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Moussavi-Harami SF, Cleary SJ, Magnen M, Seo Y, Conrad C, English BC, Qiu L, Wang KM, Abram CL, Lowell CA, Looney MR. Loss of neutrophil Shp1 produces hemorrhagic and lethal acute lung injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.595575. [PMID: 38854059 PMCID: PMC11160570 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and neutrophils are critical to its pathogenesis. Neutrophil activation is closely regulated by inhibitory tyrosine phosphatases including Src homology region 2 domain containing phosphatase-1 (Shp1). Here, we report that loss of neutrophil Shp1 in mice produced hyperinflammation and lethal pulmonary hemorrhage in sterile inflammation and pathogen-induced models of acute lung injury (ALI) through a Syk kinase-dependent mechanism. We observed large intravascular neutrophil clusters, perivascular inflammation, and excessive neutrophil extracellular traps in neutrophil-specific Shp1 knockout mice suggesting an underlying mechanism for the observed pulmonary hemorrhage. Targeted immunomodulation through the administration of a Shp1 activator (SC43) reduced agonist-induced reactive oxygen species in vitro and ameliorated ALI-induced alveolar neutrophilia and NETs in vivo. We propose that the pharmacologic activation of Shp1 has the potential to fine-tune neutrophil hyperinflammation that is central to the pathogenesis of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Moussavi-Harami
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - S J Cleary
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - M Magnen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Y Seo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - C Conrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - B C English
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco
- CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco
| | - L Qiu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - K M Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - C L Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - C A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - M R Looney
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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Rivas-Arancibia S, Rodríguez-Martínez E, Valdés-Fuentes M, Miranda-Martínez A, Hernández-Orozco E, Reséndiz-Ramos C. Changes in SOD and NF-κB Levels in Substantia Nigra and the Intestine through Oxidative Stress Effects in a Wistar Rat Model of Ozone Pollution. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:536. [PMID: 38790641 PMCID: PMC11117973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to elucidate how O3 pollution causes a loss of regulation in the immune response in both the brain and the intestine. In this work, we studied the effect of exposing rats to low doses of O3 based on the association between the antioxidant response of superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and the nuclear factor kappa light chains of activated B cells (NFκB) as markers of inflammation. Method: Seventy-two Wistar rats were used, divided into six groups that received the following treatments: Control and 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days of O3. After treatment, tissues were extracted and processed using Western blotting, biochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques. The results indicated an increase in 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and Cu/Zn-SOD and a decrease in Mn-SOD, and SOD activity in the substantia nigra, jejunum, and colon decreased. Furthermore, the translocation of NFκB to the nucleus increased in the different organs studied. In conclusion, repeated exposure to O3 alters the regulation of the antioxidant and inflammatory response in the substantia nigra and the intestine. This indicates that these factors are critical in the loss of regulation in the inflammatory response; they respond to ozone pollution, which can occur in chronic degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selva Rivas-Arancibia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (E.R.-M.); (M.V.-F.); (A.M.-M.); (E.H.-O.); (C.R.-R.)
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Grauers Wiktorin H, Aydin E, Kiffin R, Vilhav C, Bourghardt Fagman J, Kaya M, Paul S, Westman B, Bratlie SO, Naredi P, Hellstrand K, Martner A. Impact of Surgery-Induced Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells and the NOX2/ROS Axis on Postoperative Survival in Human Pancreatic Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1135-1149. [PMID: 38598844 PMCID: PMC11044860 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical studies imply that surgery triggers inflammation that may entail tumor outgrowth and metastasis. The potential impact of surgery-induced inflammation in human pancreatic cancer is insufficiently explored. This study included 17 patients with periampullary cancer [pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) n = 14, ampullary carcinoma n = 2, cholangiocarcinoma n = 1] undergoing major pancreatic cancer surgery with curative intent. We analyzed the potential impact of preoperative and postoperative immune phenotypes and function on postoperative survival with >30 months follow-up. The surgery entailed prompt expansion of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) that generated NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Strong induction of immunosuppressive M-MDSC after surgery predicted poor postoperative survival and coincided with reduced functionality of circulating natural killer (NK) cells. The negative impact of surgery-induced M-MDSC on survival remained significant in separate analysis of patients with PDAC. M-MDSC-like cells isolated from patients after surgery significantly suppressed NK cell function ex vivo, which was reversed by inhibition of NOX2-derived ROS. High NOX2 subunit expression within resected tumors from patients with PDAC correlated with poor survival whereas high expression of markers of cytotoxic cells associated with longer survival. The surgery-induced myeloid inflammation was recapitulated in vivo in a murine model of NK cell-dependent metastasis. Surgical stress thus induced systemic accumulation of M-MDSC-like cells and promoted metastasis of NK cell-sensitive tumor cells. Genetic or pharmacologic suppression of NOX2 reduced surgery-induced inflammation and distant metastasis in this model. We propose that NOX2-derived ROS generated by surgery-induced M-MDSC may be targeted for improved outcome after pancreatic cancer surgery. SIGNIFICANCE Pancreatic cancer surgery triggered pronounced accumulation of NOX2+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells that inhibited NK cell function and negatively prognosticated postoperative patient survival. We propose the targeting of M-MDSC as a conceivable strategy to reduce postoperative immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Grauers Wiktorin
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ebru Aydin
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roberta Kiffin
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Vilhav
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bourghardt Fagman
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mustafa Kaya
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanchari Paul
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Westman
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Svein Olav Bratlie
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Hellstrand
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Martner
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Su MSW, Cheng YL, Lin YS, Wu JJ. Interplay between group A Streptococcus and host innate immune responses. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0005222. [PMID: 38451081 PMCID: PMC10966951 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00052-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYGroup A Streptococcus (GAS), also known as Streptococcus pyogenes, is a clinically well-adapted human pathogen that harbors rich virulence determinants contributing to a broad spectrum of diseases. GAS is capable of invading epithelial, endothelial, and professional phagocytic cells while evading host innate immune responses, including phagocytosis, selective autophagy, light chain 3-associated phagocytosis, and inflammation. However, without a more complete understanding of the different ways invasive GAS infections develop, it is difficult to appreciate how GAS survives and multiplies in host cells that have interactive immune networks. This review article attempts to provide an overview of the behaviors and mechanisms that allow pathogenic GAS to invade cells, along with the strategies that host cells practice to constrain GAS infection. We highlight the counteractions taken by GAS to apply virulence factors such as streptolysin O, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotidase, and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B as a hindrance to host innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Shu-Wei Su
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jong Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Horn KJ, Fulte S, Yang M, Lorenz BP, Clark SE. Neutrophil responsiveness to IL-10 impairs clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the lungs. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:4-15. [PMID: 37381945 PMCID: PMC10768920 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The early immune response to bacterial pneumonia requires a careful balance between pathogen clearance and tissue damage. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 is critical for restraining otherwise lethal pulmonary inflammation. However, pathogen-induced IL-10 is associated with bacterial persistence in the lungs. In this study, we used mice with myeloid cell specific deletion of IL-10R to investigate the cellular targets of IL-10 immune suppression during infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia. Our findings suggest that IL-10 restricts the neutrophil response to S. pneumoniae, as neutrophil recruitment to the lungs was elevated in myeloid IL-10 receptor (IL-10R)-deficient mice and neutrophils in the lungs of these mice were more effective at killing S. pneumoniae. Improved killing of S. pneumoniae was associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species and serine protease activity in IL-10R-deficient neutrophils. Similarly, IL-10 suppressed the ability of human neutrophils to kill S. pneumoniae. Burdens of S. pneumoniae were lower in myeloid IL-10R-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice, and adoptive transfer of IL-10R-deficient neutrophils into wild-type mice significantly improved pathogen clearance. Despite the potential for neutrophils to contribute to tissue damage, lung pathology scores were similar between genotypes. This contrasts with total IL-10 deficiency, which is associated with increased immunopathology during S. pneumoniae infection. Together, these findings identify neutrophils as a critical target of S. pneumoniae-induced immune suppression and highlight myeloid IL-10R abrogation as a mechanism to selectively reduce pathogen burdens without exacerbating pulmonary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadi J Horn
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Sam Fulte
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Michael Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO80045, United States
| | - Brian P Lorenz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Sarah E Clark
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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Bushmeleva K, Vyshtakalyuk A, Terenzhev D, Belov T, Nikitin E, Zobov V. Aronia melanocarpa Flavonol Extract-Antiradical and Immunomodulating Activities Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2976. [PMID: 37631187 PMCID: PMC10458422 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of Aronia melanocarpa's (A. melanocarpa) biological activity is focused on obtaining the crude extract and separation of the flavonol compounds. The extraction and fractionation of A. melanocarpa fruits, followed by quantitative analysis, were accomplished using high-performance liquid chromatography and Darco G-60 filtering. This approach enabled the quantification of flavonoids within each fraction. The antioxidative, immunomodulating activities and cytotoxicity with respect to the lymphoblast cell line RPMI-1788 were studied. The flavonol extract of A. melanocarpa has been shown to have a high capacity to neutralize free DPPH and AAPH radicals in vitro. It also caused an accelerated 'respiratory burst' formation of neutrophils and an increase in the metabolic reserves of cells in rats exposed to cyclophosphamide. The reference solution (an equivalent quercetin-rutin blend) contributed to a decrease in lipid peroxidation, intensifying phagocytosis processes. The studied compounds demonstrated their low influence on the leukocyte blood profile in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Bushmeleva
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.V.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (E.N.); (V.Z.)
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7
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Hu Z, Kopparapu PK, Deshmukh M, Jarneborn A, Gupta P, Ali A, Fei Y, Engdahl C, Pullerits R, Mohammad M, Jin T. The Impact of Aging and Toll-like Receptor 2 Deficiency on the Clinical Outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:332-342. [PMID: 36808423 PMCID: PMC10420399 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes a broad range of infections. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 senses the S. aureus lipoproteins in S. aureus infections. Aging raises the risk of infection. Our aim was to understand how aging and TLR2 affect the clinical outcomes of S. aureus bacteremia. Four groups of mice (wild type/young, wild type/old, TLR2-/-/young, and TLR2-/-/old) were intravenously infected with S. aureus, and the infection course was followed. Both TLR2 deficiency and aging enhanced the susceptibility to disease. Increased age was the main contributing factor for increased mortality rates and changes in spleen weight, whereas other clinical parameters, such as weight loss and kidney abscess formation, were more TLR2 dependent. Importantly, aging increased mortality rates without relying on TLR2. In vitro, both aging and TLR2 deficiency down-regulated cytokine/chemokine production of immune cells with distinct patterns. In summary, we demonstrate that aging and TLR2 deficiency impair the immune response to S. aureus bacteremia in distinct ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pradeep Kumar Kopparapu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Meghshree Deshmukh
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jarneborn
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Priti Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abukar Ali
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Fei
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rille Pullerits
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Majd Mohammad
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Levaro-Loquio D, Serrano-Luna J, Velásquez-Torres M, Higuera-Martínez G, Arciniega-Martínez IM, Reséndiz-Albor AA, Pérez-Vielma NM, Pacheco-Yépez J. In Vitro Evaluation of the Antiamoebic Activity of Kaempferol against Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica and in the Interactions of Amoebae with Hamster Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11216. [PMID: 37446394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) is a parasite in humans that provokes amoebiasis. The most employed drug is metronidazole (MTZ); however, some studies have reported that this drug induces genotoxic effects. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new compounds without toxicity that can eliminate E. histolytica. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that have demonstrated inhibition of growth and dysregulation of amoebic proteins. Despite the knowledge acquired to date, action mechanisms are not completely understood. The present work evaluates the effect of kaempferol against E. histolytica trophozoites and in the interactions with neutrophils from hamster, which is a susceptibility model. Our study demonstrated a significant reduction in the amoebic viability of trophozoites incubated with kaempferol at 150 μM for 90 min. The gene expression analysis showed a significant downregulation of Pr (peroxiredoxin), Rr (rubrerythrin), and TrxR (thioredoxin reductase). In interactions with amoebae and neutrophils for short times, we observed a reduction in ROS (reactive oxygen species), NO (nitric oxide), and MPO (myeloperoxidase) neutrophil activities. In conclusion, we confirmed that kaempferol is an effective drug against E. histolytica through the decrease in E. histolytica antioxidant enzyme expression and a regulator of several neutrophil mechanisms, such as MPO activity and the regulation of ROS and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Levaro-Loquio
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Jesús Serrano-Luna
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Maritza Velásquez-Torres
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Germán Higuera-Martínez
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | | | - Aldo Arturo Reséndiz-Albor
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Nadia Mabel Pérez-Vielma
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud, CICS, San Tomás, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Judith Pacheco-Yépez
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
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9
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Murano C, Gallo A, Nocerino A, Macina A, Cecchini Gualandi S, Boni R. Short-Term Thermal Stress Affects Immune Cell Features in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1954. [PMID: 37370464 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to global warming, animals are experiencing heat stress (HS), affecting many organic functions and species' survival. In this line, some characteristics of immune cells in sea urchins subjected to short-term HS were evaluated. Paracentrotus lividus adult females were randomly divided into three groups and housed in tanks at 17 °C. In two of these tanks, the temperatures were gradually increased up to 23 and 28 °C. Celomatic fluid was collected after 3 and 7 days. The coelomocytes were morphologically typed and evaluated for their mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lipoperoxidation extent (LPO), and hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2). Respiratory burst was induced by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). HS caused a significant change in the coelomocytes' type distribution. MMP increased in the 23 °C-group and decreased in the 28 °C-group at both 3 and 7 days. LPO only increased in the 28 °C-group at 7 days. H2O2 progressively decreased together with the temperature increase. Respiratory burst was detected in all groups, but it was higher in the 17 °C group. In conclusion, the increase in temperature above the comfort zone for this animal species affects their immune cells with possible impairment of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Murano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Aurora Nocerino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Macina
- Unit Marine Resources for Research, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Boni
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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10
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Bešlo D, Golubić N, Rastija V, Agić D, Karnaš M, Šubarić D, Lučić B. Antioxidant Activity, Metabolism, and Bioavailability of Polyphenols in the Diet of Animals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1141. [PMCID: PMC10294820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the world’s population grows, so does the need for more and more animal feed. In 2006, the EU banned the use of antibiotics and other chemicals in order to reduce chemical residues in food consumed by humans. It is well known that oxidative stress and inflammatory processes must be combated to achieve higher productivity. The adverse effects of the use of pharmaceuticals and other synthetic compounds on animal health and product quality and safety have increased interest in phytocompounds. With the use of plant polyphenols in animal nutrition, they are gaining more attention as a supplement to animal feed. Livestock feeding based on a sustainable, environmentally friendly approach (clean, safe, and green agriculture) would also be a win–win for farmers and society. There is an increasing interest in producing healthier products of animal origin with a higher ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to saturated fatty acids by modulating animal nutrition. Secondary plant metabolites (polyphenols) are essential chemical compounds for plant physiology as they are involved in various functions such as growth, pigmentation, and resistance to pathogenic organisms. Polyphenols are exogenous antioxidants that act as one of the first lines of cell defense. Therefore, the discoveries on the intracellular antioxidant activity of polyphenols as a plant supplement have contributed significantly to the improvement of antioxidant activity, as polyphenols prevent oxidative stress damage and eliminate excessively produced free radicals. To achieve animal welfare, reduce stress and the need for medicines, and increase the quality of food of animal origin, the addition of polyphenols to research and breeding can be practised in part with a free-choice approach to animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Bešlo
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.G.); (V.R.); (D.A.); (M.K.); (D.Š.)
| | - Nataša Golubić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.G.); (V.R.); (D.A.); (M.K.); (D.Š.)
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.G.); (V.R.); (D.A.); (M.K.); (D.Š.)
| | - Dejan Agić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.G.); (V.R.); (D.A.); (M.K.); (D.Š.)
| | - Maja Karnaš
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.G.); (V.R.); (D.A.); (M.K.); (D.Š.)
| | - Domagoj Šubarić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.G.); (V.R.); (D.A.); (M.K.); (D.Š.)
| | - Bono Lučić
- NMR Center, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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11
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Morshed AKMH, Paul S, Hossain A, Basak T, Hossain MS, Hasan MM, Hasibuzzaman MA, Rahaman TI, Mia MAR, Shing P, Sohel M, Bibi S, Dey D, Biswas P, Hasan MN, Ming LC, Tan CS. Baicalein as Promising Anticancer Agent: A Comprehensive Analysis on Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072128. [PMID: 37046789 PMCID: PMC10093079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant therapeutic advancements for cancer, an atrocious global burden (for example, health and economic) and radio- and chemo-resistance limit their effectiveness and result in unfavorable health consequences. Natural compounds are generally considered safer than synthetic drugs, and their use in cancer treatment alone, or in combination with conventional therapies, is increasingly becoming accepted. Interesting outcomes from pre-clinical trials using Baicalein in combination with conventional medicines have been reported, and some of them have also undergone clinical trials in later stages. As a result, we investigated the prospects of Baicalein, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the stems of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Oroxylum indicum Kurz, which targets a wide range of molecular changes that are involved in cancer development. In other words, this review is primarily driven by the findings from studies of Baicalein therapy in several cancer cell populations based on promising pre-clinical research. The modifications of numerous signal transduction mechanisms and transcriptional agents have been highlighted as the major players for Baicalein’s anti-malignant properties at the micro level. These include AKT serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT) as well as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, matrix metalloproteinases-2 & 9 (MMP-2 & 9), Wnt/-catenin, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB, Caspase-3/8/9, Smad4, Notch 1/Hes, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap 1), Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Src/Id1, ROS signaling, miR 183/ezrin, and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling cascades. The promise of Baicalein as an anti-inflammatory to anti-apoptotic/anti-angiogenic/anti-metastatic medicinal element for treating various malignancies and its capability to inhibit malignant stem cells, evidence of synergistic effects, and design of nanomedicine-based drugs are altogether well supported by the data presented in this review study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Helal Morshed
- Pathology and Pathophysiology, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Supti Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Arafat Hossain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Tuli Basak
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sanower Hossain
- Centre for Sustainability of Ecosystem and Earth Resources (Pusat ALAM), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia
| | - Md. Mehedi Hasan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Al Hasibuzzaman
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjim Ishraq Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdur Rashid Mia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Pollob Shing
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Bioscience, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Dipta Dey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Hasan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ching Siang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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12
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Parks SC, Okakpu OK, Azizpor P, Nguyen S, Martinez-Beltran S, Claudio I, Anesko K, Bhatia A, Dhillon HS, Dillman AR. Parasitic nematode secreted phospholipase A 2 suppresses cellular and humoral immunity by targeting hemocytes in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122451. [PMID: 37006283 PMCID: PMC10050561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A key aspect of parasitic nematode infection is the nematodes' ability to evade and/or suppress host immunity. This immunomodulatory ability is likely driven by the release of hundreds of excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs) during infection. While ESPs have been shown to display immunosuppressive effects on various hosts, our understanding of the molecular interactions between individual proteins released and host immunity requires further study. We have recently identified a secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) released from the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Steinernema carpocapsae we have named Sc-sPLA2. We report that Sc-sPLA2 increased mortality of Drosophila melanogaster infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae and promoted increased bacterial growth. Furthermore, our data showed that Sc-sPLA2 was able to downregulate both Toll and Imd pathway-associated antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including drosomycin and defensin, in addition to suppressing phagocytosis in the hemolymph. Sc-sPLA2 was also found to be toxic to D. melanogaster with the severity being both dose- and time-dependent. Collectively, our data highlighted that Sc-sPLA2 possessed both toxic and immunosuppressive capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C. Parks
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Ogadinma K. Okakpu
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Pakeeza Azizpor
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Susan Nguyen
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | | | - Isaiah Claudio
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Kyle Anesko
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Anil Bhatia
- Metabolomics Core Facility, IIGB, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Harpal S. Dhillon
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Adler R. Dillman
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
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13
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Andrés CMC, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Juan CA, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer and COVID-19 as Associated with Oxidative Stress. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:218. [PMID: 36851096 PMCID: PMC9966263 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells MDSCs are a heterogeneous population of cells that expand beyond their physiological regulation during pathologies such as cancer, inflammation, bacterial, and viral infections. Their key feature is their remarkable ability to suppress T cell and natural killer NK cell responses. Certain risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease, such as obesity and diabetes, are associated with oxidative stress. The resulting inflammation and oxidative stress can negatively impact the host. Similarly, cancer cells exhibit a sustained increase in intrinsic ROS generation that maintains the oncogenic phenotype and drives tumor progression. By disrupting endoplasmic reticulum calcium channels, intracellular ROS accumulation can disrupt protein folding and ultimately lead to proteostasis failure. In cancer and COVID-19, MDSCs consist of the same two subtypes (PMN-MSDC and M-MDSC). While the main role of polymorphonuclear MDSCs is to dampen the response of T cells and NK killer cells, they also produce reactive oxygen species ROS and reactive nitrogen species RNS. We here review the origin of MDSCs, their expansion mechanisms, and their suppressive functions in the context of cancer and COVID-19 associated with the presence of superoxide anion •O2- and reactive oxygen species ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Dutta B, Osato M. The RUNX Family, a Novel Multifaceted Guardian of the Genome. Cells 2023; 12:255. [PMID: 36672189 PMCID: PMC9856552 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA repair machinery exists to protect cells from daily genetic insults by orchestrating multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors. One such factor recently identified is the Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family, a group of proteins that act as a master transcriptional regulator for multiple biological functions such as embryonic development, stem cell behaviors, and oncogenesis. A significant number of studies in the past decades have delineated the involvement of RUNX proteins in DNA repair. Alterations in RUNX genes cause organ failure and predisposition to cancers, as seen in patients carrying mutations in the other well-established DNA repair genes. Herein, we review the currently existing findings and provide new insights into transcriptional and non-transcriptional multifaceted regulation of DNA repair by RUNX family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Dutta
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Motomi Osato
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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15
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Niemietz I, Brown KL. Hyaluronan promotes intracellular ROS production and apoptosis in TNFα-stimulated neutrophils. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1032469. [PMID: 36814915 PMCID: PMC9939446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1032469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyaluronan (HA) is an important structural component of the extracellular matrix and has well-described roles in maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis. With inflammation, HA metabolism (synthesis and degradation) increases and results in higher concentrations of soluble HA. Previously, we demonstrated that (soluble) HA primed resting neutrophils for the oxidative burst in response to a secondary stimulus. Notably, HA-mediated priming was not dependent on degranulation, which is a hallmark of priming by classical agents such as TNFα. In this study, we queried the ability of HA to prime neutrophils to different stimuli and its capacity to modulate neutrophil function in the presence of TNFα. Methods Blood neutrophils from healthy donors were stimulated ex vivo with HA in the absence and presence of classic neutrophil agonists, inclusive of TNFα. Western blotting was used to assess the activation (phosphorylation) of p38 MAPK, and key neutrophil functions associated with priming and activation, such as intracellular and extracellular ROS production, degranulation, and apoptosis, were evaluated by standard chemiluminescence assays (ROS) and flow cytometry. Results Hyaluronan is capable of atypical priming and, with TNFα, co-priming neutrophils for an enhanced (rate and/or magnitude) oxidative burst to various secondary stimuli. In addition, HA can augment intracellular ROS production that is directly induced by TNFα in resting neutrophils, which coincided with the activation of p38 MAPK and apoptosis. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the extracellular matrix component HA is a key modulator of neutrophil function(s) in the presence of inflammatory agents such as TNFα. Moreover, it provides additional evidence for the diversity and complexity of neutrophil priming and activation during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Niemietz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly L Brown
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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16
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Channer B, Matt SM, Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Pappa V, Agarwal Y, Wickman J, Gaskill PJ. Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:62-158. [PMID: 36757901 PMCID: PMC9832385 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function, regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also regulates critical functions in peripheral organs, such as blood pressure, renal activity, and intestinal motility. Beyond these functions, a growing body of evidence indicates that dopamine is an important immunoregulatory factor. Most types of immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopaminergic proteins, and many immune cells take up, produce, store, and/or release dopamine, suggesting that dopaminergic immunomodulation is important for immune function. Targeting these pathways could be a promising avenue for the treatment of inflammation and disease, but despite increasing research in this area, data on the specific effects of dopamine on many immune cells and disease processes remain inconsistent and poorly understood. Therefore, this review integrates the current knowledge of the role of dopamine in immune cell function and inflammatory signaling across systems. We also discuss the current understanding of dopaminergic regulation of immune signaling in the CNS and peripheral tissues, highlighting the role of dopaminergic immunomodulation in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, several neuropsychiatric conditions, neurologic human immunodeficiency virus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and others. Careful consideration is given to the influence of experimental design on results, and we note a number of areas in need of further research. Overall, this review integrates our knowledge of dopaminergic immunology at the cellular, tissue, and disease level and prompts the development of therapeutics and strategies targeted toward ameliorating disease through dopaminergic regulation of immunity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Canonically, dopamine is recognized as a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of movement, cognition, and reward. However, dopamine also acts as an immune modulator in the central nervous system and periphery. This review comprehensively assesses the current knowledge of dopaminergic immunomodulation and the role of dopamine in disease pathogenesis at the cellular and tissue level. This will provide broad access to this information across fields, identify areas in need of further investigation, and drive the development of dopaminergic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breana Channer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Stephanie M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Emily A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Jason Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
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17
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Mitochondrial ROS production by neutrophils is required for host antimicrobial function against Streptococcus pneumoniae and is controlled by A2B adenosine receptor signaling. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010700. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) control Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) infection through various antimicrobial activities. We previously found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were required for optimal antibacterial function, however, the NADPH oxidase is known to be dispensable for the ability of PMNs to kill pneumococci. In this study, we explored the role of ROS produced by the mitochondria in PMN antimicrobial defense against pneumococci. We found that the mitochondria are an important source of overall intracellular ROS produced by murine PMNs in response to infection. We investigated the host and bacterial factors involved and found that mitochondrial ROS (MitROS) are produced independent of bacterial capsule or pneumolysin but presence of live bacteria that are in direct contact with PMNs enhanced the response. We further found that MyD88-/- PMNs produced less MitROS in response to pneumococcal infection suggesting that released bacterial products acting as TLR ligands are sufficient for inducing MitROS production in PMNs. To test the role of MitROS in PMN function, we used an opsonophagocytic killing assay and found that MitROS were required for the ability of PMNs to kill pneumococci. We then investigated the role of MitROS in host resistance and found that MitROS are produced by PMNs in response to pneumococcal infection. Importantly, treatment of mice with a MitROS scavenger prior to systemic challenge resulted in reduced survival of infected hosts. In exploring host pathways that control MitROS, we focused on extracellular adenosine, which is known to control PMN anti-pneumococcal activity, and found that signaling through the A2B adenosine receptor inhibits MitROS production by PMNs. A2BR-/- mice produced more MitROS and were significantly more resistant to infection. Finally, we verified the clinical relevance of our findings using human PMNs. In summary, we identified a novel pathway that controls MitROS production by PMNs, shaping host resistance against S. pneumoniae.
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18
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Nteliopoulos G, Nikolakopoulou Z, Chow BHN, Corless R, Nguyen B, Dimarakis I. Lung injury following cardiopulmonary bypass: a clinical update. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:871-880. [PMID: 36408601 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2149492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an integral component of cardiac surgery; however, one of its most critical complications is acute lung injury induced by multiple factors including systemic inflammatory response. AREAS COVERED The objective of this review is to investigate the multiple factors that can lead to CPB-induced lung injury. These include contact of blood components with the artificial surface of the CPB circuit, local and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), lung ischemia/re-perfusion injury, arrest of ventilation, and circulating endotoxins. We also focus on possible interventions to curtail the negative impact of CPB, such as off-pump surgery, impregnation of the circuit with less biologically active substances, leukocyte depletion filters and ultrafiltration, and pharmacological agents such as steroids and aprotinin. EXPERT OPINION Although many aspects of CPB are proposed to contribute to lung injury, its overall role is still not clear. Multiple interventions have been introduced to reduce the risk of pulmonary dysfunction, with many of these interventions having shown promising results, significantly attenuating inflammatory mediators and improving post-operative outcome. However, since lung injury is multifactorial and affected by inextricably linked components, multiple interventions tackling each of them is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zacharoula Nikolakopoulou
- Department of Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bobby Hiu Nam Chow
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Bao Nguyen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - Ioannis Dimarakis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
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19
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4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxamide acyclonucleoside phosphonates hybrids: human MCF-7 breast cancer cell death induction by oxidative stress-promoting and in silico ADMET studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Abstract
NOX2 is the prototypical member of the NADPH oxidase NOX superfamily and produces superoxide (O2•-), a key reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is essential in innate and adaptive immunity. Mutations that lead to deficiency in NOX2 activity correlate with increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections, resulting in chronic granulomatous disease. The core of NOX2 is formed by a heterodimeric transmembrane complex composed of NOX2 (formerly gp91) and p22, but a detailed description of its structural architecture is lacking. Here, we present the structure of the human NOX2 core complex bound to a selective anti-NOX2 antibody fragment. The core complex reveals an intricate extracellular topology of NOX2, a four-transmembrane fold of the p22 subunit, and an extensive transmembrane interface which provides insights into NOX2 assembly and activation. Functional assays uncover an inhibitory activity of the 7G5 antibody mediated by internalization-dependent and internalization-independent mechanisms. Overall, our results provide insights into the NOX2 core complex architecture, disease-causing mutations, and potential avenues for selective NOX2 pharmacological modulation.
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21
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Hu Z, Kopparapu PK, Ebner P, Mohammad M, Lind S, Jarneborn A, Dahlgren C, Schultz M, Deshmukh M, Pullerits R, Nega M, Nguyen MT, Fei Y, Forsman H, Götz F, Jin T. Phenol-soluble modulin α and β display divergent roles in mice with staphylococcal septic arthritis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:910. [PMID: 36065015 PMCID: PMC9445034 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenol-soluble modulin α (PSMα) is identified as potent virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. Very little is known about the role of PSMβ which belongs to the same toxin family. Here we compared the role of PSMs in S. aureus-induced septic arthritis in a murine model using three isogenic S. aureus strains differing in the expression of PSMs (Newman, Δpsmα, and Δpsmβ). The effects of PSMs on neutrophil NADPH-oxidase activity were determined in vitro. We show that the PSMα activates neutrophils via the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) 2 and reduces their NADPH-oxidase activity in response to the phorbol ester PMA. Despite being a poor neutrophil activator, PSMβ has the ability to reduce the neutrophil activating effect of PSMα and to partly reverse the effect of PSMα on the neutrophil response to PMA. Mice infected with S. aureus lacking PSMα had better weight development and lower bacterial burden in the kidneys compared to mice infected with the parental strain, whereas mice infected with bacteria lacking PSMβ strain developed more severe septic arthritis accompanied with higher IL-6 and KC. We conclude that PSMα and PSMβ play distinct roles in septic arthritis: PSMα aggravates systemic infection, whereas PSMβ protects arthritis development. Phenol-soluble modulin α and β display divergent roles in staphylococcal infection and its associated septic arthritis - whereas PSMα is a virulence factor for neutrophils that worsens infection, PSMβ protects from the development of septic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center for Clinical Laboratories, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pradeep Kumar Kopparapu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrick Ebner
- Department of Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Majd Mohammad
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Lind
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jarneborn
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michelle Schultz
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Meghshree Deshmukh
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rille Pullerits
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mulugeta Nega
- Department of Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Minh-Thu Nguyen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ying Fei
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Friedrich Götz
- Department of Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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22
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Basic Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Important Framework for Laboratory Diagnostics of the Impairment of the Central Nervous System. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3666-3680. [PMID: 36005147 PMCID: PMC9406567 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory analysis of basic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters is considered as essential for any CSF evaluation. It can provide rapidly very valuable information about the status of the central nervous system (CNS). Our retrospective study evaluated parameters of basic CSF analysis in cases of either infectious or non-infectious CNS involvement. Neutrophils are effector cells of innate immunity. Predominance of neutrophils was found in 98.2% of patients with purulent inflammation in CNS. Lymphocytes are cellular substrate of adaptive immunity. We found their predominance in 94.8% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 66.7% of patients with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), 92.2% of patients with neuroborreliosis, 83.3% of patients with inflammatory response with oxidative burst of macrophages in CNS and 75.0% of patients with malignant infiltration of meninges (MIM). The simultaneous assessment of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in CSF using the coefficient of energy balance (KEB) allows us to specify the type of inflammation in CNS. We found predominantly aerobic metabolism (KEB > 28.0) in 100.0% CSF of patients with normal CSF findings and in 92.8% CSF of patients with MS. Predominant faintly anaerobic metabolism (28.0 > KEB > 20.0) in CSF was found in 71.8% patients with TBE and in 64.7% patients with neuroborreliosis. Strong anaerobic metabolism (KEB < 10.0) was found in the CSF of 99.1% patients with purulent inflammation, 100.0% patients with inflammatory response with oxidative burst of macrophages and in 80.6% patients with MIM. Joint evaluation of basic CSF parameters provides sufficient information about the immune response in the CSF compartment for rapid and reliable diagnosis of CNS involvement.
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23
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Horn KJ, Schopper MA, Drigot ZG, Clark SE. Airway Prevotella promote TLR2-dependent neutrophil activation and rapid clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the lung. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3321. [PMID: 35680890 PMCID: PMC9184549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates how specific members of the lung microbiome influence the early immune response to infection. Prevotella species are a major component of the endogenous airway microbiota. Increased abundance of Prevotella melaninogenica correlates with reduced infection with the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, indicating a potentially beneficial role. Here, we show that P. melaninogenica enhances protection against S. pneumoniae, resulting in rapid pathogen clearance from the lung and improved survival in a mouse lung co-infection model. This response requires recognition of P. melaninogenica lipoproteins by toll-like receptor (TLR)2, the induction of TNFα, and neutrophils, as the loss of any of these factors abrogates Prevotella-induced protection. Improved clearance of S. pneumoniae is associated with increased serine protease-mediated killing by lung neutrophils and restraint of P. melaninogenica-induced inflammation by IL-10 in co-infected mice. Together, these findings highlight innate immune priming by airway Prevotella as an important protective feature in the respiratory tract. How the airway microbiome protects against bacterial pneumonia remains unclear. Here, the authors identify airway bacterial species that activate the immune system to facilitate rapid clearance of the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae from the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadi J Horn
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Melissa A Schopper
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Zoe G Drigot
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,University of Colorado Boulder, College of Arts and Sciences, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Sarah E Clark
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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24
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Protective Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Respiratory Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050879. [PMID: 35624744 PMCID: PMC9137500 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the leading cause of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), bacterial pneumonia can result in tremendous losses in the herd farming industry worldwide. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an acetylated precursor of the amino acid L-cysteine, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. To explore the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of NAC in ALI, we investigated its role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bovine embryo tracheal cells (EBTr) and mouse lung injury models. We found that NAC pretreatment attenuated LPS-induced inflammation in EBTr and mouse models. Moreover, LPS suppressed the expression of oxidative-related factors in EBTr and promoted gene expression and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, the pretreatment of NAC alleviated the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and decreased their mRNA levels, maintaining stable levels of antioxidative gene expression. In vivo, NAC helped LPS-induced inflammatory responses and lung injury in ALI mice. The relative protein concentration, total cells, and percentage of neutrophils in BALF; the level of secretion of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β; MPO activity; lung injury score; and the expression level of inflammatory-related genes were decreased significantly in the NAC group compared with the LPS group. NAC also ameliorated LPS-induced mRNA level changes in antioxidative genes. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NAC affects the inflammatory and oxidative response, alleviating LPS-induced EBTr inflammation and mouse lung injury, which offers a natural therapeutic strategy for BRD.
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25
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Simmons SR, Tchalla EYI, Bhalla M, Bou Ghanem EN. The Age-Driven Decline in Neutrophil Function Contributes to the Reduced Efficacy of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Old Hosts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:849224. [PMID: 35402289 PMCID: PMC8984502 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.849224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of vaccines, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains a serious cause of infections in the elderly. The efficacy of anti-pneumococcal vaccines declines with age. While age-driven changes in antibody responses are well defined, less is known about the role of innate immune cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in the reduced vaccine protection seen in aging. Here we explored the role of PMNs in protection against S. pneumoniae in vaccinated hosts. We found that depletion of PMNs in pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) treated young mice prior to pulmonary challenge with S. pneumoniae resulted in dramatic loss of host protection against infection. Immunization boosted the ability of PMNs to kill S. pneumoniae and this was dependent on bacterial opsonization by antibodies. Bacterial opsonization with immune sera increased several PMN anti-microbial activities including bacterial uptake, degranulation and ROS production. As expected, PCV failed to protect old mice against S. pneumoniae. In probing the role of PMNs in this impaired protection, we found that aging was accompanied by an intrinsic decline in PMN function. PMNs from old mice failed to effectively kill S. pneumoniae even when the bacteria were opsonized with immune sera from young controls. In exploring mechanisms, we found that PMNs from old mice produced less of the antimicrobial peptide CRAMP and failed to efficiently kill engulfed pneumococci. Importantly, adoptive transfer of PMNs from young mice reversed the susceptibility of vaccinated old mice to pneumococcal infection. Overall, this study demonstrates that the age-driven decline in PMN function impairs vaccine-mediated protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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26
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Neutrophils in Extravascular Body Fluids: Cytological-Energy Analysis Enables Rapid, Reliable and Inexpensive Detection of Purulent Inflammation and Tissue Damage. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020160. [PMID: 35207447 PMCID: PMC8877237 DOI: 10.3390/life12020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous cytological and metabolic investigation of various extravascular body fluids (EBFs) provides clinically relevant information about the type and intensity of the immune response in particular organ systems. The oxidative burst of professional phagocytes with the concomitant production of reactive oxygen species consumes a large amount of oxygen and is the cause of switch to the development of anaerobic metabolism. We assessed the relationships between percentages of neutrophils, aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, and tissue damage via the determination of aspartate aminotransferase catalytic activities (AST) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural effusions (PE), abdominal effusions (AE), and synovial fluids (SF). EBFs with 0.0–20.0% neutrophils: 83.0% aerobic and 1.3% strongly anaerobic cases with median of AST = 13.8 IU/L in CSF; 68.0% aerobic and 9.0% strongly anaerobic cases with median of AST = 20.4 IU/L in PE; 77.5% aerobic and 10.5% strongly anaerobic cases with median of AST = 18.0 IU/L in AE; 64.1% aerobic and 7.7% strongly anaerobic cases with median of AST = 13.8 IU/L in SF. EBFs with 80.0–100.0% neutrophils: 4.2% aerobic and 73.7% strongly anaerobic cases with median of AST = 19.2 IU/L in CSF; 7.4% aerobic and 77.3% strongly anaerobic cases with median of AST = 145.2 IU/L in PE; 11.8% aerobic and 73.7% strongly anaerobic cases with median of AST = 61.8 IU/L in AE; 25.5% aerobic and 38.2% strongly anaerobic cases with median of AST = 37.2 IU/L in SF. The significant presence of neutrophils, concomitant strong anaerobic metabolism, and elevated AST in various EBFs are reliable signs of damaging purulent inflammation.
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27
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Kelk D, Logan J, Andersen I, Gutierrez Cardenas D, Bell SC, Wainwright CE, Sly PD, Fantino E. Neutrophil respiratory burst activity is not exaggerated in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2022; 21:707-712. [PMID: 34991978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exaggerated neutrophil-dominated inflammation underlies progressive cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Older studies reported a defective respiratory burst in CF, but more recent studies suggest neutrophil function is normal. METHODS We measured the amount and rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during PMA-stimulated respiratory burst activity in children [70 CF, 13 disease controls, 19 health controls] and adults [31 CF, 14 health controls] in neutrophils harvested from peripheral blood. Blood was collected from participants with CF when clinically stable (60 children, 9 adults) and on hospital admission (38 children, 24 adults) and discharge (18 children, 21 adults) for acute pulmonary exacerbations. RESULTS When clinically stable, children with CF had lower ROS production [median 318,633, 25% 136,810 - 75% 569,523 RLU] than disease controls [median 599,459, 25% 425,566 - 75% 730,527 RLU] and healthy controls [median 534,073, 25% 334,057 - 75% 738,593 RLU] (p = 0.008). The rate of ROS production was also lower (p = 0.029). In neither children nor adults with CF did ROS production increase on hospital admission for acute pulmonary exacerbation, nor fall prior to discharge. There were no associations between ROS production and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (indicating systemic inflammation) in either children or adults with CF. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support a role for exaggerated respiratory burst activity contributing to the exaggerated neutrophil-dominated inflammation seen with CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Kelk
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
| | - Jayden Logan
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia; Child and Reproductive Health Research Group, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
| | - Isabella Andersen
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
| | - Diana Gutierrez Cardenas
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
| | - Scott C Bell
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane
| | - Claire E Wainwright
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia.
| | - Emmanuelle Fantino
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
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28
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Dey D, Hasan MM, Biswas P, Papadakos SP, Rayan RA, Tasnim S, Bilal M, Islam MJ, Arshe FA, Arshad EM, Farzana M, Rahaman TI, Baral SK, Paul P, Bibi S, Rahman MA, Kim B. Investigating the Anticancer Potential of Salvicine as a Modulator of Topoisomerase II and ROS Signaling Cascade. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899009. [PMID: 35719997 PMCID: PMC9198638 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvicine is a new diterpenoid quinone substance from a natural source, specifically in a Chinese herb. It has powerful growth-controlling abilities against a broad range of human cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo environments. A significant inhibitory effect of salvicine on multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells has also been discovered. Several research studies have examined the activities of salvicine on topoisomerase II (Topo II) by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. As opposed to the well-known Topo II toxin etoposide, salvicine mostly decreases the catalytic activity with a negligible DNA breakage effect, as revealed by several enzymatic experiments. Interestingly, salvicine dramatically reduces lung metastatic formation in the MDA-MB-435 orthotopic lung cancer cell line. Recent investigations have established that salvicine is a new non-intercalative Topo II toxin by interacting with the ATPase domains, increasing DNA-Topo II interaction, and suppressing DNA relegation and ATP hydrolysis. In addition, investigations have revealed that salvicine-induced ROS play a critical role in the anticancer-mediated signaling pathway, involving Topo II suppression, DNA damage, overcoming multidrug resistance, and tumor cell adhesion suppression, among other things. In the current study, we demonstrate the role of salvicine in regulating the ROS signaling pathway and the DNA damage response (DDR) in suppressing the progression of cancer cells. We depict the mechanism of action of salvicine in suppressing the DNA-Topo II complex through ROS induction along with a brief discussion of the anticancer perspective of salvicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipta Dey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Rehab A. Rayan
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sabiha Tasnim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- College of Pharmacy, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Mohammod Johirul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Alam Arshe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Efat Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maisha Farzana
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tanjim Ishraq Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | | | - Priyanka Paul
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Md. Ataur Rahman, ; Bonglee Kim,
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Md. Ataur Rahman, ; Bonglee Kim,
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29
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Berntsen HF, Bodin J, Øvrevik J, Berntsen CF, Østby GC, Brinchmann BC, Ropstad E, Myhre O. A human relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants induces reactive oxygen species formation in isolated human leucocytes: Involvement of the β2-adrenergic receptor. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106900. [PMID: 34607039 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chlorinated (Cl), brominated (Br) and perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is associated with immunotoxicity and other adverse effects in humans and animals. Previous studies on POPs have mainly focused on single chemicals, while studies on complex mixtures are limited. Using DCF and luminol assays we examined effects on ROS generation in isolated human neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, after in vitro exposure to a total mixture and sub-mixtures of 29 persistent compounds (Cl, Br, and PFAA). The mixtures were based on compounds prominent in blood, breast milk, and/or food. All mixture combinations induced ROS production in one or several of the cell models, and in some cases even at concentrations corresponding to human blood levels (compound range 1 pM - 16 nM). Whilst some interactions were detected (assessed using a mixed linear model), halogenated subgroups mainly acted additively. Mechanistic studies in neutrophils at 500× human levels (0.5 nM - 8 µM) indicated similar mechanisms of action for the Cl, PFAA, the combined PFAA + Cl and total (PFAA + Br + Cl) mixtures, and ROS responses appeared to involve β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and Ca2+ signalling, as well as activation of NADPH oxidases. In line with this, the total mixture also increased cyclic AMP at levels comparable with the non-selective βAR agonist, isoproterenol. Although the detailed mechanisms involved in these responses remain to be elucidated, our data show that POP mixtures at concentrations found in human blood, may trigger stress responses in circulating immune cells. Mixtures of POPs, further seemed to interfere with adrenergic pathways, indicating a novel role of βARs in POP-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Friis Berntsen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330, Majorstuen, 0304 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Johanna Bodin
- Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0456 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0456 Oslo, Norway; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Christopher Friis Berntsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sykehuset Innlandet Hospital Trust, Gjøvik, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gunn C Østby
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Bendik C Brinchmann
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330, Majorstuen, 0304 Oslo, Norway; Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0456 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0456 Oslo, Norway.
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30
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Cheng WJ, Chiang CC, Lin CY, Chen YL, Leu YL, Sie JY, Chen WL, Hsu CY, Kuo JJ, Hwang TL. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge Water Extract Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Effects in Human Neutrophils and Alleviates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:762829. [PMID: 34955833 PMCID: PMC8707293 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the primary immune cells in innate immunity, which are related to various inflammatory diseases. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge is a Chinese medicinal herb used to treat various oxidative stress-related inflammatory diseases. However, there are limited studies that elucidate the effects of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge in human neutrophils. In this study, we used isolated human neutrophils activated by various stimulants to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge water extract (AWE). Cell-free assays were used to examine free radicals scavenging capabilities on superoxide anion, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitrogen-centered radicals. Imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation mouse model was used for investigating anti-psoriatic effects. We found that AWE inhibited superoxide anion production, ROS generation, and elastase release in human neutrophils, which exhibiting a direct anti-neutrophil effect. Moreover, AWE exerted a ROS scavenging ability in the 2,2’-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride assay, but not superoxide anion in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay, suggesting that AWE exhibited anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory capabilities by both scavenging ROS and by directly inhibiting neutrophil activation. AWE also reduced CD11b expression and adhesion to endothelial cells in activated human neutrophils. Meanwhile, in mice with psoriasis-like skin inflammation, administration of topical AWE reduced both the affected area and the severity index score. It inhibited neutrophil infiltration, myeloperoxidase release, ROS-induced damage, and skin proliferation. In summary, AWE exhibited direct anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting neutrophil activation and anti-psoriatic effects in mice with IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Therefore, AWE could potentially be a pharmaceutical Chinese herbal medicine to inhibit neutrophilic inflammation for anti-psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chao Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Puxin Fengze Chinese Medicine Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Chen
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yu Sie
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Hsu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Jen Kuo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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31
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Friend or Foe? The Roles of Antioxidants in Acute Lung Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121956. [PMID: 34943059 PMCID: PMC8750496 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency caused by various intra- and extra-pulmonary injury factors. The oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the lungs plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALI. ROS is a "double-edged sword", which is widely involved in signal transduction and the life process of cells at a physiological concentration. However, excessive ROS can cause mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to the occurrence of various diseases. It is well-known that antioxidants can alleviate ALI by scavenging ROS. Nevertheless, more and more studies found that antioxidants have no significant effect on severe organ injury, and may even aggravate organ injury and reduce the survival rate of patients. Our study introduces the application of antioxidants in ALI, and explore the mechanisms of antioxidants failure in various diseases including it.
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Allosteric receptor modulation uncovers an FFA2R antagonist as a positive orthosteric modulator/agonist in disguise. Cell Signal 2021; 90:110208. [PMID: 34856356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel receptor crosstalk activation mechanism, through which signals generated by the agonist-occupied P2Y2R (the neutrophil receptor for ATP) activate allosterically modulated free fatty acid 2 receptor (FFA2R) without the involvement of any FFA2R agonist, was used to determine the inhibitor profiles of two earlier-described, FFA2R-specific antagonists, CATPB and GLPG0974. These antagonists have been shown to have somewhat different receptor-interaction characteristics at the molecular/functional level, although both are recognized by the orthosteric site in FFA2R. The antagonists inhibited neutrophil activation induced by ATP, an activation occurred only in the presence of either of the two positive allosteric FFA2R modulators (PAMs) AZ1729 and Cmp58. No neutrophil activation was induced by either AZ1729 or Cmp58 alone, whereas together they acted as co-agonistic PAMs and activated the superoxide-generating NADPH-oxidase in neutrophils. This response was inhibited by CATPB but not by GLPG0974. In contrast, GLPG0974 acted as a positive modulator, increasing the potency, albeit not the efficacy, of the co-agonistic PAMs. GLPG0974 also altered signaling downstream of FFA2R when activated by the co-agonistic PAMs. In the presence of GLPG0974, the response of neutrophils induced by the co-agonistic PAMs included an increase in the cytosolic concentration of free calcium ions (Ca2+), and this effect was reciprocal in that GLPG0974 triggered an increase in intracellular Ca2+, demonstrating that GLPG0974 acted as an FFA2R agonist. In summary, by studying the effects of the FFA2R ligand GLPG0974 on neutrophil activation induced by the co-agonists AZ1729 + Cmp58, we show that GLPG0974 is not only an FFA2R antagonist, but also displays agonistic and positive FFA2R-modulating functions that affect NADPH-oxidase activity and alter the receptor-downstream signaling induced by the co-agonistic PAMs.
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The Differential Reactive Oxygen Species Production of Tear Neutrophils in Response to Various Stimuli In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312899. [PMID: 34884704 PMCID: PMC8657846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) invade the ocular surface during prolonged eye closure (sleep); these leukocytes are commonly referred as tear PMNs. PMNs contribute to homeostasis and possess an arsenal of inflammatory mediators to protect against pathogens and foreign materials. This study examined the ability of tear PMNs to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), an essential killing mechanism for PMNs which can lead to oxidative stress and imbalance. Cells were collected after sleep from healthy participants using a gentle eye wash. ROS production in stimulated (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)) and unstimulated tear PMNs was measured using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence for 60 min. A high level of constitutive/spontaneous ROS production was observed in tear PMNs in the absence of any stimulus. While tear PMNs were able to produce ROS in response to PMA, they failed to appropriately respond to LPS and fMLP, although fMLP-stimulated tear PMNs generated ROS extracellularly in the first three minutes. Higher ROS generation was observed in isolated tear PMNs which may be due to priming from the magnetic bead cell separation system. The differential responses of tear PMNs in ROS generation provide further evidence of their potential inflammatory roles in ocular complications involving oxidative stress.
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Karanikas E. Psychologically Traumatic Oxidative Stress; A Comprehensive Review of Redox Mechanisms and Related Inflammatory Implications. PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 2021; 51:65-86. [PMID: 34887600 PMCID: PMC8601764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The organism's energy requirements for homeostatic balance are covered by the redox mechanisms. Yet in case of psychologically traumatic stress, allostatic regulations activate both pro-oxidant and antioxidant molecules as well as respective components of the inflammatory system. Thus a new setpoint of dynamic interactions among redox elements is reached. Similarly, a multifaceted interplay between redox and inflammatory fields is activated with the mediation of major effector systems such as the immune system, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, kynurenine, and the glycaemic regulatory one. In case of sustained and/or intense traumatic stress the prophylactic antioxidant components are inadequate to provide the organism with neuroprotection finally culminating in Oxidative Stress and subsequently to cellular apoptosis. In parallel multiple inflammatory systems trigger and/or are triggered by the redox systems in tight fashion so that the causation sequence appears obscure. This exhaustive review aims at the comprehension of the interaction among components of the redox system as well as to the collection of disperse findings relative to the redox-inflammatory interplay in the context of traumatic stress so that new research strategies could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Karanikas
- Karanikas, Department of Psychiatry, General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kerr D, Gong Z, Suwatthee T, Luoma A, Roy S, Scarpaci R, Hwang HL, Henderson JM, Cao KD, Bu W, Lin B, Tietjen GT, Steck TL, Adams EJ, Lee KYC. How Tim proteins differentially exploit membrane features to attain robust target sensitivity. Biophys J 2021; 120:4891-4902. [PMID: 34529946 PMCID: PMC8595564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance cells such as T cells and phagocytes utilize integral plasma membrane receptors to recognize surface signatures on triggered and activated cells such as those in apoptosis. One such family of plasma membrane sensors, the transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) proteins, specifically recognize phosphatidylserine (PS) but elicit distinct immunological responses. The molecular basis for the recognition of lipid signals on target cell surfaces is not well understood. Previous results suggest that basic side chains present at the membrane interface on the Tim proteins might facilitate association with additional anionic lipids including but not necessarily limited to PS. We, therefore, performed a comparative quantitative analysis of the binding of the murine Tim1, Tim3, and Tim4, to synthetic anionic phospholipid membranes under physiologically relevant conditions. X-ray reflectivity and vesicle binding studies were used to compare the water-soluble domain of Tim3 with results previously obtained for Tim1 and Tim4. Although a calcium link was essential for all three proteins, the three homologs differed in how they balance the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions driving membrane association. The proteins also varied in their sensing of phospholipid chain unsaturation and showed different degrees of cooperativity in their dependence on bilayer PS concentration. Surprisingly, trace amounts of anionic phosphatidic acid greatly strengthened the bilayer association of Tim3 and Tim4, but not Tim1. A novel mathematical model provided values for the binding parameters and illuminated the complex interplay among ligands. In conclusion, our results provide a quantitative description of the contrasting selectivity used by three Tim proteins in the recognition of phospholipids presented on target cell surfaces. This paradigm is generally applicable to the analysis of the binding of peripheral proteins to target membranes through the heterotropic cooperative interactions of multiple ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kerr
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhiliang Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Sobhan Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Renee Scarpaci
- City University of New York City College, New York, New York
| | - Hyeondo Luke Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Michael Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen D Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wei Bu
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Binhua Lin
- James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois; NSF's ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gregory T Tietjen
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplant and Immunology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Theodore L Steck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erin J Adams
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Immunology, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ka Yee C Lee
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois.
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Reactive Oxygen Species in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Reducing Radicals to Refine Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101616. [PMID: 34679751 PMCID: PMC8533157 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children and adolescents. Approximately 70% of patients survive >5-years following diagnosis, however, for those that fail upfront therapies, survival is poor. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated in a range of cancers and are emerging as significant contributors to the leukaemogenesis of ALL. ROS modulate the function of signalling proteins through oxidation of cysteine residues, as well as promote genomic instability by damaging DNA, to promote chemotherapy resistance. Current therapeutic approaches exploit the pro-oxidant intracellular environment of malignant B and T lymphoblasts to cause irreversible DNA damage and cell death, however these strategies impact normal haematopoiesis and lead to long lasting side-effects. Therapies suppressing ROS production, especially those targeting ROS producing enzymes such as the NADPH oxidases (NOXs), are emerging alternatives to treat cancers and may be exploited to improve the ALL treatment. Here, we discuss the roles that ROS play in normal haematopoiesis and in ALL. We explore the molecular mechanisms underpinning overproduction of ROS in ALL, and their roles in disease progression and drug resistance. Finally, we examine strategies to target ROS production, with a specific focus on the NOX enzymes, to improve the treatment of ALL.
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Herb M, Gluschko A, Schramm M. Reactive Oxygen Species: Not Omnipresent but Important in Many Locations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716406. [PMID: 34557488 PMCID: PMC8452931 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide, have been established over decades of research as, on the one hand, important and versatile molecules involved in a plethora of homeostatic processes and, on the other hand, as inducers of damage, pathologies and diseases. Which effects ROS induce, strongly depends on the cell type and the source, amount, duration and location of ROS production. Similar to cellular pH and calcium levels, which are both strictly regulated and only altered by the cell when necessary, the redox balance of the cell is also tightly regulated, not only on the level of the whole cell but in every cellular compartment. However, a still widespread view present in the scientific community is that the location of ROS production is of no major importance and that ROS randomly diffuse from their cellular source of production throughout the whole cell and hit their redox-sensitive targets when passing by. Yet, evidence is growing that cells regulate ROS production and therefore their redox balance by strictly controlling ROS source activation as well as localization, amount and duration of ROS production. Hopefully, future studies in the field of redox biology will consider these factors and analyze cellular ROS more specifically in order to revise the view of ROS as freely flowing through the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Gluschko
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Schramm
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
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Gluba-Brzózka A, Franczyk B, Rysz-Górzyńska M, Rokicki R, Koziarska-Rościszewska M, Rysz J. Pathomechanisms of Immunological Disturbances in β-Thalassemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189677. [PMID: 34575839 PMCID: PMC8469188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalassemia, a chronic disease with chronic anemia, is caused by mutations in the β-globin gene, leading to reduced levels or complete deficiency of β-globin chain synthesis. Patients with β-thalassemia display variable clinical severity which ranges from asymptomatic features to severe transfusion-dependent anemia and complications in multiple organs. They not only are at increased risk of blood-borne infections resulting from multiple transfusions, but they also show enhanced susceptibility to infections as a consequence of coexistent immune deficiency. Enhanced susceptibility to infections in β-thalassemia patients is associated with the interplay of several complex biological processes. β-thalassemia-related abnormalities of the innate immune system include decreased levels of complement, properdin, and lysozyme, reduced absorption and phagocytic ability of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, disturbed chemotaxis, and altered intracellular metabolism processes. According to available literature data, immunological abnormalities observed in patients with thalassemia can be caused by both the disease itself as well as therapies. The most important factors promoting such alterations involve iron overload, phenotypical and functional abnormalities of immune system cells resulting from chronic inflammation oxidative stress, multiple blood transfusion, iron chelation therapy, and splenectomy. Unravelling the mechanisms underlying immune deficiency in β-thalassemia patients may enable the designing of appropriate therapies for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (M.K.-R.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-42-639-3750
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (M.K.-R.); (J.R.)
| | - Magdalena Rysz-Górzyńska
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Robert Rokicki
- Clinic of Hand Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Koziarska-Rościszewska
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (M.K.-R.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (M.K.-R.); (J.R.)
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39
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Lind S, Holdfeldt A, Mårtensson J, Granberg KL, Forsman H, Dahlgren C. Multiple ligand recognition sites in free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2R) direct distinct neutrophil activation patterns. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114762. [PMID: 34499871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The allosteric modulating free fatty acid receptor 2 ligands Cmp58 and AZ1729, increased the activity induced by orthosteric receptor agonists mediating a rise in intracellular calcium ions and activation of the neutrophil NADPH-oxidase. Together, the two modulators triggered an orthosteric-agonist-independent activation of the oxidase without any rise in the concentration of intracellular calcium ions. In this study, structurally diverse compounds presumed to be ligands for free fatty acid receptor 2 were used to gain additional insights into receptor-modulation/signaling. We identified two molecules that activate neutrophils on their own and we classified one as allosteric agonist and the other as orthosteric agonist. Ten compounds were classified as allosteric FFA2R modulators. Of these, one activated neutrophils when combined with AZ1729; the nine remaining compounds activated neutrophils solely when combined with Cmp58. The activation signals were primarily biased when stimulated by two allosteric modulators interacting with different binding sites, such that two complementary modulators together triggered an activation of the NADPH-oxidase but no increase in the intracellular concentration of calcium ions. No neutrophil activation was induced when allosteric receptor modulators suggested to be recognized by the same binding site were combined, results in agreement with our proposed model for activation, in which the receptor has two different sites that selectively bind allosteric modulators. The down-stream signaling mediated by cross-sensitizing allosteric receptor modulators, occurring independent of any orthosteric agonist, represent a new mechanism for activation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lind
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - André Holdfeldt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Unit of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kenneth L Granberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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40
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Fan Y, Teng Y, Loison F, Pang A, Kasorn A, Shao X, Zhang C, Ren Q, Yu H, Zheng Y, Cancelas JA, Manis J, Chai L, Park SY, Zhao L, Xu Y, Feng S, Silberstein LE, Ma F, Luo HR. Targeting multiple cell death pathways extends the shelf life and preserves the function of human and mouse neutrophils for transfusion. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/604/eabb1069. [PMID: 34321317 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes from granulocyte transfusion (GTX) are disadvantaged by the short shelf life and compromised function of donor neutrophils. Spontaneous neutrophil death is heterogeneous and mediated by multiple pathways. Leveraging mechanistic knowledge and pharmacological screening, we identified a combined treatment, caspases-lysosomal membrane permeabilization-oxidant-necroptosis inhibition plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CLON-G), which altered neutrophil fate by simultaneously targeting multiple cell death pathways. CLON-G prolonged human and mouse neutrophil half-life in vitro from less than 1 day to greater than 5 days. CLON-G-treated aged neutrophils had equivalent morphology and function to fresh neutrophils, with no impairment to critical effector functions including phagocytosis, bacterial killing, chemotaxis, and reactive oxygen species production. Transfusion with stored CLON-G-treated 3-day-old neutrophils enhanced host defenses, alleviated infection-induced tissue damage, and prolonged survival as effectively as transfusion with fresh neutrophils in a clinically relevant murine GTX model of neutropenia-related bacterial pneumonia and systemic candidiasis. Last, CLON-G treatment prolonged the shelf life and preserved the function of apheresis-collected human GTX products both ex vivo and in vivo in immunodeficient mice. Thus, CLON-G treatment represents an effective and applicable clinical procedure for the storage and application of neutrophils in transfusion medicine, providing a therapeutic strategy for improving GTX efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yan Teng
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Division of Blood Bank, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital; and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fabien Loison
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Division of Blood Bank, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital; and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aiming Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Anongnard Kasorn
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Division of Blood Bank, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital; and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xinqi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Cunling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jose A Cancelas
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Hoxworth Blood Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - John Manis
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Division of Blood Bank, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital; and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Li Chai
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Division of Blood Bank, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital; and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Division of Blood Bank, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital; and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Division of Blood Bank, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital; and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuanfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Sizhou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Leslie E Silberstein
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Division of Blood Bank, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital; and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fengxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Division of Blood Bank, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital; and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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41
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Kataoka C, Kashiwada S. Ecological Risks Due to Immunotoxicological Effects on Aquatic Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8305. [PMID: 34361068 PMCID: PMC8347160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunotoxic effects of some anthropogenic pollutants on aquatic organisms are among the causes of concern over the presence of these pollutants in the marine environment. The immune system is part of an organism's biological defense necessarily for homeostasis. Thus, the immunotoxicological impacts on aquatic organisms are important to understand the effects of pollutant chemicals in the aquatic ecosystem. When aquatic organisms are exposed to pollutant chemicals with immunotoxicity, it results in poor health. In addition, aquatic organisms are exposed to pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Exposure to pollutant chemicals has reportedly caused aquatic organisms to show various immunotoxic symptoms such as histological changes of lymphoid tissue, changes of immune functionality and the distribution of immune cells, and changes in the resistance of organisms to infection by pathogens. Alterations of immune systems by contaminants can therefore lead to the deaths of individual organisms, increase the general risk of infections by pathogens, and probably decrease the populations of some species. This review introduced the immunotoxicological impact of pollutant chemicals in aquatic organisms, including invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and marine mammals; described typical biomarkers used in aquatic immunotoxicological studies; and then, discussed the current issues on ecological risk assessment and how to address ecological risk assessment through immunotoxicology. Moreover, the usefulness of the population growth rate to estimate the immunotoxicological impact of pollution chemicals was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kataoka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan;
- Research Centre for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
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42
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Yoo DG, Paracatu LC, Xu E, Lin X, Dinauer MC. NADPH Oxidase Limits Collaborative Pattern-Recognition Receptor Signaling to Regulate Neutrophil Cytokine Production in Response to Fungal Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:923-937. [PMID: 34301842 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by genetic defects in leukocyte NADPH oxidase, which has both microbicidal and immunomodulatory roles. Hence, CGD is characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections as well as aberrant inflammation. Fungal cell walls induce neutrophilic inflammation in CGD; yet, underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. This study investigated the receptors and signaling pathways driving aberrant proinflammatory cytokine production in CGD neutrophils activated by fungal cell walls. Although cytokine responses to β-glucan particles were similar in NADPH oxidase-competent and NADPH oxidase-deficient mouse and human neutrophils, stimulation with zymosan, a more complex fungal particle, induced elevated cytokine production in NADPH oxidase-deficient neutrophils. The dectin-1 C-type lectin receptor, which recognizes β-glucans (1-3), and TLRs mediated cytokine responses by wild-type murine neutrophils. In the absence of NADPH oxidase, fungal pathogen-associated molecular patterns engaged additional collaborative signaling with Mac-1 and TLRs to markedly increase cytokine production. Mechanistically, this cytokine overproduction is mediated by enhanced proximal activation of tyrosine phosphatase SHP2-Syk and downstream Card9-dependent NF-κB and Card9-independent JNK-c-Jun. This activation and amplified cytokine production were significantly decreased by exogenous H2O2 treatment, enzymatic generation of exogenous H2O2, or Mac-1 blockade. Similar to zymosan, Aspergillus fumigatus conidia induced increased signaling in CGD mouse neutrophils for activation of proinflammatory cytokine production, which also used Mac-1 and was Card9 dependent. This study, to our knowledge, provides new insights into how NADPH oxidase deficiency deregulates neutrophil cytokine production in response to fungal cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Goon Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Luana C Paracatu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Evan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Xin Lin
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Mary C Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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43
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Rac-dependent feedforward autoactivation of NOX2 leads to oxidative burst. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100982. [PMID: 34293347 PMCID: PMC8353492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) produces the superoxide anion radical (O2−), which has functions in both cell signaling and immune defense. NOX2 is a multimeric-protein complex consisting of several protein subunits including the GTPase Rac. NOX2 uniquely facilitates an oxidative burst, which is described by initially slow O2− production, which increases over time. The NOX2 oxidative burst is considered critical to immune defense because it enables expedited O2− production in response to infections. However, the mechanism of the initiation and progression of this oxidative burst and its implications for regulation of NOX2 have not been clarified. In this study, we show that the NOX2 oxidative burst is a result of autoactivation of NOX2 coupled with the redox function of Rac. NOX2 autoactivation begins when active Rac triggers NOX2 activation and the subsequent production of O2−, which in turn activates redox-sensitive Rac. This activated Rac further activates NOX2, amplifying the feedforward cycle and resulting in a NOX2-mediated oxidative burst. Using mutagenesis-based kinetic and cell analyses, we show that enzymatic activation of Rac is exclusively responsible for production of the active Rac trigger that initiates NOX2 autoactivation, whereas redox-mediated Rac activation is the main driving force of NOX2 autoactivation and contributes to generation of ∼98% of the active NOX2 in cells. The results of this study provide insight into the regulation of NOX2 function, which could be used to develop therapeutics to control immune responses associated with dysregulated NOX2 oxidative bursts.
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44
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Kubacki GW, Gilbert JL. The effect of hypochlorous acid on the tribocorrosion of CoCrMo/Ti-6Al-4V bearing couples. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2536-2544. [PMID: 34171172 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically assisted corrosion (MAC) of metallic orthopedic alloys is a consequence of the use of modular devices where opposing metal surfaces are tightly mated and loaded at the taper junction. MAC processes are affected by material surface characteristics and local solution chemistry. During inflammation, active immune cells may generate reactive oxygen species (such as hypochlorous acid [HOCl]) adjacent to surfaces undergoing micromotion, which may affect the tribocorrosion behavior of an implanted device. This study investigated the fretting current response of CoCrMo/Ti-6Al-4 V couples in a pin-on-disk apparatus utilizing HOCl solutions as a proxy for a severe inflammatory environment. Testing in 1 and 5 mM HOCl solutions were shown to generate a threefold and fivefold increase (p < 0.01), respectively, in fretting currents over pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline control conditions. Fretting currents were shown to be dependent on the energy dissipated during fretting and the concentration of HOCl where the currents within a single HOCl concentration were linearly dependent of energy dissipated, but different HOCl levels shifted (increased and then decreased) fretting currents with concentration. Fretting currents, governed by regrowth of an abraded oxide film, were affected by the oxidative power of the solution, which caused positive shifts in open circuit potential and likely resulted in a thicker oxide for 1 mM and 5 mM and fell with 30 mM. Small amounts of HOCl release within a joint may result in increased release of tribocorrosion products such as oxide particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kubacki
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering Program, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jeremy L Gilbert
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering Program, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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45
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Phelps DW, Fletcher AA, Rodriguez-Nunez I, Balik-Meisner MR, Tokarz DA, Reif DM, Germolec DR, Yoder JA. In vivo assessment of respiratory burst inhibition by xenobiotic exposure using larval zebrafish. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 17:94-104. [PMID: 32407153 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2020.1748772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, assessment of the potential immunotoxicity of a given agent involves a tiered approach for hazard identification and mechanistic studies, including observational studies, evaluation of immune function, and measurement of susceptibility to infectious and neoplastic diseases. These studies generally use costly low-throughput mammalian models. Zebrafish, however, offer an excellent alternative due to their rapid development, ease of maintenance, and homology to mammalian immune system function and development. Larval zebrafish also are a convenient model to study the innate immune system with no interference from the adaptive immune system. In this study, a respiratory burst assay (RBA) was utilized to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after developmental xenobiotic exposure. Embryos were exposed to non-teratogenic doses of chemicals and at 96 h post-fertilization, the ability to produce ROS was measured. Using the RBA, 12 compounds with varying immune-suppressive properties were screened. Seven compounds neither suppressed nor enhanced the respiratory burst; five reproducibly suppressed global ROS production, but with varying potencies: benzo[a]pyrene, 17β-estradiol, lead acetate, methoxychlor, and phenanthrene. These five compounds have all previously been reported as immunosuppressive in mammalian innate immunity assays. To evaluate whether the suppression of ROS by these compounds was a result of decreased immune cell numbers, flow cytometry with transgenic zebrafish larvae was used to count the numbers of neutrophils and macrophages after chemical exposure. With this assay, benzo[a]pyrene was found to be the only chemical that induced a change in the number of immune cells by increasing macrophage but not neutrophil numbers. Taken together, this work demonstrates the utility of zebrafish larvae as a vertebrate model for identifying compounds that impact innate immune function at non-teratogenic levels and validates measuring ROS production and phagocyte numbers as metrics for monitoring how xenobiotic exposure alters the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake W Phelps
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ashley A Fletcher
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Rodriguez-Nunez
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Debra A Tokarz
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dori R Germolec
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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46
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Szekeres FLM, Walum E, Wikström P, Arner A. A small molecule inhibitor of Nox2 and Nox4 improves contractile function after ischemia-reperfusion in the mouse heart. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11970. [PMID: 34099836 PMCID: PMC8184855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase enzymes Nox2 and 4, are important generators of Reactive oxygen species (ROS). These enzymes are abundantly expressed in cardiomyocytes and have been implicated in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Previous attempts with full inhibition of their activity using genetically modified animals have shown variable results, suggesting that a selective and graded inhibition could be a more relevant approach. We have, using chemical library screening, identified a new compound (GLX481304) which inhibits Nox 2 and 4 (with IC50 values of 1.25 µM) without general antioxidant effects or inhibitory effects on Nox 1. The compound inhibits ROS production in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes and improves cardiomyocyte contractility and contraction of whole retrogradely (Langendorff) perfused hearts after a global ischemia period. We conclude that a pharmacological and partial inhibition of ROS production by inhibition of Nox 2 and 4 is beneficial for recovery after ischemia reperfusion and might be a promising venue for treatment of ischemic injury to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc L M Szekeres
- Division of Genetic Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers Väg 8, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Biomedicine, Department of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Högskolevägen 1, 541 28, Skövde, Sweden.
| | - Erik Walum
- Glucox Biotech AB, Frälsegårdsvägen 8, 179 97, Färentuna, Sweden
| | - Per Wikström
- Glucox Biotech AB, Frälsegårdsvägen 8, 179 97, Färentuna, Sweden
| | - Anders Arner
- Division of Genetic Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers Väg 8, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Thoracic Surgery, Lund University, c/o Igelösa Life Science AB Igelösa 373, 225 94, Lund, Sweden
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47
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Matuchova I, Kelbich P, Kubalik J, Hanuljakova E, Stanek I, Maly V, Karpjuk O, Krejsek J. Cytological-energy analysis of pleural effusions with predominance of neutrophils. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2021; 14:1753466620935772. [PMID: 32600177 PMCID: PMC7328477 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620935772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The predominance of neutrophils in pleural effusions of patients with
different serious impairments of the pleural cavity organs is often found.
The aim of this study was to identify the type of injury using the
cytological-energy analysis of pleural effusions. Methods: We analysed 635 samples of pleural effusions with predominance of
neutrophils. We compared the values of the coefficient of energy balance
(KEB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
catalytic activities in the following subgroups of patients: with
transudative effusions, purulent pneumonia, chest empyema and after chest
surgery with and without purulent complications. Statistical analysis was
performed using the ANOVA Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.05
was considered as significant). Results: We found the lowest KEB values in pleural effusions of patients with chest
empyema and their gradual increases in patients with purulent pneumonia and
with transudative effusions. We observed the highest LDH and AST enzymes
activity in patients with chest empyema and their gradual decrease in
patients with purulent pneumonia and with transudative effusions. LDH and
AST enzymes activity was significantly higher in pleural effusions of
patients after chest surgery with purulent complications compared with
non-purulent cases. Conclusion: The most intensive inflammation and the most extensive tissue destruction in
the pleural cavity were found in patients with chest empyema. Significantly
better parameters were observed in patients with purulent pneumonia. The
absence of serious inflammation and the absence of tissue destruction were
typical for patients with transudative effusions. Finally, our results
confirmed an anticipated higher tissue destruction in patients after chest
surgery. Significantly worse injury was found in surgical patients with
purulent complications compared with non-purulent ones. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental
material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Matuchova
- Biomedical Centre, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Laboratory for Cerebrospinal Fluid, Neuroimmunology, Pathology and Special Diagnostics Topelex, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kelbich
- Biomedical Centre, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Socialni pece 3316/12A, 401 13, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Laboratory for Cerebrospinal Fluid, Neuroimmunology, Pathology and Special Diagnostics Topelex, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubalik
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hanuljakova
- Biomedical Centre, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.,Laboratory for Cerebrospinal Fluid, Neuroimmunology, Pathology and Special Diagnostics Topelex, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Stanek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Vilem Maly
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Karpjuk
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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48
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Szewczyk-Golec K, Pawłowska M, Wesołowski R, Wróblewski M, Mila-Kierzenkowska C. Oxidative Stress as a Possible Target in the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis: Perspectives and Ambiguities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115705. [PMID: 34071892 PMCID: PMC8198901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, a common disease, which is most typically asymptomatic. However, toxoplasmosis can be severe and even fatal in immunocompromised patients and fetuses. Available treatment options are limited, so there is a strong impetus to develop novel therapeutics. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology and treatment of T. gondii infection. Chemical compounds that modify redox status can reduce the parasite viability and thus be potential anti-Toxoplasma drugs. On the other hand, oxidative stress caused by the activation of the inflammatory response may have some deleterious consequences in host cells. In this respect, the potential use of natural antioxidants is worth considering, including melatonin and some vitamins, as possible novel anti-Toxoplasma therapeutics. Results of in vitro and animal studies are promising. However, supplementation with some antioxidants was found to promote the increase in parasitemia, and the disease was then characterized by a milder course. Undoubtedly, research in this area may have a significant impact on the future prospects of toxoplasmosis therapy.
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49
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Wilden JJ, Jacob JC, Ehrhardt C, Ludwig S, Boergeling Y. Altered Signal Transduction in the Immune Response to Influenza Virus and S. pneumoniae or S. aureus Co-Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5486. [PMID: 34067487 PMCID: PMC8196994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is a well-known respiratory pathogen, which still leads to many severe pulmonary infections in the human population every year. Morbidity and mortality rates are further increased if virus infection coincides with co-infections or superinfections caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This enhanced pathogenicity is due to complex interactions between the different pathogens and the host and its immune system and is mainly governed by altered intracellular signaling processes. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the innate and adaptive immune responses during co-infection with influenza virus and S. pneumoniae or S. aureus, describing the signaling pathways involved and how these interactions influence disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine J. Wilden
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.J.W.); (J.C.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Jasmin C. Jacob
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.J.W.); (J.C.J.); (S.L.)
- CiM-IMPRS, The Joined Graduate School of the Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster and the International Max Planck Research School—Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Christina Ehrhardt
- Section of Experimental Virology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.J.W.); (J.C.J.); (S.L.)
- “Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center (CIMIC)”, WWU Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Yvonne Boergeling
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.J.W.); (J.C.J.); (S.L.)
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50
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Renaudin X. Reactive oxygen species and DNA damage response in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 364:139-161. [PMID: 34507782 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Compared with normal cells, cancer cells often have an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. This high level of ROS allows the activation of different pathways essential for cellular transformation and tumorigenesis development. Increase of ROS can be due to increase of production or decrease of detoxification, both situations being well described in various cancers. Oxidative stress is involved at every step of cancer development from the initiation to the metastasis. How ROS arise is still a matter of debates and may vary with tissues, cell types or other conditions and may happen following a large diversity of mechanisms. Both oncogenic and tumor suppressor mutations can lead to an increase of ROS. In this chapter, I review how ROS are produced and detoxified and how ROS can damage DNA leading to the genomic instability featured in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Renaudin
- CNRS UMR9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France; Equipe labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer", Villejuif, France.
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