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Liu JYH, Deng Y, Hui JCM, Du P, Ng HSH, Lu Z, Yang L, Liu L, Khalid A, Ngan MP, Cui D, Jiang B, Chan SW, Rudd JA. Regional differences of tachykinin effects on smooth muscle and pacemaker potentials of the stomach, duodenum, ileum and colon of an emetic model, the house musk shrews. Neuropeptides 2023; 97:102300. [PMID: 36370658 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The contractile effects of tachykinins on the gastrointestinal tract are well-known, but how they modulate slow-waves, particularly in species capable of emesis, remains largely unknown. We aimed to elucidate the effects of tachykinins on myoelectric and contractile activity of isolated gastrointestinal tissues of the Suncus murinus. METHODS The effects of substance P (SP), neurokinin (NK)A, NKB and selective NK1 (CP122,721, CP99,994), NK2 (SR48,968, GR159,897) and NK3 (SB218,795, SB222,200) receptor antagonists on isolated stomach, duodenum, ileum and colon segments were studied. Mechanical contractile activity was recorded using isometric force displacement transducers. Electrical pacemaker activity was recorded using a microelectrode array. RESULTS Compared with NKA, SP induced larger contractions in stomach tissue and smaller contractions in intestinal segments, where oscillation magnitudes increased in intestinal segments, but not the stomach. CP122,721 and GR159,897 inhibited electrical field stimulation-induced contractions of the stomach, ileum and colon. NKB and NK3 had minor effects on contractile activity. The inhibitory potencies of SP and NKA on the peristaltic frequency of the colon and ileum, respectively, were correlated with those on electrical pacemaker frequency. SP, NKA and NKB inhibited pacemaker activity of the duodenum and ileum, but increased that of the stomach and colon. SP elicited a dose-dependent contradictive pacemaker frequency response in the colon. CONCLUSION This study revealed distinct effects of tachykinins on the mechanical and electrical properties of the stomach and colon vs. the proximal intestine, providing a unique aspect on neuromuscular correlation in terms of the effects of tachykinin on peristaltic and pacemaker activity in gastrointestinal-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y H Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
| | - Yingyi Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Jessica C M Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Peng Du
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Heidi S H Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Zengbing Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Lingqing Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Luping Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Aleena Khalid
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - M P Ngan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Dexuan Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Bin Jiang
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - S W Chan
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - John A Rudd
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
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Wu F, Zhang M, Zhou W, Chen W, Liu M, Wu H. Copper(I)-Catalyzed N–O Bond Formation through Vinyl Nitrene Mediated Pathway under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5999-6005. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wanzhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Miaochang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Huayue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
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Manorak W, Idahosa C, Gupta K, Roy S, Panettieri R, Ali H. Upregulation of Mas-related G Protein coupled receptor X2 in asthmatic lung mast cells and its activation by the novel neuropeptide hemokinin-1. Respir Res 2018; 19:1. [PMID: 29295703 PMCID: PMC5751818 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemokinin-1 (HK-1) is a novel neuropeptide produced by human bronchial cells and macrophages and causes contraction of human bronchi ex vivo. It is also generated by antigen/IgE-activated murine mast cells (MCs) and contributes to experimental chronic allergic airway inflammation via the activation of the neurokinin receptor-1 (NK-1R) expressed on murine MCs. We found elevated MC numbers in the lungs of individuals who died from asthma (asthma) when compared to lungs of individuals who died from other causes (non-asthma). Mas-related G Protein coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) is a novel G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that is expressed predominantly on human MCs. We detected low level of MRGPRX2 in non-asthma lung MCs but its expression was significantly upregulated in asthma lung MCs. HK-1 caused degranulation in a human MC line (LAD2) and RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 and this response was resistant to inhibition by an NK-1R antagonist. However, knockdown of MRGPRX2 in LAD2 cells resulted in substantial inhibition of HK-1-induced degranulation. These findings suggest that while HK-1 contributes to the development of experimental asthma in mice via NK-1R on murine MCs the effect of this neuropeptide on human bronchoconstriction likely reflects the activation of MRGPRX2 on lung MCs. Thus, development of selective MRGPRX2 antagonists could serve as novel target for the modulation of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichayapha Manorak
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6030, USA
| | - Chizobam Idahosa
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Present Address: Departmentof Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kshitij Gupta
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6030, USA
| | - Saptarshi Roy
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6030, USA
| | - Reynold Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6030, USA.
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Krautscheid Y, Senning CJÅ, Sartori SB, Singewald N, Schuster D, Stuppner H. Pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, and in vitro testing reveal haloperidol, eprazinone, and fenbutrazate as neurokinin receptors ligands. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:1747-57. [PMID: 24849814 DOI: 10.1021/ci500106z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurokinin receptors (NKRs) have been shown to be involved in many physiological processes, rendering them promising novel drug targets, but also making them the possible cause for side effects of several drugs. Aiming to answer the question whether the binding to NKRs could have a share in the side effects or even the desired effects of already licensed drugs, we generated a set of ligand-based common feature pharmacophore models based on the structural information about subtype-selective and nonselective NKR antagonists and screened an in-house database mainly composed of licensed drugs. The prospective pharmacological investigations of the virtual hits haloperidol, eprazinone, and fenbutrazate confirmed them to be NKR ligands in vitro. By the identification of licensed drugs as so far unknown NKR ligands, this study contributes to establishing an activity profile of the investigated compounds and confirms the presented pharmacophore models as useful tools for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Krautscheid
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, ‡Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CAMD Group, §Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI) , Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine (CCB), Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Progress in the development of neurokinin 3 modulators for the treatment of schizophrenia: molecule development and clinical progress. Future Med Chem 2014; 5:1525-46. [PMID: 24024945 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide NK3 receptor is expressed almost exclusively within the mammalian nervous system and its localization is commensurate with a role in modulating central monoaminergic neurotransmission. Following on from our previous work we review the rationale for NK3 receptor antagonists as wide spectrum antipsychotics and the recent scientific and patent literature that has highlighted new chemical strategies to identify selective NK3 and dual activity NK1/3 receptor ligands for the putative treatment of schizophrenia. We discuss the emerging structural biology and its use in the design of molecules with increased structural diversity and predictable receptor pharmacology. Particular attention is paid to the progress in improving ligand drug-like properties. The status of imaging and the development of translational technologies in the neurokinin field are also discussed. Finally, we summarize the available clinical information on the compounds that have progressed into psychiatric patient populations and evaluate the potential therapeutic utility of NK3 receptor targeted ligands.
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6
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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7
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Corboz MR, Rivelli MA, Eckel SP. Bronchoconstrictor effect of the tachykinin NK3-receptor agonists [MePhe7]-neurokinin B and senktide in the isolated guinea pig lung. Exp Lung Res 2010; 36:509-21. [DOI: 10.3109/01902141003777582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Fransson R, Botros M, Sköld C, Nyberg F, Lindeberg G, Hallberg M, Sandström A. Discovery of dipeptides with high affinity to the specific binding site for substance P1-7. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2383-9. [PMID: 20178322 DOI: 10.1021/jm901352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Substance P 1-7 (SP(1-7), H-Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-OH) is the major bioactive metabolite of substance P. The interest in this heptapeptide originates from the observation that it modulates, and in certain cases opposes the effects of the parent peptide, e.g., the nociceptive effect. The mu-opioid receptor agonist endomorphin-2 (EM-2, H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH(2)) has been found to also interact with the specific binding site of SP(1-7) with only a 10-fold lower affinity compared to the native peptide. Considering the smaller size of EM-2 compared to the target heptapeptide, it was selected as a lead compound in the development of low-molecular-weight ligands to the SP(1-7) binding site. An alanine scan and truncation study led to the unexpected discovery of the dipeptide H-Phe-Phe-NH(2) (K(i) = 1.5 nM), having equal affinity as the endogenous heptapeptide SP(1-7.) Moreover, the studies show that the C-terminal phenylalanine amide is crucial for the affinity of the dipeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Fransson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Veres TZ, Rochlitzer S, Braun A. The role of neuro-immune cross-talk in the regulation of inflammation and remodelling in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 122:203-14. [PMID: 19292991 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the development of anti-asthmatic medication, asthma continues to be a major health problem worldwide. The symptoms of asthmatic patients include wheezing, chest tightness, cough and shortness of breath, which, together with airway hyperresponiveness, previously have been attributed to a dysfunction of airway nerves. However, research in the last two decades identified Th2-sensitization and the subsequent allergic reaction to innocuous environmental antigens as a basic immunological mechanism leading to chronic airway inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that the development of allergic asthma is influenced by events and circumstances in early childhood and even in utero. Allergen, ozone or stress exposure, as well as RSV infection in early life could be able to induce irreversible changes in the developing epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit of the airways. The co-existence of chronic inflammation and neural dysfunction have recently drawn attention to the involvement of interaction pathways between the nervous and the immune system in the airways. Intensive basic research has accumulated morphological as well as functional evidence for the interaction between nerves and immune cells. Neuropeptides and neurotrophins have come into focus of attention as the key mediators of neuro-immune interactions, which lead to the development of several pharmacological compounds specifically targeting these molecules. This review will integrate our current knowledge on the involvement of neuro-immune pathways in asthma on the cellular and molecular level. It will summarize the results of pharmacological studies addressing the potential of neuropeptides and neurotrophins as novel therapeutic targets in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Z Veres
- Department of Immunology, Allergology and Immunotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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Tsuchida H, Takahashi S, Nosaka E, Kuraya T, Yamashita M, Morimoto K. Novel triple neurokinin receptor antagonist CS-003 inhibits respiratory disease models in guinea pigs. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 596:153-9. [PMID: 18706408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurokinins are known to induce neurogenic inflammation related to respiratory diseases. The effects of CS-003 ([1-{2-[(2R)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)morpholin-2-yl]ethyl}spiro[benzo[c]thiophene-1(3H),4'-piperidine]-(2S)-oxide hydrochloride]), a novel triple neurokinin receptor antagonist, on several respiratory disease models were evaluated in guinea pigs. As we have already shown that CS-003 is intravenously effective, we first determined if CS-003 was orally effective. CS-003 dose-dependently inhibited substance P-induced tracheal vascular hyperpermeability, neurokinin A- and neurokinin B-induced bronchoconstriction with ID(50) values of 3.6, 1.3 and 0.89 mg/kg (p.o.), respectively. CS-003 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the number of coughs induced by capsaicin aerosol (P<0.01) and the antitussive effect was comparable to that of codeine. CS-003 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) also inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine chloride in ovalbumin-induced asthma models (P<0.01), a milder one and a severer one. On the other hand, montelukast (10 mg/kg, p.o.), a leukotriene receptor antagonist, significantly inhibited the hyperresponsiveness only in the milder model (P<0.05). In an ovalbumin-induced rhinitis model, oral administration of CS-003 inhibited nasal blockade in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibitory effect was comparable to that of dexamethasone (10 mg/kg, p.o.). CS-003 (i.v.) also dose-dependently inhibited cigarette smoke-induced bronchoconstriction, tracheal vascular hyperpermeability and mucus secretion. These data show that CS-003, a potent orally active triple neurokinin receptor antagonist, may be useful for the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with neurokinins, such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsuchida
- Biological Research Laboratories III, DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Cheng FHM, Chan SW, Rudd JA. Contractile effect of tachykinins on Suncus murinus (house musk shrew) isolated ileum. Neuropeptides 2008; 42:671-9. [PMID: 18582934 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies used Suncus murinus to investigate the anti-emetic potential of NK(1) tachykinin receptor antagonists. However, the pharmacology of tachykinin receptors in this species has not been fully characterized. In the present studies, therefore, we examined a range of tachykinin receptor agonists for a capacity to induce contractions of the isolated ileum. The tachykinin NK1 receptor preferring agonists substance P, septide and [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P, and the tachykinin NK2 preferring agonists neurokinin A and GR 64349 (Lys-Asp-Ser-Phe-Val-Gly-R-gamma-lactam-Leu-Met-NH2) caused concentration dependent contractions with EC50 values in the nanomolar range. However, the tachykinin NK3 preferring agonists neurokinin B and senktide (1nM-1microM) induced only weak contractions. The action of senktide, but not [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P, septide, or GR 64349, was antagonized significantly by atropine (P<0.05); tetrodotoxin and hexamethonium were inactive. The tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist CP-99,994 ((+)-[(2S,3S)-3-(2-methoxy-benzyl-amino)-2-phenylpiperidine]) (10-100nM) inhibited substance P- and septide-induced contractions non-competitively. The pA2 value estimated for CP-99,994 against septide was 7.3+/-0.1. It also non-competitively antagonized the contractile responses induced by [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P with a pA2 of 7.4+/-0.1. CP-99,994 also had a slight inhibitory action on neurokinin A-induced contractions, but did not modify the action of GR 64349. Conversely, the tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist, saredutant, competitively antagonized GR 64349-induced contractions with a pA2 of 7.34+/-0.02. On the other hand, the presence of both CP-99,994 and saredutant competitively antagonized substance P-induced contraction. The present studies indicate that tachykininNK1 and NK2 receptors exist in the ileum of S. murinus and are involved in mediating contractions directly on smooth muscle, whereas tachykinin NK3 receptors may play a minor role involving a release of acetylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie H M Cheng
- Emesis Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Tsuchida H, Takahashi S, Nosaka E, Mukaiyama O, Yamashita M, Morimoto K. Novel triple neurokinin receptor antagonist CS-003 strongly inhibits neurokinin related responses. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 586:306-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
The guinea pig has been the most commonly used small animal species in preclinical studies related to asthma and COPD. The primary advantages of the guinea pig are the similar potencies and efficacies of agonists and antagonists in human and guinea pig airways and the many similarities in physiological processes, especially airway autonomic control and the response to allergen. The primary disadvantages to using guinea pigs are the lack of transgenic methods, limited numbers of guinea pig strains for comparative studies and a prominent axon reflex that is unlikely to be present in human airways. These attributes and various models developed in guinea pigs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Canning
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Punke JP, Speas AL, Reynolds LR, Claxton RF, Budsberg SC. Kinetic gait and subjective analysis of the effects of a tachykinin receptor antagonist in dogs with sodium urate-induced synovitis. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68:704-8. [PMID: 17605604 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.7.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the ability of preemptive administration of a proprietary neurokinin-1 (NK(1)) receptor antagonist to attenuate limb dysfunction associated with monosodium urate-induced synovitis in the stifle joints of dogs. ANIMALS 16 clinically normal adult mixed-breed dogs (8 males and 8 females). PROCEDURES A crossover study was conducted in 2 phases. Dogs were assigned to 2 groups (8 dogs/group) and orally administered an NK(1) receptor antagonist (3 mg/kg) or a control substance once daily for 4 days. Synovitis was then induced in the left stifle joint by intra-articular injection of monosodium urate. Investigators were not aware of treatment group assignments. Dogs were evaluated by use of subjective lameness scores during standing, walking, and trotting and by use of ground reaction force data 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours after urate injection. After a 21-day washout period, the experiment was repeated with each dog administered the other treatment and injected with monosodium urate in the contralateral stifle joint. RESULTS No significant differences were detected between the NK(1) receptor antagonist and control treatments with regard to peak vertical force, vertical impulse area, or subjective evaluations of lameness during standing, walking, or trotting, except during walking 24 hours after monosodium urate injection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Preemptive administration of an NK(1) receptor antagonist failed to significantly improve subjective or objective outcome measures in dogs with monosodium urate-induced synovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Punke
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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15
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Losco PE, Leach MW, Sinha D, Davis P, Schmahai TJ, Nomier A, Kakkar T, Reyderman L, Lynch ME. Administration of an antagonist of neurokinin receptors 1, 2, and 3 results in reproductive tract changes in beagle dogs, but not rats. Toxicol Pathol 2007; 35:310-22. [PMID: 17366326 DOI: 10.1080/01926230701198766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
SCH 206272, an antagonist of neurokinin receptors 1, 2, and 3, was administered orally by gavage for 1 month to 8- to 10-month-old dogs at doses of 0, 15, 30, or 60 mg/kg, and to 6-week-old rats at doses of 0, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg. The most important changes occurred in the reproductive tract of the dogs at all doses. Absolute and relative group mean organ weights for the testes, prostate gland, epididymides, ovaries, and uterus were 33-86% lower than concurrent controls in groups receiving SCH 206272. Organ weight changes were not dose-related. Microscopic changes that correlated with the organ weight changes occurred in all groups receiving SCH 206272. For males, they included minimal to severe atrophy of the testes, epididymides, and prostate gland. In addition, the epididymides exhibited severe oligospermia or aspermia, minimal epithelial apoptosis and mild epithelial vacuolation. In female dogs, the ovaries and uteri appeared immature. Microscopic changes were similar in incidence and severity in dogs receiving 30 or 60 mg/kg, but were slightly less in dogs receiving 15 mg/kg. In contrast, similar findings were not observed in the reproductive tract of male or female rats, despite overlapping systemic, hypothalamic, and pituitary gland concentrations of SCH 206272.
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Meinke L, Chitkara R, Krishna G. Advances in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007; 8:23-37. [PMID: 17163804 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.8.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the fourth leading cause of death, seems to be increasing in worldwide prevalence, and carries with it a significant health and economic burden. Smoking cessation is the only available intervention proven to halt disease progression. The authors discuss the role of the newly approved agent, varenicline, in promotion of smoking cessation. The remainder of presently available therapies treat the symptoms of COPD, but do not impact progression of disease. As the understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD improves, new targets for therapies are emerging. Given the large number of potential targets and the results of recent studies, it seems unlikely that a single new agent will result in a cure. Rather, management of COPD should involve a multi-pronged approach including smoking cessation, bronchodilators, treatment of infection, and eventual targeting of inflammatory pathways and genetic predispositions. In this article, the authors discuss presently available therapies as well as agents under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Meinke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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17
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Swarna VM, Undem BJ, Korlipara VL. Design and synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted benzamide analogues of DNK333 as dual NK1/NK2 receptor probes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:890-4. [PMID: 17169559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
N-[(R,R)-(E)-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-3-(2-oxoazepan-3-yl)carbamoyl]allyl-N-methyl-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (DNK333, 1b) has been reported to be a potent and balanced dual neurokinin (tachykinin) receptor antagonist. A recent clinical trial using DNK333 has shown that it blocks the NKA-induced bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma. A series of six analogues 3-8 derived from modification of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzamide moiety of DNK333 has been synthesized to serve as the dual NK(1)/NK(2) receptor probes. The 3,5-dinitro substituted benzamide compound 3 was found to possess potent and balanced dual NK(1)/NK(2) receptor antagonist activities (pK(b)=8.4 for the NK(1) receptors, pK(b)=7.87 for the NK(2) receptors) in the functional assay using guinea pig trachea. Furthermore, SAR analysis suggests that steric, electronic, and lipophilic characteristics of substituents in the benzamide region of DNK333 have a crucial effect on both the NK(1) and NK(2) receptor antagonist activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Manoj Swarna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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18
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Canning BJ. Neurokinin3 receptor regulation of the airways. Vascul Pharmacol 2006; 45:227-34. [PMID: 16945590 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2005.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurokinin(3) (NK(3)) receptors may regulate the airways primarily through actions on the nerves. In the periphery, airway parasympathetic ganglia neurons are depolarized following NK(3) receptor activation resulting subsequently in the facilitation of synaptic transmission. Such an effect may account for the excessive parasympathetic reflex effects (e.g. airway smooth muscle contraction, vascular engorgement, mucus secretion) associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the central nervous system (CNS), NK(3) receptor activation may regulate airway vagal afferent relay neurons, rendering them hyperresponsive to parallel inputs from glutamate containing afferent nerves. This process is analogous to the process of central sensitization regulating hyperalgesia and pain in somatic tissues. In both the CNS and in the airways, NK(3) receptors are likely activated by either substance P and/or neurokinin A (NKA), both of which are full agonists at NK(3) receptors, as there is little evidence that airway nerves express neurokinin B (NKB). Evidence for other potential sites of regulation by NK(3) receptors in the airways (e.g. vasculature, airway smooth muscle, epithelium, mucus glands) is either inconclusive or conflicting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Canning
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.
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19
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De Swert KO, Joos GF. Extending the understanding of sensory neuropeptides. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 533:171-81. [PMID: 16464447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The tachykinins substance P and neurokinin A are present in human airways, in sensory nerves and immune cells. Tachykinins can be recovered from the airways after inhalation of ozone, cigarette smoke or allergen. They interact in the airways with tachykinin NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptors to cause bronchoconstriction, plasma protein extravasation, and mucus secretion and to attract and activate immune cells. In preclinical studies they have been implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including allergen- and cigarette smoke induced airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness and mucus secretion. Dual NK1/NK2 or triple NK1/NK2/NK3 tachykinin receptor antagonists offer therapeutic potential in airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelijne O De Swert
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
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20
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Candenas L, Lecci A, Pinto FM, Patak E, Maggi CA, Pennefather JN. Tachykinins and tachykinin receptors: effects in the genitourinary tract. Life Sci 2005; 76:835-62. [PMID: 15589963 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2004] [Accepted: 07/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinins (TKs) are a family of peptides involved in the central and peripheral regulation of urogenital functions through the stimulation of TK NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptors. At the urinary system level, TKs locally stimulate smooth muscle tone, ureteric peristalsis and bladder contractions, initiate neurogenic inflammation and trigger local and spinal reflexes aimed to maintain organ functions in emergency conditions. At the genital level, TKs are involved in smooth muscle contraction, in inflammation and in the modulation of steroid secretion by the testes and ovaries. TKs produce vasodilatation of maternal and fetal placental vascular beds and appear to be involved in reproductive function, stress-induced abortion, and pre-eclampsia. The current data suggest that the genitourinary tract is a primary site of action of the tachykininergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Candenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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21
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Gerspacher M. Selective and combined neurokinin receptor antagonists. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2005; 43:49-103. [PMID: 15850823 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(05)43003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gerspacher
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, Switzerland.
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22
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Ohmori K, Adachi K, Manabe H, Harada D, Ohshima E. [Recent development of new drugs for the treatment of allergic diseases]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2004; 123:335-48. [PMID: 15118258 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.123.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to the prevalence of allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and dermallergosis, efforts at the discovery of novel and effective medications for prevention and treatment of these conditions have been reinforced. Recently, it has been recognized that these allergic diseases are a chronic inflammatory disorder of the lower and upper airways and skin. In this article, we reviewed the recent development of the following new antiallergic therapies: anti-Th2 cytokine antibodies, decoy receptors, receptor antibodies, anti-IgE antibodies, anti-cell adhesion molecules antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, keratinocyte modulators, inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4, tachykinin receptor antagonists, and anti-histaminic drugs. Most of these new agents are aimed to inhibit various components of allergic inflammation. The future use of allergic disease therapies hold great promise and excitement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Suntogun, Shizuoka, Japan.
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El-Hashim AZ, Wyss D, Lewis C. Effect of a novel NK1 receptor selective antagonist (NKP608) on citric acid induced cough and airway obstruction. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2004; 17:11-8. [PMID: 14643166 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2003.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of an orally administered novel and selective NK1 antagonist, NKP608, on cough and airway obstruction, induced by citric acid in guinea pigs, were investigated. Guinea pigs were pre-treated with 0.03, 0.3 and 1 mg kg(-1) of NKP608, the NK2 antagonist, SR48968 or both 2 h prior to challenge with citric acid (0.6 M) for a 10 min period. Guinea pigs pre-treated with 0.03, 0.3 and 1mgkg(-1) of NKP608 exhibited a significant reduction of 77, 74 and 79%, respectively, in the numbers of cough compared to vehicle pre-treated animals (P<0.05). SR48968, 10 mg kg(-1), alone did not significantly affect the citric acid-induced cough but when co-administered with 1 mg kg(-1) of NKP608, there was a significant 90% reduction in cough. NKP608 did not significantly reduce the citric acid-induced increase in Penh at any of the doses used. SR48968 significantly reduced the citric acid induced airway obstruction by about 50%. However, when SR48968 was co-administered with NKP608, there was a greater (73%) decrease in the airway obstruction compared with SR48968 alone. These data show that NKP608, a selective NK1 receptor antagonist, is a potent inhibitor of citric acid induced cough in guinea pigs and may therefore have value in the therapy of clinical cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z El-Hashim
- Department of Applied Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
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Joos GF, De Swert KO, Schelfhout V, Pauwels RA. The role of neural inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 992:218-30. [PMID: 12794061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tachykinins substance P and neurokinin A are found within airway nerves and immune cells. They have various effects on the airways that can contribute to the changes observed in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both tachykinin NK(1) and NK(2) receptors have been involved in the bronchoconstriction and the proinflammatory changes induced by substance P and neurokinin A. Tachykinin NK(1) and NK(2) receptor antagonists have activity in various animal models of allergic asthma and chronic bronchitis. It is suggested that dual NK(1)/NK(2) and triple NK(1)/NK(2)/NK(3) tachykinin receptor antagonists have potential in the treatment of obstructive airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy F Joos
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Corboz MR, Fernandez X, Rizzo CA, Tozzi S, Monahan ME, Hey JA. Increased blocking activity of combined tachykinin NK1- and NK2-receptor antagonists on tachykinergic bronchomotor responses in the guinea-pig. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 23:79-93. [PMID: 14565542 DOI: 10.1046/j.1474-8673.2003.00279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
1. The present study compared the effect of the administration of tachykinin NK1- and NK2-receptor antagonists alone and in combination on exogenous and endogenous tachykinin-induced contractions using three different guinea-pig airway preparations: isolated bronchus, isolated perfused lung and in vivo. 2. In the isolated bronchi, the tachykinin NK1-receptor antagonist CP 99994 (0.01-1 microM) produced concentration-dependent inhibition of contractions induced the tachykinin NK1-receptor agonists substance P (SP) and [Met-OMe11] SP ([Met-OMe11]SP), whereas the tachykinin NK2-receptor antagonist SR 48968 (0.1 microM) had no effect. SR 48968 (0.001-0.01 microM) concentration-dependently inhibited contractions induced by the tachykinin NK2-receptor agonists neurokinin A (NKA) and [beta-Ala8]-neurokinin A (4-10) ([betaAla8]-NKA) whereas CP 99994 (0.1 microM) did not inhibit the contractions. The contractile activity of capsaicin, an agent that releases endogenous tachykinins from sensory C-fibres, was inhibited in a concentration dependent manner by SR 48968 (0.001-0.03 microM) but not by CP 99994 (0.1 microM). Combination of CP 99994 and SR 48968 caused increased inhibitory effects on the concentration-response curves to SP, [Met-OMe1l]SP, NKA, [beta-Ala8]-NKA and capsaicin. 3. In isolated perfused lungs, SR 48968 concentration (0.01-10 microM) dependently inhibited NKA-, [beta-Ala8]-NKA- and capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction whereas CP 99994 (30 microM) had no effect on SP-, NKA-, [beta-Ala8]-NKA- and capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction. Combination of inactive concentrations of CP 99994 and SR 48968 produced an increased inhibitory effect on all previous stimuli-induced bronchoconstriction. 4. In in vivo guinea-pig studies, intravenous and oral pretreatment with SR 48968 (0.01-1 mg kg(-1) i.v. and 0.1-3 mg kg(-1) p.o., respectively), but not with CP 99994 (1 mg kg(-1) i.v. and 0.3-30 mg kg(-1) p.o., respectively), produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the bronchoconstrictor responses induced by NKA, [beta-Ala8]-NKA and capsaicin. CP 99994 intravenously (0.3 mg kg(-1)) and orally (3-10 mg kg(-1)) inhibited SP-induced bronchoconstriction only. Intravenous and oral low dose combinations of CP 99994 and SR 48968 produced an increased inhibition of SP-, NKA-, [beta-Ala8]-NKA- and capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction, respectively. The present data indicate that combined tachykinin NK1- and NK2-receptor antagonist treatment compared with single antagonist treatment, using CP 99994 and SR 48968, produced an augmented blockade of tachykinin NK1-, NK2- and capsaicin-mediated contractions in guinea pig airways. These findings support the hypothesis that a dual NK1- and NK2-receptor antagonist may provide an advantage over single activity tachykinin NK1- or NK2-receptor antagonists in pulmonary obstructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Corboz
- Allergy, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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26
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Chapter 2. Neuropeptide receptor antagonists for CNS disorders. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(03)38003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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27
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Reichard GA, Grice CA, Shih NY, Spitler J, Majmundar S, Wang SD, Paliwal S, Anthes JC, Piwinski JJ. Preparation of oxime dual NK(1)/NK(2) antagonists with reduced NK(3) affinity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2355-8. [PMID: 12161132 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
By employing a stereosimplification approach, a thorough SAR exploration of the piperidine region of Sch 206272 was possible through a practical and efficient synthesis of substituted cyclic ureas. This SAR study led to the identification of a benzimidazolinone series of compounds which display single digit nanomolar NK(1)/NK(2) affinity and near micromolar binding for the NK(3) receptor.
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