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Martwong E, Chuetor S, Junthip J. Adsorption of Paraquat by Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4110. [PMID: 34883612 PMCID: PMC8658895 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of hydrosoluble pesticides in water could generate a serious problem for biotic and abiotic components. The removal of a hazardous agrochemical (paraquat) from water was achieved by adsorption processes using poly(vinyl alcohol)-cyclodextrin nanosponges, which were prepared with various formulations via the crosslinking between citric acid and β-cyclodextrin in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol). The physicochemical properties of nanosponges were also characterized by different techniques, such as gravimetry, thermogravimetry, microscopy (SEM and Stereo), spectroscopy (UV-visible, NMR, ATR-FTIR, and Raman), acid-base titration, BET surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction, and ion exchange capacity. The C10D-P2 nanosponges displayed 60.2% yield, 3.14 mmol/g COOH groups, 0.335 mmol/g β-CD content, 96.4% swelling, 94.5% paraquat removal, 0.1766 m2 g-1 specific surface area, and 5.2 × 10-4 cm3 g-1 pore volume. The presence of particular peaks referring to specific functional groups on spectroscopic spectra confirmed the successful polycondensation on the reticulated nanosponges. The pseudo second-order model (with R2 = 0.9998) and Langmuir isotherm (with R2 = 0.9979) was suitable for kinetics and isotherm using 180 min of contact time and a pH of 6.5. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated at 112.2 mg/g. Finally, the recyclability of these nanosponges was 90.3% of paraquat removal after five regeneration times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekkachai Martwong
- Division of Science (Chemistry), Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 13000, Thailand;
| | - Santi Chuetor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand;
| | - Jatupol Junthip
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Pal P, Pal A, Nakashima K, Yadav BK. Applications of chitosan in environmental remediation: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128934. [PMID: 33246700 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental biotechnology is the use of biotechnology to develop and regulate biological systems for the remediation of environmental contamination. Nature has gifted ample material for remediation of its resources, among which chitosan is one of the most important and largely available biomaterial globally. Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin extracted from marine waste and its applications from drug delivery to food additives are broadly available. Chitosan exhibit several properties such as availability, low cost, high biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These properties make it biologically and chemically acceptable for use in various fields. Due to some limitations of pure chitosan, there has been a growing interest in modifying the chitosan in order to improve the original properties and widen the applications of pure phase chitosan. Various modified forms of chitosan and their associated applications are reviewed here with emphasis on their use in environmental remediation. The demand of chitosan in the global industrial market is growing which is briefly explained in this paper. Chitosan is used for water purification since a long time and still progress is going on for making it more efficient in the removal process. It can be used as a flocculent and coagulant, as an adsorbent for removing the contaminants like heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, antibiotics, biological contaminants from wastewater. Soil remediation using chitosan material is explained in this review. Various other applications such as drug delivery, food additives, tissue engineering are thoroughly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Pal
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, India.
| | - Anjali Pal
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India; Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Kazunori Nakashima
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Brijesh Kumar Yadav
- Hydrology Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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Rashidipour M, Maleki A, Kordi S, Birjandi M, Pajouhi N, Mohammadi E, Heydari R, Rezaee R, Rasoulian B, Davari B. Pectin/Chitosan/Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles: Efficient Carriers for Reducing Soil Sorption, Cytotoxicity, and Mutagenicity of Paraquat and Enhancing Its Herbicide Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5736-5745. [PMID: 31042035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a potent herbicide capable of contaminating water and soil environments, paraquat, which is still widely used worldwide, is toxic to mammals, algae, aquatic animals, etc. Paraquat was loaded on novel nanoparticles composed of pectin, chitosan, and sodium tripolyphosphate (PEC/CS/TPP). The size, polydispersity index, and ζ potential of nanoparticles were characterized. Further assessments were carried out by SEM, AFM, FT-IR, and DSC. The encapsulation was highly efficient, and there was a delayed release pattern of paraquat. The encapsulated herbicide was less toxic to alveolar and mouth cell lines. Moreover, the mutagenicity of the formulation was significantly lower than those of pure or commercial forms of paraquat in a Salmonella typhimurium strain model. The soil sorption of paraquat and the deep soil penetration of the nanoparticle-associated herbicide were also decreased. The herbicidal activity of paraquat for maize or mustard was not only preserved but also enhanced after encapsulation. It was concluded that paraquat encapsulation with PEC/CS/TPP nanoparticles is highly efficient and the formulation has significant herbicide activity. It is less toxic to human environment and cells, as was evidenced by less soil sorption, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity. Hence, paraquat-loaded PEC/CS/TPP nanoparticles have potential advantages for future use in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rashidipour
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development , Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran
| | - Afshin Maleki
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development , Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran
| | - Sajad Kordi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khorramabad Branch , Islamic Azad University , Khorramabad , Iran
| | - Mehdi Birjandi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran
| | - Naser Pajouhi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mohammadi
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development , Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran
| | - Rouhollah Heydari
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran
| | - Reza Rezaee
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development , Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran
| | - Bahram Rasoulian
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran
| | - Behroz Davari
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development , Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
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Junthip J. Water-insoluble cyclodextrin polymer crosslinked with citric acid for paraquat removal from water. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1586444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatupol Junthip
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Junthip J, Promma W, Sonsupap S, Boonyanusith C. Adsorption of paraquat from water by insoluble cyclodextrin polymer crosslinked with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-019-00692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Junthip J, Jumrernsuk N, Klongklaw P, Promma W, Sonsupap S. Removal of paraquat herbicide from water by textile coated with anionic cyclodextrin polymer. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-018-0102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Salt-assisted liquid–liquid extraction coupled with reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for sensitive HPLC determination of paraquat in environmental and food samples. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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De Souza D, Machado SAS. Use of Multiple Square Wave Voltammetry for the Detection of Diquat Herbicide in Environmental Water, Foods and River Sediments. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Magalhães N, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Human and experimental toxicology of diquat poisoning: Toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, clinical features, and treatment. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1131-1160. [PMID: 29569487 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118765330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diquat (1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridinium ion; DQ) is a nonselective quick-acting herbicide, which is used as contact and preharvest desiccant to control terrestrial and aquatic vegetation. Several cases of human poisoning were reported worldwide mainly due to intentional ingestion of the liquid formulations. Its toxic potential results from its ability to produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species through redox cycling processes that can lead to oxidative stress and potentially cell death. Kidney is the main target organ due to DQ toxicokinetics and redox cycling. There is no antidote against DQ intoxications, and the efficacy of treatments currently applied is still unsatisfactory. The aim of this work was to review the most relevant human and experimental findings related to DQ, characterizing its chemistry, activity as herbicide, mechanisms of toxicity, consequences of poisoning, and potential therapeutic approaches taking into account previous experience in developing antidotes for paraquat, a more toxic bipyridinium herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Magalhães
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R J Dinis-Oliveira
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,2 IINFACTS-Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal.,3 Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Hong Y, Guo X, Chen G, Zhou J, Zou X, Liao X, Hou T. Determination of five macrolide antibiotic residues in milk by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with field amplified sample stacking. J Food Saf 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue‐Qin Hong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang China
| | - Xin Guo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang China
| | - Guan‐Hua Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang China
| | - Jia‐Wei Zhou
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang China
| | - Xue‐Mei Zou
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang China
| | - Xue Liao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang China
| | - Ting Hou
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang China
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11
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Bol’shakova DS, Amelin VG. Determination of pesticides in environmental materials and food products by capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Airado-Rodríguez D, Hernández-Mesa M, García-Campaña AM, Cruces-Blanco C. Evaluation of the combination of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with sweeping and cation selective exhaustive injection for the determination of 5-nitroimidazoles in egg samples. Food Chem 2016; 213:215-222. [PMID: 27451174 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A methodology is presented for the sensitive determination of nitromidazole residues in egg by means of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography in combination with cation selective exhaustive injection and ultraviolet detection. Six compounds have been considered and the separation has been achieved in less than 12min in a 61.5-cm effective length capillary with 50-μm internal diameter. Phosphate buffer 44mM pH 2.5, containing 8% tetrahydrofurane and 123mM sodium dodecyl sulfate was employed as running buffer. Solid phase extraction has been employed for sample clean-up. The methodology has been successfully validated in hen eggs, obtaining method detection limits in the range of 2.1-5.0ng/g. Precision was studied in terms of repeatability and intermediate precision, with relative standard deviations lower than 18.0%. Recoveries were calculated in quail eggs and a commercial pasteurized egg white product, reaching over 70% for most of the considered 5-nitroimidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Airado-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maykel Hernández-Mesa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Cruces-Blanco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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Wuethrich A, Haddad PR, Quirino JP. Simultaneous electrophoretic concentration and separation of herbicides in beer prior to stacking capillary electrophoresis UV and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1122-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Wuethrich
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences; University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
| | - Paul R. Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences; University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences; University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
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Lahrich S, Hammani H, Boumya W, Loudiki A, Farahi A, Achak M, Bakasse M, El Mhammedi MA. Correlation between Electrochemical Impedance and Spectroscopic Measurements in Adsorbing Paraquat on Silver: Application in Underground Water Samples. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201501047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Determination of imidazole derivatives by micellar electrokinetic chromatography combined with solid-phase microextraction using activated carbon-polymer monolith as adsorbent. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1428:336-45. [PMID: 26363948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an effective method for the separation of imidazole derivatives 2-methylimidazole (2-MEI), 4- methylimidazole (4-MEI) and 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI) in caramel colors using cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CSEI-sweeping-MEKC) was developed. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for the CSEI-sweeping-MEKC method were in the range of 4.3-80μgL(-1) and 14-270μgL(-1), respectively. Meanwhile, a rapid fabrication activated carbon-polymer (AC-polymer) monolithic column as adsorbent for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of imidazole colors was developed. Under the optimized SPME condition, the extraction recoveries for intra-day, inter-day and column-to-column were in the range of 84.5-95.1% (<6.3% RSDs), 85.6-96.1% (<4.9% RSDs), and 81.3-96.1% (<7.1% RSDs), respectively. The LODs and LOQs of AC-polymer monolithic column combined with CSEI-sweeping-MEKC method were in the range of 33.4-60.4μgL(-1) and 111.7-201.2μgL(-1), respectively. The use of AC-polymer as SPME adsorbent demonstrated the reduction of matrix effect in food samples such as soft drink and alcoholic beverage thereby benefiting successful determination of trace-level caramel colors residues using CSEI-sweeping-MEKC method. The developed AC-polymer monolithic column can be reused for more than 30 times without any significant loss in the extraction recovery for imidazole derivatives.
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Prado R, García R, Rioboo C, Herrero C, Cid Á. Suitability of cytotoxicity endpoints and test microalgal species to disclose the toxic effect of common aquatic pollutants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 114:117-125. [PMID: 25637746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulse discharges of chemicals to aquatic environments may lead to high concentrations of them in surface waters for short periods of time, but enough to induce toxic effects on aquatic organisms; however, no many methods allow an early warning of toxicity of these agents. Acute effects of one representative chemical from each of three of the main groups of aquatic pollutants (pesticides, metals and pharmaceuticals) are studied on two green microalgal species (Chlamydomonas moewusii and Chlorella vulgaris). Flow cytometry protocols were used to detect the potential application of chlorophyll a fluorescent emission, cell viability, metabolic activity and membrane potential as cytotoxicity endpoints, besides an epifluorescence microscopy protocol for comet assay to detect genotoxicity level of cells. Obtained results confirm the suitability of them for the prospective assessment of the potential cytotoxicity of these aquatic pollutants. The two microalgal species analysed could be used as indicators in toxicity bioassays, being C. moewusii more sensitive than C. vulgaris. Among cell parameters assayed, the metabolic activity and the primary DNA damage stood out as sensitive cytotoxicity endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Prado
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira s/n, 15008A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rosa García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira s/n, 15008A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carmen Rioboo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira s/n, 15008A Coruña, Spain
| | - Concepción Herrero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira s/n, 15008A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángeles Cid
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira s/n, 15008A Coruña, Spain.
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Song GX, Tang Q, Huang Y, Wang R, Xi YY, Ni XL, Tao Z, Xue SF, Zhang JX. A host–guest complexation based fluorescent probe for the detection of paraquat and diquat herbicides in aqueous solutions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A new method based on fluorescence quenching of host–guest complexation was proposed for the determination of the two herbicides in river water and cabbages. The method is rapid, direct and simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Xian Song
- The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
| | - Qing Tang
- The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Ying Huang
- The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau SAR
- China
| | - Yun-Yun Xi
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Xin-Long Ni
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Sai-Feng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Jian-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province
- Guiyang 550002
- China
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18
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Interaction study of paraquat and silver electrode using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: Application in milk and tomato samples. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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19
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Oh JA, Lee JB, Lee SH, Shin HS. Ultra-trace level determination of diquat and paraquat residues in surface and drinking water using ion-pair liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: A comparison of direct injection and solid-phase extraction methods. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2900-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Aa Oh
- Department of Environmental Science; Kongju National University; Kongju Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bae Lee
- Geum River Environment Research Center; Okcheon-eup; Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyung Lee
- Geum River Environment Research Center; Okcheon-eup; Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Education; Kongju National University; Kongju Republic of Korea
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20
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Parameters affecting the determination of paraquat at silver rotating electrodes using differential pulse voltammetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ancr.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Pecev-Marinković ET, Grahovac ZM, Mitić SS, Pavlović AN, Rašić Mišić ID, Mitić MN. Determination of Herbicide Difenzoquat Methyl Sulfate in Citruses and Baby Juices by Kinetic-Spectrophotometric Method and HPLC Method. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Hernández-Mesa M, Airado-Rodríguez D, Cruces-Blanco C, García-Campaña AM. Novel cation selective exhaustive injection-sweeping procedure for 5-nitroimidazole determination in waters by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1341:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fang R, Yi LX, Shao YX, Zhang L, Chen GH. ON-LINE PRECONCENTRATION IN CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS FOR ANALYSIS OF AGROCHEMICAL RESIDUES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.794740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rou Fang
- a College of Food and Bioengineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Ling-Xiao Yi
- a College of Food and Bioengineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Yu-Xiu Shao
- a College of Food and Bioengineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Li Zhang
- a College of Food and Bioengineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Guan-Hua Chen
- a College of Food and Bioengineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
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24
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Lee SY, Müller CE. Large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching for monitoring of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) reactions by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:855-63. [PMID: 24431193 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) is a membrane glycoprotein involved in the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. Its main substrate is ATP yielding AMP and pyrophosphate. NPP1 has been proposed as a novel drug target, for diabetes type 2 and the treatment of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease leading to inflammatory arthritis. The monitoring of NPP1 reactions is difficult because its velocity is very slow requiring highly sensitive analytical procedures. In this study, a method of large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching was developed, and separations were optimized. Large sample volumes were loaded by hydrodynamic injection (5 psi, 13 s) followed by removal of a large plug of sample matrix from the capillary using polarity switching (-10 kV). The stacked analytes were subsequently separated in phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 9.2) at 20 kV. The validated method was found to be linear (R(2) = 0.9927) in the concentration range of 0.05-50 μM of AMP, with high accuracy and precision. The determined LOD and LOQ of AMP were 18 nM and 60 nM, respectively. Compared to a previously reported CE procedure using sweeping technique, a fivefold improvement of sensitivity was achieved. Moreover, the new technique was faster, and reproducibility of migration times was improved (RSD value = 1.2%). Importantly, adenine nucleotide analogs and derivatives tested as NPP1 inhibitors could be completely separated from the substrate ATP and the enzymatic product AMP. The method was applied to NPP1 inhibition assays investigating nucleotide-derived inhibitors in the presence of ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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25
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Agostini de Moraes M, Cocenza DS, da Cruz Vasconcellos F, Fraceto LF, Beppu MM. Chitosan and alginate biopolymer membranes for remediation of contaminated water with herbicides. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 131:222-227. [PMID: 24178315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the adsorption behavior of the herbicides diquat, difenzoquat and clomazone on biopolymer membranes prepared with alginate and chitosan (pristine and multi-layer model) for contaminated water remediation applications. Herbicides, at concentrations ranging from 5 μM to 200 μM, were adsorbed in either pure alginate, pure chitosan or a bilayer membrane composed of chitosan/alginate. No adsorption of clomazone was observed on any of the membranes, probably due to lack of electrostatic interactions between the herbicide and the membranes. Diquat and difenzoquat were only adsorbed on the alginate and chitosan/alginate membranes, indicating that this adsorption takes place in the alginate layer. At a concentration of 50 μM, diquat adsorption reaches ca. 95% after 120 min on both the alginate and chitosan/alginate membranes. The adsorption of difenzoquat, at the same concentration, reaches ca. 62% after 120 min on pure alginate membranes and ca. 12% on chitosan/alginate bilayer membranes. The adsorption isotherms for diquat and difenzoquat were further evaluated using the isotherm models proposed by Langmuir and by Freundlich, where the latter represented the best-fit model. Results indicate that adsorption occurs via coulombic interactions between the herbicides and alginate and is strongly related to the electrostatic charge, partition coefficients and dissociation constants of the herbicides. Biopolymer based membranes present novel systems for the removal of herbicides from contaminated water sources and hold great promise in the field of environmental science and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Agostini de Moraes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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26
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El Harmoudi H, Achak M, Farahi A, Lahrich S, El Gaini L, Abdennouri M, Bouzidi A, Bakasse M, El Mhammedi M. Sensitive determination of paraquat by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry with chitin modified carbon paste electrode. Talanta 2013; 115:172-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Anres P, Delaunay N, Vial J, Thormann W, Gareil P. Influence of high-conductivity buffer composition on field-enhanced sample injection coupled to sweeping in CE. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:353-62. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Thormann
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
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28
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Kubalczyk P, Bald E. Methods of Analyte Concentration in a Capillary. SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-35043-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the determination of some neonicotinoid insecticides in cucumber samples. Food Chem 2012; 133:544-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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30
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Anres P, Delaunay N, Vial J, Gareil P. A chemometric approach for the elucidation of the parameter impact in the hyphenation of field-enhanced sample injection and sweeping in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1169-81. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Moreira PN, de Pinho PG, Baltazar MT, Bastos ML, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Quantification of paraquat in postmortem samples by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry and review of the literature. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:338-349. [PMID: 21656535 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide implicated in numerous fatalities, mainly caused by voluntary ingestion. Several methods have been used to quantify PQ in plasma and urine samples of intoxicated humans as a predictor of clinical outcome. There is no validated method for the analysis of PQ in postmortem samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an analytical method, using gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS) after solid-phase extraction, to quantify PQ in postmortem samples, namely in whole blood, urine, liver, lung and kidney, to cover the routes of distribution, accumulation and elimination of PQ. The method proved to be selective as there were no interferences of endogenous compounds with the same retention time as PQ and ethyl paraquat (internal standard). The regression analysis for PQ was linear in the range 0-10 µg/mL. The detection limits ranged from 0.0076 µg/mL for urine to 0.047 µg/mL for whole blood, and the recoveries were suitable for forensic analysis. The proposed GC-IT/MS method provided an accurate and simple assay with adequate precision and recovery for the quantification of PQ in postmortem samples. The proof of applicability was performed in two fatal PQ intoxications. A review of the analytical methods for the determination of quaternary ammonium herbicides is also provided for a better understanding of the presently available techniques.
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32
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Chu HP, Chang SY. Determination of Paraquat and Diquat by Combination of Nanoparticles-Based Extraction with Capillary Electrophoresis. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201190123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Determination of some sulfonylurea herbicides in soil by a novel liquid-phase microextraction combined with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:1071-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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El Deeb S, Iriban MA, Gust R. MEKC as a powerful growing analytical technique. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:166-83. [PMID: 21171121 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the principle and the developments in MEKC in terms of separation power, sensitivity, and detection approaches more than 25 years after its appearance. Newly used surfactants are mentioned. Classical and new sample concentration techniques in MEKC are described. The different detection approaches in MEKC with advantages, limitations, and future prospects are also discussed. This review highlights the wider application of MEKC in different analytical fields. Various recent selected applications of this technique in different analytical fields are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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35
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Zhou Q, Mao J, Xiao J, Xie G. Uses of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as a good separation electrolyte for direct electrophoretic separation of quaternary ammonium herbicides. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1288-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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On-line stacking and sweeping capillary electrophoresis for detecting heroin metabolites in human urine. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7570-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 04/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Aranas AT, Guidote AM, Quirino JP. Sweeping and new on-line sample preconcentration techniques in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:175-85. [PMID: 19255749 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sweeping is a powerful on-line sample preconcentration technique that improves the concentration sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis (CE). This approach is designed to focus the analyte into narrow bands within the capillary, thereby increasing the sample volume that can be injected, without any loss of CE efficiency. It utilizes the interactions between an additive [i.e., a pseudostationary phase (PS) or complexing agent] in the separation buffer and the sample in a matrix that is devoid of the additive used. The accumulation occurs due to chromatographic partitioning, complexation or any interaction between analytes and the additive through electrophoresis. The extent of the preconcentration is dependent on the strength of interaction involved. Both charged and neutral analytes can be preconcentrated. Remarkable improvements--up to several thousandfold--in detection sensitivity have been achieved. This suggests that sweeping is a superior and general approach to on-line sample preconcentration in CE. The focusing mechanism of sweeping under different experimental conditions and its combination with other on-line preconcentration techniques are discussed in this review. The recently introduced techniques of transient trapping (tr-trapping) and analyte focusing by micelle collapse (AFMC) as well as other novel approaches to on-line sample preconcentration are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes T Aranas
- Department of Chemistry, Ateneo de Davao University, School of Arts and Sciences, Davao City, 8000, Philippines
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38
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Wang MJ, Tsai CH, Hsu WY, Liu JT, Lin CH. Optimization of separation and online sample concentration ofN,N-dimethyltryptamine and related compounds using MEKC. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:441-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Su HL, Hsieh YZ. Using cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography to determine selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1209:253-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Lin YH, Chiang JF, Lee MR, Lee RJ, Ko WK, Wu SM. Cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for analysis of morphine and its four metabolites in human urine. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2340-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Simpson SL, Quirino JP, Terabe S. On-line sample preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:504-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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42
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Intaraprasert J, Marriott PJ. On-line concentration of environmental pollutant samples by using capillary electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 384:661-701. [PMID: 18392589 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-376-9_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This chapter reviews the theory and methodological developments of on-line concentration techniques for the determination of environmental pollutant samples, such as organic and inorganic compounds in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and also in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Topics covered include a variety of on-line preconcentration strategies, which are now generally referred to as sample stacking and sweeping techniques. For each technique, surveyed methods are tabulated in order to assist in method selection. Innovative applications of sample stacking and sweeping to advanced environmental research are also emphasized. In addition, other comparative on-line concentration methods for environmental samples, namely, isotachophoretic stacking and anion and cation selective exhaustive injection-sweeping are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janpen Intaraprasert
- Department of Chemistry, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
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43
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Aulakh JS, Fekete A, Malik AK, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Mahajan R. Determination of Quats in Beverages and Urine Samples by Capillary Zone Eletrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adic.200790102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Cheng HL, Jong YJ, Li JH, Ko WK, Wu SM. Cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping MEKC for direct analysis of methamphetamine and its metabolites in urine. Electrophoresis 2007; 27:4711-6. [PMID: 17080473 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Direct analysis of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and p-hydroxymethamphetamine in urine was achieved by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar EKC. A bare fused-silica capillary (40 cm, 50 microm id) was filled with phosphate buffer (80 mM, pH 3, containing 20% ACN). Then a high-conductivity buffer (100 mM phosphate, pH 3; 6.9 kPa for 2.5 min) was injected. Samples were loaded using electrokinetic injection (10 kV, 600 s) which created long zones of cationic analytes. To enhance sensitivity by sweeping, the stacking step was performed using a phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 3, containing 20% ACN and 100 mM SDS) at -20 kV before separation by MEKC. This method was capable of detecting the analytes at ppb levels. The calibration plots were linear (r(2) >or= 0.9948) over a range of 100-5000 ng/mL for methamphetamine, and 100-2000 ng/mL for amphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine. The LODs (S/N = 3) were 20 ng/mL for methamphetamine, and 15 ng/mL for amphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine. The method was applied to analysis of 14 urine samples of addicts and is suitable for screening suspected samples for forensic purposes. The results showed good agreement with fluorescence polarization immunoassay and GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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45
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Abstract
This paper reviews recent methodological and instrumental advances in MEKC. Improvements in sensitivity arising from the use of on-line sample concentration (sweeping, stacking, and combination of both protocols) and derivatization (in-capillary reactions and coupling with flow-injection systems) and improvements in resolution obtained by changing the composition of the BGE (e.g., with organic modifiers, ionic liquids, nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants, mixed micelles, and vesicles) or using coated capillaries are discussed in detail. In addition, MS and LIF spectroscopy are examined in relation to their advantages and restrictions as applied to MEKC analysis. Some thoughts on potential future directions are also expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Silva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
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46
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Mejia E, Ding Y, Mora MF, Garcia CD. Determination of banned sudan dyes in chili powder by capillary electrophoresis. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Lin YH, Li JH, Ko WK, Wu SM. Direct and sensitive analysis of methamphetamine, ketamine, morphine and codeine in human urine by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1130:281-6. [PMID: 16600267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2005] [Revised: 03/18/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CSEI-Sweep-MEKC) was directly used to test some abuse drugs in human urine, including morphine (M), codeine (C), ketamine (K) and methamphetamine (MA). First, phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) containing 30% methanol was filled into uncoated fused silica capillary (40 cm, 50 microm I.D.), then high conductivity buffer (100 mM phosphate, 6.9 kPa for 99.9 s) was followed. Electrokinetic injection (10 kV, 500 s) was used to load samples and to enhance sensitivity. The stacking step and separation were performed at -20 kV and 200 nm using phosphate buffer (25 mM, pH 2.5) containing 20% methanol and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. Using CSEI-Sweep-MEKC, the analytes could be simultaneously analyzed and have a detection limit down to ppb level. It was unnecessary to have sample pretreatments. During method validation, calibration plots were linear (r>or=0.9982) over a range of 150-3,000 ng/mL for M and C, 250-5,000 n g/mL for MA, and 50-1,000 ng/mL for K. The limits of detection were 15 ng/mL for M and C, and 5 ng/mL for MA and K (S/N=3, sampling 500 s at 10 kV). Comparing with capillary zone electrophoresis, the results indicated that this stacking method could increase 6,000-fold sensitivity for analysis of MA. Our method was applied for analysis of 28 real urine samples. The results showed good coincidence with immunoassay and GC-MS. This method was feasible for application to detect trace levels of abused drugs in forensic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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48
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Meng P, Fang N, Wang M, Liu H, Chen DDY. Analysis of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy-methamphetamine by micellar capillary electrophoresis using cation-selective exhaustive injection. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3210-7. [PMID: 16858725 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cation-selective exhaustive injection (CSEI) is used as an on-line concentration method for the high-sensitivity analysis of illicit amphetamines using CE. Optimum conditions for the determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy-methamphetamine were investigated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (25 mM) in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.9) with 20% methanol as organic additive was used as the background electrolyte for CE separation. The LOD, based on an S/N of 3:1, was about 0.01 microg/mL using normal capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography, while by using CSEI in combination with micellar sweeping the sensitivity increased up to 1000-fold with the LOD lower than 50 pg/mL. The reproducibility of CSEI combined with micellar sweeping for analyzing amphetamines was satisfactory (relative standard deviation around 10% by using area ratios against an internal standard). This method is highly sensitive and can be used to analyze trace amount amphetamines in human hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinjia Meng
- Department of Forensic Science, China Peoples Public Security University, Beijing, China
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49
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Wang C, Wang Z, Han D, Wu Q, Zang X. Analysis of Carbamazepine in Tablet and Human Serum by Sweeping‐Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography Method. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600721746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Kremser L, Petsch M, Blaas D, Kenndler E. Influence of detergent additives on mobility of native and subviral rhinovirus particles in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:1112-21. [PMID: 16523456 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The electrophoretic properties of two human rhinovirus (HRV) serotypes, HRV2 and HRV14, their subviral particles, and their capsid proteins were investigated by CE using borate buffer, pH 8.3, as BGE and three different detergents as additives. In addition, the influence of modification of the capsid with an amine reactive fluorescent dye, Cy3.5, on migration in the electric field was assessed. We found that the reproducibility of the electrophoretic results was decisively dependent on the presence of the detergents above their respective CMC. As compared to the strong ionic detergent SDS, the nonionic, mild detergent dodecylpoly(ethyleneglycol ether) (D-PEG) efficiently and reproducibly resolved both, native viruses as well as subviral particles. Most of the analytes behaved as expected except native HRV2; this serotype showed a dramatically higher anionic mobility in SDS than in D-PEG. Additionally, its mobility decreased when each positive charge contributed from a lysine at the capsid surface was substituted by four negative charges upon derivatization with Cy3.5. We discuss the possibility that this effect is caused by differences in number and in arrangement of exposed lysines in the two serotypes leading to differences in the amount of bound SDS micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Kremser
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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