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Russo A, Patanè GT, Putaggio S, Lombardo GE, Ficarra S, Barreca D, Giunta E, Tellone E, Laganà G. Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Chloroquine on Red Blood Cells Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6424. [PMID: 38928131 PMCID: PMC11203553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) is a 4-aminoquinoline derivative largely employed in the management of malaria. CQ treatment exploits the drug's ability to cross the erythrocyte membrane, inhibiting heme polymerase in malarial trophozoites. Accumulation of CQ prevents the conversion of heme to hemozoin, causing its toxic buildup, thus blocking the survival of Plasmodium parasites. Recently, it has been reported that CQ is able to exert antiviral properties, mainly against HIV and SARS-CoV-2. This renewed interest in CQ treatment has led to the development of new studies which aim to explore its side effects and long-term outcome. Our study focuses on the effects of CQ in non-parasitized red blood cells (RBCs), investigating hemoglobin (Hb) functionality, the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) or band 3 protein, caspase 3 and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) activity, intra and extracellular ATP levels, and the oxidative state of RBCs. Interestingly, CQ influences the functionality of both Hb and AE1, the main RBC proteins, affecting the properties of Hb oxygen affinity by shifting the conformational structure of the molecule towards the R state. The influence of CQ on AE1 flux leads to a rate variation of anion exchange, which begins at a concentration of 2.5 μM and reaches its maximum effect at 20 µM. Moreover, a significant decrease in intra and extracellular ATP levels was observed in RBCs pre-treated with 10 µM CQ vs. erythrocytes under normal conditions. This effect is related to the PTP-1B activity which is reduced in RBCs incubated with CQ. Despite these metabolic alterations to RBCs caused by exposure to CQ, no signs of variations in oxidative state or caspase 3 activation were recorded. Our results highlight the antithetical effects of CQ on the functionality and metabolism of RBCs, and encourage the development of new research to better understand the multiple potentiality of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Tancredi Patanè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.T.P.); (S.P.); (S.F.); (E.T.); (G.L.)
| | - Stefano Putaggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.T.P.); (S.P.); (S.F.); (E.T.); (G.L.)
| | | | - Silvana Ficarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.T.P.); (S.P.); (S.F.); (E.T.); (G.L.)
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.T.P.); (S.P.); (S.F.); (E.T.); (G.L.)
| | - Elena Giunta
- Virology and Microbiology AOOR Papardo-Piemonte, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Ester Tellone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.T.P.); (S.P.); (S.F.); (E.T.); (G.L.)
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.T.P.); (S.P.); (S.F.); (E.T.); (G.L.)
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2
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Tkachenko A. Apoptosis and eryptosis: similarities and differences. Apoptosis 2024; 29:482-502. [PMID: 38036865 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Eryptosis is a regulated cell death (RCD) of mature erythrocytes initially described as a counterpart of apoptosis for enucleated cells. However, over the recent years, a growing number of studies have emphasized certain differences between both cell death modalities. In this review paper, we underline the hallmarks of eryptosis and apoptosis and highlight resemblances and dissimilarities between both RCDs. We summarize and critically discuss differences in the impact of caspase-3, Ca2+ signaling, ROS signaling pathways, opposing roles of casein kinase 1α, protein kinase C, Janus kinase 3, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, and AMP-activated protein kinase to highlight a certain degree of divergence between apoptosis and eryptosis. This review emphasizes the crucial importance of further studies that focus on deepening our knowledge of cell death machinery and identifying novel differences between cell death of nucleated and enucleated cells. This might provide evidence that erythrocytes can be defined as viable entities capable of programmed cell destruction. Additionally, the revealed cell type-specific patterns in cell death can facilitate the development of cell death-modulating therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Larkin SK, Hernández C, van Beers EJ, van Wijk R, Kuypers FA. The RoxyScan is a novel measurement of red blood cell deformability under oxidative and shear stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6344. [PMID: 38491086 PMCID: PMC10943210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to both oxidative and shear stress, a condition that the red blood cell (RBC) continuously experiences in the circulation in vivo can be mimicked in a Couette type viscometer and monitored by ektacytometry. RBCs maintain their deformation and orientation under shear stress and oxidative stress until a threshold is reached at which these conditions appear to overwhelm the elaborate and complex pathways that maintain a proper redox environment in the cell. Oxidative stress under shear alters the ability of the cell to deform, changes cell morphology, its orientation in the shear stress field, and appears to alter intracellular and membrane characteristics. The application of the RoxyScan technology allows the comparison of oxidant effects and the role of antioxidant systems. This provides the opportunity to study the ability of RBC to deal with oxidative stress in various conditions, including RBC disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K Larkin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, UCSF RBClab, 5700 MLK Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA.
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Department Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard J van Beers
- Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis - Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard van Wijk
- Department Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans A Kuypers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, UCSF RBClab, 5700 MLK Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
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4
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Bhide AR, Surve DH, Jindal AB. Nanocarrier based active targeting strategies against erythrocytic stage of malaria. J Control Release 2023; 362:297-308. [PMID: 37625598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030 aims to achieve a 90% reduction in malaria cases, and strategic planning and execution are crucial for accomplishing this target. This review aims to understand the complex interaction between erythrocytic receptors and parasites and to use this knowledge to actively target the erythrocytic stage of malaria. The review provides insight into the malaria life cycle, which involves various receptors such as glycophorin A, B, C, and D (GPA/B/C/D), complement receptor 1, basigin, semaphorin 7a, Band 3/ GPA, Kx, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan for parasite cellular binding and ingress in the erythrocytic and exo-erythrocytic stages. Synthetic peptides mimicking P. falciparum receptor binding ligands, human serum albumin, chondroitin sulfate, synthetic polymers, and lipids have been utilized as ligands and decorated onto nanocarriers for specific targeting to parasite-infected erythrocytes. The need of the hour for treatment and prophylaxis against malaria is a broadened horizon that includes multiple targeting strategies against the entry, proliferation, and transmission stages of the parasite. Platform technologies with established pre-clinical safety and efficacy should be translated into clinical evaluation and formulation scale-up. Future development should be directed towards nanovaccines as proactive tools against malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atharva R Bhide
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Dhanashree H Surve
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Anil B Jindal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Han L, Li L, Linghu H, Zheng L, Gou D. Cardiopulmonary bypass in a rat model may shorten the lifespan of stored red blood cells by activating caspase-3. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290295. [PMID: 37729139 PMCID: PMC10511131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cell transfusion is required for many types of surgery against cardiovascular disease, and the function of transfused cells appears to decline over time. The present study examined whether transfusion also reduces red blood cell lifespan in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bypass in rats were established by connecting a roll pump to the femoral artery and vein. Then FITC-labeled stored red blood cells from rats were transfused in the animals, and the cells in circulation were counted after transfusion. In separate experiments, stored red blood cells were incubated with bypass plasma in vitro, and the effects of incubation were assessed on cell morphology, redox activity, ATP level, caspase-3 activity, and phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface. These in vivo and in vitro experiments were also performed after pretreating the stored red blood cells with the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK. RESULTS Bypass significantly decreased the number of circulating FITC-labeled stored red blood cells and increased the proportions of monocytes, neutrophils and splenic macrophages that had phagocytosed the red blood cells. In vitro, bypass plasma altered the morphology of red blood cells and increased oxidative stress, caspase-3 activity and phosphatidylserine exposure, while decreasing ATP level. Pretreating stored red blood cells with Z-DEVD-FMK attenuated the effects of bypass on caspase-3 activity, but not oxidative stress, in stored red blood cells. DISCUSSION Bypass appears to shorten the lifespan of stored red blood cells, at least in part by activating caspase-3 in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, KweiChow Moutai Hospital, Renhuai, Guizhou, China
| | - Lianlian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangya Linghu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bishan Maternity and Child Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Daming Gou
- Department of Anesthesiology, KweiChow Moutai Hospital, Renhuai, Guizhou, China
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Pan X, Giustarini D, Lang F, Rossi R, Wieder T, Köberle M, Ghashghaeinia M. Desipramine induces eryptosis in human erythrocytes, an effect blunted by nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside and N-acetyl-L-cysteine but enhanced by Calcium depletion. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1827-1853. [PMID: 37522842 PMCID: PMC10599211 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2234177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Desipramine a representative of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) promotes recovery of depressed patients by inhibition of reuptake of neurotransmitters serotonin (SER) and norepinephrine (NE) in the presynaptic membrane by directly blocking their respective transporters SERT and NET.Aims: To study the effect of desipramine on programmed erythrocyte death (eryptosis) and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods: Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the cell surface as marker of cell death was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter in flow cytometry. Hemolysis was determined photometrically, and intracellular glutathione [GSH]i from high performance liquid chromatography.Results: Desipramine dose-dependently significantly enhanced the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells and didn´t impact glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Desipramine-induced eryptosis was significantly reversed by pre-treatment of erythrocytes with either nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The highest inhibitory effect was obtained by using both inhibitors together. Calcium (Ca2+) depletion aggravated desipramine-induced eryptosis. Changing the order of treatment, i.e. desipramine first followed by inhibitors, could not influence the inhibitory effect of SNP or NAC.Conclusion: Antidepressants-caused intoxication can be treated by SNP and NAC, respectively. B) Patients with chronic hypocalcemia should not be treated with tricyclic anti-depressants or their dose should be noticeably reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Pan
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Florian Lang
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Thomas Wieder
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Hwang YS, So D, Lee M, Yoon J, Reipa V, Tona A, Yi F, Nelson BC, LaVan DA, Hackley VA, Daar IO, Cho TJ. Polyethyleneimine/polyethylene glycol-conjugated gold nanoparticles as nanoscale positive/negative controls in nanotoxicology: testing in frog embryo teratogenesis assay- Xenopus and mammalian tissue culture system. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:94-115. [PMID: 36919473 PMCID: PMC10471858 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2187322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great potential of using positively charged gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in nanomedicine, no systematic studies have been reported on their synthesis optimization or colloidal stability under physiological conditions until a group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology recently succeeded in producing remarkably stable polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated AuNPs (Au-PEI). This improved version of Au-PEI (Au-PEI25kB) has increased the demand for toxicity and teratogenicity information for applications in nanomedicine and nanotoxicology. In vitro assays for Au-PEI25kB in various cell lines showed substantial active cytotoxicity. For advanced toxicity research, the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX) method was employed in this study. We observed that positively-charged Au-PEI25kB exhibited significant toxicity and teratogenicity, whereas polyethylene glycol conjugated AuNPs (Au-PEG) used as comparable negative controls did not. There is a characteristic avidity of Au-PEI25kB for the jelly coat, the chorionic envelope (also known as vitelline membrane) and the cytoplasmic membrane, as well as a barrier effect of the chorionic envelope observed with Au-PEG. To circumvent these characteristics, an injection-mediated FETAX approach was utilized. Like treatment with the FETAX method, the injection of Au-PEI25kB severely impaired embryo development. Notably, the survival/concentration curve that was steep when the standard FETAX approach was employed became gradual in the injection-mediated FETAX. These results suggest that Au-PEI25kB may be a good candidate as a nanoscale positive control material for nanoparticle analysis in toxicology and teratology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Seok Hwang
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Daeho So
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Moonsup Lee
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jaeho Yoon
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Vytas Reipa
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alessandro Tona
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Feng Yi
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - David A. LaVan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Vincent A. Hackley
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ira O. Daar
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Tae Joon Cho
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Fang M, Xia F, Chen Y, Shen Y, Ma L, You C, Tao C, Hu X. Role of Eryptosis in Hemorrhagic Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:932931. [PMID: 35966018 PMCID: PMC9371462 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.932931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes undergo certain morphological changes resembling apoptosis during senescence or in an abnormal state/site, which is termed eryptosis. This process is characterized by phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, membrane blebbing, and cell shrinkage. Eryptotic erythrocytes are subsequently removed via macrophage-mediated efferocytosis. In hemorrhagic stroke (HS), blood within an artery rapidly bleeds into the brain tissue or the subarachnoid space, resulting in severe neurological deficits. A hypoxic, over-oxidative, and pro-inflammatory microenvironment in the hematoma leads to oxidative stress, hyperosmotic shock, energy depletion, and Cl– removal in erythrocytes, which eventually triggers eryptosis. In addition, eryptosis following intracerebral hemorrhage favors hematoma clearance, which sheds light on a common mechanism of intrinsic phagocytosis. In this review, we summarized the canonical mechanisms of eryptosis and discussed its pathological conditions associated with HS. Understanding the role of eryptosis in HS may uncover additional potential interventions for further translational clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuke Shen
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanyuan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanyuan Tao,
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Xin Hu,
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9
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Li D, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Li X, Chen X, Yin Y, Hu J, Li J, Guo M, Wang X. What Should Be Responsible for Eryptosis in Chronic Kidney Disease? Kidney Blood Press Res 2022; 47:375-390. [PMID: 35114677 DOI: 10.1159/000522133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal anemia is an important complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition to insufficient secretion of erythropoietin (EPO) and erythropoiesis disorders, the impact of eryptosis on renal anemia demands attention. However, a systemic analysis concerning the pathophysiology of eryptosis has not been expounded. SUMMARY The complicated conditions in CKD patients, including oxidative stress, osmotic stress, metabolic stress, accumulation of uremic toxins, and iron deficiency, affect the normal skeleton structure of red blood cells (RBCs) and disturbs ionic homeostasis, causing phosphatidylserine to translocate to the outer lobules of the RBC membrane that leads to early elimination and/or shortening of the RBC lifespan. Inadequate synthesis of RBCs cannot compensate for their accelerated destruction, thus exacerbating renal anemia. Meanwhile, EPO treatment alone will not reverse renal anemia. A variety of eryptosis inhibitors have so far been found, but evidence of their effectiveness in the treatment of CKD remains to be established. KEY MESSAGES In this review, the pathophysiological processes and factors influencing eryptosis in CKD were elucidated. The aim of this review was to underline the importance of eryptosis in renal anemia and determine some promising research directions or possible therapeutic targets to correct anemia in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China,
| | - Xujuan Zheng
- Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xuexun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yonghua Yin
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiangming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Scovino AM, Totino PRR, Morrot A. Eryptosis as a New Insight in Malaria Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855795. [PMID: 35634341 PMCID: PMC9136947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eryptosis is a programmed cell death-like process that occurs in red blood cells. Although the red blood cells are anucleated, there are similarities between eryptosis and apoptosis, such as increased calcium efflux, calpain activation, phosphatidylserine exposure, cell blebbing and cell shrinkage. Eryptosis occurs physiologically in red blood cells, as a consequence of the natural senescence process of these cells, but it can also be stimulated in pathological situations such as metabolic syndromes, uremic syndromes, polycythemia vera, anemias such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, and infectious processes including Plasmodium infection. Infection-induced eryptosis is believed to contribute to damage caused by Plasmodium, but it’s still a topic of debate in the literature. In this review, we provided an overview of eryptosis mechanisms and its possible pathogenic role in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Miranda Scovino
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Morrot
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Alexandre Morrot,
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11
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Eryptosis: Programmed Death of Nucleus-Free, Iron-Filled Blood Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030503. [PMID: 35159312 PMCID: PMC8834305 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human erythrocytes are organelle-free cells packaged with iron-containing hemoglobin, specializing in the transport of oxygen. With a total number of approximately 25 trillion cells per individual, the erythrocyte is the most abundant cell type not only in blood but in the whole organism. Despite their low complexity and their inability to transcriptionally upregulate antioxidant defense mechanisms, they display a relatively long life time, of 120 days. This ensures the maintenance of tissue homeostasis where the clearance of old or damaged erythrocytes is kept in balance with erythropoiesis. Whereas the regulatory mechanisms of erythropoiesis have been elucidated over decades of intensive research, the understanding of the mechanisms of erythrocyte clearance still requires some refinement. Here, we present the main pathways leading to eryptosis, the programmed death of erythrocytes, with special emphasis on Ca2+ influx, the generation of ceramide, oxidative stress, kinase activation, and iron metabolism. We also compare stress-induced erythrocyte death with erythrocyte ageing and clearance, and discuss the similarities between eryptosis and ferroptosis, the iron-dependent regulated death of nucleated blood cells. Finally, we focus on the pathologic consequences of deranged eryptosis, and discuss eryptosis in the context of different infectious diseases, e.g., viral or parasitic infections, and hematologic disorders.
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12
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Furrer R, Jauch AJ, Nageswara Rao T, Dilbaz S, Rhein P, Steurer SA, Recher M, Skoda RC, Handschin C. Remodeling of metabolism and inflammation by exercise ameliorates tumor-associated anemia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi4852. [PMID: 34516881 PMCID: PMC8442918 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A considerable number of patients with cancer suffer from anemia, which has detrimental effects on quality of life and survival. The mechanisms underlying tumor-associated anemia are multifactorial and poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed at systematically assessing the patho-etiology of tumor-associated anemia in mice. We demonstrate that reduced red blood cell (RBC) survival rather than altered erythropoiesis is driving the development of anemia. The tumor-induced inflammatory and metabolic remodeling affect RBC integrity and augment splenic phagocyte activity promoting erythrophagocytosis. Exercise training normalizes these tumor-associated abnormal metabolic profiles and inflammation and thereby ameliorates anemia, in part, by promoting RBC survival. Fatigue was prevented in exercising tumor-bearing mice. Thus, exercise has the unique potential to substantially modulate metabolism and inflammation and thereby counteracts pathological remodeling of these parameters by the tumor microenvironment. Translation of this finding to patients with cancer could have a major impact on quality of life and potentially survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annaïse J. Jauch
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tata Nageswara Rao
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sedat Dilbaz
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Mike Recher
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Radek C. Skoda
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Nesbitt NM, Malone LE, Liu Z, Jares A, Gnatenko DV, Ma Y, Zhu W, Bahou WF. Divergent erythroid megakaryocyte fates in Blvrb-deficient mice establish non-overlapping cytoprotective functions during stress hematopoiesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:164-174. [PMID: 33359909 PMCID: PMC8311568 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytoprotective mechanisms of heme oxygenases function by derivatizing heme to generate carbon monoxide, ferrous iron, and isomeric biliverdins, followed by rapid NAD(P)H-dependent biliverdin reduction to the antioxidant bilirubin using two non-overlapping biliverdin reductases that display biliverdin isomer-restricted redox activity. Although cytoprotective functions of heme oxygenases are widely recognized, concomitant effects of downstream biliverdin reductases remain incomplete. A computational model predicated on murine hematopoietic single-cell transcriptomic data identified Blvrb as a biological driver linked to the tumor necrosis factor stress pathway as a predominant source of variation defining hematopoietic cell heterogeneity. In vivo studies using Blvrb-deficient mice established the dispensable role of Blvrb in steady-state hematopoiesis, although model validation using aged Blvrb-deficient mice established an important cytoprotective function in stress hematopoiesis with dichotomous megakaryocyte-biased hematopoietic recovery. Defective stress erythropoiesis was evident in Blvrb-/- spleens and in bone marrow erythroid development, occurring in conjunction with defective lipid peroxidation as a marker of oxidant mishandling. Cell autonomous effects on megakaryocyte lineage bias were documented using multipotential progenitor assays. These data provide the first physiological function of murine Blvrb in a non-redundant pathway of stress cytoprotection. Divergent effects on erythroid/megakaryocyte lineage speciation impute a novel redox-regulated mechanism for lineage partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Nesbitt
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Lisa E Malone
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Zhaoyan Liu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11727, USA
| | - Alexander Jares
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Dmitri V Gnatenko
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Yupo Ma
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11727, USA
| | - Wadie F Bahou
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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14
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Xu X, Song Z, Li Z, Liu X, Feng Y, Wang W, Sun G, Yang J. Establishment and characterization of a gill cell line from pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀) and its application in cadmium toxicology. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111614. [PMID: 33396134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel gill cell line from pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀, PGGG cell line) was established, its application in cadmium (Cd) toxicology was demonstrated in this study. Primary cultures and PGGG subcultures were carried out at 25 °C in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium/F12 medium (1:1; pH 7.2) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Primary PGGG cells were spindle-shaped, proliferated into a confluent monolayer within two weeks and were continuously subcultured over passage 60. The growth of cells at passages 20, 40, and 60 was examined. Chromosome analysis revealed that the chromosomal number of normal PGGG cells was 48, but the number of cells with the normal chromosomes number decreased during the passaging process. Cadmium is one of the most toxic metals in aquatic systems and has been associated with multiple animal and human health problems. To interpret the cytotoxicity and related mechanisms of cadmium, PGGG cells were used as an in vitro model. After treatment with cadmium at concentrations ranging from 1 µM to 500 µM, PGGG cells demonstrated dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, manifested as morphological abnormalities and a viability decline. Further, it was found that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were elevated following cadmium exposure, and related genes involved in the antioxidant system, including those encoding catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and Kelch-like- ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), were regulated differently. In addition, PGGG cells treated with cadmium had the typical features associated with apoptosis, including phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization; upregulated expression of caspase-3, -8, and -9; and apoptotic body formation. In general, the PGGG cell line may serve as a useful tool for studying the toxic mechanisms of cadmium or other toxicants or for toxicity testing and environment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Zhan Song
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yanwei Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Guohua Sun
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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15
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Föller M, Lang F. Ion Transport in Eryptosis, the Suicidal Death of Erythrocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:597. [PMID: 32733893 PMCID: PMC7360839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes are among the most abundant cells in mammals and are perfectly adapted to their main functions, i.e., the transport of O2 to peripheral tissues and the contribution to CO2 transport to the lungs. In contrast to other cells, they are fully devoid of organelles. Similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells erythrocytes may enter suicidal death, eryptosis, which is characterized by the presentation of membrane phosphatidylserine on the cell surface and cell shrinkage, hallmarks that are also typical of apoptosis. Eryptosis may be triggered by an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, which may be due to Ca2+ influx via non-selective cation channels of the TRPC family. Eryptosis is further induced by ceramide, which sensitizes erythrocytes to the eryptotic effect of Ca2+. Signaling regulating eryptosis further involves a variety of kinases including AMPK, PAK2, cGKI, JAK3, CK1α, CDK4, MSK1/2 and casein kinase. Eryptosis-dependent shrinkage is induced by K+ efflux through Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1, the Gardos channel. Eryptotic cells are phagocytosed and may adhere to endothelial cells. Eryptosis may help prevent hemolysis since defective erythrocytes usually undergo eryptosis followed by rapid clearance from circulating blood. Excessive eryptosis stimulated by various diseases and xenobiotics may result in anemia and/or impaired microcirculation. This review focuses on the significance and mechanisms of eryptosis as well as on the ion fluxes involved. Moreover, a short summary of further ion transport mechanisms of the erythrocyte membrane is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Role of Extrinsic Apoptotic Signaling Pathway during Definitive Erythropoiesis in Normal Patients and in Patients with β-Thalassemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093325. [PMID: 32397135 PMCID: PMC7246929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death which has an important role in tissue homeostasis and in the control of organism development. Here, we focus on information concerning the role of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in the control of human erythropoiesis. We discuss the role of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 (FasL), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing (TRAIL) and caspases in normal erythroid maturation. We also attempt to initiate a discussion on the observations that mature erythrocytes contain most components of the receptor-dependent apoptotic pathway. Finally, we point to the role of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in ineffective erythropoiesis of different types of β-thalassemia.
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17
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N'Guessan KF, Patel PH, Qi X. SapC-DOPS - a Phosphatidylserine-targeted Nanovesicle for selective Cancer therapy. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:6. [PMID: 31918715 PMCID: PMC6950924 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kombo F N'Guessan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Priyankaben H Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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18
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Agalakova NA, Petrova TI, Gusev GP. Activation of Fas Receptors, Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 by Fluoride Ions in Rat Erythrocytes in vitro. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093019020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Lange C, Lehmann C, Mahler M, Bednarski PJ. Comparison of Cellular Death Pathways after mTHPC-mediated Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in Five Human Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050702. [PMID: 31117328 PMCID: PMC6587334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising photosensitizers (PS) used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the porphyrin derivative 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC, temoporfin), marketed in Europe under the trade name Foscan®. A set of five human cancer cell lines from head and neck and other PDT-relevant tissues was used to investigate oxidative stress and underlying cell death mechanisms of mTHPC-mediated PDT in vitro. Cells were treated with mTHPC in equitoxic concentrations and illuminated with light doses of 1.8-7.0 J/cm2 and harvested immediately, 6, 24, or 48 h post illumination for analyses. Our results confirm the induction of oxidative stress after mTHPC-based PDT by detecting a total loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and increased formation of ROS. However, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and loss of cell membrane integrity play only a minor role in cell death in most cell lines. Based on our results, apoptosis is the predominant death mechanism following mTHPC-mediated PDT. Autophagy can occur in parallel to apoptosis or the former can be dominant first, yet ultimately leading to autophagy-associated apoptosis. The death of the cells is in some cases accompanied by DNA fragmentation and a G2/M phase arrest. In general, the overall phototoxic effects and the concentrations as well as the time to establish these effects varies between cell lines, suggesting that the cancer cells are not all dying by one defined mechanism, but rather succumb to an individual interplay of different cell death mechanisms. Besides the evaluation of the underlying cell death mechanisms, we focused on the comparison of results in a set of five identically treated cell lines in this study. Although cells were treated under equitoxic conditions and PDT acts via a rather unspecific ROS formation, very heterogeneous results were obtained with different cell lines. This study shows that general conclusions after PDT in vitro require testing on several cell lines to be reliable, which has too often been ignored in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Lange
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Christiane Lehmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Martin Mahler
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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20
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Acikgoz E, Güler G, Camlar M, Oktem G, Aktug H. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition in glioblastoma multiforme cells induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and changing biomolecular structure. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 209:150-164. [PMID: 30388586 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and aggressive primary human brain tumors. The regulatory pathways of apoptosis are altered in GBMs, leading to a survival advantage of the tumor cells. Thus, identification of target molecules, which are effective in triggering of the cell death mechanisms in GBM, is an essential strategy for therapeutic purposes. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) plays an important role in apoptosis, proliferation and cell cycle. This study focused on the effect of GSK-3 inhibitor IX in the GBM cells. Apoptosis induction was determined by Annexin-V assay, multicaspase activity and immunofluorescence analyses. Concentration-dependent effects of GSK-3 inhibitor IX on the cell cycle were also evaluated. Moreover, the effect of GSK inhibitor on the cellular biomolecules was assessed by using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Our assay results indicated that GSK-3 inhibitor IX induces apoptosis, resulting in a significant increase in the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 proteins. Cell cycle analyses revealed that GSK-3 inhibitor IX leads to dose-dependent G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest. Based on the FTIR data, treatment of GBM cells causes dysregulation in the carbohydrate metabolism and induces apoptotic cell death which was characterized by the spectral alterations in nucleic acids, an increment in the lipid amount with disordering state and compositional changes in the cellular proteins. These findings suggest that GSK-3 inhibitor IX exhibits anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis and changing biomolecular structure of membrane lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins, and thus, may be further evaluated as a potential effective candidate agent for the GBM combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Acikgoz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Van, Turkey.
| | - Günnur Güler
- Center for Drug Research & Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications (ARGEFAR), Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Camlar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sağlık Bilimleri University Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Gulperi Oktem
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Aktug
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
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21
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Davis HW, Vallabhapurapu SD, Chu Z, Vallabhapurapu SL, Franco RS, Mierzwa M, Kassing W, Barrett WL, Qi X. Enhanced phosphatidylserine-selective cancer therapy with irradiation and SapC-DOPS nanovesicles. Oncotarget 2019; 10:856-868. [PMID: 30783515 PMCID: PMC6368238 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal living cells exhibit phosphatidylserine (PS) primarily within the intracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane. In contrast, viable cancer cells have high levels of PS on the external surface, and exhibit a broad range of surface PS, even within specific types of cancer. Agents that target surface PS have recently been developed to treat tumors and are expected to be more effective with higher surface PS levels. In this context, we examined whether surface PS is increased with irradiation. In vitro irradiation of cancer cell lines selected surviving cells that had higher surface PS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This was more pronounced if surface PS was initially in the lower range for cancer cells. Radiation also increased the surface PS of tumor cells in subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. We found an inverse relationship between steady state surface PS level of cancer cell lines and their sensitivity to radiation-induced cell death. In addition, serial irradiation, which selected surviving cells with higher surface PS, also increased resistance to radiation and to some chemotherapeutic drugs, suggesting a PS-dependent mechanism for development of resistance to therapy. On the other hand, fractionated radiation enhanced the effect of a novel anti-cancer, PS-targeting drug, SapC-DOPS, in some cancer cell lines. Our data suggest that we can group cancer cells into cells with low surface PS, which are sensitive to radiation, and high surface PS, which are sensitive to SapC-DOPS. Combination of these interventions may provide a potential new combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold W Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Swarajya L Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert S Franco
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Mierzwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William Kassing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William L Barrett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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22
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Jarosiewicz M, Michałowicz J, Bukowska B. In vitro assessment of eryptotic potential of tetrabromobisphenol A and other bromophenolic flame retardants. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:404-412. [PMID: 30336317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) as well as bromophenols, i.e. 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) and pentabromophenol (PBP) have raised wide concerns due to their widespread occurrence in the environment and adverse effects observed in living organisms including human. The effect of BFRs on apoptosis of human erythrocytes has not been examined, that is why we have decided to assess eryptotic potential of these substances by determining changes in phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, alterations in intracellular ROS and calcium ion levels, as well as caspase-3 and calpain activation in this cell type. It has been found that all BFRs studied even in the concentration of 0.001 μg/mL induced ROS formation. The compounds examined caused apoptosis by PS externalization and caspase-3 activation in human red blood cells. It has also been shown that calcium ions and calpain did not play a significant role in eryptosis induction by BFRs studied in human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jarosiewicz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Jaromir Michałowicz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-237 Łódź, Poland
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23
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Tixeira R, Poon IKH. Disassembly of dying cells in diverse organisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:245-257. [PMID: 30317529 PMCID: PMC11105331 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a conserved phenomenon in multicellular organisms required to maintain homeostasis. Among the regulated cell death pathways, apoptosis is a well-described form of PCD in mammalian cells. One of the characteristic features of apoptosis is the change in cellular morphology, often leading to the fragmentation of the cell into smaller membrane-bound vesicles through a process called apoptotic cell disassembly. Interestingly, some of these morphological changes and cell disassembly are also noted in cells of other organisms including plants, fungi and protists while undergoing 'apoptosis-like PCD'. This review will describe morphologic features leading to apoptotic cell disassembly, as well as its regulation and function in mammalian cells. The occurrence of cell disassembly during cell death in other organisms namely zebrafish, fly and worm, as well as in other eukaryotic cells will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Tixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Ivan K H Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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24
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Data confirming murine erythrocyte opsonization and oxidative damage and live microscopic analysis of oxidatively damaged erythrocyte uptake by mast cells. Data Brief 2018; 20:1645-1652. [PMID: 30263917 PMCID: PMC6157386 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.08.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The data in the present article are related to research article (doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2018.04.002) [1]. The data describes the detailed immunization protocol for generating polyclonal antisera to murine erythrocytes in rat. The rat anti-mouse erythrocyte serum is then tested for its ability to bind and opsonize murine erythrocytes. Second set of data confirms the oxidative damage to murine erythrocytes by treatment with different dose of the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) on the basis of phosphotidylserine externalization by murine erythrocytes as well as measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in t-BHP treated erythrocytes. Third set of data depicts lack of mast cell degranulation in the form of β- hexosaminidase release in response to co-incubation of mast cell with normal and oxidatively damaged erythrocytes. Lastly, the uptake of oxidatively damaged erythrocytes by resting and activated RBL-2H3 mast cells is shown by live cell imaging using confocal microscope.
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25
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Bissinger R, Bhuyan AAM, Qadri SM, Lang F. Oxidative stress, eryptosis and anemia: a pivotal mechanistic nexus in systemic diseases. FEBS J 2018; 286:826-854. [PMID: 30028073 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The average lifespan of circulating erythrocytes usually exceeds hundred days. Prior to that, however, erythrocytes may be exposed to oxidative stress in the circulation which could cause injury and trigger their suicidal death or eryptosis. Oxidative stress activates Ca2+ -permeable nonselective cation channels in the cell membrane, thus, stimulating Ca2+ entry and subsequent cell membrane scrambling resulting in phosphatidylserine exposure and activation of Ca2+ -sensitive K+ channels leading to K+ exit, hyperpolarization, Cl- exit, and ultimately cell shrinkage due to loss of KCl and osmotically driven water. While the mechanistic link between oxidative stress and anemia remains ill-defined, several diseases such as diabetes, hepatic failure, malignancy, chronic kidney disease and inflammation have been identified to display both increased oxidative stress as well as eryptosis. Recent compelling evidence suggests that oxidative stress is an important perpetrator in accelerating erythrocyte loss in different systemic conditions and an underlying mechanism for anemia associated with these pathological states. In the present review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in reducing erythrocyte survival and provide novel insights into the possible use of antioxidants as putative antieryptotic and antianemic agents in a variety of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abdulla Al Mamun Bhuyan
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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26
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Michałowicz J, Włuka A, Cyrkler M, Maćczak A, Sicińska P, Mokra K. Phenol and chlorinated phenols exhibit different apoptotic potential in human red blood cells (in vitro study). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 61:95-101. [PMID: 29857326 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phenol and chlorinated phenols are widely spread in the environment and human surrounding, which leads to a common environmental and occupational exposure of humans to these substances. The aim of this study was to assess eryptotic changes in human red blood cells treated with phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). The erythrocytes were incubated with phenols studied in the concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 μg/mL for 24 h or 48 h. The results of the study revealed that all compounds studied caused phosphatidylserine translocation and increased cytosolic calcium ions level in human erythrocytes. It was also noticed that phenol and chlorophenols caused an increase in caspase-3 and calpain activation, which confirmed that they were capable of inducing suicidal death of erythrocytes. The results also revealed that PCP most strongly altered the parameters studied, while phenol exhibited the weakest eryptotic potential in the incubated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Michałowicz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Włuka
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland
| | - Monika Cyrkler
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland
| | - Aneta Maćczak
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland
| | - Paulina Sicińska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mokra
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland
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27
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Diederich L, Suvorava T, Sansone R, Keller TCS, Barbarino F, Sutton TR, Kramer CM, Lückstädt W, Isakson BE, Gohlke H, Feelisch M, Kelm M, Cortese-Krott MM. On the Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide on Red Blood Cell Deformability. Front Physiol 2018; 9:332. [PMID: 29867516 PMCID: PMC5958211 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main function of red blood cells (RBCs) is the transport of respiratory gases along the vascular tree. To fulfill their task, RBCs are able to elastically deform in response to mechanical forces and, pass through the narrow vessels of the microcirculation. Decreased RBC deformability was observed in pathological conditions linked to increased oxidative stress or decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, like hypertension. Treatments with oxidants and with NO were shown to affect RBC deformability ex vivo, but the mechanisms underpinning these effects are unknown. In this study we investigate whether changes in intracellular redox status/oxidative stress or nitrosation reactions induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) or NO may affect RBC deformability. In a case-control study comparing RBCs from healthy and hypertensive participants, we found that RBC deformability was decreased, and levels of ROS were increased in RBCs from hypertensive patients as compared to RBCs from aged-matched healthy controls, while NO levels in RBCs were not significantly different. To study the effects of oxidants on RBC redox state and deformability, RBCs from healthy volunteers were treated with increasing concentrations of tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH). We found that high concentrations of t-BuOOH (≥ 1 mM) significantly decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio in RBCs, decreased RBC deformability and increased blood bulk viscosity. Moreover, RBCs from Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice, a strain genetically deficient in a number of antioxidant/reducing enzymes, were more susceptible to t-BuOOH-induced impairment in RBC deformability as compared to wild type (WT) mice. To study the role of NO in RBC deformability we treated RBC suspensions from human volunteers with NO donors and nitrosothiols and analyzed deformability of RBCs from mice lacking the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). We found that NO donors induced S-nitrosation of the cytoskeletal protein spectrin, but did not affect human RBC deformability or blood bulk viscosity; moreover, under unstressed conditions RBCs from eNOS KO mice showed fully preserved RBC deformability as compared to WT mice. Pre-treatment of human RBCs with nitrosothiols rescued t-BuOOH-mediated loss of RBC deformability. Taken together, these findings suggest that NO does not affect RBC deformability per se, but preserves RBC deformability in conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Diederich
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roberto Sansone
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T C Stevenson Keller
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Frederik Barbarino
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas R Sutton
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christian M Kramer
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wiebke Lückstädt
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Malte Kelm
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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28
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Sharma P, Puri N. A new role for mast cells as scavengers for clearance of erythrocytes damaged due to oxidative stress. Immunol Lett 2018; 199:23-35. [PMID: 29635001 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress are interconnected. Erythrocytes are continuously exposed to oxidative stress, normally and during inflammatory diseases. Systemic mastocytosis and genetic depletion of mast cells affect anemia. In the present study, a direct role for mast cells in clearance of erythrocytes was explored. We show, for the first time, direct phagocytosis of opsonized as well as oxidatively damaged erythrocytes in vitro by mast cell lines, bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs) and in vivo by murine peritoneal mast cells. Also, activated mast cells, as may be present in inflammatory conditions, showed a significantly higher uptake of oxidatively damaged erythrocytes than resting mast cells. This suggests the involvement of mast cells in erythrocyte clearance during oxidative stress or inflammatory disorders. Partial inhibition of phagocytosis by various inhibitors indicated that this process may be controlled by several pathways. Our study provides important evidence for a scavenging role for mast cells in anemia due to inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Niti Puri
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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29
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Alvarez-Sala A, López-García G, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Cilla A, Barberá R, Alegría A. Effects of Plant Sterols or β-Cryptoxanthin at Physiological Serum Concentrations on Suicidal Erythrocyte Death. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1157-1166. [PMID: 29345907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The eryptotic and hemolytic effects of a phytosterol (PS) mixture (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol) or β-cryptoxanthin (β-Cx) at physiological serum concentration and their effect against oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH) (75 and 300 μM) were evaluated. β-Cryptoxanthin produced an increase in eryptotic cells, cell volume, hemolysis, and glutathione depletion (GSH) without ROS overproduction and intracellular Ca2+ influx. Co-incubation of both bioactive compounds protected against β-Cx-induced eryptosis. Under tBOOH stress, PS prevented eryptosis, reducing Ca2+ influx, ROS overproduction and GSH depletion at 75 μM, and hemolysis at both tBOOH concentrations. β-Cryptoxanthin showed no cytoprotective effect. Co-incubation with both bioactive compounds completely prevented hemolysis and partially prevented eryptosis as well as GSH depletion induced by β-Cx plus tBOOH. Phytosterols at physiological serum concentrations help to prevent pro-eryptotic and hemolytic effects and are promising candidate compounds for ameliorating eryptosis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alvarez-Sala
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Gabriel López-García
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo , Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo , Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
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30
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Badior KE, Casey JR. Molecular mechanism for the red blood cell senescence clock. IUBMB Life 2017; 70:32-40. [PMID: 29240292 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lacking protein synthesis machinery and organelles necessary for autophagy or apoptosis, aged red blood cells (RBCs) are marked by circulating auto-antibodies for macrophage-mediated clearance. The antigen recognized by these auto-antibodies is the major protein of the RBC membrane, Band 3. To ensure regulation and specificity in clearance, the molecular "clock" must mark senescent cells in a way that differentiates them from younger cells, to prevent premature clearance. Predominant models of Band 3 senescence signaling are reviewed, and merits are discussed in light of the recently published crystal structure of the Band 3 membrane domain. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 70(1):32-40, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Badior
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph R Casey
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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31
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Georgatzakou HT, Tzounakas VL, Kriebardis AG, Velentzas AD, Kokkalis AC, Antonelou MH, Papassideri IS. Short-term effects of hemodiafiltration versus conventional hemodialysis on erythrocyte performance. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:249-257. [PMID: 28854342 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemodiafiltration (HDF) is a renal replacement therapy that is based on the principles of diffusion and convection for the elimination of uremic toxins. A significant and increasing number of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are treated with HDF, even in the absence of definite and conclusive survival and anemia treatment data. However, its effects on red blood cell (RBC) physiological features have not been examined in depth. In this study, ESRD patients under regular HDF or conventional hemodialysis (cHD) treatment were examined for RBC-related parameters, including anemia, hemolysis, cell shape, redox status, removal signaling, membrane protein composition, and microvesiculation, in repeated paired measurements accomplished before and right after each dialysis session. The HDF group was characterized by better redox potential and suppressed exovesiculation of blood cells compared with the cHD group pre-dialysis. However, HDF was associated with a temporary but acute, oxidative-stress-driven increase in hemolysis, RBC removal signaling, and stomatocytosis, probably associated with the effective clearance of dialyzable natural antioxidant components, including uric acid, from the uremic plasma. The nature of these adverse short-term effects of HDF on post-dialysis plasma and RBCs strongly suggests the use of a parallel antioxidant therapy during the HDF session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hara T Georgatzakou
- a Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Greece
| | - Vassilis L Tzounakas
- a Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Greece
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- b Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological and Educational Institute (TEI) of Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios D Velentzas
- a Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Greece
| | | | - Marianna H Antonelou
- a Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Greece
| | - Issidora S Papassideri
- a Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Greece
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32
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Wu D, Qiao K, Feng M, Fu Y, Cai J, Deng Y, Tachibana H, Cheng X. Apoptosis of Acanthamoeba castellanii Trophozoites Induced by Oleic Acid. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2017; 65:191-199. [PMID: 28787535 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba spp. can be parasitic in certain situations and are responsible for serious human infections, including Acanthamoeba keratitis, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, and cutaneous acanthamoebiasis. We analyzed the fatty acid composition of Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and tested the inhibitory activity of the main fatty acids, oleic acid and arachidonic acid, in vitro. Oleic acid markedly inhibited the growth of A. castellanii, with trophozoite viability of 57.4% at a concentration of 200 μM. Caspase-3 staining and annexin V assays showed that apoptotic death occurred in A. castellanii trophozoites. Quantitative PCR and dot blot analysis showed increased levels of metacaspase and interleukin-1β converting enzyme, which is also an indication of apoptosis. In contrast, arachidonic acid showed negligible inhibition of growth of A. castellanii trophozoites. Stimulated expression of Atg3, Atg8 and LC3A/B genes and monodansylcadaverine labeling suggested that oleic acid induces apoptosis by triggering autophagy of trophozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ke Qiao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meng Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongfeng Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junlong Cai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yihong Deng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Xunjia Cheng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
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33
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Understanding quasi-apoptosis of the most numerous enucleated components of blood needs detailed molecular autopsy. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:46-62. [PMID: 28109836 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes are the most numerous cells in human body and their function of oxygen transport is pivotal to human physiology. However, being enucleated, they are often referred to as a sac of molecules and their cellularity is challenged. Interestingly, their programmed death stands a testimony to their cell-hood. They are capable of self-execution after a defined life span by both cell-specific mechanism and that resembling the cytoplasmic events in apoptosis of nucleated cells. Since the execution process lacks the nuclear and mitochondrial events in apoptosis, it has been referred to as quasi-apoptosis or eryptosis. Several studies on molecular mechanisms underlying death of erythrocytes have been reported. The data has generated a non-cohesive sketch of the process. The lacunae in the present knowledge need to be filled to gain deeper insight into the mechanism of physiological ageing and death of erythrocytes, as well as the effect of age of organism on RBCs survival. This would entail how the most numerous cells in the human body die and enable a better understanding of signaling mechanisms of their senescence and premature eryptosis observed in individuals of advanced age.
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34
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Agalakova NI, Ivanova TI, Gusev GP, Nazarenkova AV, Sufiyeva DA. Apoptotic death in erythrocytes of lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis induced by ionomycin and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 194:48-60. [PMID: 28163253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The work examined the effects of Ca2+ overload and oxidative damage on erythrocytes of river lamprey Lampetra fluvialtilis. The cells were incubated for 3h with 0.1-5μM Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin in combination with 2.5mM Ca2+ and 10-100μM pro-oxidant agent tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP). The sensitivity of lamprey RBCs to studied compounds was evaluated by the kinetics of their death. Both toxicants induced dose- and time dependent phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization (annexin V-FITC labeling) and loss of membrane integrity (propidium iodide uptake). Highest doses of ionomycin (1-2μM) increased the number of PS-exposed erythrocytes to 7-9% within 3h, while 100μM tBHP produced up to 50% of annexin V-FITC-positive cells. Caspase inhibitor Boc-D-FMK (50μM), calpain inhibitor PD150606 (10μM) and broad protease inhibitor leupeptin (200μM) did not prevent ionomycin-induced PS externalization, whereas tBHP-triggered apoptosis was blunted by Boc-D-FMK. tBHP-dependent death of lamprey erythrocytes was accompanied by the decrease in relative cell size, loss of cell viability, activation of caspases 9 and 3/7, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, but all these processes were partially attenuated by Boc-D-FMK. None of examined death-associated events were observed in ionomycin-treated erythrocytes except activation of caspase-9. Incubation with ionomycin did not alter intracellular K+ and Na+ content, while exposure to tBHP resulted in 80% loss of K+ and 2.8-fold accumulation of Na+. Thus, lamprey erythrocytes appear to be more susceptible to oxidative damage. Ca2+ overload does not activate the cytosolic death pathways in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Agalakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, M. Thorez av. 44, Sankt-Petersburg, 194223, Russia.
| | - Tatiana I Ivanova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, M. Thorez av. 44, Sankt-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Gennadii P Gusev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, M. Thorez av. 44, Sankt-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Anna V Nazarenkova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, M. Thorez av. 44, Sankt-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Dina A Sufiyeva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, M. Thorez av. 44, Sankt-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
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35
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Qadri SM, Chen D, Schubert P, Perruzza DL, Bhakta V, Devine DV, Sheffield WP. Pathogen inactivation by riboflavin and ultraviolet light illumination accelerates the red blood cell storage lesion and promotes eryptosis. Transfusion 2016; 57:661-673. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Qadri
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Deborah Chen
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Peter Schubert
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Darian L. Perruzza
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Varsha Bhakta
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Dana V. Devine
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - William P. Sheffield
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
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36
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Fezai M, Slaymi C, Ben-Attia M, Lang F, Jemaà M. Purified Lesser weever fish venom (Trachinus vipera) induces eryptosis, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39288. [PMID: 27995979 PMCID: PMC5171788 DOI: 10.1038/srep39288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accidents caused by the sting of Trachinus vipera (known as Lesser weever fish) are relatively common in shallow waters of the Mediterranean. Symptoms after the sting vary from severe pain to edema or even tissue necrosis in some cases. Here we show that purified Lesser weever fish venom induces eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death, and apoptosis of human colon carcinoma cells. The venom leads to erythrocyte shrinkage, phosphatidylserine translocation and increased intracellular Ca2+, events typical for eryptosis. According to mitochondrial staining cancer cells dyed after the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Trachinus vipera venom further causes cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Fezai
- Laboratory of Biomonitoring of the Environment (LR01/ES14), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Tunis street, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.,University of Carthage, Amilcar avenue 77, 1054 Tunisia.,Department of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5/Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Chaker Slaymi
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire - CNRS, UMR 5237, Mende 1919, 34293 Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Auguste Broussonet street 163, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Mossadok Ben-Attia
- Laboratory of Biomonitoring of the Environment (LR01/ES14), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Tunis street, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.,University of Carthage, Amilcar avenue 77, 1054 Tunisia
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5/Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Jemaà
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5/Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Insights on Molecular Mechanisms of Chondrocytes Death in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122146. [PMID: 27999417 PMCID: PMC5187946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint pathology characterized by progressive cartilage degradation. Medical care is mainly based on alleviating pain symptoms. Compelling studies report the presence of empty lacunae and hypocellularity in cartilage with aging and OA progression, suggesting that chondrocyte cell death occurs and participates to OA development. However, the relative contribution of apoptosis per se in OA pathogenesis appears complex to evaluate. Indeed, depending on technical approaches, OA stages, cartilage layers, animal models, as well as in vivo or in vitro experiments, the percentage of apoptosis and cell death types can vary. Apoptosis, chondroptosis, necrosis, and autophagic cell death are described in this review. The question of cell death causality in OA progression is also addressed, as well as the molecular pathways leading to cell death in response to the following inducers: Fas, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin, nitric oxide (NO) donors, and mechanical stresses. Furthermore, the protective role of autophagy in chondrocytes is highlighted, as well as its decline during OA progression, enhancing chondrocyte cell death; the transition being mainly controlled by HIF-1α/HIF-2α imbalance. Finally, we have considered whether interfering in chondrocyte apoptosis or promoting autophagy could constitute therapeutic strategies to impede OA progression.
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Totino PRR, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Ferreira-da-Cruz MDF. Evidencing the Role of Erythrocytic Apoptosis in Malarial Anemia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:176. [PMID: 28018860 PMCID: PMC5145864 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade it has become clear that, similarly to nucleated cells, enucleated red blood cells (RBCs) are susceptible to programmed apoptotic cell death. Erythrocytic apoptosis seems to play a role in physiological clearance of aged RBCs, but it may also be implicated in anemia of different etiological sources including drug therapy and infectious diseases. In malaria, severe anemia is a common complication leading to death of children and pregnant women living in malaria-endemic regions of Africa. The pathogenesis of malarial anemia is multifactorial and involves both ineffective production of RBCs by the bone marrow and premature elimination of non-parasitized RBCs, phenomena potentially associated with apoptosis. In the present overview, we discuss evidences associating erythrocytic apoptosis with the pathogenesis of severe malarial anemia, as well as with regulation of parasite clearance in malaria. Efforts to understand the role of erythrocytic apoptosis in malarial anemia can help to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention based on apoptotic pathways and consequently, mitigate the harmful impact of malaria in global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R R Totino
- Laboratory of Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudio T Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Alterations in Red Blood Cell Functionality Induced by an Indole Scaffold Containing a Y-Iminodiketo Moiety: Potential Antiproliferative Conditions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2104247. [PMID: 27651854 PMCID: PMC5019890 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2104247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have recently proposed a new erythrocyte-based model of study to predict the antiproliferative effects of selected heterocyclic scaffolds. Starting from the metabolic similarity between erythrocytes and cancer cells, we have demonstrated how the metabolic derangement induced by an indolone-based compound (DPIT) could be related to its antiproliferative effects. In order to prove the validity of our biochemical approach, in the present study the effects on erythrocyte functionality of its chemical precursor (PID), whose synthesis we reported, were investigated. The influence of the tested compound on band 3 protein (B3), oxidative state, ATP efflux, caspase 3, metabolism, intracellular pH, and Ca2+ homeostasis has been evaluated. PID crosses the membrane localizing into the cytosol, increases anion exchange, induces direct caspase activation, shifts the erythrocytes towards an oxidative state, and releases less ATP than in normal conditions. Analysis of phosphatidylserine externalization shows that PID slightly induces apoptosis. Our findings indicate that, due to its unique features, erythrocyte responses to exogenous molecular stimuli can be fruitfully correlated at structurally more complex cells, such as cancer cells. Overall, our work indicates that erythrocyte is a powerful study tool to elucidate the biochemical/biological effects of selected heterocycles opening considerable perspectives in the field of drug discovery.
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Maćczak A, Cyrkler M, Bukowska B, Michałowicz J. Eryptosis-inducing activity of bisphenol A and its analogs in human red blood cells (in vitro study). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 307:328-335. [PMID: 26799224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols are important chemicals that are widely used in the manufacturing of polycarbonates, epoxy resin and thermal paper, and thus the exposure of humans to these substances has been noted. The purpose of this study was to assess eryptotic changes in human erythrocytes exposed (in vitro) to bisphenol A (BPA) and its selected analogs, i.e.,bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol AF (BPAF). The erythrocytes were incubated with compounds studied at concentrations ranging from 1 to 250μg/mL for 4, 12 or 24h. The results showed that BPA and its analogs increased cytosolic calcium ions level with the strongest effect noted for BPAF. It has also been revealed that all bisphenols analyzed, and BPAF and BPF in particular increased phosphatidylserine translocation in red blood cells, which confirmed that they exhibited eryptotic potential in this cell type. Furthermore, it was shown that BPA and its analogs caused significant increase in calpain and caspase-3 activities, while the strongest effect was noted for BPAF. BPS, which is the main substituent of bisphenol A in polymers and thermal paper production exhibited similar eryptotic potential to BPA. Eryptotic changes in human erythrocytes were provoked by bisphenols at concentrations, which may influence the human body during occupational exposure or subacute poisoning with these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Maćczak
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland
| | - Monika Cyrkler
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jaromir Michałowicz
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland.
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Li H, Jiang W, Liu Y, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Wu P, Zhao J, Duan X, Zhou X, Feng L. The metabolites of glutamine prevent hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondria and calcium ion involved pathways in fish erythrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 92:126-140. [PMID: 26795598 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the apoptosis pathways in hydroxyl radicals ((∙)OH)-induced carp erythrocytes. Carp erythrocytes were treated with the caspase inhibitors in physiological carp saline (PCS) or Ca(2+)-free PCS in the presence of 40μM FeSO4/20μM H2O2. The results showed that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the release of cytochrome c and DNA fragmentation were caspase-dependent, and Ca(2+) was involved in calpain activation and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in (∙)OH-induced carp erythrocytes. Moreover, the results suggested that caspases were involved in PS exposure, and Ca(2+) was involved in DNA fragmentation in (∙)OH-induced fish erythrocytes. These results demonstrated that there might be two apoptosis pathways in fish erythrocytes, one is the caspase and cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis that is similar to that in mammal nucleated cells, the other is the Ca(2+)-involved apoptosis that was similar to that in mammal non-nucleated erythrocytes. So, fish erythrocytes may be used as a model for studying oxidative stress and apoptosis in mammal cells. Furthermore, the present study investigated the effects of glutamine (Gln)'s metabolites [alanine (Ala), citrulline (Cit), proline (Pro) and their combination (Ala10Pro4Cit1)] on the pathways of apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. The results displayed that Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 effectively suppressed ROS generation, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 at the physiological concentrations, prevented Ca(2+) influx, calpain activation, PS exposure, DNA fragmentation and the degradation of the cytoskeleton and oxidation of membrane and hemoglobin (Hb) and increased activity of anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR) in (∙)OH-induced carp erythrocytes. Ala10Pro4Cit1 produced a synergistic effect of inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. These results demonstrated that Ala, Cit, Pro and their combination can protect mammal erythrocytes and nucleated cells against oxidative stress and apoptosis. The studies supported the use of Gln, Ala, Cit and Pro as oxidative stress and apoptosis inhibitors in mammal cells and the hypothesis that the inhibited effects of Gln on oxidative stress and apoptosis are at least partly dependent on that of its metabolites in mammalian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatao Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Sichuan, Neijiang 641000, China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xudong Duan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Abstract
Apoptosis is an energy-dependent enzymatic cell suicide process. It almost always involves the activation of caspases. In this chapter, we systemically introduce methodologies to assay caspases dependent biochemical and morphological changes in vitro breast cancer cell lines and in vivo breast cancer tissues. In addition, mitochondrial involvement is crucial to distinguish two different apoptotic pathways. Methodology to assay dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, an early event of mitochondrial involvement, is also included. Of note, since apoptotic features may not appear to the same extent depending on the context of cell types and the death-inducing insults, a common practice is to use more than one method to assess apoptosis, qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Wei-Xing Zong
- Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Interactions of dendritic glycopolymer with erythrocytes, red blood cell ghosts and membrane enzymes. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:475-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li H, Feng L, Jiang W, Liu Y, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Wu P, Zhou X. Ca(2+) and caspases are involved in hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis in erythrocytes of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1305-1319. [PMID: 26080678 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There are young erythrocytes and mature erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of fish. The present study explored the apoptosis in hydroxyl radical ((·)OH)-induced young and mature erythrocytes of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Carp erythrocytes from the peripheral blood were separated into the young fraction, the intermediate fraction and the mature fraction using fixed-angle centrifugation. The erythrocytes in three age fractions were treated with the caspase inhibitors (zVAD-fmk) in physiological carp saline (PCS) or Ca(2+)-free PCS in the presence of 40 μM FeSO4/20 μM H2O2. The results showed that the (·)OH-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and DNA fragmentation are caspase dependent in carp erythrocytes. Furthermore, the ROS generation, PS exposure and DNA fragmentation in the more young fraction are more dependent on the caspase activity. This suggested that the caspases are involved in the (·)OH-induced apoptosis in the young erythrocytes of fish. Results also indicated that Ca(2+) is involved in (·)OH-induced calpain activation, PS exposure and DNA fragmentation in carp erythrocytes. Moreover, the calpain activation, DNA fragmentation and PS exposure in the more mature fraction are more dependent on the levels of Ca(2+). This revealed that (·)OH-induced apoptosis is Ca(2+) dependent in the mature erythrocytes of fish. Taken together, there might be two apoptosis pathways in fish erythrocytes: one is the caspase-dependent apoptosis in the young erythrocytes and the other is the Ca(2+)-involved apoptosis in the mature erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuaTao Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - WeiDan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - YongAn Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - XiaoQiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Alpha-Mangostin on MPP(+)-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. J Toxicol 2015; 2015:919058. [PMID: 26357513 PMCID: PMC4556078 DOI: 10.1155/2015/919058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies have shown that extracts from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) act as antioxidants and cytoprotective agents against oxidative damage. The protective effect of alpha-mangostin, the major xanthone found in the pericarp of the mangosteen, in cellular models of Parkinson's disease (PD), has not been investigated. This study aims to investigate whether alpha-mangostin could protect SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from MPP+-induced apoptosis. The effects of alpha-mangostin on MPP+-induced cell death were evaluated with a cell viability assay, staining for nuclear DNA morphology, flow cytometry for apoptotic cells and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, quantitative real-time PCR for the expression of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2, and western blot analysis for cleaved caspase-3. Concomitant treatment with alpha-mangostin attenuated the effect of MPP+ on cell viability and apoptotic cell death. Alpha-mangostin reduced ROS formation induced by MPP+. Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio and expression of p53 were significantly lower in cells cocultured with alpha-mangostin and MPP+. The cotreated cells showed a significant decrease in activated caspase-3 compared with MPP+ treatment alone. Our data suggest that cytoprotection of alpha-mangostin against MPP+-induced apoptosis may be associated with the reduction of ROS production, modulating the balance of pro- and antiapoptotic genes, and suppression of caspase-3 activation.
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Wiewiora M, Piecuch J, Sedek L, Mazur B, Sosada K. The effects of obesity on CD47 expression in erythrocytes. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2015; 92:485-491. [PMID: 25914268 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of obesity on CD47, phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, and Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 activities in erythrocytes. METHODS The study included 25 morbidly obese patients and 20 healthy people as the control group. We evaluated CD47 expression on the red blood cell (RBC) membrane surface and eryptosis markers such as PS externalization and caspase activity using flow cytometric analyses. RESULTS CD47 expression on the RBC surface was significantly lower in obese patients than in the control group (P = 0.000001). We did not find significant differences in the Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 activities between the obese and nonobese control groups. Additionally, we did not find differences in PS exposure on erythrocyte membranes. The fibrinogen levels were higher in the obese group than they were in the control group (P = 0.00002). Correlations between CD47 expression and body mass index (r = -0.65; P = 0.0004), waist circumference (r = -0.54; P = 0.0052), and fibrinogen (r = 0.57; P = 0.0024) were found. Univariate analyses revealed that body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and fibrinogen levels were potential predictors of CD47 expression. Multivariate analyses found that fibrinogen levels (β = 0.4708; P = 0.045) independently predicted CD47 expression. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that CD47 expression is decreased on the surface of RBCs in obese subjects. These changes in CD47 expression on the RBC surface may be an adaptive response to hyperfibrinogenemia associated with obesity. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Wiewiora
- Department of General and Bariatric Surgery and Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Piecuch
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lukasz Sedek
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogdan Mazur
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krystyn Sosada
- Department of General and Bariatric Surgery and Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Hoque M, Nanduri R, Gupta J, Mahajan S, Gupta P, Saleemuddin M. Oleic acid complex of bovine α-lactalbumin induces eryptosis in human and other erythrocytes by a Ca(2+)-independent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1729-39. [PMID: 25913522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complexes of oleic acid (OA) with milk α-lactalbumin, received remarkable attention in view of their selective toxicity towards a spectrum of tumors during the last two decades. OA complexes of some structurally related/unrelated proteins are also tumoricidal. Erythrocytes are among the few differentiated cells that are sensitive and undergo hemolysis when exposed to the complexes. METHODS The effects of OA complex of bovine α-lactalbumin (Bovine Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells, BAMLET) on human, goat and chicken erythrocytes on calcein leakage, phosphatidylserine exposure, morphological changes and hemolysis were studied by confocal microscopy, FACS analysis, scanning electron microscopy and measuring hemoglobin release. RESULTS Erythrocytes exposed to BAMLET undergo eryptosis-like alterations as revealed by calcein leakage, surface phosphatidylserine exposure and transformation to echinocytes at low concentrations and hemolysis when the concentration of the complex was raised. Ca(2+) was not essential and restricted the alterations when included in the medium. The BAMLET-induced alterations in human erythrocytes were prevented by the cation channel inhibitors, amiloride and BaCl2 but not by inhibitors of thiol proteases, sphingomyelinase and by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. CONCLUSIONS The work shows for the first time that low concentrations of BAMLET induces eryptosis in erythrocytes by a novel mechanism not requiring Ca(2+) and hemolysis by detergent-like action by the released OA at higher concentrations. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The study points out to the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicity of OA complexes of α-lactalbumin and other proteins towards erythrocytes and other differentiated cells before being considered for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Hoque
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | | | - Jyoti Gupta
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sahil Mahajan
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - M Saleemuddin
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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Triggers, inhibitors, mechanisms, and significance of eryptosis: the suicidal erythrocyte death. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:513518. [PMID: 25821808 PMCID: PMC4364016 DOI: 10.1155/2015/513518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis is characterized by erythrocyte shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing, and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include Ca(2+) entry, ceramide formation, stimulation of caspases, calpain activation, energy depletion, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of several kinases. Eryptosis is triggered by a wide variety of xenobiotics. It is inhibited by several xenobiotics and endogenous molecules including NO and erythropoietin. The susceptibility of erythrocytes to eryptosis increases with erythrocyte age. Phosphatidylserine exposing erythrocytes adhere to the vascular wall by binding to endothelial CXC-Motiv-Chemokin-16/Scavenger-receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized low density lipoprotein (CXCL16). Phosphatidylserine exposing erythrocytes are further engulfed by phagocytosing cells and are thus rapidly cleared from circulating blood. Eryptosis eliminates infected or defective erythrocytes thus counteracting parasitemia in malaria and preventing detrimental hemolysis of defective cells. Excessive eryptosis, however, may lead to anemia and may interfere with microcirculation. Enhanced eryptosis contributes to the pathophysiology of several clinical disorders including metabolic syndrome and diabetes, malignancy, cardiac and renal insufficiency, hemolytic uremic syndrome, sepsis, mycoplasma infection, malaria, iron deficiency, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and Wilson's disease. Facilitating or inhibiting eryptosis may be a therapeutic option in those disorders.
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Lang E, Lang F. Mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 39:35-42. [PMID: 25636585 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling, is stimulated by Ca(2+) entry through Ca(2+)-permeable, PGE2-activated cation channels, by ceramide, caspases, calpain, complement, hyperosmotic shock, energy depletion, oxidative stress, and deranged activity of several kinases (e.g. AMPK, GK, PAK2, CK1α, JAK3, PKC, p38-MAPK). Eryptosis is triggered by intoxication, malignancy, hepatic failure, diabetes, chronic renal insufficiency, hemolytic uremic syndrome, dehydration, phosphate depletion, fever, sepsis, mycoplasma infection, malaria, iron deficiency, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and Wilson's disease. Eryptosis may precede and protect against hemolysis but by the same token result in anemia and deranged microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Wang L, Wu J, Lu J, Ma R, Sun D, Tang J. Regulation of the cell cycle and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by tanshinone I in human breast cancer cell lines. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:931-9. [PMID: 25355053 PMCID: PMC4262478 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer‑related mortality in females worldwide. Therefore, identifying alternative strategies to combat the disease mortality is important. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tanshinone I (Tan I) on the tumorigenicity of estrogen‑responsive MCF‑7 and estrogen‑independent MDA‑MB‑453 human breast cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of Tan I was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, the apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected using flow cytometry and the cell morphology was observed using a fluorescence microscope. In addition, the cell cycle regulatory proteins and apoptosis‑associated proteins involved in the phosphatidylinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were detected using western blot analysis using specific protein antibodies. The MCF‑7 and MDA‑MB‑453 cells were equally sensitive to Tan I regardless of their responsiveness to estrogen. Tan I exerted similar antiproliferative activities and induction of apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by decreases in cyclin B and increases in cyclin E and cyclin A proteins, which may have been associated with the upregulation of cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. In addition, Tan I was found to downregulate anti‑apoptotic and upregulate associated apoptotic components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Notably, treatment with the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, decreased the levels of phosphorylated (p)‑PI3K, p‑Akt and p‑mTOR. These results clearly indicated that the mechanism of action of Tan I involved, at least partially, an effect on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, providing new information for anticancer drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Sun
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
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