1
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Kang Y, Zhang Q, Xu S, Yu Y. The alteration and role of glycoconjugates in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1398641. [PMID: 38946780 PMCID: PMC11212478 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1398641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal protein deposition. With an alarming 30 million people affected worldwide, AD poses a significant public health concern. While inhibiting key enzymes such as β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 and γ-secretase or enhancing amyloid-β clearance, has been considered the reasonable strategy for AD treatment, their efficacy has been compromised by ineffectiveness. Furthermore, our understanding of AD pathogenesis remains incomplete. Normal aging is associated with a decline in glucose uptake in the brain, a process exacerbated in patients with AD, leading to significant impairment of a critical post-translational modification: glycosylation. Glycosylation, a finely regulated mechanism of intracellular secondary protein processing, plays a pivotal role in regulating essential functions such as synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, axon guidance, as well as learning and memory within the central nervous system. Advanced glycomic analysis has unveiled that abnormal glycosylation of key AD-related proteins closely correlates with the onset and progression of the disease. In this context, we aimed to delve into the intricate role and underlying mechanisms of glycosylation in the etiopathology and pathogenesis of AD. By highlighting the potential of targeting glycosylation as a promising and alternative therapeutic avenue for managing AD, we strive to contribute to the advancement of treatment strategies for this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Silu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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2
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Egebäck Arulf S, Ziyue Zhou R, Kirsebom BE, Jejcic A, Fladby T, Winblad B, Tjernberg L, Schedin-Weiss S. Bisecting N-Acetylglucosamine Correlates with Phospho-Tau181 in Subjective Cognitive Decline but not in Control Cases. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:S93-S101. [PMID: 39121127 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Background The N-glycan structure bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bisecting GlcNAc) is present on several N-glycans that are elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and previous studies have shown that bisecting GlcNAc levels correlate with total tau and phospho-tau181 in cerebrospinal fluid at early stages of AD. A recent population-based study showed that bisecting GlcNAc correlates with total tau also in blood and that this correlation could predict conversion to dementia. Objective In this study, we have further investigated how bisecting GlcNAc relates to total tau and phospho-tau 181 in cerebrospinal fluid samples from controls and cases with early cognitive deficits, stratified by amyloid/tau status and gender. Methods Relative levels of bisecting GlcNAc in cerebrospinal fluid were measured by an enzyme-linked lectin assay in individuals with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and controls from the Norwegian Dementia Disease Initiation cohort. Results As in our previous study, the correlation between bisecting GlcNAc and total tau or phospho-tau181 was particularly strong in the subjective cognitive decline group. The correlation was observed in amyloid negative and tau negative as well as amyloid positive and tau positive individuals, both in females and in males. Interestingly, among the amyloid negative and tau negative individuals, the correlation was observed in individuals with subjective cognitive decline but not in the controls. Conclusions Thus, bisecting GlcNAc could be a biomarker for early cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Egebäck Arulf
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Robin Ziyue Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bjørn-Eivind Kirsebom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Troms-, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Troms-, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, L-renskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alenka Jejcic
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, L-renskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars Tjernberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sophia Schedin-Weiss
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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3
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Kalyaanamoorthy S, Opare SK, Xu X, Ganesan A, Rao PPN. Post-Translational Modifications in Tau and Their Roles in Alzheimer's Pathology. Curr Alzheimer Res 2024; 21:24-49. [PMID: 38623984 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050301407240408033046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau (also known as tau) has been shown to accumulate into paired helical filaments and neurofibrillary tangles, which are known hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Decades of research have shown that tau protein undergoes extensive post-translational modifications (PTMs), which can alter the protein's structure, function, and dynamics and impact the various properties such as solubility, aggregation, localization, and homeostasis. There is a vast amount of information describing the impact and role of different PTMs in AD pathology and neuroprotection. However, the complex interplay between these PTMs remains elusive. Therefore, in this review, we aim to comprehend the key post-translational modifications occurring in tau and summarize potential connections to clarify their impact on the physiology and pathophysiology of tau. Further, we describe how different computational modeling methods have helped in understanding the impact of PTMs on the structure and functions of the tau protein. Finally, we highlight the tau PTM-related therapeutics strategies that are explored for the development of AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanley Kojo Opare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aravindhan Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Praveen P N Rao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Liu Y, Han Y, Zhu W, Luo Q, Yuan J, Liu X. Characterization of N-glycome profile in mouse brain tissue regions by MALDI-TOF/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5575-5588. [PMID: 37452841 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common types of post-translational modifications in mammals. It is well known that N-glycans play a key role in cell adhesion, differentiation, synapsis, and myelination during the development of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Neuropathological symptoms (such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease) are usually accompanied by N-glycosylation changes. In this study, we extracted N-glycan chains from eight regions of the mouse brain, and combined high-throughput, high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) with the Fmoc N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (Fmoc-OSU) derivatization method to improve the sensitivity of glycan detection to characterize the total N-glycans in the mouse brain. A total of 96 N-glycan moieties were detected. An exhaustive examination of the relative abundance of N-glycans, coupled with a comparative analysis of differences, has uncovered discernible variations of statistical significance, including high mannose, fucosylated, sialylated, and galactosylated N-glycans. According to our investigations, a thorough and regionally specific cartography of glycans within the brain can facilitate the investigation of glycan-mediated mechanisms related to both the developmental trajectory and functional output of the brain. Additionally, this approach may serve as a basis for identifying potential biomarkers that are relevant to various brain-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yutong Han
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Innovation Institute, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Innovation Institute, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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5
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Mathew AT, Baidya ATK, Das B, Devi B, Kumar R. N-glycosylation induced changes in tau protein dynamics reveal its role in tau misfolding and aggregation: A microsecond long molecular dynamics study. Proteins 2023; 91:147-160. [PMID: 36029032 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Various posttranslational modifications like hyperphosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and acetylation have been attributed to induce the abnormal folding in tau protein. Recent in vitro studies revealed the possible involvement of N-glycosylation of tau protein in the abnormal folding and tau aggregation. Hence, in this study, we performed a microsecond long all atom molecular dynamics simulation to gain insights into the effects of N-glycosylation on Asn-359 residue which forms part of the microtubule binding region. Trajectory analysis of the stimulations coupled with essential dynamics and free energy landscape analysis suggested that tau, in its N-glycosylated form tends to exist in a largely folded conformation having high beta sheet propensity as compared to unmodified tau which exists in a large extended form with very less beta sheet propensity. Residue interaction network analysis of the lowest energy conformations further revealed that Phe378 and Lys353 are the functionally important residues in the peptide which helped in initiating the folding process and Phe378, Lys347, and Lys370 helped to maintain the stability of the protein in the folded state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen T Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag T K Baidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhanuranjan Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bharti Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Peng W, Kobeissy F, Mondello S, Barsa C, Mechref Y. MS-based glycomics: An analytical tool to assess nervous system diseases. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1000179. [PMID: 36408389 PMCID: PMC9671362 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases affect millions of peopleochemistryorldwide and are continuously increasing due to the globe's aging population. Such diseases affect the nervous system and are characterized by a progressive decline in brain function and progressive cognitive impairment, decreasing the quality of life for those with the disease as well as for their families and loved ones. The increased burden of nervous system diseases demands a deeper insight into the biomolecular mechanisms at work during disease development in order to improve clinical diagnosis and drug design. Recently, evidence has related glycosylation to nervous system diseases. Glycosylation is a vital post-translational modification that mediates many biological functions, and aberrant glycosylation has been associated with a variety of diseases. Thus, the investigation of glycosylation in neurological diseases could provide novel biomarkers and information for disease pathology. During the last decades, many techniques have been developed for facilitation of reliable and efficient glycomic analysis. Among these, mass spectrometry (MS) is considered the most powerful tool for glycan analysis due to its high resolution, high sensitivity, and the ability to acquire adequate structural information for glycan identification. Along with MS, a variety of approaches and strategies are employed to enhance the MS-based identification and quantitation of glycans in neurological samples. Here, we review the advanced glycomic tools used in nervous system disease studies, including separation techniques prior to MS, fragmentation techniques in MS, and corresponding strategies. The glycan markers in common clinical nervous system diseases discovered by utilizing such MS-based glycomic tools are also summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Chloe Barsa
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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7
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Tena J, Maezawa I, Barboza M, Wong M, Zhu C, Alvarez MR, Jin LW, Zivkovic AM, Lebrilla CB. Regio-Specific N-Glycome and N-Glycoproteome Map of the Elderly Human Brain With and Without Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100427. [PMID: 36252735 PMCID: PMC9674923 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteins in the cell membrane of the brain are modified by glycans in highly interactive regions. The glycans and glycoproteins are involved in cell-cell interactions that are of fundamental importance to the brain. In this study, the comprehensive N-glycome and N-glycoproteome of the brain were determined in 11 functional brain regions, some of them known to be affected with the progression of Alzheimer's disease. N-glycans throughout the regions were generally highly branched and highly sialofucosylated. Regional variations were also found with regard to the glycan types including high mannose and complex-type structures. Glycoproteomic analysis identified the proteins that differed in glycosylation in the various regions. To obtain the broader representation of glycan compositions, four subjects with two in their 70s and two in their 90s representing two Alzheimer's disease subjects, one hippocampal sclerosis subject, and one subject with no cognitive impairment were analyzed. The four subjects were all glycomically mapped across 11 brain regions. Marked differences in the glycomic and glycoproteomic profiles were observed between the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennyfer Tena
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Izumi Maezawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA,UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mariana Barboza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA,UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Angela M. Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA,For correspondence: Carlito B. Lebrilla
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8
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Reich N, Hölscher C. The neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: An in-depth review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:970925. [PMID: 36117625 PMCID: PMC9475012 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.970925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatment available for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (AD and PD) and that includes the highly controversial approval of the Aβ-targeting antibody aducanumab for the treatment of AD. Hence, there is still an unmet need for a neuroprotective drug treatment in both AD and PD. Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for both AD and PD. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone and growth factor that has shown neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies, and the success of GLP-1 mimetics in phase II clinical trials in AD and PD has raised new hope. GLP-1 mimetics are currently on the market as treatments for type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 analogs are safe, well tolerated, resistant to desensitization and well characterized in the clinic. Herein, we review the existing evidence and illustrate the neuroprotective pathways that are induced following GLP-1R activation in neurons, microglia and astrocytes. The latter include synaptic protection, improvements in cognition, learning and motor function, amyloid pathology-ameliorating properties (Aβ, Tau, and α-synuclein), the suppression of Ca2+ deregulation and ER stress, potent anti-inflammatory effects, the blockage of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis pathways, enhancements in the neuronal insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism, functional improvements in autophagy and mitophagy, elevated BDNF and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) synthesis as well as neurogenesis. The many beneficial features of GLP-1R and GLP-1/GIPR dual agonists encourage the development of novel drug treatments for AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reich
- Biomedical and Life Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Neurology Department, Second Associated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhengzhou, China
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9
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Azevedo R, Jacquemin C, Villain N, Fenaille F, Lamari F, Becher F. Mass Spectrometry for Neurobiomarker Discovery: The Relevance of Post-Translational Modifications. Cells 2022; 11:1279. [PMID: 35455959 PMCID: PMC9031030 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable, heterogeneous, and age-dependent disorders that challenge modern medicine. A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis underlying neurodegenerative diseases is necessary to solve the unmet need for new diagnostic biomarkers and disease-modifying therapy and reduce these diseases' burden. Specifically, post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a significant role in neurodegeneration. Due to its proximity to the brain parenchyma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has long been used as an indirect way to measure changes in the brain. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis in neurodegenerative diseases focusing on PTMs and in the context of biomarker discovery has improved and opened venues for analyzing more complex matrices such as brain tissue and blood. Notably, phosphorylated tau protein, truncated α-synuclein, APP and TDP-43, and many other modifications were extensively characterized by MS. Great potential is underlying specific pathological PTM-signatures for clinical application. This review focuses on PTM-modified proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases and highlights the most important and recent breakthroughs in MS-based biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azevedo
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.J.); (N.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Chloé Jacquemin
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.J.); (N.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Nicolas Villain
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.J.); (N.V.); (F.F.)
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, CEDEX 13, 75651 Paris, France
| | - François Fenaille
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.J.); (N.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Foudil Lamari
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AP-HP Sorbonne), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, CEDEX 13, 75651 Paris, France;
| | - François Becher
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.J.); (N.V.); (F.F.)
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10
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Klarić TS, Lauc G. The dynamic brain N-glycome. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:443-471. [PMID: 35334027 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The attachment of carbohydrates to other macromolecules, such as proteins or lipids, is an important regulatory mechanism termed glycosylation. One subtype of protein glycosylation is asparagine-linked glycosylation (N-glycosylation) which plays a key role in the development and normal functioning of the vertebrate brain. To better understand the role of N-glycans in neurobiology, it's imperative we analyse not only the functional roles of individual structures, but also the collective impact of large-scale changes in the brain N-glycome. The systematic study of the brain N-glycome is still in its infancy and data are relatively scarce. Nevertheless, the prevailing view has been that the neuroglycome is inherently restricted with limited capacity for variation. The development of improved methods for N-glycomics analysis of brain tissue has facilitated comprehensive characterisation of the complete brain N-glycome under various experimental conditions on a larger scale. Consequently, accumulating data suggest that it's more dynamic than previously recognised and that, within a general framework, it has a given capacity to change in response to both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Here, we provide an overview of the many factors that can alter the brain N-glycome, including neurodevelopment, ageing, diet, stress, neuroinflammation, injury, and disease. Given this emerging evidence, we propose that the neuroglycome has a hitherto underappreciated plasticity and we discuss the therapeutic implications of this regarding the possible reversal of pathological changes via interventions. We also briefly review the merits and limitations of N-glycomics as an analytical method before reflecting on some of the outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Ye H, Han Y, Li P, Su Z, Huang Y. The Role of Post-Translational Modifications on the Structure and Function of Tau Protein. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1557-1571. [PMID: 35325356 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Involving addition of chemical groups or protein units to specific residues of the target protein, post-translational modifications (PTMs) alter the charge, hydrophobicity, and conformation of a protein, which in tune influences protein function, protein - protein interaction, and protein aggregation. While the occurrence of PTMs is dynamic and subject to regulations, conformational disorder of the target protein facilitates PTMs. The microtubule-associated protein tau is a typical intrinsically disordered protein that undergoes a variety of PTMs including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, methylation, and oxidation. Accumulated evidence shows that these PTMs play a critical role in regulating tau-microtubule interaction, tau localization, tau degradation and aggregation, and reinforces the correlation between tau PTMs and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease. Here, we review tau PTMs with an emphasis on their influence on tau structure. With available biophysical characterization results, we describe how PTMs induce conformational changes in tau monomer and regulate tau aggregation. Compared to functional analysis of tau PTMs, biophysical characterization of tau PTMs is lagging. While it is challenging, characterizing the specific effects of PTMs on tau conformation and interaction is indispensable to unravel the tau PTM code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.,Department of Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Yue Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.,Department of Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.,Department of Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Zhengding Su
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.,Department of Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Yongqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.
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12
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Feng Y, Jiang H, Li G, He G, Li X. Decreased Expression of Protein O-linked Mannose β 1,2-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 Contributes to Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathologies. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:1067-1074. [PMID: 35320023 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00362.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and tau hyperphosphorylation, respectively. Mannosylation, a particular type of post-translational modification, may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Protein O-linked mannose β 1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGnT1) catalyzes the formation of the N-acetylglucosamine β-1,2-Man linkage of O-mannosylglycan, which can increase the protein post-translational mannosylation level. The defective POMGnT1 gene leads to the hypomannosylation of proteins, which may cause cognitive decline in aged people. This study aimed to investigate whether POMGnT1 participated in the pathogenesis of AD and explore its underlying role using AD mouse and cell models. In this study, the expression of POMGnT1 was measured in AD models [β-amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) transgenic mice, an AD mouse model; N2a cells stably transfected with Swedish mutant APP (N2a/APP), an AD cell model]. The results revealed that the expression of POMGnT1 decreased in AD mouse and cell models. Additionally, POMGnT1-overexpressing N2a/APP cells were built by retroviral transfection. POMGnT1 overexpression may lower Aβ levels by reducing APP production and downregulating β-and γ-secretase activities. It also promoted clearance of Aβ by upregulating insulin-degrading enzymes and ameliorated tau hyperphosphorylation. Hence, it was concluded that POMGnT1 was involved in the pathogenic process of AD. The decreased expression of POMGnT1 contributes to AD-like pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanxiao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gongbo Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiqiong He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Gaunitz S, Tjernberg LO, Schedin-Weiss S. What Can N-glycomics and N-glycoproteomics of Cerebrospinal Fluid Tell Us about Alzheimer Disease? Biomolecules 2021; 11:858. [PMID: 34207636 PMCID: PMC8226827 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics-large-scale studies of proteins-has over the last decade gained an enormous interest for studies aimed at revealing proteins and pathways involved in disease. To fully understand biological and pathological processes it is crucial to also include post-translational modifications in the "omics". To this end, glycomics (identification and quantification of glycans enzymatically or chemically released from proteins) and glycoproteomics (identification and quantification of peptides/proteins with the glycans still attached) is gaining interest. The study of protein glycosylation requires a workflow that involves an array of sample preparation and analysis steps that needs to be carefully considered. Herein, we briefly touch upon important steps such as sample preparation and preconcentration, glycan release, glycan derivatization and quantification and advances in mass spectrometry that today are the work-horse for glycomics and glycoproteomics studies. Several proteins related to Alzheimer disease pathogenesis have altered protein glycosylation, and recent glycomics studies have shown differences in cerebrospinal fluid as well as in brain tissue in Alzheimer disease as compared to controls. In this review, we discuss these techniques and how they have been used to shed light on Alzheimer disease and to find glycan biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gaunitz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Lars O. Tjernberg
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Sophia Schedin-Weiss
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden;
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14
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Losev Y, Frenkel-Pinter M, Abu-Hussien M, Viswanathan GK, Elyashiv-Revivo D, Geries R, Khalaila I, Gazit E, Segal D. Differential effects of putative N-glycosylation sites in human Tau on Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2231-2245. [PMID: 32926180 PMCID: PMC11072875 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid assemblies of Tau are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD Tau undergoes several abnormal post-translational modifications, including hyperphosphorylation and glycosylation, which impact disease progression. N-glycosylated Tau was reported to be found in AD brain tissues but not in healthy counterparts. This is surprising since Tau is a cytosolic protein whereas N-glycosylation occurs in the ER-Golgi. Previous in vitro studies indicated that N-glycosylation of Tau facilitated its phosphorylation and contributed to maintenance of its Paired Helical Filament structure. However, the specific Tau residue(s) that undergo N-glycosylation and their effect on Tau-engendered pathology are unknown. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis indicated that both N359 and N410 were N-glycosylated in wild-type (WT) human Tau (hTau) expressed in human SH-SY5Y cells. Asparagine to glutamine mutants, which cannot undergo N-glycosylation, at each of three putative N-glycosylation sites in hTau (N167Q, N359Q, and N410Q) were generated and expressed in SH-SY5Y cells and in transgenic Drosophila. The mutants modulated the levels of hTau phosphorylation in a site-dependent manner in both cell and fly models. Additionally, N359Q ameliorated, whereas N410Q exacerbated various aspects of hTau-engendered neurodegeneration in transgenic flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Losev
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moran Frenkel-Pinter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Malak Abu-Hussien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guru Krishnakumar Viswanathan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Donna Elyashiv-Revivo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rana Geries
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isam Khalaila
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Segal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol Interdisciplinary School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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15
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Xu MM, Zhou MT, Li SW, Zhen XC, Yang S. Glycoproteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases: A glycoproteomic approach. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1308-1324. [PMID: 33634546 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are incurable and can develop progressively debilitating disorders, including dementia and ataxias. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the most common NDs that mainly affect the elderly people. There is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic tools so that patients can be accurately stratified at an early stage. As a common post-translational modification, protein glycosylation plays a key role in physiological and pathological processes. The abnormal changes in glycosylation are associated with the altered biological pathways in NDs. The pathogenesis-related proteins, like amyloid-β and microtubule-associated protein tau, have altered glycosylation. Importantly, specific glycosylation changes in cerebrospinal fluid, blood and urine are valuable for revealing neurodegeneration in the early stages. This review describes the emerging biomarkers based on glycoproteomics in NDs, highlighting the potential applications of glycoprotein biomarkers in the early detection of diseases, monitoring of the disease progression, and measurement of the therapeutic responses. The mass spectrometry-based strategies for characterizing glycoprotein biomarkers are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Xu
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Shu-Wei Li
- Nanjing Apollomics Biotech, Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Chu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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16
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Haukedal H, Freude KK. Implications of Glycosylation in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:625348. [PMID: 33519371 PMCID: PMC7838500 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.625348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, affecting millions of people worldwide, and no cure is currently available. The major pathological hallmarks of AD are considered to be amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, generated by respectively APP processing and Tau phosphorylation. Recent evidence imply that glycosylation of these proteins, and a number of other AD-related molecules is altered in AD, suggesting a potential implication of this process in disease pathology. In this review we summarize the understanding of glycans in AD pathogenesis, and discuss how glycobiology can contribute to early diagnosis and treatment of AD, serving as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we look into the potential link between the emerging topic neuroinflammation and glycosylation, combining two interesting, and until recent years, understudied topics in the scope of AD. Lastly, we discuss how new model platforms such as induced pluripotent stem cells can be exploited and contribute to a better understanding of a rather unexplored area in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristine K. Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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17
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Alquezar C, Arya S, Kao AW. Tau Post-translational Modifications: Dynamic Transformers of Tau Function, Degradation, and Aggregation. Front Neurol 2021; 11:595532. [PMID: 33488497 PMCID: PMC7817643 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.595532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on tau have long been recognized as affecting protein function and contributing to neurodegeneration. The explosion of information on potential and observed PTMs on tau provides an opportunity to better understand these modifications in the context of tau homeostasis, which becomes perturbed with aging and disease. Prevailing views regard tau as a protein that undergoes abnormal phosphorylation prior to its accumulation into the toxic aggregates implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. However, the phosphorylation of tau may, in fact, represent part of the normal but interrupted function and catabolism of the protein. In addition to phosphorylation, tau undergoes another forms of post-translational modification including (but not limited to), acetylation, ubiquitination, glycation, glycosylation, SUMOylation, methylation, oxidation, and nitration. A holistic appreciation of how these PTMs regulate tau during health and are potentially hijacked in disease remains elusive. Recent studies have reinforced the idea that PTMs play a critical role in tau localization, protein-protein interactions, maintenance of levels, and modifying aggregate structure. These studies also provide tantalizing clues into the possibility that neurons actively choose how tau is post-translationally modified, in potentially competitive and combinatorial ways, to achieve broad, cellular programs commensurate with the distinctive environmental conditions found during development, aging, stress, and disease. Here, we review tau PTMs and describe what is currently known about their functional impacts. In addition, we classify these PTMs from the perspectives of protein localization, electrostatics, and stability, which all contribute to normal tau function and homeostasis. Finally, we assess the potential impact of tau PTMs on tau solubility and aggregation. Tau occupies an undoubtedly important position in the biology of neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide an integrated perspective of how post-translational modifications actively, purposefully, and dynamically remodel tau function, clearance, and aggregation. In doing so, we hope to enable a more comprehensive understanding of tau PTMs that will positively impact future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aimee W. Kao
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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18
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LI LY, WANG XY. Progress in Analysis of Tau Protein. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Ramesh M, Gopinath P, Govindaraju T. Role of Post-translational Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1052-1079. [PMID: 31863723 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is growing. Valiant efforts to develop clinical candidates for treatment have continuously met with failure. Currently available palliative treatments are temporary and there is a constant need to search for reliable disease pathways, biomarkers and drug targets for developing diagnostic and therapeutic tools to address the unmet medical needs of AD. Challenges in drug-discovery efforts raise further questions about the strategies of current conventional diagnosis; drug design; and understanding of disease pathways, biomarkers and targets. In this context, post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein trafficking, function and degradation, and their in-depth study plays a significant role in the identification of novel biomarkers and drug targets. Aberrant PTMs of disease-relevant proteins could trigger pathological pathways, leading to disease progression. Advancements in proteomics enable the generation of patterns or signatures of such modifications, and thus, provide a versatile platform to develop biomarkers based on PTMs. In addition, understanding and targeting the aberrant PTMs of various proteins provide viable avenues for addressing AD drug-discovery challenges. This review highlights numerous PTMs of proteins relevant to AD and provides an overview of their adverse effects on the protein structure, function and aggregation propensity that contribute to the disease pathology. A critical discussion offers suggestions of methods to develop PTM signatures and interfere with aberrant PTMs to develop viable diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Ramesh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, SRM-Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
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20
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Mouchlis VD, Melagraki G, Zacharia LC, Afantitis A. Computer-Aided Drug Design of β-Secretase, γ-Secretase and Anti-Tau Inhibitors for the Discovery of Novel Alzheimer's Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E703. [PMID: 31973122 PMCID: PMC7038192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by progressive neuronal death and synapses loss in human brain, are rapidly growing affecting millions of people globally. Alzheimer's is the most common neurodegenerative disease and it can be caused by genetic and environmental risk factors. This review describes the amyloid-β and Tau hypotheses leading to amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively which are the predominant pathways for the development of anti-Alzheimer's small molecule inhibitors. The function and structure of the druggable targets of these two pathways including β-secretase, γ-secretase, and Tau are discussed in this review article. Computer-Aided Drug Design including computational structure-based design and ligand-based design have been employed successfully to develop inhibitors for biomolecular targets involved in Alzheimer's. The application of computational molecular modeling for the discovery of small molecule inhibitors and modulators for β-secretase and γ-secretase is summarized. Examples of computational approaches employed for the development of anti-amyloid aggregation and anti-Tau phosphorylation, proteolysis and aggregation inhibitors are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia Melagraki
- Division of Physical Sciences & Applications, Hellenic Military Academy, Vari 16672, Greece;
| | - Lefteris C. Zacharia
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus;
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- Department of ChemoInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1046, Cyprus
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21
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Schedin-Weiss S, Gaunitz S, Sui P, Chen Q, Haslam SM, Blennow K, Winblad B, Dell A, Tjernberg LO. Glycan biomarkers for Alzheimer disease correlate with T-tau and P-tau in cerebrospinal fluid in subjective cognitive impairment. FEBS J 2020; 287:3221-3234. [PMID: 31889402 PMCID: PMC7496940 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a devastating disease and a global health problem, and current treatments are only symptomatic. A wealth of clinical studies support that the disease starts to develop decades before the first symptoms appear, emphasizing the importance of studying early changes for improving early diagnosis and guiding toward novel treatment strategies. Protein glycosylation is altered in AD but it remains to be clarified why these alterations occur and how they affect the disease development. Here, we used a glycomics approach to search for alterations in protein glycosylation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in AD compared with nondemented controls. Using both matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight and liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry, we observed an increase in N-glycans carrying bisecting N-acetylglucosamine in AD. Based on those findings, we designed an enzyme-linked multiwell plate assay to quantify N-glycans binding to the lectin Phaseolus vulgaris Erythroagglutinin (PHA-E), which is specific for N-glycans containing bisecting N-acetylglucosamine. Using this assay, we found a similar increase in CSF in AD compared with controls. Further analysis of CSF from 242 patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or AD dementia revealed significantly increased binding to PHA-E in MCI and AD compared to SCI. Interestingly, PHA-E binding correlated with CSF levels of phosphorylated tau and total tau and this correlation was most prominent in the SCI group (R = 0.53-0.54). This study supports a link between N-glycosylation, neurodegeneration, and tau pathology in AD and suggests that glycan biomarkers have potential to identify SCI cases at risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Schedin-Weiss
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Stefan Gaunitz
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ping Sui
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Qiushi Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Lars O Tjernberg
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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22
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Wang W, Gopal S, Pocock R, Xiao Z. Glycan Mimetics from Natural Products: New Therapeutic Opportunities for Neurodegenerative Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244604. [PMID: 31888221 PMCID: PMC6943557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions of people worldwide. Characterized by the functional loss and death of neurons, NDs lead to symptoms (dementia and seizures) that affect the daily lives of patients. In spite of extensive research into NDs, the number of approved drugs for their treatment remains limited. There is therefore an urgent need to develop new approaches for the prevention and treatment of NDs. Glycans (carbohydrate chains) are ubiquitous, abundant, and structural complex natural biopolymers. Glycans often covalently attach to proteins and lipids to regulate cellular recognition, adhesion, and signaling. The importance of glycans in both the developing and mature nervous system is well characterized. Moreover, glycan dysregulation has been observed in NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Therefore, glycans are promising but underexploited therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of glycans in NDs. We also discuss a number of natural products that functionally mimic glycans to protect neurons, which therefore represent promising new therapeutic approaches for patients with NDs.
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23
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Regan P, McClean PL, Smyth T, Doherty M. Early Stage Glycosylation Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6030092. [PMID: 31484367 PMCID: PMC6789538 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of great cause for concern in our ageing population, which currently lacks diagnostic tools to permit accurate and timely diagnosis for affected individuals. The development of such tools could enable therapeutic interventions earlier in the disease course and thus potentially reducing the debilitating effects of AD. Glycosylation is a common, and important, post translational modification of proteins implicated in a host of disease states resulting in a complex array of glycans being incorporated into biomolecules. Recent investigations of glycan profiles, in a wide range of conditions, has been made possible due to technological advances in the field enabling accurate glycoanalyses. Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, tau protein, and other important proteins involved in AD pathogenesis, have altered glycosylation profiles. Crucially, these abnormalities present early in the disease state, are present in the peripheral blood, and help to distinguish AD from other dementias. This review describes the aberrant glycome in AD, focusing on proteins implicated in development and progression, and elucidates the potential of glycome aberrations as early stage biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Regan
- Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland.
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland.
| | - Paula L McClean
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Clinical Translational Research and Innovation Centre, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Glenshane Road, Derry BT47 6SB, UK
| | - Thomas Smyth
- Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Margaret Doherty
- Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
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24
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Losev Y, Paul A, Frenkel-Pinter M, Abu-Hussein M, Khalaila I, Gazit E, Segal D. Novel model of secreted human tau protein reveals the impact of the abnormal N-glycosylation of tau on its aggregation propensity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2254. [PMID: 30783169 PMCID: PMC6381127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and has no disease-modifying treatment yet. The hallmarks of AD are two amyloidogenic proteins: tau and amyloid β (Aβ). Tau undergoes several posttranslational modifications, including N-glycosylation. Tau was reported to be N-glycosylated in AD brains, but not in healthy counterparts, which may affect AD etiology. Here, we aimed to examine the effect of N-glycosylation on aggregation propensity of tau. To that end, a novel SH-SY5Y cell-based model was generated in which recombinant human tau (htau) is forced to be secreted from the cells. Secreted htau was found to localize in the secretory pathway compartments and to undergo N-glycosylation. Following N-glycan cleavage of the secreted htau, various biophysical results collectively indicated that the untreated N-glycosylated secreted htau is markedly less aggregative, contains thinner and shorter fibrils, as compared to treated de-glycosylated secreted htau. This finding shows that N-glycans attached to htau may affect its aggregation. This could help to better understand the effect of N-glycosylated htau on AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Losev
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Ashim Paul
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Moran Frenkel-Pinter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Malak Abu-Hussein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Isam Khalaila
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Daniel Segal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel. .,Sagol Interdisciplinary School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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Almansoub HA, Tang H, Wu Y, Wang DQ, Mahaman YAR, Wei N, Almansob YAM, He W, Liu D. Tau Abnormalities and the Potential Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:13-33. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan A.M.M. Almansoub
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science – Marib, Sana’a University, Marib, Yemen
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Qi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yusra A. M. Almansob
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Orthopedics’, Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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26
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Understanding cellular glycan surfaces in the central nervous system. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 47:89-100. [PMID: 30559272 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation, the enzymatic process by which glycans are attached to proteins and lipids, is the most abundant and functionally important type of post-translational modification associated with brain development, neurodegenerative disorders, psychopathologies and brain cancers. Glycan structures are diverse and complex; however, they have been detected and targeted in the central nervous system (CNS) by various immunohistochemical detection methods using glycan-binding proteins such as anti-glycan antibodies or lectins and/or characterized with analytical techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry. The glycan structures on glycoproteins and glycolipids expressed in neural stem cells play key roles in neural development, biological processes and CNS maintenance, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction, molecular trafficking and differentiation. This brief review will highlight some of the important findings on differential glycan expression across stages of CNS cell differentiation and in pathological disorders and diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia and brain cancer.
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Sharma S, Young RJ, Chen J, Chen X, Oh EC, Schiller MR. Minimotifs dysfunction is pervasive in neurodegenerative disorders. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2018; 4:414-432. [PMID: 30225339 PMCID: PMC6139474 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Minimotifs are modular contiguous peptide sequences in proteins that are important for posttranslational modifications, binding to other molecules, and trafficking to specific subcellular compartments. Some molecular functions of proteins in cellular pathways can be predicted from minimotif consensus sequences identified through experimentation. While a role for minimotifs in regulating signal transduction and gene regulation during disease pathogenesis (such as infectious diseases and cancer) is established, the therapeutic use of minimotif mimetic drugs is limited. In this review, we discuss a general theme identifying a pervasive role of minimotifs in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. Beyond their longstanding history in the genetics of familial neurodegeneration, minimotifs are also major players in neurotoxic protein aggregation, aberrant protein trafficking, and epigenetic regulation. Generalizing the importance of minimotifs in neurodegenerative diseases offers a new perspective for the future study of neurodegenerative mechanisms and the investigation of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Sharma
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Richard J. Young
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Department of Psychology, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Edwin C. Oh
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Martin R. Schiller
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Wang Y, Chen S, Xu Z, Chen S, Yao W, Gao X. GLP-1 receptor agonists downregulate aberrant GnT-III expression in Alzheimer's disease models through the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling. Neuropharmacology 2018; 131:190-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Kizuka Y, Kitazume S, Taniguchi N. N -glycan and Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2447-2454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang J, Cheng X, Zeng J, Yuan J, Wang Z, Zhou W, Zhang Y. LW-AFC Effects on N-glycan Profile in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 Strain, a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2017; 8:101-114. [PMID: 28203484 PMCID: PMC5287383 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common eukaryotic post-translational modifications, and aberrant glycosylation has been linked to many diseases. However, glycosylation and glycome analysis is a significantly challenging task. Although several lines of evidence have indicated that protein glycosylation is defective in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), only a few studies have focused on AD glycomics. The etiology of AD is unclear and there are no effective disease-modifying treatments for AD. In this study, we found that the object recognition memory, passive avoidance, and spatial learning and memory of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain, an AD animal model, were deficient, and LW-AFC, which was prepared from the traditional Chinese medicine prescription Liuwei Dihuang decoction, showed beneficial effects on the deterioration of cognitive capability in SAMP8 mice. Forty-three and 56 N-glycan were identified in the cerebral cortex and serum of SAMP8 mice, respectively. The N-glycan profile in SAMP8 mice was significantly different from that of senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) strains, the control of SAMP8 mice. Treatment with LW-AFC modulated the abundance of 21 and 6 N-glycan in the cerebral cortex and serum of SAMP8 mice, respectively. The abundance of (Hex)3(HexNAc)5(Fuc)1(Neu5Ac)1 and (Hex)2(HexNAc)4 decreased in the cerebral cortex and serum of SAMP8 mice compared with SAMR1 mice, decreases that were significantly correlated with learning and memory measures. The administration of LW-AFC could reverse or increase these levels in SAMP8 mice. These results indicated that the effects of LW-AFC on cognitive impairments in SAMP8 mice might be through modulation of N-glycan patterns, and LW-AFC may be a potential anti-AD agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wang
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaorui Cheng
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ju Zeng
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiangbei Yuan
- 3Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Life Sciences College, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- 3Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Life Sciences College, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
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31
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Abou-Abbass H, Abou-El-Hassan H, Bahmad H, Zibara K, Zebian A, Youssef R, Ismail J, Zhu R, Zhou S, Dong X, Nasser M, Bahmad M, Darwish H, Mechref Y, Kobeissy F. Glycosylation and other PTMs alterations in neurodegenerative diseases: Current status and future role in neurotrauma. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1549-61. [PMID: 26957254 PMCID: PMC4962686 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) present a chief public health threat affecting nations worldwide. As numbers of patients afflicted by TBI are expected to rise, the necessity to increase our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism(s) as a result of TBI mounts. TBI is known to augment the risk of developing a number of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Hence, it is rational to assume that a common mechanistic ground links the pathophysiology of NDs to that of TBIs. Through this review, we aim to identify the protein-protein interactions, differential proteins expression, and PTMs, mainly glycosylation, that are involved in the pathogenesis of both ND and TBI. OVID and PubMed have been rigorously searched to identify studies that utilized advanced proteomic platforms (MS based) and systems biology tools to unfold the mechanism(s) behind ND in an attempt to unveil the mysterious biological processes that occur postinjury. Various PTMs have been found to be common between TBI and AD, whereas no similarities have been found between TBI and PD. Phosphorylated tau protein, glycosylated amyloid precursor protein, and many other modifications appear to be common in both TBI and AD. PTMs, differential protein profiles, and altered biological pathways appear to have critical roles in ND processes by interfering with their pathological condition in a manner similar to TBI. Advancement in glycoproteomic studies pertaining to ND and TBI is urgently needed in order to develop better diagnostic tools, therapies, and more favorable prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Abou-Abbass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Hisham Bahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- ER045 - Laboratory of Stem Cells, DSST, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abir Zebian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabab Youssef
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joy Ismail
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mayse Nasser
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Bahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Darwish
- Faculty of Medicine-School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Miura Y, Endo T. Glycomics and glycoproteomics focused on aging and age-related diseases--Glycans as a potential biomarker for physiological alterations. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1608-14. [PMID: 26801879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since glycosylation depends on glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, and sugar nucleotide donors, it is susceptible to the changes associated with physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, alterations in glycan structures may be good targets and biomarkers for monitoring health conditions. Since human aging and longevity are affected by genetic and environmental factors such as diseases, lifestyle, and social factors, a scale that reflects various environmental factors is required in the study of human aging and longevity. SCOPE OF REVIEW We herein focus on glycosylation changes elucidated by glycomic and glycoproteomic studies on aging, longevity, and age-related diseases including cognitive impairment, diabetes mellitus, and frailty. We also consider the potential of glycan structures as biomarkers and/or targets for monitoring physiological and pathophysiological changes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Glycan structures are altered in age-related diseases. These glycans and glycoproteins may be involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases and, thus, be useful diagnostic markers. Age-dependent changes in N-glycans have been reported previously in cohort studies, and characteristic N-glycans in extreme longevity have been proposed. These findings may lead to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying aging as well as the factors influencing longevity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Alterations in glycosylation may be good targets and biomarkers for monitoring health conditions, and be applicable to studies on age-related diseases and healthy aging. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tamao Endo
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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Schedin-Weiss S, Winblad B, Tjernberg LO. The role of protein glycosylation in Alzheimer disease. FEBS J 2013; 281:46-62. [PMID: 24279329 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common, and the most complex, forms of post-translational modification of proteins. This review serves to highlight the role of protein glycosylation in Alzheimer disease (AD), a topic that has not been thoroughly investigated, although glycosylation defects have been observed in AD patients. The major pathological hallmarks in AD are neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. Neurofibrillary tangles are composed of phosphorylated tau, and the plaques are composed of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), which is generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP). Defects in glycosylation of APP, tau and other proteins have been reported in AD. Another interesting observation is that the two proteases required for the generation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), i.e. γ-secretase and β-secretase, also have roles in protein glycosylation. For instance, γ-secretase and β-secretase affect the extent of complex N-glycosylation and sialylation of APP, respectively. These processes may be important in AD pathogenesis, as proper intracellular sorting, processing and export of APP are affected by how it is glycosylated. Furthermore, lack of one of the key components of γ-secretase, presenilin, leads to defective glycosylation of many additional proteins that are related to AD pathogenesis and/or neuronal function, including nicastrin, reelin, butyrylcholinesterase, cholinesterase, neural cell adhesion molecule, v-ATPase, and tyrosine-related kinase B. Improved understanding of the effects of AD on protein glycosylation, and vice versa, may therefore be important for improving the diagnosis and treatment of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Schedin-Weiss
- Karolinska Institutet Alzheimer Disease Research Center (KI-ADRC), Novum, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nagy T, Frank D, Kátai E, Yahiro RKK, Poór VS, Montskó G, Zrínyi Z, Kovács GL, Miseta A. Lithium induces ER stress and N-glycan modification in galactose-grown Jurkat cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70410. [PMID: 23894652 PMCID: PMC3718757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that lithium had a significant impact on Ca(2+) regulation and induced unfolded protein response (UPR) in yeast cells grown on galactose due to inhibition of phosphoglucomutase (PGM), however the exact mechanism has not been established yet. In this study, we analysed lithium's effect in galactose-fed cells to clarify whether these ER-related changes are the result of a relative hypoglycemic state. Furthermore, we investigated whether the alterations in galactose metabolism impact protein post-translational modifications. Thus, Jurkat cells were incubated in glucose or galactose containing media with or without lithium treatment. We found that galactose-fed and lithium treated cells showed better survivability than fasting cells. We also found higher UDP-Hexose and glycogen levels in these cells compared to fasting cells. On the other hand, the UPR (X-box binding protein 1 mRNA levels) of galactose-fed and lithium treated cells was even greater than in fasting cells. We also found increased amount of proteins that contained N-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine, similar to what was reported in fasting cells by a recent study. Our results demonstrate that lithium treatment of galactose-fed cells can induce stress responses similar to hypoglycemia, however cell survival is still secured by alternative pathways. We propose that clarifying this process might be an important addition toward the better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate ER-associated stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Frank
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Kátai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Viktor S. Poór
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Montskó
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zita Zrínyi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor L. Kovács
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Kobata A. Glycobiology in the field of gerontology (glycogerontology). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 705:411-29. [PMID: 21618121 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kobata
- The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan.
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Chen CC, Engelborghs S, Dewaele S, Le Bastard N, Martin JJ, Vanhooren V, Libert C, De Deyn PP. Altered serum glycomics in Alzheimer disease: a potential blood biomarker? Rejuvenation Res 2010; 13:439-44. [PMID: 20426627 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2009.0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether blood N-glycan changes can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD). We used DNA sequencer-assisted, fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (DSA-FACE) technology to assay N-glycans in sera from 79 autopsy-confirmed dementia patients and 149 healthy controls. One N-glycan (NA2F) was substantially decreased in AD patients but not in controls. Use of NA2F for discriminating AD between dementia patients and healthy controls showed a diagnostic accuracy of 85.7% +/- 2.8% with 92% specificity and 70% sensitivity. The decrease in the level of NA2F in AD patients compared to non-AD patients was more pronounced in females (p < 0.0001) than in males (p < 0.014). Use of NA2F to differentiate female AD from female non-AD patients reached a diagnostic accuracy of 90.7% +/- 4.8 %. Pearson correlation analysis showed that in female dementia patients, serum NA2F levels were significantly correlated with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) beta-amyloid peptide of 42 amino acids (Abeta(1-42)) and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau(181P)) levels, whereas in male dementia patients serum NA2F levels were significantly correlated only with CSF total tau protein (T-tau) level. Thus, we suggest that the serum N-glycan marker might be suitable for longitudinal and follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Chitty Chen
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
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37
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Miura Y, Sakurai Y, Hayakawa M, Shimada Y, Zempel H, Sato Y, Hisanaga SI, Endo T. Translocation of Lysosomal Cathepsin D Caused by Oxidative Stress or Proteasome Inhibition in Primary Cultured Neurons and Astrocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:22-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Functional Genomics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Yoko Sakurai
- Research Team for Functional Genomics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Masato Hayakawa
- Research Team for Functional Genomics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Yukiko Shimada
- Research Team for Functional Genomics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
- Research Team for Functional Genomics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Hans Zempel
- Research Team for Functional Genomics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Yuji Sato
- Research Team for Functional Genomics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | | | - Tamao Endo
- Research Team for Functional Genomics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
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Meraz-Ríos MA, Lira-De León KI, Campos-Peña V, De Anda-Hernández MA, Mena-López R. Tau oligomers and aggregation in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2009; 112:1353-67. [PMID: 19943854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We are analyzing the physiological function of Tau protein and its abnormal pathological behavior when this protein is self-assemble into pathological filaments. These aggregates of Tau protein are the main components in many diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies suggest that Tau acquires complex oligomeric conformations which may be toxic. In this review, we emphasized the possible phenomena implicated in the formation of these oligomers. Studies with chemical inductors indicates that the microtubule-binding domain is the most important region involved in Tau aggregation and showed the requirement of a pre-arrange Tau in abnormal conformation to promote self-assembly. Transgenic animal models and AD neuropathology studies showed that post-translational modifications are also implicated in Tau aggregation and neural cell death during AD development. Therefore, we analyzed some events that could be present during Tau aggregation. Finally, we included a brief discussion of the possible relation between glucose metabolism dysfunction in AD, and data of Tau aggregation by using aggregation inhibitors. In conclusion, the process Tau aggregation deserves further investigations to design possible therapeutic targets to inhibit the toxicity of these aggregates and it is possible that could be extended to other diseases with similar etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Meraz-Ríos
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies CINVESTAV-IPN, México DF, Mexico.
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39
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Kubota K, Sato Y, Suzuki Y, Goto-Inoue N, Toda T, Suzuki M, Hisanaga SI, Suzuki A, Endo T. Analysis of glycopeptides using lectin affinity chromatography with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2008; 80:3693-8. [PMID: 18410132 DOI: 10.1021/ac800070d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycopeptides prepared from 1 nmol of a mixture of glycoproteins, transferrin, and ribonuclease B by lysylendopeptidase digestion were isolated by lectin and cellulose column chromatographies, and then they were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and MALDI-quadrupole ion trap (QIT)-TOF mass spectrometry which enables the performance of MS ( n ) analysis. The lectin affinity preparation of glycopeptides with Sambucus nigra agglutinin and concanavalin A provides the glycan structure outlines for the sialyl linkage and the core structure of N-glycans. Such structural estimation was confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS and MALDI-QIT-TOF MS/MS. Amino acid sequences and location of glycosylation sites were determined by MALDI-QIT-TOF MS/MS/MS. Taken together, the combination of lectin column chromatography, MALDI-TOF MS, and MALDI-QIT-TOF MS ( n ) provides an easy way for the structural estimation of glycans and the rapid analysis of glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutosi Kubota
- Research Team for Functional Genomics and Research Team for Molecular Biomarkers, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Foundation for Research on Aging and Promotion of Human Welfare, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update covering the period 2001-2002. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:125-201. [PMID: 18247413 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This review is the second update of the original review on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates that was published in 1999. It covers fundamental aspects of the technique as applied to carbohydrates, fragmentation of carbohydrates, studies of specific carbohydrate types such as those from plant cell walls and those attached to proteins and lipids, studies of glycosyl-transferases and glycosidases, and studies where MALDI has been used to monitor products of chemical synthesis. Use of the technique shows a steady annual increase at the expense of older techniques such as FAB. There is an increasing emphasis on its use for examination of biological systems rather than on studies of fundamental aspects and method development and this is reflected by much of the work on applications appearing in tabular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Kuhla B, Haase C, Flach K, Lüth HJ, Arendt T, Münch G. Effect of pseudophosphorylation and cross-linking by lipid peroxidation and advanced glycation end product precursors on tau aggregation and filament formation. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:6984-91. [PMID: 17082178 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609521200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein as paired helical filaments in pyramidal neurons is a major hallmark of Alzheimer disease. Besides hyperphosphorylation, other modifications of the Tau protein, such as cross-linking, are likely to contribute to the characteristic features of paired helical filaments, including their insolubility and resistance against proteolytic degradation. In this study, we have investigated whether the four reactive carbonyl compounds acrolein, malondialdehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal accelerate the formation of Tau oligomers, thioflavin T-positive aggregates, and fibrils using wild-type and seven pseudophosphorylated mutant Tau proteins. Acrolein and methylglyoxal were the most reactive compounds followed by glyoxal and malondialdehyde in terms of formation of Tau dimers and higher molecular weight oligomers. Furthermore, acrolein and methylglyoxal induced the formation of thioflavin T-fluorescent aggregates in a triple pseudophosphorylation-mimicking mutant to a slightly higher degree than wild-type Tau. Analysis of the Tau aggregates by electron microscopy study showed that formation of fibrils using wild-type Tau and several Tau mutants could be observed with acrolein and methylglyoxal but not with glyoxal and malondialdehyde. Our results suggest that reactive carbonyl compounds, particularly methylglyoxal and acrolein, could accelerate tangle formation in vivo and that this process could be slightly accelerated, at least in the case of methylglyoxal and acrolein, by hyperphosphorylation. Interference with the formation or the reaction of these reactive carbonyl compounds could be a promising way of inhibiting tangle formation and neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kuhla
- Nutritional Physiology Unit "Oskar Kellner," Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Sato Y, Suzuki Y, Ito E, Shimazaki S, Ishida M, Yamamoto T, Yamamoto H, Toda T, Suzuki M, Suzuki A, Endo T. Identification and characterization of an increased glycoprotein in aging: Age-associated translocation of cathepsin D. Mech Ageing Dev 2006; 127:771-8. [PMID: 16914181 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We found that 14 N-glycosylated proteins were accumulated in the rat cerebral cortex cytosolic fraction in the aging process by a comparative study with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and concanavalin A staining. All proteins had high mannose and/or hybrid-type N-glycans, as indicated by the fact that they were sensitive to endoglycosidase H digestion. Three of these cytosolic glycoproteins were identified as cathepsin D, a lysosomal protease, by tryptic digestion and nano liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. The increase of cytosolic cathepsin D during aging was not due to lysosomal membrane disruption, as shown by the fact that the activities of beta-hexosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase, other lysosomal enzymes, did not increase in the cytosolic fraction. Although the total amount of cathepsin D increased during aging, the amount of cathepsin D in the microsomal fraction did not change, indicating a selective increase of cytosolic cathepsin D. This phenomenon was also observed in the hippocampus, cerebellum, kidney, liver, and spleen. Based on these results, we propose that cytosolic cathepsin D is a new biomarker of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sato
- Research Team for Functional Genomics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Foundation for Research on Aging and Promotion of Human Welfare, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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Brandt R, Hundelt M, Shahani N. Tau alteration and neuronal degeneration in tauopathies: mechanisms and models. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2005; 1739:331-54. [PMID: 15615650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2004] [Accepted: 06/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tau becomes characteristically altered both functionally and structurally in several neurodegenerative diseases now collectively called tauopathies. Although increasing evidence supports that alterations of tau may directly cause neuronal degeneration and cell death, the mechanisms, which render tau to become a toxic agent are still unclear. In addition, it is obscure, whether neurodegeneration in tauopathies occurs via a common mechanism or specific differences exist. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about the different experimental models that currently exist, how they are used to determine the role of tau during degeneration and what has been learnt from them concerning the mechanistic role of tau in the disease process. The review begins with a discussion about similarities and differences in tau alteration in paradigmatic tauopathies such as frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The second part concentrates on major experimental models that have been used to address the mechanistic role of tau during degeneration. This will include a discussion of cell-free assays, culture models using cell lines or dissociated neurons, and animal models. How these models aid to understand (i) alterations in the function of tau as a microtubule-associated protein (MAP), (ii) direct cytotoxicity of altered tau protein, and (iii) the potential role of tau aggregation in neurodegenerative processes will be the central theme of this part. The review ends with concluding remarks about a general mechanistic model of the role of tau alteration and neuronal degeneration in tauopathies and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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Nishi K, Tanegashima A, Yamamoto Y, Ushiyama I, Ikemoto K, Yamasaki S, Nishimura A, Rand S, Brinkmann B. Utilization of lectin-histochemistry in forensic neuropathology: lectin staining provides useful information for postmortem diagnosis in forensic neuropathology. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2004; 5:117-31. [PMID: 14568771 DOI: 10.1016/s1344-6223(03)00058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the deposition of glycoconjugates in human brain tissue with or without brain disorders. In this review we describe the application of lectin-histochemistry techniques to forensic neuropathology. Lectin staining is able to reveal several kinds of carbohydrate-related depositions in addition to the conventional degenerative changes including senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and corpora amylacea. The senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were clearly stained by Con A, PSA and GSI lectins, the corpora amylacea which is relevant to repeated brain hypoxia and mitochondrial damage was also easily detected by these and many other kinds of lectins. Amorphous spaces were detected around blood vessels and independently from blood vessels by lectin staining in the white matter from patients with brain disorders or severe edema. The white matter lesions were not considered relevant for forensic pathology, until a large group of cerebral white matter lesions were detected in the elderly with increasing frequency by modern neuro-imaging methods. The spherical deposits were newly detected by lectin staining in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation chiefly from patients with schizophrenia or cognitive dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuji Nishi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa-cho, Shiga, Ohtsu 520-2192, Japan.
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Liu F, Zaidi T, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Gong CX. Aberrant glycosylation modulates phosphorylation of tau by protein kinase A and dephosphorylation of tau by protein phosphatase 2A and 5. Neuroscience 2003; 115:829-37. [PMID: 12435421 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau is abnormally hyperphosphorylated, glycosylated, and aggregated in affected neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We recently found that the aberrant tau glycosylation precedes tau hyperphosphorylation in AD brain. In the present study, we developed assays to determine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tau at specific phosphorylation sites by using glycosylated tau purified from AD brain as a substrate. We then studied the effects of the aberrant glycosylation on phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tau at each specific phosphorylation site. We found that deglycosylation of the aberrantly glycosylated tau decreased the subsequent phosphorylation of tau at Ser214, Ser262, and Ser356 in vitro by protein kinase A. On the other hand, deglycosylation of tau positively modulated the subsequent dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A and protein phosphatase 5 in vitro at the phosphorylation sites Ser198, Ser199, and Ser202. Our results suggest that the aberrant glycosylation may modulate tau protein at a substrate level so that it is easier to be phosphorylated and more difficult to be dephosphorylated at some phosphorylation sites in AD brain. The combined impact of this modulation may be to make tau more susceptible to becoming abnormally hyperphosphorylated.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, , Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
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Espinosa B, Guevara J, Hernández P, Slomianny MC, Guzmán A, Martínez-Cairo S, Zenteno E. Characterization of an O-glycosylated plaque-associated protein from Alzheimer disease brain. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2003; 62:34-41. [PMID: 12528816 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/62.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we characterized a 90-kDa glycoprotein from Alzheimer disease (9OAzgp) brain extracts that is recognized by the GalNAc-specific lectin from Amaranthus leucocarpus (ALL), as determined through Western blot. The 90Azgp was purified by electro-elution, and its amino acid sequence determined from peptides obtained after trypsin digestion through MALDI-TOF (Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight), and compared with the relative values obtained from the NCBInr (Swiss-Prot 10/01/2001) database. The 90Azgp showed 32% and 42% homology with the KIAA0310 protein from human brain and the human gastric mucin, respectively. Presence of O-glycosidically linked glycans in the proteins recognized by ALL was confirmed by inhibition of the lectin-glycoprotein interaction through hapten-inhibition assays and also by elimination of the O-glycosidically linked glycans after treatment with O-glycanase from Diplococcus pneumoniae. Electron transmission microscopy confirmed that the receptor recognized by the lectin is processed in the Golgi apparatus of AD neurons. Although the specific role of this glycoprotein has not been identified, considering that the presence of this lectin receptor co-localized with neuritic plaques and in AD sprouting neurons, it could suggest that the O-glycosyl-protein identified by the A. leucocarpus lectin participates in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Espinosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México City, Mexico
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Liu F, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Gong CX. Involvement of aberrant glycosylation in phosphorylation of tau by cdk5 and GSK-3beta. FEBS Lett 2002; 530:209-14. [PMID: 12387894 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau is abnormally hyperphosphorylated, glycosylated, and aggregated in affected neurons in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We recently found that the glycosylation might precede hyperphosphorylation of tau in AD. In this study, we investigated the effect of glycosylation on phosphorylation of tau catalyzed by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta). The phosphorylation of the longest isoform of recombinant human brain tau, tau(441), at various sites was detected by Western blots and by radioimmuno-dot-blot assay with phosphorylation-dependent and site-specific tau antibodies. We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235. Deglycosylation by glycosidases depressed the subsequent phosphorylation of AD-tau (i) with cdk5 at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, and Ser-404, but not at Thr-212; and (ii) with GSK-3beta at Thr-181, Ser-202, Thr-205, Ser-217, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-199, Thr-212, Thr-231, or Ser-396. These data suggest that aberrant glycosylation of tau in AD might be involved in neurofibrillary degeneration by promoting abnormal hyperphosphorylation by cdk5 and GSK-3beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island 10314, USA
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Askanas V, Engel WK. Inclusion-body myositis and myopathies: different etiologies, possibly similar pathogenic mechanisms. Curr Opin Neurol 2002; 15:525-31. [PMID: 12351995 DOI: 10.1097/00019052-200210000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sporadic inclusion-body myositis (s-IBM) and hereditary inclusion body myopathies are progressive muscle diseases that lead to severe disability. We discuss recent advances in illuminating their pathogenic mechanism(s). RECENT FINDINGS We emphasize how different etiologies might lead to the strikingly similar pathology and possibly similar pathogenic cascade. Our basic hypothesis is that over-expression of amyloid-beta precursor protein within aging muscle fibers is an early upstream event causing the subsequent pathogenic cascade. On the basis of our research, several processes seem to be important in relation to the still speculative pathogenesis: (a) increased transcription and accumulation of amyloid-beta precursor protein, and accumulation of its proteolytic fragment Abeta; (b) accumulations of phosphorylated tau and other Alzheimer-related proteins; (c) accumulation of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein receptors, the cholesterol accumulation possibly due to its abnormal trafficking; (d) oxidative stress; and (e) a milieu of muscle cellular aging in which these changes occur. We discuss unfolded and/or misfolded proteins as a possible mechanism in formation of the inclusion bodies and their consequences. The remarkable pathologic similarities between s-IBM muscle and Alzheimer disease brain are discussed. SUMMARY Unfolding knowledge of the various pathogenetic aspects of the s-IBMs and hereditary inclusion body myopathies may lead to new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Askanas
- USC Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Los Angeles, California 90017, USA.
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Reddy VP, Obrenovich ME, Atwood CS, Perry G, Smith MA. Involvement of Maillard reactions in Alzheimer disease. Neurotox Res 2002; 4:191-209. [PMID: 12829400 DOI: 10.1080/1029840290007321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Maillard reactions have been explored by food chemists for many years. It is only recently that the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), the end products of the Maillard reaction, have been detected in a wide variety of diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, cataractogenesis, Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease (AD). In this review, we discuss the chemistry and biochemistry of AGE-related crosslinks such as pyrraline, pentosidine, carboxymethyllysine (CML), crosslines, imidazolidinones, and dilysine crosslinks (GOLD and MOLD), as well as their possible involvement in neurodegenerative conditions. Pentosidine and CML are found in elevated amounts in the major lesions of the AD brain. Glycation is also implicated in the formation of the paired helical filaments (PHF), a component of the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta peptide and proteins of the cerebrospinal fluid are also glycated in patients with AD. In order to ameliorate the effects of AGEs on AD pathology, various inhibitors of AGEs have been increasingly explored. It is hoped that understanding of the mechanism of the AGEs formation and their role in the neurodegeneration will result in novel therapeutics for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Prakash Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409; Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 2085 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Liu F, Zaidi T, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Merkle RK, Gong CX. Role of glycosylation in hyperphosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease. FEBS Lett 2002; 512:101-6. [PMID: 11852060 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)02228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, microtubule-associated protein tau is abnormally modified by hyperphosphorylation and glycosylation, and is aggregated as neurofibrillary tangles of paired helical filaments. To investigate the role of tau glycosylation in neurofibrillary pathology, we isolated various pools of tau protein from AD brain which represent different stages of tau pathology. We found that the non-hyperphosphorylated tau from AD brain but not normal brain tau was glycosylated. Monosaccharide composition analyses and specific lectin blots suggested that the tau in AD brain was glycosylated mainly through N-linkage. In vitro phosphorylation indicated that the glycosylated tau was a better substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase than the deglycosylated tau. These results suggest that the glycosylation of tau is an early abnormality that can facilitate the subsequent abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
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