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Ding Y, Ou Y, Yan H, Liu F, Li H, Li P, Xie G, Cui X, Guo W. Uncovering the Neural Correlates of Anhedonia Subtypes in Major Depressive Disorder: Implications for Intervention Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3138. [PMID: 38137360 PMCID: PMC10740577 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a serious public health concern, negatively affecting individuals' quality of life and making a substantial contribution to the global burden of disease. Anhedonia is a core symptom of MDD and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Variability in anhedonia components within MDD has been observed, suggesting heterogeneity in psychopathology across subgroups. However, little is known about anhedonia subgroups in MDD and their underlying neural correlates across subgroups. To address this question, we employed a hierarchical cluster analysis based on Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale subscales in 60 first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients and 32 healthy controls. Then we conducted a connectome-wide association study and whole-brain voxel-wise functional analyses for identified subgroups. There were three main findings: (1) three subgroups with different anhedonia profiles were identified using a data mining approach; (2) several parts of the reward network (especially pallidum and dorsal striatum) were associated with anticipatory and consummatory pleasure; (3) different patterns of within- and between-network connectivity contributed to the disparities of anhedonia profiles across three MDD subgroups. Here, we show that anhedonia in MDD is not uniform and can be categorized into distinct subgroups, and our research contributes to the understanding of neural underpinnings, offering potential treatment directions. This work emphasizes the need for tailored approaches in the complex landscape of MDD. The identification of homogeneous, stable, and neurobiologically valid MDD subtypes could significantly enhance our comprehension and management of this multifaceted condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (G.X.)
| | - Yangpan Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (G.X.)
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (G.X.)
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China;
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Guangrong Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (G.X.)
| | - Xilong Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (G.X.)
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (G.X.)
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Sigvard AK, Bojesen KB, Ambrosen KS, Nielsen MØ, Gjedde A, Tangmose K, Kumakura Y, Edden R, Fuglø D, Jensen LT, Rostrup E, Ebdrup BH, Glenthøj BY. Dopamine Synthesis Capacity and GABA and Glutamate Levels Separate Antipsychotic-Naïve Patients With First-Episode Psychosis From Healthy Control Subjects in a Multimodal Prediction Model. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:500-509. [PMID: 37519478 PMCID: PMC10382695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disturbances in presynaptic dopamine activity and levels of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and glutamate plus glutamine collectively may have a role in the pathophysiology of psychosis, although separately they are poor diagnostic markers. We tested whether these neurotransmitters in combination improve the distinction of antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis from healthy control subjects. Methods We included 23 patients (mean age 22.3 years, 9 male) and 20 control subjects (mean age 22.4 years, 8 male). We determined dopamine metabolism in the nucleus accumbens and striatum from 18F-fluorodopa (18F-FDOPA) positron emission tomography. We measured GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and glutamate plus glutamine levels in the ACC and left thalamus with 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used binominal logistic regression for unimodal prediction when we modeled neurotransmitters individually and for multimodal prediction when we combined the 3 neurotransmitters. We selected the best combination based on Akaike information criterion. Results Individual neurotransmitters failed to predict group. Three triple neurotransmitter combinations significantly predicted group after Benjamini-Hochberg correction. The best model (Akaike information criterion 48.5) carried 93.5% of the cumulative model weight. It reached a classification accuracy of 83.7% (p = .003) and included dopamine synthesis capacity (Ki4p) in the nucleus accumbens (p = .664), GABA levels in the ACC (p = .019), glutamate plus glutamine levels in the thalamus (p = .678), and the interaction term Ki4p × GABA (p = .016). Conclusions Our multimodal approach proved superior classification accuracy, implying that the pathophysiology of patients represents a combination of neurotransmitter disturbances rather than aberrations in a single neurotransmitter. Particularly aberrant interrelations between Ki4p in the nucleus accumbens and GABA values in the ACC appeared to contribute diagnostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Sigvard
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Borup Bojesen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen S. Ambrosen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ødegaard Nielsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karen Tangmose
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yoshitaka Kumakura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Richard Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- FM. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dan Fuglø
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Thorbjørn Jensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn H. Ebdrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birte Yding Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bae HJ, Kim JY, Choi SH, Kim SY, Kim HJ, Cho YE, Choi YY, An JY, Cho SY, Ryu JH, Park SJ. Paeonol, the active component of Cynanchum paniculatum, ameliorated schizophrenia-like behaviors by regulating the PI3K-Akt-GSK3β-NF-κB signalling pathway in MK-801-treated mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116627. [PMID: 37164258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) Kitag. ex H. Hara (Asclepiadaceae) have been traditionally used in East Asia as analgesic or antiviral agents. Interestingly, some Chinese and Korean traditional medicinal books reported that the use of C. paniculatum in the treatment of psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to investigate whether C. paniculatum could improve sensorimotor gating disruption in mice with MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors. We also aimed to identify the active component of C. paniculatum that could potentially serve as a treatment for schizophrenia and found that paeonol, the major constituent compound of C. paniculatum, showed potential as a treatment for schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the effect of paeonol on mice with MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors, we carried out a series of behavioral tests related with symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition, we utilized Western blotting and ELISA techniques to investigate the antipsychotic actions of paeonol. RESULT C. paniculatum extract (100 or 300 mg/kg) and paenol (10 or 30 mg/kg) significantly reversed MK-801-induced prepulse deficits in acoustic startle response test. In addition, paeonol (10 or 30 mg/kg) attenuated social novelty preference and novel object recognition memory on MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like behaviour in mice. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt, GSK3β and NF-κB, as well as related pro-inflammatory cytokine, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, were significantly reversed by the administration of paeonol (10 or 30 mg/kg) in the prefrontal cortex of MK-801-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data show that paeonol can potentially be used as an agent for treating sensorimotor gating deficits, negative symptoms, and cognitive deficits, such as those observed in schizophrenia with few adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jung Bae
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youn Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyuk Choi
- Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye Eun Cho
- Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Yeong Choi
- Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Yeon An
- Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Young Cho
- Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Jin Park
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Sabaroedin K, Tiego J, Fornito A. Circuit-Based Approaches to Understanding Corticostriatothalamic Dysfunction Across the Psychosis Continuum. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:113-124. [PMID: 36253195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of psychotic symptoms, but the mechanisms driving dopaminergic dysfunction in psychosis remain unclear. Considerable attention has focused on the role of corticostriatothalamic (CST) circuits, given that they regulate and are modulated by the activity of dopaminergic cells in the midbrain. Preclinical studies have proposed multiple models of CST dysfunction in psychosis, each prioritizing different brain regions and pathophysiological mechanisms. A particular challenge is that CST circuits have undergone considerable evolutionary modification across mammals, complicating comparisons across species. Here, we consider preclinical models of CST dysfunction in psychosis and evaluate the degree to which they are supported by evidence from human resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies conducted across the psychosis continuum, ranging from subclinical schizotypy to established schizophrenia. In partial support of some preclinical models, human studies indicate that dorsal CST and hippocampal-striatal functional dysconnectivity are apparent across the psychosis spectrum and may represent a vulnerability marker for psychosis. In contrast, midbrain dysfunction may emerge when symptoms warrant clinical assistance and may thus be a trigger for illness onset. The major difference between clinical and preclinical findings is the strong involvement of the dorsal CST in the former, consistent with an increasing prominence of this circuitry in the primate brain. We close by underscoring the need for high-resolution characterization of phenotypic heterogeneity in psychosis to develop a refined understanding of how the dysfunction of specific circuit elements gives rise to distinct symptom profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sabaroedin
- Departments of Radiology and Paediatrics, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Wada M, Noda Y, Iwata Y, Tsugawa S, Yoshida K, Tani H, Hirano Y, Koike S, Sasabayashi D, Katayama H, Plitman E, Ohi K, Ueno F, Caravaggio F, Koizumi T, Gerretsen P, Suzuki T, Uchida H, Müller DJ, Mimura M, Remington G, Grace AA, Graff-Guerrero A, Nakajima S. Dopaminergic dysfunction and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in treatment-resistant schizophrenia and novel neuromodulatory treatment. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2950-2967. [PMID: 35444257 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay in the treatment of schizophrenia. However, one-third of patients do not show adequate improvement in positive symptoms with non-clozapine antipsychotics. Additionally, approximately half of them show poor response to clozapine, electroconvulsive therapy, or other augmentation strategies. However, the development of novel treatment for these conditions is difficult due to the complex and heterogenous pathophysiology of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Therefore, this review provides key findings, potential treatments, and a roadmap for future research in this area. First, we review the neurobiological pathophysiology of TRS, particularly the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic pathways. Next, the limitations of existing and promising treatments are presented. Specifically, this article focuses on the therapeutic potential of neuromodulation, including electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and deep brain stimulation. Finally, we propose multivariate analyses that integrate various perspectives of the pathogenesis, such as dopaminergic dysfunction and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, thereby elucidating the heterogeneity of TRS that could not be obtained by conventional statistics. These analyses can in turn lead to a precision medicine approach with closed-loop neuromodulation targeting the detected pathophysiology of TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hideaki Tani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Katayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eric Plitman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fernando Caravaggio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Teruki Koizumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Takefumi Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gary Remington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Nazari S, Pourmand SM, Makki SM, Brand S, Vousooghi N. Potential biomarkers of addiction identified by real-time PCR in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: a narrative review. Biomark Med 2022; 16:739-758. [PMID: 35658670 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction-related neurobiological factors could be considered as potential biomarkers. The concentration of peripheral biomarkers in tissues like blood lymphocytes may mirror their brain levels. This review is focused on the mRNA expression of potential addiction biomarkers in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords 'addiction', 'biomarker', 'peripheral blood lymphocyte', 'gene expression' and 'real-time PCR'. The results showed the alterations in the regulation of genes such as dopamine receptors, opioid receptors, NMDA receptors, cannabinoid receptors, α-synuclein, DYN, MAO-A, FosB and orexin-A as PBLs biomarkers in addiction stages. Such variations could also be found during abstinence and relapse. PBLs biomarkers may help in drug development and have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Nazari
- Department of Neuroscience & Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Pourmand
- Addiction Department, School of Behavioral Sciences & Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613111, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Makki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective-, Stress- and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, 4002, Switzerland.,Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714869914, Iran.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714869914, Iran.,Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, Basel, 4052, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran.,Research Center for Cognitive & Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 13337159140, Iran.,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1336616357, Iran
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Kilpatrick LA, Alger JR, O’Neill J, Joshi SH, Narr KL, Levitt JG, O’Connor MJ. Impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on intracortical myelination and deep white matter in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. NEUROIMAGE. REPORTS 2022; 2:100082. [PMID: 37284413 PMCID: PMC10243188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
White matter alterations have been reported in children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, as children with PAE often present with ADHD, covert PAE may have contributed to previous ADHD findings. Additionally, data regarding intracortical myelination in ADHD are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated intracortical myelination (assessed as the T1w/T2w ratio at 4 cortical ribbon levels) and myelin-related deep white matter features in children (aged 8-13 years) with ADHD with PAE (ADHD + PAE), children with familial ADHD without PAE (ADHD-PAE), and typically developing (TD) children. In widespread tracts, ADHD + PAE children showed higher mean and radial diffusivity than TD and ADHD-PAE children and lower fractional anisotropy than ADHD-PAE children; ADHD-PAE and TD children did not differ significantly. Compared to TD children, ADHD + PAE children had lower intracortical myelination only at the deepest cortical level (mainly in right insula and cingulate cortices), while ADHD-PAE children had lower intracortical myelination at multiple cortical levels (mainly in right insula, sensorimotor, and cingulate cortices); ADHD + PAE and ADHD-PAE children did not differ significantly in intracortical myelination. Considering the two ADHD groups jointly (via non-parametric combination) revealed common reductions in intracortical myelination, but no common deep white matter abnormalities. These results suggest the importance of considering PAE in ADHD studies of white matter pathology. ADHD + PAE may be associated with deeper, white matter abnormalities, while familial ADHD without PAE may be associated with more superficial, cortical abnormalities. This may be relevant to the different treatment response observed in these two ADHD etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Kilpatrick
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffry R. Alger
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neurospectroscopics, LLC., Sherman Oaks, CA, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph O’Neill
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shantanu H. Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer G. Levitt
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary J. O’Connor
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Sabaroedin K, Razi A, Chopra S, Tran N, Pozaruk A, Chen Z, Finlay A, Nelson B, Allott K, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Graham J, Yuen HP, Harrigan S, Cropley V, Sharma S, Saluja B, Williams R, Pantelis C, Wood SJ, O’Donoghue B, Francey S, McGorry P, Aquino K, Fornito A. Frontostriatothalamic effective connectivity and dopaminergic function in the psychosis continuum. Brain 2022; 146:372-386. [PMID: 35094052 PMCID: PMC9825436 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of fronto-striato-thalamic (FST) circuits is thought to contribute to dopaminergic dysfunction and symptom onset in psychosis, but it remains unclear whether this dysfunction is driven by aberrant bottom-up subcortical signalling or impaired top-down cortical regulation. We used spectral dynamic causal modelling of resting-state functional MRI to characterize the effective connectivity of dorsal and ventral FST circuits in a sample of 46 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients and 23 controls and an independent sample of 36 patients with established schizophrenia and 100 controls. We also investigated the association between FST effective connectivity and striatal 18F-DOPA uptake in an independent healthy cohort of 33 individuals who underwent concurrent functional MRI and PET. Using a posterior probability threshold of 0.95, we found that midbrain and thalamic connectivity were implicated as dysfunctional across both patient groups. Dysconnectivity in first-episode psychosis patients was mainly restricted to the subcortex, with positive symptom severity being associated with midbrain connectivity. Dysconnectivity between the cortex and subcortical systems was only apparent in established schizophrenia patients. In the healthy 18F-DOPA cohort, we found that striatal dopamine synthesis capacity was associated with the effective connectivity of nigrostriatal and striatothalamic pathways, implicating similar circuits to those associated with psychotic symptom severity in patients. Overall, our findings indicate that subcortical dysconnectivity is evident in the early stages of psychosis, that cortical dysfunction may emerge later in the illness, and that nigrostriatal and striatothalamic signalling are closely related to striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, which is a robust marker for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sabaroedin
- Correspondence to: Kristina Sabaroedin Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health 770 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia E-mail:
| | - Adeel Razi
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Sidhant Chopra
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nancy Tran
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrii Pozaruk
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Amy Finlay
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica Graham
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hok P Yuen
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Susy Harrigan
- Department of Social Work, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville. Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sujit Sharma
- Monash Health, Dandenong, Victoria 3175, Australia
| | | | - Rob Williams
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia,The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Brian O’Donoghue
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Shona Francey
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kevin Aquino
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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9
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Maculewicz J, Kowalska D, Świacka K, Toński M, Stepnowski P, Białk-Bielińska A, Dołżonek J. Transformation products of pharmaceuticals in the environment: Their fate, (eco)toxicity and bioaccumulation potential. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149916. [PMID: 34525754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, a huge scientific attention is being paid to the chemicals of emerging concern, which may pose a significant risk to the human and whole ecosystems. Among them, residues of pharmaceuticals are a widely investigated group of chemicals. In recent years it has been repeatedly demonstrated that pharmaceuticals are present in the environment and that some of them can be toxic to organisms as well as accumulate in their tissues. However, even though the knowledge of the presence, fate and possible threats posed by the parent forms of pharmaceuticals is quite extensive, their transformation products (TPs) have been disregarded for long time. Since last few years, this aspect has gained more scientific attention and recently published papers proved their common presence in the environment. Also the interest in terms of their toxicity, bioconcentration and stability in the environment has increased. Therefore, the aim of our paper was to revise and assess the current state of knowledge on the fate and effects resulting from the presence of the pharmaceuticals' transformation drugs in the environment. This review discusses the metabolites of compounds belonging to six major pharmaceutical groups: SSRIs, anticancer drugs, antibiotics, antihistamines, NSAIDs and opioids, additionally discussing other individual compounds for which literature data exist. The data presented in this paper prove that some TPs may be as harmful as their native forms, however for many groups of drugs this data is still insufficient to assess the risk posed by their presence in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Michał Toński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Dołżonek
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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10
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Chopra S, Francey SM, O’Donoghue B, Sabaroedin K, Arnatkeviciute A, Cropley V, Nelson B, Graham J, Baldwin L, Tahtalian S, Yuen HP, Allott K, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Harrigan S, Pantelis C, Wood SJ, McGorry P, Fornito A. Functional Connectivity in Antipsychotic-Treated and Antipsychotic-Naive Patients With First-Episode Psychosis and Low Risk of Self-harm or Aggression: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:994-1004. [PMID: 34160595 PMCID: PMC8223142 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Altered functional connectivity (FC) is a common finding in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies of people with psychosis, yet how FC disturbances evolve in the early stages of illness, and how antipsychotic treatment influences these disturbances, remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate longitudinal FC changes in antipsychotic-naive and antipsychotic-treated patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This secondary analysis of a triple-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted over a 5-year recruitment period between April 2008 and December 2016 with 59 antipsychotic-naive patients with FEP receiving either a second-generation antipsychotic or a placebo pill over a treatment period of 6 months. Participants were required to have low suicidality and aggression, to have a duration of untreated psychosis of less than 6 months, and to be living in stable accommodations with social support. Both FEP groups received intensive psychosocial therapy. A healthy control group was also recruited. Participants completed rs-fMRI scans at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months. Data were analyzed from May 2019 to August 2020. INTERVENTIONS Resting-state functional MRI was used to probe brain FC. Patients received either a second-generation antipsychotic or a matched placebo tablet. Both patient groups received a manualized psychosocial intervention. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes of this analysis were to investigate (1) FC differences between patients and controls at baseline; (2) FC changes in medicated and unmedicated patients between baseline and 3 months; and (3) associations between longitudinal FC changes and clinical outcomes. An additional aim was to investigate long-term FC changes at 12 months after baseline. These outcomes were not preregistered. RESULTS Data were analyzed for 59 patients (antipsychotic medication plus psychosocial treatment: 28 [47.5%]; mean [SD] age, 19.5 [3.0] years; 15 men [53.6%]; placebo plus psychosocial treatment: 31 [52.5%]; mean [SD] age, 18.8 [2.7]; 16 men [51.6%]) and 27 control individuals (mean [SD] age, 21.9 [1.9] years). At baseline, patients showed widespread functional dysconnectivity compared with controls, with reductions predominantly affecting interactions between the default mode network, limbic systems, and the rest of the brain. From baseline to 3 months, patients receiving placebo showed increased FC principally within the same systems; some of these changes correlated with improved clinical outcomes (canonical correlation analysis R = 0.901; familywise error-corrected P = .005). Antipsychotic exposure was associated with increased FC primarily between the thalamus and the rest of the brain. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this secondary analysis of a clinical trial, antipsychotic-naive patients with FEP showed widespread functional dysconnectivity at baseline, followed by an early normalization of default mode network and cortical limbic dysfunction in patients receiving placebo and psychosocial intervention. Antipsychotic exposure was associated with FC changes concentrated on thalamocortical networks. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12607000608460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Chopra
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University School of Psychological Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shona M. Francey
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian O’Donoghue
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristina Sabaroedin
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University School of Psychological Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aurina Arnatkeviciute
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University School of Psychological Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Graham
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara Baldwin
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Tahtalian
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susy Harrigan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Social Work, Monash University, Caulfield, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Wood
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,University of Birmingham School of Psychology, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University School of Psychological Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Chopra S, Fornito A, Francey SM, O'Donoghue B, Cropley V, Nelson B, Graham J, Baldwin L, Tahtalian S, Yuen HP, Allott K, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Harrigan S, Sabaroedin K, Pantelis C, Wood SJ, McGorry P. Differentiating the effect of antipsychotic medication and illness on brain volume reductions in first-episode psychosis: A Longitudinal, Randomised, Triple-blind, Placebo-controlled MRI Study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1494-1501. [PMID: 33637835 PMCID: PMC8209146 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-00980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Changes in brain volume are a common finding in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies of people with psychosis and numerous longitudinal studies suggest that volume deficits progress with illness duration. However, a major unresolved question concerns whether these changes are driven by the underlying illness or represent iatrogenic effects of antipsychotic medication. In this study, 62 antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) received either a second-generation antipsychotic (risperidone or paliperidone) or a placebo pill over a treatment period of 6 months. Both FEP groups received intensive psychosocial therapy. A healthy control group (n = 27) was also recruited. Structural MRI scans were obtained at baseline, 3 months and 12 months. Our primary aim was to differentiate illness-related brain volume changes from medication-related changes within the first 3 months of treatment. We secondarily investigated long-term effects at the 12-month timepoint. From baseline to 3 months, we observed a significant group x time interaction in the pallidum (p < 0.05 FWE-corrected), such that patients receiving antipsychotic medication showed increased volume, patients on placebo showed decreased volume, and healthy controls showed no change. Across the entire patient sample, a greater increase in pallidal grey matter volume over 3 months was associated with a greater reduction in symptom severity. Our findings indicate that psychotic illness and antipsychotic exposure exert distinct and spatially distributed effects on brain volume. Our results align with prior work in suggesting that the therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic medications may be primarily mediated through their effects on the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Chopra
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shona M Francey
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Graham
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lara Baldwin
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Tahtalian
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susy Harrigan
- Department of Social Work, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristina Sabaroedin
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychology, University Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Egerton A, Murphy A, Donocik J, Anton A, Barker GJ, Collier T, Deakin B, Drake R, Eliasson E, Emsley R, Gregory CJ, Griffiths K, Kapur S, Kassoumeri L, Knight L, Lambe EJB, Lawrie SM, Lees J, Lewis S, Lythgoe DJ, Matthews J, McGuire P, McNamee L, Semple S, Shaw AD, Singh KD, Stockton-Powdrell C, Talbot PS, Veronese M, Wagner E, Walters JTR, Williams SR, MacCabe JH, Howes OD. Dopamine and Glutamate in Antipsychotic-Responsive Compared With Antipsychotic-Nonresponsive Psychosis: A Multicenter Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study (STRATA). Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:505-516. [PMID: 32910150 PMCID: PMC7965076 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The variability in the response to antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia may reflect between-patient differences in neurobiology. Recent cross-sectional neuroimaging studies suggest that a poorer therapeutic response is associated with relatively normal striatal dopamine synthesis capacity but elevated anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamate levels. We sought to test whether these measures can differentiate patients with psychosis who are antipsychotic responsive from those who are antipsychotic nonresponsive in a multicenter cross-sectional study. 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used to measure glutamate levels (Glucorr) in the ACC and in the right striatum in 92 patients across 4 sites (48 responders [R] and 44 nonresponders [NR]). In 54 patients at 2 sites (25 R and 29 NR), we additionally acquired 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]fluoro-l-phenylalanine (18F-DOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) to index striatal dopamine function (Kicer, min-1). The mean ACC Glucorr was higher in the NR than the R group after adjustment for age and sex (F1,80 = 4.27; P = .04). This was associated with an area under the curve for the group discrimination of 0.59. There were no group differences in striatal dopamine function or striatal Glucorr. The results provide partial further support for a role of ACC glutamate, but not striatal dopamine synthesis, in determining the nature of the response to antipsychotic medication. The low discriminative accuracy might be improved in groups with greater clinical separation or increased in future studies that focus on the antipsychotic response at an earlier stage of the disorder and integrate other candidate predictive biomarkers. Greater harmonization of multicenter PET and 1H-MRS may also improve sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Egerton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna Murphy
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jacek Donocik
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Adriana Anton
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gareth J Barker
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Tracy Collier
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Drake
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Eliasson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Emsley
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine J Gregory
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kira Griffiths
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Shitij Kapur
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Kassoumeri
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Laura Knight
- CUBRIC, School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emily J B Lambe
- CUBRIC, School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Jane Lees
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shôn Lewis
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Lythgoe
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Julian Matthews
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lily McNamee
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Scott Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexander D Shaw
- CUBRIC, School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Krish D Singh
- CUBRIC, School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Charlotte Stockton-Powdrell
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter S Talbot
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ernest Wagner
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen R Williams
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James H MacCabe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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13
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Jung F, Carlén M. Neuronal oscillations and the mouse prefrontal cortex. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 158:337-372. [PMID: 33785151 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC) encompasses a collection of agranual brain regions in the rostral neocortex and is considered to be critically involved in the neuronal computations underlying intentional behaviors. Flexible behavioral responses demand coordinated integration of sensory inputs with state, goal and memory information in brain-wide neuronal networks. Neuronal oscillations are proposed to provide a temporal scaffold for coordination of neuronal network activity and routing of information. In the present book chapter, we review findings on the role neuronal oscillations in prefrontal functioning, with a specific focus on research in mice. We discuss discoveries pertaining to local prefrontal processing, as well to interactions with other brain regions. We also discuss how the recent discovery of brain-wide respiration-entrained rhythms (RR) warrant re-evaluation of certain findings on slow oscillations (<10Hz) in prefrontal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Jung
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Carlén
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Białoń M, Chocyk A, Majcher-Maślanka I, Żarnowska M, Michalski K, Antkiewicz-Michaluk L, Wąsik A. 1MeTIQ and olanzapine, despite their neurochemical impact, did not ameliorate performance in fear conditioning and social interaction tests in an MK-801 rat model of schizophrenia. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:490-505. [PMID: 33403530 PMCID: PMC7994239 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 1MeTIQ on fear memory and social interaction in an MK-801-induced model of schizophrenia. The results obtained after administration of 1MeTIQ were compared with those obtained with olanzapine, an antipsychotic drug. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats received a single injection of MK-801 to induce behavioral disorders. 1MeTIQ was given either acutely in a single dose or chronically for 7 consecutive days. Olanzapine was administered once. In groups receiving combined treatments, 1MeTIQ or olanzapine was administered 20 min before MK-801 injection. Contextual fear conditioning was used to assess disturbances in fear memory (FM), and the sociability of the rats was measured in the social interaction test (SIT). Biochemical analysis was carried out to evaluate monoamine levels in selected brain structures after treatment. Results Our results are focused mainly on data obtained from neurochemical studies, demonstrating that 1MeTIQ inhibited the MK-801-induced reduction in dopamine levels in the frontal cortex and increased the 5-HT concentration. The behavioral tests revealed that acute administration of MK-801 caused disturbances in both the FM and SIT tests, while neither 1MeTIQ nor olanzapine reversed these deficits. Conclusion 1MeTIQ, although pharmacologically effective (i.e., it reverses MK-801-induced changes in monoamine activity), did not influence MK-801-induced social and cognitive deficits. Thus, our FM tests and SIT did not support the main pharmacological hypotheses that focus on dopamine system stabilization and dopamine–serotonin system interactions as probable mechanisms for inhibiting the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Białoń
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chocyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Iwona Majcher-Maślanka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcelina Żarnowska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Michalski
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Wąsik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland.
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Limongi R, Mackinley M, Dempster K, Khan AR, Gati JS, Palaniyappan L. Frontal-striatal connectivity and positive symptoms of schizophrenia: implications for the mechanistic basis of prefrontal rTMS. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:3-15. [PMID: 32683527 PMCID: PMC7867561 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), when applied to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC), reduces negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but has no effect on positive symptoms. In a small number of cases, it appears to worsen the severity of positive symptoms. It has been hypothesized that high-frequency rTMS of the LDLPFC might increase the dopaminergic neurotransmission by driving the activity of the left striatum in the basal ganglia (LSTR)-increasing striatal dopaminergic activity. This hypothesis relies on the assumption that either the frontal-striatal connection or the intrinsic frontal and/or striatal connections covary with the severity of positive symptoms. The current work aimed to evaluate this assumption by studying the association between positive and negative symptoms severity and the effective connectivity within the frontal and striatal network using dynamic causal modeling of resting state fMRI in a sample of 19 first episode psychosis subjects. We found that the total score of positive symptoms of schizophrenia is strongly associated with the frontostriatal circuitry. Stronger intrinsic inhibitory tone of LDLPFC and LSTR, as well as decreased bidirectional excitatory influence between the LDLPFC and the LSTR is related to the severity of positive symptoms, especially delusions. We interpret that an increase in striatal dopaminergic tone that underlies positive symptoms is likely associated with increased prefrontal inhibitory tone, strengthening the frontostriatal 'brake'. Furthermore, based on our model, we propose that lessening of positive symptoms could be achieved by means of continuous theta-burst or low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS of the prefrontal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Limongi
- Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond St. N, UWO, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael Mackinley
- Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond St. N, UWO, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada ,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Kara Dempster
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Ali R. Khan
- Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond St. N, UWO, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Joseph S. Gati
- Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond St. N, UWO, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond St. N, UWO, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. .,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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16
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Samaei A, Moradi K, Bagheri S, Ashraf-Ganjouei A, Alikhani R, Mousavi SB, Rezaei F, Akhondzadeh S. Resveratrol Adjunct Therapy for Negative Symptoms in Patients With Stable Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:775-782. [PMID: 33372679 PMCID: PMC7770519 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia can generally manifest a broad variety of primary negative symptoms. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of resveratrol add-on therapy in the treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled setting, schizophrenia patients were assigned to receive either 200 mg/d resveratrol or matched placebo in addition to a stable dose of risperidone for 8 weeks. Patients were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale, the extrapyramidal symptom rating scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale over the trial period. The primary outcome was considered as the change in positive and negative subscale score from baseline to week 8 between the treatment arms. RESULTS A total 52 patients completed the trial (26 in each arm). Baseline characteristics of both groups were statistically similar (P > .05). Despite the statistically similar behavior of positive symptoms between the groups across time (Greenhouse-Geisser corrected: F = 1.76, df = 1.88, P = .180), the resveratrol group demonstrated greater improvement in negative, general psychopathology, and total scores (Greenhouse-Geisser corrected: F = 12.25, df = 2.04, P < .001; F = 5.42, df = 1.56, P = .011; F = 7.64, df = 1.48, P = .003). HDRS scores and its changes, ESRS score, and frequency of other complications were not significantly different between resveratrol and placebo groups. CONCLUSION Adding resveratrol to risperidone can exhibit remarkable efficacy and safety in terms of management of schizophrenia-related negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areoo Samaei
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Moradi
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayna Bagheri
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ashraf-Ganjouei
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rosa Alikhani
- Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farzin Rezaei
- Qods Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence: Shahin Akhondzadeh, PhD, Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Street, Tehran, Iran 13337 ()
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17
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Loureiro CM, Fachim HA, Corsi-Zuelli F, Shuhama R, Joca S, Menezes PR, Dalton CF, Del-Ben CM, Louzada-Junior P, Reynolds GP. Epigenetic-mediated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor changes in the brain of isolated reared rats. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1983-1997. [PMID: 33242253 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated: Grin1, Grin2a, Grin2b DNA methylation; NR1 and NR2 mRNA/protein in the prefrontal cortex (PFC); and hippocampus of male Wistar rats exposed to isolation rearing. Materials & methods: Animals were kept isolated or grouped (n = 10/group) from weaning for 10 weeks. Tissues were dissected for RNA/DNA extraction and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, ELISA and pyrosequencing. Results: Isolated-reared animals had: decreased mRNA in PFC for all markers, increased NR1 protein in hippocampus and hypermethylation of Grin1 in PFC and Grin2b in hippocampus, compared with grouped rats. Associations between mRNA/protein and DNA methylation were found for both brain areas. Conclusion: This study indicates that epigenetic DNA methylation may underlie N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mRNA/protein expression alterations caused by isolation rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Marcelino Loureiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology. Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helene Aparecida Fachim
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Shuhama
- Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sâmia Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology. Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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18
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Huang LC, Lin SH, Tseng HH, Chen KC, Yang YK. The integrated model of glutamate and dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia: Prediction and personalized medicine for prevent potential treatment-resistant patients. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110159. [PMID: 32795840 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is one of the subgroups of schizophrenia of which little is known with regard to its optimal mechanism. Treatment response, either as full remission of symptoms or prediction by biomarker, is important in psychiatry. We have proposed a model that integrates dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems with the biological interactions of TRS patients. We hypothesize that the subgroups of schizophrenia may be determined by glutamatergic and dopaminergic concentrations prior to medical treatment. This hypothesis implies that higher glutamatergic concentration in the brain with normalized or decreased dopamine synthesis capacity may explain aspects of TRS as observed in clinical medical practice, neuroimaging measurements, and brain stimulations. According to this hypothesis, the ability to prescribe a proper medication combination, to predict the outcome in first-episode psychosis, and personalized medicine for chronic schizophrenia patients can be applied into practice. This represents an initial step in explaining psychosis due to the valence of two neurotransmitters. Future studies are needed to examine the validity of this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chung Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chia-Yi Branch, Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Kao Chin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Maier S, Tebartz van Elst L, Philipsen A, Lange T, Feige B, Glauche V, Nickel K, Matthies S, Alm B, Sobanski E, Domschke K, Perlov E, Endres D. Effects of 12-Week Methylphenidate Treatment on Neurometabolism in Adult Patients with ADHD: The First Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled MR Spectroscopy Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082601. [PMID: 32796630 PMCID: PMC7464267 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequent neurodevelopmental disorder that often persists into adulthood. Methylphenidate (MPH) is the first-line treatment for ADHD; however, despite its wide usage, little is known about its neurometabolic effects. Until now, no randomized and blinded clinical trials have been conducted addressing the neurometabolic signals of MPH administration in adults with ADHD. In the current study, the authors investigated how MPH intake and group psychotherapy (GPT) influence brain neurometabolism over the course of three months. The authors hypothesized a decrease in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamate concentration following MPH administration. This study was part of a double-blind multicenter trial (Comparison of Methylphenidate and Psychotherapy in Adult ADHD Study (COMPAS)) investigating the effects of MPH and GPT in patients with adult ADHD. Using single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the pregenual ACC and the left cerebellar hemisphere (CHL), we investigated the concentration of glutamate plus glutamine (Glx), N-acetyl-aspartate, creatine, total choline containing compounds, and myo-inositol in patients before and after 12 weeks of treatment. Neither MPH nor GPT significantly influenced the Glx concentration or any of the other metabolite concentrations in the ACC and CHL after 12 weeks. Therefore, contrary to the hypothesis, no change in the prefrontal Glx signal was detected after MPH treatment. Given that MRS does not differentiate between glutamate in the synaptic cleft and in neuronal tissue, MPH-induced down-regulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the ACC might only affect the concentration of glutamate in the synaptic cleft, while the general availability of glutamate in the respective neuronal tissue might be unaffected by MPH intake. The observed lack of any MPH-induced normalization in metabolite concentrations is less surprising, considering that the baseline sample did not significantly differ from a healthy control group. Future studies of other regions, such as the basal ganglia, and the use of novel methods, such as whole brain MRS and multimodal imaging approaches, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Maier
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (B.F.); (K.N.); (E.P.); (D.E.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (B.F.); (K.N.); (E.P.); (D.E.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (K.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Bernd Feige
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (B.F.); (K.N.); (E.P.); (D.E.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Volkmar Glauche
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (B.F.); (K.N.); (E.P.); (D.E.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Swantje Matthies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Barbara Alm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; (B.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Esther Sobanski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; (B.A.); (E.S.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (K.D.)
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evgeniy Perlov
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (B.F.); (K.N.); (E.P.); (D.E.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (K.D.)
- Clinic for Psychiatry Luzern, St. Urban, 4915 Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Endres
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (B.F.); (K.N.); (E.P.); (D.E.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.); (K.D.)
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Cai S, Lv Y, Huang K, Zhang W, Wang Q, Huang L, Wang J. Modulation on Glutamic Pathway of Frontal-Striatum-Thalamus by rs11146020 and rs3813296 Gene Polymorphism in First-Episode Negative Schizophrenia. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:351. [PMID: 32372910 PMCID: PMC7186427 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The frontal-striatum-thalamus pathway is important in the glutamic neural circuit. The hypofunction of GRIN1 and GRIA2 subunits from glutamic receptors has been hypothesized as the primary process in the etiology of schizophrenia. Identified gene polymorphism involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia may uncover relevant mechanism pathways. Methods We selected two loci of rs11146020 and rs3813296 distributed in GRIN1 and GRIA2 genes and tested their main and interaction effects on causality connections and structural characteristics in the frontal-striatum-thalamus pathway in 55 Han Chinese first-episode negative schizophrenia patients. Results We found that: (1) rs11146020 has a significant main effect on the causality connections between the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and rs3813296 mainly influences those of the descending pathway from the prefrontal cortex to the striatum; (2) interaction effect of rs11146020 and rs3813296 on causality connections are located in the ascending pathway from the pallidum to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; and (3) the two loci have effects on the volumes of several regions of this pathway. Conclusion Our results suggested there is modulation on glutamic frontal-striatum-thalamus pathway by rs11146020 and rs3813296 gene polymorphism. Patients with different genotypes have different neuroimaging characteristics, which indirectly reminded clinicians those patients should receive different clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yahui Lv
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kexin Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyu Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Ma L, Zhao T, Zhang P, Liu M, Shi H, Kang W. Determination of monoamine neurotransmitters and metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography based on Ag(III) complex chemiluminescence detection. Anal Biochem 2020; 593:113594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Lee YH, Papandonatos GD, Savitz DA, Heindel WC, Buka SL. Effects of prenatal bacterial infection on cognitive performance in early childhood. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:70-79. [PMID: 31837043 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiologic studies have reported adverse neurodevelopmental sequelae following prenatal infectious exposure, yet long-term effects estimated from these observational studies are often subject to biases due to confounding and loss to follow-up. OBJECTIVES We demonstrate the joint use of inverse probability (IP) treatment and censoring weights when evaluating neurotoxic effects of prenatal bacterial infection. METHODS We applied IP weighting for both treatment and censoring to estimate the effects of maternal bacterial infection during pregnancy on mean intelligence quotient (IQ) scores measured at age 7 using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Participants were members of a population-based pregnancy cohort recruited in the Boston and Providence sites of the Collaborative Perinatal Project between 1959 and 1966 (n = 11 984). We calculated average treatment effects (ATE) and average treatment effects on the treated (ATT) using IP weights estimated via generalized boosted models. RESULTS ATE- and ATT-weighted mean IQ scores were lowest among offspring exposed to multi-systemic bacterial infection during pregnancy and highest for those unexposed. The effects of prenatal bacterial infection were greater among male offspring, particularly on performance IQ scores. Offspring who were exposed to multi-systemic bacterial infection in the third trimester displayed the largest reduction in mean full-scale, verbal, and performance IQ scores at age 7 compared to those unexposed or exposed in earlier trimesters. CONCLUSIONS We find that prenatal bacterial infection is associated with cognitive impairments at age 7. Associations are strongest for more severe infections, that occur in the third trimester, and among males. Public health intervention targeting bacterial infection in pregnant women may help enhance the cognitive development of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younga H Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - David A Savitz
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William C Heindel
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephen L Buka
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Shahkarami K, Vousooghi N, Golab F, Mohsenzadeh A, Baharvand P, Sadat-Shirazi MS, Babhadi-Ashar N, Shakeri A, Zarrindast MR. Evaluation of dynorphin and kappa-opioid receptor level in the human blood lymphocytes and plasma: Possible role as a biomarker in severe opioid use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107638. [PMID: 31710992 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dynorphin (DYN)/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system plays an important role in the development of addiction, and dysregulation of this system could lead to abnormal activity in the reward pathway. It has been reported that the expression state of the neurotransmitters and their receptors in the brain is reflected in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). METHODS We have evaluated the PBLs and plasma samples of four groups: 1) subjects with severe opioid use disorder (SOD), 2) methadone-maintenance treated (MMT) individuals, 3) long-term abstinent subjects having former SOD, and 4) healthy control subjects (n = 20 in each group). The mRNA expression level of preprodynorphin (pPDYN) and KOR in PBLs has been evaluated by real-time PCR. Peptide expression of PDYN in PBLs has been studied by western blot, and DYN concentration in plasma has been measured by ELISA. RESULTS The relative expression level of the pPDYN mRNA and PDYN peptide in PBLs were significantly up-regulated in SOD, MMT, and abstinent groups compared to control subjects. No significant difference was found in the plasma DYN concentration between study groups. The expression level of the KOR mRNA in PBLs was significantly decreased in all three study groups compared to the control subjects. CONCLUSION the expression changes in the DYN/KOR system after chronic exposure to opioids, including methadone, seems to be stable and does not return to normal levels even after 12 months abstinence. These long-time and permanent changes in PBLs may serve as a biomarker and footprint of SOD development in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Shahkarami
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Mohsenzadeh
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parastoo Baharvand
- Department of Social Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mitra-Sadat Sadat-Shirazi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Babhadi-Ashar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Shakeri
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Endres D, Tebartz van Elst L, Maier SJ, Feige B, Goll P, Meyer SA, Matthies S, Domschke K, Lange T, Sobanski E, Philipsen A, Nickel K, Perlov E. Neurochemical sex differences in adult ADHD patients: an MRS study. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:50. [PMID: 31665071 PMCID: PMC6821019 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Relevant sex differences in symptomatology are discussed. This study compared brain neurometabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left cerebellar hemisphere in age- and IQ-matched adult male (mADHD) and female (fADHD) ADHD patients. Methods We studied 48 (ACC) and 42 (cerebellum) male/female pairs of stimulant-free patients with adult ADHD. Single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to investigate creatine (Cre), total choline (t-Cho), glutamate + glutamine (Glx), N-acetylaspartate, and myo-inositol. The mADHD and fADHD groups were compared using robust linear regression. The level of significance was corrected for multiple tests using the Benjamini-Hochberg approach. Results For the ACC, the signals of Cre (p = 0.008) and t-Cho (p = 0.004) showed significant effects of the age covariate as well as an interaction of sex and age (Cre: p = 0.033; t-Cho: p = 0.040). For the Glx signal, an interaction of sex and age could also be observed (p = 0.033). For cerebellar neurometabolites, the signals of t-Cho (p = 0.049) and Glx (p = 0.049) showed significant effects of the factor sex. Conclusion This is the largest study yet to analyze sex differences in brain neurochemistry in adult patients with ADHD. Different age-dependent t-Cho signals in the ACC might be associated with delayed myelinization in mADHD. Further MRS studies in adult ADHD, accounting for possible sex effects, are warranted to validate the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Endres
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon J Maier
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Goll
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Meyer
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Swantje Matthies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther Sobanski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Clinical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evgeniy Perlov
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry Luzern, St. Urban, Switzerland
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Lieberman JA, Small SA, Girgis RR. Early Detection and Preventive Intervention in Schizophrenia: From Fantasy to Reality. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:794-810. [PMID: 31569988 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19080865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scientific progress in understanding human disease can be measured by the effectiveness of its treatment. Antipsychotic drugs have been proven to alleviate acute psychotic symptoms and prevent their recurrence in schizophrenia, but the outcomes of most patients historically have been suboptimal. However, a series of findings in studies of first-episode schizophrenia patients transformed the psychiatric field's thinking about the pathophysiology, course, and potential for disease-modifying effects of treatment. These include the relationship between the duration of untreated psychotic symptoms and outcome; the superior responses of first-episode patients to antipsychotics compared with patients with chronic illness, and the reduction in brain gray matter volume over the course of the illness. Studies of the effectiveness of early detection and intervention models of care have provided encouraging but inconclusive results in limiting the morbidity and modifying the course of illness. Nevertheless, first-episode psychosis studies have established an evidentiary basis for considering a team-based, coordinated specialty approach as the standard of care for treating early psychosis, which has led to their global proliferation. In contrast, while clinical high-risk research has developed an evidence-based care model for decreasing the burden of attenuated symptoms, no treatment has been shown to reduce risk or prevent the transition to syndromal psychosis. Moreover, the current diagnostic criteria for clinical high risk lack adequate specificity for clinical application. What limits our ability to realize the potential of early detection and intervention models of care are the lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic criteria for pre-syndromal schizophrenia, validated biomarkers, and proven therapeutic strategies. Future research requires methodologically rigorous studies in large patient samples, across multiple sites, that ideally are guided by scientifically credible pathophysiological theories for which there is compelling evidence. These caveats notwithstanding, we can reasonably expect future studies to build on the research of the past four decades to advance our knowledge and enable this game-changing model of care to become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry (Lieberman, Small, Girgis) and Department of Neurology (Small), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Lieberman, Small, Girgis)
| | - Scott A Small
- Department of Psychiatry (Lieberman, Small, Girgis) and Department of Neurology (Small), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Lieberman, Small, Girgis)
| | - Ragy R Girgis
- Department of Psychiatry (Lieberman, Small, Girgis) and Department of Neurology (Small), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Lieberman, Small, Girgis)
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Heinz A, Murray GK, Schlagenhauf F, Sterzer P, Grace AA, Waltz JA. Towards a Unifying Cognitive, Neurophysiological, and Computational Neuroscience Account of Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1092-1100. [PMID: 30388260 PMCID: PMC6737474 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic experiences may be understood as altered information processing due to aberrant neural computations. A prominent example of such neural computations is the computation of prediction errors (PEs), which signal the difference between expected and experienced events. Among other areas showing PE coding, hippocampal-prefrontal-striatal neurocircuits play a prominent role in information processing. Dysregulation of dopaminergic signaling, often secondary to psychosocial stress, is thought to interfere with the processing of biologically important events (such as reward prediction errors) and result in the aberrant attribution of salience to irrelevant sensory stimuli and internal representations. Bayesian hierarchical predictive coding offers a promising framework for the identification of dysfunctional neurocomputational processes and the development of a mechanistic understanding of psychotic experience. According to this framework, mismatches between prior beliefs encoded at higher levels of the cortical hierarchy and lower-level (sensory) information can also be thought of as PEs, with important consequences for belief updating. Low levels of precision in the representation of prior beliefs relative to sensory data, as well as dysfunctional interactions between prior beliefs and sensory data in an ever-changing environment, have been suggested as a general mechanism underlying psychotic experiences. Translating the promise of the Bayesian hierarchical predictive coding into patient benefit will come from integrating this framework with existing knowledge of the etiology and pathophysiology of psychosis, especially regarding hippocampal-prefrontal-striatal network function and neural mechanisms of information processing and belief updating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Sterzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - James A Waltz
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 410-402-6044, fax: 410-402-7198, e-mail:
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Functional Connectivity of Corticostriatal Circuitry and Psychosis-like Experiences in the General Community. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:16-24. [PMID: 30952359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic symptoms are proposed to lie on a continuum, ranging from isolated psychosis-like experiences (PLEs) in nonclinical populations to frank disorder. Here, we investigated the neurobiological correlates of this continuum by examining whether functional connectivity of dorsal corticostriatal circuitry, which is disrupted in psychosis patients and individuals at high risk for psychosis, is associated with the severity of subclinical PLEs. METHODS A community sample of 672 adults with no history of psychiatric or neurological illnesses completed a battery of seven questionnaires spanning various PLE domains. Principal component analysis of 12 subscales taken from seven questionnaires was used to estimate major dimensions of PLEs. Dimension scores from principal component analysis were then correlated with whole-brain voxelwise functional connectivity maps of the dorsal striatum in a subset of 353 participants who completed a resting-state neuroimaging protocol. RESULTS Principal component analysis identified two dimensions of PLEs that accounted for 62.57% of variance in the measures, corresponding to positive (i.e., subthreshold delusions and hallucinations) and negative (i.e., subthreshold social and physical anhedonia) symptom-like PLEs. Reduced functional connectivity between the dorsal striatum and prefrontal and motor cortices correlated with more severe positive PLEs. Increased functional connectivity between the dorsal striatum and motor cortex was associated with more severe negative PLEs. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with past findings in patients and individuals at high risk for psychosis, subthreshold positive symptomatology is associated with reduced functional connectivity of the dorsal circuit. This finding suggests that the connectivity of this circuit tracks the expression of psychotic phenomena across a broad spectrum of severity, extending from the subclinical domain to clinical diagnosis.
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Sadat-Shirazi MS, Ashabi G, Hessari MB, Khalifeh S, Neirizi NM, Matloub M, Safarzadeh M, Vousooghi N, Zarrindast MR. NMDA receptors of blood lymphocytes anticipate cognitive performance variations in healthy volunteers. Physiol Behav 2018; 201:53-58. [PMID: 30553898 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) system, temporarily stores information and uses this information for complex cognitive tasks. WM connects memory, emotional feelings and perception. Evidence compelling that N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) expression relatively affect WM performance in animal models. It has been suggested some peripheral blood lymphocyte's (PBL) receptors are similar with neuronal receptors in the brain, so we measured PBL's receptors changes as a marker of the neuronal receptor. In this study, we examined one hundred adult men with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) as a tool for primary screening for executive function (EF) which include WM. Then, we selected fifty individuals with high and low WCST scores. With digit span and symmetry span tasks, we screened 20 samples for high WM group and 19 samples for low WM group. After separating PBL, we measured mRNA expression level changes in NMDAR subunits with Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. We demonstrated that GluN2D increased and GluN3A decreased in individuals with high WM compared with the low WM (P < .01 and P < .001, respectively). The expression levels of GluN2A, GluN2B, and GluN3B were not altered between two groups (P > .05). Modifying the PBL receptors could be future approaches to defend memory loss and concentrate the senses over WM-related processes in physiological and pathological statuses. We hypothesized that increasing in GluN2 subunits and decreasing in GluN3 subunits led to improving current via NMDAR and subsequently affect WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra-Sadat Sadat-Shirazi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Solmaz Khalifeh
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Monfared Neirizi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Matloub
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarzadeh
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Naserzadeh P, Hafez AA, Abdorahim M, Abdollahifar MA, Shabani R, Peirovi H, Simchi A, Ashtari K. Curcumin loading potentiates the neuroprotective efficacy of Fe 3O 4 magnetic nanoparticles in cerebellum cells of schizophrenic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1244-1252. [PMID: 30453447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the neurotoxic effects of Fe3O4 magnetic- CurNPs on isolated schizophrenia mitochondria of rats as an in vivo model. METHODS We designed CMN loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) (Fe3O4 magnetic- CurNPs) to achieve an enhanced therapeutic effect. The physicochemical properties of Fe3O4 magnetic- CurNPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential. Further, to prove Fe3O4 magnetic- CurNPs results in superior therapeutic effects, and also, the mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, mitochondrial complex II activity, reactive oxygen species generation, ATP level, cytochrome c release and histopathology of cerebellums were determined in brains of schizophrenic rats. RESULTS We showed that effective treatment with CMN reduced or prevented Fe3O4 magnetic-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat brain probably, as well as mitochondrial complex II activity, MMP, and ATP level were remarkably reduced in the cerebellum mitochondria of treated group toward control (p < 0.05). Therewith, ROS generation, and cytochrome c release were notably (p < 0.05) increased in the cerebellum mitochondria of treated group compared with control group. CONCLUSION Taken together, Fe3O4 magnetic- CurNPs exhibits potent antineurotoxicity activity in cerebellums of schizophrenic rats. This approach can be extended to preclinical and clinical use and may have importance in schizophernia treatment in the future. To our knowledge this is the first report that provides the Fe3O4 magnetic- CurNPs could enhance the neuroprotective effects of CMN in the Schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ashrafi Hafez
- Cancer Research Center, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Abdorahim
- Faculté de science, Université Paris-Sud 11, Université Paris Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Mohammad Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Shabani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habiballah Peirovi
- Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box, 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Ashtari
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Höflich A, Michenthaler P, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Circuit Mechanisms of Reward, Anhedonia, and Depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 22:105-118. [PMID: 30239748 PMCID: PMC6368373 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleasure and motivation are important factors for goal-directed behavior and well-being in both animals and humans. Intact hedonic capacity requires an undisturbed interplay between a number of different brain regions and transmitter systems. Concordantly, dysfunction of networks encoding for reward have been shown in depression and other psychiatric disorders. The development of technological possibilities to investigate connectivity on a functional level in humans and to directly influence networks in animals using optogenetics among other techniques has provided new important insights in this field of research.In this review, we aim to provide an overview on the neurobiological substrates of anhedonia on a network level. For this purpose, definition of anhedonia and the involved reward components are described first, then current data on reward networks in healthy individuals and in depressed patients are summarized, and the roles of different neurotransmitter systems involved in reward processing are specified. Based on this information, the impact of different therapeutic approaches on reward processing is described with a particular focus on deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a possibility for a direct modulation of human brain structures in vivo.Overall, results of current studies emphasize the importance of anhedonia in psychiatric disorders and the relevance of targeting this phenotype for a successful psychiatric treatment. However, more data incorporating these results for the refinement of methodological approaches are needed to be able to develop individually tailored therapeutic concepts based on both clinical and neurobiological profiles of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Höflich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Michenthaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Correspondence: Rupert Lanzenberger, MD, PD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria ()
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von Wilmsdorff M, Manthey F, Bouvier ML, Staehlin O, Falkai P, Meisenzahl-Lechner E, Schmitt A, Gebicke-Haerter PJ. Effects of haloperidol and clozapine on synapse-related gene expression in specific brain regions of male rats. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:555-563. [PMID: 29404686 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of clozapine and haloperidol, drugs that are widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia, on gene expression in six cortical and subcortical brain regions of adult rats. Drug treatments started at postnatal day 85 and continued over a 12-week period. Ten animals received haloperidol (1 mg/kg bodyweight) and ten received clozapine (20 mg/kg bodyweight) orally each day. Ten control rats received no drugs. The ten genes selected for this study did not belong to the dopaminergic or serotoninergic systems, which are typically targeted by the two substances, but coded for proteins of the cytoskeleton and proteins belonging to the synaptic transmitter release machinery. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed in the prelimbic cortex, cingulate gyrus (CG1) and caudate putamen and in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) and dentate gyrus. Results show distinct patterns of gene expression under the influence of the two drugs, but also distinct gene regulations dependent on the brain regions. Haloperidol-medicated animals showed statistically significant downregulation of SNAP-25 in CA3 (p = 0.0134) and upregulation of STX1A in CA1 (p = 0.0133) compared to controls. Clozapine-treated animals showed significant downregulation of SNAP-25 in CG1 (p = 0.0013). Our results clearly reveal that the drugs' effects are different between brain regions. These effects are possibly indirectly mediated through feedback mechanisms by proteins targeted by the drugs, but direct effects of haloperidol or clozapine on mechanisms of gene expression cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina von Wilmsdorff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Manthey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Alexianer Krefeld GmbH, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Bouvier
- Laboratory of Brain Morphology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University, Bergische Landstr.2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Meisenzahl-Lechner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter J Gebicke-Haerter
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kawano T, Oshibuchi H, Kawano M, Muraoka H, Tsutsumi T, Yamada M, Ishigooka J, Nishimura K, Inada K. Diazepam suppresses the stress-induced dopaminergic release in the amygdala of methamphetamine-sensitized rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:247-254. [PMID: 29885289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the benzodiazepine class of drugs has proven useful in treating anxiety symptoms, recent studies yield no consistent empirical support for their use in treating psychiatric disorders. However, animal studies using a fear conditioning paradigm have suggested that benzodiazepines facilitate fear memory extinction, dependent on treatment timing and subject conditions. However, we have no data on the effect of subject conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the effect of benzodiazepines depends on hypersensitivity to fear-memory processing. We examined the effect of diazepam, a benzodiazepine, on the extracellular dopamine level in the left amygdala of methamphetamine-sensitized, fear-conditioned model rats, using microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. In this model, the dopamine level in the amygdala excessively increases in response to a fear-conditioned stimulus; the phenomenon has been proposed as a biological marker for hypersensitivity to fear-memory processing. Diazepam inhibited this excessive increase. The extent of the inhibitory effect was greater in the sensitized condition. Diazepam alone increased amygdalar dopamine levels under physiological conditions but not under sensitized conditions. Diazepam did not shorten freezing time in any group. These results suggest that diazepam modulates amygdala dopamine with state dependence and that amygdalar dopamine fine-tuning accounts for part of the therapeutic effect of benzodiazepines on fear memory processing. Further investigation is required to identify patients suitable for treatment with benzodiazepines. This is the first report on the pharmacodynamic effects of benzodiazepine on the amygdalar dopamine basal level and on fear memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kawano
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Hidehiro Oshibuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Kawano
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Muraoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Tsutsumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Makiko Yamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Jun Ishigooka
- CNS Pharmacological Research Institute, 4-26-11, Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan.
| | - Katsuji Nishimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Ken Inada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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Naaijen J, Lythgoe DJ, Zwiers MP, Hartman CA, Hoekstra PJ, Buitelaar JK, Aarts E. Anterior cingulate cortex glutamate and its association with striatal functioning during cognitive control. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:381-391. [PMID: 29395624 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by structural, functional and neurochemical alterations of the fronto-striatal circuits and by deficits in cognitive control. In particular, ADHD has been associated with impairments in top-down fronto-striatal glutamate-signalling. However, it is unknown whether fronto-striatal glutamate is related to cognitive control dysfunction. Here we explored whether and how anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamate relates to striatal BOLD-responses during cognitive control. We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate glutamate-to-creatine ratios in 62 participants (probands with ADHD n=19, unaffected siblings n=24 and typical controls n=19, mean age=20.4). Spectra were collected from the ACC and the dorsal striatum and glutamate-to-creatine ratios were extracted. Thirty-two participants additionally took part in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Stroop task to investigate neural responses during cognitive control. Given small sample sizes we report all effects with p<0.10 along with effect sizes. ADHD subjects showed decreased glutamate-to-creatine ratios in the ACC (F=3.81, p=0.059, ηp2=0.104; medium to large effect-size) compared with controls. Importantly, decreased ACC glutamate-to-creatine ratios were associated with increased striatal BOLD-responses during cognitive control (rho=-0.41, p=0.019; medium effect-size), independent of diagnosis. Increased striatal responses tended to be associated with more errors during the task and more hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (rho=0.34, p=0.058 and rho=0.33, p=0.068, respectively); the latter two being correlated too (rho=0.37, p=0.037), all with medium effect sizes. Our results suggest that ACC glutamate in ADHD might be associated with striatal (dys)functioning during the Stroop task, supporting the role of fronto-striatal glutamate in cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilly Naaijen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - David J Lythgoe
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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The central serotonin2B receptor as a new pharmacological target for the treatment of dopamine-related neuropsychiatric disorders: Rationale and current status of research. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 181:143-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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35
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Purinergic system in psychiatric diseases. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:94-106. [PMID: 28948971 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are debilitating diseases, affecting >80 million people worldwide. There are no causal cures for psychiatric disorders and available therapies only treat the symptoms. The etiology of psychiatric disorders is unknown, although it has been speculated to be a combination of environmental, stress and genetic factors. One of the neurotransmitter systems implicated in the biology of psychiatric disorders is the purinergic system. In this review, we performed a comprehensive search of the literature about the role and function of the purinergic system in the development and predisposition to psychiatric disorders, with a focus on depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, anxiety and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We also describe how therapeutics used for psychiatric disorders act on the purinergic system.
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Tuplin EW, Holahan MR. Aripiprazole, A Drug that Displays Partial Agonism and Functional Selectivity. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:1192-1207. [PMID: 28412910 PMCID: PMC5725548 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170413115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of schizophrenia is challenging due to the wide range of symptoms (positive, negative, cognitive) associated with the disease. Typical antipsychotics that antagonize D2 receptors are effective in treating positive symptoms, but extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) are a common occurrence. Atypical antipsychotics targeting 5-HT2A and D2 receptors are more effective at treating cognitive and negative symptoms compared to typical antipsychotics, but these drugs also result in side-effects such as metabolic syndromes. OBJECTIVE To identify evidence in the literature that elucidates the pharmacological profile of aripiprazole.s. METHODS We searched PubMed for peer reviewed articles on aripiprazole and its clinical efficacy, side-effects, pharmacology, and effects in animal models of schizophrenia symptoms. RESULTS Aripiprazole is a newer atypical antipsychotic that displays a unique pharmacological profile, including partial D2 agonism and functionally selective properties. Aripiprazole is effective at treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and has the potential to treat negative and cognitive symptoms at least as well as other atypical antipsychotics. The drug has a favorable side-effect profile and has a low propensity to result in EPS or metabolic syndromes. Animal models of schizophrenia have been used to determine the efficacy of aripiprazole in symptom management. In these instances, aripiprazole resulted in the reversal of deficits in extinction, pre-pulse inhibition, and social withdrawal. Because aripiprazole requires a greater than 90% occupancy rate at D2 receptors to be clinically active and does not produce EPS, this suggests a functionally selective effect on intracellular signaling pathways. CONCLUSION A combination of factors such as dopamine system stabilization via partial agonism, functional selectivity at D2 receptors, and serotonin-dopamine system interaction may contribute to the ability of aripiprazole to successfully manage schizophrenia symptoms. This review examines these mechanisms of action to further clarify the pharmacological actions of aripiprazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W. Tuplin
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, 3414 Herzberg, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON Canada
| | - Matthew R. Holahan
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, 3414 Herzberg, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON Canada
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Hama S, Murakami T, Yamashita H, Onoda K, Yamawaki S, Kurisu K. Neuroanatomic pathways associated with monoaminergic dysregulation after stroke. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32:633-642. [PMID: 27251297 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the complex relationship between lesion location, symptoms of depression (affective and apathetic), and monoamine dysfunction after stroke. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 48 post-stroke patients that had been assessed for affective and apathetic symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Apathy Scale, respectively. Noradrenalin (NA), dopamine (DA), their metabolites, and a metabolite of serotonin (5-HT) were measured using 24-h urine samples, and 5-HT and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol were measured using blood samples. We developed a statistical parametric map that displayed the associations between lesion location and both positive and negative alterations of monoamines and their metabolites. RESULTS Multivariate analysis indicated that basal ganglia lesions and 5-HT showed relationships with affective symptoms, whereas homovanillic acid was related to apathetic symptoms. Univariate analysis showed no such relationships. However, decreases in NA and DA and increases in NA and DA turnover were related to lesions in the brainstem, whereas increases in NA and DA as well as decreases in NA and DA turnover were related to cortical and/or striatum lesions. 5-HT turnover data showed a pattern opposite to that seen for NA and DA turnover. CONCLUSIONS Monoaminergic neuronal pathways are controlled by both receptor-mediated feedback mechanisms and turnover; thus, depletion of monoamines is not the only cause of depression and apathy. Moreover, the monoamine neuronal network might be divided into two branches, catecholamine (NA and DA) and 5-HT, both of which are anatomically and functionally interconnected and could respectively influence apathetic and affective symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Hama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hibino Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taro Murakami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Yamashita
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiichi Onoda
- Department of Neurology, Shimane University, Izumo-shi, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kurisu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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38
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Dopamine, fronto-striato-thalamic circuits and risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2017; 180:48-57. [PMID: 27595552 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of parallel, integrated circuits link distinct regions of prefrontal cortex with specific nuclei of the striatum and thalamus. Dysfunction of these fronto-striato-thalamic systems is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of psychosis. In this review, we examine evidence from human and animal investigations that dysfunction of a specific dorsal fronto-striato-thalamic circuit, linking the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal (associative) striatum, and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, is apparent across different stages of psychosis, including prior to the onset of a first episode, suggesting that it represents a candidate risk biomarker. We consider how abnormalities at distinct points in the circuit may give rise to the pattern of findings seen in patient populations, and how these changes relate to disruptions in dopamine, glutamate and GABA signaling.
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Kanaan AS, Gerasch S, García-García I, Lampe L, Pampel A, Anwander A, Near J, Möller HE, Müller-Vahl K. Pathological glutamatergic neurotransmission in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Brain 2016; 140:218-234. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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40
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Qi Z, Yu GP, Tretter F, Pogarell O, Grace AA, Voit EO. A heuristic model for working memory deficit in schizophrenia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1860:2696-705. [PMID: 27177811 PMCID: PMC5018429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The life of schizophrenia patients is severely affected by deficits in working memory. In various brain regions, the reciprocal interactions between excitatory glutamatergic neurons and inhibitory GABAergic neurons are crucial. Other neurotransmitters, in particular dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine, modulate the local balance between glutamate and GABA and therefore regulate the function of brain regions. Persistent alterations in the balances between the neurotransmitters can result in working memory deficits. METHODS Here we present a heuristic computational model that accounts for interactions among neurotransmitters across various brain regions. The model is based on the concept of a neurochemical interaction matrix at the biochemical level and combines this matrix with a mobile model representing physiological dynamic balances among neurotransmitter systems associated with working memory. RESULTS The comparison of clinical and simulation results demonstrates that the model output is qualitatively very consistent with the available data. In addition, the model captured how perturbations migrated through different neurotransmitters and brain regions. Results showed that chronic administration of ketamine can cause a variety of imbalances, and application of an antagonist of the D2 receptor in PFC can also induce imbalances but in a very different manner. CONCLUSIONS The heuristic computational model permits a variety of assessments of genetic, biochemical, and pharmacological perturbations and serves as an intuitive tool for explaining clinical and biological observations. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The heuristic model is more intuitive than biophysically detailed models. It can serve as an important tool for interdisciplinary communication and even for psychiatric education of patients and relatives. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "System Genetics" Guest Editor: Dr. Yudong Cai and Dr. Tao Huang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Integrative BioSystems Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Gina P Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Felix Tretter
- Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Anthony A Grace
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 456 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eberhard O Voit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Integrative BioSystems Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Does cannabidiol have a role in the treatment of schizophrenia? Schizophr Res 2016; 176:281-290. [PMID: 27374322 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder which places a significant emotional and economic strain on the individual and society-at-large. Unfortunately, currently available therapeutic strategies do not provide adequate relief and some patients are treatment-resistant. In this regard, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa, has shown significant promise as a potential antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia. However, there is still considerable uncertainty about the mechanism of action of CBD as well as the brain regions which are thought to mediate its putative antipsychotic effects. We argue that further research on CBD is required to fast-track its progress to the clinic and in doing so, we may generate novel insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
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42
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Meyer U, Yee BK, Feldon J. The Neurodevelopmental Impact of Prenatal Infections at Different Times of Pregnancy: The Earlier the Worse? Neuroscientist 2016; 13:241-56. [PMID: 17519367 DOI: 10.1177/1073858406296401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental insults taking place in early brain development may have long-lasting consequences for adult brain functioning. There is a large body of epidemiological data linking maternal infections during pregnancy to a higher incidence of psychiatric disorders with a presumed neurodevelopmental origin in the offspring, including schizophrenia and autism. Although specific gestational windows may be associated with a differing vulnerability to infection-mediated disturbances in normal brain development, it still remains debatable whether and/or why certain gestation periods may confer maximal risk for neurodevelopmental disturbances following the prenatal exposure to infectious events. In this review, the authors integrate both epidemiological and experimental findings supporting the hypothesis that infection-associated immunological events in early fetal life may have a stronger neurodevelopmental impact compared to late pregnancy infections. This is because infections in early gestation may not only interfere with fundamental neurodevelopmental events such as cell proliferation and differentiation, but it may also predispose the developing nervous system to additional failures in subsequent cell migration, target selection, and synapse maturation, eventually leading to multiple brain and behavioral abnormalities in the adult offspring. The temporal dependency of the epidemiological link between maternal infections during pregnancy and a higher risk for brain disorders in the offspring may thus be explained by specific spatiotemporal events in the course of fetal brain development. NEUROSCIENTIST 13(3):241—256, 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Meyer
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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Gallinat J, McMahon K, Kühn S, Schubert F, Schaefer M. Cross-sectional Study of Glutamate in the Anterior Cingulate and Hippocampus in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:425-33. [PMID: 26333842 PMCID: PMC4753596 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been growing support for dysfunctions of the excitatory glutamatergic system and its implications for the psychophysiology of schizophrenia. However, previous studies reported mixed results regarding glutamate concentrations in schizophrenia with varying deviations across brain regions. METHODS We used an optimized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy procedure to measure absolute glutamate concentrations in the left hippocampal region and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in 29 medicated patients with schizophrenia and in 29 control participants without mental disorder. RESULTS The glutamate concentrations were significantly lower in the ACC but higher in the hippocampus of patients compared to controls. ACC and hippocampal glutamate concentrations correlated positively in patients but not in controls. ACC glutamate was weakly associated with Clinical Global Impression score and duration of illness in patients. CONCLUSION Glutamate concentrations in schizophrenia deviate from controls and show associations with disease severity. A higher concentration of hippocampal glutamate in schizophrenia compared to controls is shown. The association between ACC and hippocampus glutamate concentrations in patients with schizophrenia suggests an abnormal coupling of excitatory systems compared to controls as predicted by previous glutamate models of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Gallinat
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany;
| | - Kibby McMahon
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martin Schaefer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Addiction Medicine, Essen, Germany
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Prefrontal and Striatal Glutamate Differently Relate to Striatal Dopamine: Potential Regulatory Mechanisms of Striatal Presynaptic Dopamine Function? J Neurosci 2015; 35:9615-21. [PMID: 26134644 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0329-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Theoretical and animal work has proposed that prefrontal cortex (PFC) glutamate inhibits dopaminergic inputs to the ventral striatum (VS) indirectly, whereas direct VS glutamatergic afferents have been suggested to enhance dopaminergic inputs to the VS. In the present study, we aimed to investigate relationships of glutamate and dopamine measures in prefrontostriatal circuitries of healthy humans. We hypothesized that PFC and VS glutamate, as well as their balance, are differently associated with VS dopamine. Glutamate concentrations in the left lateral PFC and left striatum were assessed using 3-Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Striatal presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity was measured by fluorine-18-l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (F-18-FDOPA) positron emission tomography. First, a negative relationship was observed between glutamate concentrations in lateral PFC and VS dopamine synthesis capacity (n = 28). Second, a positive relationship was revealed between striatal glutamate and VS dopamine synthesis capacity (n = 26). Additionally, the intraindividual difference between PFC and striatal glutamate concentrations correlated negatively with VS dopamine synthesis capacity (n = 24). The present results indicate an involvement of a balance in PFC and striatal glutamate in the regulation of VS dopamine synthesis capacity. This notion points toward a potential mechanism how VS presynaptic dopamine levels are kept in a fine-tuned range. A disruption of this mechanism may account for alterations in striatal dopamine turnover as observed in mental diseases (e.g., in schizophrenia). SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The present work demonstrates complementary relationships between prefrontal and striatal glutamate and ventral striatal presynaptic dopamine using human imaging measures: a negative correlation between prefrontal glutamate and presynaptic dopamine and a positive relationship between striatal glutamate and presynaptic dopamine are revealed. The results may reflect a regulatory role of prefrontal and striatal glutamate for ventral striatal presynaptic dopamine levels. Such glutamate-dopamine relationships improve our understanding of neurochemical interactions in prefrontostriatal circuits and have implications for the neurobiology of mental disease.
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Lorenz RC, Gleich T, Buchert R, Schlagenhauf F, Kühn S, Gallinat J. Interactions between glutamate, dopamine, and the neuronal signature of response inhibition in the human striatum. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4031-40. [PMID: 26177932 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition is a basic mechanism in cognitive control and dysfunctional in major psychiatric disorders. The neuronal mechanisms are in part driven by dopamine in the striatum. Animal data suggest a regulatory role of glutamate on the level of the striatum. We used a trimodal imaging procedure of the human striatum including F18-DOPA positron emission tomography, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional magnetic resonance imaging of a stop signal task. We investigated dopamine synthesis capacity and glutamate concentration in vivo and their relation to functional properties of response inhibition. A mediation analysis revealed a significant positive association between dopamine synthesis capacity and inhibition-related neural activity in the caudate nucleus. This relationship was significantly mediated by striatal glutamate concentration. Furthermore, stop signal reaction time was inversely related to striatal activity during inhibition. The data show, for the first time in humans, an interaction between dopamine, glutamate, and the neural signature of response inhibition in the striatum. This finding stresses the importance of the dopamine-glutamate interaction for behavior and may facilitate the understanding of psychiatric disorders characterized by impaired response inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Lorenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Gleich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Excellence Cluster, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Fellow Group 'Cognitive and Affective Control of Behavioral Adaptation', Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Shaqiri A, Willemin J, Sierro G, Roinishvili M, Iannantuoni L, Rürup L, Chkonia E, Herzog MH, Mohr C. Does chronic nicotine consumption influence visual backward masking in schizophrenia and schizotypy? SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2015; 2:93-99. [PMID: 29114459 PMCID: PMC5609643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine consumption is higher for people within the schizophrenia spectrum compared to controls. This observation supports the self-medication hypothesis, that nicotine relieves symptoms in, for example, schizophrenia patients. We tested whether performance in an endophenotype of schizophrenia (visual backward masking, VBM) is modulated by nicotine consumption in i) smoking and non-smoking schizophrenia patients, their first-degree relatives, and age-matched controls, ii) non-smoking and smoking university students, and iii) non-smoking, early and late onset nicotine smokers. Overall, our results confirmed that VBM deficits are an endophenotype of schizophrenia, i.e., deficits were highest in patients, followed by their relatives, students scoring high in Cognitive Disorganisation, and controls. Moreover, we found i) beneficial effects of chronic nicotine consumption on VBM performance, in particular with increasing age, and ii) little impact of clinical status alone or in interaction with nicotine consumption on VBM performance. Given the younger age of undergraduate students (up to 30 years) versus controls and patients (up to 66 years), we propose that age-dependent VBM deficits emerge when schizotypy effects are targeted in populations of a larger age range, but that nicotine consumption might counteract these deficits (supporting the self-medication hypothesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Albulena Shaqiri
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. Tel: + 41 21 693 2772; fax: + 41 21 69 31749.
| | - Julie Willemin
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Bâtiment Geopolis, Quartier Mouline, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Sierro
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Bâtiment Geopolis, Quartier Mouline, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maya Roinishvili
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Luisa Iannantuoni
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Bâtiment Geopolis, Quartier Mouline, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Linda Rürup
- Institute for Psychology and Cognition Research, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Eka Chkonia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Michael H. Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Mohr
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Bâtiment Geopolis, Quartier Mouline, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Dysfunctional prefrontal gamma-band oscillations reflect working memory and other cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:1010-9. [PMID: 25847179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in working memory (WM) and other cognitive functions are cardinal neuropsychological symptoms in schizophrenia (ScZ). The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is important for mediating and executing these functions. Functional neuroimaging and molecular studies have consistently shown PFC abnormalities in ScZ. In addition, recent studies have suggested that impairments in oscillatory activity, especially in the gamma band (approximately 30-80 Hz), reflect disturbed cortical information processing in this patient group. Here we review evidence that dysfunctional gamma-band responses (GBR) in the PFC could be a factor contributing to WM and other cognitive deficits in ScZ. We provide an overview of noninvasive electrophysiological studies reporting frontal GBR abnormalities in ScZ patients during WM and other cognitive tasks. In agreement with the often-reported hypofrontality in functional neuroimaging studies, the majority of reviewed studies revealed reduced amplitudes or reduced phase locking of GBR over frontal areas in this patient group. Clinical implications derived from these findings and possibilities to foster future studies on GBR abnormalities in ScZ patients, are discussed. Since oscillatory activity in the gamma band has previously been linked to a variety of neurotransmitters, such as the gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic system, the study of prefrontal GBR could also have implications for pharmacologic approaches in the treatment of WM and other cognitive deficits in ScZ.
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O'Connor WT, O'Shea SD. Clozapine and GABA transmission in schizophrenia disease models. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 150:47-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dieset I, Haukvik UK, Melle I, Røssberg JI, Ueland T, Hope S, Dale AM, Djurovic S, Aukrust P, Agartz I, Andreassen OA. Association between altered brain morphology and elevated peripheral endothelial markers--implications for psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2015; 161:222-8. [PMID: 25433965 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and structural brain abnormalities have been reported in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but the relationships between these factors are unknown. We aimed to identify associations between markers of inflammatory and endothelial activation and structural brain variation in psychotic disorders. METHODS We measured von Willebrand factor (vWf) as a marker of endothelial cell activation and six inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-receptor 1, osteoprotegerin, interleukin-1-receptor antagonist, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, CD40 ligand) in plasma and 16 brain structures obtained from MRI scans of 356 individuals (schizophrenia spectrum; n=121, affective spectrum; n=95, healthy control subjects; n=140). The relationship between the inflammatory and endothelial markers and brain measurements were investigated across groups. RESULTS There was a positive association (p=2.5×10(-4)) between plasma levels of vWf and total volume of the basal ganglia which remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Treatment with first generation antipsychotics was associated with basal ganglia volume only (p=0.009). After adjusting for diagnosis and antipsychotic medication, vWf remained significantly associated with increased basal ganglia volume (p=0.008), in particular the right globus pallidus (p=3.7×10(-4)). The relationship between vWf and basal ganglia volume was linear in all groups, but the intercept was significantly higher in the schizophrenia group (df=2, F=8.2, p=3.4×10(-4)). CONCLUSION Our results show a strong positive correlation between vWf levels and basal ganglia volume, in particular globus pallidus, independent of diagnosis. vWf levels were significantly higher in schizophrenia, which could indicate a link between endothelial cell activation and basal ganglia morphology in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Dieset
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Unn Kristin Haukvik
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Ivar Røssberg
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrun Hope
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Antioxidant Interventions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0440-2_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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