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Arend AK, Blechert J, Yanagida T, Voderholzer U, Reichenberger J. Emotional food craving across the eating disorder spectrum: an ecological momentary assessment study. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:58. [PMID: 39264507 PMCID: PMC11393200 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Emotional eating during negative emotions might underlie disordered eating behavior (i.e., binge eating and food restriction). Positive emotions, by contrast, seem to promote healthier eating behavior. Naturalistic research on the links between emotions and eating across individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-purge anorexia nervosa (AN-BP), and restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN-R) is, however, lacking. METHODS Individuals without eating disorders (comparison group, CG, n = 85), and patients with BED (n = 41), BN (n = 50), AN-BP (n = 26), and AN-R (n = 29) participated in an ecological momentary assessment study. Six daily notifications over eight days prompted ratings of momentary food craving and emotional states differing in valence and arousal. RESULTS Results supported specific emotion-food-craving patterns in each group. Compared to the CG, arousing negative emotions and higher cravings co-occurred in patients with BN. In patients with AN-BP (at trend level also in patients with AN-R) less arousing negative emotions and lower cravings co-occurred. In patients with AN, positive emotions and higher cravings co-occurred whereas in patients with BED less arousing positive emotions and lower cravings co-occurred. CONCLUSION The found emotion-craving associations may underlie group-specific (dys-)functional eating behaviors, i.e., binge eating and food restriction during negative emotions in patients with BN and AN, and normalized appetitive responses during positive emotions in patients with BED and AN. Therapeutic efforts could target arousing negative emotions in patients with BN, and less arousing negative emotions in patients with AN. Positive emotions could be used in a salutogenetic approach in patients with BED and AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Arend
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Takuya Yanagida
- School of Applied Health and Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Voderholzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Reichenberger
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Telles S, Gupta A, Sharma SK, Balkrishna A. Volitionally Regulated Breathing with Prolonged Expiration Influences Food Craving and Impulsivity. Complement Med Res 2024; 31:376-389. [PMID: 38955170 DOI: 10.1159/000539618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previously, an intervention involving volitional slow breathing reduced trait food craving with protective effects on cardiac vagal activity (CVA). Breathing with a low inspiration-to-expiration (i/e) ratio also increases CVA. High CVA was separately associated with low unregulated eating and lesser impulsivity. Hence, the present study assessed breathing with a low i/e for effects on state food craving, hunger and satiety, state impulsivity, and heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy obese persons. METHODS Forty obese persons were randomized to two groups. The intervention group (mean age ± SD, 41.15 ± 12.63, M:F, 10:10) practiced metronome-regulated breathing with low i/e at 12 breaths per minute (expiration 72% of total breath duration) and attained expiration 55.8% of total breath duration, while the active control group (mean age ± SD, 44.45 ± 11.06, M:F, 13:07) sat motionless and directed their gaze and awareness to the stationary metronome without modifying their breath consciously. The HRV was recorded before, during, and after breathing intervention (or control) (standard limb lead I, acquisition at 2,000 Hz, with an LF filter = 0.5 Hz and HF filter = 50 Hz). Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV parameters were obtained with Kubios software. State food craving, and hunger and satiety were recorded before and after the intervention/control. RESULTS The intervention group decreased total state food craving scores and the sub-domains (i.e., desire to eat, positive reinforcement, lack of control and hunger), increased current satisfaction with food, decreased total state impulsivity (repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.05 in all cases), increased HF-HRV and RMSSD (linear mixed model analyses with age and gender as fixed factors; p < 0.05 in all cases) during the intervention compared to the preceding baseline. The intervention group also showed an increase in positive mood and a decrease in aroused and negative mood states. CONCLUSION Changes in state food craving and impulsivity could be related to an increase in HRV or to changes in subjective relaxation and positive mood or to both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ami Gupta
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, India
- Department of Yoga Science, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
| | | | - Acharya Balkrishna
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, India
- Department of Yoga Science, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
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Flynn M, Campbell IC, Schmidt U. Concurrent self-administered transcranial direct current stimulation and attention bias modification training in binge eating disorder: feasibility randomised sham-controlled trial. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e118. [PMID: 38840537 PMCID: PMC11363089 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2024.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge eating disorder (BED) is a common and disabling condition, typically presenting with multiple psychiatric and obesity-related comorbidities. Evidence-based treatments are either resource-intensive (psychotherapies) or have side-effects (medications): these achieve remission in around 50% of cases. Novel treatments are needed. AIMS This randomised sham-controlled trial aimed to assess feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of at-home, self-administered transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and attention bias modification training (ABMT) in adults with binge eating disorder. METHOD Eighty-two participants with binge eating disorder were randomly allocated to real tDCS with ABMT, sham tDCS with ABMT, ABMT only or waitlist control. Intervention groups received ten sessions of their allocated treatment over 2-3 weeks. tDCS (2 mA, 20 min) was self-administered using a bilateral (anode right/cathode left) montage targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-treatment and 6-week follow-up. RESULTS Prespecified feasibility criteria (recruitment ≥80 participants and retention rate ≥75%) were exceeded, and treatment completion rates were high (98.7%). All interventions reduced binge eating episodes, eating disorder symptoms and related psychopathology between baseline and follow-up, relative to waitlist control (medium-to-large between-group effect sizes for change scores). Small-to-medium effect sizes for change scores favoured real tDCS with ABMT versus comparators, suggesting the verum intervention produces superior outcomes. CONCLUSIONS At-home, self-administered tDCS with ABMT is feasible and acceptable, and preliminary data on efficacy are promising. This approach could be a useful and scalable alternative or adjunct to established treatments for binge eating disorder. Confirmatory trials can, and should, be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Flynn
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Iain C. Campbell
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and Outpatient Eating Disorder Service, Maudsley Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Kersten A, Lorenz A, Nottmeier C, Schmidt M, Roesner A, Richter FC, Röhrborn K, Witte AV, Hahnel S, Koehne T, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Rohde-Zimmermann K, Schamarek I. The Obese Taste Bud study: Objectives and study design. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2054-2068. [PMID: 38618969 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Taste modifies eating behaviour, impacting body weight and potentially obesity development. The Obese Taste Bud (OTB) Study is a prospective cohort study launched in 2020 at the University of Leipzig Obesity Centre in cooperation with the HI-MAG Institute. OTB will test the hypothesis that taste cell homeostasis and taste perception are linked to obesity. Here, we provide the study design, data collection process and baseline characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants presenting overweight, obesity or normal weight undergo taste and smell tests, anthropometric, and taste bud density (TBD) assessment on Day 1. Information on physical and mental health, eating behaviour, physical activity, and dental hygiene are obtained, while biomaterial (saliva, tongue swap, blood) is collected in the fasted state. Further blood samples are taken during a glucose tolerance test. A stool sample is collected at home prior to Day 2, on which a taste bud biopsy follows dental examination. A subsample undergoes functional magnetic resonance imaging while exposed to eating-related cognitive tasks. Follow-up investigations after conventional weight loss interventions and bariatric surgery will be included. RESULTS Initial results show that glycated haemoglobin levels and age are negatively associated with TBD, while an unfavourable metabolic profile, current dieting, and vegan diet are related to taste perception. Olfactory function negatively correlates with age and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSION Initial findings suggest that metabolic alterations are relevant for taste and smell function and TBD. By combining omics data from collected biomaterial with physiological, metabolic and psychological data related to taste perception and eating behaviour, the OTB study aims to strengthen our understanding of taste perception in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kersten
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Lorenz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cita Nottmeier
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Clinic of Prosthodontics, University Clinic of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anuschka Roesner
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital Freiburg Centre for Dental Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Christoph Richter
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Röhrborn
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University Leipzig and the University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic of Prosthodontics, University Clinic of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Till Koehne
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University Leipzig and the University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University Leipzig and the University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rohde-Zimmermann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University Leipzig and the University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Imke Schamarek
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University Leipzig and the University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Devoto F, Mariano M, Gornetti E, Paulesu E, Zapparoli L. Trait food craving predicts functional connectivity between dopaminergic midbrain and the fusiform food area during eating imagery. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1396376. [PMID: 38774434 PMCID: PMC11107427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1396376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofunctional coupling between the dopaminergic midbrain (i.e., ventral tegmental area, VTA) and higher-order visual regions may contribute to food craving, leading to the onset or maintenance of obesity. We recently showed that the VTA resting-state functional connectivity with the occipitotemporal cortex, at the level of the fusiform gyrus (FFG), was specifically associated with trait food craving and the implicit bias for food images, suggesting that VTA-FFG connectivity may reflect the association between the visual representations of food and its motivational properties. To further test this hypothesis, this time we studied task-based functional connectivity in twenty-eight healthy-weight participants while imagining eating their most liked high-calorie (HC) or least liked low-calorie food (LC) or drinking water (control condition). Trait food craving scores were used to predict changes in task-based functional connectivity of the VTA during imagery of HC compared to LC foods (relative to the control condition). Trait food craving was positively associated with the functional connectivity of the VTA with the left FFG: people with higher trait food craving scores show stronger VTA-FFG connectivity, specifically for the imagery of the liked HC foods. This association was not linked to the quality of imagery nor to state measures of craving, appetite, or thirst. These findings emphasize the contribution of the functional coupling between dopaminergic midbrain and higher-order visual regions to food craving, suggesting a neurofunctional mechanism by which the mental representations of the HC food we like can become much more salient if not irresistible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francantonio Devoto
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi – Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Mariano
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi – Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Gornetti
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi – Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Eraldo Paulesu
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi – Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- fMRI Unit, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Zapparoli
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi – Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- fMRI Unit, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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de Oliveira J. The body asks and the mind judges: Internal and external factors involved. L'ENCEPHALE 2024; 50:121-122. [PMID: 37604712 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jônatas de Oliveira
- School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, FMUSP, avenue Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
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Ward SJ, Coates AM, Baldock KL, Berryman C, Hill AM. Characterising concurrent pain experience and dietary patterns in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a feasibility study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:13. [PMID: 38254236 PMCID: PMC10801926 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nutrition-related factors linked to pain chronicity and disability include weight status and dietary behaviours. Dietary patterns associated with concurrent pain episodes, however, remain poorly characterised. This paper outlines the protocol for a feasibility study that aims to characterise pain-related dietary and lifestyle behaviours in people experiencing chronic musculoskeletal pain. METHODS The study will recruit participants who experience musculoskeletal pain on 5 or more days of the week for at least 3 months. Participants will attend two in-person clinic visits where physical measurements and a series of pain and lifestyle questionnaires will be completed. Visits will be conducted pre and post a 2-week self-monitoring period where participants will self-report concurrent diet, sleep, mood, and pain on four days and will wear a wrist-worn activity monitor (GENEActiv). Key feasibility metrics will evaluate participant recruitment, enrolment and retention rates, and compliance with the study data collection protocol. DISCUSSION There remains a lack of evidence behind dietary advice as an adjunct pain management tool. Upon completion of the protocol, feasibility outcomes will identify challenges to guide the design and delivery of a dietary intervention for chronic musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Ward
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Alison M Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Katherine L Baldock
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Carolyn Berryman
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Innovation IMPlementation And Clinical Translation (IIMPACT), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alison M Hill
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
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de Oliveira J, Stelmo IDC, Figueredo LS, de Freitas CC. Very low-calorie ketogenic diet in the treatment of adaptive thermogenesis: A case report. Nutrition 2024; 117:112252. [PMID: 37897984 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The management of the phenomenon of adaptive thermogenesis poses a challenge to the successful treatment of overweight/obesity with a nutritional intervention that minimizes the loss of muscle mass, with little cognitive restraint use and disorganization of eating behavior. On the other hand, it creates a significant calorie deficit for the reduction of body fat. The aim of this case report was to discuss the effects of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet in a woman with obesity and low resting metabolic rate. CASE DESCRIPTION A 36-y-old white woman with a history of obesity and bulimia nervosa who has had difficulty losing and maintaining weight despite numerous dietary and pharmacologic treatments. RESULTS There was a loss of 12 kg in 115 d, reaching 13.4 kg, with 11.4 kg of fat mass (FM). The resting metabolic rate showed an increase of 79% in relation to the initial rate, reaching normal levels for the predictive equations and maintaining this level in the first-year follow-up. Additionally, improvement of metabolic laboratory parameters and eating behavior traits were described. CONCLUSIONS In this specific case of bulimia nervosa resulting in hypometabolism (low resting metabolic rate/fat-free mass) and obesity, the very low-calorie ketogenic diet intervention has demonstrated a possibility of weight loss with little cognitive restraint use, thereby increasing resting metabolic rate in the short and medium terms, ultimately promoting a negative energy balance. In relation to the numeric results, it seems positive; however, more research is necessary to evaluate the effects on the overall relationship with food and its long-term repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leandro Silva Figueredo
- A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo - R. Maestro Cardim, São Paulo - SP 01323-001, Brazil
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Miele C, Cabé J, Cabé N, Bertsch I, Brousse G, Pereira B, Moulin V, Barrault S. Measuring craving: A systematic review and mapping of assessment instruments. What about sexual craving? Addiction 2023; 118:2277-2314. [PMID: 37493019 DOI: 10.1111/add.16287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Craving is central in the definition of addictive disorders because of its diagnostic and prognostic value. Its measurement is essential in clinical practice. Previous reviews provided a better overview of existing instruments; however, they do not consider emerging substances and behaviors such as sexual addictions. Our objectives were threefold: (1) to provide a systematic review of craving assessment instruments and their psychometric characteristics within a transdiagnostic approach, (2) to highlight and map their conceptual relationships and (3) to identify potential sexual craving assessment instruments. METHODS The review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo and Cochrane/Central databases were searched for publications that met the following inclusion criterion: validation studies of craving assessment instruments, regardless of target substance or behavior. The original search identified 4561 references and included 147 articles. Each selected study was a peer-reviewed publication. RESULTS This review provides a synthesis of the psychometric properties of 36 original instruments and identified 93 variations of these instruments (e.g. translations). We were able to highlight five transdiagnostic families of instruments, each corresponding to a conceptual model. Only one instrument for assessing craving in the domain of compulsive sexual behavior, focused on pornography use, has been identified: the Pornography Craving Questionnaire. CONCLUSION This review mapped all craving assessment instruments from a transdiagnostic perspective, finding 36 original instruments and 93 variations. The evolution of instruments to measure craving mirrors the evolution of the concept of craving which has progressively integrated cognitive, conditioning and sensory dimensions, and attests to the importance of the context of assessment. Development of an instrument to measure 'sexual craving' is needed and could be based on the data from our review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Miele
- Laboratory QualiPsy, EE1901, Psychology Department, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Service d'Addictologie et de pathologies duelles, Pôle de psychiatrie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP/PC2S) Université de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Cabé
- Service d'Addictologie et de pathologies duelles, Pôle de psychiatrie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Cabé
- Service d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND 'Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders', Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Ingrid Bertsch
- Laboratory QualiPsy, EE1901, Psychology Department, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Unité de Consultation Psychiatrique Post-Pénale (UC3P), CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- Service d'Addictologie et de pathologies duelles, Pôle de psychiatrie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Moulin
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP/PC2S) Université de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Servane Barrault
- Laboratory QualiPsy, EE1901, Psychology Department, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Centre de Soins d'Accompagnement et de Prévention en Addictologie (CSAPA 37), CHRU of Tours, Tours, France
- Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Processes, University of Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Huang J, Wang C, Zhang HB, Zheng H, Huang T, Di JZ. Neuroimaging and neuroendocrine insights into food cravings and appetite interventions in obesity. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2023; 3:kkad023. [PMID: 38666104 PMCID: PMC10917384 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This article reviews the previous studies on the distinction between food cravings and appetite, and how they are regulated by hormones and reflected in brain activity. Based on existing research, food cravings are defined as individual preferences influenced by hormones and psychological factors, which differ from appetite, as they are not necessarily related to hunger or nutritional needs. The article also evaluates the neuroimaging findings about food cravings, and interventions to reduce food cravings, such as mindfulness training, alternative sweeteners, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and imaginal retraining, and points out their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. Furthermore, the article delves into the potential future directions in the field, emphasizing the need for a neuroendocrine perspective, considerations for associated psychiatric disorders, innovative clinical interventions, and emerging therapeutic frontiers in obesity management. The article outlines the neuro-endocrine basis of food cravings, including ghrelin, leptin, melanocortin, oxytocin, glucagon-like peptide-1, baclofen, and other hormones and their brain regions of action. The article argues that food cravings are an important target for obesity, and more research is needed to explore their complex characteristics and mechanisms, and how to effectively interact with their neuro-endocrine pathways. The article provides a new perspective and approach to the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hang-Bin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Centre for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Centre for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Xuhui Health Care Commission, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Di
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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Chatterjee A, Mazumder S, Das K. Reversing food preference through multisensory exposure. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288695. [PMID: 37471412 PMCID: PMC10359010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiencing food craving is nearly ubiquitous and has several negative pathological impacts prompting an increase in recent craving-related research. Food cue-reactivity tasks are often used to study craving, but most paradigms ignore the individual food preferences of participants, which could confound the findings. We explored the neuropsychological correlates of food craving preference using psychophysical tasks on human participants considering their individual food preferences in a multisensory food exposure set-up. Participants were grouped into Liked Food Exposure (LFE), Disliked Food Exposure (DFE), and Neutral Control (NEC) based on their preference for sweet and savory items. Participants reported their momentary craving for the displayed food stimuli through the desire scale and bidding scale (willingness to pay) pre and post multisensory exposure. Participants were exposed to food items they either liked or disliked. Our results asserted the effect of the multisensory food exposure showing a statistically significant increase in food craving for DFE participants postexposure to disliked food items. Using computational models and statistical methods, we also show that the desire for food does not necessarily translate to a willingness to pay every time, and instantaneous subjective valuation of food craving is an important parameter for subsequent action. Our results further demonstrate the role of parietal N200 and centro-parietal P300 in reversing food preference and possibly point to the decrease of inhibitory control in up-regulating craving for disliked food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Chatterjee
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, India
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Satyaki Mazumder
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Koel Das
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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12
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Harris NM, Lindeman RW, Bah CSF, Gerhard D, Hoermann S. Eliciting real cravings with virtual food: Using immersive technologies to explore the effects of food stimuli in virtual reality. Front Psychol 2023; 14:956585. [PMID: 37138992 PMCID: PMC10149689 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.956585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we explore the current technical possibilities of eating in virtual reality (VR) and show how this could be used to influence eating behaviors. Cue-based exposure therapy is a well-known method used to treat eating disorders. There are several benefits to using VR in combination with cue-based therapy. However, before VR-based cue-exposure can be used for therapeutic purposes, the ability of the VR environment to elicit craving responses in participants must be assessed. This was the objective of the first part of the study, where we assessed whether our VR environment elicited food craving responses in participants. Results showed that our VR environment elicited food craving responses: Salivation Magnitude, Food Craving State and Urge to Eat was significantly different from the neutral baseline. In addition, results showed that food cravings measured through the salivation magnitude in response to the virtual condition were not significantly different from the real condition, thus showing that VR had a comparable effect on producing food cravings. The second part of the study was conducted to determine whether the addition of olfactory and interaction cues in VR increased the development of food cravings. The results of this part showed that adding synthetic olfactory cues, paired with visual cues, to our system, provided a significant further increase in food cravings. Our results demonstrate that the use of food cues in VR can increase the development of food cravings and that it is possible to provide a simple yet convincing eating experience in VR. Inevitably, food interaction in VR is still underexplored territory and further research is needed to improve utility and application in disciplines related to food and eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mae Harris
- HIT Lab NZ, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Product Design, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Clara Shui Fern Bah
- Research and Innovation, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Gerhard
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Simon Hoermann
- HIT Lab NZ, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Product Design, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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13
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Gehlenborg J, Göritz AS, Moritz S, Kühn S. Long-term effects of imaginal retraining in overweight and obesity: A controlled study. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 78:101794. [PMID: 36435539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaginal retraining (IR) is a self-help technique that targets automatic approach tendencies toward appetitive stimuli. In a randomized controlled trial (RCT; N = 384), IR reduced craving for high-calorie foods after a six-week intervention period (small effect). The aim of the present study was to evaluate long-term effects of IR in this sample. METHODS One year after baseline, participants from the initial RCT were recontacted. A visual analogue scale measuring craving, the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r), the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, quality of life, and subjective appraisal of the intervention were assessed online. Participants were classified as users or nonusers based on self-reported usage of IR over the previous year. RESULTS Linear-mixed models showed no significant interaction effects of time and group for any outcome (trend level effects were found for two subscales of the FCQ-T-r). Yet, higher usage of IR was associated with greater symptom reduction. Although overall subjective appraisal of the intervention was comparably good to the initial study, usage of IR and completion rate were unsatisfactory. LIMITATIONS Main limitations of the present study include the nonrandomized group allocation and the low completion rate. CONCLUSIONS This study did not find evidence for the long-term efficacy of IR in individuals with craving for high-calorie foods. Only upon high usage of IR, improvement was found. However, low completion rate and usage of the intervention may have resulted in a Type-II error. Future studies may consider low-intensity professional guidance to increase adherence and assess the long-term effects of IR in RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Gehlenborg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anja S Göritz
- Department of Occupational and Consumer Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Jacobson MM, Gardner AM, Handley CE, Smith MW, Christensen WF, Hancock CR, Joseph PV, Larson MJ, Martin CK, LeCheminant JD. Body shape perception in men and women without obesity during caloric restriction: a secondary analysis from the CALERIE study. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:20. [PMID: 36805838 PMCID: PMC9941245 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine body shape perception in 218 adults without obesity or history of eating disorders during caloric restriction (CR). METHODS Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) is a 2-year, randomized clinical trial using a 2:1 assignment (CR, 25% reduction in calories; Control, typical diet). For this secondary analysis, we examined perceived body shape using the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Analyses of BSQ scores are reported by group, over time, by sex, and by BMI. Data for body fat percentage, symptoms of depression, food cravings, maximal oxygen consumption, and stress were analyzed for their association with BSQ scores. RESULTS Compared to control, CR reduced BSQ scores. Women tended to have greater concern with body shape than men across all measurement times. There was no difference in change in BSQ scores at 12 or 24 months between those with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 or ≥ 25 kg/m2. Change in body fat percentage was most correlated with change in BSQ score from 0 to 12 (r = 0.39) and 0-24 months (r = 0.38). For change in BSQ score, Akaike/ Bayesian information criterion (AIC/BIC) found that the model of best fit included the following three change predictors: change in body fat percentage, depression symptoms, and food cravings. For 0-12 months, AIC/BIC = 1482.0/1505.6 and for 0-24 months AIC/BIC = 1364.8/1386.5. CONCLUSIONS CR is associated with reduced concern for body shape in men and women without obesity and with no history of eating disorders. Body shape perception among this sample was complex and influenced by multiple factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maci M Jacobson
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
| | - Alexis M Gardner
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Camilla E Handley
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Michael W Smith
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | | | - Chad R Hancock
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Paule V Joseph
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - James D LeCheminant
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
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15
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Jacob R, Provencher V, Panahi S, Tremblay A, Drapeau V. Eating behaviour traits mediate the association between satiety responsiveness and energy intake among individuals with overweight and obesity. Appetite 2023; 180:106373. [PMID: 36384208 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Whether eating behaviour traits represent factors that could explain the susceptibility to overeating in individuals with low satiety responsiveness remain to be extensively examined. This study aimed to assess if eating behaviours mediate the association between satiety responsiveness and energy intake. Baseline data from individuals with overweight or obesity (n = 303; age = 38.7 ± 8.4 years; BMI = 33.2 ± 3.4 kg/m2, 56% women) who participated in four weight-loss studies were included in this cross-sectional study. Satiety responsiveness was determined by the satiety quotient (SQ) based on fullness sensations in response to a standardized breakfast. Energy intake was self-reported in a three-day food record and measured by an ad libitum buffet meal. Eating behaviours were assessed with questionnaires. Mediation analyses adjusted for age and sex, and for underreporting for the food record, were performed using a regression-based and bootstrapping approach. The association between SQ and self-reported total energy intake was mediated by susceptibility to hunger (β = -2.51 ± 1.26, 95% CI, -5.38 to -0.52) and its subscales, internal and external locus of hunger (β = -2.00 ± 1.10, 95% CI, -4.50 to -0.28 and β = -2.42 ± 1.29, 95% CI, -5.30 to -0.30, respectively). Susceptibility to hunger (β = -2.71 ± 1.13, 95% CI, -5.29 to -0.84), internal and external locus of hunger (β = -1.84 ± 0.95, 95% CI -4.00 to -0.30 and β = -3.42 ± 1.31, 95% CI, -6.39 to -1.24, respectively), cues that may trigger food cravings (β = -5.43 ± 2.91, 95% CI, -11.83 to -0.44) and state-craving as a physiological state (β = -4.31 ± 2.51, 95%CI, -10.14 to -0.44) also mediated the association between SQ and measured energy intake. These results suggest that susceptibility to hunger and food cravings partly explained the susceptibility to overeating among individuals with low satiety responsiveness. Interventions targeting susceptibility to hunger and food cravings may thus be helpful to prevent overeating among these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Jacob
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Shirin Panahi
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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16
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Ghobadi-Azbari P, Mahdavifar Khayati R, Ekhtiari H. Habituation or sensitization of brain response to food cues: Temporal dynamic analysis in an functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1076711. [PMID: 36875231 PMCID: PMC9983367 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1076711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the modern obesogenic environment, heightened reactivity to food-associated cues plays a major role in overconsumption by evoking appetitive responses. Accordingly, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have implicated regions of the salience and rewards processing in this dysfunctional food cue-reactivity, but the temporal dynamics of brain activation (sensitization or habituation over time) remain poorly understood. Methods Forty-nine obese or overweight adults were scanned in a single fMRI session to examine brain activation during the performance of a food cue-reactivity task. A general linear model (GLM) was used to validate the activation pattern of food cue reactivity in food > neutral contrast. The linear mixed effect models were used to examine the effect of time on the neuronal response during the paradigm of food cue reactivity. Neuro-behavioral relationships were investigated with Pearson's correlation tests and group factor analysis (GFA). Results A linear mixed-effect model revealed a trend for the time-by-condition interactions in the left medial amygdala [t(289) = 2.21, β = 0.1, P = 0.028], right lateral amygdala [t(289) = 2.01, β = 0.26, P = 0.045], right nucleus accumbens (NAc) [t(289) = 2.81, β = 0.13, P = 0.005] and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) [t(289) = 2.58, β = 0.14, P = 0.01], as well as in the left superior temporal cortex [42 Area: t(289) = 2.53, β = 0.15, P = 0.012; TE1.0_TE1.2 Area: t(289) = 3.13, β = 0.27, P = 0.002]. Habituation of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal during exposure to food vs. neutral stimuli was evident in these regions. We have not found any area in the brain with significant increased response to food-related cues over time (sensitization). Our results elucidate the temporal dynamics of cue-reactivity in overweight and obese individuals with food-induced craving. Both subcortical areas involved in reward processing and cortical areas involved in inhibitory processing are getting habituated over time in response to food vs. neutral cues. There were significant bivariate correlations between self-report behavioral/psychological measures with individual habituation slopes for the regions with dynamic activity, but no robust cross-unit latent factors were identified between the behavioral, demographic, and self-report psychological groups. Discussion This work provides novel insights into dynamic neural circuit mechanisms supporting food cue reactivity, thereby suggesting pathways in biomarker development and cue-desensitization interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, United States
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17
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Ghanbari N, Nooripour R, Firoozabadi A, Var TSP, Wisniewski P, Hosseini SR. Psychometric assessment of Persian translation of Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) in Iranian college students. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:158. [PMID: 36357951 PMCID: PMC9650813 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction at the individual level causes physical and mental health problems, impairs individuals' social functioning, and causes dysfunction in the family system. Therefore, a tool to identify this behavioral disorder is one of the health requirements of communities. This research aimed to investigate the psychometric assessment of the Persian translation of Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) in Iranian college students. METHOD This research was cross-sectional descriptive, and 451 students were selected by convenience sampling method. Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0 (YFAS 2.0), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait, reduced (FCQ-T-r) were used to collect data. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that single-factor model provides a good fit to data (SRMR = 0.078; CFI = 0.94; NFI = 0.92; IFI = 0.94; RFI = 0.91; GFI = 0.90; RMSEA = 0.078). The YFAS's 2.0 positive correlations with three DASS-21 subscales ranged from 0.30 to 0.39, and Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait, reduced (FCQ-T-r) ranged from 0.58 to 0.72. All correlations were statistically significant, indicating acceptable convergent validity (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The validity of the Persian questionnaire translation has been confirmed. Researchers and specialists can use this scale to diagnose food addiction for research or diagnostic purposes in Iranian society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikzad Ghanbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghieh Nooripour
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Firoozabadi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tabassom Saeid Par Var
- Addiction Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pamela Wisniewski
- Department of Computer Science Faculty Fellow, Flowers Family in Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Seyed Ruhollah Hosseini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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18
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Ghobadi-Azbari P, Mahdavifar Khayati R, Sangchooli A, Ekhtiari H. Task-Dependent Effective Connectivity of the Reward Network During Food Cue-Reactivity: A Dynamic Causal Modeling Investigation. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:899605. [PMID: 35813594 PMCID: PMC9263922 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.899605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural reactivity to food cues may play a central role in overeating and excess weight gain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have implicated regions of the reward network in dysfunctional food cue-reactivity, but neural interactions underlying observed patterns of signal change remain poorly understood. Fifty overweight and obese participants with self-reported cue-induced food craving viewed food and neutral cues during fMRI scanning. Regions of the reward network with significantly greater food versus neutral cue-reactivity were used to specify plausible models of task-related neural interactions underlying the observed blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal, and a bi-hemispheric winning model was identified in a dynamic causal modeling (DCM) framework. Neuro-behavioral correlations are investigated with group factor analysis (GFA) and Pearson's correlation tests. The ventral tegmental area (VTA), amygdalae, and orbitofrontal cortices (OFC) showed significant food cue-reactivity. DCM suggests these activations are produced by largely reciprocal dynamic signaling between these regions, with food cues causing regional disinhibition and an apparent shifting of activity to the right amygdala. Intrinsic self-inhibition in the VTA and right amygdala is negatively correlated with measures of food craving and hunger and right-amygdalar disinhibition by food cues is associated with the intensity of cue-induced food craving, but no robust cross-unit latent factors were identified between the neural group and behavioral or demographic variable groups. Our results suggest a rich array of dynamic signals drive reward network cue-reactivity, with the amygdalae mediating much of the dynamic signaling between the VTA and OFCs. Neuro-behavioral correlations suggest particularly crucial roles for the VTA, right amygdala, and the right OFC-amygdala connection but the more robust GFA identified no cross-unit factors, so these correlations should be interpreted with caution. This investigation provides novel insights into dynamic circuit mechanisms with etiologic relevance to obesity, suggesting pathways in biomarker development and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arshiya Sangchooli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, United States
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19
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Verain M, van den Puttelaar J, Zandstra E, Lion R, de Vogel-van den Bosch J, Hoonhout H, Onwezen M. Variability of Food Choice Motives: Two Dutch studies showing variation across meal moment, location and social context. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Nymo S, Børresen Skjølsvold O, Aukan M, Finlayson G, Græslie H, Mårvik R, Kulseng B, Sandvik J, Martins C. Suboptimal Weight Loss 13 Years After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Is Hedonic Hunger, Eating Behaviour and Food Reward to Blame? Obes Surg 2022; 32:2263-2271. [PMID: 35505168 PMCID: PMC9276719 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Suboptimal weight loss (SWL) and weight regain (WR) following bariatric surgery are common. The exact reasons for this phenomenon remain to be fully elucidated. To compare hedonic hunger, food preferences, food reward and eating behaviour traits between participants with SWL and optimal weight loss (OWL) 13 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Materials and Method Cross-sectional case control study where participants experiencing SWL or OWL (< or ≥ 50% of excess weight, respectively) post-RYGB were compared to a non-surgical control group matched for pre-operative body mass index. Hedonic hunger (Power of Food Scale), implicit and explicit liking and wanting for high-fat and low-fat savoury and sweet food (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire) and eating behaviour (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Food Cravings Questionnaires State and Trait-reduced) were assessed. Results In total, 75 participants were recruited from the bariatric surgery observation study (BAROBS). Disinhibition, hunger, emotional, external and restrained eating, frequency of cravings and hedonic hunger were lower in the OWL, compared with the SWL and/or control groups. Implicit wanting and explicit liking and wanting for high-fat savoury and high-fat sweet food were lower, and implicit wanting for low-fat savoury food higher, in the OWL, compared with the SWL and/or control groups. Conclusion SWL 13 years after RYGB is associated with dysfunctional eating behaviours, increased preference and reward for high-fat food and increased hedonic hunger. Future longitudinal studies are needed to establish the cause-effect relationship between these variables. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11695-022-06075-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siren Nymo
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 5, 7030, Forsyningssenteret, Trondheim, Norway. .,Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. .,Clinic of Surgery, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Namsos, Norway. .,Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Oda Børresen Skjølsvold
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 5, 7030, Forsyningssenteret, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marthe Aukan
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 5, 7030, Forsyningssenteret, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hallvard Græslie
- Clinic of Surgery, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Namsos, Norway.,Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ronald Mårvik
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 5, 7030, Forsyningssenteret, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bård Kulseng
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 5, 7030, Forsyningssenteret, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jorunn Sandvik
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 5, 7030, Forsyningssenteret, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Surgery, Ålesund Hospital, Møre- og Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway.,Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Catia Martins
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 5, 7030, Forsyningssenteret, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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21
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Ghobadi-Azbari P, Malmir N, Vartanian M, Mahdavifar-Khayati R, Robatmili S, Hadian V, Derafsheh S, Nitsche MA, Nosratabadi M, Farhoudian A, Ekhtiari H. Transcranial direct current stimulation to modulate brain reactivity to food cues in overweight and obese adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial with fMRI (NeuroStim-Obesity). Trials 2022; 23:297. [PMID: 35413923 PMCID: PMC9003175 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With increasing obese populations worldwide, developing interventions to modulate food-related brain processes and functions is particularly important. Evidence suggests that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may modulate the reward–control balance towards facilitation of cognitive control and possible suppression of reward-related mechanisms that drive food cue-induced craving. This protocol describes a clinical trial that investigates the neurocognitive mechanisms of action for tDCS to modulate food cue-reactivity and cravings in people with obesity. Method The NeuroStim-Obesity trial is a prospective, randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind single-session tDCS trial targeting food craving in those with obesity or overweighed. Once randomized, 64 adults with obesity or overweighed complete one session in which they receive either active or sham tDCS over the DLPFC (anode F4 and cathode F3, 2 mA intensity for 20 min). The primary outcome is change in neural response to the food cue-reactivity task in the ventral striatum after a single-session bilateral tDCS compared to sham stimulation. Secondary outcomes include changes in food craving evaluated by the Food Craving Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S). We will also explore the predictive role of brain structure and functional networks assessed by structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during both task performance and the resting-state that are acquired pre- and post-intervention to predict response to tDCS. Discussion The results will provide novel insight into neuroscience for the efficacy of tDCS and will advance the field towards precision medicine for obesity. Exploratory results will examine the potential predictive biomarkers for tDCS response and eventually provide personalized intervention for the treatment of obesity. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) IRCT20121020011172N4. Retrospectively registered on 4 June 2020
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Ghobadi-Azbari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Malmir
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | - Somaye Robatmili
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Venus Hadian
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Derafsheh
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Masoud Nosratabadi
- Department of Psychology, Paarand Center for Human Enhancement, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Farhoudian
- Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Legget KT, Cornier MA, Erpelding C, Lawful BP, Bear JJ, Kronberg E, Tregellas JR. An implicit priming intervention alters brain and behavioral responses to high-calorie foods: a randomized controlled study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1194-1204. [PMID: 35030242 PMCID: PMC8970978 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conditioned food cues (e.g., smell, sight) can affect intake of foods associated with those cues, regardless of homeostatic need. As such, altering automatic associations with food cues could support weight loss or maintenance efforts by affecting the salience of those cues and the effort required to resist consumption. OBJECTIVES This study investigated neuronal and behavioral effects of an implicit priming (IP) intervention, in which negatively valenced images were paired with high-calorie foods and positively valenced images with low-calorie foods. Priming images were presented immediately before food images, but below conscious perception (20 ms). We hypothesized that this evaluative conditioning approach could alter food cue responses by modifying affective associations. METHODS The final sample included 41 adults with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (n = 22, active IP; n = 19, control IP). In control IP, food images were primed with neutral, scrambled images. Participants completed a visual food cue task during fMRI, both before and after IP. To determine the replicability of prior behavioral findings, food image ratings were completed before and after IP as a secondary outcome. RESULTS In a whole-brain analysis, reduced dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) response to high-calorie foods was observed after active compared with control IP (t = 4.93, P = 0.033). With a region of interest analysis, reduced response to high-calorie foods in active compared with control IP was also observed in the striatum (t = 2.40, P = 0.009) and insula (t = 2.38, P = 0.010). Active compared with control IP was associated with reduced high-calorie food ratings (F = 4.70, P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Reduced insula and striatum response to high-calorie foods after active compared with control IP suggests effectiveness of IP in altering food cue salience. Reduced dlPFC response to high-calorie foods after active compared with control IP may reflect fewer attentional resources being directed to those images and reduced engagement of inhibitory processes.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02347527.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christina Erpelding
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin P Lawful
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joshua J Bear
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eugene Kronberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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23
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Cognitive Defusion as Strategy to Reduce the Intensity of Craving Episodes and Improve Eating Behavior. THE SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 25:e1. [DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2021.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The elaborated intrusion theory of desire proposes that craving is a cognitive motivational process involving intrusive thoughts. Changing the way we react to them, cognitive defusion (CD), should limit thought elaboration and craving. We induced chocolate craving in female chocolate cravers before CD (Study 1). A decrease in craving measured by a single-item scale, Visual Analogical Scale (VAS; p < .001, ηp2 = .449) and as a state, State Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ-S; p = .029, ηp2 = .106) were found in the experimental group, while similar results were also found in group control. The reduction in craving (VAS) in group CD correlated negatively with chocolate consumption on a bogus taste test (r = –.439, p = .036), while the correlation was positive in the case of group control (r = .429, p = .047). Food craving as a trait, measured by the Trait Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ-T), showed negative correlations with measures of CD and mindfulness skills (lowest r = –.313, p = .018). In Study 2 participants made use of a smartphone application implementing the CD procedure in real contexts whenever they experienced food craving. A corresponding decline in self-reported craving was found, as well as in consumption of the craved food (indulgence) compared with the control condition. Our findings indicate that CD may be a promising intervention for tackling the elaboration of intrusive thoughts and eating behavior in young female food cravers, both in a controlled laboratory environment after a cue-food exposure craving induction procedure, as well as responding to naturally occurring food cravings in real-life settings.
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24
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Burton Murray H, Zhang F, Manasse SM, Forman EM, Butryn ML, Juarascio AS. Validation of the food craving Acceptance and action questionnaire (FAAQ) in a weight loss-seeking sample. Appetite 2022; 168:105680. [PMID: 34487734 PMCID: PMC8671291 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Food Craving Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (FAAQ) was developed to measure psychological flexibility around food-related internal experiences (e.g., thoughts, feelings, urges) and has two subscales, acceptance and willingness. However, the FAAQ factor structure has not yet been systematically validated with a clinically relevant sample. METHODS Two weight-loss treatment seeking samples (total N = 462; 80.4% female) ages 18 to 70 (M = 52.6, SD = 9.8) completed the FAAQ before and after group-based treatment of overweight or obesity. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis on the FAAQ's previously observed two-factor model produced poor model fit. An alternative 7-item model removing specific items that contributed to poor fit and were conceptually relevant to remove provided good model fit. The resulting revised 7-item FAAQ (items 1,3,6 removed) had adequate internal consistency and significant predictive validity for the Total score and subscales, and showed initial construct validity for the Total score. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study suggest researchers and clinicians should now use the 7-item FAAQ-II, which retains the Willingness and Acceptance subscales. Future research is needed with other relevant samples to confirm the FAAQ-II's factor structure and psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Burton Murray
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton 226, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton 226, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Center for Neurointestinal Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Fengqing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton 226, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton 226, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie M Manasse
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton 226, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Evan M Forman
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton 226, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton 226, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Meghan L Butryn
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton 226, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton 226, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adrienne S Juarascio
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton 226, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton 226, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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25
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Remenapp A, Coyle K, Orange T, Lynch T, Hooper D, Hooper S, Conway K, Hausenblas HA. Efficacy of Withania somnifera supplementation on adult's cognition and mood. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 13:100510. [PMID: 34838432 PMCID: PMC8728079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of a proprietary Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root and leaf extract (NooGandha® Specnova LLC, USA) supplement for improving cognitive abilities, cortisol levels, and self-reported mood, stress, food cravings, and anxiety with adults who have perceived stress. Healthy adults (n = 43 women and n = 17 men; mean age = 34.41 years) who reported experiencing perceived stress were randomized to the following groups: Ashwagandha (400 mg/d), Ashwagandha (225 mg/d), and placebo for 30 days. The following outcomes were assessed at Day 0, Day 15, and Day 30: saliva cortisol levels, cognitive performance (i.e., CNS vital signs), and the self-reported measures of Trait Anxiety Inventory, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Food Cravings Questionnaire-15. For the self-report assessments, significant main effects for time were evidenced for anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and food cravings, p's < 0.01. The main effect for group and the interactions were non-significant. For the CNS vital signs, significant differences were observed in cognitive flexibility, visual memory, reaction time, psychomotor speed, and executive functioning, p's < 0.05, with the Ashwagandha groups often out-performing the placebo group. Both Ashwagandha groups had reductions in cortisol levels over time, with significant reductions evidenced for the Ashwagandha 225 mg/d group from Day 0 to Day 15 to Day 30. The placebo group had a non-significant increase in cortisol levels from Day 0 to Day 15–30. No adverse events were reported. In conclusion, Ashwagandha supplementation may improve the physiological, cognitive, and psychological effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Remenapp
- Center for Health and Human Performance, Jacksonville University, USA
| | - K Coyle
- Center for Health and Human Performance, Jacksonville University, USA
| | - T Orange
- Center for Health and Human Performance, Jacksonville University, USA
| | - T Lynch
- Center for Health and Human Performance, Jacksonville University, USA
| | - D Hooper
- Center for Health and Human Performance, Jacksonville University, USA
| | - S Hooper
- Center for Health and Human Performance, Jacksonville University, USA
| | - K Conway
- Center for Health and Human Performance, Jacksonville University, USA
| | - H A Hausenblas
- Center for Health and Human Performance, Jacksonville University, USA.
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26
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Oral Capsaicinoid Administration Alters the Plasma Endocannabinoidome and Fecal Microbiota of Reproductive-Aged Women Living with Overweight and Obesity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091246. [PMID: 34572432 PMCID: PMC8471891 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicinoids, the pungent principles of chili peppers and prototypical activators of the transient receptor potential of the vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel, which is a member of the expanded endocannabinoid system known as the endocannabinoidome (eCBome), counteract food intake and obesity. In this exploratory study, we examined the blood and stools from a subset of the participants in a cohort of reproductive-aged women with overweight/obesity who underwent a 12-week caloric restriction of 500 kcal/day with the administration of capsaicinoids (two capsules containing 100 mg of a capsicum annuum extract (CAE) each for a daily dose of 4 mg of capsaicinoids) or a placebo. Samples were collected immediately before and after the intervention, and plasma eCBome mediator levels (from 23 participants in total, 13 placebo and 10 CAE) and fecal microbiota taxa (from 15 participants in total, 9 placebo and 6 CAE) were profiled using LC-MS/MS and 16S metagenomic sequencing, respectively. CAE prevented the reduced caloric-intake-induced decrease in beneficial eCBome mediators, i.e., the TRPV1, GPR119 and/or PPARα agonists, N-oleoyl-ethanolamine, N-linoleoyl-ethanolamine and 2-oleoyl-glycerol, as well as the anti-inflammatory N-acyl-ethanolamines N-docosapentaenyl-ethanolamine and N-docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine. CAE produced few but important alterations in the fecal microbiota, such as an increased relative abundance of the genus Flavonifractor, which is known to be inversely associated with obesity. Correlations between eCBome mediators and other potentially beneficial taxa were also observed, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of the existence of a link between the eCBome and the gut microbiome in obesity.
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27
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Manchón J, Quiles M, López-Roig S. The Role of Acceptance in Eating Behaviors-Spanish Validation of Food Craving Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (FAAQ-S). Front Psychol 2021; 12:717886. [PMID: 34434153 PMCID: PMC8381361 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.717886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Food Craving Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (FAAQ) was developed to measure food craving acceptance, but has not yet been adapted to Spanish. The aim of this study was to validate the FAAQ to the Spanish population and to analyze its psychometric properties. Method: Two studies were conducted. In the first study, the sample consisted of 224 undergraduate students who participated in the comprehension of the Spanish version and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The second sample consisted of 378 participants from a community sample who completed the refined version of the FAAQ and similar and dissimilar measures. Results: Study (1) The CFA was conducted, showing an inadequate fit of the model (CFI = 0.74, RMSEA = 0.18). Therefore, FAAQ was refined and it was administered to the community sample. Study (2) After an exploratory factor analysis, two factors were obtained as in the original FAAQ, Acceptance (30.92% variance explained) and Willingness (36.05%). The internal consistency was adequate for both subscales (ω = 0.88 and ω = 0.87, respectively). Correlation between the factors was r = 0.07, which provides evidence that Acceptance and Willingness are different constructs. Correlations of Acceptance with similar variables (r between −0.30 and −0.52) were stronger than the dissimilar measures (r between −0.26 and 0.24). This did not occur for the Willingness subscale, since correlations were low in all cases (r between −0.22 and 0.25). Conclusions: Spanish version of the FAAQ showed evidence of its reliability and validity, and may be a measure to provide a better understanding of how acceptance of thoughts and emotions concerning food and willingness impact eating management behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Quiles
- Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
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28
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Reents J, Pedersen A. Differences in Food Craving in Individuals With Obesity With and Without Binge Eating Disorder. Front Psychol 2021; 12:660880. [PMID: 34149552 PMCID: PMC8206470 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.660880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Overeating behavior is supposedly a major contributing factor to weight gain and obesity. Binge eating disorder (BED) with reoccurring episodes of excessive overeating is strongly associated with obesity. Learning models of overeating behavior and BED assume that mere confrontation with food leads to a conditioned response that is experienced as food craving. Accordingly, individuals with obesity and BED were shown to have high trait food cravings. To date, little is known about differences in state food cravings and cue reactivity at the sight of palatable food in individuals with obesity and BED compared to individuals with obesity without BED. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine differences in cue-induced, state and trait food cravings in people with obesity with and without BED. We found that all aspects of food cravings were more prevalent in individuals with obesity and BED than in individuals without BED. By implementing a food cue reactivity paradigm, our results show that individuals with obesity with BED have more cue-induced cravings than individuals with obesity without BED. Moreover, these cue-induced cravings in individuals with obesity and BED were highest for high-fat and high-sugar foods as opposed to low-calorie foods. Thus, our results emphasize the role of increased cue reactivity and craving at the sight of palatable foods in individuals with obesity and BED. Hence, our findings support etiological models of conditioned binge eating and are in line with interventions targeting cue reactivity in BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Reents
- Institut für Psychologie, Philosophische Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anya Pedersen
- Institut für Psychologie, Philosophische Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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29
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Reyes-Rodríguez ML. Eating disorders' instruments validated and adapted for the Hispanic/Latino population in the United States. REVISTA MEXICANA DE TRASTORNOS ALIMENTARIOS 2021; 11:108-116. [PMID: 35222848 PMCID: PMC8880998 DOI: 10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2020.1.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The instruments to explore eating disorders (ED) have been developed and evaluated mainly for the Caucasian population. This situation has limited the availability of instruments validated and adapted for the Latino/Hispanic population. Due to the challenge it represents for researchers in the United States who study ED in Latinos/Hispanics, this article aims to review the instruments in Spanish that have been validated and adapted for the Latino/Hispanic population living in the United States. In addition, psychometric and cultural considerations that should be incorporated when using an instrument that has been constructed and evaluated for a specific population or sub-population will be discussed. Four instruments, two to establish diagnoses of ED (S-EDE and EDE-Q) and two to explore symptoms associated with body dissatisfaction (BSQ and BICI) were identified. The availability of instruments in Spanish for use with Latinos in the United States is very limited and has not been evaluated in all the subgroups of Latinos / Hispanics that comprise the population in the United States. This is a challenge for clinicians and researchers working with the Latino / Hispanic community with ED in the United States. (Words count: 186).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae Lynn Reyes-Rodríguez
- Universidad de Carolina del Norte en Chapel Hill. Centro de Excelencia para los Trastornos Alimentarios. Departamento de Psiquiatría
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30
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Dorling JL, van Vliet S, Huffman KM, Kraus WE, Bhapkar M, Pieper CF, Stewart T, Das SK, Racette SB, Roberts SB, Ravussin E, Redman LM, Martin CK. Effects of caloric restriction on human physiological, psychological, and behavioral outcomes: highlights from CALERIE phase 2. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:98-113. [PMID: 32940695 PMCID: PMC7727025 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a strategy that attenuates aging in multiple nonhuman species. The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trials are part of a research program aiming to test the effects of CR on aging and longevity biomarkers in humans. Building on CALERIE phase 1, CALERIE phase 2 (CALERIE 2) was the largest study to date to assess sustained CR in healthy humans without obesity. In a 24-month randomized controlled trial comprising 218 participants at baseline, CALERIE 2 showed that moderate CR, 11.9% on average, induced improvements in aging-related biomarkers without adversely affecting psychological or behavioral outcomes. The objectives of this report are to summarize and review the highlights of CALERIE 2 and report previously unpublished results on eating disorder symptoms and cognitive function. This article specifically summarizes the physiological, psychological, aging, behavioral, and safety results of the trial. Also provided are research directions beyond CALERIE 2 that highlight important opportunities to investigate the role of CR in aging, longevity, and health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Dorling
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Carl F Pieper
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tiffany Stewart
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- US Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan B Racette
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan B Roberts
- US Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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31
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Oliveira J, Cordás T. The body asks and the mind judges: Food cravings in eating disorders. Encephale 2020; 46:269-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Carter S, Hill AM, Yandell C, Buckley JD, Tan SY, Rogers GB, Childs J, Matheson M, Lamb K, Ward S, Stanton TR, Fraysse F, Hills AP, Coates AM. Study protocol for a 9-month randomised controlled trial assessing the effects of almonds versus carbohydrate-rich snack foods on weight loss and weight maintenance. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036542. [PMID: 32690523 PMCID: PMC7371143 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse association between nut consumption and body mass index (BMI). However, clinical trials evaluating the effects of nut consumption compared with a nut-free diet on adiposity have reported mixed findings with some studies reporting greater weight loss and others reporting no weight change. This paper describes the rationale and detailed protocol for a randomised controlled trial assessing whether the inclusion of almonds or carbohydrate-rich snacks in an otherwise nut-free energy-restricted diet will promote weight loss during 3 months of energy restriction and limit weight regain during 6 months of weight maintenance. METHODS AND ANALYSIS One hundred and thirty-four adults aged 25-65 years with a BMI of 27.5-34.9 kg/m2 will be recruited and randomly allocated to either the almond-enriched diet (AED) (15% energy from almonds) or a nut-free control diet (NFD) (15% energy from carbohydrate-rich snack foods). Study snack foods will be provided. Weight loss will be achieved through a 30% energy restriction over 3 months, and weight maintenance will be encouraged for 6 months by increasing overall energy intake by ~120-180 kcal/day (~500-750kJ/day) as required. Food will be self-selected, based on recommendations from the study dietitian. Body composition, resting energy expenditure, total daily energy expenditure (via doubly labelled water), physical activity, appetite regulation, cardiometabolic health, gut microbiome, liver health, inflammatory factors, eating behaviours, mood and personality, functional mobility and pain, quality of life and sleep patterns will be measured throughout the 9-month trial. The effects of intervention on the outcome measures over time will be analysed using random effects mixed models, with treatment (AED or NFD) and time (baseline, 3 months and 9 months) being the between and within factors, respectively in the analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained from the University of South Australia Human Research Ethics Committee (201436). Results from this trial will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, national and international presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001861246).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayah Carter
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison M Hill
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine Yandell
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Buckley
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Microbiome Research, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessie Childs
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Matheson
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kate Lamb
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan Ward
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tasha R Stanton
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- IMPlementation And Clinical Translation (IIMPACT), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francois Fraysse
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alison M Coates
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Appetitive traits as targets for weight loss: The role of food cue responsiveness and satiety responsiveness. Physiol Behav 2020; 224:113018. [PMID: 32562711 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with overweight or obesity (OW/OB) are at increased risk for significant physical and psychological comorbidities. The current treatment for OW/OB is behavioral weight loss, which provides psychoeducation on nutrition and physical activity, as well as behavior therapy skills. However, behavioral weight loss is not effective for the majority of the individuals who participate. Research suggests that overeating, or eating past nutritional needs, is one of the leading causes of weight gain. Accumulating evidence suggests that appetitive traits, such as food cue responsiveness and satiety responsiveness, are associated with overeating and weight in youth and adults. The following review presents the current literature on the relationship between food cue responsiveness, satiety responsiveness, overeating, and OW/OB. Research suggests that higher food cue responsiveness and lower satiety responsiveness are associated with overeating and OW/OB cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Emerging data suggest that food cue responsiveness and satiety responsiveness may exist along the same continuum and can be targeted to manage overeating and reduce weight. We have developed a treatment model targeting food cue responsiveness and satiety responsiveness to reduce overeating and weight and have preliminary feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy data, with testing currently being conducted in larger trials. Through programs targeting appetitive traits we hope to develop an alternative weight loss model to assist individuals with a propensity to overeat.
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The Transdiagnostic Nature of Cravings: Smoking Cessation and Food Craving in Pregnancy. Midwifery 2020; 87:102730. [PMID: 32434103 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking cessation prior to pregnancy is strongly encouraged due to the adverse effects of tobacco use on the developing fetus, but appears to also increase risk of excess gestational weight gain (GWG). Smoking cessation has previously been shown to cause weight gain in non-pregnant individuals, in part due to an increase in food craving frequency. Food craving frequency in pregnancy is a known predictor of excess GWG, but has not yet been examined in relation to pre-pregnancy smoking status. This study sought to test the hypothesis that pre-pregnancy smoking cessation elevates excess GWG risk via an increase in food craving frequency. METHODS Pregnant women (n = 82) completed measures of pre-pregnancy tobacco use and current general and specific food cravings. Gestational weight gain was calculated based on participant self-report of pre-pregnancy weight and data on weight prior to delivery culled from medical records. RESULTS Pre-pregnancy tobacco use was associated with significantly greater food craving frequency in pregnancy (p = .05), specifically for high-fat and fast-foods (both p < .05), compared to women who did not smoke. Emotional and physiological aspects of cravings accounted for 35% of the variance in excess GWG (p < .03). CONCLUSIONS Pre-pregnancy smoking appears predictive of food raving frequency in pregnancy and could thus contribute to excess GWG risk. Findings highlight the importance of incorporating strategies for managing cravings into behavioral interventions promoting healthy GWG for women endorsing pre-pregnancy tobacco use.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Event-related brain potential (ERP) studies have shown that bulimia nervosa (BN) is associated with facilitated processing of disorder-specific stimuli, visible in altered early components during presentation of food cues and bodies varying in size. Less is known about BN and late ERPs, typically less influenced by perceptual features and regarded as more reliable indices of motivational relevance. The purpose of this study was to use the late positive potential (LPP) to investigate the motivational significance of BN-relevant stimuli. METHODS Highly salient stimuli, such as pictures of personal binge foods and images that are pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant (e.g., human attacks) were presented to 24 women with bulimia and 24 healthy women (19.7 ± 2.1 and 20.5 ± 2.6 years, respectively). Pictures of erotic couples, previously shown to prompt the greatest appetitive reactions in healthy women, were used as pleasant cues. Based on BN aversion to body cues, we hypothesized that the motivational significance of erotic cues could be increased in bulimic women. RESULTS Consistent with the literature, the LPP was modulated by the salience of the pictures (F(2.8,130.7) = 24.6, p < .001). An additional interaction with diagnostic group (F(2.8,130.7) = 2.8, p = .047) indicated that bulimic women showed a larger LPP than healthy controls during pictures displaying binge foods (p = .037) and erotic couples (p = .031). CONCLUSIONS The findings provide objective evidence that BN is characterized by dysregulated emotional processing that is not limited to food cues. The implications are discussed within a transdiagnostic perspective on food-related disorders.
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Wolz I, Nannt J, Svaldi J. Laboratory-based interventions targeting food craving: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12996. [PMID: 31944559 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the effects of laboratory-based interventions targeting specific mechanisms of food craving, to identify moderators of effects, and to qualitatively summarize findings. The study was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Sixty-nine studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, and separate meta-analyses were conducted for the outcomes self-reported craving and objective food intake. Results show small to medium positive effects across specific craving interventions on both outcomes. Effect sizes were partly moderated by intervention type. The most effective intervention regarding food intake was in sensu cue exposure. For subjective craving, the most robust evidence was found for beneficial effects of cognitive regulation strategies (ie, reappraisal, suppression, and distraction). Results further indicate that training inhibitory control through behavioral inhibition might be more effective than approach-avoidance training when considering its effect on subjective craving and food intake. People with external eating habits, overeating, or loss-of-control eating might benefit from these types of specific craving interventions. Future research should focus on long-term effects, transferability, and effectiveness in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Wolz
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Nannt
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Svaldi
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Carroll HA, Chen Y, Templeman IS, Wharton P, Reeves S, Trim WV, Chowdhury EA, Brunstrom JM, Rogers PJ, Thompson D, James LJ, Johnson L, Betts JA. Effect of Plain Versus Sugar-Sweetened Breakfast on Energy Balance and Metabolic Health: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:740-748. [PMID: 32108442 PMCID: PMC7154643 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of 3 weeks of high-sugar ("Sweet") versus low-sugar ("Plain") breakfast on energy balance, metabolic health, and appetite. METHODS A total of 29 healthy adults (22 women) completed this randomized crossover study. Participants had pre- and postintervention appetite, health, and body mass outcomes measured, and they recorded diet, appetite (visual analogue scales), and physical activity for 8 days during each intervention. Interventions were 3 weeks of isoenergetic Sweet (30% by weight added sugar; average 32 g of sugar) versus Plain (no added sugar; average 8 g of sugar) porridge-based breakfasts. RESULTS Pre- to postintervention changes in body mass were similar between Plain (Δ 0.1 kg; 95% CI: -0.3 to 0.5 kg) and Sweet (Δ 0.2 kg; 95% CI: -0.2 to 0.5 kg), as were pre- to postintervention changes for biomarkers of health (all P ≥ 0.101) and psychological appetite (all P ≥ 0.152). Energy, fat, and protein intake was not statistically different between conditions. Total carbohydrate intake was higher during Sweet (287 ± 82 g/d vs. 256 ± 73 g/d; P = 0.009), driven more by higher sugar intake at breakfast (116 ± 46 g/d vs. 88 ± 38 g/d; P < 0.001) than post-breakfast sugar intake (Sweet 84 ± 42 g/d vs. Plain 80 ± 37 g/d; P = 0.552). Participants reported reduced sweet desire immediately after Sweet but not Plain breakfasts (trial × time P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Energy balance, health markers, and appetite did not respond differently to 3 weeks of high- or low-sugar breakfasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet A. Carroll
- Department for HealthUniversity of BathBathUK
- Rowett InstituteUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Yung‐Chih Chen
- Department of Physical EducationNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning ScienceNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Phoebe Wharton
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Sue Reeves
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Peter J. Rogers
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Lewis J. James
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Laura Johnson
- School for Policy StudiesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
The Food Cravings Questionnaires (FCQs; Cepeda-Benito, Gleaves, Williams, & Erath, 2000) are among the most widely used instruments for measuring food cravings. In addition to the Food Cravings Questionnaire–Trait (FCQ–T) and the Food Cravings Questionnaire–State (FCQ–S), several modified versions have been developed as well. For their 20th anniversary, this article provides a comprehensive description of the FCQs and reviews studies on their psychometric properties and correlates.
Recent Findings
The FCQs and their modified versions have excellent internal reliability. Expectedly, the FCQ–T (and its derivatives) has higher retest-reliability than the FCQ–S as the FCQ–S is sensitive to situational changes such as food deprivation and food intake. However, while the FCQ–T is largely unaffected by such momentary states, it is also sensitive to change during weight-loss treatments and other interventions. Factor structure of the FCQ–T and FCQ–S has only partially been replicated. Construct validity of the FCQs is supported by experimental and longitudinal studies that measured food craving and food consumption in the laboratory and with ecological momentary assessment.
Summary
Numerous studies support reliability and validity of the FCQs and their modified versions, yet findings about their factor structures are inconsistent. Thus, using total scores or the short versions of the FCQs may be preferable.
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Moritz S, Göritz AS, Schmotz S, Weierstall-Pust R, Gehlenborg J, Gallinat J, Kühn S. Imaginal retraining decreases craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women: A randomized controlled trial. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:319. [PMID: 31780640 PMCID: PMC6883071 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are epidemic conditions. Obesity is associated with somatic and psychological sequelae, including serious life-shortening disorders (e.g., diabetes). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed imaginal variant of approach bias modification (i.e., imaginal retraining) for the reduction of craving for high-calorie food. In a randomized controlled trial, 384 women with a body mass index above 25 were allocated to a wait-list control group or to two variants of imaginal retraining (ratio: 1; 0.5; 0.5). The two intervention groups were sent a manual on imaginal retraining. One group was explicitly encouraged and instructed to use electronic reminders (RER); the standard retraining group (RS) was not encouraged to use electronic reminders. Assessments were 6 weeks apart and were carried out online. Craving for high-calorie food represented the primary outcome (based on the Visual Analog Scale, VAS). Secondary outcomes included the Food Cravings Questionnaire (FCQ-T-R). The study was registered as DRKS00017220. Women in the RER group utilized the retraining technique more often than those in the RS condition, and utilization frequency in turn was associated with improvement on craving and eating behavior scales. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses showed a favorable effect of the RER group, which achieved significance on the primary outcome, as well as on several other outcomes relative to controls at a small to medium effect size. For those participants who measured their weight before and after the assessment using a scale, weight loss in the RER group was significantly greater compared to the control group. Both retraining groups (RER: 39.4%; RS: 31.1%) reduced their subjective amount of eating relative to controls (24.2%). Approximately two-thirds of the sample (68.3%) performed the exercises at least once during the study period. The present results show that, when used regularly, imaginal retraining may reduce craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women. Of note, there was also evidence suggestive of weight reduction, although no diet or lifestyle change was recommended in the manual. Because a large subgroup neither read the manual nor performed the exercises, we recommend that future imaginal retraining be conveyed via short video clips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anja S Göritz
- Department of Occupational and Consumer Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stella Schmotz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Weierstall-Pust
- MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Josefine Gehlenborg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Gordon G, Brockmeyer T, Schmidt U, Campbell IC. Combining cognitive bias modification training (CBM) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to treat binge eating disorder: study protocol of a randomised controlled feasibility trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030023. [PMID: 31640997 PMCID: PMC6830595 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Binge eating disorder (BED) is a common mental disorder, closely associated with obesity. Existing treatments are only moderately effective with high relapse rates, necessitating novel interventions. This paper describes the rationale for, and protocol of, a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), evaluating the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and a computerised cognitive training, namely approach bias modification training (ABM), in patients with BED who are overweight or obese. The aim of this trial is to obtain information that will guide decision-making and protocol development in relation to a future large-scale RCT of combined tDCS+ABM treatment in this group of patients, and also to assess the preliminary efficacy of this intervention. METHODS AND ANALYSIS 66 participants with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 diagnosis of BED and a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2 will be randomly allocated to one of three groups: ABM+real tDCS; ABM+sham tDCS or a wait-list control group. Participants in both intervention groups will receive six sessions of ABM+real/sham tDCS over 3 weeks; engaging in the ABM task while simultaneously receiving bilateral tDCS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. ABM is based on an implicit learning paradigm in which participants are trained to enact an avoidance behaviour in response to visual food cues. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, post-treatment (3 weeks) and follow-up (7 weeks post-randomisation). Feasibility outcomes assess recruitment and retention rates, acceptability of random allocation, blinding success (allocation concealment), completion of treatment sessions and research assessments. Other outcomes include eating disorder psychopathology and related neurocognitive outcomes (ie, delay of gratification and inhibitory control), BMI, other psychopathology (ie, mood), approach bias towards food and surrogate endpoints (ie, food cue reactivity, trait food craving and food intake). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the North West-Liverpool East Research Ethics Committee. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN35717198.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Gordon
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Timo Brockmeyer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Gottingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Iain C Campbell
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Ferreira SC, de Oliveira Penaforte FR, Cardoso A, da Silva MVT, Lima AS, Correia MITD, Anastácio LR. Association of food cravings with weight gain, overweight, and obesity in patients after liver transplantation. Nutrition 2019; 69:110573. [PMID: 31585257 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After liver transplantation (LTx), patients often gain weight and many become overweight or obese; however, the association between LTx and food craving (FC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe FC among patients after LTx and verify its association with weight gain and obesity. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that assessed 301 patients who underwent LTx (55.1 ± 12.7 y of age; time since LTx 6.6 ± 4.4 y; 64.1% men). Pregnant or nursing women were excluded. Patients were interviewed once either in the outpatient clinic or by completing the online questionnaire, from August 2016 to February 2017. RESULTS The median weight variation after Ltx was 8 kg (ranging from -16 to +41 kg). At evaluation, 62.5% (n = 188) of the patients presented excessive weight and 22.3% (n = 67) presented with obesity. The average score on the Food Craving Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S) was 33.4 ± 9 and for the Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait (FCQ-T) the median score was 68 (39-163). The FCQ-T dimensions of lack of control, preoccupation, emotion, environmental triggers/stimuli, and guilt correlated positively with weight gain (P < 0.05). The desire dimension on the FCQ-S was significantly associated with overweight in post-LTx patients (P < 0.05) and the FCQ-T dimensions [negative reinforcement (P = 0.013), lack of control (P = 0.016), emotion (P = 0.009), environmental triggers/stimuli (P = 0.029), and guilt (P = 0.007)] were associated with obesity. CONCLUSION Lack of control, preoccupation, emotion, trigger, and guilt were positively correlated with weight gain. Desire was significantly associated with overweight. Negative reinforcement, lack of control, emotion, environmental triggers/stimuli, and guilt were associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Catherine Ferreira
- Food Science Post Graduation Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Cardoso
- Nutrition Course, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Agnaldo Silva Lima
- Surgery Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lucilene Rezende Anastácio
- Food Science Post Graduation Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Food Science Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Neurocognitive Correlates of Food-Related Response Inhibition in Overweight/Obese Adults. Brain Topogr 2019; 33:101-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-019-00730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Lee YH, Kim M, Lee M, Shin D, Ha DS, Park JS, Kim YB, Choi HJ. Food Craving, Seeking, and Consumption Behaviors: Conceptual Phases and Assessment Methods Used in Animal and Human Studies. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 28:148-157. [PMID: 31583379 PMCID: PMC6774451 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2019.28.3.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
What drives us to eat? It is one of the most fundamental questions in the obesity research field which have been investigated for centuries. Numerous novel in vivo technologies in the neuroscience field allows us to reevaluate the multiple components and phases of food-related behaviors. Focused on the cognitive, executive, behavioral and temporal aspects, food-related behaviors can be distinguished into appetitive phase (food craving→food seeking) and consummatory phase (food consumption). Food craving phase is an internal state or stage in which the animal has the motivation to eat the food but there is no actual food specific behaviors or actions. Food seeking phase entails repeated behaviors with a food searching purpose until the animal discovers the food (or food-related cue) and the approach behavior stage after the discovery of food. Food consumption phase is the step that the animal grabs, chews and intake the food. This review will specifically focus on characteristics and evaluation methods for each phase of food-related behavior in rodent, non-human primates and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Lee
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project Team, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Meelim Kim
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project Team, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Miwoo Lee
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project Team, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Dongju Shin
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Ha
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Joon Seok Park
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - You Bin Kim
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project Team, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project Team, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon,
Korea
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Holtzman J. Rice, beer, and salad: Varying constructions of "craving" in Japan. Appetite 2019; 142:104344. [PMID: 31325475 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Food cravings are an important phenomena/concept within approaches to overeating in Western contexts. However, the cross-cultural research on craving has so far been modest, despite a wide range of literature in anthropology and other fields that demonstrate the broad variations not only in eating practices but in the experiences and motivations for eating. This examines quantitative data collected using a variation of the Food Craving Inventory (FCI) collected in the context of a long-term ethnographic study of Japanese eating practices in order to examine cravings within a mixed age and gender Japanese sample. While the results show widespread experiences of craving, not only do the types of foods craved vary markedly from commonplace Western ones-which tend to be calorie dense and restricted-but also differ from one another in motivations for/experiences of craving. Beyond providing cross-cultural comparison, then, the study suggests a need for conceptual rethinking of craving itself and of the range of factors that drive it.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Summarize and evaluate self-report measures of food craving, provide suggestions on future directions for the field of food craving measurement, and deliver guidance on how to select a food craving measure. METHODS Online bibliographical databases (PsycINFO and PubMed) were searched for peer-reviewed literature on self-report measures of food craving. RESULTS There is a wide selection of food craving measures that researchers and clinicians can use to assess state, past, and trait food cravings. Most questionnaires were tested on homogenous samples and their psychometric properties in older, male, and socioeconomically, racially, and ethnically diverse samples is largely unknown. Few questionnaires were tested in samples with overweight/obesity or eating disorders. Relatively few questionnaires adequately evaluate contextual factors that can trigger craving. There appears to be limited data on the predictive validity of food craving measures in regards to response to eating disorder treatment. A decision tree was provided to help researchers and clinicians select a food craving measure that is best suited to a particular clinical or research purpose. CONCLUSIONS It is recommended that researchers adequately assess the contextual factors that may trigger craving and the multi-sensory nature of craving for food. It would be beneficial for researchers to evaluate the psychometrics of food craving measures in more diverse samples (in terms of sex, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, weight status, and eating disorder psychopathology). More longitudinal studies should be conducted to provide information on the predictive validity of food craving measures regarding response to eating disorder treatment. Furthermore, it is suggested that researchers assess which tactics people use to reduce the frequency and strength of food cravings and restrain their consumption of craved foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Taylor
- Bowling Green State University, 822 East Merry Avenue, 200 Psychology Building, BOWLING GREEN, OH 43403-0232, United States.
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Exercise as a reward: Self-paced exercise perception and delay discounting in comparison with food and money. Physiol Behav 2018; 199:333-342. [PMID: 30529339 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is an important health behavior. Expressed reasons for participation are often delayed outcomes i.e. health threats and benefits, but also enjoyment. However, we do not know how people evaluate exercise as a reward. The value of rewards diminish the longer we have to wait for them and the discounting effect can undermine decision-making. Here, we investigated delay-discounting of exercise perception and its valuation with time delays; we conducted self-paced exercise sessions on treadmill and compared the discounting rates of exercise (kex) with those of established rewards of food (kfo) and money (km). Outcomes show, that young, moderately active participants (n = 70) preferred walking/running intensity with low to moderate cardiovascular strain and light perceived exertion. Delay discounting rates (k) indicated that exercise was discounted like other consumable rewards at the same rate as food and more rapidly than monetary rewards. Significant associations were detected of kex with preferred speed and with extrinsic exercise motivation. Exercise training (n = 16) reduced kex specifically, not affecting kfo. Our studies show, that participants perceived and discounted self-paced walking/running like a consumable reward. Exercise discounting was quicker in individuals who preferred lower speeds being less physically active and exercise training reduced the decay rate of exercise specifically.
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Meule A. Standardizing versus measuring food deprivation and hunger. Appetite 2018; 130:328-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Brunault P, El Archi S, Ballon N, Réveillère C, Barrault S. Validation de la version française du Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-reduced : un auto-questionnaire simple et de passation rapide pour mesurer le craving alimentaire. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Ferrer-Garcia M, Pla-Sanjuanelo J, Dakanalis A, Vilalta-Abella F, Riva G, Fernandez-Aranda F, Forcano L, Riesco N, Sánchez I, Clerici M, Ribas-Sabaté J, Andreu-Gracia A, Escandón-Nagel N, Gomez-Tricio O, Tena V, Gutiérrez-Maldonado J. A Randomized Trial of Virtual Reality-Based Cue Exposure Second-Level Therapy and Cognitive Behavior Second-Level Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-Eating Disorder: Outcome at Six-Month Followup. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2018; 22:60-68. [PMID: 30059240 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the 6-month followup data of a randomized, multicenter, parallel-group study conducted at five clinical sites in three European cities, which compared two second-level treatments for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED): virtual reality-based cue exposure therapy (VR-CET) versus additional cognitive behavioral therapy (A-CBT). Post-treatment outcomes of this study were previously published and details of its design can be found at clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT02237300). This article focuses on the evolution of symptoms assessed after 6 months of followup in a subgroup of 58 patients from the original study. In this study 64 patients with eating disorders (EDs) (35 with BN and 29 with BED), who still showed active episodes of binge eating by the end of a structured CBT program (first-level treatment), were randomly assigned to one of two second-level treatments (A-CBT or VR-CET). Frequency of binge and purge episodes, and attitudinal features of binge-related EDs (bulimia, drive for thinness, and body dissatisfaction) were assessed before starting the second-level treatment (n = 64), at the end (n = 64), and at 6-month followup (n = 58). Mixed between-within subject analyses of variance were used to compare outcomes of both second-level treatments over time. Although both treatment conditions showed statistically significant improvements at the end and after 6-month followup, obtained reductions were greater after VR-CET, regarding binge and purge episodes, as well as the decrease of self-reported tendency to engage in overeating episodes. Accordingly, abstinence from binge episodes were higher in VR-CET than A-CBT at followup (70 percent vs. 26 percent, respectively; χ2 = 11.711, p = 0.001). These results provide further support for the use of VR-CET as an effective second-level intervention for BN and BED treatment-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ferrer-Garcia
- 1 Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Pla-Sanjuanelo
- 1 Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- 2 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,3 Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ferran Vilalta-Abella
- 1 Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- 3 Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,4 Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,5 Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Igualada General Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,6 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,7 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,8 Unit of Eating Disorders, Centro ABB Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain.,9 Department of Psychology, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.,10 Department of Psychology, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Forcano
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadine Riesco
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Massimo Clerici
- 4 Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Joan Ribas-Sabaté
- 5 Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Igualada General Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexis Andreu-Gracia
- 5 Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Igualada General Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Osane Gomez-Tricio
- 7 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Virginia Tena
- 8 Unit of Eating Disorders, Centro ABB Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Maldonado
- 1 Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Maranhão MF, Estella NM, Cogo-Moreira H, Schmidt U, Campbell IC, Claudino AM. Concept and evaluation of food craving: unidimensional scales based on the Trait and the State Food Craving Questionnaire. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2018; 34:e00144717. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00144717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: “Craving” is a motivational state that promotes an intense desire related to consummatory behaviors. Despite growing interest in the concept of food craving, there is a lack of available instruments to assess it in Brazilian Portuguese. The objectives were to translate and adapt the Trait and the State Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ-T and FCQ-S) to Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate the psychometric properties of these versions.The FCQ-T and FCQ-S were translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and administered to students at the Federal University of São Paulo. Both questionnaires in their original models were examined considering different estimators (frequentist and bayesian). The goodness of fit underlying the items from both scales was assessed through the following fit indices: χ2, WRMR residual, comparative fit index, Tucker-Lewis index and RMSEA. Data from 314 participants were included in the analyses. Poor fit indices were obtained for both of the original questionnaires regardless of the estimator used and original structural model. Thus, three eating disorder experts reviewed the content of the instruments and selected the items which were considered to assess the core aspects of the craving construct. The new and reduced models (questionnaires) generated good fit indices. Our abbreviated versions of FCQ-S and FCQ-T considerably diverge from the conceptual framework of the original questionnaires. Based on the results of this study, we propose a possible alternative, i.e., to assess craving for food as a unidimensional construct.
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