicals, the between-laboratory reproducibility was 92.0%. When compared with the reference data based on the previously-reported immunotoxicological information, the predictivity of the combined Phase I and II studies was 76.0% for Lab A and 72.0% for Labs B and C. In contrast, in the study in which the lead laboratory examined 37 non-pharmaceutical chemicals, the predictivity of the IL-2 Luc LTT and the IL-2 Luc assay was 48.6% and 64.9%, respectively, whereas that of the combined assays was 74.3%. It is clear that an integrated approach combining multiple assays is necessary for the development of in vitro immunosuppression testing. These data suggest that the IL-2 Luc LTT alone is not sufficient as a component of the integrated approach, but the combination of the IL-2 Luc assay and IL-2 Luc LTT is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimura Yutaka
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuno Rie
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iwaki
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Chizu Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Omori
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Tomoaki Inoue
- Former- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan
| | | | - Hajime Kojima
- Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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7
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Ter Braak B, Klip JE, Wink S, Hiemstra S, Cooper SL, Middleton A, White A, van de Water B. Mapping the dynamics of Nrf2 antioxidant and NFκB inflammatory responses by soft electrophilic chemicals in human liver cells defines the transition from adaptive to adverse responses. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 84:105419. [PMID: 35724838 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic activation and crosstalk between different cellular stress response pathways that drive cell adversity is crucial in chemical safety assessment. Various chemicals have electrophilic properties that drive cell injury responses in particular oxidative stress signaling and inflammatory signaling. Here we used bacterial artificial chromosome-based GFP cellular stress reporters with live cell confocal imaging, to systematically monitor the differential modulation of the dynamics of stress pathway activation by six different soft electrophiles: sulforaphane, andrographolide, diethyl maleate, CDDO-Me, ethacrynic acid and tert-butyl hydroquinone. The various soft electrophiles showed differential potency and dynamics of Nrf2 activation and nuclear translocation. These differences in Nrf2 dynamics correlated with distinct activation pattern of Nrf2 downstream targets SRNX1 and HMOX1. All soft electrophiles caused a strong dose dependent suppression of a cytokine-induced NFĸB response represented by suppression of NFĸB nuclear oscillation and inhibition of the downstream target gene activation A20 and ICAM1, which followed the potency of Nrf2 modulation but occurred at higher concentration close to saturation of Nrf2 activation. RNAi-based depletion of RelA resulted in a prolonged presence of Nrf2 in the nucleus after soft electrophile treatment; depletion of Nrf2 caused the induction of NFĸB signaling and activation of its downstream targets A20 and ICAM1. A systematic transcriptome analysis confirmed these effects by soft electrophiles on Nrf2 and NFκB signaling crosstalk in human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells. Altogether our data indicate that modulation of Nrf2 by soft electrophiles may have consequences for efficient inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Ter Braak
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Janna E Klip
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Steven Wink
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Steven Hiemstra
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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8
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Beal MA, Gagne M, Kulkarni SA, Patlewicz G, Thomas RS, Barton-Maclaren TS. Implementing in vitro bioactivity data to modernize priority setting of chemical inventories. ALTEX 2022; 39:123-139. [PMID: 34818430 PMCID: PMC8973434 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2106171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Internationally, there are thousands of existing and newly introduced chemicals in commerce, highlighting the ongoing importance of innovative approaches to identify emerging chemicals of concern. For many chemicals, there is a paucity of hazard and exposure data. Thus, there is a crucial need for efficient and robust approaches to address data gaps and support risk-based prioritization. Several studies have demonstrated the utility of in vitro bioactivity data from the ToxCast program in deriving points of departure (PODs). ToxCast contains data for nearly 1,400 endpoints per chemical, and the bioactivity concentrations, indicative of potential adverse outcomes, can be converted to human-equivalent PODs using high-throughput toxicokinetics (HTTK) modeling. However, data gaps need to be addressed for broader application: the limited chemical space of HTTK and quantitative high-throughput screening data. Here we explore the applicability of in silico models to address these data needs. Specifically, we used ADMET predictor for HTTK predictions and a generalized read-across approach to predict ToxCast bioactivity potency. We applied these models to profile 5,801 chemicals on Canada’s Domestic Substances List (DSL). To evaluate the approach’s performance, bioactivity PODs were compared with in vivo results from the EPA Toxicity Values database for 1,042 DSL chemicals. Comparisons demonstrated that the bioactivity PODs, based on ToxCast data or read-across, were conservative for 95% of the chemicals. Comparing bioactivity PODs to human exposure estimates supports the identification of chemicals of potential interest for further work. The bioactivity workflow shows promise as a powerful screening tool to support effective triaging of chemical inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Beal
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Matthew Gagne
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sunil A. Kulkarni
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Grace Patlewicz
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Russell S. Thomas
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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9
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Harding AL, Murdoch C, Danby S, Hasan MZ, Nakanishi H, Furuno T, Hadad S, Turner R, Colley HE. Determination of Chemical Irritation Potential Using a Defined Gene Signature Set on Tissue-Engineered Human Skin Equivalents. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100011. [PMID: 34909715 PMCID: PMC8659397 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no physical or visual manifestations that define skin sensitivity or irritation; a subjective diagnosis is made on the basis of the evaluation of clinical presentations, including burning, prickling, erythema, and itching. Adverse skin reaction in response to topically applied products is common and can limit the use of dermatological or cosmetic products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of human skin equivalents based on immortalized skin keratinocytes and evaluate the potential of a 22-gene panel in combination with multivariate analysis to discriminate between chemicals known to act as irritants and those that do not. Test compounds were applied topically to full-thickness human skin equivalent or human ex vivo skin and gene signatures determined for known irritants and nonirritants. Principle component analysis showed the discriminatory potential of the 22-gene panel. Linear discrimination analysis, performed to further refine the gene set for a more high-throughput analysis, identified a putative seven-gene panel (IL-6, PTGS2, ATF3, TRPV3, MAP3K8, HMGB2, and matrix metalloproteinase gene MMP-3) that could distinguish potential irritants from nonirritants. These data offer promise as an in vitro prediction tool, although analysis of a large chemical test set is required to further evaluate the system.
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Key Words
- CA, cinnamaldehyde
- CAP, capsaicin
- CON, control
- Co-DEA, cocamide diethanolamine
- Co-MEA, cocamide monoethanolamine
- H2O, water
- HDF, human dermal fibroblast
- HSE, human skin equivalent
- KC, keratinocyte
- LA, lactic acid
- LDA, linear discrimination analysis
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MP, methylparaben
- N-LA, neutralized lactic acid
- PCA, principal component analysis
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Harding
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Craig Murdoch, The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Danby
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Md Zobaer Hasan
- Safety Design Centre, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Furuno
- Safety Design Centre, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sirwan Hadad
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Turner
- Research Software Engineering Sheffield, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Colley
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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10
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Sachana M, Willett C, Pistollato F, Bal-Price A. The potential of mechanistic information organised within the AOP framework to increase regulatory uptake of the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) in vitro battery of assays. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 103:159-170. [PMID: 34147625 PMCID: PMC8279093 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Current in vivo DNT testing for regulatory purposes is not effective. In vitro assays anchored to key neurodevelopmental processes are available. Development of Adverse Outcome Pathways is required to increase mechanistic understanding of DNT effects. DNT Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment for various regulatory purposes should be developed. The OECD Guidance Document on use of in vitro DNT battery of assays is currently under development.
A major challenge in regulatory developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) assessment is lack of toxicological information for many compounds. Therefore, the Test Guidelines programme of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) took the initiative to coordinate an international collaboration between diverse stakeholders to consider integration of alternative approaches towards improving the current chemical DNT testing. During the past few years, a series of workshops was organized during which a consensus was reached that incorporation of a DNT testing battery that relies on in vitro assays anchored to key neurodevelopmental processes should be developed. These key developmental processes include neural progenitor cell proliferation, neuronal and oligodendrocyte differentiation, neural cell migration, neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis and neuronal network formation, as well key events identified in the existing Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs). AOPs deliver mechanistic information on the causal links between molecular initiating event, intermediate key events and an adverse outcome of regulatory concern, providing the biological context to facilitate development of Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) for various regulatory purposes. Developing IATA case studies, using mechanistic information derived from AOPs, is expected to increase scientific confidence for the use of in vitro methods within an IATA, thereby facilitating regulatory uptake. This manuscript summarizes the current state of international efforts to enhance DNT testing by using an in vitro battery of assays focusing on the role of AOPs in informing the development of IATA for different regulatory purposes, aiming to deliver an OECD guidance document on use of in vitro DNT battery of assays that include in vitro data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Sachana
- Environment Health and Safety Division, Environment Directorate, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 75775, Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Catherine Willett
- Humane Society International, 1255 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | | | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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11
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Chipinda I, Anderson SE, Siegel PD. Laboratory Techniques for Identifying Causes of Allergic Dermatitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2021; 41:423-438. [PMID: 34225898 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the laboratory's role in identifying causes of chemical-induced allergic dermatitis. Several topics will be discussed. Allergen hazard identification refers to testing of chemicals for their sensitization potential. Animal-based, in silico, in chemico, and in vitro tests have been developed to identify the skin sensitization hazard of potential chemical allergens, but only a few of these are accepted by regulatory agencies. Laboratory investigations have also evaluated the stability of several commercially available allergic contact dermatitis patch tests. Such studies are considered product testing and are usually conducted in analytical chemistry laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Chipinda
- Global Product Stewardship & Toxicology, Phillips 66, Bartlesville, OK 74003, USA
| | - Stacey E Anderson
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Paul D Siegel
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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12
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Goyak KO, Lewis RJ. Application of adverse outcome pathway networks to integrate mechanistic data informing the choice of a point of departure for hydrogen sulfide exposure limits. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:193-208. [PMID: 33905294 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1897085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide initiates a series of hallmark biological effects that occur progressively at increasing exposure levels: odor perception, conjunctivitis, olfactory paralysis, "knockdown," pulmonary edema, and apnea. Although effects of exposure to high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide are clear, effects associated with chronic, low-level exposure in humans is under debate, leading to uncertainty in the critical effect used in regulatory risk assessments addressing low dose exposures. This study integrates experimental animal, observational epidemiology, and occupational exposure evidence by applying a pathway-based approach. A hypothesized adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network was developed from 34 studies, composed of 4 AOPs sharing 1 molecular initiating events (MIE) and culminating in 4 adverse outcomes. A comparative assessment of effect levels and weight of evidence identified an AOP leading to a biologically-plausible, low-dose outcome relative to the other outcomes (nasal lesions, 30 ppm versus olfactory paralysis, >100 ppm; neurological effects, >80 ppm; pulmonary edema, >80 ppm). This AOP (i.e. AOP1) consists of the following key events: cytochrome oxidase inhibition (>10 ppm), neuronal cell loss (>30 ppm), and olfactory nasal lesions (defined as both neuronal cell loss and basal cell hyperplasia; >30 ppm) in rodents. The key event relationships in this pathway were supported by moderate empirical evidence and have high biological plausibility due to known mechanistic understanding and consistency in observations for diverse chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy O Goyak
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, NJ, USA
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13
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Nishikawa A, Nagano K, Kojima H, Ogawa K. A comprehensive review of mechanistic insights into formaldehyde-induced nasal cavity carcinogenicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 123:104937. [PMID: 33905780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer classification, formaldehyde is a human carcinogen that targets the nasal cavity. In humans and rats, inhaled formaldehyde is primarily deposited in the nasal cavity mucosa, metabolized to the less toxic formic acid, and finally excreted into the urine or exhaled. Thus, formaldehyde-induced nasal carcinogenicity may be a direct effect of formaldehyde itself, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. With regard to cytotoxicity, degeneration and necrosis of nasal respiratory cells occur in rats after short exposure to formaldehyde. Cell proliferation is increased in the damaged cells, suggesting its critical roles both in the early stages and throughout the entire process of nasal carcinogenicity. Hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, and dysplasia of the damaged epithelium frequently appear as morphological precursor lesions. With regard to genotoxicity, in addition to DNA-protein crosslinks, oxidative DNA damage also occurs in the exposed nasal mucosal cells. Sustained exposure to formaldehyde may cause nasal carcinogenicity through cytotoxicity and auxiliary genotoxicity. In this review, we discuss adverse outcome pathways through which cytotoxicity can lead to carcinogenicity and the development of integrated approaches for testing and assessment for nongenotoxic carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan; Division of Clinical Pathology, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, 911-1 Takebayashi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-0974, Japan.
| | - Kasuke Nagano
- Nagano Toxicologic-Pathology Consulting, 467-7 Ojiri, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0011, Japan
| | - Hajime Kojima
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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14
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Aksenova NA, Tcheremenskaia O, Timashev PS, Solovieva AB. Computational prediction of photosensitizers’ toxicity. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The percentage of failures in late pharmaceutical development due to toxicity has increased dramatically over the last decade or so, resulting in increased demand for new methods to rapidly and reliably predict the toxicity of compounds. Today, computational toxicology can be used in every phase of drug discovery and development, from profiling large libraries early on, to predicting off-target effects in the mid-discovery phase, and to assess potential mutagenic impurities in development and degradants as part of life-cycle management. In this study, for the first time, in silico approaches were used to analyze the possible dark toxicity of photosensitive systems based on chlorin e6 and assessed possible toxicity of these compositions. By applying quantitative structure-activity relationship models (QSARs) and modeling adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), a potential toxic effect of water-soluble (chlorin e6 and chlorin e6 aminoamid) and hydrophobic (tetraphenylporphyrin) photosensitizers (PS) was predicted. Particularly, PSs’ protein binding ability, reactivity to form peptide adducts, glutathione conjugation, activity in dendritic cells, and gene expression activity in keratinocytes were explored. Using a metabolism simulator, possible PS metabolites were predicted and their potential toxicity was assessed as well. It was shown that all tested porphyrin PS and their predicted metabolites possess low activity in the mentioned processes and therefore are unable to cause significant adverse toxic effects under dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A. Aksenova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 4 Kosygin st., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya st., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga Tcheremenskaia
- Environment and Health department, Instituto Superiore di Sanita, 299 Viale Regina Elena, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Peter S. Timashev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 4 Kosygin st., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya st., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 13, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna B. Solovieva
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 4 Kosygin st., Moscow, 119991, Russia
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15
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Basketter DA, Kimber I, Ezendam J. Predictive Tests for Irritants and Allergens: Human, Animal, and In Vitro Tests. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Madden JC, Enoch SJ, Paini A, Cronin MTD. A Review of In Silico Tools as Alternatives to Animal Testing: Principles, Resources and Applications. Altern Lab Anim 2020; 48:146-172. [PMID: 33119417 DOI: 10.1177/0261192920965977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Across the spectrum of industrial sectors, including pharmaceuticals, chemicals, personal care products, food additives and their associated regulatory agencies, there is a need to develop robust and reliable methods to reduce or replace animal testing. It is generally recognised that no single alternative method will be able to provide a one-to-one replacement for assays based on more complex toxicological endpoints. Hence, information from a combination of techniques is required. A greater understanding of the time and concentration-dependent mechanisms, underlying the interactions between chemicals and biological systems, and the sequence of events that can lead to apical effects, will help to move forward the science of reducing and replacing animal experiments. In silico modelling, in vitro assays, high-throughput screening, organ-on-a-chip technology, omics and mathematical biology, can provide complementary information to develop a complete picture of the potential response of an organism to a chemical stressor. Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) and systems biology frameworks enable relevant information from diverse sources to be logically integrated. While individual researchers do not need to be experts across all disciplines, it is useful to have a fundamental understanding of what other areas of science have to offer, and how knowledge can be integrated with other disciplines. The purpose of this review is to provide those who are unfamiliar with predictive in silico tools, with a fundamental understanding of the underlying theory. Current applications, software, barriers to acceptance, new developments and the use of integrated approaches are all discussed, with additional resources being signposted for each of the topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith C Madden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, 4589Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven J Enoch
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, 4589Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alicia Paini
- 99013European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Mark T D Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, 4589Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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17
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Gilmour N, Kern PS, Alépée N, Boislève F, Bury D, Clouet E, Hirota M, Hoffmann S, Kühnl J, Lalko JF, Mewes K, Miyazawa M, Nishida H, Osmani A, Petersohn D, Sekine S, van Vliet E, Klaric M. Development of a next generation risk assessment framework for the evaluation of skin sensitisation of cosmetic ingredients. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 116:104721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Bloch D, Marx-Stoelting P, Martin S. Towards a tiered test strategy for plant protection products to address mixture toxicity by alternative approaches in human health assessment. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3326-3332. [PMID: 32770639 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant protection products (PPPs) consist of pesticide active substances and co-formulants. Generally, active substance effects are assumed to dominate in PPP toxicity. Nevertheless, co-formulants may well affect the toxicity of PPPs via toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic interaction. To account for potential mixture effects and improve PPP data requirements for application in risk assessment, a tiered test strategy is proposed. The strategy is based on a comparison of PPP and active substance toxicity, which enables the prioritisation of PPPs for further testing, adaptation of the toxicological threshold value or removal of toxic co-formulants from the PPP. Moreover, it focuses on the integrative assessment of existing information and newly generated data using alternative test methods. The proposed strategy will improve PPP toxicological assessment by accounting for mixture toxicity, providing a set of regulatory options for risk assessment and the necessary data for hazard assessment. The predictivity of alternative methods for PPPs will improve by evaluation of their reliability and uncertainty. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by JohnWiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Bloch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Martin
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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19
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Krewski D, Andersen ME, Tyshenko MG, Krishnan K, Hartung T, Boekelheide K, Wambaugh JF, Jones D, Whelan M, Thomas R, Yauk C, Barton-Maclaren T, Cote I. Toxicity testing in the 21st century: progress in the past decade and future perspectives. Arch Toxicol 2019; 94:1-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Applying non-animal strategies for assessing skin sensitisation report from an EPAA/cefic-LRI/IFRA Europe cross sector workshop, ECHA helsinki, February 7th and 8th 2019. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 109:104477. [PMID: 31586681 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four years on since the last cross sector workshop, experience of the practical application and interpretation of several non-animal assays that contribute to the predictive identification of skin sensitisers has begun to accumulate. Non-animal methods used for hazard assessments increasingly are contributing to the potency sub-categorisation for regulatory purposes. However, workshop participants generally supported the view that there remained a pressing need to build confidence in how information from multiple methods can be combined for classification, sub-categorisation and potency assessment. Furthermore, the practical experience gained over the last few years, highlighted the overall high potential value of using the newly validated methods and testing strategies, but also that limitations for certain substance/product classes may become evident with further use as had been the case with other new regulatory methods. As the available information increases, review of the data and collated experience could further determine strengths and limitations leading to more confidence in their use. Finally, the need for a substantial and universally accepted dataset of non-sensitisers and substances of different sensitising potencies, based on combined human and in vivo animal data for validation of methods and test strategies was re-emphasised.
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21
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de Almeida AR, Oliveira LBA, Colherinhas G. Solvent effects on the spectroscopic properties of Damascone derivatives: A sequential Monte Carlo/Quantum Mechanics study. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Coccini T, De Simone U, Roccio M, Croce S, Lenta E, Zecca M, Spinillo A, Avanzini MA. In vitro toxicity screening of magnetite nanoparticles by applying mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord lining. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1320-1336. [PMID: 31211441 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in nanoparticles (NPs), their toxicity has not yet been defined and the development of new strategies and predictive models are required. Human stem cells (SCs) offer a promising and innovative cell-based model. Among SCs, mesenchymal SCs (MSCs) derived from cord lining membrane (CL) may represent a new species-specific tool for establishing efficient platforms for primary screening and toxicity/safety testing of NPs. Superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs, including magnetite (Fe3 O4 NPs), have aroused great public health and scientific concerns despite their extensive uses. In this study, CL-MSCs were characterized and applied for in vitro toxicity screening of Fe3 O4 NPs. Cytotoxicity, internalization/uptake, differentiation and proliferative capacity were evaluated after exposure to different Fe3 O4 NP concentrations. Data were compared with those obtained from bone marrow (BM)-MSCs. We observed, at early passages (P3), that: (1) cytotoxicity occurred at 10 μg/mL in CL-MSCs and 100 μg/mL in BM-MSCs (no differences in toxicity, between CL- and BM-MSCs, were observed at higher dosage, 100-300 μg/mL); (2) cell density decrease and monolayer features loss were affected at ≥50 μg/mL in CL-MSCs only; and (3) NP uptake was concentration-dependent in both MSCs. After 100 μg/mL Fe3 O4 NP exposures, the capacity of proliferation was decreased (P5-P9) in CL-MSCs without morphology alteration. Moreover, a progressive decrease of intracellular Fe3 O4 NPs was observed over culture time. Antigen surface expression and multilineage differentiation were not influenced. These findings suggest that CL-MSCs could be used as a reliable cell-based model for Fe3 O4 NP toxicity screening evaluation and support the use of this approach for improving the confidence degree on the safety of NPs to predict health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-SB, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Uliana De Simone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-SB, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marianna Roccio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Croce
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Lenta
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology/Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Paediatric Haematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arsenio Spinillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology/Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Di P, Yin Y, Jiang C, Cai Y, Li W, Tang Y, Liu G. Prediction of the skin sensitising potential and potency of compounds via mechanism-based binary and ternary classification models. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 59:204-214. [PMID: 31028860 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Skin sensitisation, one of the most frequent forms of human immune toxicity, is authenticated to be a significant endpoint in the field of drug discovery and cosmetics. Due to the drawbacks of traditional animal testing methods, in silico methods have advanced to study skin sensitisation. In this study, mechanism-based binary and ternary classification models were constructed with a comprehensive data set. 1007 compounds were collected to develop five series of local and global models based on mechanisms. In each series, compounds were classified into five groups according to EC3 values, and applied as training sets, test sets and external validation sets. For each of the five series, 81 binary classification models and 81 ternary classification models were acquired via 9 molecular fingerprints and 9 machine learning methods using a novel KNIME workflow. Meanwhile, the applicability domains for the best 10 models were figured out to certify the rationality of prediction effect. In addition, 8 toxic substructures probably causing skin sensitisation were identified to speculate whether a compound is a skin sensitiser. The mechanism-based prediction models and the toxic substructures can be applied to predict the skin sensitising potential and potency of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Di
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongmin Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Changsheng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yingchun Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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24
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Ciallella HL, Zhu H. Advancing Computational Toxicology in the Big Data Era by Artificial Intelligence: Data-Driven and Mechanism-Driven Modeling for Chemical Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:536-547. [PMID: 30907586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act became the first US legislation to advance chemical safety evaluations by utilizing novel testing approaches that reduce the testing of vertebrate animals. Central to this mission is the advancement of computational toxicology and artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative testing methods. In the current big data era, the terms volume (amount of data), velocity (growth of data), and variety (the diversity of sources) have been used to characterize the currently available chemical, in vitro, and in vivo data for toxicity modeling purposes. Furthermore, as suggested by various scientists, the variability (internal consistency or lack thereof) of publicly available data pools, such as PubChem, also presents significant computational challenges. The development of novel artificial intelligence approaches based on public massive toxicity data is urgently needed to generate new predictive models for chemical toxicity evaluations and make the developed models applicable as alternatives for evaluating untested compounds. In this procedure, traditional approaches (e.g., QSAR) purely based on chemical structures have been replaced by newly designed data-driven and mechanism-driven modeling. The resulting models realize the concept of adverse outcome pathway (AOP), which can not only directly evaluate toxicity potentials of new compounds, but also illustrate relevant toxicity mechanisms. The recent advancement of computational toxicology in the big data era has paved the road to future toxicity testing, which will significantly impact on the public health.
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25
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Dose-dependence of chemical carcinogenicity: Biological mechanisms for thresholds and implications for risk assessment. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 301:112-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Predictive Tests for Irritants and Allergens: Human, Animal, and In Vitro Tests. Contact Dermatitis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_13-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Wilm A, Kühnl J, Kirchmair J. Computational approaches for skin sensitization prediction. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:738-760. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1528207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Wilm
- Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- HITeC e.V, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kühnl
- Front End Innovation, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kirchmair
- Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit (CBU), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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28
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A highly sensitive and selective high pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS) method for the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA). J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 94:1-15. [PMID: 30099091 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the HPLC/UV (high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-violet spectrometry)-based DPRA (Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay) identifies dermal sensitizers with approximately 80% accuracy, the low selectivity and sensitivity of the HPLC/UV-based DPRA poses challenges to accurately identify the sensitization potential of certain chemicals. In this study, a high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS)-based DPRA was developed and validated according to the test guideline (OECD TG 442C). The final results were compared with the results from the traditional HPLC/UV-based guideline DPRA. This HPLC/MS-MS-based DPRA demonstrated similar performance compared to HPLC/UV-based DPRA using known dermal sensitizers and non-sensitizers according to the test guideline (OECD TG 442C). Following the validation, a challenge set of chemicals with either overlapping retention time with peptides, or higher hydrophobicity or chemicals potentially forming non-covalent interactions with peptides were assessed for dermal sensitization potential using both methods and the results were compared to existing in vivo data. The HPLC/MS-MS-based DPRA correctly predicted these chemicals as sensitizers or non-sensitizers; however, the HPLC/UV-based DPRA resulted in false-positive predictions for hydrophobic substances, chemicals with UV peaks overlapping with those of the peptide(s), and compounds that non-covalently interact with the peptides. These findings demonstrate the broader applicability and better sensitivity and selectivity of the LC/MS-MS-based DPRA over the traditional HPLC/UV-based guideline DPRA.
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29
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Fay KA, Villeneuve DL, Swintek J, Edwards SW, Nelms MD, Blackwell BR, Ankley GT. Differentiating Pathway-Specific From Nonspecific Effects in High-Throughput Toxicity Data: A Foundation for Prioritizing Adverse Outcome Pathway Development. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:500-515. [PMID: 29529260 PMCID: PMC6820004 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ToxCast program has screened thousands of chemicals for biological activity, primarily using high-throughput in vitro bioassays. Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) offer a means to link pathway-specific biological activities with potential apical effects relevant to risk assessors. Thus, efforts are underway to develop AOPs relevant to pathway-specific perturbations detected in ToxCast assays. Previous work identified a "cytotoxic burst" (CTB) phenomenon wherein large numbers of the ToxCast assays begin to respond at or near test chemical concentrations that elicit cytotoxicity, and a statistical approach to defining the bounds of the CTB was developed. To focus AOP development on the molecular targets corresponding to ToxCast assays indicating pathway-specific effects, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify which assays most frequently respond at concentrations below the CTB. A preliminary list of potentially important, target-specific assays was determined by ranking assays by the fraction of chemical hits below the CTB compared with the number of chemicals tested. Additional priority assays were identified using a diagnostic-odds-ratio approach which gives greater ranking to assays with high specificity but low responsivity. Combined, the two prioritization methods identified several novel targets (e.g., peripheral benzodiazepine and progesterone receptors) to prioritize for AOP development, and affirmed the importance of a number of existing AOPs aligned with ToxCast targets (e.g., thyroperoxidase, estrogen receptor, aromatase). The prioritization approaches did not appear to be influenced by inter-assay differences in chemical bioavailability. Furthermore, the outcomes were robust based on a variety of different parameters used to define the CTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie A. Fay
- University of Minnesota-Duluth, Biology Department; 1035 Kirby Drive, Swenson Science Building 207, Duluth, MN 55812
- CSRA Inc, Science and Engineering, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804
| | - Joe Swintek
- Badger Technical Services, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804
| | - Stephen W. Edwards
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr. (MD B105-03), RTP, NC 27711
- RTI International, Research Computing Division, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, Durham, NC 27709
| | - Mark D. Nelms
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr. (MD B105-03), RTP, NC 27711
| | - Brett R. Blackwell
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804
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Kleinstreuer NC, Hoffmann S, Alépée N, Allen D, Ashikaga T, Casey W, Clouet E, Cluzel M, Desprez B, Gellatly N, Göbel C, Kern PS, Klaric M, Kühnl J, Martinozzi-Teissier S, Mewes K, Miyazawa M, Strickland J, van Vliet E, Zang Q, Petersohn D. Non-animal methods to predict skin sensitization (II): an assessment of defined approaches *. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:359-374. [PMID: 29474122 PMCID: PMC7393691 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1429386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin sensitization is a toxicity endpoint of widespread concern, for which the mechanistic understanding and concurrent necessity for non-animal testing approaches have evolved to a critical juncture, with many available options for predicting sensitization without using animals. Cosmetics Europe and the National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods collaborated to analyze the performance of multiple non-animal data integration approaches for the skin sensitization safety assessment of cosmetics ingredients. The Cosmetics Europe Skin Tolerance Task Force (STTF) collected and generated data on 128 substances in multiple in vitro and in chemico skin sensitization assays selected based on a systematic assessment by the STTF. These assays, together with certain in silico predictions, are key components of various non-animal testing strategies that have been submitted to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development as case studies for skin sensitization. Curated murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) and human skin sensitization data were used to evaluate the performance of six defined approaches, comprising eight non-animal testing strategies, for both hazard and potency characterization. Defined approaches examined included consensus methods, artificial neural networks, support vector machine models, Bayesian networks, and decision trees, most of which were reproduced using open source software tools. Multiple non-animal testing strategies incorporating in vitro, in chemico, and in silico inputs demonstrated equivalent or superior performance to the LLNA when compared to both animal and human data for skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Kleinstreuer
- NIH/NIEHS/DNTP/NICEATM, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Stop K2-16, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA; NK, 1-919-541-7997,; WC, 1-919-316-4729,
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- seh consulting + services, Stembergring 15, 33106 Paderborn, Germany; +4952518700566;
| | - Nathalie Alépée
- L’Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France; NA, ; SM-T,
| | - David Allen
- ILS, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA, 1-919-281-1110; DA, ; JS, ; QZ,
| | - Takao Ashikaga
- Shiseido, 2-2-1, Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 224-8558, Japan. Current Address: Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM), National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Warren Casey
- NIH/NIEHS/DNTP/NICEATM, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Stop K2-16, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA; NK, 1-919-541-7997,; WC, 1-919-316-4729,
| | - Elodie Clouet
- Pierre Fabre, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31100 Toulouse, France;
| | - Magalie Cluzel
- LVMH, 185 avenue de Verdun, 45804 St Jean de Braye, France;
| | - Bertrand Desprez
- Cosmetics Europe, Avenue Herrmann Debroux 40, 1160 Brussels, Belgium; BD, ; MK,
| | - Nichola Gellatly
- Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Bedford, United Kingdom. Current address: NC3Rs, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, United Kingdom;
| | | | - Petra S. Kern
- Procter & Gamble Services Company NV, Temselaan 100, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium;
| | - Martina Klaric
- Cosmetics Europe, Avenue Herrmann Debroux 40, 1160 Brussels, Belgium; BD, ; MK,
| | - Jochen Kühnl
- Beiersdorf AG, Unnastraße 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany;
| | | | - Karsten Mewes
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Henkelstraße 67, 40589 Düsseldorf, Germany; KM, ; DP,
| | - Masaaki Miyazawa
- Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan;
| | - Judy Strickland
- ILS, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA, 1-919-281-1110; DA, ; JS, ; QZ,
| | - Erwin van Vliet
- Services & Consultations on Alternative Methods (SeCAM), Via Campagnora 1, 6983, Magliaso, Switzerland;
| | - Qingda Zang
- ILS, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA, 1-919-281-1110; DA, ; JS, ; QZ,
| | - Dirk Petersohn
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Henkelstraße 67, 40589 Düsseldorf, Germany; KM, ; DP,
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31
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Del Bufalo A, Pauloin T, Alepee N, Clouzeau J, Detroyer A, Eilstein J, Gomes C, Nocairi H, Piroird C, Rousset F, Tourneix F, Basketter D, Martinozzi Teissier S. Alternative Integrated Testing for Skin Sensitization: Assuring Consumer Safety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Bal-Price A, Hogberg HT, Crofton KM, Daneshian M, FitzGerald RE, Fritsche E, Heinonen T, Hougaard Bennekou S, Klima S, Piersma AH, Sachana M, Shafer TJ, Terron A, Monnet-Tschudi F, Viviani B, Waldmann T, Westerink RHS, Wilks MF, Witters H, Zurich MG, Leist M. Recommendation on test readiness criteria for new approach methods in toxicology: Exemplified for developmental neurotoxicity. ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2018; 35:306-352. [PMID: 29485663 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1712081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple non-animal-based test methods have never been formally validated. In order to use such new approach methods (NAMs) in a regulatory context, criteria to define their readiness are necessary. The field of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing is used to exemplify the application of readiness criteria. The costs and number of untested chemicals are overwhelming for in vivo DNT testing. Thus, there is a need for inexpensive, high-throughput NAMs, to obtain initial information on potential hazards, and to allow prioritization for further testing. A background on the regulatory and scientific status of DNT testing is provided showing different types of test readiness levels, depending on the intended use of data from NAMs. Readiness criteria, compiled during a stakeholder workshop, uniting scientists from academia, industry and regulatory authorities are presented. An important step beyond the listing of criteria, was the suggestion for a preliminary scoring scheme. On this basis a (semi)-quantitative analysis process was assembled on test readiness of 17 NAMs with respect to various uses (e.g. prioritization/screening, risk assessment). The scoring results suggest that several assays are currently at high readiness levels. Therefore, suggestions are made on how DNT NAMs may be assembled into an integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA). In parallel, the testing state in these assays was compiled for more than 1000 compounds. Finally, a vision is presented on how further NAM development may be guided by knowledge of signaling pathways necessary for brain development, DNT pathophysiology, and relevant adverse outcome pathways (AOP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (EC JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Helena T Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M Crofton
- National Centre for Computational Toxicology, US EPA, RTP, Washington, NC, USA
| | - Mardas Daneshian
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rex E FitzGerald
- Swiss Centre for Human Applied Toxicology, SCAHT, University of Basle, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine & Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tuula Heinonen
- Finnish Centre for Alternative Methods (FICAM), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Stefanie Klima
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, and Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalini Sachana
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- National Centre for Computational Toxicology, US EPA, RTP, Washington, NC, USA
| | | | - Florianne Monnet-Tschudi
- Swiss Centre for Human Applied Toxicology, SCAHT, University of Basle, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Viviani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Tanja Waldmann
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin F Wilks
- Swiss Centre for Human Applied Toxicology, SCAHT, University of Basle, Switzerland
| | - Hilda Witters
- VITO, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Mol, Belgium
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Swiss Centre for Human Applied Toxicology, SCAHT, University of Basle, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Leist
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Challenges for Integrating Immunotoxicology into the Twenty-First-Century Toxicology Testing Paradigm. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1803:385-396. [PMID: 29882151 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8549-4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An emerging emphasis on mechanism-focused and human-relevant alternatives to animal use in toxicology underlies the toxicology testing in the twenty-first-century initiative. Herein we describe in vitro high-throughput screening programs seeking to address this goal, as well as strategies established to integrate assay results to build weight of evidence in support of hazard assessment. Furthermore, we discuss unique challenges facing the application of such alternatives for assessing immunotoxicity given the complexity of immune responses. Addressing these challenges will require the development of novel in vitro assays that evaluate well-characterized biochemical processes involved in immune response to help inform on putative adverse outcomes in vivo.
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34
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Cronin MT, Richarz AN. Relationship Between Adverse Outcome Pathways and Chemistry-BasedIn SilicoModels to Predict Toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T.D. Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | - Andrea-Nicole Richarz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Ispra, Italy
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35
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De Simone U, Caloni F, Gribaldo L, Coccini T. Human Co-culture Model of Neurons and Astrocytes to Test Acute Cytotoxicity of Neurotoxic Compounds. Int J Toxicol 2017; 36:463-477. [PMID: 29153031 DOI: 10.1177/1091581817739428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alternative methods and their use in planning and conducting toxicology experiments have become essential for modern toxicologists, thus reducing or replacing living animals. Although in vitro human co-culture models allow the establishment of biologically relevant cell-cell interactions that recapitulate the tissue microenvironment and better mimic its physiology, the number of publications is limited specifically addressing this scientific area and utilizing this test method which could provide an additional valuable model in toxicological studies. In the present study, an in vitro model based on central nervous system (CNS) cell co-cultures was implemented using a transwell system combining human neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y cell line) and glial cells, namely astrocytes (D384 cell line), to investigate neuroprotection of D384 on SH-SY5Y and vice versa. The model was applied to test acute (24-48 hours) cytotoxicity of 3 different neurotoxicants: (1) methyl mercury (1-2.5 μM), (2) Fe3O4 nanoparticles (1-100 μg/mL), and (3) methylglyoxal (0.5-1 mM). Data were compared to mono-cultures evaluating the mitochondrial function and cell morphology. The results clearly showed that all compounds tested affected the mitochondrial activity and cell morphology in both mono-culture and co-culture conditions. However, astrocytes, when cultured together with neurons, diminish the neurotoxicant-induced cytotoxic effects that occurred in neurons cultured alone, and astrocytes become more resistant in the presence of neurons. This human CNS co-culture system seems a suitable cell model to feed high-throughput acute screening platforms and to evaluate both human neuronal and astrocytic toxicity and neuroprotective effects of new and emerging materials (eg, nanomaterials) and new products with improved sensitivity due to the functional neuron-astrocyte metabolic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uliana De Simone
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-Benefit Corporation, IRCCS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caloni
- 2 Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Gribaldo
- 3 European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods Unit, Ispra, Italy
| | - Teresa Coccini
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-Benefit Corporation, IRCCS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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36
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Sachana M, Leinala E. Approaching Chemical Safety Assessment Through Application of Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment: Combining Mechanistic Information Derived from Adverse Outcome Pathways and Alternative Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Sachana
- Environment Health and Safety Division, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France
| | - Eeva Leinala
- Environment Health and Safety Division, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France
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37
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Gabbert S, Leontaridou M, Landsiedel R. A Critical Review of Adverse Outcome Pathway-Based Concepts and Tools for Integrating Information from Nonanimal Testing Methods: The Case of Skin Sensitization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Gabbert
- Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Leontaridou
- Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Current status of alternative methods for assessing immunotoxicity: A chemical industry perspective. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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39
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Madden J, Webb S, Enoch S, Colley H, Murdoch C, Shipley R, Sharma P, Yang C, Cronin M. In silico prediction of skin metabolism and its implication in toxicity assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Otsubo Y, Nishijo T, Miyazawa M, Saito K, Mizumachi H, Sakaguchi H. Binary test battery with KeratinoSens™ and h-CLAT as part of a bottom-up approach for skin sensitization hazard prediction. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 88:118-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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41
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Kugler J, Huhse B, Tralau T, Luch A. Embryonic stem cells and the next generation of developmental toxicity testing. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:833-841. [PMID: 28675072 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1351548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The advent of stem cell technology has seen the establishment of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as molecular model systems and screening tools. Although ESCs are nowadays widely used in research, regulatory implementation for developmental toxicity testing is pending. Areas Covered: This review evaluates the performance of current ESC, including human (h)ESC testing systems, trying to elucidate their potential for developmental toxicity testing. It shall discuss defining parameters and mechanisms, their relevance and contemplate what can realistically be expected. Crucially this includes the question of how to ascertain the quality of currently employed cell lines and tests based thereon. Finally, the use of hESCs will raise ethical concerns which should be addressed early on. Expert Opinion: While the suitability of (h)ESCs as tools for research and development goes undisputed, any routine use for developmental toxicity testing currently still seems premature. The reasons for this comprise inherent biological deficiencies as well as cell line quality and system validation. Overcoming these issues will require collaboration of scientists, test developers and regulators. Also, validation needs to be made worthwhile for academia. Finally we have to continuously rethink existing strategies, making room for improved testing and innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Kugler
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Bettina Huhse
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
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42
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Vinken M, Knapen D, Vergauwen L, Hengstler JG, Angrish M, Whelan M. Adverse outcome pathways: a concise introduction for toxicologists. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3697-3707. [PMID: 28660287 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are designed to provide a clear-cut mechanistic representation of critical toxicological effects that propagate over different layers of biological organization from the initial interaction of a chemical with a molecular target to an adverse outcome at the individual or population level. Adverse outcome pathways are currently gaining momentum, especially in view of their many potential applications as pragmatic tools in the fields of human toxicology, ecotoxicology, and risk assessment. A number of guidance documents, issued by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, as well as landmark papers, outlining best practices to develop, assess and use AOPs, have been published in the last few years. The present paper provides a synopsis of the main principles related to the AOP framework for the toxicologist less familiar with this area, followed by two case studies relevant for human toxicology and ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michelle Angrish
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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43
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Roberts DW, Patlewicz G. Non-animal assessment of skin sensitization hazard: Is an integrated testing strategy needed, and if so what should be integrated? J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:41-50. [PMID: 28543848 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is an expectation that to meet regulatory requirements, and avoid or minimize animal testing, integrated approaches to testing and assessment will be needed that rely on assays representing key events (KEs) in the skin sensitization adverse outcome pathway. Three non-animal assays have been formally validated and regulatory adopted: the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), the KeratinoSens™ assay and the human cell line activation test (h-CLAT). There have been many efforts to develop integrated approaches to testing and assessment with the "two out of three" approach attracting much attention. Here a set of 271 chemicals with mouse, human and non-animal sensitization test data was evaluated to compare the predictive performances of the three individual non-animal assays, their binary combinations and the "two out of three" approach in predicting skin sensitization potential. The most predictive approach was to use both the DPRA and h-CLAT as follows: (1) perform DPRA - if positive, classify as sensitizing, and (2) if negative, perform h-CLAT - a positive outcome denotes a sensitizer, a negative, a non-sensitizer. With this approach, 85% (local lymph node assay) and 93% (human) of non-sensitizer predictions were correct, whereas the "two out of three" approach had 69% (local lymph node assay) and 79% (human) of non-sensitizer predictions correct. The findings are consistent with the argument, supported by published quantitative mechanistic models that only the first KE needs to be modeled. All three assays model this KE to an extent. The value of using more than one assay depends on how the different assays compensate for each other's technical limitations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Grace Patlewicz
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT), US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Research Triangle Park (RTP), NC, 27711, USA
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44
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Clouet E, Kerdine-Römer S, Ferret PJ. Comparison and validation of an in vitro skin sensitization strategy using a data set of 33 chemical references. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:374-385. [PMID: 28539215 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an adverse health effect that develops following repeated exposure to skin sensitizing chemicals. An animal testing ban has been applied in EU, leading to development of reliably predictive non-animal methods. Several in vitro methods have been developed as alternatives but one single non-animal test method is not been sufficient to fully address since the LLNA test ban. Here, we have selected an ITS (Integrated Testing Strategy) for skin sensitization which focuses on three in vitro methods that covered the first three steps of the AOP (DPRA, SENS-IS or h-CLAT). The aim of this study was to compare these three methods due to the WoE approach based on a 2-out-of-3-assessment. The results of 33 references were compared to in vivo data (especially human). We have shown that tested firstly DPRA and SENS-IS have permitted to conclude on 29 of 33 chemicals, whereas DPRA and h-CLAT on 25, and SENS-IS and h-CLAT on 23. With this sequence, DPRA and SENS-IS and then h-CLAT in case of equivocal results, we conclude more quickly by performing fewer tests. Thereby, we have shown that it is better to follow a preferential sequence than testing chemicals simultaneously with these three methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Clouet
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics Research & Development, Toxicology Division, Safety Department, Toulouse, France; UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, INSERM, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Saadia Kerdine-Römer
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, INSERM, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Pierre-Jacques Ferret
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics Research & Development, Toxicology Division, Safety Department, Toulouse, France
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45
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Braga RC, Alves VM, Muratov EN, Strickland J, Kleinstreuer N, Trospsha A, Andrade CH. Pred-Skin: A Fast and Reliable Web Application to Assess Skin Sensitization Effect of Chemicals. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:1013-1017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolpho C. Braga
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Vinicius M. Alves
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-170, Brazil
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Eugene N. Muratov
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Chemical Technology, Odessa National Polytechnic University, Odessa, 65000, Ukraine
| | - Judy Strickland
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- National
Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative
Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Alexander Trospsha
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-170, Brazil
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Przybylak K, Madden J, Covey-Crump E, Gibson L, Barber C, Patel M, Cronin M. Characterisation of data resources for in silico modelling: benchmark datasets for ADME properties. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 14:169-181. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1316449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.R. Przybylak
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - J.C. Madden
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - L. Gibson
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, Leeds, UK
| | - C. Barber
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, Leeds, UK
| | - M. Patel
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, Leeds, UK
| | - M.T.D. Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Fitzpatrick JM, Patlewicz G. Application of IATA - A case study in evaluating the global and local performance of a Bayesian network model for skin sensitization. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 28:297-310. [PMID: 28423913 PMCID: PMC6284231 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2017.1311941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The information characterizing key events in an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) can be generated from in silico, in chemico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. Integration of this information and interpretation for decision making are known as integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA). One such IATA was published by Jaworska et al., which describes a Bayesian network model known as ITS-2. The current work evaluated the performance of ITS-2 using a stratified cross-validation approach. We also characterized the impact of replacing the most significant component of the network, output from the expert system TIMES-SS, with structural alert information from the OECD Toolbox and Toxtree. Lack of structural alerts or TIMES-SS predictions yielded a sensitization potential prediction of 79%. If the TIMES-SS prediction was replaced by a structural alert indicator, the network predictivity increased up to 87%. The original network's predictivity was 89%. The local applicability domain of the original ITS-2 network was also evaluated using reaction mechanistic domains to understand what types of chemicals ITS-2 was able to make the best predictions for. We found that the original network was successful at predicting which chemicals would be sensitizers, but not at predicting their potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fitzpatrick
- a National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT), US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) , Durham , USA
| | - G Patlewicz
- a National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT), US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) , Durham , USA
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48
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Petry T, Bosch A, Coste X, Eigler D, Germain P, Seidel S, Jean PA. Evaluation of in vitro assays for the assessment of the skin sensitization hazard of functional polysiloxanes and silanes. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 84:64-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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49
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Wittwehr C, Aladjov H, Ankley G, Byrne HJ, de Knecht J, Heinzle E, Klambauer G, Landesmann B, Luijten M, MacKay C, Maxwell G, Meek MEB, Paini A, Perkins E, Sobanski T, Villeneuve D, Waters KM, Whelan M. How Adverse Outcome Pathways Can Aid the Development and Use of Computational Prediction Models for Regulatory Toxicology. Toxicol Sci 2017; 155:326-336. [PMID: 27994170 PMCID: PMC5340205 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts are underway to transform regulatory toxicology and chemical safety assessment from a largely empirical science based on direct observation of apical toxicity outcomes in whole organism toxicity tests to a predictive one in which outcomes and risk are inferred from accumulated mechanistic understanding. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework provides a systematic approach for organizing knowledge that may support such inference. Likewise, computational models of biological systems at various scales provide another means and platform to integrate current biological understanding to facilitate inference and extrapolation. We argue that the systematic organization of knowledge into AOP frameworks can inform and help direct the design and development of computational prediction models that can further enhance the utility of mechanistic and in silico data for chemical safety assessment. This concept was explored as part of a workshop on AOP-Informed Predictive Modeling Approaches for Regulatory Toxicology held September 24-25, 2015. Examples of AOP-informed model development and its application to the assessment of chemicals for skin sensitization and multiple modes of endocrine disruption are provided. The role of problem formulation, not only as a critical phase of risk assessment, but also as guide for both AOP and complementary model development is described. Finally, a proposal for actively engaging the modeling community in AOP-informed computational model development is made. The contents serve as a vision for how AOPs can be leveraged to facilitate development of computational prediction models needed to support the next generation of chemical safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerald Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804
| | | | - Joop de Knecht
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, MA 3721, The Netherlands
| | - Elmar Heinzle
- Universität des Saarlandes, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Mirjam Luijten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, MA 3721, The Netherlands
| | - Cameron MacKay
- Unilever Safety and Environmenta Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Gavin Maxwell
- Unilever Safety and Environmenta Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | | | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra 21027, Italy
| | - Edward Perkins
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180
| | | | - Dan Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804
| | - Katrina M Waters
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra 21027, Italy
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50
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Wang CC, Lin YC, Wang SS, Shih C, Lin YH, Tung CW. SkinSensDB: a curated database for skin sensitization assays. J Cheminform 2017; 9:5. [PMID: 28194231 PMCID: PMC5285290 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-017-0194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin sensitization is an important toxicological endpoint for chemical hazard determination and safety assessment. Prediction of chemical skin sensitizer had traditionally relied on data from rodent models. The development of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) and associated alternative in vitro assays have reshaped the assessment of skin sensitizers. The integration of multiple assays as key events in the AOP has been shown to have improved prediction performance. Current computational models to predict skin sensitization mainly based on in vivo assays without incorporating alternative in vitro assays. However, there are few freely available databases integrating both the in vivo and the in vitro skin sensitization assays for development of AOP-based skin sensitization prediction models. To facilitate the development of AOP-based prediction models, a skin sensitization database named SkinSensDB has been constructed by curating data from published AOP-related assays. In addition to providing datasets for developing computational models, SkinSensDB is equipped with browsing and search tools which enable the assessment of new compounds for their skin sensitization potentials based on data from structurally similar compounds. SkinSensDB is publicly available at http://cwtung.kmu.edu.tw/skinsensdb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan.,PhD Program in Toxicology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan.,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan.,PhD Program in Toxicology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
| | - Chieh Shih
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Tung
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan.,PhD Program in Toxicology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan.,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
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