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Frelinger AL, Haynes RL, Goldstein RD, Berny-Lang MA, Gerrits AJ, Riehs M, Haas EA, Paunovic B, Mena OJ, Campman SC, Milne GL, Sleeper LA, Kinney HC, Michelson AD. Dysregulation of platelet serotonin, 14-3-3, and GPIX in sudden infant death syndrome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11092. [PMID: 38750089 PMCID: PMC11096399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of post-neonatal infant mortality, but the underlying cause(s) are unclear. A subset of SIDS infants has abnormalities in the neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) and the adaptor molecule, 14-3-3 pathways in regions of the brain involved in gasping, response to hypoxia, and arousal. To evaluate our hypothesis that SIDS is, at least in part, a multi-organ dysregulation of 5-HT, we examined whether blood platelets, which have 5-HT and 14-3-3 signaling pathways similar to brain neurons, are abnormal in SIDS. We also studied platelet surface glycoprotein IX (GPIX), a cell adhesion receptor which is physically linked to 14-3-3. In infants dying of SIDS compared to infants dying of known causes, we found significantly higher intra-platelet 5-HT and 14-3-3 and lower platelet surface GPIX. Serum and plasma 5-HT were also elevated in SIDS compared to controls. The presence in SIDS of both platelet and brainstem 5-HT and 14-3-3 abnormalities suggests a global dysregulation of these pathways and the potential for platelets to be used as a model system to study 5-HT and 14-3-3 interactions in SIDS. Platelet and serum biomarkers may aid in the forensic determination of SIDS and have the potential to be predictive of SIDS risk in living infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Karp 08212, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-5737, USA.
| | - Robin L Haynes
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Goldstein
- Robert's Program on Sudden Unexpected Death in Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Michelle A Berny-Lang
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anja J Gerrits
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly Riehs
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Othon J Mena
- County of Ventura Medical Examiner's Office, Ventura, CA, USA
| | - Steven C Campman
- County of San Diego Medical Examiner's Office, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lynn A Sleeper
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah C Kinney
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Dicenta V, Pelzer A, Laspa Z, Castor T, Gawaz MP, Rohlfing AK. The subtilisin-like protease furin regulates hemin-induced CD63 surface expression on platelets. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 701:149629. [PMID: 38330730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation of free heme B in the plasma can be the result of severe hemolytic events, when the scavenger system for free hemoglobin and heme B is overwhelmed. Free heme B can be oxidized into toxic hemin, which has been proven to activate platelet degranulation and aggregation and promote thrombosis. In the present study we analyzed the effect of hemin on the activation-mediated lysosomal degranulation and CD63 surface expression on platelets using classic flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy techniques. Classical platelet activators were used as control to distinguish the novel effects of hemin from known activation pathways. CD63 is a tetraspanin protein, also known as lysosomal-associated membrane protein 3 or LAMP-3. In resting platelets CD63 is located within the membrane of delta granules and lysosomes of platelet, from where it is integrated into the platelet outer membrane upon stimulation. We were able to show that hemin like the endogenous platelet activators ADP, collagen or thrombin does provoke CD63 re-localization. Interestingly, only hemin-induced CD63 externalization is dependent on the subtilisin-like pro-protein convertase furin as shown by inhibitor experiments. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that hemin induces lysosome secretion, a source of the hemin-mediated CD63 presentation. Again, only the hemin-induced lysosome degranulation is furin dependent. In summary we have shown that the pro-protein convertase furin plays an important role in hemin-mediated lysosomal degranulation and CD63 externalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Dicenta
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Pelzer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zoi Laspa
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Castor
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Paul Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Rohlfing
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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3
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Castaño N, Chua K, Kaushik A, Kim S, Cordts SC, Nafarzadegan CD, Hofmann GH, Seastedt H, Schuetz JP, Dunham D, Parsons ES, Tsai M, Cao S, Desai M, Sindher SB, Chinthrajah RS, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC, Tang SK. Combining avidin with CD63 improves basophil activation test accuracy in classifying peanut allergy. Allergy 2024; 79:445-455. [PMID: 37916710 PMCID: PMC10842984 DOI: 10.1111/all.15930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional basophil activation tests (BATs) measure basophil activation by the increased expression of CD63. Previously, fluorophore-labeled avidin, a positively-charged molecule, was found to bind to activated basophils, which tend to expose negatively charged granule constituents during degranulation. This study further compares avidin versus CD63 as basophil activation biomarkers in classifying peanut allergy. METHODS Seventy subjects with either a peanut allergy (N = 47), a food allergy other than peanut (N = 6), or no food allergy (N = 17) were evaluated. We conducted BATs in response to seven peanut extract (PE) concentrations (0.01-10,000 ng/mL) and four control conditions (no stimulant, anti-IgE, fMLP (N-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine), and anti-FcεRI). We measured avidin binding and CD63 expression on basophils with flow cytometry. We evaluated logistic regression and XGBoost models for peanut allergy classification and feature identification. RESULTS Avidin binding was correlated with CD63 expression. Both markers discriminated between subjects with and without a peanut allergy. Although small by percentage, an avidin+ /CD63- cell subset was found in all allergic subjects tested, indicating that the combination of avidin and CD63 could allow a more comprehensive identification of activated basophils. Indeed, we obtained the best classification accuracy (97.8% sensitivity, 96.7% specificity) by combining avidin and CD63 across seven PE doses. Similar accuracy was obtained by combining PE dose of 10,000 ng/mL for avidin and PE doses of 10 and 100 ng/mL for CD63. CONCLUSIONS Avidin and CD63 are reliable BAT activation markers associated with degranulation. Their combination enhances the identification of activated basophils and improves the classification accuracy of peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaiser Chua
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University
| | - Abhinav Kaushik
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University
- Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University
| | - Sungu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University
| | - Seth C. Cordts
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University
| | - Ceena D. Nafarzadegan
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University
| | | | - Hana Seastedt
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University
| | - Jackson P. Schuetz
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University
| | - Diane Dunham
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University
| | - Ella S. Parsons
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University
| | - Shu Cao
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University
| | - Manisha Desai
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University
- Department of Medicine, Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University
| | - Sayantani B. Sindher
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Stanford University
| | - R. Sharon Chinthrajah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Stanford University
| | - Stephen J. Galli
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University
- Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University
| | - Sindy K.Y. Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University
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Wei J, Zhang S, Yuan J, Wang Z, Zong S, Cui Y. Nanoscale imaging of tumor cell exosomes by expansion single molecule localization microscopy (ExSMLM). Talanta 2023; 261:124641. [PMID: 37187025 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell exosomes play a very important role in the process of tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. However, due to the nanoscale size and high heterogeneity of exosomes, in-depth understanding of their appearance and biological characteristics is still lacking. Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a method that embeds biological samples in a swellable gel to physically magnify the samples to improve the imaging resolution. Before the emergence of ExM, scientists had invented several super-resolution imaging techniques that could break the diffraction limit. Among them, single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) usually has the best spatial resolution (20-50 nm). However, considering the small size of exosomes (30-150 nm), the resolution of SMLM is still not high enough for detailed imaging of exosomes. Hence, we propose a tumor cell exosomes imaging method that combines ExM and SMLM (i.e. Expansion SMLM, denoted as ExSMLM), which can realize the expansion and super-resolution imaging of tumor cell exosomes. In this technique, immunofluorescence was first performed to fluorescently label the protein markers on the exosomes, then the exosomes were polymerized into a swellable polyelectrolyte gel. The electrolytic nature of the gel made the fluorescently labeled exosomes undergo isotropic linear physical expansion. The expansion factor obtained in the experiment was about 4.6. Finally, SMLM imaging of the expanded exosomes was performed. Owing to the improved resolution of ExSMLM, nanoscale substructures of closely packed proteins were observed on single exosomes, which has never been achieved before. With such a high resolution, ExSMLM would have a great potential in detailed investigation of exosomes and exosome-related biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Wei
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyao Zhang
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangnan Yuan
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuyuan Wang
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenfei Zong
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yiping Cui
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Bui S, Dancourt J, Lavieu G. Virus-Free Method to Control and Enhance Extracellular Vesicle Cargo Loading and Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1081-1091. [PMID: 36781171 PMCID: PMC10031566 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs)─including exosomes and microvesicles─are involved in cell-cell communication. EVs encapsulate different types of molecules such as proteins or nucleotides and are long-lasting contenders for the establishment of personalized drug delivery systems. Recent studies suggest that the intrinsic capacities for uptake and cargo delivery of basic EVs might be too limited to serve as a potent delivery system. Here, we develop two synergistic methods to, respectively, control EV cargo loading and enhance EV cargo delivery through fusion without requirement for any viral fusogenic protein. Briefly, cargo loading is enabled through a reversible drug-inducible system that triggers the interaction between a cargo of interest and CD63, a well-established transmembrane EV marker. Enhanced cargo delivery is promoted by overexpressing Syncytin-1, an endogenous retrovirus envelop protein with fusogenic properties encoded by the human genome. We validate our bioengineered EVs in a qualitative and quantitative manner. Finally, we utilize this method to develop highly potent killer EVs, which contain a lethal toxin responsible for protein translation arrest and acceptor cell death. These advanced methods and future downstream applications may open promising doors in the manufacture of virus-free and EV-based delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Bui
- INSERM U1316, CNRS UMR 7057, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Julia Dancourt
- INSERM U1316, CNRS UMR 7057, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gregory Lavieu
- INSERM U1316, CNRS UMR 7057, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
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6
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LENG D, YAMADA S, CHIBA Y, YONEYAMA S, SAKAI Y, HIKONO H, MURAKAMI K. Co-administration of a plasmid encoding CD40 or CD63 enhances the immune responses to a DNA vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus in mice. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1175-1184. [PMID: 35793950 PMCID: PMC9523294 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes substantial economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide. Plasmids encoding the BVDV E2 protein are potential DNA vaccines against BVDV, but their immunogenicity has been insufficient. Here, we investigated the adjuvant effect of CD40 and CD63 plasmids on the immune responses to a BVDV E2 DNA vaccine in mice. We constructed pUMVC4a-based plasmids encoding the BVDV E2 protein (pE2), mouse CD40 (pCD40), or mouse CD63 (pCD63). Protein expression by each plasmid was confirmed through Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining of cultured cell lines. BALB/c mice were immunized intradermally twice with pE2 in combination with, or without, pCD40 or pCD63, with 3 weeks between the two doses. pE2 with pCD40 induced significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers against BVDV than pE2 alone. pE2 with pCD63 induced significantly higher anti-E2 IgG2a antibody titers than pE2 alone. Furthermore, pE2 with pCD40 or pCD63 induced significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation and interferon (IFN)-γ production in response to BVDV, compared with E2 alone. These results suggest that a plasmid encoding CD40 or CD63 can be used as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses to DNA vaccines against BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongze LENG
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shinji YAMADA
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yusuke CHIBA
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Syuji YONEYAMA
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yusuke SAKAI
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Kenji MURAKAMI
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
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7
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Griffiths G, Gruenberg J, Marsh M, Wohlmann J, Jones AT, Parton RG. Nanoparticle entry into cells; the cell biology weak link. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114403. [PMID: 35777667 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) are attractive options for the therapeutic delivery of active pharmaceutical drugs, proteins and nucleic acids into cells, tissues and organs. Research into the development and application of NP most often starts with a diverse group of scientists, including chemists, bioengineers and material and pharmaceutical scientists, who design, fabricate and characterize NP in vitro (Stage 1). The next step (Stage 2) generally investigates cell toxicity as well as the processes by which NP bind, are internalized and deliver their cargo to appropriate model tissue culture cells. Subsequently, in Stage 3, selected NP are tested in animal systems, mostly mouse. Whereas the chemistry-based development and analysis in Stage 1 is increasingly sophisticated, the investigations in Stage 2 are not what could be regarded as 'state-of-the-art' for the cell biology field and the quality of research into NP interactions with cells is often sub-standard. In this review we describe our current understanding of the mechanisms by which particles gain entry into mammalian cells via endocytosis. We summarize the most important areas for concern, highlight some of the most common mis-conceptions, and identify areas where NP scientists could engage with trained cell biologists. Our survey of the different mechanisms of uptake into cells makes us suspect that claims for roles for caveolae, as well as macropinocytosis, in NP uptake into cells have been exaggerated, whereas phagocytosis has been under-appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Griffiths
- Department Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, PO Box 1041, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Mark Marsh
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jens Wohlmann
- Department Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, PO Box 1041, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, Cardiff, Wales CF103NB, UK
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
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8
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Okada-Tsuchioka M, Kajitani N, Omori W, Kurashige T, Boku S, Takebayashi M. Tetraspanin heterogeneity of small extracellular vesicles in human biofluids and brain tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 627:146-151. [PMID: 36037746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles released from most cell types delimited by a lipid bilayer. Small EVs (sEVs) are nanosized (<200 nm) and include exosomes. Brain-derived sEVs may provide a source for new biomarkers of brain status. CD9, CD63, and CD81 are major members of the tetraspanin family frequently used as sEV markers. However, according to a recent report, tetraspanins were not equally expressed in all sEVs, but rather show heterogeneity that reflects the expression levels in their secretory cells. We therefore investigated tetraspanin heterogeneity of sEVs in biofluids commonly used for clinical laboratory tests, and those in the brain. Expression levels and distributions of CD9, CD63 and CD81 on sEVs were determined in serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from each healthy donor, and in post-mortem brain tissue samples. We found heterogeneous mixes of sEVs with various tetraspanin combinations among sEVs, and the predominant types and heterogeneous patterns of tetraspanins were specific to sample type. Hierarchical clustering revealed that brain sEVs were similar to those in the CSF, but different from those in peripheral blood. Our findings both provide basic information and contribute to the development of biomarkers for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Okada-Tsuchioka
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, 737-0023, Japan.
| | - Naoto Kajitani
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, 737-0023, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Wataru Omori
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, 737-0023, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurashige
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Minoru Takebayashi
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, 737-0023, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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9
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Kondo K, Harada Y, Nakano M, Suzuki T, Fukushige T, Hanzawa K, Yagi H, Takagi K, Mizuno K, Miyamoto Y, Taniguchi N, Kato K, Kanekura T, Dohmae N, Machida K, Maruyama I, Inoue H. Identification of distinct N-glycosylation patterns on extracellular vesicles from small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101950. [PMID: 35447118 PMCID: PMC9117544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagine-linked glycosylation (N-glycosylation) of proteins in the cancer secretome has been gaining increasing attention as a potential biomarker for cancer detection and diagnosis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) constitute a large part of the cancer secretome, yet little is known about whether their N-glycosylation status reflects known cancer characteristics. Here, we investigated the N-glycosylation of sEVs released from small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. We found that the N-glycans of SCLC-sEVs were characterized by the presence of structural units also found in the brain N-glycome, while NSCLC-sEVs were dominated by typical lung-type N-glycans with NSCLC-associated core fucosylation. In addition, lectin-assisted N-glycoproteomics of SCLC-sEVs and NSCLC-sEVs revealed that integrin αV was commonly expressed in sEVs of both cancer cell types, while the epithelium-specific integrin α6β4 heterodimer was selectively expressed in NSCLC-sEVs. Importantly, N-glycomics of the immuno-purified integrin α6 from NSCLC-sEVs identified NSCLC-type N-glycans on this integrin subunit. Thus, we conclude that protein N-glycosylation in lung cancer sEVs may potentially reflect the histology of lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Kondo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Harada
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan.
| | - Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fukushige
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ken Hanzawa
- Departiment of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Koichi Takagi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Miyamoto
- Departiment of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kentaro Machida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
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10
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Bourguignon A, Tasneem S, Hayward CP. Screening and diagnosis of inherited platelet disorders. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2022; 59:405-444. [PMID: 35341454 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2049199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inherited platelet disorders are important conditions that often manifest with bleeding. These disorders have heterogeneous underlying pathologies. Some are syndromic disorders with non-blood phenotypic features, and others are associated with an increased predisposition to developing myelodysplasia and leukemia. Platelet disorders can present with thrombocytopenia, defects in platelet function, or both. As the underlying pathogenesis of inherited thrombocytopenias and platelet function disorders are quite diverse, their evaluation requires a thorough clinical assessment and specialized diagnostic tests, that often challenge diagnostic laboratories. At present, many of the commonly encountered, non-syndromic platelet disorders do not have a defined molecular cause. Nonetheless, significant progress has been made over the past few decades to improve the diagnostic evaluation of inherited platelet disorders, from the assessment of the bleeding history to improved standardization of light transmission aggregometry, which remains a "gold standard" test of platelet function. Some platelet disorder test findings are highly predictive of a bleeding disorder and some show association to symptoms of prolonged bleeding, surgical bleeding, and wound healing problems. Multiple assays can be required to diagnose common and rare platelet disorders, each requiring control of preanalytical, analytical, and post-analytical variables. The laboratory investigations of platelet disorders include evaluations of platelet counts, size, and morphology by light microscopy; assessments for aggregation defects; tests for dense granule deficiency; analyses of granule constituents and their release; platelet protein analysis by immunofluorescent staining or flow cytometry; tests of platelet procoagulant function; evaluations of platelet ultrastructure; high-throughput sequencing and other molecular diagnostic tests. The focus of this article is to review current methods for the diagnostic assessment of platelet function, with a focus on contemporary, best diagnostic laboratory practices, and relationships between clinical and laboratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bourguignon
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Subia Tasneem
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Catherine P Hayward
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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11
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Zhao AG, Shah K, Cromer B, Sumer H. Comparative analysis of extracellular vesicles isolated from human mesenchymal stem cells by different isolation methods and visualisation of their uptake. Exp Cell Res 2022; 414:113097. [PMID: 35276207 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Various types of cells secrete extracellular vesicle (EVs) which contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acids and play important roles in inter-cellular signalling and pathological processes to impact the recipient cells. EVs have demonstrated their potential as biomarkers for disease and as therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine. In recent times, EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are widely used as a promising medicinal product in many clinical applications, are being tested in many preclinical trials. However, the lack of standardization of MSC-derived EV isolation and analysis methods, restricts the utility of MSC-derived EVs in the clinical setting. Here, we focused on optimising the isolation method for EVs derived from MSCs. Four samples of EVs were isolated from human adipose derived MSC culture medium by differential ultracentrifugation with three different ultracentrifuge durations to investigate the influence of ultracentrifuge time on quality and quantity of MSC-derived EVs. Additionally, we used a commercial kit to extract EVs from MSC cultured medium and compared it with the ultracentrifugation method. The EV samples were then characterised for particle concentration, protein concentration, size distribution and the presence of known EV protein markers, by western blot and flow cytometry. A comparison of these results for the five samples demonstrated that 1 h of differential ultracentrifugation was optimal to isolate high quality and quantity of MSC-derived EVs from MSC cultured medium. Additionally, fluorescence imaging of the freshly isolated vs frozen EVs showed that freshly isolated EVs are taken up by cells more efficiently than frozen EVs. These finding establish a simple and reliable method of EV isolation from MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley G Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Kiran Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia; Australian Veterinary Stem Cells and Magellan Stem Cells P/L, 116-118 Thames St, Box Hill, VIC, 3129, Australia
| | - Brett Cromer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Huseyin Sumer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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12
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Triantafyllou A, Ruggles N. Lysosomal and cytoskeletal events in epithelial salivary tumours as assessed by imunohistochemistry for CD63 and HSP27. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 229:153691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Liyanage DS, Omeka WKM, Yang H, Lim C, Kwon H, Choi CY, Lee J. Expression profiling, immune functions, and molecular characteristics of the tetraspanin molecule CD63 from Amphiprion clarkii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104168. [PMID: 34118281 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CD63, a member of the tetraspanin family, is involved in the activation of immune cells, antiviral immunity, and signal transduction. The economically important anemonefishes Amphiprion sp. often face disease outbreaks, and the present study aimed to characterize CD63 in Amphiprion clarkii (denoted AcCD63) to enable better disease management. The in-silico analysis revealed that the AcCD63 transcript is 723 bp long and encodes 240 amino acids. The 26.2 kDa protein has a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.51. Similar to other tetraspanins, AcCD63 consists of four domains: short N-/C-terminal domains and small/large extracellular loops. Pairwise sequence alignment revealed that AcCD63 has the highest identity (100%) and similarity (99.2%) with CD63 from Amphiprion ocellaris. Multiple sequence alignment identified a conserved tetraspanin CCG motif, PXSCC motif, and C-terminal lysosome-targeting GYEVM motif. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that AcCD63 was highly expressed in the spleen and head kidney tissue, with low levels of expression in the liver. Temporal expression patterns of AcCD63 were measured in the head kidney and blood tissue after injection of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)), lipolysacharides (LPS), or Vibrio harveyi (V. harveyi). AcCD63 was upregulated at 12 h post-injection with poly (I:C) or V. harveyi, and at 24 h post-injection with all stimulants in the head kidney. At 24 h post-injection, poly (I:C) and LPS upregulated, whereas V. harveyi downregulated AcCD63 expression in the blood. All viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus transcripts (M, G, N, RdRp, P, and NV) were downregulated in response to AcCD63 overexpression, and removal of viral particles occurred via the involvement of AcCD63. The expression of antiviral genes MX dynamin-like GTPase 1, interferon regulatory factor 3, interferon-stimulated gene 15, interferon-gamma, and viperin in CD63-overexpressing fathead minnow cells was downregulated. Collectively, our findings suggest that AcCD63 is an immunologically important gene involved in the A. clarkii pathogen stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaehyeon Lim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Kwon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Revel-Vilk S, Naamad M, Frydman D, Freund MR, Dinur T, Istaiti M, Becker-Cohen M, Falk R, Broide E, Michelson AD, Frelinger AL, Zimran A. Platelet Activation and Reactivity in a Large Cohort of Patients with Gaucher Disease. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:951-960. [PMID: 34507369 DOI: 10.1055/a-1642-4206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with Gaucher disease (GD) are at increased risk of bleeding and have varying degrees of thrombocytopenia, making the analysis of platelet function difficult. This study aimed to provide a clinically relevant quantitative assessment of platelet function and determine its relationship with bleeding and GD-related data. METHODS Unstimulated and stimulated platelet function was measured by whole blood flow cytometry of platelet surface-activated αIIbβ3 integrin (detected with monoclonal antibody PAC1), P-selectin (CD62P), and lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP3/CD63) in 149 GD patients. RESULTS GD patients had a higher level of unstimulated CD63 expression than healthy subjects, which was mildly correlated with glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) levels (r = 0.17, p-value = 0.042). Splenectomized GD patients had a higher level of unstimulated αIIbβ3 integrin and P-selectin expression. Reduced platelet reactivity (-2 standard deviation of reference range) was found in 79 (53%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 44-61%) patients, of whom 10 (6.7%, 95% CI: 3.3-12%) had more severe platelet dysfunction. In a multivariate model, only lyso-Gb1 levels were associated with the more severe platelet dysfunction. Fifty-four (49%) of 128 adult patients who completed the bleeding tendency questionnaire reported positive bleeding history. In a multivariate logistic model, older age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.1) and low P-selectin reactivity (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.25-3.35) were associated with more than one bleeding manifestation. CONCLUSION Flow cytometry enables the study of platelet function in thrombocytopenic GD patients. A platelet degranulation defect, but not αIIbβ3 integrin activation defect, is associated with clinical bleeding. In vivo increased CD63 expression may be related to GD-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Revel-Vilk
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mira Naamad
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dafna Frydman
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Tama Dinur
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Roni Falk
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eti Broide
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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15
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Justo BL, Jasiulionis MG. Characteristics of TIMP1, CD63, and β1-Integrin and the Functional Impact of Their Interaction in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179319. [PMID: 34502227 PMCID: PMC8431149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteases 1, also known as TIMP-1, is named for its well-established function of inhibiting the proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteases. Given this function, many studies were carried out to verify if TIMP-1 was able to interrupt processes such as tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In contrast, many studies have shown that TIMP-1 expression is increased in several types of tumors, and this increase was correlated with a poor prognosis and lower survival in cancer patients. Later, it was shown that TIMP-1 is also able to modulate cell behavior through the induction of signaling pathways involved in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of the pleiotropic functions of TIMP-1 are still poorly understood. Thus, this review aimed to present literature data that show its ability to form a membrane complex with CD63 and β1-integrin, and point to N-glycosylation as a potential regulatory mechanism of the functions exerted by TIMP-1. This article reviewed the characteristics and functions performed individually by TIMP1, CD63, and β1-integrin, the roles of the TIMP-1/CD63/β1-integrin complex, both in a physiological context and in cancer, and the regulatory mechanisms involved in its assembly.
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16
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Santos MF, Rappa G, Karbanová J, Fontana S, Bella MAD, Pope MR, Parrino B, Cascioferro SM, Vistoli G, Diana P, Cirrincione G, Arena GO, Woo G, Huang K, Huynh T, Moschetti M, Alessandro R, Corbeil D, Lorico A. Itraconazole inhibits nuclear delivery of extracellular vesicle cargo by disrupting the entry of late endosomes into the nucleoplasmic reticulum. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12132. [PMID: 34429859 PMCID: PMC8363911 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of intercellular communication under both healthy and pathological conditions, including the induction of pro-metastatic traits, but it is not yet known how and where functional cargoes of EVs are delivered to their targets in host cell compartments. We have described that after endocytosis, EVs reach Rab7+ late endosomes and a fraction of these enter the nucleoplasmic reticulum and transport EV biomaterials to the host cell nucleoplasm. Their entry therein and docking to outer nuclear membrane occur through a tripartite complex formed by the proteins VAP-A, ORP3 and Rab7 (VOR complex). Here, we report that the antifungal compound itraconazole (ICZ), but not its main metabolite hydroxy-ICZ or ketoconazole, disrupts the binding of Rab7 to ORP3-VAP-A complexes, leading to inhibition of EV-mediated pro-metastatic morphological changes including cell migration behaviour of colon cancer cells. With novel, smaller chemical drugs, inhibition of the VOR complex was maintained, although the ICZ moieties responsible for antifungal activity and interference with intracellular cholesterol distribution were removed. Knowing that cancer cells hijack their microenvironment and that EVs derived from them determine the pre-metastatic niche, small-sized inhibitors of nuclear transfer of EV cargo into host cells could find cancer therapeutic applications, particularly in combination with direct targeting of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F. Santos
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Germana Rappa
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Centre and Centre for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | | | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Stella Maria Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Goffredo O. Arena
- Department of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Fondazione Istituto G. GiglioCefalùItaly
| | - Gyunghwi Woo
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Kevin Huang
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Tony Huynh
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Marta Moschetti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)National Research Council (CNR)PalermoItaly
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Centre and Centre for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
- Mediterranean Institute of OncologyViagrandeItaly
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17
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De Pace R, Britt DJ, Mercurio J, Foster AM, Djavaherian L, Hoffmann V, Abebe D, Bonifacino JS. Synaptic Vesicle Precursors and Lysosomes Are Transported by Different Mechanisms in the Axon of Mammalian Neurons. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107775. [PMID: 32553155 PMCID: PMC7478246 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BORC is a multisubunit complex previously shown to promote coupling of mammalian lysosomes and C. elegans synaptic vesicle (SV) precursors (SVPs) to kinesins for anterograde transport of these organelles along microtubule tracks. We attempted to meld these observations into a unified model for axonal transport in mammalian neurons by testing two alternative hypotheses: (1) that SV and lysosomal proteins are co-transported within a single type of “lysosome-related vesicle” and (2) that SVPs and lysosomes are distinct organelles, but both depend on BORC for axonal transport. Analyses of various types of neurons from wild-type rats and mice, as well as from BORC-deficient mice, show that neither hypothesis is correct. We find that SVPs and lysosomes are transported separately, but only lysosomes depend on BORC for axonal transport in these neurons. These findings demonstrate that SVPs and lysosomes are distinct organelles that rely on different machineries for axonal transport in mammalian neurons. De Pace et al. show that lysosomes and synaptic vesicle precursors (SVPs) are distinct organelles that move separately from the soma to the axon in rat and mouse neurons. Moreover, they demonstrate that the BLOC-1-related complex (BORC) is required for the transport of lysosomes but not SVPs in mouse neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dylan J Britt
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey Mercurio
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arianne M Foster
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lucas Djavaherian
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Abebe
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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18
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Nisar S, Yousuf P, Masoodi T, Wani NA, Hashem S, Singh M, Sageena G, Mishra D, Kumar R, Haris M, Bhat AA, Macha MA. Chemokine-Cytokine Networks in the Head and Neck Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094584. [PMID: 33925575 PMCID: PMC8123862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are aggressive diseases with a dismal patient prognosis. Despite significant advances in treatment modalities, the five-year survival rate in patients with HNSCC has improved marginally and therefore warrants a comprehensive understanding of the HNSCC biology. Alterations in the cellular and non-cellular components of the HNSCC tumor micro-environment (TME) play a critical role in regulating many hallmarks of cancer development including evasion of apoptosis, activation of invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, response to therapy, immune escape mechanisms, deregulation of energetics, and therefore the development of an overall aggressive HNSCC phenotype. Cytokines and chemokines are small secretory proteins produced by neoplastic or stromal cells, controlling complex and dynamic cell-cell interactions in the TME to regulate many cancer hallmarks. This review summarizes the current understanding of the complex cytokine/chemokine networks in the HNSCC TME, their role in activating diverse signaling pathways and promoting tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (S.N.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Parvaiz Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal 191201, India;
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Genetikode 400102, India;
| | - Nissar A. Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal 191201, India;
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (S.N.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Mayank Singh
- Departmental of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | | | - Deepika Mishra
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Research, School of Biotechnology and Indian Council of Medical Research, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra 182320, India;
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (S.N.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A. Bhat
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (S.N.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.B.); or (M.A.M.); Tel.: +974-40037703 (A.A.B.); +91-8082326900 (M.A.M.)
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora 192122, India
- Correspondence: (A.A.B.); or (M.A.M.); Tel.: +974-40037703 (A.A.B.); +91-8082326900 (M.A.M.)
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19
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Mukhopadhya A, Santoro J, Moran B, Useckaite Z, O'Driscoll L. Optimisation and comparison of orthogonal methods for separation and characterisation of extracellular vesicles to investigate how representative infant milk formula is of milk. Food Chem 2021; 353:129309. [PMID: 33725545 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many infants are fed infant milk formula (IMF). However, IMF production from skim milk (SM) involves harsh treatment. So, we hypothesised that the quantity and/or quality of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in IMF may be reduced. Thus, firstly, we aimed to optimise separation of EVs from IMF and SM and, secondly, we aimed to compare the EV isolates from these two sources. Prior to EV isolation, abundant casein micelles of similar sizes to EVs were removed by treating milk samples with either acetic acid or hydrochloric acid. Samples progressed to differential ultracentrifugation (DUC) or gradient ultracentrifugation (GUC). EV characterisation included BCA, SDS-PAGE, nanoparticle tracking (NTA), electron microscopy (TEM), immunoblotting, and imaging flow cytometry (IFCM). Reduced EV concentrations were found in IMF. SM-derived EVs were intact, while IMF contained disrupted EV-like structures. EV biomarkers were more abundant with isolates from SM, indicating EV proteins in IMF are compromised. Altogether, a suitable method combining acid pre-treatment with GUC for EV separation from milk products was developed. EVs appear to be substantially compromised in IMF compared to SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Mukhopadhya
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin and Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jessie Santoro
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin and Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Barry Moran
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Zivile Useckaite
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin and Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin and Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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20
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Odaka H, Hiemori K, Shimoda A, Akiyoshi K, Tateno H. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are increased in sera of Alzheimer's disease patients, as revealed by Tim4-based assays. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:741-752. [PMID: 33345458 PMCID: PMC7931225 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the accumulation of β‐amyloid plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane, which may be involved in the progression of AD. Glycans are essential building blocks of EVs, and we hypothesized that EV glycans may reflect pathological conditions of various diseases. Here, we performed glycan profiling of EVs prepared from sera of three AD patients (APs) compared to three healthy donors (HDs) using lectin microarray. Distinct glycan profiles were observed. Mannose‐binding lectins exhibited significantly higher signals for AP‐derived EVs than HD‐derived EVs. Lectin blotting using mannose‐binding lectin (rPALa) showed a single protein band at ~ 80 kDa exclusively in AP‐derived EVs. LC‐MS/MS analysis identified a protein band precipitated by rPALa as CD61, a marker of platelet‐derived exosomes (P‐Exo). Sandwich assays using Tim4 with specificity for phosphatidylserine on EVs and antibodies against P‐Exo markers (CD61, CD41, CD63, and CD9) revealed that P‐Exo is significantly elevated in sera of APs (n = 16) relative to age‐ and sex‐matched HDs (n = 16). Tim4‐αCD63 showed the highest value for the area under the curve (0.957) for discriminating APs from HDs, which should lead to a better understanding of AD pathology and may facilitate the development of a novel diagnostic method for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Odaka
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keiko Hiemori
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Asako Shimoda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
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Abstract
A novel tool for the presentation of peptides and small proteins on the surface of human cells has been developed. Our tANCHOR system utilizes tetraspanin anchors containing heterologous amino acid sequences inserted instead of the large extracellular loop. This technology allows a highly effective extracellular display of epitopes for antibody binding studies and many other potential applications.
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Harada Y, Nakajima K, Suzuki T, Fukushige T, Kondo K, Seino J, Ohkawa Y, Suzuki T, Inoue H, Kanekura T, Dohmae N, Taniguchi N, Maruyama I. Glycometabolic Regulation of the Biogenesis of Small Extracellular Vesicles. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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McKay TB, Hutcheon AEK, Zieske JD, Ciolino JB. Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Corneal Epithelial Cells Promote Myofibroblast Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051080. [PMID: 32357574 PMCID: PMC7290736 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelium mediates the initial response to injury of the ocular surface and secretes a number of profibrotic factors that promote corneal scar development within the stroma. Previous studies have shown that corneal epithelial cells also secrete small extracellular vesicles (EVs) in response to corneal wounding. In this paper, we hypothesized that EVs released from corneal epithelial cells in vitro contain protein cargo that promotes myofibroblast differentiation, the key cell responsible for scar development. We focused on the interplay between corneal epithelial-derived EVs and the stroma to determine if the corneal fibroblast phenotype, contraction, proliferation, or migration were promoted following vesicle uptake by corneal fibroblasts. Our results showed an increase in myofibroblast differentiation based on α-smooth muscle actin expression and elevated contractility following EV treatment compared to controls. Furthermore, we characterized the contents of epithelial cell-derived EVs using proteomic analysis and identified the presence of provisional matrix proteins, fibronectin and thrombospondin-1, as the dominant encapsulated protein cargo secreted by corneal epithelial cells in vitro. Proteins associated with the regulation of protein translation were also abundant in EVs. This paper reveals a novel role and function of EVs secreted by the corneal epithelium that may contribute to corneal scarring.
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Tarique I, Haseeb A, Bai X, Li W, Yang P, Huang Y, Yang S, Xu M, Zhang Y, Vistro WA, Fazlani SA, Chen Q. Cellular Evidence of CD63-Enriched Exosomes and Multivesicular Bodies within the Seminiferous Tubule during the Spermatogenesis of Turtles. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:148-156. [PMID: 31753050 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619015149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The seminiferous tubule (ST) is the location of spermatogenesis, where mature spermatozoa are produced with the assistance of Sertoli cells. The role of extracellular vesicles in the direct communication between Sertoli-germ cells in the ST is still not fully understood. In this study, we reported multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and their source of CD63-enriched exosomes by light and ultrastructure microscopy during the reproductive phases of turtles. Strong CD63 immunopositivity was detected at the basal region in the early and luminal regions of the ST during late spermatogenesis by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and western blot (WB) analysis. Labeling of CD63 was detected in the Sertoli cell cytoplasmic processes that surround the developing germ cells during early spermatogenesis and in the lumen of the ST with elongated spermatids during late spermatogenesis. Furthermore, ultrastructure analysis confirmed the existence of numerous MVBs in the Sertoli cell prolongations that surround the round and primary spermatogonia during acrosome biogenesis and with the embedded heads of spermatids in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells. Additionally, in spermatids, Chrysanthemum flower centers (CFCs) generated isolated membranes involved in MVBs and autophagosome formation, and their fusion to form amphiosomes was also observed. Additionally, autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine (after 24 h) increased CD63 protein signals during late spermatogenesis, as detected by IF and WB. Collectively, our study found MVBs and CD63 rich exosomes within the Sertoli cells and their response to autophagy inhibition in the ST during the spermatogenesis in the turtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Tarique
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Xuebing Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Wenqian Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Ping Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Mengdi Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Waseem Ali Vistro
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Surfaraz Ali Fazlani
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
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Fan S, Wu K, Luo C, Li X, Zhao M, Song D, Ma S, Zhu E, Chen Y, Ding H, Yi L, Li J, Zhao M, Chen J. Dual NDP52 Function in Persistent CSFV Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2962. [PMID: 31969869 PMCID: PMC6960106 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have evolved many mechanisms to escape host antiviral responses. Previously, we found that classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection induces autophagy using the autophagosome as a self-replication site, thereby evading the host immune response and promoting long-term infection. However, the underlying mechanisms used by CSFV to enter autophagosomes and the mechanism by which autophagy promotes viral replication remain unclear. We found that CSFV infection inhibited autophagy receptor nuclear dot protein 52 kDa (NDP52) expression, ubiquitination, and SUMO2-4 modification. Further analyses revealed that CSFV mediated ubiquitination and SUMOylation of NDP52 via Pten-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)-Parkin. Moreover, NDP52 inhibition also inhibited CSFV replication and the induction of mitophagy marker proteins expression. Inhibition of NDP52 reduced CD63 expression and binding to CSFV E2 protein, which has an essential role in persistent CSFV infection. As NDP52 has a close relationship with the NF-κB innate immunity pathway and plays an important role in the antiviral response, we investigated whether NDP52 inhibited CSFV replication through the release of immune factors and antivirus signals. Our results showed that inhibiting NDP52 boosted interferon and TNF release and promoted NF-κB pathway activation. In summary, we found that NDP52 inhibition not only reduces CSFV binding and entry into autophagic vesicles, but also inhibits CSFV replication by active NF-κB antiviral immune pathways. Our data reveal a novel mechanism by which NDP52, an autophagy receptor, mediates CSFV infection, and provide new avenues for the development of antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaowei Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengpo Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengming Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erpeng Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Peltanova B, Raudenska M, Masarik M. Effect of tumor microenvironment on pathogenesis of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:63. [PMID: 30927923 PMCID: PMC6441173 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of many different cell populations, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and various infiltrating immune cells, and non-cell components of extracellular matrix. These crucial parts of the surrounding stroma can function as both positive and negative regulators of all hallmarks of cancer development, including evasion of apoptosis, induction of angiogenesis, deregulation of the energy metabolism, resistance to the immune detection and destruction, and activation of invasion and metastasis. This review represents a summary of recent studies focusing on describing these effects of microenvironment on initiation and progression of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, focusing on oral squamous cell carcinoma, since it is becoming clear that an investigation of differences in stromal composition of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment and their impact on cancer development and progression may help better understand the mechanisms behind different responses to therapy and help define possible targets for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Peltanova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595,, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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28
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Dizon GV, Clarin MTR, Venault A, Tayo L, Chiang HC, Zheng J, Aimar P, Chang Y. A Nondestructive Surface Zwitterionization of Polydimethylsiloxane for the Improved Human Blood-inert Properties. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:39-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gian Vincent Dizon
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Maria Thea Rane Clarin
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Antoine Venault
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Lemmuel Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Heng-Chieh Chiang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nanxian Street, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Pierre Aimar
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
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29
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Angelova PR, Iversen KZ, Teschemacher AG, Kasparov S, Gourine AV, Abramov AY. Signal transduction in astrocytes: Localization and release of inorganic polyphosphate. Glia 2018; 66:2126-2136. [PMID: 30260496 PMCID: PMC6282517 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is present in every cell and is highly conserved from primeval times. In the mammalian cells, polyP plays multiple roles including control of cell bioenergetics and signal transduction. In the brain, polyP mediates signaling between astrocytes via activation of purinergic receptors, however, the mechanisms of polyP release remain unknown. Here we report identification of polyP-containing vesicles in cortical astrocytes and the main triggers that evoke vesicular polyP release. In cultured astrocytes, polyP was localized predominantly within the intracellular vesicular compartments which express vesicular nucleotide transporter VNUT (putative ATP-containing vesicles), but not within the compartments expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2). The number of lysosomes which contain polyP was dependent on the conditions of astrocytes. Release of polyP from a proportion of lysosomes could be induced by calcium ionophores. In contrast, polyP release from the VNUT-containing vesicles could be triggered by various physiological stimuli, such as pH changes, polyP induced polyP release and other stimuli which increase [Ca2+ ] i . These data suggest that astrocytes release polyP predominantly via exocytosis from the VNUT-containing vesicles. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamena R. Angelova
- Department of Molecular NeuroscienceUCL Institute of Neurology, Queen SquareLondon, WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathrine Z. Iversen
- Department of Molecular NeuroscienceUCL Institute of Neurology, Queen SquareLondon, WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
| | - Anja G. Teschemacher
- School of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Bristol, University WalkBristol, BS8 1TDUnited Kingdom
| | - Sergey Kasparov
- School of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Bristol, University WalkBristol, BS8 1TDUnited Kingdom
- Baltic Federal University2 Universitetskaya str, Kaliningrad, 236000Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonGower Street, London, WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrey Y. Abramov
- Department of Molecular NeuroscienceUCL Institute of Neurology, Queen SquareLondon, WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
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Arthropod EVs mediate dengue virus transmission through interaction with a tetraspanin domain containing glycoprotein Tsp29Fb. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6604-E6613. [PMID: 29946031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720125115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes dengue fever in humans, worldwide. Using in vitro cell lines derived from Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, the primary vectors of DENV, we report that DENV2/DENV3-infected cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, containing infectious viral RNA and proteins. A full-length DENV2 genome, detected in arthropod EVs, was infectious to naïve mosquito and mammalian cells, including human-skin keratinocytes and blood endothelial cells. Cryo-electron microscopy showed mosquito EVs with a size range from 30 to 250 nm. Treatments with RNase A, Triton X-100, and 4G2 antibody-bead binding assays showed that infectious DENV2-RNA and proteins are contained inside EVs. Viral plaque formation and dilution assays also showed securely contained infectious viral RNA and proteins in EVs are transmitted to human cells. Up-regulated HSP70 upon DENV2 infection showed no role in viral replication and transmission through EVs. In addition, qRT-PCR and immunoblotting results revealed that DENV2 up-regulates expression of a mosquito tetraspanin-domain-containing glycoprotein, designated as Tsp29Fb, in A. aegypti mosquitoes, cells, and EVs. RNAi-mediated silencing and antibody blocking of Tsp29Fb resulted in reduced DENV2 loads in both mosquito cells and EVs. Immunoprecipitation showed Tsp29Fb to directly interact with DENV2 E-protein. Furthermore, treatment with GW4869 (exosome-release inhibitor) affected viral burden, direct interaction of Tsp29Fb with E-protein and EV-mediated transmission of viral RNA and proteins to naïve human cells. In summary, we report a very important finding on EV-mediated transmission of DENV2 from arthropod to mammalian cells through interactions with an arthropod EVs-enriched marker Tsp29Fb.
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Gou H, Zhao M, Xu H, Yuan J, He W, Zhu M, Ding H, Yi L, Chen J. CSFV induced mitochondrial fission and mitophagy to inhibit apoptosis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39382-39400. [PMID: 28455958 PMCID: PMC5503620 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which causes typical clinical characteristics in piglets, including hemorrhagic syndrome and immunosuppression, is linked to hepatitis C and dengue virus. Oxidative stress and a reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential are disturbed in CSFV-infected cells. The balance of mitochondrial dynamics is essential for cellular homeostasis. In this study, we offer the first evidence that CSFV induces mitochondrial fission and mitophagy to inhibit host cell apoptosis for persistent infection. The formation of mitophagosomes and decline in mitochondrial mass relevant to mitophagy were detected in CSFV-infected cells. CSFV infection increased the expression and mitochondrial translocation of Pink and Parkin. Upon activation of the PINK1 and Parkin pathways, Mitofusin 2 (MFN2), a mitochondrial fusion mediator, was ubiquitinated and degraded in CSFV-infected cells. Mitophagosomes and mitophagolysosomes induced by CSFV were, respectively, observed by the colocalization of LC3-associated mitochondria with Parkin or lysosomes. In addition, a sensitive dual fluorescence reporter (mito-mRFP-EGFP) was utilized to analyze the delivery of mitophagosomes to lysosomes. Mitochondrial fission caused by CSFV infection was further determined by mitochondrial fragmentation and Drp1 translocation into mitochondria using a confocal microscope. The preservation of mitochondrial proteins, upregulated apoptotic signals and decline of viral replication resulting from the silencing of Drp1 and Parkin in CSFV-infected cells suggested that CSFV induced mitochondrial fission and mitophagy to enhance cell survival and viral persistence. Our data for mitochondrial fission and selective mitophagy in CSFV-infected cells reveal a unique view of the pathogenesis of CSFV infection and provide new avenues for the development of antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Gou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailuan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencheng He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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32
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Ogulur I, Kiykim A, Baris S, Ozen A, Yuce EG, Karakoc-Aydiner E. Basophil activation test for inhalant allergens in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 97:197-201. [PMID: 28483235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Flow cytometric quantification of in vitro basophil activation can be quite performant and reliable tool to measure IgE-dependent allergen-specific responses in allergic patients. Current study aimed to evaluate the clinical relevance of basophil activation test (BAT) for the diagnosis of pediatric grass pollen and house dust mite (HDM) allergies. METHODS Forty-seven patients suffering from allergic rhinitis with HDM and grass pollen co-sensitization with clinical history of allergic rhinitis and/or asthma and 15 non-allergic healthy subjects were enrolled. BAT was determined by flow cytometry upon double staining with anti-IgE/anti-CD63 mAb. RESULTS Regarding HDM with cut-off point greater than 12.5% for CD63+ basophils sensitivity and specificity of the BAT were 90% and 73%, with positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) as 0.70 and 0.91, respectively. The analysis of concordance of being either allergic or healthy in comparison to BAT results for HDM revealed a substantial concordance (κ index = 0.61, p < 0.001). Grass pollen with cut-off point greater than 11%, BAT attained a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 96%, 93%, 0.98, and 0.88, respectively. The analysis of concordance of being either allergic or healthy in comparison to BAT results for grass pollen revealed an almost perfect concordance (κ index = 0.87, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings concluded that BAT is reliable technique in the diagnosis of sensitization to grass pollen and HDM. The sensitivity of BAT in pollen allergic children was found to be remarkably higher in our cohort compared to other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ogulur
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Kiykim
- Marmara University Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safa Baris
- Marmara University Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Gizem Yuce
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Stolle AS, Norkowski S, Körner B, Schmitz J, Lüken L, Frankenberg M, Rüter C, Schmidt MA. T3SS-Independent Uptake of the Short-Trip Toxin-Related Recombinant NleC Effector of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Leads to NF-κB p65 Cleavage. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:119. [PMID: 28451521 PMCID: PMC5390045 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector proteins secreted by the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) of pathogenic bacteria have been shown to precisely modulate important signaling cascades of the host for the benefit of the pathogens. Among others, the non-LEE encoded T3SS effector protein NleC of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a Zn-dependent metalloprotease and suppresses innate immune responses by directly targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Many pathogenic bacteria release potent bacterial toxins of the A-B type, which-in contrast to the direct cytoplasmic injection of T3SS effector proteins-are released first into the environment. In this study, we found that NleC displays characteristics of bacterial A-B toxins, when applied to eukaryotic cells as a recombinant protein. Although lacking a B subunit, that typically mediates the uptake of toxins, recombinant NleC (rNleC) induces endocytosis via lipid rafts and follows the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. The conformation of rNleC is altered by low pH to facilitate its escape from acidified endosomes. This is reminiscent of the homologous A-B toxin AIP56 of the fish pathogen Photobacterium damselae piscicida (Phdp). The recombinant protease NleC is functional inside eukaryotic cells and cleaves p65 of the NF-κB pathway. Here, we describe the endocytic uptake mechanism of rNleC, characterize its intracellular trafficking and demonstrate that its specific activity of cleaving p65 requires activation of host cells e.g., by IL1β. Further, we propose an evolutionary link between some T3SS effector proteins and bacterial toxins from apparently unrelated bacteria. In summary, these properties might suggest rNleC as an interesting candidate for future applications as a potential therapeutic against immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Stolle
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Norkowski
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Britta Körner
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schmitz
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Lena Lüken
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Maj Frankenberg
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Christian Rüter
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - M Alexander Schmidt
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
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Termini CM, Gillette JM. Tetraspanins Function as Regulators of Cellular Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:34. [PMID: 28428953 PMCID: PMC5382171 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are molecular scaffolds that distribute proteins into highly organized microdomains consisting of adhesion, signaling, and adaptor proteins. Many reports have identified interactions between tetraspanins and signaling molecules, finding unique downstream cellular consequences. In this review, we will explore these interactions as well as the specific cellular responses to signal activation, focusing on tetraspanin regulation of adhesion-mediated (integrins/FAK), receptor-mediated (EGFR, TNF-α, c-Met, c-Kit), and intracellular signaling (PKC, PI4K, β-catenin). Additionally, we will summarize our current understanding for how tetraspanin post-translational modifications (palmitoylation, N-linked glycosylation, and ubiquitination) can regulate signal propagation. Many of the studies outlined in this review suggest that tetraspanins offer a potential therapeutic target to modulate aberrant signal transduction pathways that directly impact a host of cellular behaviors and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Termini
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jennifer M Gillette
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerque, NM, USA
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Vagida MS, Arakelyan A, Lebedeva AM, Grivel JC, Shpektor AV, Vasilieva EY, Margolis LB. Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using Magnetic Nanoparticles in Blood of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:382-391. [PMID: 27293095 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from various cell types and play an important role in intercellular interactions. In our study, we investigated abundance of individual EVs in patients with acute forms of ischemic heart disease. Previously, we developed an approach for individual analysis of EVs conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which was applied in the current study for analyzing phenotypic composition of EVs (by staining for markers CD31, CD41a, and CD63). EVs were isolated using fluorescently labeled MNPs containing anti-CD31, CD41a, or CD63 antibodies and analyzed by combining fluorescently labeled anti-CD41a and CD63, CD31 and CD63, or CD41a and CD31 antibodies, respectively. EVs were analyzed in 30 individuals: 17 healthy volunteers and 13 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Six and seven ACS patients were with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, respectively. It was found that patients with ACS and healthy volunteers contained a dominant subset of EVs expressing surface CD41a antigen, suggesting that they originated from platelets. In addition, the total number of EVs isolated using either of the surface markers examined in our study was higher in patients with ACS compared to healthy volunteers. The subgroup of patients with acute myocardial infarction was found to contain significantly higher number of blood EVs compared to the control group. Moreover, increased number of EVs in patients with ACS is mainly due to the increased number of EVs in the subset of EVs bearing CD41a. By analyzing individual EVs, we found that plasma of patients with ACS, particularly upon developing of myocardial infarction, contained dominant platelet-derived EVs fraction, which may reflect activation of platelets in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Vagida
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Arakelyan
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - A M Lebedeva
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - J-Ch Grivel
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - A V Shpektor
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - E Yu Vasilieva
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - L B Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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The Evolution of Human Basophil Biology from Neglect towards Understanding of Their Immune Functions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8232830. [PMID: 28078302 PMCID: PMC5204076 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8232830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Being discovered long ago basophils have been neglected for more than a century. During the past decade evidence emerged that basophils share features of innate and adaptive immunity. Nowadays, basophils are best known for their striking effector role in the allergic reaction. They hence have been used for establishing new diagnostic tests and therapeutic approaches and for characterizing natural and recombinant allergens as well as hypoallergens, which display lower or diminished IgE-binding activity. However, it was a long way from discovery in 1879 until identification of their function in hypersensitivity reactions, including adverse drug reactions. Starting with a historical background, this review highlights the modern view on basophil biology.
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Mukai K, Gaudenzio N, Gupta S, Vivanco N, Bendall SC, Maecker HT, Chinthrajah RS, Tsai M, Nadeau KC, Galli SJ. Assessing basophil activation by using flow cytometry and mass cytometry in blood stored 24 hours before analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:889-899.e11. [PMID: 27527263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basophil activation tests (BATs) have promise for research and for clinical monitoring of patients with allergies. However, BAT protocols vary in blood anticoagulant used and temperature and time of storage before testing, complicating comparisons of results from various studies. OBJECTIVE We attempted to establish a BAT protocol that would permit analysis of blood within 24 hours of obtaining the sample. METHODS Blood from 46 healthy donors and 120 patients with peanut allergy was collected into EDTA or heparin tubes, and samples were stored at 4°C or room temperature for 4 or 24 hours before performing BATs. RESULTS Stimulation with anti-IgE or IL-3 resulted in strong upregulation of basophil CD203c in samples collected in EDTA or heparin, stored at 4°C, and analyzed 24 hours after sample collection. However, a CD63hi population of basophils was not observed in any conditions in EDTA-treated samples unless exogenous calcium/magnesium was added at the time of anti-IgE stimulation. By contrast, blood samples collected in heparin tubes were adequate for quantification of upregulation of basophil CD203c and identification of a population of CD63hi basophils, irrespective of whether the specimens were analyzed by means of conventional flow cytometry or cytometry by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and such tests could be performed after blood was stored for 24 hours at 4°C. CONCLUSION BATs to measure upregulation of basophil CD203c and induction of a CD63hi basophil population can be conducted with blood obtained in heparin tubes and stored at 4°C for 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Sheena Gupta
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Nora Vivanco
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Rebecca S Chinthrajah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
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Soma P, Swanepoel AC, du Plooy JN, Mqoco T, Pretorius E. Flow cytometric analysis of platelets type 2 diabetes mellitus reveals 'angry' platelets. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:52. [PMID: 27036108 PMCID: PMC4818425 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The function of platelets have extended way beyond the horizon of haemostasis and thrombosis, and are recognised as active participants in vascular inflammation, as well as in prothrombotic complications of cardiovascular diseases. We describe and compare platelet function in type II diabetes (with and without cardiovascular manifestation) and healthy individuals using scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Methods Thirty subjects were recruited per group and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Diabetic patients were recruited from the diabetic clinic of the Steve Biko Academic Hospital (South Africa). Blood samples were drawn from all participants so that platelet specific antigens were analyzed in citrated whole blood. The platelet parameters used in the study were platelet identifiers (CD41 and CD42) and markers of platelet activation (CD62 and CD63). Results Results show that, compared to healthy individuals, both diabetic groups showed a significant difference in both platelet identifiers (CD41-PE, CD42b-PE) as well as markers indicating platelet activation (CD62P-PE and CD63-PE). Interpretation The flow cytometric data shows that the platelet surface receptors and platelet activation are statistically elevated. This is suggestive of enhanced platelet activation and it appears as if platelets are displaying ‘angry’ behaviour. The lysosomal granules may play a significant role in diabetes with cardiovascular complications. These results were confirmed by ultrastructural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashilla Soma
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Albe Carina Swanepoel
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Jeanette Noel du Plooy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Thandi Mqoco
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa.
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Optogenetic acidification of synaptic vesicles and lysosomes. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:1845-1852. [PMID: 26551543 PMCID: PMC4869830 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acidification is required for the function of many intracellular organelles, but methods
to acutely manipulate their intraluminal pH have not been available. Here we
present a targeting strategy to selectively express the light-driven proton pump
Arch3 on synaptic vesicles. Our new tool, pHoenix, can functionally replace
endogenous proton pumps, enabling optogenetic control of vesicular acidification
and neurotransmitter accumulation. Under physiological conditions, glutamatergic
vesicles are nearly full, as additional vesicle acidification with pHoenix only
slightly increased the quantal size. By contrast, we found that incompletely
filled vesicles exhibited a lower release probability than full vesicles,
suggesting preferential exocytosis of vesicles with high transmitter content.
Our subcellular targeting approach can be transferred to other organelles, as
demonstrated for a pHoenix variant that allows light-activated acidification of
lysosomes.
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Flannagan RS, Heit B, Heinrichs DE. Intracellular replication of Staphylococcus aureus in mature phagolysosomes in macrophages precedes host cell death, and bacterial escape and dissemination. Cell Microbiol 2015; 18:514-35. [PMID: 26408990 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The success of Staphylococcus aureus as a pathogen is partly attributable to its ability to thwart host innate immune responses, which includes resisting the antimicrobial functions of phagocytes. Here, we have studied the interaction of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain USA300 with murine RAW 264.7 and primary human macrophages using molecular imaging and single cell analysis to obtain an unprecedented understanding of the interaction between the macrophage and MRSA. Herein we demonstrate that macrophages fail to control intracellular infection by MRSA USA300 despite trafficking the bacteria into mature phagolysosomes. Using fluorescence-based proliferation assays we also show that intracellular staphylococci proliferate and that replication commences while the bacteria are residing in mature phagolysosomes hours after initial phagocytosis. Finally, live-cell fluorescence video microscopy allowed for unprecedented visual insight into the escape of MRSA from macrophages, demonstrating that the macrophages die through a pathway characterized by membrane blebbing and activation of caspase-3 followed by acquisition of the vital dye propidium iodide. Moreover, cell death precedes the emergence of MRSA from infected macrophages, and these events can be ablated by prolonged exposure of infected phagocytes to gentamicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Flannagan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1.,Centre for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - David E Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1.,Centre for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
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Triantafyllou A, Thompson LDR, Devaney KO, Bell D, Hunt JL, Rinaldo A, Vander Poorten V, Ferlito A. Functional Histology of Salivary Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma: An Appraisal. Head Neck Pathol 2015; 9:387-404. [PMID: 25380577 PMCID: PMC4542802 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-014-0581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complex microstructure of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma is examined in relation to function. Events related to secretion of macromolecules and absorption, responses to the altered microenvironment and controversies concerning epithelial-mesenchymal transition versus modified myoepithelial differentiation are explored. Their effects on tumor cell phenotypes and arrangements are emphasized. Heterotopic differentiation and attempts at organogenesis are also considered. The approach allows interpreting microstructure independently of histogenetic perceptions, envisaging the tumor cells as a continuum, endorsing luminal structures as the principal components, and defining pleomorphic adenoma as a benign epithelial tumour characterized by variable epithelial-mesenchymal transition, secretion/differentiation and metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asterios Triantafyllou
- />Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- />Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Diana Bell
- />Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jennifer L. Hunt
- />Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | | | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- />Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- />European Salivary Gland Society, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- />University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy
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Abstract
Food allergy (IgE-mediated hypersensitivity) is a common clinical problem affecting approximately 15% of children in the Western world. These hypersensitivity reactions tend to be "immediate" (typically within minutes of food exposure), and clinical features may range from mild to life threatening (anaphylaxis). Detailed clinical history is critical to correct diagnosis. Available laboratory tests have limitations not least poor positive predictive value and limited repertoire. Laboratory tests should support clinical diagno sis not vice versa.
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Shtanko O, Nikitina RA, Altuntas CZ, Chepurnov AA, Davey RA. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus entry into host cells occurs through the multivesicular body and requires ESCRT regulators. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004390. [PMID: 25233119 PMCID: PMC4169490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne bunyavirus causing outbreaks of severe disease in humans, with a fatality rate approaching 30%. There are no widely accepted therapeutics available to prevent or treat the disease. CCHFV enters host cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is subsequently transported to an acidified compartment where the fusion of virus envelope with cellular membranes takes place. To better understand the uptake pathway, we sought to identify host factors controlling CCHFV transport through the cell. We demonstrate that after passing through early endosomes in a Rab5-dependent manner, CCHFV is delivered to multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Virus particles localized to MVBs approximately 1 hour after infection and affected the distribution of the organelle within cells. Interestingly, blocking Rab7 activity had no effect on association of the virus with MVBs. Productive virus infection depended on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, which meditates the formation of functional MVBs. Silencing Tsg101, Vps24, Vps4B, or Alix/Aip1, components of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway controlling MVB biogenesis, inhibited infection of wild-type virus as well as a novel pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) bearing CCHFV glycoprotein, supporting a role for the MVB pathway in CCHFV entry. We further demonstrate that blocking transport out of MVBs still allowed virus entry while preventing vesicular acidification, required for membrane fusion, trapped virions in the MVBs. These findings suggest that MVBs are necessary for infection and are the sites of virus-endosome membrane fusion. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the cause of a severe, often fatal disease in humans. While it has been demonstrated that CCHFV cell entry depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis, low pH, and early endosomes, the identity of the endosomes where virus penetrates into cell cytoplasm to initiate genome replication is unknown. Here, we showed that CCHFV was transported through early endosomes to multivesicular bodies (MVBs). We also showed that MVBs were likely the last organelle virus encountered before escaping into the cytoplasm. Our work has identified new cellular factors essential for CCHFV entry and potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Shtanko
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Raisa A. Nikitina
- Laboratory of Regulation of Immunopoiesis, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Cengiz Z. Altuntas
- Texas Institute of Biotechnology Education and Research, North American University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander A. Chepurnov
- Laboratory of Regulation of Immunopoiesis, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Robert A. Davey
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jiang D, Jiang H, Ji J, Sun X, Qian H, Zhang G, Tang L. Mast-cell-based fluorescence biosensor for rapid detection of major fish allergen parvalbumin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6473-6480. [PMID: 24901676 DOI: 10.1021/jf501382t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a rat basophilic leukemia cell (RBL-2H3) fluorescence sensor to detect and identify the major fish allergen parvalbumin (PV). We constructed and transfected a CD63-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) plasmid into RBL cells through a highly efficient, lipid-mediated, DNA-transfection procedure. Stable transfectant RBL cells were then obtained for a cell fluorescence assay with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results show that the cell surface expression of CD63 reflects degranulation, indicating that a fluorescence assay with these cells could efficiently measure the activation of antigen-stimulated transfectant cells and detect antigens with a nanogram level. Therefore, this cell-based fluorescence biosensor technique for detecting fish PV exhibits promise for quantifying fish PV after anti-PV immunoglobulin E (IgE) stimulation. Results show that fluorescence intensities increased with purified PV concentrations from 1 to 100 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.35 ng/mL [relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.5%], confirmed by β-hexosaminidase assays. These rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) mast cells transfected with the CD63-EGFP gene and responded to PV only when they were sensitized with the specific IgE antibody. This demonstrates the utility of this highly sensitive biosensor for food allergen detection and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Kostaras E, Pedersen NM, Stenmark H, Fotsis T, Murphy C. SARA and RNF11 at the crossroads of EGFR signaling and trafficking. Methods Enzymol 2014; 535:225-47. [PMID: 24377927 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397925-4.00014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The classical view that endocytosis serves only for growth factor receptor degradation and signaling termination has recently been challenged by an increasing number of reports showing that various growth factor receptors such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) continue to activate downstream signaling molecules en route to lysosomes prior to their degradation. Moreover, the trafficking route that the ligand-receptor complexes follow to enter the cell is mutually interconnected with the final signaling output. Endosomal resident effector proteins are compartmentalized and regulate the signaling and trafficking of the ligand-bound receptor complexes. Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) is an early endosomal protein facilitating TGF-β signaling cascade. Even though SARA was identified as an adaptor protein that regulates SMAD2 activation and TGF-β signal propagation, an increasing number of reports in various systems describe SARA as a trafficking regulator. Recently, SARA has been shown to interact with the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF11 (RING finger protein 11) and members of the ESCRT-0 (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) complex functionally participating in the degradation of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Kostaras
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research & Technology - Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, University Campus of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nina Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theodore Fotsis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research & Technology - Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, University Campus of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Carol Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research & Technology - Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, University Campus of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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Pei J, Zhao M, Ye Z, Gou H, Wang J, Yi L, Dong X, Liu W, Luo Y, Liao M, Chen J. Autophagy enhances the replication of classical swine fever virus in vitro. Autophagy 2013; 10:93-110. [PMID: 24262968 PMCID: PMC4389882 DOI: 10.4161/auto.26843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in cellular responses to pathogens. However, the impact of the autophagy machinery on classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection is not yet confirmed. In this study, we showed that CSFV infection significantly increases the number of autophagy-like vesicles in the cytoplasm of host cells at the ultrastructural level. We also found the formation of 2 ubiquitin-like conjugation systems upon virus infection, including LC3-I/LC3-II conversion and ATG12–ATG5 conjugation, which are considered important indicators of autophagy. Meanwhile, high expression of ATG5 and BECN1 was detected in CSFV-infected cells; conversely, degradation of SQSTM1 was observed by immunoblotting, suggesting that CSFV infection triggered a complete autophagic response, most likely by the NS5A protein. Furthermore, by confocal immunofluorescence analysis, we discovered that both envelope protein E2 and nonstructural protein NS5A colocalized with LC3 and CD63 during CSFV infection. Examination by immunoelectron microscopy further confirmed the colocalization of both E2 and NS5A proteins with autophagosome-like vesicles, indicating that CSFV utilizes the membranes of these vesicles for replication. Finally, we demonstrated that alteration of cellular autophagy by autophagy regulators and shRNAs affects progeny virus production. Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence that CSFV infection needs an autophagy pathway to enhance viral replication and maturity in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Pei
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuodong Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongchao Gou
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou, China
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Patnaik BB, Kang SM, Seo GW, Lee HJ, Patnaik HH, Jo YH, Tindwa H, Lee YS, Lee BL, Kim NJ, Bang IS, Han YS. Molecular cloning, sequence characterization and expression analysis of a CD63 homologue from the coleopteran beetle, Tenebrio molitor. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:20744-67. [PMID: 24132157 PMCID: PMC3821641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141020744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CD63, a member of the tetraspanin membrane protein family, plays a pivotal role in cell growth, motility, signal transduction, host-pathogen interactions and cancer. In this work, the cDNA encoding CD63 homologue (TmCD63) was cloned from larvae of a coleopteran beetle, Tenebrio molitor. The cDNA is comprised of an open reading frame of 705 bp, encoding putative protein of 235 amino acid residues. In silico analysis shows that the protein has four putative transmembrane domains and one large extracellular loop. The characteristic “Cys-Cys-Gly” motif and “Cys188” residues are highly conserved in the large extracellular loop. Phylogenetic analysis of TmCD63 revealed that they belong to the insect cluster with 50%–56% identity. Analysis of spatial expression patterns demonstrated that TmCD63 mRNA is mainly expressed in gut and Malphigian tubules of larvae and the testis of the adult. Developmental expression patterns of CD63 mRNA showed that TmCD63 transcripts are detected in late larval, pupal and adult stages. Interestingly, TmCD63 transcripts are upregulated to the maximum level of 4.5 fold, in response to DAP-type peptidoglycan during the first 6 h, although other immune elicitors also caused significant increase to the transcript level at later time-points. These results suggest that CD63 might contribute to T. molitor immune response against various microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; E-Mails: (B.B.P.); (G.W.S.); (H.J.L.); (H.H.P.); (Y.H.J.); (H.T.)
| | - Seong Min Kang
- National Research Laboratory of Defense Proteins, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Jangjeon Dong, Kumjeong Ku, Busan 609-735, Korea; E-Mails: (S.M.K.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Gi Won Seo
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; E-Mails: (B.B.P.); (G.W.S.); (H.J.L.); (H.H.P.); (Y.H.J.); (H.T.)
| | - Hyo Jeong Lee
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; E-Mails: (B.B.P.); (G.W.S.); (H.J.L.); (H.H.P.); (Y.H.J.); (H.T.)
| | - Hongray Howrelia Patnaik
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; E-Mails: (B.B.P.); (G.W.S.); (H.J.L.); (H.H.P.); (Y.H.J.); (H.T.)
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; E-Mails: (B.B.P.); (G.W.S.); (H.J.L.); (H.H.P.); (Y.H.J.); (H.T.)
| | - Hamisi Tindwa
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; E-Mails: (B.B.P.); (G.W.S.); (H.J.L.); (H.H.P.); (Y.H.J.); (H.T.)
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan city 336-745, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Bok Luel Lee
- National Research Laboratory of Defense Proteins, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Jangjeon Dong, Kumjeong Ku, Busan 609-735, Korea; E-Mails: (S.M.K.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Nam Jung Kim
- Division of Applied Entomology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development, 61th, Seodun-dong, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 441-853, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - In Seok Bang
- Department of Biological Science and the Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; E-Mails: (B.B.P.); (G.W.S.); (H.J.L.); (H.H.P.); (Y.H.J.); (H.T.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-62-530-2072; Fax: +82-62-530-2069
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Toricelli M, Melo FHM, Peres GB, Silva DCP, Jasiulionis MG. Timp1 interacts with beta-1 integrin and CD63 along melanoma genesis and confers anoikis resistance by activating PI3-K signaling pathway independently of Akt phosphorylation. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:22. [PMID: 23522389 PMCID: PMC3635912 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anoikis resistance is one of the abilities acquired along tumor progression. This characteristic is associated with metastasis development, since tumorigenic cells must survive independently of cell-matrix interactions in this process. In our laboratory, it was developed a murine melanocyte malignant transformation model associated with a sustained stressful condition. After subjecting melan-a melanocytes to 1, 2, 3 and 4 cycles of anchorage impediment, anoikis resistant cells were established and named 1C, 2C, 3C and 4C, respectively. These cells showed altered morphology and PMA independent cell growth, but were not tumorigenic, corresponding to pre-malignant cells. After limiting dilution of 4C pre-malignant cells, melanoma cell lines with different characteristics were obtained. Previous data from our group showed that increased Timp1 expression correlated with anoikis-resistant phenotype. Timp1 was shown to confer anchorage-independent growth capability to melan-a melanocytes and render melanoma cells more aggressive when injected into mice. However, the mechanisms involved in anoikis regulation by Timp1 in tumorigenic cells are not clear yet. METHODS The β1-integrin and Timp1 expression were evaluated by Western blotting and CD63 protein expression by flow cytometry using specific antibodies. To analyze the interaction among Timp1, CD63 and β1-integrin, immunoprecipitation assays were performed, anoikis resistance capability was evaluated in the presence or not of the PI3-K inhibitors, Wortmannin and LY294002. Relative expression of TIMP1 and CD63 in human metastatic melanoma cells was analyzed by real time PCR. RESULTS Differential association among Timp1, CD63 and β1-integrins was observed in melan-a melanocytes, 4C pre-malignant melanocytes and 4C11- and 4C11+ melanoma cells. Timp1 present in conditioned medium of melanoma cells rendered melan-a melanocytes anoikis-resistant through PI3-K signaling pathway independently of Akt activation. In human melanoma cell lines, in which TIMP1 and beta-1 integrin were also found to be interacting, TIMP1 and CD63 levels together was shown to correlate significantly with colony formation capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Timp1 is assembled in a supramolecular complex containing CD63 and β1-integrins along melanoma genesis and confers anoikis resistance by activating PI3-K signaling pathway, independently of Akt phosphorylation. In addition, our data point TIMP1, mainly together with CD63, as a potential biomarker of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Toricelli
- Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sadowski Ł, Jastrzębski K, Kalaidzidis Y, Heldin CH, Hellberg C, Miaczynska M. Dynamin inhibitors impair endocytosis and mitogenic signaling of PDGF. Traffic 2013; 14:725-36. [PMID: 23425318 PMCID: PMC3712465 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms regulate cell proliferation, migration and differentiation both in embryonic development and adult tissue remodeling. At the cellular level, growth-factor signaling is often modulated by endocytosis. Despite important functions of PDGF, its endocytosis remains poorly studied, mainly for lack of tools to track internalized ligand by microscopy. Here, we developed such a tool and quantitatively analyzed internalization and endosomal trafficking of PDGF-BB in human fibroblasts. We further show that PDGF can be internalized in the presence of dynamin inhibitors, arguing that both dynamin-dependent and dynamin-independent pathways can mediate PDGF uptake. Although these routes operate with somewhat different kinetics, they both ultimately lead to lysosomal degradation of PDGF. Although acute inhibition of dynamin activity only moderately affects PDGF endocytosis, it specifically decreases downstream signaling of PDGF via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). This correlates with reduced expression of MYC and impaired cell entry into S-phase, indicating that dynamin activity is required for PDGF-induced mitogenesis. Our data support a general view that the components governing endocytic trafficking may selectively regulate certain signaling effectors activated by a growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Sadowski
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Tauro BJ, Greening DW, Mathias RA, Mathivanan S, Ji H, Simpson RJ. Two distinct populations of exosomes are released from LIM1863 colon carcinoma cell-derived organoids. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:587-98. [PMID: 23230278 PMCID: PMC3591653 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.021303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are naturally occurring biological nanomembranous vesicles (∼40 to 100 nm) of endocytic origin that are released from diverse cell types into the extracellular space. They have pleiotropic functions such as antigen presentation and intercellular transfer of protein cargo, mRNA, microRNA, lipids, and oncogenic potential. Here we describe the isolation, via sequential immunocapture using anti-A33- and anti-EpCAM-coupled magnetic beads, of two distinct populations of exosomes released from organoids derived from human colon carcinoma cell line LIM1863. The exosome populations (A33-Exos and EpCAM-Exos) could not be distinguished via electron microscopy and contained stereotypical exosome markers such as TSG101, Alix, and HSP70. The salient finding of this study, revealed via gel-based LC-MS/MS, was the exclusive identification in EpCAM-Exos of the classical apical trafficking molecules CD63 (LAMP3), mucin 13 and the apical intestinal enzyme sucrase isomaltase and increased expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and the apically restricted pentaspan membrane glycoprotein prominin 1. In contrast, the A33-Exos preparation was enriched with basolateral trafficking molecules such as early endosome antigen 1, the Golgi membrane protein ADP-ribosylation factor, and clathrin. Our observations are consistent with EpCAM- and A33-Exos being released from the apical and basolateral surfaces, respectively, and the EpCAM-Exos proteome profile with widely published stereotypical exosomes. A proteome analysis of LIM1863-derived shed microvesicles (sMVs) was also performed in order to clearly distinguish A33- and EpCAM-Exos from sMVs. Intriguingly, several members of the MHC class I family of antigen presentation molecules were exclusively observed in A33-Exos, whereas neither MHC class I nor MHC class II molecules were observed via MS in EpCAM-Exos. Additionally, we report for the first time in any extracellular vesicle study the colocalization of EpCAM, claudin-7, and CD44 in EpCAM-Exos. Given that these molecules are known to complex together to promote tumor progression, further characterization of exosome subpopulations will enable a deeper understanding of their possible role in regulation of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bow J. Tauro
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W. Greening
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rommel A. Mathias
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Ji
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J. Simpson
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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