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Nakamura A, Mashima T, Lee J, Inaba S, Kawata N, Morino S, Kumagai K, Yamaguchi K, Seimiya H. Intratumor transforming growth factor-β signaling with extracellular matrix-related gene regulation marks chemotherapy-resistant gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 721:150108. [PMID: 38762931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells remain following chemotherapy and can cause cancer relapse. However, it is unclear when acquired resistance to chemotherapy emerges. Here, we compared the gene expression profiles of gastric cancer patient-derived cells (GC PDCs) and their respective xenograft tumors with different sensitivities to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by using immunodeficient female BALB/c-nu mice. RNA sequencing analysis of 5-FU-treated PDCs demonstrated that DNA replication/cell cycle-related genes were transiently induced in the earlier phase of DTP cell emergence, while extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes were sustainably upregulated during long-term cell survival in 5-FU-resistant residual tumors. NicheNet analysis, which uncovers cell-cell signal interactions, indicated the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway as the upstream regulator in response to 5-FU treatment. This induced ECM-related gene expression in the 5-FU-resistant tumor model. In the 5-FU-resistant residual tumors, there was a marked upregulation of cancer cell-derived TGF-β1 expression and increased phosphorylation of SMAD3, a downstream regulator of the TGF-β receptor. By contrast, these responses were not observed in a 5-FU-sensitive tumor model. We further found that TGF-β-related upregulation of ECM genes was preferentially observed in non-responders to chemotherapy with 5-FU and/or oxaliplatin among 22 patient-derived xenograft tumors. These observations suggest that chemotherapy-induced activation of the TGF-β1/SMAD3/ECM-related gene axis is a potential biomarker for the emergence of drug resistance in GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayane Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Mashima
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jin Lee
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Inaba
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Kawata
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Gastroenterological Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Morino
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshi Kumagai
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Gastroenterological Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Lee CE, Kim JY, Yoon JS, Ko J. Role of Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 and Autophagy in the Pro-Fibrotic Mechanism Underlying Graves' Orbitopathy. Yonsei Med J 2024; 65:397-405. [PMID: 38910302 PMCID: PMC11199180 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Orbital fibroblasts play key roles in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO), and previous findings have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy also contribute to GO. In this study, we investigated the presently unclear roles of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and related autophagy processes in the pro-fibrotic mechanism of GO. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orbital adipose/connective tissues were obtained from eight GO patients and six normal individuals during surgery. GO fibroblasts were transfected with IRE1 small-interfering RNA and treated with bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1) to evaluate the inhibitory effects of ER stress and autophagy, and protein-expression levels were analyzed through western blotting after stimulation with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. RESULTS TGF-β stimulation upregulated IRE1 in GO orbital fibroblasts, whereas silencing IRE1 suppressed fibrosis and autophagy responses. Similarly, Baf-A1, an inhibitor of late-phase autophagy, decreased the expression of pro-fibrotic proteins. CONCLUSION IRE1 mediates autophagy and the pro-fibrotic mechanism of GO, which provides a more comprehensive interpretation of GO pathogenesis and suggests potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Siloam Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JaeSang Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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3
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Blanco J, García Alonso A, Hermida-Nogueira L, Castro AB. How to explain the beneficial effects of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38923566 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The survival of an organism relies on its ability to repair the damage caused by trauma, toxic agents, and inflammation. This process involving cell proliferation and differentiation is driven by several growth factors and is critically dependent on the organization of the extracellular matrix. Since autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are fibrin matrices in which cells, growth factors, and cytokines are trapped and delivered over time, they are able to influence that response at different levels. The present review thoroughly describes the molecular components present in one of these APCs, leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), and summarizes the level of evidence regarding the influence of L-PRF on anti-inflammatory reactions, analgesia, hemostasis, antimicrobial capacity, and its biological mechanisms on bone/soft tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Blanco
- Department of Surgery (Stomatology, Unit of Periodontology), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel García Alonso
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lidia Hermida-Nogueira
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana B Castro
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Section of Periodontology, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Niskala A, Heijman J, Dobrev D, Jespersen T, Saljic A. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome signalling for the management of atrial fibrillation. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38877789 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory signalling via the nod-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the precise role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in various cardiac cell types is poorly understood. Targeting components or products of the inflammasome and preventing their proinflammatory consequences may constitute novel therapeutic treatment strategies for AF. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the role of the inflammasome in AF pathogenesis. We first review the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and inflammatory signalling in cardiomyocytes, (myo)fibroblasts and immune cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages and monocytes. Because numerous compounds targeting NLRP3 signalling are currently in preclinical development, or undergoing clinical evaluation for other indications than AF, we subsequently review known therapeutics, such as colchicine and canakinumab, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and evaluate their potential for treating AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Niskala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Medical Physics & Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Medicine and Research Center, Montréal Heart Institute and University de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnela Saljic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Zhang H, Muhetarijiang M, Chen RJ, Hu X, Han J, Zheng L, Chen T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Roadmap for Understanding and Tackling Cardiovascular Aging. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0058. [PMID: 38739929 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular aging is a progressive remodeling process constituting a variety of cellular and molecular alterations that are closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, gaining a deeper understanding of the changes in mitochondrial function during cardiovascular aging is crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac aging is accompanied by fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, metabolic changes, and infiltration of immune cells, collectively contributing to the overall remodeling of the heart. Similarly, during vascular aging, there is a profound remodeling of blood vessel structure. These remodeling present damage to endothelial cells, increased vascular stiffness, impaired formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), the development of arteriosclerosis, and chronic vascular inflammation. This review underscores the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac aging, exploring its impact on fibrosis and myocardial alterations, metabolic remodeling, immune response remodeling, as well as in vascular aging in the heart. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of mitochondria-targeted therapies in preventing cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mairedan Muhetarijiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ryan J Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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6
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Breuer M, Rummler M, Singh J, Maher S, Zaouter C, Jamadagni P, Pilon N, Willie BM, Patten SA. CHD7 regulates craniofacial cartilage development via controlling HTR2B expression. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:498-512. [PMID: 38477756 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 - coding gene (CHD7) cause CHARGE syndrome (CS). Although craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities are major features of CS patients, the role of CHD7 in bone and cartilage development remain largely unexplored. Here, using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) CS model, we show that chd7-/- larvae display abnormal craniofacial cartilage development and spinal deformities. The craniofacial and spine defects are accompanied by a marked reduction of bone mineralization. At the molecular level, we show that these phenotypes are associated with significant reduction in the expression levels of osteoblast differentiation markers. Additionally, we detected a marked depletion of collagen 2α1 in the cartilage of craniofacial regions and vertebrae, along with significantly reduced number of chondrocytes. Chondrogenesis defects are at least in part due to downregulation of htr2b, which we found to be also dysregulated in human cells derived from an individual with CHD7 mutation-positive CS. Overall, this study thus unveils an essential role for CHD7 in cartilage and bone development, with potential clinical relevance for the craniofacial defects associated with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Breuer
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Maximilian Rummler
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Jaskaran Singh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Sabrina Maher
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Charlotte Zaouter
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Priyanka Jamadagni
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Départment des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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7
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Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Lim JH, Shaikh S, Lee EJ, Choi I. Therapeutic applications of biological macromolecules and scaffolds for skeletal muscle regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131411. [PMID: 38588841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) mass and strength maintenance are important requirements for human well-being. SM regeneration to repair minor injuries depends upon the myogenic activities of muscle satellite (stem) cells. However, losses of regenerative properties following volumetric muscle loss or severe trauma or due to congenital muscular abnormalities are not self-restorable, and thus, these conditions have major healthcare implications and pose clinical challenges. In this context, tissue engineering based on different types of biomaterials and scaffolds provides an encouraging means of structural and functional SM reconstruction. In particular, biomimetic (able to transmit biological signals) and several porous scaffolds are rapidly evolving. Several biological macromolecules/biomaterials (collagen, gelatin, alginate, chitosan, and fibrin etc.) are being widely used for SM regeneration. However, available alternatives for SM regeneration must be redesigned to make them more user-friendly and economically feasible with longer shelf lives. This review aimed to explore the biological aspects of SM regeneration and the roles played by several biological macromolecules and scaffolds in SM regeneration in cases of volumetric muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
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8
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Gumede DB, Abrahamse H, Houreld NN. Targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its interplay with TGF-β and Notch signaling pathways for the treatment of chronic wounds. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:244. [PMID: 38671406 PMCID: PMC11046856 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a tightly regulated process that ensures tissue repair and normal function following injury. It is modulated by activation of pathways such as the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Dysregulation of this process causes poor wound healing, which leads to tissue fibrosis and ulcerative wounds. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in all phases of wound healing, primarily in the proliferative phase for formation of granulation tissue. This review focuses on the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in wound healing, and its transcriptional regulation of target genes. The crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and the TGF-β signaling pathways, as well as the deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chronic wounds are also considered, with a special focus on diabetic ulcers. Lastly, we discuss current and prospective therapies for chronic wounds, with a primary focus on strategies that target the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway such as photobiomodulation for healing diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimakatso B Gumede
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Nicolette N Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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9
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Danielpour D. Advances and Challenges in Targeting TGF-β Isoforms for Therapeutic Intervention of Cancer: A Mechanism-Based Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:533. [PMID: 38675493 PMCID: PMC11054419 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β family is a group of 25 kDa secretory cytokines, in mammals consisting of three dimeric isoforms (TGF-βs 1, 2, and 3), each encoded on a separate gene with unique regulatory elements. Each isoform plays unique, diverse, and pivotal roles in cell growth, survival, immune response, and differentiation. However, many researchers in the TGF-β field often mistakenly assume a uniform functionality among all three isoforms. Although TGF-βs are essential for normal development and many cellular and physiological processes, their dysregulated expression contributes significantly to various diseases. Notably, they drive conditions like fibrosis and tumor metastasis/progression. To counter these pathologies, extensive efforts have been directed towards targeting TGF-βs, resulting in the development of a range of TGF-β inhibitors. Despite some clinical success, these agents have yet to reach their full potential in the treatment of cancers. A significant challenge rests in effectively targeting TGF-βs' pathological functions while preserving their physiological roles. Many existing approaches collectively target all three isoforms, failing to target just the specific deregulated ones. Additionally, most strategies tackle the entire TGF-β signaling pathway instead of focusing on disease-specific components or preferentially targeting tumors. This review gives a unique historical overview of the TGF-β field often missed in other reviews and provides a current landscape of TGF-β research, emphasizing isoform-specific functions and disease implications. The review then delves into ongoing therapeutic strategies in cancer, stressing the need for more tools that target specific isoforms and disease-related pathway components, advocating mechanism-based and refined approaches to enhance the effectiveness of TGF-β-targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Danielpour
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Research Laboratories, The Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; ; Tel.: +1-216-368-5670; Fax: +1-216-368-8919
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Institute of Urology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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10
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Liu F, Chen Y, Qin D, Qian C. Interleukin-22 inhibits cardiac fibrosis by regulating fibroblast metabolic reprogramming in myocardial infarction. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155256. [PMID: 38492359 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, a significant characteristic of cardiovascular diseases, leads to ventricular remodeling and impaired cardiac function. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Interleukin-22 (IL-22) in myocardial fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI) and to explore the underlying metabolic mechanisms. Here we analyzed the single-cell sequencing data and found that the level of aerobic glycolysis was significantly higher in cardiac fibrosis in MI patient, which we validated through in vivo experiments. Utilizing MI mouse model, these experiments revealed decreased serum IL-22 levels and increased levels of AngII and TGF-β1. However, treatment with exogenous IL-22 reversed these changes, reduced infarct size, and fibrosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that IL-22 inhibited AngII-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) by suppressing the expression of α-SMA, Cola1, and Cola3. Metabolic analysis indicated that IL-22 decreased the expression of glycolytic enzymes and reduced lactate production in cardiac fibroblasts. Further in vivo experiments confirmed the inhibitory effect of IL-22 on Pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) levels in heart tissue. Additionally, IL-22 activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, while inhibition of JNK partially reversed IL-22's effect on PKM2 activity. These findings suggest that IL-22 mitigates cardiac fibrosis and FMT by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis by activating the JNK/PKM2 pathway. Our study highlights IL-22 as a potential therapeutic target for myocardial fibrosis and cardiovascular diseases, providing insights into its role in regulating fibrosis and glycolysis. These findings pave the way for developing targeted therapies and investigating additional metabolic pathways for improved treatment outcomes in the field of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China; International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yueqi Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Demeng Qin
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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11
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Deng Z, Fan T, Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Li C, He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:61. [PMID: 38514615 PMCID: PMC10958066 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular responses and is particularly critical to embryonic development, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and immune homeostasis in health. The dysfunction of TGF-β can play key roles in many diseases, and numerous targeted therapies have been developed to rectify its pathogenic activity. In the past decades, a large number of studies on TGF-β signaling have been carried out, covering a broad spectrum of topics in health, disease, and therapeutics. Thus, a comprehensive overview of TGF-β signaling is required for a general picture of the studies in this field. In this review, we retrace the research history of TGF-β and introduce the molecular mechanisms regarding its biosynthesis, activation, and signal transduction. We also provide deep insights into the functions of TGF-β signaling in physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes. TGF-β-targeting therapies which have brought fresh hope to the treatment of relevant diseases are highlighted. Through the summary of previous knowledge and recent updates, this review aims to provide a systematic understanding of TGF-β signaling and to attract more attention and interest to this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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12
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Rana P, Brennan J, Johnson A, Turcotte J, MacDonald JH, King P. The association between losartan potassium prescription and postoperative outcomes following total knee arthroplasty: A TriNetX analysis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2024:103851. [PMID: 38428487 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2024.103851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common surgical procedure performed to alleviate pain and improve functional outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis who have failed conservative treatments. Arthrofibrosis has been extensively studied due to its negative impact on TKA outcomes. Losartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), has the potential to improve TKA outcomes by inhibiting TGF-β and decreasing fibrosis. This study aims to analyze a large-scale, real-world healthcare database to investigate the association between losartan potassium prescription and postoperative outcomes such as readmissions, ED visits, and the need for MUA or revision TKA. HYPOTHESIS Based on previous literature and the nature of ARBs, it is expected that the addition of losartan will aid in better outcomes for patients following a primary TKA. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective observational study, the TriNetX Research Network (TriNetX) database was queried as of June 21, 2023. All patients who underwent a primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prior to June 21, 2022 were included. Patients were then divided into two cohorts by whether they had an active losartan potassium prescription within the year prior to their surgery to within 90days postoperatively. Patients were then propensity-matched to eliminate differences in demographics and comorbidities. RESULTS Losartan TKA patients were 1.18 [OR: 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79-0.90), p<0.001] times less likely to be readmitted within 90days and were 1.15 (OR: 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79-0.96); p=0.009) times less likely to undergo a manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) within the 1-year postoperative period. There were no statistically significant differences in rates of emergency department (ED) visits at 90days postoperatively or revision TKAs at 1year postoperatively. DISCUSSION In conclusion, patients with an active losartan prescription prior to TKA had a significantly lower likelihood of readmission within 90days and a lower likelihood of undergoing MUA within the 1-year postoperative period compared to patients not taking losartan. This presents an opportunity for further clinical investigation to explore the value of losartan in TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III; an observational cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimal Rana
- Luminis Health Orthopedics, Anne Arundel Medical Center, 2000 Medical Parkway, Suite 503, Annapolis, MD 21401, United States
| | - Jane Brennan
- Luminis Health Orthopedics, Anne Arundel Medical Center, 2000 Medical Parkway, Suite 503, Annapolis, MD 21401, United States
| | - Andrea Johnson
- Luminis Health Orthopedics, Anne Arundel Medical Center, 2000 Medical Parkway, Suite 503, Annapolis, MD 21401, United States
| | - Justin Turcotte
- Luminis Health Orthopedics, Anne Arundel Medical Center, 2000 Medical Parkway, Suite 503, Annapolis, MD 21401, United States.
| | - James H MacDonald
- Luminis Health Orthopedics, Anne Arundel Medical Center, 2000 Medical Parkway, Suite 503, Annapolis, MD 21401, United States
| | - Paul King
- Luminis Health Orthopedics, Anne Arundel Medical Center, 2000 Medical Parkway, Suite 503, Annapolis, MD 21401, United States
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13
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Ahmad SS, Choi I. Current situation and publication trends of skeletal muscle related research: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24942. [PMID: 38317977 PMCID: PMC10838779 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) is a highly plastic and dynamic tissue of the body and is largely responsible for body maintenance. SM is primarily responsible for body balance, movement, postural support, thermogenesis, and blood glucose homeostasis. SM regeneration depends on the activation of muscle satellite (stem) cells (MSCs) under the regulation of several muscle regulatory factors that regulate myogenesis. Bibliometric analysis involves the quantitative and qualitative assessments of research and scientific progress that provides researchers access to recent publications, research directions, and thus generates ideas that can be implemented to guide future research. In this analysis, the Web of Science database was searched for articles using the search term "skeletal muscle AND myogenesis AND muscle satellite cell", and 1777 articles (original research/review articles) published from the year 1997 to June 2023 were retrieved. After applying several other exclusion and inclusion criteria, 129 articles were considered for analysis. Types of research, keywords, journals, authors, years, institutions, funding agencies, and average annual citations were analyzed. Muscle regeneration, satellite cell, and myogenesis were often used keywords and exhibited increasing trends in research articles over the decades. Some journals were found to strongly support research publications with high impact factors and citation scores. This study aimed to examine research ideas and growth in the skeletal muscle related field for atrophy and aging improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
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14
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Hilliard BA, Amin M, Popoff SN, Barbe MF. Potentiation of Collagen Deposition by the Combination of Substance P with Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Rat Skin Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1862. [PMID: 38339140 PMCID: PMC10855312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A role for substance P has been proposed in musculoskeletal fibrosis, with effects mediated through transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). We examined the in vitro effects of substance P on proliferation, collagen secretion, and collagen deposition in rat primary dermal fibroblasts cultured in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, with or without TGFβ. In six-day cultures, substance P increased cell proliferation at concentrations from 0.0002 to 100 nM. TGFβ increased proliferation at concentrations from 0.0002 to 2 pg/mL, although higher concentrations inhibited proliferation. Substance P treatment alone at concentrations of 100, 0.2, and 0.00002 nM did not increase collagen deposition per cell, yet when combined with TGFβ (5 ng/mL), increased collagen deposition compared to TGFβ treatment alone. Substance P treatment (100 nM) also increased smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression at 72 h of culture at a level similar to 5 ng/mL of TGFβ; only TGFβ increased SMA at 48 h of culture. Thus, substance P may play a role in potentiating matrix deposition in vivo when combined with TGFβ, although this potentiation may be dependent on the concentration of each factor. Treatments targeting substance P may be a viable strategy for treating fibrosis where both substance P and TGFβ play roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan A. Hilliard
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.A.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Mamta Amin
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.A.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Steven N. Popoff
- Department of Biomedical Education, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
| | - Mary F. Barbe
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.A.); (M.F.B.)
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15
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Thiery JP, Sheng G, Shu X, Runyan R. How studies in developmental epithelial-mesenchymal transition and mesenchymal-epithelial transition inspired new research paradigms in biomedicine. Development 2024; 151:dev200128. [PMID: 38300897 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse mechanism, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), are evolutionarily conserved mechanisms initially identified in studies of early metazoan development. EMT may even have been established in choanoflagellates, the closest unicellular relative of Metazoa. These crucial morphological transitions operate during body plan formation and subsequently in organogenesis. These findings have prompted an increasing number of investigators in biomedicine to assess the importance of such mechanisms that drive epithelial cell plasticity in multiple diseases associated with congenital disabilities and fibrosis, and, most importantly, in the progression of carcinoma. EMT and MET also play crucial roles in regenerative medicine, notably by contributing epigenetic changes in somatic cells to initiate reprogramming into stem cells and their subsequent differentiation into distinct lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guojun Sheng
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Xiaodong Shu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Raymond Runyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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16
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Yang W, Yu T, Cong Y. Stromal Cell Regulation of Intestinal Inflammatory Fibrosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:703-711. [PMID: 38246590 PMCID: PMC10958116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammatory fibrosis is a severe consequence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). There is currently no cure for the treatment of intestinal fibrosis in IBD. Although inflammation is necessary for triggering fibrosis, the anti-inflammatory agents used to treat IBD are ineffective in preventing the progression of intestinal fibrosis and stricture formation once initiated, suggesting that inflammatory signals are not the sole drivers of fibrosis progression once it is established. Among multiple mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of intestinal fibrosis in IBD, stromal cells play critical roles in mediating the process. In this review, we summarize recent progress on how stromal cells regulate intestinal fibrosis in IBD and how they are regulated by focusing on immune regulation and gut microbiota. We also outline the challenges moving forward in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Center for Human Immunobiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tianming Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Center for Human Immunobiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Center for Human Immunobiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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17
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Alexander BE, Zhao H, Astrof S. SMAD4: A critical regulator of cardiac neural crest cell fate and vascular smooth muscle development. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:119-143. [PMID: 37650555 PMCID: PMC10842824 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During embryogenesis, cardiac neural crest-derived cells (NCs) migrate into the pharyngeal arches and give rise to the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs). vSMCs are critical for the remodeling of the PAAs into their final adult configuration, giving rise to the aortic arch and its arteries (AAAs). RESULTS We investigated the role of SMAD4 in NC-to-vSMC differentiation using lineage-specific inducible mouse strains. We found that the expression of SMAD4 in the NC is indelible for regulating the survival of cardiac NCs. Although the ablation of SMAD4 at E9.5 in the NC lineage led to a near-complete absence of NCs in the pharyngeal arches, PAAs became invested with vSMCs derived from a compensatory source. Analysis of AAA development at E16.5 showed that the alternative vSMC source compensated for the lack of NC-derived vSMCs and rescued AAA morphogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our studies uncovered the requisite role of SMAD4 in the contribution of the NC to the pharyngeal arch mesenchyme. We found that in the absence of SMAD4+ NCs, vSMCs around the PAAs arose from a different progenitor source, rescuing AAA morphogenesis. These findings shed light on the remarkable plasticity of developmental mechanisms governing AAA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna E. Alexander
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07103
- Multidisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences: Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Physiology Track, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - Huaning Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - Sophie Astrof
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07103
- Multidisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences: Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Physiology Track, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07103
- Multidisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences: Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Cancer Track, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07103
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18
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Huang R, Chen S, Song X, Zheng H. Inhalation of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Alleviates Posttraumatic Tracheal Fibrosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2024; 133:50-57. [PMID: 37394747 DOI: 10.1177/00034894231181749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was performed to determine whether the inhalation of carboxymethyl (CM)-chitosan can alleviate tracheal fibrosis in a rabbit model. METHODS We designed a rabbit model of tracheal stenosis involving electrocoagulation with a spherical electrode. Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (10 animals each). Tracheal damage was successfully established by electrocoagulation in all animals. The experimental group was given CM-chitosan (inhalation for 28 days), while the control group inhaled saline. The effects of CM-chitosan inhalation on tracheal fibrosis were analyzed. Laryngoscopy was performed to evaluate and grade tracheal granulation, while tracheal fibrosis was evaluated by histological examination. The effects of CM-chitosan inhalation on the tracheal mucosa were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and hydroxyproline content in tracheal scar tissue was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Laryngoscopy showed that the tracheal cross-sectional area was smaller in the experimental than control group. The amounts of loose connective tissue and damaged cartilage, as well as the severity of collagen and fibrosis, decreased following inhalation of CM-chitosan. According to the ELISA, the experimental group had low levels of hydroxyproline in the tracheal scar tissue. CONCLUSION The findings presented here showed that inhalation of CM-chitosan mitigated posttraumatic tracheal fibrosis in a rabbit model, thus suggesting a potential new treatment for tracheal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushi Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicai Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianmin Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Su J, Ren Q, Li P, Wei W, Liu J, Feng Y, Huang X, Cao Y, Wang W, Wu M, Zhang Q, Wang Z. Clinical Observation of Various Types of Idiopathic Hypertrophic Cranial Pachymeningitis. World Neurosurg 2024; 181:e493-e503. [PMID: 37898275 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assist doctors in making better treatment decisions and improve patient prognosis, it is important to determine which therapy modalities are suitable for various forms of idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (IHCP). METHODS All cases were received from the hospital medical record system, and some follow-up information was gathered through telephone follow-up. RESULTS A total of 26 patients, 14 men and 12 women, with ages ranging from 20 to 73 years and a mean of 47.42 years, were included in the research. Regular types were less likely to recur than irregular and nodular types, focal types were less likely to recur than diffuse types, and corticosteroid-refractory types were more likely to recur than corticosteroid-sensitive types. CONCLUSIONS The extent and shape of the lesion and susceptibility to corticosteroids are potential factors that could influence recurrence. Futhermore, this paper also proposes the fibroblasts as a new therapeutic target which may improve the quality of prognostic survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Su
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinzhan Ren
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Li
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Feng
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiang Cao
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhang Zhang
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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20
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Islam MA, Getz M, Macklin P, Ford Versypt AN. An agent-based modeling approach for lung fibrosis in response to COVID-19. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011741. [PMID: 38127835 PMCID: PMC10769079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has created an emerging need to investigate the long-term effects of infection on patients. Many individuals are at risk of suffering pulmonary fibrosis due to the pathogenesis of lung injury and impairment in the healing mechanism. Fibroblasts are the central mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition during tissue regeneration, regulated by anti-inflammatory cytokines including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). The TGF-β-dependent accumulation of fibroblasts at the damaged site and excess fibrillar collagen deposition lead to fibrosis. We developed an open-source, multiscale tissue simulator to investigate the role of TGF-β sources in the progression of lung fibrosis after SARS-CoV-2 exposure, intracellular viral replication, infection of epithelial cells, and host immune response. Using the model, we predicted the dynamics of fibroblasts, TGF-β, and collagen deposition for 15 days post-infection in virtual lung tissue. Our results showed variation in collagen area fractions between 2% and 40% depending on the spatial behavior of the sources (stationary or mobile), the rate of activation of TGF-β, and the duration of TGF-β sources. We identified M2 macrophages as primary contributors to higher collagen area fraction. Our simulation results also predicted fibrotic outcomes even with lower collagen area fraction when spatially-localized latent TGF-β sources were active for longer times. We validated our model by comparing simulated dynamics for TGF-β, collagen area fraction, and macrophage cell population with independent experimental data from mouse models. Our results showed that partial removal of TGF-β sources changed the fibrotic patterns; in the presence of persistent TGF-β sources, partial removal of TGF-β from the ECM significantly increased collagen area fraction due to maintenance of chemotactic gradients driving fibroblast movement. The computational findings are consistent with independent experimental and clinical observations of collagen area fractions and cell population dynamics not used in developing the model. These critical insights into the activity of TGF-β sources may find applications in the current clinical trials targeting TGF-β for the resolution of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Getz
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Paul Macklin
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ashlee N. Ford Versypt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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Lackner AI, Pollheimer J, Latos P, Knöfler M, Haider S. Gene-network based analysis of human placental trophoblast subtypes identifies critical genes as potential targets of therapeutic drugs. J Integr Bioinform 2023; 20:jib-2023-0011. [PMID: 38127662 PMCID: PMC10777358 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2023-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During early pregnancy, extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) play a crucial role in modifying the maternal uterine environment. Failures in EVT lineage formation and differentiation can lead to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and pregnancy loss. Despite recent advances, our knowledge on molecular and external factors that control and affect EVT development remains incomplete. Using trophoblast organoid in vitro models, we recently discovered that coordinated manipulation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling is essential for EVT development. To further investigate gene networks involved in EVT function and development, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on our RNA-Seq data. We identified 10 modules with a median module membership of over 0.8 and sizes ranging from 1005 (M1) to 72 (M27) network genes associated with TGFβ activation status or in vitro culturing, the latter being indicative for yet undiscovered factors that shape the EVT phenotypes. Lastly, we hypothesized that certain therapeutic drugs might unintentionally interfere with placentation by affecting EVT-specific gene expression. We used the STRING database to map correlations and the Drug-Gene Interaction database to identify drug targets. Our comprehensive dataset of drug-gene interactions provides insights into potential risks associated with certain drugs in early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ian Lackner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Immunology Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Immunology Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulina Latos
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Haider
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Wang Y, Li J. Current progress in growth factors and extracellular vesicles in tendon healing. Int Wound J 2023; 20:3871-3883. [PMID: 37291064 PMCID: PMC10588330 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon injury healing is a complex process that involves the participation of a significant number of molecules and cells, including growth factors molecules in a key role. Numerous studies have demonstrated the function of growth factors in tendon healing, and the recent emergence of EV has also provided a new visual field for promoting tendon healing. This review examines the tendon structure, growth, and development, as well as the physiological process of its healing after injury. The review assesses the role of six substances in tendon healing: insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and EV. Different growth factors are active at various stages of healing and exhibit separate physiological activities. IGF-1 is expressed immediately after injury and stimulates the mitosis of various cells while suppressing the response to inflammation. VEGF, which is also active immediately after injury, accelerates local metabolism by promoting vascular network formation and positively impacts the activities of other growth factors. However, VEGF's protracted action could be harmful to tendon healing. PDGF, the earliest discovered cytokine to influence tendon healing, has a powerful cell chemotaxis and promotes cell proliferation, but it can equally accelerate the response to inflammation and relieve local adhesions. Also useful for relieving tendon adhesion is TGF- β, which is active almost during the entire phase of tendon healing. As a powerful active substance, in addition to its participation in the field of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular vessels, tumour and chronic wounds, TGF- β reportedly plays a role in promoting cell proliferation, activating growth factors, and inhibiting inflammatory response during tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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23
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Islam MA, Getz M, Macklin P, Versypt ANF. An agent-based modeling approach for lung fibrosis in response to COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2022.10.03.510677. [PMID: 36238719 PMCID: PMC9558432 DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.03.510677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has created an emerging need to investigate the long-term effects of infection on patients. Many individuals are at risk of suffering pulmonary fibrosis due to the pathogenesis of lung injury and impairment in the healing mechanism. Fibroblasts are the central mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition during tissue regeneration, regulated by anti-inflammatory cytokines including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). The TGF-β-dependent accumulation of fibroblasts at the damaged site and excess fibrillar collagen deposition lead to fibrosis. We developed an open-source, multiscale tissue simulator to investigate the role of TGF-β sources in the progression of lung fibrosis after SARS-CoV-2 exposure, intracellular viral replication, infection of epithelial cells, and host immune response. Using the model, we predicted the dynamics of fibroblasts, TGF-β, and collagen deposition for 15 days post-infection in virtual lung tissue. Our results showed variation in collagen area fractions between 2% and 40% depending on the spatial behavior of the sources (stationary or mobile), the rate of activation of TGF-β, and the duration of TGF-β sources. We identified M2 macrophages as primary contributors to higher collagen area fraction. Our simulation results also predicted fibrotic outcomes even with lower collagen area fraction when spatially-localized latent TGF-β sources were active for longer times. We validated our model by comparing simulated dynamics for TGF-β, collagen area fraction, and macrophage cell population with independent experimental data from mouse models. Our results showed that partial removal of TGF-β sources changed the fibrotic patterns; in the presence of persistent TGF-β sources, partial removal of TGF-β from the ECM significantly increased collagen area fraction due to maintenance of chemotactic gradients driving fibroblast movement. The computational findings are consistent with independent experimental and clinical observations of collagen area fractions and cell population dynamics not used in developing the model. These critical insights into the activity of TGF-β sources may find applications in the current clinical trials targeting TGF-β for the resolution of lung fibrosis. Author summary COVID-19 survivors are at risk of lung fibrosis as a long-term effect. Lung fibrosis is the excess deposition of tissue materials in the lung that hinder gas exchange and can collapse the whole organ. We identified TGF-β as a critical regulator of fibrosis. We built a model to investigate the mechanisms of TGF-β sources in the process of fibrosis. Our results showed spatial behavior of sources (stationary or mobile) and their activity (activation rate of TGF-β, longer activation of sources) could lead to lung fibrosis. Current clinical trials for fibrosis that target TGF-β need to consider TGF-β sources' spatial properties and activity to develop better treatment strategies.
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Heath G, Semple SL, Rodríguez-Ramos T, Hardy S, Harrison P, Mulder IM, Power M, Dixon B. Surface material of acoustic transmitters influences the inflammatory response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during long-term implantation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 264:110660. [PMID: 37820428 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Telemetry tags are a widely used technology for tracking animals that are difficult to observe in their natural environment. This technology has been increasingly used to monitor and study populations of high value salmonid species in Canadian waters. This study expands on a previous study of the impacts of tag implantation on the immune system of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Pro-inflammatory cytokines and protein level markers were examined in fish that underwent peritoneal implantation of three tag types and compared to a sham surgery control group. The different materials on the surface of the tags showed differential immune induction extending over a two-month period. This included peritoneal total protein, IL-1β protein, the immunoglobulins IgT and IgM, as well as pro-inflammatory transcripts in the spleen. These results are suggestive of a prolonged, costly foreign body response which may be differentially induced by the different types of tag coating, with ceramic tags being least immunogenic. Examining tag impacts at the level of the immune system will facilitate the development of more biocompatible tags which will improve data fidelity. This will support more effective strategies for the management of fisheries resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Heath
- University of Waterloo, Department of Biology, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Shawna L Semple
- University of Waterloo, Department of Biology, Waterloo, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Hardy
- University of Waterloo, Department of Biology, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Philip Harrison
- Canadian Rivers Institute Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | | | - Michael Power
- University of Waterloo, Department of Biology, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Brian Dixon
- University of Waterloo, Department of Biology, Waterloo, Canada.
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Massagué J, Sheppard D. TGF-β signaling in health and disease. Cell 2023; 186:4007-4037. [PMID: 37714133 PMCID: PMC10772989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity. TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury repair through coordinated effects on cell proliferation, phenotypic plasticity, migration, metabolic adaptation, and immune surveillance of multiple cell types in shared ecosystems. Defects of TGF-β signaling, particularly in epithelial cells, tissue fibroblasts, and immune cells, disrupt immune tolerance, promote inflammation, underlie the pathogenesis of fibrosis and cancer, and contribute to the resistance of these diseases to treatment. Here, we review how TGF-β coordinates multicellular response programs in health and disease and how this knowledge can be leveraged to develop treatments for diseases of the TGF-β system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Wiedenmann CJ, Gottwald C, Zeqiri K, Frömmichen J, Bungert E, Gläser M, Ströble J, Lohmüller R, Reinhard T, Lübke J, Schlunck G. Slow Interstitial Fluid Flow Activates TGF-β Signaling and Drives Fibrotic Responses in Human Tenon Fibroblasts. Cells 2023; 12:2205. [PMID: 37681937 PMCID: PMC10486805 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis limits the success of filtering glaucoma surgery. We employed 2D and 3D in vitro models to assess the effects of fluid flow on human tenon fibroblasts (HTF). METHODS HTF were exposed to continuous or pulsatile fluid flow for 48 or 72 h, at rates expected at the transscleral outflow site after filtering surgery. In the 2D model, the F-actin cytoskeleton and fibronectin 1 (FN1) were visualized by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. In the 3D model, mRNA and whole cell lysates were extracted to analyze the expression of fibrosis-associated genes by qPCR and Western blot. The effects of a small-molecule inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor ALK5 were studied. RESULTS Slow, continuous fluid flow induced fibrotic responses in the 2D and 3D models. It elicited changes in cell shape, the F-actin cytoskeleton, the deposition of FN1 and activated the intracellular TGF-β signaling pathway to induce expression of fibrosis-related genes, such as CTGF, FN1 and COL1A1. ALK5-inhibition reduced this effect. Intermittent fluid flow also induced fibrotic changes, which decreased with increasing pause duration. CONCLUSIONS Slow interstitial fluid flow is sufficient to induce fibrosis, could underlie the intractable nature of fibrosis following filtering glaucoma surgery and might be a target for antifibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Jakob Wiedenmann
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (E.B.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (G.S.)
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Stølen Ugelvik M, Mennerat A, Mæhle S, Dalvin S. Repeated exposure affects susceptibility and responses of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) towards the ectoparasitic salmon lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Parasitology 2023; 150:990-1005. [PMID: 37705306 PMCID: PMC10941223 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is repeatedly exposed to and infected with ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) both in farms and in nature. However, this is not reflected in laboratory experiments where fish typically are infected only once. To investigate if a previous lice infection affects host response to subsequent infections, fish received 4 different experimental treatments; including 2 groups of fish that had previously been infected either with adult or infective salmon lice larvae (copepodids). Thereafter, fish in all treatment groups were infected with either a double or a single dose of copepodids originating from the same cohort. Fish were sampled when lice had developed into the chalimus, the pre-adult and the adult stage, respectively. Both the specific growth rate and cortisol levels (i.e. a proxy for stress) of the fish differed between treatments. Lice success (i.e. ability to infect and survive on the host) was higher in naïve than in previously infected fish (pre-adult stage). The expression of immune and wound healing transcripts in the skin also differed between treatments, and most noticeable was a higher upregulation early in the infection in the group previously infected with copepodids. However, later in the infection, the least upregulation was observed in this group, suggesting that previous exposure to salmon lice affects the response of Atlantic salmon towards subsequent lice infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Stølen Ugelvik
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adele Mennerat
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stig Mæhle
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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Gao G, Kang D, Zhang J, Jiang Z, He X, Wu Y. Risk factors and a prediction model for unruptured intracranial aneurysms in patients with ischemic stroke using carotid intima-media thickness and systemic atherosclerosis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1227673. [PMID: 37706007 PMCID: PMC10495834 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1227673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic atherosclerosis and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) have been widely used in clinical practice for ischemic stroke; however, little is known about the risk factors for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in patients with ischemic stroke (IS). Therefore, we performed this study to identify the risk factors and construct a prediction model for UIA in patients with IS. Methods Data were retrospectively collected from patients with IS from 2015 to 2022 at the First Hospital of Quanzhou City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China. Risk factors for UIA in patients with IS were identified using a multivariate logistic regression model, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to construct the prediction model. Results Out of the 122 patients with IS, 52 who presented with UIA (ISUIA) were categorized into the study group and the remaining 70 IS patients without UIA into the control group. Patients in the ISUIA group had lower carotid IMT and carotid artery plaque scores than those in the IS group (P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses found that aspirin use (OR: 12.987; P = 0.031), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level (OR: 1.019; P = 0.004), and carotid IMT > 0.09 mm (OR: 0.218; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the risk of UIA in patients with IS. However, UIA in patients with IS was unaffected by the carotid artery plaque score (P = 0.114). The constricted prediction model based on the abovementioned factors for UIA in IS patients was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71-0.87). Conclusion The findings revealed that the risk factors for UIA in patients with IS included aspirin use, elevated CRP level, and smaller carotid IMT, and the predictive value of the prediction model was relatively better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiming Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dezhi Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhixian Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xueyang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanyu Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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Liang D, Liu L, Zhao Y, Luo Z, He Y, Li Y, Tang S, Tang J, Chen N. Targeting extracellular matrix through phytochemicals: a promising approach of multi-step actions on the treatment and prevention of cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186712. [PMID: 37560476 PMCID: PMC10407561 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal and dynamic role in the construction of tumor microenvironment (TME), becoming the focus in cancer research and treatment. Multiple cell signaling in ECM remodeling contribute to uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion and drug resistance of cancer. Targeting trilogy of ECM remodeling could be a new strategy during the early-, middle-, advanced-stages of cancer and overcoming drug resistance. Currently nearly 60% of the alternative anticancer drugs are derived from natural products or active ingredients or structural analogs isolated from plants. According to the characteristics of ECM, this manuscript proposes three phases of whole-process management of cancer, including prevention of cancer development in the early stage of cancer (Phase I); prevent the metastasis of tumor in the middle stage of cancer (Phase II); provide a novel method in the use of immunotherapy for advanced cancer (Phase III), and present novel insights on the contribution of natural products use as innovative strategies to exert anticancer effects by targeting components in ECM. Herein, we focus on trilogy of ECM remodeling and the interaction among ECM, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and sort out the intervention effects of natural products on the ECM and related targets in the tumor progression, provide a reference for the development of new drugs against tumor metastasis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyi Luo
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yadi He
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Baldwin SA, Haugh JM. Semi-autonomous wound invasion via matrix-deposited, haptotactic cues. J Theor Biol 2023; 568:111506. [PMID: 37094713 PMCID: PMC10393182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Proper wound healing relies on invasion of fibroblasts via directed migration. While the related experimental and mathematical modeling literature has mainly focused on cell migration directed by soluble cues (chemotaxis), there is ample evidence that fibroblast migration is also directed by insoluble, matrix-bound cues (haptotaxis). Furthermore, numerous studies indicate that fibronectin (FN), a haptotactic ligand for fibroblasts, is present and dynamic in the provisional matrix throughout the proliferative phase of wound healing. In the present work, we show the plausibility of a hypothesis that fibroblasts themselves form and maintain haptotactic gradients in a semi-autonomous fashion. As a precursor to this, we examine the positive control scenario where FN is pre-deposited in the wound matrix, and fibroblasts maintain haptotaxis by removing FN at an appropriate rate. After developing conceptual and quantitative understanding of this scenario, we consider two cases in which fibroblasts activate the latent form of a matrix-loaded cytokine, TGFβ, which upregulates the fibroblasts' own secretion of FN. In the first of these, the latent cytokine is pre-patterned and released by the fibroblasts. In the second, fibroblasts in the wound produce the latent TGFβ, with the presence of the wound providing the only instruction. In all cases, wound invasion is more effective than a negative control model with haptotaxis disabled; however, there is a trade-off between the degree of fibroblast autonomy and the rate of invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Baldwin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jason M Haugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Molinaro C, Scalise M, Leo I, Salerno L, Sabatino J, Salerno N, De Rosa S, Torella D, Cianflone E, Marino F. Polarizing Macrophage Functional Phenotype to Foster Cardiac Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10747. [PMID: 37445929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in understanding the connection between the immune and cardiovascular systems, which are highly integrated and communicate through finely regulated cross-talking mechanisms. Recent evidence has demonstrated that the immune system does indeed have a key role in the response to cardiac injury and in cardiac regeneration. Among the immune cells, macrophages appear to have a prominent role in this context, with different subtypes described so far that each have a specific influence on cardiac remodeling and repair. Similarly, there are significant differences in how the innate and adaptive immune systems affect the response to cardiac damage. Understanding all these mechanisms may have relevant clinical implications. Several studies have already demonstrated that stem cell-based therapies support myocardial repair. However, the exact role that cardiac macrophages and their modulation may have in this setting is still unclear. The current need to decipher the dual role of immunity in boosting both heart injury and repair is due, at least for a significant part, to unresolved questions related to the complexity of cardiac macrophage phenotypes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the role of the immune system, and of macrophages in particular, in the response to cardiac injury and to outline, through the modulation of the immune response, potential novel therapeutic strategies for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Molinaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Isabella Leo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Salerno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jolanda Sabatino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Salerno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabiola Marino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Chen M, Cavinato C, Hansen J, Tanaka K, Ren P, Hassab A, Li DS, Youshao E, Tellides G, Iyengar R, Humphrey JD, Schwartz MA. FN (Fibronectin)-Integrin α5 Signaling Promotes Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in a Mouse Model of Marfan Syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e132-e150. [PMID: 36994727 PMCID: PMC10133209 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marfan syndrome, caused by mutations in the gene for fibrillin-1, leads to thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling are characteristic of both nonsyndromic and Marfan aneurysms. The ECM protein FN (fibronectin) is elevated in the tunica media of TAAs and amplifies inflammatory signaling in endothelial and SMCs through its main receptor, integrin α5β1. We investigated the role of integrin α5-specific signals in Marfan mice in which the cytoplasmic domain of integrin α5 was replaced with that of integrin α2 (denoted α5/2 chimera). METHODS We crossed α5/2 chimeric mice with Fbn1mgR/mgR mice (mgR model of Marfan syndrome) to evaluate the survival rate and pathogenesis of TAAs among wild-type, α5/2, mgR, and α5/2 mgR mice. Further biochemical and microscopic analysis of porcine and mouse aortic SMCs investigated molecular mechanisms by which FN affects SMCs and subsequent development of TAAs. RESULTS FN was elevated in the thoracic aortas from Marfan patients, in nonsyndromic aneurysms, and in mgR mice. The α5/2 mutation greatly prolonged survival of Marfan mice, with improved elastic fiber integrity, mechanical properties, SMC density, and SMC contractile gene expression. Furthermore, plating of wild-type SMCs on FN decreased contractile gene expression and activated inflammatory pathways whereas α5/2 SMCs were resistant. These effects correlated with increased NF-kB activation in cultured SMCs and mgR aortas, which was alleviated by the α5/2 mutation or NF-kB inhibition. CONCLUSIONS FN-integrin α5 signaling is a significant driver of TAA in the mgR mouse model. This pathway thus warrants further investigation as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center (M.C., K.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Cristina Cavinato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (C.C., D.S.L., E.Y., J.D.H., M.A.S.)
| | - Jens Hansen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J.H., R.I.)
| | - Keiichiro Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Research Center (M.C., K.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Pengwei Ren
- Department of Surgery (P.R., A.H., G.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Abdulrahman Hassab
- Department of Surgery (P.R., A.H., G.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - David S Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (C.C., D.S.L., E.Y., J.D.H., M.A.S.)
| | - Eric Youshao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (C.C., D.S.L., E.Y., J.D.H., M.A.S.)
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery (P.R., A.H., G.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (G.T., J.D.H.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J.H., R.I.)
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (G.T., J.D.H.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (C.C., D.S.L., E.Y., J.D.H., M.A.S.)
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Cardiovascular Research Center (M.C., K.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Surgery (P.R., A.H., G.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology (M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (C.C., D.S.L., E.Y., J.D.H., M.A.S.)
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Oh S, Seo SB, Kim G, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid Stimulates Angiogenesis and Collagen Synthesis in Aged Animal Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097986. [PMID: 37175693 PMCID: PMC10178436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis promotes rejuvenation in multiple organs, including the skin. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are proangiogenic factors that stimulate the activities of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA), polynucleotide (PN), and calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) are dermal fillers that stimulate the synthesis of dermal collagen. However, it is not yet known whether these compounds promote angiogenesis, which leads to skin rejuvenation. Here, we evaluated whether PDLLA, PN, and CaHA stimulate angiogenesis and skin rejuvenation using H2O2-treated senescent macrophages and endothelial cells as an in vitro model for skin aging, and we used young and aged C57BL/6 mice as an in vivo model. Angiogenesis was evaluated via endothelial cell migration length, proliferation, and tube formation after conditioned media (CM) from senescent macrophages was treated with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA. Western blot showed decreased expression levels of HSP90, HIF-1α, and VEGF in senescent macrophages, but higher expression levels of these factors were found after treatment with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA. In addition, after exposure to CM from senescent macrophages treated with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA, senescent endothelial cells expressed higher levels of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), PI3K, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) and demonstrated greater capacities for cell migration, cell proliferation, and tube formation. Based on the levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, the oxidative stress level was lower in the skin of aged mice injected with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA, while the tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 expression levels; the density of collagen fibers; and the skin elasticity were higher in the skin of aged mice injected with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA. These effects were greater in PDLLA than in PN or CaHA. In conclusion, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that PDLLA stimulates angiogenesis, leading to the rejuvenation of aged skin. Our study is the first to show that PDLLA, PN, or CaHA can result in angiogenesis in the aged skin, possibly by increasing the levels of HSP90, HIF-1α, and VEGF and increasing collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Bae Seo
- SeoAh Song Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul 05557, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunpoong Kim
- VAIM Co., Ltd., Okcheon 29055, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Monti N, Dinicola S, Querqui A, Fabrizi G, Fedeli V, Gesualdi L, Catizone A, Unfer V, Bizzarri M. Myo-Inositol Reverses TGF-β1-Induced EMT in MCF-10A Non-Tumorigenic Breast Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082317. [PMID: 37190245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), triggered by external and internal cues in several physiological and pathological conditions, elicits the transformation of epithelial cells into a mesenchymal-like phenotype. During EMT, epithelial cells lose cell-to-cell contact and acquire unusual motility/invasive capabilities. The associated architectural and functional changes destabilize the epithelial layer consistency, allowing cells to migrate and invade the surrounding tissues. EMT is a critical step in the progression of inflammation and cancer, often sustained by a main driving factor as the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Antagonizing EMT has recently gained momentum as an attractive issue in cancer treatment and metastasis prevention. Herein, we demonstrate the capability of myo-inositol (myo-Ins) to revert the EMT process induced by TGF-β1 on MCF-10A breast cells. Upon TGF-β1 addition, cells underwent a dramatic phenotypic transformation, as witnessed by structural (disappearance of the E-cadherin-β-catenin complexes and the emergence of a mesenchymal shape) and molecular modifications (increase in N-cadherin, Snai1, and vimentin), including the release of increased collagen and fibronectin. However, following myo-Ins, those changes were almost completely reverted. Inositol promotes the reconstitution of E-cadherin-β-catenin complexes, decreasing the expression of genes involved in EMT, while promoting the re-expression of epithelial genes (keratin-18 and E-cadherin). Noticeably, myo-Ins efficiently inhibits the invasiveness and migrating capability of TGF-β1 treated cells, also reducing the release of metalloproteinase (MMP-9) altogether with collagen synthesis, allowing for the re-establishment of appropriate cell-to-cell junctions, ultimately leading the cell layer back towards a more compact state. Inositol effects were nullified by previous treatment with an siRNA construct to inhibit CDH1 transcripts and, hence, E-cadherin synthesis. This finding suggests that the reconstitution of E-cadherin complexes is an irreplaceable step in the inositol-induced reversion of EMT. Overall, such a result advocates for the useful role of myo-Ins in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Monti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Dinicola
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Querqui
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Fabrizi
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Fedeli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Gesualdi
- Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Catizone
- Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
- Gynecology Department, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
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Alexander BE, Zhao H, Astrof S. SMAD4: A Critical Regulator of Cardiac Neural Crest Cell Fate and Vascular Smooth Muscle Differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532676. [PMID: 36993156 PMCID: PMC10055180 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Background The pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) are precursor vessels which remodel into the aortic arch arteries (AAAs) during embryonic cardiovascular development. Cardiac neural crest cells (NCs) populate the PAAs and differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs), which is critical for successful PAA-to-AAA remodeling. SMAD4, the central mediator of canonical TGFβ signaling, has been implicated in NC-to-vSMC differentiation; however, its distinct roles in vSMC differentiation and NC survival are unclear. Results Here, we investigated the role of SMAD4 in cardiac NC differentiation to vSMCs using lineage-specific inducible mouse strains in an attempt to avoid early embryonic lethality and NC cell death. We found that with global SMAD4 loss, its role in smooth muscle differentiation could be uncoupled from its role in the survival of the cardiac NC in vivo . Moreover, we found that SMAD4 may regulate the induction of fibronectin, a known mediator of NC-to-vSMC differentiation. Finally, we found that SMAD4 is required in NCs cell-autonomously for NC-to-vSMC differentiation and for NC contribution to and persistence in the pharyngeal arch mesenchyme. Conclusions Overall, this study demonstrates the critical role of SMAD4 in the survival of cardiac NCs, their differentiation to vSMCs, and their contribution to the developing pharyngeal arches.
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Esnault S, Jarjour NN. Development of Adaptive Immunity and Its Role in Lung Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1426:287-351. [PMID: 37464127 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32259-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airflow limitations resulting from bronchial closure, which can be either reversible or fixed due to changes in airway tissue composition and structure, also known as remodeling. Airway remodeling is defined as increased presence of mucins-producing epithelial cells, increased thickness of airway smooth muscle cells, angiogenesis, increased number and activation state of fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Airway inflammation is believed to be the main cause of the development of airway remodeling in asthma. In this chapter, we will review the development of the adaptive immune response and the impact of its mediators and cells on the elements defining airway remodeling in asthma.
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Subbotina SN, Shamkin SS, Stepanyants AB. [Severe contusion of the eyeball as a risk factor for the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy]. Vestn Oftalmol 2023; 139:82-85. [PMID: 37638576 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202313904182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) developing after severe contusions of the eyeball. Some experts doubt the possibility of developing such a severe complication after a closed eye injury, however, the accumulated literature data and research by scientists demonstrate a high probability of developing PVR in such cases, which could lead to adverse outcomes. The article presents the views of different authors and systematizes information about the frequency and the risk factors of developing PVR after different types of closed eye injury. The main purpose of this review is to demonstrate a high probability of developing PVR after a closed eye injury, which should alert specialists at the first stages of treatment in such patients and stimulate timely prevention and treatment of this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Subbotina
- Central City Clinical Hospital No. 23, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - S S Shamkin
- Central City Clinical Hospital No. 23, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Transcriptomic differences between fibrotic and non-fibrotic testicular tissue reveal possible key players in Klinefelter syndrome-related testicular fibrosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21518. [PMID: 36513788 PMCID: PMC9748020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome (KS; 47,XXY) affects 1-2 in 1000 males. Most men with KS suffer from an early germ cell loss and testicular fibrosis from puberty onwards. Mechanisms responsible for these processes remain unknown. Previous genomics studies on testis tissue from men with KS focused on germ cell loss, while a transcriptomic analysis focused on testicular fibrosis has not yet been performed. This study aimed to identify factors involved in the fibrotic remodelling of KS testes by analysing the transcriptome of fibrotic and non-fibrotic testicular tissue. RNA sequencing was performed to compare the genes expressed in testicular samples with (KS and testis atrophy) and without (Sertoli cell-only syndrome and fertile controls) fibrosis (n = 5, each). Additionally, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between KS and testis atrophy samples were studied to reveal KS-specific fibrotic genes. DEGs were considered significant when p < 0.01 and log2FC > 2. Next, downstream analyses (GO and KEGG) were performed. Lastly, RNA in situ hybridization was performed to validate the results. The first analysis (fibrotic vs non-fibrotic) resulted in 734 significant DEGs (167 up- and 567 down-regulated). Genes involved in the extracellular structure organization (e.g. VCAM1) were found up-regulated. KEGG analysis showed an up-regulation of genes involved in the TGF-β pathway. The KS vs testis atrophy analysis resulted in 539 significant DEGs (59 up- and 480 down-regulated). Chronic inflammatory response genes were found up-regulated. The overlap of X-linked DEGs from the two analyses revealed three genes: matrix-remodelling associated 5 (MXRA5), doublecortin (DCX) and variable charge X-Linked 3B (VCX3B). RNA in situ hybridization showed an overexpression of VCAM1, MXRA5 and DCX within the fibrotic group compared with the non-fibrotic group. To summarize, this study revealed DEGs between fibrotic and non-fibrotic testis tissue, including VCAM1. In addition, X-linked fibrotic genes were revealed, e.g. MXRA5, DCX and VCX3B. Their potential role in KS-related testicular fibrosis needs further study.
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Stuelten CH, Melis N, Subramanian B, Tang Y, Kimicata M, Fisher JP, Weigert R, Zhang YE. Smurf2 Regulates Inflammation and Collagen Processing in Cutaneous Wound Healing through Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad3 Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1699-1711. [PMID: 36063900 PMCID: PMC9765313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a highly conserved process that restores the integrity and functionality of injured tissues. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a master regulator of wound healing, whose signaling is attenuated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf2. Herein, the roles of Smurf2 in cutaneous wound healing were examined using a murine incisional cutaneous model. Loss of Smurf2 increased early inflammation in the wounds and led to narrower wounds with greater breaking strength. Loss of Smurf2 also led to more linearized collagen bundles in normal and wounded skin. Gene expression analyses by real-time quantitative PCR indicated that Smurf2-deficient fibroblasts had increased levels of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling and changes in expression profile of genes related to matrix turnover. The effect of Smurf2 loss on wound healing and collagen bundling was attenuated by the heterozygous loss of Smad3. Together, these results show that Smurf2 affects inflammation and collagen processing in cutaneous wounds by down-regulating TGF-β/Smad3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H Stuelten
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nicolas Melis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bhagawat Subramanian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yi Tang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Megan Kimicata
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ying E Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Chong GLW, Böhmert B, Lee LEJ, Bols NC, Dowd GC. A continuous myofibroblast precursor cell line from the tail muscle of Australasian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) that responds to transforming growth factor beta and fibroblast growth factor. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:922-935. [PMID: 36378268 PMCID: PMC9780137 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chrysophrys auratus (Australasian snapper) is one of the largest and most valuable finfish from capture fisheries in New Zealand, yet no cell lines from this species are reported in the scientific literature. Here, we describe a muscle-derived cell line initiated from the tail of a juvenile snapper which has been designated CAtmus1PFR (Chrysophrys auratus, tail muscle, Plant & Food Research). The cell line has been passaged over 100 times in 3 years and is considered immortal. Cells are reliant on serum supplementation for proliferation and exhibit a broad thermal profile comparable to the eurythermic nature of C. auratus in vivo. The impact of exogenous growth factors, including insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), on cell morphology and proliferation was investigated. Insulin-like growth factors acted as mitogens and had minimal effect on cell morphology. TGFβ exposure resulted in CAtmus1PFR exhibiting a myofibroblast morphology becoming enlarged with actin bundling. This differentiation was confirmed through the expression of smooth muscle actin (sma), an increase in type 1 collagen (col1a) expression, and a loss of motility. Expression of col1a and sma was decreased when cells were exposed to bFGF, and no actin bundling was observed. These data indicate that CAtmus1PFR may be myofibroblastic precursor cells descending from mesenchymal progenitor cells present in the tail muscle myosepta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavril L. W. Chong
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Nelson Research Centre, 293 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010 New Zealand
| | - Björn Böhmert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Nelson Research Centre, 293 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010 New Zealand
| | - Lucy E. J. Lee
- Faculty of Science, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8 Canada
| | - Niels C. Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Georgina C. Dowd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Nelson Research Centre, 293 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010 New Zealand
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Islam MA, Versypt ANF. Mathematical Modeling of Impacts of Patient Differences on COVID-19 Lung Fibrosis Outcomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.11.06.515367. [PMID: 36380760 PMCID: PMC9665336 DOI: 10.1101/2022.11.06.515367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Patient-specific premorbidity, age, and sex are significant heterogeneous factors that influence the severe manifestation of lung diseases, including COVID-19 fibrosis. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a prominent role in regulating effects of these factors. Recent evidence suggests that patient-specific alteration of RAS homeostasis with premorbidity and the expression level of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), depending on age and sex, is correlated with lung fibrosis. However, conflicting evidence suggests decreases, increases, or no changes in RAS after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, detailed mechanisms connecting the patient-specific conditions before infection to infection-induced fibrosis are still unknown. Here, a mathematical model is developed to quantify the systemic contribution of heterogeneous factors of RAS in the progression of lung fibrosis. Three submodels are connected-a RAS model, an agent-based COVID-19 in-host immune response model, and a fibrosis model-to investigate the effects of patient-group-specific factors in the systemic alteration of RAS and collagen deposition in the lung. The model results indicate cell death due to inflammatory response as a major contributor to the reduction of ACE and ACE2, whereas there are no significant changes in ACE2 dynamics due to viral-bound internalization of ACE2. Reduction of ACE reduces the homeostasis of RAS including angiotensin II (ANGII), while the decrease in ACE2 increases ANGII and results in severe lung injury and fibrosis. The model explains possible mechanisms for conflicting evidence of RAS alterations in previously published studies. Also, the results show that ACE2 variations with age and sex significantly alter RAS peptides and lead to fibrosis with around 20% additional collagen deposition from systemic RAS with slight variations depending on age and sex. This model may find further applications in patient-specific calibrations of tissue models for acute and chronic lung diseases to develop personalized treatments.
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Podyacheva E, Toropova Y. SIRT1 activation and its effect on intercalated disc proteins as a way to reduce doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1035387. [PMID: 36408244 PMCID: PMC9672938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the neoplasm is one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality worldwide. At the same time, application of cytostatic drugs like an independent type of cancer treatment and in combination with surgical methods, is often associated with the development of cardiovascular complications both in the early and in the delayed period of treatment. Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most commonly used cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic. DOX can cause both acute and delayed side effects. The problem is still not solved, as evidenced by the continued activity of researchers in terms of developing approaches for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications. It is known, the heart muscle consists of cardiomyocytes connected by intercalated discs (ID), which ensure the structural, electrical, metabolic unity of the heart. Various defects in the ID proteins can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases of various etiologies, including DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. The search for ways to influence the functioning of ID proteins of the cardiac muscle can become the basis for the creation of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment and prevention of cardiac pathologies. SIRT1 may be an interesting cardioprotective variant due to its wide functional significance. SIRT1 activation triggers nuclear transcription programs that increase the efficiency of cellular, mitochondrial metabolism, increases resistance to oxidative stress, and promotes cell survival. It can be assumed that SIRT1 can not only provide a protective effect at the cardiomyocytes level, leading to an improvement in mitochondrial and metabolic functions, reducing the effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, but also have a protective effect on the functioning of IDs structures of the cardiac muscle.
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Wang L, Feng J, Deng Y, Yang Q, Wei Q, Ye D, Rong X, Guo J. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins in Fibrosis: Complex Roles Beyond Conventional Understanding. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9891689. [PMID: 36299447 PMCID: PMC9575473 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9891689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of at least six identified transcription factors that contain a highly conserved basic leucine zipper domain and interact selectively with duplex DNA to regulate target gene expression. C/EBPs play important roles in various physiological processes, and their abnormal function can lead to various diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant C/EBP expression or activity is closely associated with the onset and progression of fibrosis in several organs and tissues. During fibrosis, various C/EBPs can exert distinct functions in the same organ, while the same C/EBP can exert distinct functions in different organs. Modulating C/EBP expression or activity could regulate various molecular processes to alleviate fibrosis in multiple organs; therefore, novel C/EBPs-based therapeutic methods for treating fibrosis have attracted considerable attention. In this review, we will explore the features of C/EBPs and their critical functions in fibrosis in order to highlight new avenues for the development of novel therapies targeting C/EBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyue Deng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quxing Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Rimal R, Desai P, Daware R, Hosseinnejad A, Prakash J, Lammers T, Singh S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Origin, function, imaging, and therapeutic targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114504. [PMID: 35998825 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is emerging as one of the primary barriers in cancer therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a common inhabitant of the TME in several tumor types and play a critical role in tumor progression and drug resistance via different mechanisms such as desmoplasia, angiogenesis, immune modulation, and cancer metabolism. Due to their abundance and significance in pro-tumorigenic mechanisms, CAF are gaining attention as a diagnostic target as well as to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy by their modulation. In this review, we highlight existing imaging techniques that are used for the visualization of CAF and CAF-induced fibrosis and provide an overview of compounds that are known to modulate CAF activity. Subsequently, we also discuss CAF-targeted and CAF-modulating nanocarriers. Finally, our review addresses ongoing challenges and provides a glimpse into the prospects that can spearhead the transition of CAF-targeted therapies from opportunity to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rimal
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPImF), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prachi Desai
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forkenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rasika Daware
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aisa Hosseinnejad
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forkenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, Section: Engineered Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Smriti Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPImF), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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The role of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex in muscle cell mechanotransduction. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1022. [PMID: 36168044 PMCID: PMC9515174 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin is the central protein of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) in skeletal and heart muscle cells. Dystrophin connects the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Severing the link between the ECM and the intracellular cytoskeleton has a devastating impact on the homeostasis of skeletal muscle cells, leading to a range of muscular dystrophies. In addition, the loss of a functional DGC leads to progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and premature death. Dystrophin functions as a molecular spring and the DGC plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Additionally, evidence is accumulating, linking the DGC to mechanosignalling, albeit this role is still less understood. This review article aims at providing an up-to-date perspective on the DGC and its role in mechanotransduction. We first discuss the intricate relationship between muscle cell mechanics and function, before examining the recent research for a role of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex in mechanotransduction and maintaining the biomechanical integrity of muscle cells. Finally, we review the current literature to map out how DGC signalling intersects with mechanical signalling pathways to highlight potential future points of intervention, especially with a focus on cardiomyopathies. A review of the function of the Dystrophic Glycoprotein Complex (DGC) in mechanosignaling provides an overview of the various components of DGC and potential mechanopathogenic mechanisms, particularly as they relate to muscular dystrophy.
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Anti-Aging Effect and Mechanism of Proanthocyanidins Extracted from Sea buckthorn on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Aging Human Skin Fibroblasts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101900. [PMID: 36290623 PMCID: PMC9598642 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the leading cause of skin aging damage. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) triggers a decrease in collagen synthesis and an increase in collagen degradation, which are biomarkers of skin aging. We evaluated the potential protective mechanism of Sea buckthorn proanthocyanidins (SBP) against the oxidative stress-induced skin aging process from multiple aspects. We treated human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) with 300 µmoL/L of H2O2 for 24 h, followed by 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL of SBP for 24 h. The results showed that SBP could enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), effectively remove excess ROS, and significantly improve the changes in cell morphology and viability caused by excessive ROS in skin cells. In addition, SBP could promote the synthesis of Col I in aging HSFs through the TGF-β1/Smads pathway and inhibit the degradation of Col I by regulating the MMPs/TIMPs system, thereby maintaining the stability of the ECM structure to achieve anti-aging purposes. Finally, we studied the migration ability of SBP, and the results showed that 100 µg/mL of SBP was most conducive to the cell migration of senescent cells, laying a foundation for follow-up animal experiments. These results will increase the application value of SBP in the cosmetic and antioxidative functional food industries.
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Kweon B, Kim DU, Oh JY, Oh H, Kim YC, Mun YJ, Bae GS, Park SJ. Arecae pericarpium water extract alleviates chronic pancreatitis by deactivating pancreatic stellate cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:941955. [PMID: 36105227 PMCID: PMC9465814 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.941955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pancreas with irreversible morphological changes. Arecae pericarpium (ARP), known to improve gastrointestinal disorders, has not yet been reported to inhibit fibrosis in CP. Therefore, we investigated the beneficial effects of ARP on cerulein-induced CP. Cerulein (50 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to mice every hour, six times a day, four times a week for a total of 3 weeks to induce CP. To ascertain the prophylactic effects of ARP, ARP water extract (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) or saline was administered intraperitoneally 1 h before the onset of CP. To determine the therapeutic effects of ARP, ARP water extract (200 mg/kg) or saline was administered for a total of 1 week or 2 weeks, starting 2 weeks or 1 week after the onset of CP. The pancreas was collected immediately for histological analysis. Additionally, to determine the effectiveness and mechanism of ARP in alleviating pancreatic fibrosis, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were isolated. ARP treatment considerably improved glandular atrophy and inflammation and repressed collagen deposition in the pancreas. Furthermore, ARP water extract inhibited extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents such as alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and fibronectin 1 (FN1) in pancreatic tissue and PSCs. ARP also suppressed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling by inhibiting Smad2 phosphorylation. Our study suggests that ARP exhibits anti-fibrotic effects in cerulein-induced CP by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitna Kweon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Kim
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Yeun-Ja Mun
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Gi-Sang Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Gi-Sang Bae, ; Sung-Joo Park,
| | - Sung-Joo Park
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Gi-Sang Bae, ; Sung-Joo Park,
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Skin Anti-Aging Potential of Ipomoea pes-caprae Ethanolic Extracts on Promoting Cell Proliferation and Collagen Production in Human Fibroblasts (CCD-986sk Cells). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080969. [PMID: 36015117 PMCID: PMC9416280 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen loss in the skin dermis is a major cause of age-related changes to the skin. Natural phytochemical substances are desirable for the prevention of skin aging and the formation of wrinkles. Ipomoea pes-caprae (IPC) has been utilized for nutritional and therapeutic purposes, and its extract contains collagenase inhibitory activity while causing no cytotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of IPC extracts on cell proliferation and collagen production in human fibroblasts (CCD-986sk cells). IPC leaves were macerated in 70% and 95% ethanol and the chemical composition of the resulting extracts (IPC70 and IPC95) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The bioactivity of IPC extracts was examined in CCD-986sk cells, including antioxidant capacity, inhibition of collagenase, effects on cell proliferation and collagen production, as well as wound healing using an in vitro scratch test. Changes in expression of collagen type I (COL1A1), tumor growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), and beta-fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) genes were also evaluated. The antioxidant and collagenase inhibitory properties of IPC extracts were associated with 3,5-di-caffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid. IPC extracts at noncytotoxic concentrations significantly increased cell proliferation, collagen production, and wound healing. These effects appear linked to the upregulation of COL1A1, TGFB1, and FGF2 genes. The bioactivity of the IPC70 extract was greater than that for IPC95. This is useful in cosmeceutical applications for human skin aging. Our findings indicate that IPC extracts have the potential for use in skin anti-aging cosmeceutical preparations.
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Fibrotic Scar in CNS Injuries: From the Cellular Origins of Fibroblasts to the Molecular Processes of Fibrotic Scar Formation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152371. [PMID: 35954214 PMCID: PMC9367779 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) trauma activates a persistent repair response that leads to fibrotic scar formation within the lesion. This scarring is similar to other organ fibrosis in many ways; however, the unique features of the CNS differentiate it from other organs. In this review, we discuss fibrotic scar formation in CNS trauma, including the cellular origins of fibroblasts, the mechanism of fibrotic scar formation following an injury, as well as the implication of the fibrotic scar in CNS tissue remodeling and regeneration. While discussing the shared features of CNS fibrotic scar and fibrosis outside the CNS, we highlight their differences and discuss therapeutic targets that may enhance regeneration in the CNS.
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Murase H, El-Sheikh Ali H, Ruby RE, Scoggin KE, Ball BA. Transcriptomic analysis of the chorioallantois in equine premature placental separation. Equine Vet J 2022; 55:405-418. [PMID: 35622344 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine premature placental separation (PPS) is poorly understood and represents an important risk factor for fetal/neonatal hypoxia. OBJECTIVES To examine transcriptomic changes in the chorioallantois (CA) from mares with clinical PPS compared to the CA from normal foaling mares. Differential gene expression was determined and gene ontology as well as molecular pathways related to PPS were characterised. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case: control study. METHODS CA were collected from Thoroughbred mares with a clinical history of PPS (n=33) and from control Thoroughbred mares (n=4) with normal parturition for examination of transcriptional changes in the placenta associated with PPS. Transcriptomic changes in the villous CA near the cervical star were determined by Illumina® sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analysis. PPS samples were divided by k-means clustering, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each PPS cluster were identified by comparing to controls. Shared DEGs between PPS clusters were used for gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis. RESULTS A total of 1204 DEGs were identified between PPS and control. Gene ontology revealed extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion, and pathway analysis revealed fatty acid, p-53, hypoxia, and inflammation. Eleven key regulator genes of PPS including growth factors (IGF1, TGFB2, TGFB3), transcription factors (HIF1A, JUNB, SMAD3), and transmembrane receptors (FGFR1, TNFRSF1A, TYROBP) were also identified. MAIN LIMITATIONS The use of clinical history of PPS, in the absence of other criteria, may have led to misidentification of some cases as PPS. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis indicated that changes in ECM and cell adhesion were important factors in equine PPS. Key predicted upstream events include genes associated with hypoxia, inflammation and growth factors related to the pathogenesis of equine PPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harutaka Murase
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Equine Science Division, Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Urakawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Rebecca E Ruby
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barry A Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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