1
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Konstantinović J, Kany AM, Alhayek A, Abdelsamie AS, Sikandar A, Voos K, Yao Y, Andreas A, Shafiei R, Loretz B, Schönauer E, Bals R, Brandstetter H, Hartmann RW, Ducho C, Lehr CM, Beisswenger C, Müller R, Rox K, Haupenthal J, Hirsch AK. Inhibitors of the Elastase LasB for the Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infections. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2205-2215. [PMID: 38161367 PMCID: PMC10755728 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Infections caused by the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa are emerging worldwide as a major threat to human health. Conventional antibiotic monotherapy suffers from rapid resistance development, underlining urgent need for novel treatment concepts. Here, we report on a nontraditional approach to combat P. aeruginosa-derived infections by targeting its main virulence factor, the elastase LasB. We discovered a new chemical class of phosphonates with an outstanding in vitro ADMET and PK profile, auspicious activity both in vitro and in vivo. We established the mode of action through a cocrystal structure of our lead compound with LasB and in several in vitro and ex vivo models. The proof of concept of a combination of our pathoblocker with levofloxacin in a murine neutropenic lung infection model and the reduction of LasB protein levels in blood as a proof of target engagement demonstrate the great potential for use as an adjunctive treatment of lung infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Konstantinović
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Kany
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Alaa Alhayek
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Ahmed S. Abdelsamie
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National
Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Asfandyar Sikandar
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Katrin Voos
- Department
of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Yiwen Yao
- Department
of Internal Medicine V − Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical
Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Anastasia Andreas
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Roya Shafiei
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Saarland
University, Department of Pharmacy, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Esther Schönauer
- Department
of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Division of Structural Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Robert Bals
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Department
of Internal Medicine V − Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical
Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Department
of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Division of Structural Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Saarland
University, Department of Pharmacy, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department
of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Saarland
University, Department of Pharmacy, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Christoph Beisswenger
- Department
of Internal Medicine V − Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical
Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Saarland
University, Department of Pharmacy, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Helmholtz
International Lab for Anti-infectives, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Katharina Rox
- Department
of Chemical Biology (CBIO), Helmholtz Centre
for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig 38124, Germany
- Deutsches
Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) e.V., Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Anna K.H. Hirsch
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Saarland
University, Department of Pharmacy, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Helmholtz
International Lab for Anti-infectives, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Deutsches
Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) e.V., Braunschweig 38124, Germany
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2
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Meiers J, Rox K, Titz A. Lectin-Targeted Prodrugs Activated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Self-Destructive Antibiotic Release. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13988-14014. [PMID: 36201248 PMCID: PMC9619409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
are characterized by biofilm formation, a major virulence factor of P. aeruginosa and cause of extensive drug resistance.
Fluoroquinolones are effective antibiotics but are linked to severe
side effects. The two extracellular P. aeruginosa-specific lectins LecA and LecB are key structural biofilm components
and can be exploited for targeted drug delivery. In this work, several
fluoroquinolones were conjugated to lectin probes by cleavable peptide
linkers to yield lectin-targeted prodrugs. Mechanistically, these
conjugates therefore remain non-toxic in the systemic distribution
and will be activated to kill only once they have accumulated at the
infection site. The synthesized prodrugs proved stable in the presence
of host blood plasma and liver metabolism but rapidly released the
antibiotic cargo in the presence of P. aeruginosa in a self-destructive manner in vitro. Furthermore, the prodrugs
showed good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
(ADME) properties and reduced toxicity in vitro, thus establishing
the first lectin-targeted antibiotic prodrugs against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Meiers
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Katharina Rox
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Chemical Biology (CBIO), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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3
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The Structures and Binding Modes of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Elastase LasB. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081060. [PMID: 36009930 PMCID: PMC9404851 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastase B (LasB) is a zinc metalloprotease and a crucial virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As the need for new strategies to fight antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constantly rises, this protein has become a key target in the development of novel antivirulence agents. The extensive knowledge of the structure of its active site, containing two subpockets and a zinc atom, led to various structure-based medicinal chemistry programs and the optimization of several chemical classes of inhibitors. This review provides a brief reminder of the structure of the active site and a summary of the disclosed P. aeruginosa LasB inhibitors. We specifically focused on the analysis of their binding modes with a detailed representation of them, hence giving an overview of the strategies aiming at targeting LasB by small molecules.
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Kaya C, Walter I, Alhayek A, Shafiei R, Jézéquel G, Andreas A, Konstantinović J, Schönauer E, Sikandar A, Haupenthal J, Müller R, Brandstetter H, Hartmann RW, Hirsch AK. Structure-Based Design of α-Substituted Mercaptoacetamides as Inhibitors of the Virulence Factor LasB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1010-1021. [PMID: 35451824 PMCID: PMC9112332 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
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Antivirulence therapy
has become a widely applicable method for
fighting infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Among
the many virulence factors produced by the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, elastase (LasB) stands out
as an important target as it plays a pivotal role in the invasion
of the host tissue and evasion of the immune response. In this work,
we explored the recently reported LasB inhibitor class of α-benzyl-N-aryl mercaptoacetamides by exploiting the crystal structure
of one of the compounds. Our exploration yielded inhibitors that maintained
inhibitory activity, selectivity, and increased hydrophilicity. These
inhibitors were found to reduce the pathogenicity of the bacteria
and to maintain the integrity of lung and skin cells in the diseased
state. Furthermore, two most promising compounds increased the survival
rate of Galleria mellonella larvae
treated with P. aeruginosa culture
supernatant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Kaya
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)─Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Isabell Walter
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)─Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alaa Alhayek
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)─Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Roya Shafiei
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)─Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gwenaëlle Jézéquel
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)─Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anastasia Andreas
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)─Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jelena Konstantinović
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)─Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Esther Schönauer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße, 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Asfandyar Sikandar
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)─Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)─Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)─Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Campus E 8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße, 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)─Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anna K.H. Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)─Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Campus E 8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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5
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Arif SM, Floto RA, Blundell TL. Using Structure-guided Fragment-Based Drug Discovery to Target Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:857000. [PMID: 35433835 PMCID: PMC9006449 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.857000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is progressive genetic disease that predisposes lungs and other organs to multiple long-lasting microbial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most prevalent and deadly pathogen among these microbes. Lung function of CF patients worsens following chronic infections with P. aeruginosa and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Emergence of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa due to intrinsic and adaptive antibiotic resistance mechanisms has failed the current anti-pseudomonal antibiotics. Hence new antibacterials are urgently needed to treat P. aeruginosa infections. Structure-guided fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is a powerful approach in the field of drug development that has succeeded in delivering six FDA approved drugs over the past 20 years targeting a variety of biological molecules. However, FBDD has not been widely used in the development of anti-pseudomonal molecules. In this review, we first give a brief overview of our structure-guided FBDD pipeline and then give a detailed account of FBDD campaigns to combat P. aeruginosa infections by developing small molecules having either bactericidal or anti-virulence properties. We conclude with a brief overview of the FBDD efforts in our lab at the University of Cambridge towards targeting P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Andres Floto
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine University of Cambridge, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Tom L. Blundell,
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6
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Kaya C, Walter I, Yahiaoui S, Sikandar A, Alhayek A, Konstantinović J, Kany AM, Haupenthal J, Köhnke J, Hartmann RW, Hirsch AKH. Substrate-Inspired Fragment Merging and Growing Affords Efficacious LasB Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112295. [PMID: 34762767 PMCID: PMC9299988 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular virulence factors have emerged as attractive targets in the current antimicrobial resistance crisis. The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes the virulence factor elastase B (LasB), which plays an important role in the infection process. Here, we report a sub-micromolar, non-peptidic, fragment-like inhibitor of LasB discovered by careful visual inspection of structural data. Inspired by the natural LasB substrate, the original fragment was successfully merged and grown. The optimized inhibitor is accessible via simple chemistry and retained selectivity with a substantial improvement in activity, which can be rationalized by the crystal structure of LasB in complex with the inhibitor. We also demonstrate an improved in vivo efficacy of the optimized hit in Galleria mellonella larvae, highlighting the significance of this class of compounds as promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Kaya
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Isabell Walter
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Samir Yahiaoui
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Asfandyar Sikandar
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Alaa Alhayek
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Jelena Konstantinović
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Andreas M. Kany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Jesko Köhnke
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
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7
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Kaya C, Walter I, Yahiaoui S, Sikandar A, Alhayek A, Konstantinović J, Kany AM, Haupenthal J, Köhnke J, Hartmann RW, Hirsch AKH. Substratinspirierte Fragment‐Fusion und ‐Erweiterung führt zu wirksamen LasB‐Inhibitoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Kaya
- Helmholtz Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI) Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken (Deutschland)
- Abteilung für Pharmazie Universität des Saarlandes Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Isabell Walter
- Helmholtz Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI) Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken (Deutschland)
- Abteilung für Pharmazie Universität des Saarlandes Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Samir Yahiaoui
- Helmholtz Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI) Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Asfandyar Sikandar
- Helmholtz Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI) Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken (Deutschland)
- Abteilung für Pharmazie Universität des Saarlandes Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Alaa Alhayek
- Helmholtz Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI) Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken (Deutschland)
- Abteilung für Pharmazie Universität des Saarlandes Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Jelena Konstantinović
- Helmholtz Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI) Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Andreas M. Kany
- Helmholtz Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI) Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Helmholtz Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI) Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Jesko Köhnke
- Helmholtz Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI) Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken (Deutschland)
- Abteilung für Pharmazie Universität des Saarlandes Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Helmholtz Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI) Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken (Deutschland)
- Abteilung für Pharmazie Universität des Saarlandes Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI) Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken (Deutschland)
- Abteilung für Pharmazie Universität des Saarlandes Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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8
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Bacterial expression of a snake venom metalloproteinase inhibitory protein from the North American opossum (D.virginiana). Toxicon 2021; 194:1-10. [PMID: 33581173 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A variety of opossum species are resistant to snake venoms due to the presence of antihemorrhagic and antimyotoxic acidic serum glycoproteins that inhibit several toxic venom components. Two virtually identical antihemorrhagic proteins isolated from either the North American opossum (D. virginiana) or the South American big-eared opossum (D. aurita), termed oprin or DM43 respectively, inhibit specific snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). A better understanding of the structure of these proteins may provide useful insight to determine their mechanism of action and for the development of therapeutics against the global health concern of snake-bite envenomation. The aim of this work is to produce a recombinant snake venom metalloproteinase inhibitor (SVMPI) similar to the above opossum proteins in Escherichia coli and determine if this bacterially produced protein inhibits the proteolytic properties of Western Diamondback rattlesnake (C. atrox) venom. The resulting heterologous SVMPI was produced with either a 6-Histidine or maltose binding protein (MBP) affinity tag on either the C-terminus or N-terminus of the protein, respectively. The presence of the solubility enhancing MBP affinity tag resulted in significantly more soluble protein expression. The inhibitory activity was measured using two complementary assays and the MBP labeled SVMPI showed 7-fold less activity as compared to the 6-Histidine labeled SVMPI. Thus, the bacterially derived SVMPI with an unlabeled N-terminus showed high inhibitory activity (IC50 = 4.5 μM). The use of a solubility enhancing MBP fusion protein construct appears to be a productive way to express sufficient quantities of this mammalian protein in E. coli for further study.
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9
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Konstantinović J, Yahiaoui S, Alhayek A, Haupenthal J, Schönauer E, Andreas A, Kany AM, Müller R, Koehnke J, Berger FK, Bischoff M, Hartmann RW, Brandstetter H, Hirsch AKH. N-Aryl-3-mercaptosuccinimides as Antivirulence Agents Targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Elastase and Clostridium Collagenases. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8359-8368. [PMID: 32470298 PMCID: PMC7429951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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In light of the global
antimicrobial-resistance crisis, there is
an urgent need for novel bacterial targets and antibiotics with novel
modes of action. It has been shown that Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (LasB) and Clostridium histolyticum (Hathewaya histolytica) collagenase (ColH) play a significant
role in the infection process and thereby represent promising antivirulence
targets. Here, we report novel N-aryl-3-mercaptosuccinimide
inhibitors that target both LasB and ColH, displaying potent activities in vitro and high selectivity for the bacterial over human
metalloproteases. Additionally, the inhibitors demonstrate no signs
of cytotoxicity against selected human cell lines and in a zebrafish
embryo toxicity model. Furthermore, the most active ColH inhibitor
shows a significant reduction of collagen degradation in an ex vivo pig-skin model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Konstantinović
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Samir Yahiaoui
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alaa Alhayek
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Esther Schönauer
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr. 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anastasia Andreas
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas M Kany
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jesko Koehnke
- Workgroup Structural Biology of Biosynthetic Enzymes, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Fabian K Berger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Rolf W Hartmann
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr. 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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10
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Iyer LK, Phanse R, Xu M, Lan W, Krause ME, Bolgar M, Hart S. Pulse Proteolysis: An Orthogonal Tool for Protein Formulation Screening. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:842-850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Kany AM, Sikandar A, Yahiaoui S, Haupenthal J, Walter I, Empting M, Köhnke J, Hartmann RW. Tackling Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence by a Hydroxamic Acid-Based LasB Inhibitor. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2449-2455. [PMID: 30088919 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In search of novel antibiotics to combat the challenging spread of resistant pathogens, bacterial proteases represent promising targets for pathoblocker development. A common motif for protease inhibitors is the hydroxamic acid function, yet this group has often been related to unspecific inhibition of various metalloproteases. In this work, the inhibition of LasB, a harmful zinc metalloprotease secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, through a hydroxamate derivative is described. The present inhibitor was developed based on a recently reported, highly selective thiol scaffold. Using X-ray crystallography, the lack of inhibition of a range of human matrix metalloproteases could be attributed to a distinct binding mode sparing the S1' pocket. The inhibitor was shown to restore the effect of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, decrease the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilm and, for the first time for a LasB inhibitor, reduce the release of extracellular DNA. Hence, it is capable of disrupting several important bacterial resistance mechanisms. These results highlight the potential of protease inhibitors to fight bacterial infections and point out the possibility to achieve selective inhibition even with a strong zinc anchor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Kany
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Asfandyar Sikandar
- Workgroup Structural Biology of Biosynthetic Enzymes, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Samir Yahiaoui
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Isabell Walter
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jesko Köhnke
- Workgroup Structural Biology of Biosynthetic Enzymes, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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12
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Kany AM, Sikandar A, Haupenthal J, Yahiaoui S, Maurer CK, Proschak E, Köhnke J, Hartmann RW. Binding Mode Characterization and Early in Vivo Evaluation of Fragment-Like Thiols as Inhibitors of the Virulence Factor LasB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:988-997. [PMID: 29485268 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of anti-infectives with novel modes of action. Targeting bacterial virulence is considered a promising approach to develop novel antibiotics with reduced selection pressure. The extracellular collagenase elastase (LasB) plays a pivotal role in the infection process of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and therefore represents an attractive antivirulence target. Mercaptoacetamide-based thiols have been reported to inhibit LasB as well as collagenases from clostridia and bacillus species. The present work provides an insight into the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these fragment-like LasB inhibitors, demonstrating an inverse activity profile compared to similar inhibitors of clostridial collagenase H (ColH). An X-ray cocrystal structure is presented, revealing distinct binding of two compounds to the active site of LasB, which unexpectedly maintains an open conformation. We further demonstrate in vivo efficacy in a Galleria mellonella infection model and high selectivity of the LasB inhibitors toward human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Kany
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Asfandyar Sikandar
- Workgroup Structural Biology of Biosynthetic Enzymes, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Samir Yahiaoui
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christine K. Maurer
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jesko Köhnke
- Workgroup Structural Biology of Biosynthetic Enzymes, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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13
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Ripp S, Turunen P, Minot ED, Rowan AE, Blank KG. Deciphering Design Principles of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Protease Substrates: Thermolysin-Like Protease from Geobacillus stearothermophilus as a Test Case. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:4148-4156. [PMID: 31458650 PMCID: PMC6641592 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protease activity is frequently assayed using short peptides that are equipped with a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) reporter system. Many frequently used donor-acceptor pairs are excited in the ultraviolet range and suffer from low extinction coefficients and quantum yields, limiting their usefulness in applications where a high sensitivity is required. A large number of alternative chromophores are available that are excited in the visible range, for example, based on xanthene or cyanine core structures. These alternatives are not only larger in size but also more hydrophobic. Here, we show that the hydrophobicity of these chromophores not only affects the solubility of the resulting FRET-labeled peptides but also their kinetic parameters in a model enzymatic reaction. In detail, we have compared two series of 4-8 amino acid long peptides, designed to serve as substrates for the thermolysin-like protease (TLP-ste) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus. These peptides were equipped with a carboxyfluorescein donor and either Cy5 or its sulfonated derivative Alexa Fluor 647 as the acceptor. We show that the turnover rate k cat is largely unaffected by the choice of the acceptor fluorophore, whereas the K M value is significantly lower for the Cy5- than for the Alexa Fluor 647-labeled substrates. TLP-ste is a rather nonspecific protease with a large number of hydrophobic amino acids surrounding the catalytic site, so that the fluorophore itself may form additional interactions with the enzyme. This hypothesis is supported by the result that the difference between Cy5- and Alexa Fluor 647-labeled substrates becomes less pronounced with increasing peptide length, that is, when the fluorophore is positioned at a larger distance from the catalytic site. These results suggest that fluorophores may become an integral part of FRET-labeled peptide substrates and that K M and k cat values are generally only valid for a specific combination of the peptide sequence and FRET pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ripp
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Department of Molecular Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Petri Turunen
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Department of Molecular Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ethan D. Minot
- Department
of Physics, Oregon State University, 301 Weniger Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-6507, United States
| | - Alan E. Rowan
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Department of Molecular Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin G. Blank
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Department of Molecular Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Mechano(bio)chemistry,
Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm Science Park, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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14
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Szamosvári D, Reichle VF, Jureschi M, Böttcher T. Synthetic quinolone signal analogues inhibiting the virulence factor elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:13440-13443. [PMID: 27722551 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06295d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We explore the chemical space of Pseudomonas quinolone signal analogs as privileged structures and report the discovery of a thioquinolone as a potent inhibitor of the important virulence factor elastase of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We provide evidence that the derivative binds to the active site zinc of elastase and additionally acts as a fluorescent zinc sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Szamosvári
- Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Valentin F Reichle
- Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Monica Jureschi
- Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Böttcher
- Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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15
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Wagner S, Sommer R, Hinsberger S, Lu C, Hartmann RW, Empting M, Titz A. Novel Strategies for the Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5929-69. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wagner
- Chemical
Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roman Sommer
- Chemical
Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Hinsberger
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Drug
Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cenbin Lu
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Drug
Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Drug
Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Drug
Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical
Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
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16
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Sjøli S, Nuti E, Camodeca C, Bilto I, Rossello A, Winberg JO, Sylte I, Adekoya OA. Synthesis, experimental evaluation and molecular modelling of hydroxamate derivatives as zinc metalloproteinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 108:141-153. [PMID: 26638045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes of the M4 family of zinc-metalloproteinases are virulence factors secreted from gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, and putative drug targets in the treatment of bacterial infections. In order to have a therapeutic value such inhibitors should not interfere with endogenous zinc-metalloproteinases. In the present study we have synthesised a series of hydroxamate derivatives and validated the compounds as inhibitors of the M4 enzymes thermolysin and pseudolysin, and the endogenous metalloproteinases ADAM-17, MMP-2 and MMP-9 using experimental binding studies and molecular modelling. In general, the compounds are stronger inhibitors of the MMPs than of the M4 enzymes, however, an interesting exception is LM2. The compounds bound stronger to pseudolysin than to thermolysin, and the molecular modelling studies showed that occupation of the S2(') subpocket by an aromatic group is favourable for strong interactions with pseudolysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Sjøli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elisa Nuti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Camodeca
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Irina Bilto
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Armando Rossello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jan-Olof Winberg
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingebrigt Sylte
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Olayiwola A Adekoya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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17
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Zhu J, Cai X, Harris TL, Gooyit M, Wood M, Lardy M, Janda KD. Disarming Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor LasB by leveraging a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:483-491. [PMID: 25892201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance places a sense of urgency on the development of alternative antibacterial strategies, of which targeting virulence factors has been regarded as a "second generation" antibiotic approach. In the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, a proteolytic virulence factor, LasB, is one such target. Unfortunately, we and others have not been successful in translating in vitro potency of LasB inhibitors to in vivo efficacy in an animal model. To overcome this obstacle, we now integrate in silico and in vitro identification of the mercaptoacetamide motif as an effective class of LasB inhibitors with full in vivo characterization of mercaptoacetamide prodrugs using Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that one of our mercaptoacetamide prodrugs has a good selectivity profile and high in vivo efficacy, and confirm that LasB is a promising target for the treatment of bacterial infections. In addition, our work highlights that the C. elegans infection model is a user-friendly and cost-effective translational tool for the development of anti-virulence compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and the Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and the Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tyler L Harris
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and the Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Major Gooyit
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and the Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Malcolm Wood
- The Core Microscopy Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew Lardy
- Computational Chemistry, Principia Biopharma, 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kim D Janda
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and the Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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18
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Kasper JR, Andrews EC, Park C. Product inhibition in native-state proteolysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111416. [PMID: 25360755 PMCID: PMC4216078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteolysis kinetics of intact proteins by nonspecific proteases provides valuable information on transient partial unfolding of proteins under native conditions. Native-state proteolysis is an approach to utilize the proteolysis kinetics to assess the energetics of partial unfolding in a quantitative manner. In native-state proteolysis, folded proteins are incubated with nonspecific proteases, and the rate of proteolysis is determined from the disappearance of the intact protein. We report here that proteolysis of intact proteins by nonspecific proteases, thermolysin and subtilisin deviates from first-order kinetics. First-order kinetics has been assumed for the analysis of native-state proteolysis. By analyzing the kinetics of proteolysis with varying concentrations of substrate proteins and also with cleavage products, we found that the deviation from first-order kinetics results from product inhibition. A kinetic model including competitive product inhibition agrees well with the proteolysis time course and allows us to determine the uninhibited rate constant for proteolysis as well as the apparent inhibition constant. Our finding suggests that the likelihood of product inhibition must be considered for quantitative assessment of proteolysis kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Kasper
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth C. Andrews
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Chiwook Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes into its environment at least seven extracellular proteases: pseudolysin (LasB protease; elastase), aeruginolysin (alkaline proteinase), staphylolysin (staphylolytic endopeptidase; LasA protease), lysyl endopeptidase (protease IV; PrpL), PASP (P. aeruginosa small protease), LepA (Large ExoProtease A), and an aminopeptidase. Their action on host proteins, both individually and synergistically, plays important roles in pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infections. Methods to measure/detect their activities are fundamental for understanding their physiological functions, roles in pathogenesis, mechanisms of action, regulation, and secretion. Most assays for determination/detection of proteolytic activity employ modified/non-modified casein or gelatin as substrates. In the quantitative assay, fragments generated from azocasein are separated from undigested substrate by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and their absorbance is measured. In non-quantitative assays, proteolytic activity is detected as clearing zones around bacterial growth or samples of culture supernatants on casein containing solid media formed due to local casein degradation. In zymography, individual proteases are detected as clear bands in gelatin/casein containing gels after SDS-PAGE separation, renaturation and protein staining. The elastinolytic capacity of P. aeruginosa is reflected by clearing zones on nutrient agar plates containing insoluble elastin instead of casein. Mueller-Hinton agar plates on which S. aureus cells are grown as a lawn are used to assess the susceptibility of S. aureus isolates to staphylolysin. A clear zone around a staphylolysin-containing sample indicates inhibition of S. aureus growth. Methods for measuring the activity of individual proteases are based on their cleavage specificity. These include assays of elastinolytic activity of pseudolysin and/or staphylolysin using elastin-Congo red as a substrate, a method for determination of staphylolytic activity in which the rate of S. aureus cell lysis is determined spectrophotometrically, and methods for determination of peptidase activity of pseudolysin, staphylolysin, lysyl endopeptidase, and the aminopeptidase. The latter methods employ chromogenic or fluorogenic peptide derivatives comprising a short amino acid sequence matching the preferred cleavage site of the protease as substrates. As only one peptide bond is cleaved in each substrate, these assays permit kinetic studies.
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20
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Fullagar JL, Garner AL, Struss AK, Day JA, Martin DP, Yu J, Cai X, Janda KD, Cohen SM. Antagonism of a zinc metalloprotease using a unique metal-chelating scaffold: tropolones as inhibitors of P. aeruginosa elastase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3197-9. [PMID: 23482955 PMCID: PMC3618488 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41191e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tropolone emerged from the screening of a chelator fragment library (CFL) as an inhibitor of the Zn(2+)-dependent virulence factor, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (LasB). Based on this initial hit, a series of substituted tropolone-based LasB inhibitors was prepared, and a compound displaying potent activity in vitro and in a bacterial swarming assay was identified. Importantly, this inhibitor was found to be specific for LasB over other metalloenzymes, validating the usage of tropolone as a viable scaffold for identifying first-in-class LasB inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Fullagar
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA;Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 92093
| | - Amanda L. Garner
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA;Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 92093
| | - Anjali K. Struss
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA;Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 92093
| | - Joshua A. Day
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA;Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 92093
| | - David P. Martin
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA;Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 92093
| | - Jing Yu
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA;Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 92093
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA;Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 92093
| | - Kim D. Janda
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA;Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 92093
| | - Seth M. Cohen
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA;Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 92093
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21
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Garner AL, Struss AK, Fullagar JL, Agrawal A, Moreno AY, Cohen SM, Janda KD. 3-Hydroxy-1-alkyl-2-methylpyridine-4(1H)-thiones: Inhibition of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Factor LasB. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012. [PMID: 23181168 DOI: 10.1021/ml300128f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance coupled to our current arsenal of antibiotics presents us with a growing threat to public health, thus warranting the exploration of alternative antibacterial strategies. In particular, the targeting of virulence factors has been regarded as a "second generation" antibiotic approach. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Zn(2+) metalloprotease virulence factor, LasB or P. aeruginosa elastase, has been implicated in the development of P. aeruginosa-related keratitis, pneumonia and burn infection. Moreover, the enzyme also plays a critical role in swarming and biofilm formation, both of which are processes that have been linked to antibiotic resistance. To further validate the importance of LasB in P. aeruginosa infection, we describe our efforts toward the discovery of non-peptidic small molecule inhibitors of LasB. Using identified compounds, we have confirmed the role that LasB plays in P. aeruginosa swarming and demonstrate the potential for LasB-targeted small molecules in studying antimicrobial resistant P. aeruginosa phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Garner
- Departments of Chemistry and
Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical
Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey
Pines Road, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Anjali K. Struss
- Departments of Chemistry and
Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical
Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey
Pines Road, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Jessica L. Fullagar
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Arpita Agrawal
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Amira Y. Moreno
- Departments of Chemistry and
Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical
Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey
Pines Road, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Kim D. Janda
- Departments of Chemistry and
Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical
Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey
Pines Road, La Jolla, California, United States
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22
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Minagawa S, Inami H, Kato T, Sawada S, Yasuki T, Miyairi S, Horikawa M, Okuda J, Gotoh N. RND type efflux pump system MexAB-OprM of Pseudomonas aeruginosa selects bacterial languages, 3-oxo-acyl-homoserine lactones, for cell-to-cell communication. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:70. [PMID: 22574700 PMCID: PMC3460771 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteria release a wide variety of small molecules including cell-to-cell signaling compounds. Gram-negative bacteria use a variety of self-produced autoinducers such as acylated homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) as signal compounds for quorum sensing (QS) within and between bacterial species. QS plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and in beneficial symbiosis by responding to acyl-HSLs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is considered that the selection of bacterial languages is necessary to regulate gene expression and thus it leads to the regulation of virulence and provides a growth advantage in several environments. In this study, we hypothesized that RND-type efflux pump system MexAB-OprM of P. aeruginosa might function in the selection of acyl-HSLs, and we provide evidence to support this hypothesis. Results Loss of MexAB-OprM due to deletion of mexB caused increases in QS responses, as shown by the expression of gfp located downstream of the lasB promoter and LasB elastase activity, which is regulated by a LasR-3-oxo-C12-HSL complex. Either complementation with a plasmid containing wild-type mexB or the addition of a LasR-specific inhibitor, patulin, repressed these high responses to 3-oxo-acyl-HSLs. Furthermore, it was shown that the acyl-HSLs-dependent response of P. aeruginosa was affected by the inhibition of MexB transport activity and the mexB mutant. The P. aeruginosa MexAB-OprM deletion mutant showed a strong QS response to 3-oxo-C10-HSL produced by Vibrio anguillarum in a bacterial cross-talk experiment. Conclusion This work demonstrated that MexAB-OprM does not control the binding of LasR to 3-oxo-Cn-HSLs but rather accessibility of non-cognate acyl-HSLs to LasR in P. aeruginosa. MexAB-OprM not only influences multidrug resistance, but also selects acyl-HSLs and regulates QS in P. aeruginosa. The results demonstrate a new QS regulation mechanism via the efflux system MexAB-OprM in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Minagawa
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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23
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Dürrschmidt P, Mansfeld J, Ulbrich-Hofmann R. Refolding of the non-specific neutral protease from Bacillus stearothermophilus proceeds via an autoproteolytically sensitive intermediate. Biophys Chem 2010; 147:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Marguerre AK, Krämer R. Lanthanide-based fluorogenic peptide substrate for the highly sensitive detection of thermolysin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5757-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Boat TF, Cheng PI, Klinger JD, Liedtke CM, Tandler B. Proteinases release mucin from airways goblet cells. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2008; 109:72-88. [PMID: 6394245 DOI: 10.1002/9780470720905.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The mucin-release effect of proteinases on airways epithelium was assessed in vitro. Using explants of rabbit tracheal mucosa-submucosa we determined that elastase and alkaline proteinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pancreatic trypsin and elastase and the microbial proteinases subtilisin, thermolysin and pronase, all stimulate mucin release from goblet cells. On the other hand Streptomyces caespitosus proteinase pancreatic chymotrypsin and collagenase fail to trigger mucin release. Bovine trachea and human nasal polyp epithelium also release mucins in response to proteinases. Mucin release activity is dependent on proteolytic activity of enzymes which have a fairly broad, but generally similar, substrate specificity. The cellular mechanism of action is not known. We propose that mucin secretion in response to proteinases represents a useful defence mechanism but also forms the basis for hypersecretory states and airways obstruction in chronic endobronchial inflammatory states.
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26
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Identifying common metalloprotease inhibitors by protein fold types using Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6521-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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McArdle BM, Quinn RJ. Identification of protein fold topology shared between different folds inhibited by natural products. Chembiochem 2007; 8:788-98. [PMID: 17429823 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have withstood the test of time as therapeutics, but new lead-generation strategies have focussed away from natural products. A new approach that uses natural-product recognition to drive an understanding of biological space might provide an impetus for renewed focus on natural-product starting points. Protein fold topology (PFT) has been shown to be an underlying factor for natural-product recognition. An investigation of natural product inhibitors of the Zincin-like fold has demonstrated their capacity also to inhibit targets of different fold types. Analysis of crystal structure complexes for natural products cocrystallised within different fold types has shown similarity at the PFT level. Two new PFT(T) (where subscript T denotes PFT shared between therapeutic targets) relationships have been established: the Zincin-like- metallohydrolase/oxidoreductase PFT(T) and the Zincin-like-phosphorylase/hydrolase PFT(T). The PFT relationship between a natural product's biosynthetic enzyme and therapeutic target, and now between different fold targets of the same natural product, suggests that PFT is the simplest descriptor of biological space. This fundamental factor for recognition could facilitate a rational approach to drug development guided by natural products.
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28
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Elston C, Wallach J, Saulnier J. New continuous and specific fluorometric assays for Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase and LasA protease. Anal Biochem 2007; 368:87-94. [PMID: 17553454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive assay based on new internally quenched fluorogenic peptide substrates has been developed for monitoring protease activities. These novel substrates comprise an Edans (5-(2-aminoethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid) group at the C terminus and a Dabsyl (4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene-4'-sulfonyl chloride) fluorophore at the N terminus of the peptide chains. The Edans fluorescence increases upon peptide hydrolysis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteases, and this increase is directly proportional to the amount of substrate cleaved, i.e., protease activity. The substrates Dabsyl-Ala-Ala-Phe-Ala-Edans and Dabsyl-Leu-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ala-Edans were used for testing the peptidasic activities of P. aeruginosa elastase and LasA protease, respectively. Elastase and LasA kinetic parameters were calculated and a sensitive assay was designed for the detection of P. aeruginosa proteases in bacterial supernatants. The sensitivity and the small sample requirements make the assay suitable for high-throughput screening of biological samples. Furthermore, this P. aeruginosa protease assay improves upon existing assays because it is simple, it requires only one step, and even more significantly it is enzyme specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Elston
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Analytique & Synthèse Bioorganique, UFR Chimie-Biochimie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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29
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Adekoya OA, Willassen NP, Sylte I. Molecular insight into pseudolysin inhibition using the MM-PBSA and LIE methods. J Struct Biol 2006; 153:129-44. [PMID: 16376106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2005] [Revised: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pseudolysin, the extracellullar elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (EC: 3.4.24.26) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infections. In the present study, molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical affinity predictions were used to gain molecular insight into pseudolysin inhibition. Four low molecular weight inhibitors were docked at their putative binding sites and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for 5.0 ns, and the free energy of binding was calculated by the linear interaction energy method. The number and the contact surface area of stabilizing hydrophobic, aromatic, and hydrogen bonding interactions appears to reflect the affinity differences between the inhibitors. The proteinaceous inhibitor, Streptomyces metalloproteinase inhibitor (SMPI) was docked in three different binding positions and MD simulations were performed for 3.0 ns. The MD trajectories were used for molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area analysis of the three binding positions. Computational alanine scanning of the average pseudolysin-SMPI complexes after MD revealed residues at the pseudolysin-SMPI interface giving the main contribution to the free energy of binding. The calculations indicated that SMPI interacts with pseudolysin via the rigid active site loop, but that also contact sites outside this loop contribute significantly to the free energy of association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayiwola A Adekoya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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30
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Dürrschmidt P, Mansfeld J, Ulbrich-Hofmann R. An engineered disulfide bridge mimics the effect of calcium to protect neutral protease against local unfolding. FEBS J 2005; 272:1523-34. [PMID: 15752367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extreme thermal stabilization achieved by the introduction of a disulfide bond (G8C/N60C) into the cysteine-free wild-type-like mutant (pWT) of the neutral protease from Bacillus stearothermophilus[Mansfeld J, Vriend G, Dijkstra BW, Veltman OR, Van den Burg B, Venema G, Ulbrich-Hofmann R & Eijsink VG (1997) J Biol Chem272, 11152-11156] was attributed to the fixation of the loop region 56-69. In this study, the role of calcium ions in the guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl)-induced unfolding and autoproteolysis kinetics of pWT and G8C/N60C was analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy, far-UV CD spectroscopy and SDS/PAGE. First-order rate constants (kobs) were evaluated by chevron plots (ln kobs vs. GdnHCl concentration). The kobs of unfolding showed a difference of nearly six orders of magnitude (DeltaDeltaG# = 33.5 kJ.mol(-1) at 25 degrees C) between calcium saturation (at 100 mM CaCl2) and complete removal of calcium ions (in the presence of 100 mM EDTA). Analysis of the protease variant W55F indicated that calcium binding-site III, situated in the critical region 56-69, determines the stability at calcium ion concentrations between 5 and 50 mM. In the chevron plots the disulfide bridge in G8C/N60C shows a similar effect compared with pWT as the addition of calcium ions, suggesting that the introduced disulfide bridge fixes the region (near calcium binding-site III) that is responsible for unfolding and subsequent autoproteolysis. Owing to the presence of the disulfide bridge, the DeltaDeltaG# is 13.2 kJ.mol(-1) at 25 degrees C and 5 mM CaCl2. Non-linear chevron plots reveal an intermediate in unfolding probably caused by local unfolding of the loop 56-69. The occurrence of this intermediate is prevented by calcium concentrations of > 5 mM, or the introduction of the disulfide bridge G8C/N60C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dürrschmidt
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
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31
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Tanaka F, Mase N, Barbas CF. Design and use of fluorogenic aldehydes for monitoring the progress of aldehyde transformations. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:3692-3. [PMID: 15038704 DOI: 10.1021/ja049641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first examples of fluorogenic aldehydes useful for monitoring many types of reactions including aldol reactions, allylations, and reductions. The fluorogenic aldehydes were constructed by covalent combination of a fluorophore and an aldehyde moiety via a linker. In the resulting single molecule, the aldehyde functioned as a quencher of the fluorophore's fluorescence. The reaction product, modified at the aldehyde functionality, no longer served as an effective quencher. The reaction products showed up to approximately 80-fold higher fluorescence than the aldehyde reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Tanaka
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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32
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Nishino N, Jose B, Okamura S, Ebisusaki S, Kato T, Sumida Y, Yoshida M. Cyclic Tetrapeptides Bearing a Sulfhydryl Group Potently Inhibit Histone Deacetylases. Org Lett 2003; 5:5079-82. [PMID: 14682769 DOI: 10.1021/ol036098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
New inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) containing a sulfhydryl group were designed on the basis of the corresponding hydroxamic acid (CHAP31) and FK228. Their disulfide dimers and hybrids exhibited potent HDAC inhibitory activity in vivo with potential as anticancer prodrugs. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Nishino
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan.
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33
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Kawano Y, Kawagishi M, Nakano M, Mase K, Yamashino T, Hasegawa T, Ohta M. Proteolytic cleavage of staphylococcal exoproteins analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Microbiol Immunol 2002; 45:285-90. [PMID: 11386418 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2001.tb02620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular proteases of Staphylococcus aureus are emerging as potential virulence factors that are relevant to the pathogenicity of staphylococcal infections. These proteases may also be involved in the proteolytic cleavage of other exoproteins released from this organism. To define the target exoproteins and their sites of cleavage by proteases, high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing of exoprotein spots was performed. Two to three hundred exoprotein spots were detected at the early-stationary phase of cultures of S. aureus NCTC8325, and then at the late-stationary stage most of these high molecular protein spots became invisible due to further proteolytic degradation. As the result of N-terminal analysis, lipase, triacylglycerol lipase, orf619 protein and orf388 protein were detected as multiple spots at the early-stationary phase. We found that these exoproteins were cleaved at 3, 7, 4 and 4 different sites, respectively, by proteases. According to the M.W. and pI of each peptide spot obtained from the gel and their matches with calculated values in addition to their N-terminal sequences, we showed that the positions of putative peptides resulted from proteolytic cleavage of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kawano
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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34
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Fricke B, Drössler K, Willhardt I, Schierhorn A, Menge S, Rücknagel P. The cell envelope-bound metalloprotease (camelysin) from Bacillus cereus is a possible pathogenic factor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1537:132-46. [PMID: 11566257 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(01)00066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel membrane proteinase of the nosocomial important bacteria species Bacillus cereus (synonyms: camelysin, CCMP) was purified up to homogeneity as was shown by mass spectrometry in its amphiphilic form. Camelysin is a neutral metalloprotease with a molecular mass of 19 kDa. Its unique N-terminus Phe-Phe-Ser-Asp-Lys-Glu-Val-Ser-Asn-Asn-Thr-Phe-Ala-Ala-Gly-Thr-Leu-Asp-Leu-Thr-Leu-Asn-Pro-Lys-Thr-Leu-Val-Asp-(Ile-Lys-Asp)- was not detected in the protein data bases during BLAST searches, but in the partially sequenced genome of Bacillus anthracis, coding for an unknown protein. Cleavage sites of the membrane proteinase for the insulin A- and B-chains were determined by mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing. Camelysin prefers cleavage sites in front of aliphatic and hydrophilic amino acid residues (-OH, -SO3H, amido group), avoiding bulky aromatic residues. The internally quenched fluorogenic substrates of the matrix metalloproteases 2 and 7 were cleaved with the highest efficiency at the Leu-decrease-Gly or Leu-decrease-Ala bond with the smaller residue in the P1' position. The protein specificity is broad--all various kinds of casein were cleaved as well as acid-soluble collagen, globin and ovalbumin; intact insulin was destroyed only to a low extent. Actin, collagen type I, fibrinogen, fibrin, alpha2-antiplasmin and alpha1-antitrypsin were cleaved. The protease formed SDS-stable complexes with Glu-plasminogen and antithrombin III, visible after SDS electrophoresis by gold staining and Western blot. The CCMP-plasminogen complex caused a partial activation of plasminogen to plasmin. Camelysin interacts with proteins of the blood coagulation cascade and could facilitate the penetration of fibrin clots and of the extracellular matrix during bacterial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fricke
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University, Halle, Saale, Germany.
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35
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Shibuya Y, Semba U, Nishino N, Khan MM, Tanase S, Okabe H, Yamamoto T. Primary structure of guinea pig plasma prekallikrein. IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1999; 45:127-34. [PMID: 10615001 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-3109(99)00065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A full length guinea pig plasma prekallikrein (PK) cDNA was cloned from a liver cDNA library. The nucleotide sequence with 2242 bp was analyzed and the amino acid sequence with 618 residues was deduced. Kallikrein was purified from guinea pig plasma and cleavage site in the activation was determined. The amino acid sequence around the cleavage site -368Ile-Asp-Ala-Arg-Ile-Val-Gly-375Gly- differed from that of the human PK -368Thr-Ser-Thr-Arg-Ile-Val-Gly-375Gly-. Protease substrates containing penta-peptides which mimicked the sequence of the cleavage sites from P3 to P2' of guinea pig Hageman factor (HF) and PK were synthesized, and kinetic analyses of the hydrolysis by guinea pig activated HF (HFa) and kallikrein were carried out. The combination between HFa and the PK mimicking peptide provided the best kinetics. These results in part explain why the cascade activation of PK by HFa is predominant in the guinea pig system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shibuya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kumamoto University, Japan
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36
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Fricke B, Parchmann O, Kruse K, Rücknagel P, Schierhorn A, Menge S. Characterization and purification of an outer membrane metalloproteinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa with fibrinogenolytic activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1454:236-50. [PMID: 10452958 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(99)00040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A membrane proteinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, called insulin-cleaving membrane proteinase (ICMP), was located in the outer membrane leaflet of the cell envelope. The enzyme is expressed early in the logarithmic phase parallel to the bacterial growth during growth on peptide rich media. It is located with its active center facing to the outermost side of the cell, because its whole activity could be measured in intact cells. The very labile membrane proteinase was solubilized by non-ionic detergents (Nonidet P-40, Triton X-100) and purified in its amphiphilic form to apparent homogeneity in SDS-PAGE by copper chelate chromatography and two subsequent chromatographic steps on Red-Sepharose CL-4B (yield 58.3%, purification factor 776.3). It consisted of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of 44.6 kDa, determined by mass spectrometry. ICMP was characterized to be a metalloprotease with pH-optimum in the neutral range. The ICMP readily hydrolyzed Glu(13)-Ala(14) and Tyr(16)-Leu(17) bonds in the insulin B-chain. Phe(25)-Tyr(26) and His(10)-Leu(11) were secondary cleavage sites suggesting a primary specificity of the enzyme for hydrophobic or aromatic residues at P'(1)-position. The ICMP differed from elastase, alkaline protease and LasA in its cleavage specificity, inhibition behavior and was immunologically diverse from elastase. The amino acid sequence of internal peptides showed no homologies with the known proteinases. This outer membrane proteinase was capable of specific cleavage of alpha and beta fibrinogen chains. Among the p-nitroanilide substrates tested, substrates of plasminogen activator, complement convertase and kallikrein with arginine residues in the P(1)-subsite were the substrates best accepted, but they were only cleaved at a very low rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fricke
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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37
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Viglio S, Zanaboni G, Lupi A, Gianelli L, Luisetti M, Casali L, Cetta G, Iadarola P. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography for analyzing active site specificity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase. Electrophoresis 1999; 20:1578-85. [PMID: 10424483 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(19990601)20:7<1578::aid-elps1578>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The geometry of the catalytic site of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase was reexamined, exploiting the specific feature of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), i.e., its ability to detect a decrease of intact substrate and simultaneous formation of reaction products. We carried out a detailed investigation using two tri- and six tetra-peptide 4-nitroanilides (NA) differing from each other by only one or more amino acids as stable substrates. The kinetic cleavage parameters Km and k(cat) determined by MEKC and the catalytic efficiency Km/k(cat) values calculated allowed us to better define the substrate specificity of this proteinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Viglio
- Dipartimento di Biochimica A. Castellani, Università di Pavia, Italy
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38
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Kim DH, Jin Y. First hydroxamate inhibitors for carboxypeptidase A. N-acyl-N-hydroxy-beta-phenylalanines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:691-6. [PMID: 10201830 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-acyl-N-hydroxy-beta-Phe were designed, synthesized, and shown to have potent inhibitory activity for carboxypeptidase A (CPA). They are the first examples of CPA inhibitors having a hydroxamate functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Kim
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
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Okamoto T, Akaike T, Suga M, Tanase S, Horie H, Miyajima S, Ando M, Ichinose Y, Maeda H. Activation of human matrix metalloproteinases by various bacterial proteinases. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:6059-66. [PMID: 9038230 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.9.6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing proteinases that participate in tissue remodeling under physiological and pathological conditions. To test the involvement of bacterial proteinases in tissue injury during bacterial infections, we investigated the activation potential of various bacterial proteinases against precursors of MMPs (proMMPs) purified from human neutrophils (proMMP-8 and -9) and from human fibrosarcoma cells (proMMP-1). Each proMMP was subjected to treatment with a series of bacterial proteinases at molar ratios of 0.01-0.1 (bacterial proteinase to proMMP), and activities of MMPs generated were determined. Among six different bacterial proteinases, thermolysin family enzymes (family M4) such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase, Vibrio cholerae proteinase, and thermolysin strongly activated all three proMMPs via limited proteolysis to generate active forms of the MMPs. N-terminal sequence analysis of the active MMPs revealed that cleavage occurred at the Val82-Leu83 and Thr90-Phe91 bonds of proMMP-1 and proMMP-9, respectively, which are located near the N terminus of the catalytic domain of MMPs. In contrast, Serratia 56-kDa proteinase and Pseudomonas alkaline proteinase, both of which are classified as members of the serralysin subfamily of zinc metalloproteinases (family M10), and Serratia 73-kDa thiol proteinase did not evidence proteolytic processing or activation of proMMP-1, -8, and -9 under these experimental conditions. These results indicate that bacterial proteinases may play an important role in tissue destruction and disintegration of extracellular matrix at the site of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860, Japan
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40
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Gershkovich AA, Kholodovych VV. Fluorogenic substrates for proteases based on intramolecular fluorescence energy transfer (IFETS). JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 1996; 33:135-62. [PMID: 9029259 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(96)00023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A prospective class of intramolecular fluorescence energy transfer substrates (IFETS) is described. In contrast to the known chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates that are used widely in the scientific and medical research, IFETS allow to control the enzymatic cleavage at any point of the peptide chain and thus permit simultaneous studies of enzymes of different specificity. We discuss the main types of donor and acceptor, their advantages and drawbacks and the effectiveness of exited-state energy transfer between them. High sensitivity and selectivity of IFETS in the assay of proteinases was demonstrated. They prove to be a very useful and very promising instrument for enzymology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Gershkovich
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Morihara
- Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, University of East Asia, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Abstract
Two methods of P. aeruginosa elastase purification are described: Method 1 involves concentration of sample supernatants, followed by DEAE-Sepharose liquid chromatography, whereas Method 2 involves initial fractionations followed by molecular sieving and hydrophobic interaction high-performance liquid chromatography. The choice of methods depends on the available equipment and supplies. The methods of assaying elastase activity described as useful for a variety of applications. The elastin-nutrient agar plate method is a qualitative assay to determine the presence of elastase activity produced by a given culture or colony. Use of the quantitative elastin-Congo red assay is appropriate for determining elastase activities of mid-to-high elastase-producing cultures. For more sensitive determinations of P. aeruginosa elastase activity, use of the fluorogenic substrate is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York 14642
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Ijiri Y, Yamamoto T, Kamata R, Aoki H, Matsumoto K, Okamura R, Kambara T. The role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase in corneal ring abscess formation in pseudomonal keratitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1993; 231:521-8. [PMID: 8224956 DOI: 10.1007/bf00921117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to identify the causative factors of ring abscess, which is the characteristic feature of pseudomonal keratitis, pseudomonal endotoxin, exotoxin A, and elastase were each separately injected into guinea pig cornea. There was no formation of ring abscess. Injection of living Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains IFO3455 and Takamatsu which produce all three molecules, clearly induced ring abscess. In contrast, when heat-killed bacteria strain IFO3455 or living bacteria of the non-elastase-producing strain PA103 were injected, ring abscess was not induced. Furthermore, when living bacteria strain IFO3455 were injected with anti-elastase antibody or a protease inhibitor, ovomacroglobulin, ring abscess formation was significantly inhibited. Histological examination demonstrated that the ring abscess was a dense accumulation and aggregation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with debris of cells and lamellae in the deep stroma at the corneal margins, suggesting prevention of PMN migration to the central lesion. The presence of anti-elastase antibody or a specific elastase inhibitor facilitated PMN migration towards living bacteria strain IFO3455 in an in vitro model. These results indicate that pseudomonal elastase is a necessary but not sufficient factor in the formation of ring abscess in pseudomonal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ijiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kumamoto University, Japan
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Khan MM, Yamamoto T, Araki H, Ijiri Y, Shibuya Y, Okamoto M, Kambara T. Pseudomonal elastase injection causes low vascular resistant shock in guinea pigs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1182:83-93. [PMID: 8347690 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(93)90157-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An intravenous injection of culture supernatants obtained from an elastase producing strain (IFO-3455) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited immediate fall of mean arterial blood pressure from 63.8 +/- 1.62 to 35.6 +/- 2.31 mmHg (P < 0.001), increased heart rate from 249.6 +/- 3.86 to 272.6 +/- 2.18 beats/min (P < 0.05), and increased respiratory rate from 44.8 +/- 2.33 to 68.6 +/- 1.60/min (P < 0.01) within 5 min in the anesthetized guinea pigs. In contrast, culture supernatants obtained from an elastase non-producing strain (PA-103) did not cause the cardio-respiratory alterations, even though the same dose of endotoxin was contained in the supernatants. Intravenous or intracardiac injection of purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (1.2 mg/kg) but not endotoxin (up to 2.0 mg/kg) reproduced the immediate shock followed by death within 45 min in anesthetized or in conscious guinea pigs. Consistently, the shock-inducing ability of pseudomonal elastase was prevented by pretreatment with anti-pseudomonal elastase rabbit F(ab')2 antibodies or with a synthetic inhibitor of pseudomonal elastase. Furthermore, intravenous injection of a non-lethal dose of pseudomonal elastase (0.8 mg/kg) immediately decreased peripheral vascular resistance when estimated from a change of perfusion pressure at hindquarter circulation from 74.0 +/- 1.00 to 52.6 +/- 1.76 mmHg (P < 0.05) in association with fall of arterial blood pressure and of cardiac output which was estimated from a change of regional aortic flow. The same low-resistant shock was also observed in rats. We speculate, therefore, that bacterial proteinases may play an important role in human septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Khan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
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Khan MM, Yamamoto T, Araki H, Shibuya Y, Kambara T. Role of Hageman factor/kallikrein-kinin system in pseudomonal elastase-induced shock model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1157:119-26. [PMID: 8507648 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(93)90055-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The role of the Hageman factor dependent pathway in pseudomonal elastase-induced shock was investigated in guinea pigs. Presence of a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist [D-Arg0,Hyp3,Thi5,8,D-Phe7]-bradykinin (200 nM) in the circulation prevented shock caused by an intrajugular injection of pseudomonal elastase (0.8 mg/kg body weight). During the lethal shock caused by elastase (1.2 mg/kg), a significant consumption of components of the Hageman factor/kallikrein-kinin system was observed such as 45.7 +/- 2.20% consumption of Hageman factor, 100 +/- 0% of prekallikrein, and 85.1 +/- 2.50 of high-molecular-weight kininogen. More striking evidence for the participation of this system was demonstrated in depletion experiments with monospecific F(ab')2 antibodies against the components of the system. After depletion of any one of the components, guinea pigs exhibited unresponsiveness to the same lethal dose of pseudomonal elastase in regard to the cardio-respiratory alterations. In vitro, pseudomonal elastase (60 micrograms/ml) possessed a capacity to generate substantial amount of bradykinin in undiluted plasmas of humans (300.0 +/- 32.16 ng/ml) as well as guinea pigs (460.2 +/- 20.67 ng/ml) at 37 degrees C but not in those deficient in Hageman factor or prekallikrein. These results strongly suggested a pathological role of elastase in pseudomonal sepsis through activation of the Hageman factor dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Khan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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Stöcker W, Gomis-Rüth FX, Bode W, Zwilling R. Implications of the three-dimensional structure of astacin for the structure and function of the astacin family of zinc-endopeptidases. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 214:215-31. [PMID: 8508794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Astacin, a zinc-endopeptidase from the crayfish Astacus astacus L., represents a structurally distinct group of metalloproteinases termed the 'astacin family'. This protein family includes oligomeric membrane-bound proteins with zinc proteinase domains found in rodent kidneys (meprins A and B) and human small intestine (N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-4-aminobenzoate hydrolase). Another branch of this family comprises morphogenetically active proteins, which induce bone formation (human bone morphogenetic protein 1), or which play specific roles during the embryonic development of amphibians, fishes, echinoderms, and insects. The X-ray crystal structure of astacin has recently been solved to a resolution of 0.18 nm [Bode et al. (1992) Nature 358, 164-167]. This structure is different from hitherto known metalloendopeptidase structures and has been used in the present study to analyze the structures of the other members of the astacin protein family. Computer-assisted modelling of the proteolytic domain of the alpha-subunit of meprin A based on the astacin structure is possible if five single and one double residue deletions and three single residue insertions are implied. The proteinase domains of the other astacins can be included in the model-based sequence alignment by introducing additionally three insertions and one deletion. All of these insertions and deletions are observed in loop segments connecting regular secondary structure elements and should leave the overall structure unaltered. The topology of residues forming the zinc-binding active site of astacin corresponds to almost identical arrangements in all other astacins, suggesting that these are likewise metalloproteinases. Based on this similarity, it is proposed that the active-site metal ion of the astacins is penta-coordinated by three histidine residues, a tyrosine residue and a water molecule in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Other remarkable common features are a hydrophobic cluster in the N-terminal domain and a conserved, solvent-filled cavity buried in the C-terminal domain. Most interestingly, the amino-termini of all astacins can be modelled to start in a corresponding internal water cavity as seen in the astacin template, where the terminal alanine residue forms a water-linked salt bridge to Glu103, directly adjacent to His102, the third zinc ligand. Therefore, an activation mechanism for the astacins reminiscent of that of the trypsin-like proteinases had been suggested, which now seems to be probable also for the other astacins. Besides these common traits, there are some minor differences which may have important consequences on the function of the astacins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- W Stöcker
- Zoologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Germany
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Padrines M, Bieth JG. Oxidized and Met358-->Leu mutated alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor as substrates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1163:61-6. [PMID: 8476930 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(93)90279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the catalytic activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase using the bait region of the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor as a substrate. The bacterial enzyme cleaves the Pro357-Met358 bond of the wild-type inhibitor and the recombinant Met358 inhibitor and the Pro357-Leu358 bond of the recombinant Met358-->Leu inhibitor with kcat/Km values of 9 x 10(4) M-1 s-1, 1.4 x 10(5) M-1 s-1 and 3.5 x 10(5) M-1 s-1, respectively. In contrast, the N-chlorosuccinimide-oxidized inhibitor (Met351 and Met358 = methionine sulfoxides) is cleaved at the Glu354-Ala355 position with a significantly lower rate (kcat/Km = 10(4) M-1 s-1). The pH optimum for the cleavage of the native, the oxidized, the Met358-->Leu mutated inhibitor, and 2-aminobenzoyl-Ala-Gly-Leu-Ala-4-nitrobenzylamide, a synthetic Pseudomonas elastase substrate are, 6.0, 7.0, 6.5 and 5.8, respectively. We conclude that P. aeruginosa elastase readily hydrolyzes substrates with P'1 methionine or alanine residues and that its pH optimum is not as alkaline as usually thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Padrines
- INSERM U 237, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Semba U, Shibuya Y, Tanase S, Nishino N, Makinose Y, Kambara T, Okabe H, Yamamoto T. Difference between human and guinea pig Hageman factors in activation by bacterial proteinases: cleavage site shift due to local amino acid substitutions may determine the activation efficiency of serine proteinase zymogens. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1180:267-76. [PMID: 8422433 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(93)90049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human and guinea pig Hageman factors have been subjected to the action of pseudomonal elastase and serratial E15 proteinase. The pseudomonal elastase cleaved 22-24% of the human molecule at Arg353-Val354, and the remainder at Gly357-Leu358 resulting in the generation of about 20% of potential activity as activated Hageman factor, compared with trypsin activation, while it hydrolyzed Arg340-Ile341 bond in guinea pig molecule and generated about 75% of activity as activated Hageman factor. The serratial proteinase did not hydrolyze the essential cleavage site (Arg353-Val354) of the human zymogen but Gly356-Gly357 (30%) and Gly357-Leu358 (70%) bonds. Both products showed no activity. The guinea pig zymogen, in contrast, was cleaved mostly at Arg340-Ile341 (70%) and less abundantly at Gly344-Leu345 (30%), generating about 85% of the whole potential activity as activated Hageman factor. From the high correspondence between the proportions of activation and of hydrolysis at the essential cleavage site in activation, it was concluded that hydrolysis of the bonds different from the essential bond did not cause activation, even when the spatial separation was only 3 or 4 residues. Considering the amino acid differences between human and guinea pig Hageman factors, -Met351-Thr-Arg-Val-Val-Gly-Gly-Leu-Val-Ala360- and -Leu338-Ser-Arg-Ile-Val-Gly-Gly-Leu-Val-Ala347-, respectively, it was realized that even the minor amino acid substitutions caused the cleavage site shift which resulted in significant differences in activation efficiency of the proteinase zymogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Semba
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kumamoto University, Japan
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Takeya H, Miyata T, Nishino N, Omori-Satoh T, Iwanaga S. Snake venom hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic metalloendopeptidases. Methods Enzymol 1993; 223:365-78. [PMID: 8271966 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(93)23058-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Takeya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Mie University School of Medicine, Japan
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