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McQuillan MA, Ranciaro A, Hansen MEB, Fan S, Beggs W, Belay G, Woldemeskel D, Tishkoff SA. Signatures of Convergent Evolution and Natural Selection at the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Region are Correlated with Agriculture in Ethnically Diverse Africans. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6677382. [PMID: 36026493 PMCID: PMC9547508 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family of genes encodes enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of ethanol into acetaldehyde. Nucleotide variation in ADH genes can affect the catalytic properties of these enzymes and is associated with a variety of traits, including alcoholism and cancer. Some ADH variants, including the ADH1B*48His (rs1229984) mutation in the ADH1B gene, reduce the risk of alcoholism and are under positive selection in multiple human populations. The advent of Neolithic agriculture and associated increase in fermented foods and beverages is hypothesized to have been a selective force acting on such variants. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in populations outside of Asia. Here, we use genome-wide selection scans to show that the ADH gene region is enriched for variants showing strong signals of positive selection in multiple Afroasiatic-speaking, agriculturalist populations from Ethiopia, and that this signal is unique among sub-Saharan Africans. We also observe strong selection signals at putatively functional variants in nearby lipid metabolism genes, which may influence evolutionary dynamics at the ADH region. Finally, we show that haplotypes carrying these selected variants were introduced into Northeast Africa from a West-Eurasian source within the last ∼2,000 years and experienced positive selection following admixture. These selection signals are not evident in nearby, genetically similar populations that practice hunting/gathering or pastoralist subsistence lifestyles, supporting the hypothesis that the emergence of agriculture shapes patterns of selection at ADH genes. Together, these results enhance our understanding of how adaptations to diverse environments and diets have influenced the African genomic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Ranciaro
- Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Shaohua Fan
- Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - William Beggs
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gurja Belay
- Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Woldemeskel
- Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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D’Erasmo L, Giammanco A, Suppressa P, Pavanello C, Iannuzzo G, Di Costanzo A, Tramontano D, Minicocci I, Bini S, Vogt A, Stewards K, Roeters Van Lennep J, Bertolini S, Arca M. Efficacy of Long-Term Treatment of Autosomal Recessive Hypercholesterolemia With Lomitapide: A Subanalysis of the Pan-European Lomitapide Study. Front Genet 2022; 13:937750. [PMID: 36072671 PMCID: PMC9442671 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.937750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroundand aim: Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism caused by pathogenic variants in the LDLRAP1 gene. Like homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, ARH is resistant to conventional LDL-lowering medications and causes a high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) and aortic valve stenosis. Lomitapide is emerging as an efficacious therapy in classical HoFH, but few data are available for ARH. Results: This is a subanalysis carried out on nine ARH patients included in the Pan-European Lomitapide Study. The age at starting lomitapide was 46 (interquartile range (IQR), 39.0–65.5) years, with a median treatment duration of 31.0 (IQR 14.0–40.5) months. At baseline, four (44.4%) patients had hypertension, one (11.1%) had diabetes mellitus, two (22.2%) were active smokers, and five (55.5%) reported ASCVD. The baseline LDL-C was 257.0 (IQR, 165.3–309.2) mg/dL. All patients were on statins plus ezetimibe, three were receiving Lipoprotein apheresis (LA), and one was also receiving proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i). The addition of lomitapide (mean dose, 10 mg) resulted in the achievement of a median on-treatment LDL-C of 101.7 mg/dL (IQR, 71.3–138.3; 60.4% reduction from baseline), with a best LDL-C value of 68.0 mg/dL (IQR, 43.7–86.7; 73.5% reduction from baseline). During follow-up, one patient stopped both PCSK9i and LA. Recurrence of ASCVD events was reported in one patient. The median on-treatment aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase values were 31.1 (IQR, 22.6–48.3) U/L and 31.1 (IQR, 27.2–53.8) U/L, respectively. Among six ARH patients with available fibroscan examination, liver stiffness values recorded at the last visit were within the normal range (median, 4.7 KPa; IQR, 3.6–5.3 KPa). Conclusion: Lomitapide is effective and safe in ARH therapy as well as in classical HoFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D’Erasmo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura D’Erasmo,
| | - Antonina Giammanco
- Dipartimento di Promozione Della Salute Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), Università Degli Studidi Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Suppressa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rare Diseases Centre “C. Frugoni”, University Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Costanzo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Tramontano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Minicocci
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Bini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anja Vogt
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kim Stewards
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Stefano Bertolini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Prata TVG, Manchiero C, Dantas BP, Nunes AKDS, Tengan FM, Magri MC. Effect of MTTP -493G/T, I128T, Q95H and Q244E polymorphisms on hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100094. [PMID: 36027755 PMCID: PMC9424342 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C is characterized by a progressive deterioration of liver function and is involved in metabolic complications, such as hepatic steatosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of host and viral characteristics associated with -493G/T (rs1800591), I128T (rs3816873), Q95H (rs61733139), and Q244E (rs17599091) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTTP) gene on hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis C. METHODS SNPs were genotyped by PCR-RFLP and analyzed in combination with host and viral characteristics by multiple logistic regression in different genetic models of inheritance. RESULTS The authors analyzed 236 patients with chronic hepatitis C, and 53% had hepatic steatosis. The mutated allele frequencies were > 5%, and the genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p ≥ 0.05). It was observed that patients with HCV genotype 3 infection (OR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.24‒6.06, p = 0.013), female sex (OR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.21‒4.28, p = 0.011) and moderate- and high-intensity liver inflammatory activity (A2-A3) (OR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.86‒7.01, p < 0.001) alone exhibited a higher risk of steatosis. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis for interaction showed that for the -493G/T SNP, when the GT/TT genotype (dominant model) and the GT genotype (codominant model) were each combined with HCV genotype 3 infection, an 11.51-fold (95% CI 2.08‒63.59, p = 0.005) and a 15.69-fold (95% CI 2.46‒99.85, p = 0.004) increased risk of steatosis, respectively, was observed. For the I128T SNP, when both the IT/TT genotype (dominant model) and the IT genotype (codominant model) were combined with HCV genotype 3 infection, an 8.51-fold (95% CI 1.59‒45.54, p = 0.012) and an 8.40 fold (95% CI 1.51‒46.91, p = 0.015) increased risk of steatosis, respectively, was observed. CONCLUSION The present study showed that the viral genotype combined with the -493G/T and I128T SNPs in the MTTP gene influences hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris Vaz Gago Prata
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Médica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Manchiero
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Médica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Peixoto Dantas
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Médica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arielle Karen da Silva Nunes
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Médica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fátima Mitiko Tengan
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Médica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cavalheiro Magri
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Médica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Sui Y, Meng Z, Chen J, Liu J, Hernandez R, Gonzales MB, Gwag T, Morris AJ, Zhou C. Effects of Dicyclohexyl Phthalate Exposure on PXR Activation and Lipid Homeostasis in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:127001. [PMID: 34851150 PMCID: PMC8634903 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to plastic-associated endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms for this association are unclear. Many EDCs have been shown to function as ligands of the nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR), which functions as xenobiotic sensor but also has pro-atherogenic effects in vivo. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the contribution of PXR to the adverse effects dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), a widely used phthalate plasticizer, on lipid homeostasis and CVD risk factors. METHODS Cell-based assays, primary organoid cultures, and PXR conditional knockout and PXR-humanized mouse models were used to investigate the impact of DCHP exposure on PXR activation and lipid homeostasis in vitro and in vivo. Targeted lipidomics were performed to measure circulating ceramides, novel predictors for CVD. RESULTS DCHP was identified as a potent PXR-selective agonist that led to higher plasma cholesterol levels in wild-type mice. DCHP was then demonstrated to activate intestinal PXR to elicit hyperlipidemia by using tissue-specific PXR-deficient mice. Interestingly, DCHP exposure also led to higher circulating ceramides in a PXR-dependent manner. DCHP-mediated PXR activation stimulated the expression of intestinal genes mediating lipogenesis and ceramide synthesis. Given that PXR exhibits considerable species-specific differences in receptor pharmacology, PXR-humanized mice were also used to replicate these findings. DISCUSSION Although the adverse health effects of several well-known phthalates have attracted considerable attention, little is known about the potential impact of DCHP on human health. Our studies demonstrate that DCHP activated PXR to induce hypercholesterolemia and ceramide production in mice. These results indicate a potentially important role of PXR in contributing to the deleterious effects of plastic-associated EDCs on cardiovascular health in humans. Testing PXR activation should be considered for risk assessment of phthalates and other EDCs. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9262.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Sui
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Zhaojie Meng
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Rebecca Hernandez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Miko B. Gonzales
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Taesik Gwag
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
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5
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Walther B, Lett AM, Bordoni A, Tomás‐Cobos L, Nieto JA, Dupont D, Danesi F, Shahar DR, Echaniz A, Re R, Fernandez AS, Deglaire A, Gille D, Schmid A, Vergères G. GutSelf: Interindividual Variability in the Processing of Dietary Compounds by the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900677. [PMID: 31483113 PMCID: PMC6900003 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional research is currently entering the field of personalized nutrition, to a large extent driven by major technological breakthroughs in analytical sciences and biocomputing. An efficient launching of the personalized approach depends on the ability of researchers to comprehensively monitor and characterize interindividual variability in the activity of the human gastrointestinal tract. This information is currently not available in such a form. This review therefore aims at identifying and discussing published data, providing evidence on interindividual variability in the processing of the major nutrients, i.e., protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, along the gastrointestinal tract, including oral processing, intestinal digestion, and absorption. Although interindividual variability is not a primary endpoint of most studies identified, a significant number of publications provides a wealth of information on this topic for each category of nutrients. This knowledge remains fragmented, however, and understanding the clinical relevance of most of the interindividual responses to food ingestion described in this review remains unclear. In that regard, this review has identified a gap and sets the base for future research addressing the issue of the interindividual variability in the response of the human organism to the ingestion of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Walther
- AgroscopeFederal Department of Economic AffairsEducation and Research EAER3003BerneSwitzerland
| | - Aaron M. Lett
- Section for Nutrition ResearchDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agri‐Food Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Bologna47521CesenaItaly
| | | | | | - Didier Dupont
- UMR 1253Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'ŒufINRA35000RennesFrance
| | - Francesca Danesi
- Department of Agri‐Food Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Bologna47521CesenaItaly
| | - Danit R. Shahar
- Department of Public HealthThe S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and NutritionBen‐Gurion University of the Negev84105Beer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Ana Echaniz
- Cambridge Food Science LtdCB23 5ABCambridgeUK
| | - Roberta Re
- Cambridge Food Science LtdCB23 5ABCambridgeUK
| | | | - Amélie Deglaire
- UMR 1253Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'ŒufINRA35000RennesFrance
| | - Doreen Gille
- AgroscopeFederal Department of Economic AffairsEducation and Research EAER3003BerneSwitzerland
| | - Alexandra Schmid
- AgroscopeFederal Department of Economic AffairsEducation and Research EAER3003BerneSwitzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- AgroscopeFederal Department of Economic AffairsEducation and Research EAER3003BerneSwitzerland
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Klevstig M, Arif M, Mannila M, Svedlund S, Mardani I, Ståhlman M, Andersson L, Lindbom M, Miljanovic A, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P, Jeppsson A, Gan LM, Levin M, Mardinoglu A, Ehrenborg E, Borén J. Cardiac expression of the microsomal triglyceride transport protein protects the heart function during ischemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 137:1-8. [PMID: 31533023 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The microsomal triglyceride transport protein (MTTP) is critical for assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins and is most abundant in the liver and intestine. Surprisingly, MTTP is also expressed in the heart. Here we tested the functional relevance of cardiac MTTP expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We combined clinical studies, advanced expression analysis of human heart biopsies and analyses in genetically modified mice lacking cardiac expression of the MTTP-A isoform of MTTP. RESULTS Our results indicate that lower cardiac MTTP expression in humans is associated with structural and perfusion abnormalities in patients with ischemic heart disease. MTTP-A deficiency in mice heart does not affect total MTTP expression, activity or lipid concentration in the heart. Despite this, MTTP-A deficient mice displayed impaired cardiac function after a myocardial infarction. Expression analysis of MTTP indicates that MTTP expression is linked to cardiac function and responses in the heart. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that MTTP may play an important role for the heart function in conjunction to ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Klevstig
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Mannila
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine at BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Svedlund
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ismena Mardani
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Andersson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Lindbom
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Azra Miljanovic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anaesthesia, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine at BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Malin Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ehrenborg
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine at BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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MTTP polymorphisms and hepatic steatosis in individuals chronically infected with hepatitis C virus. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2559-2563. [PMID: 31321587 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) gene were genotyped in individuals who were chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the 236 patients, the frequencies of risk alleles of the -164T/C (rs1800804), -400A/T (rs1800803) and H297Q (rs2306985) polymorphisms were 0.30, 0.41 and 0.50, respectively. A significant association between the risk alleles of the -164T/C and -400A/T polymorphisms combined with HCV genotype 3 infection and the occurrence of steatosis was detected (p = 0.004 and p = 0.032), suggesting that a combination of host and viral factors can potentially be used to predict hepatic steatosis.
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8
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Akgöllü E, Akkız H. Association between hepatic steatosis and MTP gene -493G/T polymorphism in the patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 70:101-106. [PMID: 30790698 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects approximately 250 million people worldwide. If patients are untreated, 80% of patients with chronic HCV develop liver failure, liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV genotype 1 is the most prevalent among the infected individuals with HCV. Hepatic steatosis is known as accumulation of lipid molecules in hepatocytes, and its prevalence is approximately 55% in CHC infection. The reason of HCV-related hepatic steatosis in CHC infection is mainly HCV core protein. HCV core protein inhibits activities of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) which is a lipid transfer protein expressed in the liver. The -493G/T polymorphism in the promoter region of MTP gene has been associated with HCV-related hepatic steatosis. This polymorphism in MTP gene influences MTP mRNA expression, therefore which might also affect lipid transfer. We evaluated the association between MTP gene polymorphism and the risk of HCV genotype 1-related hepatic steatosis. METHODS In the current study, MTP gene polymorphism was explored in 144 biopsy-proven chronic HCV genotype 1 patients by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS The results showed that there were no any difference between the steatosis and the non-steatosis groups for the allele and genotype frequencies of the -493G/T polymorphism (P > .05). Moreover, MTP genotypes (GG vs. TG + TT) were not associated with BMI, fibrosis stages and the levels of biochemical parameters. Additionally, there were statistically significant differences in the biochemical parameters including triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL levels between the two groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the current study demonstrates for the first time that MTP gene -493G/T polymorphism has not a major effect on the risk of HCV genotype 1-related hepatic steatosis in Turkish population. Further studies are imperative to clarify the association of this polymorphism with HCV genotype 1 infection in HCV-related hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Akgöllü
- Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Hikmet Akkız
- Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Adana, Turkey
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9
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Meng Z, Gwag T, Sui Y, Park SH, Zhou X, Zhou C. The atypical antipsychotic quetiapine induces hyperlipidemia by activating intestinal PXR signaling. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125657. [PMID: 30728326 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quetiapine, one of the most prescribed atypical antipsychotics, has been associated with hyperlipidemia and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we identified quetiapine as a potent and selective agonist for pregnane X receptor (PXR), a key nuclear receptor that regulates xenobiotic metabolism in the liver and intestine. Recent studies have indicated that PXR also plays an important role in lipid homeostasis. We generated potentially novel tissue-specific PXR-KO mice and demonstrated that quetiapine induced hyperlipidemia by activating intestinal PXR signaling. Quetiapine-mediated PXR activation stimulated the intestinal expression of cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), leading to increased intestinal lipid absorption. While NPC1L1 is a known PXR target gene, we identified a DR-1-type PXR-response element in the MTP promoter and established MTP as a potentially novel transcriptional target of PXR. Quetiapine's effects on PXR-mediated gene expression and cholesterol uptake were also confirmed in cultured murine enteroids and human intestinal cells. Our findings suggest a potential role of PXR in mediating adverse effects of quetiapine in humans and provide mechanistic insights for certain atypical antipsychotic-associated dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Taesik Gwag
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yipeng Sui
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiangping Zhou
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical College, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Walsh MT, Hussain MM. Targeting microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and lipoprotein assembly to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2016; 54:26-48. [PMID: 27690713 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2016.1221883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a polygenic disease arising from defects in the clearance of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which results in extremely elevated plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased risk of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and premature death. Conventional lipid-lowering therapies, such as statins and ezetimibe, are ineffective at lowering plasma cholesterol to safe levels in these patients. Other therapeutic options, such as LDL apheresis and liver transplantation, are inconvenient, costly, and not readily available. Recently, lomitapide was approved by the Federal Drug Administration as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of HoFH. Lomitapide inhibits microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), reduces lipoprotein assembly and secretion, and lowers plasma cholesterol levels by over 50%. Here, we explain the steps involved in lipoprotein assembly, summarize the role of MTP in lipoprotein assembly, explore the clinical and molecular basis of HoFH, and review pre-clinical studies and clinical trials with lomitapide and other MTP inhibitors for the treatment of HoFH. In addition, ongoing research and new approaches underway for better treatment modalities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan T Walsh
- a School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn , NY , USA.,b Department of Cell Biology , State University of New York Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn , NY , USA
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- b Department of Cell Biology , State University of New York Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn , NY , USA.,c Department of Pediatrics , SUNY Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn , NY , USA.,d VA New York Harbor Healthcare System , Brooklyn , NY , USA , and.,e Winthrop University Hospital , Mineola , NY , USA
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Walsh MT, Di Leo E, Okur I, Tarugi P, Hussain MM. Structure-function analyses of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein missense mutations in abetalipoproteinemia and hypobetalipoproteinemia subjects. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1623-1633. [PMID: 27487388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe two new hypolipidemic patients with very low plasma triglyceride and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels with plasma lipid profiles similar to abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) patients. In these patients, we identified two previously uncharacterized missense mutations in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) gene, R46G and D361Y, and studied their functional effects. We also characterized three missense mutations (H297Q, D384A, and G661A) reported earlier in a familial hypobetalipoproteinemia patient. R46G had no effect on MTP expression or function and supported apoB secretion. H297Q, D384A, and G661A mutants also supported apoB secretion similarly to WT MTP. Contrary to these four missense mutations, D361Y was unable to support apoB secretion. Functional analysis revealed that this mutant was unable to bind protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) or transfer lipids. The negative charge at residue 361 was critical for MTP function as D361E was able to support apoB secretion and transfer lipids. D361Y most likely disrupts the tightly packed middle α-helical region of MTP, mitigates PDI binding, abolishes lipid transfer activity, and causes ABL. On the other hand, the hypolipidemia in the other two patients was not due to MTP dysfunction. Thus, in this study of five missense mutations spread throughout MTP's three structural domains found in three hypolipidemic patients, we found that four of the mutations did not affect MTP function. Thus, novel mutations that cause severe hypolipidemia probably exist in other genes in these patients, and their recognition may identify novel proteins involved in the synthesis and/or catabolism of plasma lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan T Walsh
- School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Enza Di Leo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilyas Okur
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Patrizia Tarugi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11209, United States; Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, United States.
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Hsiao PJ, Lee MY, Wang YT, Jiang HJ, Lin PC, Yang YHC, Kuo KK. MTTP-297H polymorphism reduced serum cholesterol but increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:93. [PMID: 26458397 PMCID: PMC4603340 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) works to lipidate and assemble the apoB-containing lipoproteins in liver. It closely links up the hepatic secretion of lipid to regulate serum lipid and atherosclerosis. Cases of MTTP gene mutation is characterized by abetalipoproteinemia and remarkable hepatic steatosis or cirrhosis. Several MTTP polymorphisms have been reported relating to metabolic syndrome, hyperlipidemia and steatohepatitis. We supposed the regulation of serum lipids and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) formation may be modified by individual susceptibility related to the MTTP polymorphisms. Methods and results A cross-sectional population of 1193 subjects, 1087 males and 106 females mean aged 45.9 ± 8.9 years, were enrolled without recognized secondary hyperlipidemia. Fasting serum lipid, insulin, and non-esterified fatty acid were assessed and transformed to insulin resistance index, HOMA-IR and Adipo-IR. After ruling out alcohol abuser, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. Five common MTTP polymorphisms (promoter -493G/T, E98D, I128T, N166S, and Q297H) were conducted by TaqMan assay. Multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate their impact on serum lipid and NAFLD risk. Assessment revealed a differential impact on LDL-C and non-HDL-C, which were sequentially determined by the Q297H polymorphism, insulin resistance, body mass index and age. Carriers of homozygous minor allele (297H) had significantly lower LDL-C and non-HDL-C but higher risk for NAFLD. Molecular modeling of the 297H variant demonstrated higher free energy, potentially referring to an unstable structure and functional sequence. Conclusion These results evidenced the MTTP polymorphisms could modulate the lipid homeostasis to determine the serum lipids and risk of NAFLD. The MTTP 297H polymorphism interacted with age, insulin resistance and BMI to decrease serum apoB containing lipoproteins (LDL-C and non-HDL-C) but increase the risk of NAFLD formation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0242-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Jung Hsiao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Yueh Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yeng-Tseng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - He-Jiun Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Chen Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsin Connie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Tian Y, Li H, Wang S, Yan J, Chen Z, Li Z, Feng H, Zhou H, Ouyang D. Association of L-FABP T94A and MTP I128T polymorphisms with hyperlipidemia in Chinese subjects. Lipids 2015; 50:275-82. [PMID: 25663234 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-3990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between the L-FABP T94A and MTP I128T polymorphisms and hyperlipidemia in Chinese subjects. We recruited 390 volunteers: 201 hyperlipidemic and 189 healthy volunteers. The L-FABP T94A and MTP I128T polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Anthropometry, lipid profile, and liver function of the subjects were determined. We observed that male carriers of the L-FABP A94 allele had significantly higher body weight (P = 0.012), higher body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.014), and higher plasma triacylglycerol levels (TAG) (P = 0.033) and lower ratios of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.008) than T94 homozygotes. The MTP T128 allele was associated with significantly lower serum TC (P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P < 0.001) levels in males. There was a direct correlation between the MTP T128 allele and a decreased risk of hyperlipidemia after adjusting for body mass index (OR = 0.327, 95 % CI: 0.178-0.600, P < 0.001). In conclusion, both the MTP I128T and the L-FABP T94A polymorphisms can affect serum lipid levels in the Chinese population. The MTP T128 allele offers protection against hyperlipidemia in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
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Levy E. Insights from human congenital disorders of intestinal lipid metabolism. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:945-62. [PMID: 25387865 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r052415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine must challenge the profuse daily flux of dietary fat that serves as a vital source of energy and as an essential component of cell membranes. The fat absorption process takes place in a series of orderly and interrelated steps, including the uptake and translocation of lipolytic products from the brush border membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid esterification, Apo synthesis, and ultimately the packaging of lipid and Apo components into chylomicrons (CMs). Deciphering inherited disorders of intracellular CM elaboration afforded new insight into the key functions of crucial intracellular proteins, such as Apo B, microsomal TG transfer protein, and Sar1b GTPase, the defects of which lead to hypobetalipoproteinemia, abetalipoproteinemia, and CM retention disease, respectively. These "experiments of nature" are characterized by fat malabsorption, steatorrhea, failure to thrive, low plasma levels of TGs and cholesterol, and deficiency of liposoluble vitamins and essential FAs. After summarizing and discussing the functions and regulation of these proteins for reader's comprehension, the current review focuses on their specific roles in malabsorptions and dyslipidemia-related intestinal fat hyperabsorption while dissecting the spectrum of clinical manifestations and managements. The influence of newly discovered proteins (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and angiopoietin-like 3 protein) on fat absorption has also been provided. Finally, it is stressed how the overexpression or polymorphism status of the critical intracellular proteins promotes dyslipidemia and cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
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Klop B, Verseyden C, Ribalta J, Salazar J, Masana L, Cabezas MC. MTP gene polymorphisms and postprandial lipemia in familial combined hyperlipidemia: Effects of treatment with atorvastatin. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2014; 26:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Meidtner K, Fisher E, Angquist L, Holst C, Vimaleswaran KS, Boer JMA, Halkjær J, Masala G, Ostergaard JN, Mortensen LM, van der A DL, Tjønneland A, Palli D, Overvad K, Wareham NJ, Loos RJF, Sørensen TIA, Boeing H. Variation in genes related to hepatic lipid metabolism and changes in waist circumference and body weight. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:385. [PMID: 24496996 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We analysed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging the genetic variability of six candidate genes (ATF6, FABP1, LPIN2, LPIN3, MLXIPL and MTTP) involved in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, an important regulatory site of energy balance for associations with body mass index (BMI) and changes in weight and waist circumference. We also investigated effect modification by sex and dietary intake. Data of 6,287 individuals participating in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition were included in the analyses. Data on weight and waist circumference were followed up for 6.9 ± 2.5 years. Association of 69 tagSNPs with baseline BMI and annual changes in weight as well as waist circumference were investigated using linear regression analysis. Interactions with sex, GI and intake of carbohydrates, fat as well as saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were examined by including multiplicative SNP-covariate terms into the regression model. Neither baseline BMI nor annual weight or waist circumference changes were significantly associated with variation in the selected genes in the entire study population after correction for multiple testing. One SNP (rs1164) in LPIN2 appeared to be significantly interacting with sex (p = 0.0003) and was associated with greater annual weight gain in men (56.8 ± 23.7 g/year per allele, p = 0.02) than in women (-25.5 ± 19.8 g/year per allele, p = 0.2). With respect to gene-nutrient interaction, we could not detect any significant interactions when accounting for multiple testing. Therefore, out of our six candidate genes, LPIN2 may be considered as a candidate for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Meidtner
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany,
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Mehta R, Birerdinc A, Younossi ZM. Host genetic variants in obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Liver Dis 2014; 18:249-67. [PMID: 24274878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disease. The considerable variability in the natural history of the disease suggests an important role for genetic variants in the disease development and progression. There is evidence based on genome-wide association studies and/or candidate gene studies that genetic polymorphisms underlying insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, fibrogenesis, and inflammation can predispose individuals to NAFLD. This review highlights some of the genetic variants in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Mehta
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Center for Liver Disease, Inova Health System, Claude Moore Building, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
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Peng XE, Wu YL, Lu QQ, Hu ZJ, Lin X. MTTP polymorphisms and susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a Han Chinese population. Liver Int 2014; 34:118-28. [PMID: 23738963 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is required for the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-containing lipoproteins from the liver and intestine. Previous studies showed that functional polymorphisms in the MTTP gene correspond to lower LDL levels and protect against other traits of the metabolic syndrome. AIMS Here, we aimed to investigate whether MTTP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their predicted haplotypes of linkage disequilibrium blocks contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) susceptibility in a Han Chinese population. METHODS Seven tag SNPs in the MTTP gene were selected and genotyped in a frequency-matched case-control study in a population from Fuzhou City, China. We enrolled 580 patients with NAFLD and 580 healthy controls. RESULTS In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the rs1800804 (-164 T/C) was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, while the rs1057613 A/G and rs3805335 C/T SNPs were associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD. The cumulative effect of the rs1800804 (-164 T/C), rs1057613 and rs3805335 was estimated, and a significant increased trend in the risk of NAFLD with increasing genetic risk score was observed (adjusted P(trend) = 0.014). Furthermore, the results of haplotype analysis suggested that the haplotype GC in block 1 containing the -164 C allele was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, while haplotype TGTTC in block 2 was associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that MTTP genetic polymorphisms influence the susceptibility to developing NAFLD independently or jointly in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian E Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Genetic variants of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) are associated with metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2013; 33:313-8. [PMID: 23609384 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e31828bf288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Promoter polymorphisms in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) have been associated with the various traits of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the general population. This study investigated whether the common variants in MTTP genes were associated with MetS in schizophrenic patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. METHOD The study included 456 hospitalized patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, who had been treated with clozapine (n = 171), olanzapine (n = 91), or risperidone (n = 194) for at least 3 months. Patients were genotyped for the 10 MTTP single-nucleotide polymorphisms. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS among all subjects was 22.8%. In single-marker-based analysis, the MTTP rs1800591 (-493G>T) T-allele carriers were at double the risk for MetS relative to G/G homozygotes. In contrast, the T-allele homozygotes had considerably lower fasting high-density lipoprotein levels than that in the heterozygotes or G-allele homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings extend and add new information to the existing data regarding the association between MTTP genetic variants and MetS regulation during long-term atypical antipsychotic treatment. The MTTP rs1800591 T allele could be a risk factor for MetS in patients under atypical antipsychotic medication.
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Magné J, Aminoff A, Perman Sundelin J, Mannila MN, Gustafsson P, Hultenby K, Wernerson A, Bauer G, Listenberger L, Neville MJ, Karpe F, Borén J, Ehrenborg E. The minor allele of the missense polymorphism Ser251Pro in perilipin 2 (PLIN2) disrupts an α-helix, affects lipolysis, and is associated with reduced plasma triglyceride concentration in humans. FASEB J 2013; 27:3090-9. [PMID: 23603836 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-228759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) is the most abundant lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein in nonadipose tissue, and its expression correlates with intracellular lipid accumulation. Here we identified a missense polymorphism, Ser251Pro, that has major effect on protein structure and function, along with an influence on human plasma triglyceride concentration. The evolutionarily conserved Ser251Pro polymorphism was identified with the ClustalW program. Structure modeling using 3D-JigSaw and the Chimera package revealed that the Pro251 allele disrupts a predicted α-helix in PLIN2. Analyses of macrophages from individuals carrying Ser251Pro variants and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells stably transfected with either of the alleles demonstrated that the Pro251 variant causes increased lipid accumulation and decreased lipolysis. Analysis of LD size distribution in stably transfected cells showed that the minor Pro251 allele resulted in an increased number of small LDs per cell and increased perilipin 3 protein expression levels as compared with cells carrying the major Ser251 allele. Genotyping of 2113 individuals indicated that the Pro251 variant is associated with decreased plasma triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein concentrations. Altogether, these data provide the first evidence of a polymorphism in PLIN2 that affects PLIN2 function and may influence the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Magné
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Khatun I, Walsh MT, Hussain MM. Loss of both phospholipid and triglyceride transfer activities of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in abetalipoproteinemia. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1541-1549. [PMID: 23475612 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m031658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) cause abetalipoproteinemia (ABL), characterized by the absence of plasma apoB-containing lipoproteins. In this study, we characterized the effects of various MTP missense mutations found in ABL patients with respect to their expression, subcellular location, and interaction with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). In addition, we characterized functional properties by analyzing phospholipid and triglyceride transfer activities and studied their ability to support apoB secretion. All the mutants colocalized with calnexin and interacted with PDI. We found that R540H and N780Y, known to be deficient in triglyceride transfer activity, also lacked phospholipid transfer activity. Novel mutants S590I and G746E did not transfer triglycerides and phospholipids and did not assist in apoB secretion. In contrast, D384A displayed both triglyceride and phospholipid transfer activities and supported apoB secretion. These studies point out that ABL is associated with the absence of both triglyceride and phospholipid transfer activities in MTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irani Khatun
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; School of Graduate Studies, Department of Cell Biology, and SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Meghan T Walsh
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; School of Graduate Studies, Department of Cell Biology, and SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- School of Graduate Studies, Department of Cell Biology, and SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY.
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di Giuseppe R, Pechlivanis S, Fisher E, Arregui M, Weikert B, Knüppel S, Buijsse B, Fritsche A, Willich SN, Joost HG, Boeing H, Moebus S, Weikert C. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein -164 T > C gene polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from the EPIC-Potsdam case-cohort study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:19. [PMID: 23356586 PMCID: PMC3565963 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) is encoded by the MTTP gene that is regulated by cholesterol in humans. Previous studies investigating the effect of MTTP on ischemic heart disease have produced inconsistent results. Therefore, we have tested the hypothesis that the rare allele of the -164T > C polymorphism in MTTP alters the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), depending on the cholesterol levels. Methods The -164T > C polymorphism was genotyped in a case-cohort study (193 incident myocardial infarction (MI) and 131 incident ischemic stroke (IS) cases and 1 978 non-cases) nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)–Potsdam study, comprising 27 548 middle-aged subjects. The Heinz Nixdorf Recall study (30 CVD cases and 1 188 controls) was used to replicate our findings. Results Genotype frequencies were not different between CVD and CVD free subjects (P = 0.79). We observed an interaction between the -164T > C polymorphism and total cholesterol levels in relation to future CVD. Corresponding stratified analyses showed a significant increased risk of CVD (HRadditve = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.78) for individuals with cholesterol levels <200 mg/dL in the EPIC-Potsdam study. HRadditive was 1.06, 95% CI: 0.33 to 3.40 for individuals in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. A borderline significant decrease in CVD risk was observed in subjects with cholesterol levels ≥200 mg/dL (HRadditve = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.58 to 1.03) in the EPIC-Potsdam study. A similar trend was observed in the independent cohort (HRadditve = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.29 to 1.25). Conclusions Our study suggests an interaction between MTTP -164T > C functional polymorphism with total cholesterol levels. Thereby risk allele carriers with low cholesterol levels may be predisposed to an increased risk of developing CVD, which seems to be abolished among risk allele carriers with high cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina di Giuseppe
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Qian W, Deng L, Lu D, Xu S. Genome-wide landscapes of human local adaptation in Asia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54224. [PMID: 23349834 PMCID: PMC3551950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies of human local adaptation have been facilitated greatly by recent advances in high-throughput genotyping and sequencing technologies. However, few studies have investigated local adaptation in Asian populations on a genome-wide scale and with a high geographic resolution. In this study, taking advantage of the dense population coverage in Southeast Asia, which is the part of the world least studied in term of natural selection, we depicted genome-wide landscapes of local adaptations in 63 Asian populations representing the majority of linguistic and ethnic groups in Asia. Using genome-wide data analysis, we discovered many genes showing signs of local adaptation or natural selection. Notable examples, such as FOXQ1, MAST2, and CDH4, were found to play a role in hair follicle development and human cancer, signal transduction, and tumor repression, respectively. These showed strong indications of natural selection in Philippine Negritos, a group of aboriginal hunter-gatherers living in the Philippines. MTTP, which has associations with metabolic syndrome, body mass index, and insulin regulation, showed a strong signature of selection in Southeast Asians, including Indonesians. Functional annotation analysis revealed that genes and genetic variants underlying natural selections were generally enriched in the functional category of alternative splicing. Specifically, many genes showing significant difference with respect to allele frequency between northern and southern Asian populations were found to be associated with human height and growth and various immune pathways. In summary, this study contributes to the overall understanding of human local adaptation in Asia and has identified both known and novel signatures of natural selection in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qian
- Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society (CAS-MPG) Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Deng
- Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society (CAS-MPG) Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongsheng Lu
- Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society (CAS-MPG) Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society (CAS-MPG) Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene -493G/T polymorphism and its association with serum lipid levels in Bama Zhuang long-living families in China. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:177. [PMID: 23273182 PMCID: PMC3554484 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The -493G/T polymorphism in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) gene is associated with lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels and longevity in several populations, but the results are inconsistent in different racial/ethnic groups. The current study was to investigate the plausible association of MTP -493G/T polymorphism with serum lipid levels and longevity in Zhuang long-lived families residing in Bama area, a famous home of longevity in Guangxi, China. METHODS The MTP -493G/T was genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 391 Bama Zhuang long-lived families (BLF, n = 1467, age 56.60 ± 29.43 years) and four control groups recruited from Bama and out-of-Bama area with or without a familial history of exceptional longevity: Bama non-long-lived families (BNLF, n = 586, age 44.81 ± 26.83 years), Bama non-Zhuang long-lived families (BNZLF, n = 444, age 52.09 ± 31.91 years), Pingguo long-lived families (PLF, n = 658, age 50.83 ± 30.30 years), and Pingguo non-long-lived families (PNLF, n = 539, age 38.74 ± 24.69 years). Correlation analyses between genotypes and serum lipid levels and longevity were then performed. RESULTS No particularly favorable lipoprotein and clinical phenotypes were seen in BLF as compared to general families in the same area. Instead, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), TG, LDL-C, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia were significantly higher in the three Bama families as compared to the two non-Bama families (P < 0.01 for all). There were no differences in the allelic and genotypic frequencies among the tested cohorts (P > 0.05 for all), but the TT genotype tended to enrich in the three long-lived cohorts from both areas. In addition, the individuals harboring TT genotype exhibited lower LDL-C and TC levels in the overall populations and Bama populations with a region- and sex-specific pattern. Multiple linear regression analyses unraveled that LDL-C levels were correlated with genotypes in Bama combined population, BNLF, and the total population (P < 0.05 for each) but not in Pingguo populations; TC and HDL-C levels were correlated with genotypes in Bama combined population and BLF, respectively (P < 0.05 for each). CONCLUSIONS MTP -493G/T polymorphism may play an important role in fashioning the serum lipid profiles of Bama populations, despite no direct association between MTP -493G/T and longevity was detected.
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Kotzka J, Knebel B, Janssen OE, Schaefer JR, Soufi M, Jacob S, Nitzgen U, Muller-Wieland D. Identification of a gene variant in the master regulator of lipid metabolism SREBP-1 in a family with a novel form of severe combined hypolipidemia. Atherosclerosis 2011; 218:134-43. [PMID: 21645898 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations of lipid metabolism play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis and its complications, today's major mortality risks. The predominant regulators controlling cholesterol- and fatty acids synthesis in liver are the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), a family of transcription factors that were formerly identified as cholesterol sensor for LDLR gene expression. Variation of gene structure in these genes might therefore indicate a predisposition to develop complications like myocardial infarction and stroke. METHODS We investigated 190 unrelated German subjects, including 69 subjects with LDL-cholesterol <55mg/dl, for mutations in SREBP genes SREBF-1 and SREBF-2 by direct sequencing. The impact on SREBP functionality was analyzed by protein biochemical analyses, promoter reporter gene assays and gene expression studies. RESULTS A missense mutation in SREBF-1 (c.332 C>T; P111L) was identified in a subject with LDL-cholesterol <5mg/dl. Examination of the subject's family confirmed the mutation in two of three siblings. Detailed clinical evaluation of these subjects disclose a novel form of primary combined hypolipidemia only in SREBP-1a P111L carriers, characterized by low levels of apoB and apoA1, low triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels. Functional analyses indicated that the mutation abolishes phosphorylation of SREBP-1. As a consequence transcriptional activation of classical target genes, i.e. LDLR, HMG-CoAR, FAS, ABCA1, but also MTTP, was dramatically reduced. CONCLUSIONS Phosphorylation of SREBP-1, the master regulator of genes for central rate limiting enzymes of cholesterol and lipid metabolism, appears to be a biological principle with clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorg Kotzka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Aufm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review stable isotope tracer studies of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) kinetics concerning genetic polymorphisms and mutations that affect human lipoprotein metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS In obese men, the allelic combination of the apoB signal peptide, SP24, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein, CETP B1B1, is independently associated with lower VLDL apoB secretion. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein -493G/T carriers have reduced IDL apoB and LDL apoB production as compared with controls. Mutations in cholesterol transporters (ATP-binding cassette transporter G8 and Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1) are associated with reduced VLDL apoB secretion and increased LDL apoB production and catabolism. The ATP-binding cassette transporter G8 400K variant is a significant, independent predictor of VLDL apoB secretion. Mutations in lipases (lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase) and transfer proteins (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein) alter their functional activity, which impact on VLDL and LDL kinetics. SUMMARY Mutations in genes that regulate intrahepatic apoB assembly and lipid substrate availability to the liver impact on VLDL apoB secretion. Lipoprotein tracer studies can provide functional insight into the potential impact of genetic polymorphisms in regulating apoB metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore W K Ng
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Wolff E, Vergnes MF, Defoort C, Planells R, Portugal H, Nicolay A, Lairon D. Cholesterol absorption status and fasting plasma cholesterol are modulated by the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein -493 G/T polymorphism and the usual diet in women. GENES AND NUTRITION 2010; 6:71-9. [PMID: 21437032 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-010-0174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An important inter-individual variability in cholesterol absorption has been reported. It could result from polymorphisms in genes coding for proteins involved in the absorption process and in interaction with dietary intakes. To assess whether the extent of cholesterol absorption or synthesis is modified in adult women according to the -493 G/T polymorphism in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene (MTP) and/or the habitual diet. Cholestanol and sitosterol, as well as desmosterol and lathosterol, surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption or synthesis, respectively, were analyzed in the fasting plasma of 69 middle-aged women under a Western-type diet (WD) and after 3 months on a low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol/Mediterranean-type diet (LFLCD). Genotypes for MTP -493G/T polymorphism were determined. Under an usual WD, subjects homozygous for the MTP -493 T allele exhibited higher (P < 0.05) fasting serum concentrations of cholestanol (199.0 ± 30.0 vs. 133 ± 7.4 × 10(2 )mmol/mol cholesterol) and lathosterol (188.7 ± 21.8 vs. 147.6 ± 9.1 × 10(2) mmol/mol cholesterol), as well as total cholesterol (7.32 ± 0.22 vs. 6.63 ± 0.12 mmol/l) compared to G carrier subjects. After 3 months on a LFLCD, level of absorption markers decreased in TT subjects with no change in synthesis ones, leading to values comparable to those measured in G carriers. The lowering of plasma total and LDL cholesterol due to dietary change was 2.4- and 2.3-fold greater in TT women than in G carriers. The polymorphism -493G/T in MTP modulates the level of cholesterol absorption but not synthesis in women under a WD, an effect abolished under a prudent LFLCD.
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Aminoff A, Ledmyr H, Thulin P, Lundell K, Nunez L, Strandhagen E, Murphy C, Lidberg U, Westerbacka J, Franco-Cereceda A, Liska J, Nielsen LB, Gåfvels M, Mannila MN, Hamsten A, Yki-Järvinen H, Thelle D, Eriksson P, Borén J, Ehrenborg E. Allele-specific regulation of MTTP expression influences the risk of ischemic heart disease. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:103-11. [PMID: 19546343 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m900195-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter polymorphisms in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) have been associated with decreased plasma lipids but an increased risk for ischemic heart disease (IHD), indicating that MTTP influences the susceptibility for IHD independent of plasma lipids. The objective of this study was to characterize the functional promoter polymorphism in MTTP predisposing to IHD and its underlying mechanism. Use of pyrosequencing technology revealed that presence of the minor alleles of the promoter polymorphisms -493G>T and -164T>C result in lower transcription of MTTP in vivo in the heart, liver, and macrophages. In vitro experiments indicated that the minor -164C allele mediates the lower gene expression and that C/EBP binds to the polymorphic region in an allele-specific manner. Furthermore, homozygous carriers of the -164C were found to have increased risk for IHD as shown in a case-control study including a total of 544 IHD patients and 544 healthy control subjects. We concluded that carriers of the minor -164C allele have lower expression of MTTP in the heart, mediated at least partly by the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, and that reduced concentration of MTTP in the myocardium may contribute to IHD upon ischemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aminoff
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Investigation of association of microsomal TAG transfer protein gene MTTP-164 T>C promoter polymorphism with metabolic syndrome variables. Proc Nutr Soc 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665109993223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Okumura K, Imamura A, Murakami R, Takahashi R, Cheng XW, Numaguchi Y, Murohara T. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene polymorphism strongly influences circulating malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein. Metabolism 2009; 58:1306-11. [PMID: 19501864 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) plays a critical role in the assembly of lipoproteins. Therefore, we studied whether MTP gene polymorphisms are associated with atherosclerosis-promoting parameters, especially metabolic profiles and endothelial function, in healthy young men. One hundred one healthy men (mean age, 30.3 years) were studied. We analyzed the 2 promoter polymorphisms (-493G/T and -400A/T) of the MTP gene. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed a significant but incomplete linkage disequilibrium between the 2 polymorphisms (D' = 0.74). The -493T allele carriers (n = 26) showed marked increases in their levels of malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (mean value, 135 vs 99 U/L in the G/G carriers; P = .003) and triglycerides (2.15 vs 1.16 mmol/L, P = .014), and reduced low-density lipoprotein particle size (259.2 vs 264.3 nm, P = .023), whereas there was no difference in apolipoproteins, insulin, adiponectin, homocysteine, folate, and endothelial function assessed using ultrasound measurement of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation. In contrast, the -400T allele carriers (n = 61) showed a reduced endothelial function (P = .044), accompanied by elevated apolipoprotein B levels in subjects with higher triglyceride levels. These results indicate that both promoter polymorphisms may be associated with the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, but that the mechanism responsible may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Okumura
- Cardiovascular Research Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Estellé J, Fernández AI, Pérez-Enciso M, Fernández A, Rodríguez C, Sánchez A, Noguera JL, Folch JM. A non-synonymous mutation in a conserved site of theMTTPgene is strongly associated with protein activity and fatty acid profile in pigs. Anim Genet 2009; 40:813-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Polymorphisms of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Koreans. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 21:667-72. [PMID: 19262398 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3283196adc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of fatty liver is likely to depend on a complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors. We investigated a large-scale analysis of the association between microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) polymorphism in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS Five hundred and eighty-eight patients who visited the health promotion center were enrolled. To elucidate the possible role of genetic variation affecting triglyceride metabolism in fatty liver disease, the MTTP-I128T and PEMT-V175M polymorphisms were studied. RESULTS The I/I genotype and I allele frequency of MTTP polymorphism with alcoholic fatty liver was significantly higher than that of the normal control group (P=0.026 vs. 0.005). Genotype and allele frequency of PEMT, however, did not show a significant difference between control and fatty liver. I/I genotype of MTTP gene frequency in the drinkers with fatty livers was 85.4%, which was significantly higher than that in the drinkers without fatty liver, which was 68.4% (P=0.013). With regard to biochemical indicators, the alanine aminotransferase value of the I/I group was significantly higher than that of the I/T and T/T groups (P=0.04). Asparate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, triglyceride, apolipoprotein B, and glucose concentration tended to be lower in the I/T and T/T groups than in the I/I group, but no statistically significant difference was found. CONCLUSION In this study, MTTP-I128T polymorphism is associated with central obesity, elevated liver enzymes, and alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Mirandola S, Osterreicher CH, Marcolongo M, Datz C, Aigner E, Schlabrakowski A, Realdon S, Gerotto M, Alberti A, Stickel F. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein polymorphism (-493G/T) is associated with hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Liver Int 2009; 29:557-65. [PMID: 19018985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis may promote progression of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is required for assembly and secretion of ApoB lipoprotein and is implicated in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related steatosis. The MTP -493G/T polymorphism may promote liver fat accumulation, but its role in HCV-related steatosis is still unclear. METHODS Two hundred ninety-eight CHC patients were studied and genotyped for MTP -493G/T variants. Hepatic MTP mRNA expression and activity were determined in a subgroup. RESULTS Patients with grades 2/3 steatosis were older, had a higher body mass index (BMI), more advanced fibrosis and lower MTP mRNA expression and carried more often HCV genotype 3 and the MTP T allele. Age, BMI, HCV-3 and MTP T allele [odds ratio (OR) 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-3.53; P=0.009] were independent risk factors for steatosis grades 2/3, and in HCV genotype non-3 patients, the MTP T allele was the strongest predictor for steatosis grade 2/3 (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.22-3.86; P=0.008). Moreover, TT carriers had higher high-density lipoprotein (65.6+/-14.6 vs 56.1+/-16.2 mg/dl; P=0.003) and apolipoprotein AI (1.80+/-0.3 vs 1.60+/-0.3 g/L; P=0.005) levels than G allele carriers. CONCLUSIONS Chronic hepatitis C patients with the MTP -493T allele reveal higher grades of steatosis, indicating a relevant contribution to liver fat accumulation, particularly in HCV non-3 patients.
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Luévano KE, González JR, Perea FJ, Magaña MT. Linkage disequilibrium between four MTTP gene polymorphisms in a Mexican population. Ann Hum Biol 2009; 36:211-9. [PMID: 19255880 DOI: 10.1080/03014460902725260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein plays an important role in the folding, assembling and secretion of lipoproteins that contain apoprotein B. Different polymorphisms in the MTTP gene have been associated with risk factors for coronary heart disease and diabetes, the first and fourth most common causes of death in Mexico, respectively. AIM The objective of this study was to assess allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies of six MTTP polymorphisms in an unselected Mexican population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Six polymorphisms were analysed by DNA sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products in 155 Mexican individuals and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, genetic variability, linkage disequilibrium and neutrality test were evaluated. RESULTS The rare alleles of the six polymorphisms analysed had frequencies greater than 1% and their genotype distributions were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All three promoter and I/T 128 polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium. Twelve different haplotypes were observed; GATGGT (70.44%) and TTCGGC (13.91%) were the most common. Diversity patterns in this Mexican population deviate significantly from expectations of the standard neutral model for infinite allele. CONCLUSION The -493 G/T, -400 A/T, -164 T/C and I/T 128 polymorphisms can be useful for association studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Luévano
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Böhme M, Grallert H, Fischer A, Gieger C, Nitz I, Heid I, Kohl C, Wichmann HE, Illig T, Döring F. MTTP variants and body mass index, waist circumference and serum cholesterol level: Association analyses in 7582 participants of the KORA study cohort. Mol Genet Metab 2008; 95:229-32. [PMID: 18951054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) is a key regulator in the assembly and secretion of chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the intestine and in liver. Associations between MTTP variants and traits of the metabolic syndrome are carried out in relatively small cohorts and are not consistent. We analysed MTTP polymorphisms in 7582 participants of the KORA study cohort. Seven htSNPs covering a 52kb region of the MTTP locus and two cSNPs (I128T, H297Q) were selected. A MTTP haplotype containing the minor allele of H297Q showed a significant decrease of -0.636 (95% CI: -1.226, -0.046; p=0.035) BMI units in females but not in males. In comparison to homozygous H-carriers for the major allele of the MTTP H297Q polymorphism, homozygous Q297Q carriers showed a significant decrease in BMI of -0.425B MI units (95% CI: -0.74, -0.12; p=0.007), in waist circumference of -0.990 cm (95% CI: 1.74, -0.24; p=0.01) and in total cholesterol of -0.039 mmol/l (95% CI: -0.07, 0; p=0.03). Heterozygous Q-carriers displayed a reduction in BMI of -0.183 BMI unit (95% CI: -0.33, -0.04; p=0.012), in waist circumference of -0.45 cm (95% CI: 0.8, -0.1; p=0.01) and in total cholesterol of -0.103 mmol/l (95% CI: -0.18, -0.03; p=0.01). Gender stratified statistics revealed a significant reduction of -0.657 BMI units (95% CI: -1.14, -0.18; p=0.007), -1.437 cm waist circumference (95% CI: -2.55, -0.32; p=0.01) and -0.052 mmol/l total cholesterol (95% CI: -0.1, -0.01; p=0.03) for females homozygous for the Q297Q polymorphism. Females carrying the Q-allele showed a decrease of -0.259 BMI unit (95% CI: -0.48, -0.04; p=0.023), -0.662 cm waist circumference (95% CI: -1.18, -0.14; p=0.01) and -0.111 mmol/l total cholesterol (95% CI: -0.21, -0.01; p=0.03). Our association analysis in a large population based study cohort provides evidence that the minor allele of the MTTP H297Q polymorphism is associated with lower BMI, waist circumference and total cholesterol in females but not in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Böhme
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Molecular Nutrition, Christian-Albrecht-University, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Yang ZT, Zhang XX, Kong XF, Zhang DH, Zhang SY, Jiang JH, Gong QM, Jin GD, Lu ZM. Polymorphisms of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in different hepatitis B virus-infected patients. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:5454-60. [PMID: 18803359 PMCID: PMC2744166 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify the two polymorphisms of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) gene in the Chinese population and to explore their correlation with both hepatitis B virus (HBV) self-limited infection and persistent infection.
METHODS: A total of 316 subjects with self-limited HBV infection and 316 patients with persistent HBV infection (195 subjects without familial history), matched with age and sex, from the Chinese Han population were enrolled in this study. Polymorphisms of MTP at the promoter region -493 and at H297Q were determined by the allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
RESULTS: The ratio of males to females was 2.13:1 for each group and the average age in the self-limited and chronic infection groups was 38.36 and 38.28 years, respectively. None of the allelic distributions deviated significantly from that predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was a linkage disequilibrium between H297Q and -493G/T (D’ = 0.77). As the χ2 test was used, the genotype distribution of MTP-493G/T demonstrated a significant difference between the self-limited infection group and the entire chronic group or the chronic patients with no family history (χ2 = 8.543, P = 0.015 and χ2 = 7.199, P = 0.019). The allele distribution at the MTP-493 position also demonstrated a significant difference between the study groups without family history (χ2 = 6.212, P = 0.013). The T allele emerged as a possible protective factor which may influence the outcomes of HBV infection (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.389-0.897).
CONCLUSION: The polymorphism of the MTP gene, T allele at -493, may be involved in determining the HBV infection outcomes, of which the mechanism needs to be further investigated.
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The influence of polymorphism of −493G/T MTP gene promoter and metabolic syndrome on lipids, fatty acids and oxidative stress. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 19:634-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Gambino R, Bo S, Musso G, Uberti B, Alemanno N, Ghione F, Guidi S, Tiozzo E, Chiusano V, Gentile L, Durazzo M, Pagano G, Cassader M. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein 493-T variant is associated with resistin levels and C-reactive protein. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:1219-24. [PMID: 17825806 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is a heterodimeric lipid transfer protein that consists of a large unique 97-kDA subunit and protein disulfide isomerase. MTP is involved in the assembly of apoB-containing lipoprotein and enables the secretion of VLDLs by the liver and chylomicrons by the intestine. The MTP gene is highly polymorphic. The less common T variant has been associated with the reduction of plasma LDL-cholesterol levels and with an increased risk in coronary heart disease. We hypothesized that MTP polymorphism could be associated to LDL-cholesterol levels and proinflammatory cytokines, such as resistin. METHODS AND RESULTS The -493G/T MTP gene polymorphism was investigated in 290 subjects. Subjects carrying the TT genotype had lower level of LDL-cholesterol and higher serum resistin levels than individual carrying one or two copies of the -493G allele. After adjustments for age, BMI, waist circumference, alcohol intake and exercise levels, a significant direct association was evident between hs-CRP and resistin levels and the presence of the TT genotype in a multiple regression model. CONCLUSION This study supports the notion that the rare MTP-493T/T genotype is associated both with higher levels of inflammatory parameters and with low levels of LDL-cholesterol. Prospective data are needed to investigate if the association between CVD and the MTP-493T/T genotype might be due to the increased sub-clinical proinflammatory state associated with this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gambino
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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39
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Burnett JR, Watts GF. MTP inhibition as a treatment for dyslipidaemias: time to deliver or empty promises? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 11:181-9. [PMID: 17227233 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.11.2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of cholesterol-lowering drugs, including a statins, bile acid sequestrants and cholesterol absorption inhibitors has expanded the options for cardiovascular prevention. Recent treatment guidelines emphasise that individuals at substantial risk for atherosclerotic coronary heart disease should meet defined lipid targets. Combination therapy with drugs that have different and complementary mechanisms of action is often needed to achieve these goals. Existing approaches to the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia are still ineffective in halting the progression of coronary artery disease in some patients despite combination therapies. Other patients are resistant to, or intolerant of, conventional pharmacotherapy and remain at high-risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, so that alternative approaches are needed. New agents, including inhibitors of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), may play a future role, either alone or in combination, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemias. This review focuses on novel approaches to treat dyslipidaemias via the inhibition of MTP. Patients most suitable for use of MTP inhibitors include those with hepatic hypersecretion of apoB, including the metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and familial combined hyperlipidaemia, as well as homozygous and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. However, certain safety issues with these agents need resolving, particularly fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Burnett
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Department of Core Clinical Pathology & Biochemistry, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street Campus, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia.
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Neville MJ, Clarke R, Evans JG, Rubinsztein DC, Karpe F. Absence of Relationship Between MTTP Haplotypes and Longevity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 62:202-5. [PMID: 17339647 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/62.2.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms for the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) gene have been associated with longevity and with lower risk for cardiovascular mortality. However, the association of MTTP with longevity has been contested in a large German collection of nonagenarians and centenarians. METHODS We made a detailed characterization of MTTP haplotype carrier status in a cohort of 1398 old men and women (mean age 78 years) and a population-based cohort (n = 777) of younger controls (mean age 40 years) in Oxford, England. RESULTS There were no significant differences in haplotypes for MTTP gene between the younger and older age groups. CONCLUSION This study, which adopted a more detailed genetic analysis of the MTTP gene in a large case-control study of older people provides reliable evidence against any significant association of the MTTP gene with longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK
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41
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Rubin D, Schneider-Muntau A, Klapper M, Nitz I, Helwig U, Fölsch UR, Schrezenmeir J, Döring F. Functional analysis of promoter variants in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) gene. Hum Mutat 2007; 29:123-9. [PMID: 17854051 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) is required for the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins from the intestine and liver. According to this function, polymorphic sites in the MTTP gene showed associations to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and related traits of the metabolic syndrome. Here we studied the functional impact of common MTTP promoter polymorphisms rs1800804:T>C (-164T>C), rs1800803:A>T (-400A>T), and rs1800591:G>T (-493G>T) using gene-reporter assays in intestinal Caco-2 and liver Huh-7 cells. Significant results were obtained in Huh-7 cells. The common MTTP promoter haplotype -164T/-400A/-493G showed about two-fold lower activity than the rare haplotype -164C/-400T/-493T. MTTP promoter mutant constructs -164T/-400A/-493T and -164T/-400T/-493T exhibited similar activity than the common haplotype. Activities of mutants -164C/-400A/-493G and -164C/-400A/-493T resembled the rare MTTP promoter haplotype. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed higher binding capacity of the transcriptional factor Sterol regulatory element binding protein1a (SREBP1a) to the -164T probe in comparison to the -164C probe. In conclusion, our study indicates that the polymorphism -164T>C mediates different activities of common MTTP promoter haplotypes via SREBP1a. This suggested that the already described SREBP-dependent modulation of MTTP expression by diet is more effective in -164T than in -164C carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rubin
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Food, Kiel, Germany.
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42
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Wung SF, Kulkarni MV, Pullinger CR, Malloy MJ, Kane JP, Aouizerat BE. The lipoprotein lipase gene in combined hyperlipidemia: evidence of a protective allele depletion. Lipids Health Dis 2006; 5:19. [PMID: 16822320 PMCID: PMC1538992 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-5-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL), a key enzyme in lipid metabolism, catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides (TG) from TG-rich lipoproteins, and serves a bridging function that enhances the cellular uptake of lipoproteins. Abnormalities in LPL function are associated with pathophysiological conditions, including familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). Whereas two LPL susceptibility alleles were found to co-segregate in a few FCH kindred, a role for common, protective alleles remains unexplored. The LPL Ser447Stop (S447X) allele is associated with anti-atherogenic lipid profiles and a modest reduction in risk for coronary disease. We hypothesize that significant depletion of the 447X allele exists in combined hyperlipidemia cases versus controls. A case-control design was employed. The polymorphism was assessed by restriction assay in 212 cases and 161 controls. Genotypic, allelic, and phenotypic associations were examined. Results We found evidence of significant allelic (447Xcontrol: 0.130 vs. 447Xcase: 0.031, χ2 = 29.085; 1df; p < 0.001) and genotypic association (SS: 0.745 vs. 0.939, and SX+XX: 0.255 vs. 0.061) in controls and cases, respectively (χ2 = 26.09; 1df; p < 0.001). In cases, depletion of the 447X allele is associated with a significant elevation in very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C, p = 0.045). Consonant with previous studies of this polymorphism, regression models predict that carriers of the 447X allele displayed significantly lower TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio. Conclusion These findings suggest a role for the S447X polymorphism in combined hyperlipidemia and demonstrate the importance of evaluating both susceptibility and protective genetic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Wung
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Medha V Kulkarni
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clive R Pullinger
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary J Malloy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John P Kane
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bradley E Aouizerat
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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43
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Ledmyr H, Ottosson L, Sunnerhagen M, Ehrenborg E. The Ile128Thr polymorphism influences stability and ligand binding properties of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:1378-85. [PMID: 16617174 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600072-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) is essential for the assembly of VLDLs. We recently observed that a polymorphism in the MTTP promoter (-493G>T), which is in allelic association with an isoleucine-to-theronine substitution at position 128 (Ile128Thr) in the expressed protein, confers an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Two variant proteins comprising amino acids 16-297 of intact MTTP, MTTP(N)-Ile128 and MTTP(N)-Thr128, had similar native secondary structure content, as judged by circular dichroism. However, the thermal stability of MTTP(N)-Thr128 was greatly reduced, and this protein was also more extensively cleaved in limited proteolysis experiments compared with MTTP(N)-Ile128; both of these findings support a less compact fold. On adding LDL, which includes natively folded apolipoprotein B (apoB), decreased stability of the MTTP(N)-Thr128-LDL complex was observed compared with that of the MTTP(N)-Ile128-LDL complex. In a refined model of the N-terminal domain of MTTP, residue 128 is located in a surface-exposed position, in the same region as an identified MTTP binding site in the homologous apoB protein. Thus, the Ile128Thr polymorphism confers reduced structural stability, leading to decreased binding of MTTP to LDL particles. Because the major MTTP binding target on LDL is apoB, the Ile128Thr polymorphism could target the MTTP-apoB interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ledmyr
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, King Gustaf V Research Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Ruixing Y, Rongshan L, Weixiong L, Dezhai Y, Shangling P. Effect of the MTP –493 G/T polymorphism on the lipid profiles of the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200500281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Beekman M, Blauw GJ, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Brandt BW, Westendorp RGJ, Slagboom PE. Chromosome 4q25, microsomal transfer protein gene, and human longevity: novel data and a meta-analysis of association studies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61:355-62. [PMID: 16611701 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/61.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, chromosome 4q25 was linked to exceptional human longevity, and a haplotype of the positional candidate microsomal transfer protein (MTP) gene was associated to the phenotype in U.S. Caucasians. We investigated whether linkage to 4q25 could be detected in 164 nonagenarian sibships of the Leiden Longevity Study. Additionally, we compared the MTP -493G/T and Q95H allele and haplotype frequencies in the Leiden Longevity Study (379 nonagenarians, 525 of their offspring, and 251 partners of their offspring) and in the Leiden 85-Plus Study (655 octogenarians and 244 young controls). The latter study population was followed for at least 7 years, providing the opportunity to perform also prospective analyses using the longitudinal data. We found neither evidence for linkage at 4q25 nor association of the MTP locus with longevity in nonagenarian individuals. Meta-analyses of all previous studies implied that the association in U.S. Caucasians may have its source in admixture of the U.S. control population rather than in the genetic effect of the locus on exceptional longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9503, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Rubin D, Helwig U, Pfeuffer M, Schreiber S, Boeing H, Fisher E, Pfeiffer A, Freitag-Wolf S, Foelsch UR, Doering F, Schrezenmeir J. A common functional exon polymorphism in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene is associated with type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism and insulin levels. J Hum Genet 2006; 51:567-574. [PMID: 16721486 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-006-0400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is required for the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Emerging evidence has indicated that the functional MTP exon polymorphism I128T is associated with dyslipidemia and other traits of the insulin-resistance syndrome, and the T128 variant seems to confer a reduced stability of MTP, resulting in reduced binding of LDL particles. The aim of the study was to elucidate the association of this MTP polymorphism with parameters of postprandial metabolism. A total of 716 male subjects from a postprandially characterized cohort (MICK) and a nested case-control study (EPIC) of 190 incident type 2 diabetes cases and 380 sex- or age-matched controls were genotyped for the I128T exon polymorphism. In comparison to homozygote subjects of the wild allele, carriers of the less common allele of the MTP T128 genotype showed significantly lower postprandial insulin levels (P=0.017), lower diastolic blood pressure (P=0.049) and had a lower prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes type 2 (P=0.03) in the MICK. Consistent with this, we found a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes in male subjects of the nested case-control study in the T128 genotype (P=0.007). These results suggest that the rare allele of the MTP I128T polymorphism may be protective against impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and other parameters of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rubin
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103, Kiel, Germany
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulf Helwig
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103, Kiel, Germany
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria Pfeuffer
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eva Fisher
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich R Foelsch
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Doering
- Research Group Molecular Nutrition, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Juergen Schrezenmeir
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103, Kiel, Germany.
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Lundahl B, Skoglund-Andersson C, Caslake M, Bedford D, Stewart P, Hamsten A, Packard CJ, Karpe F. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein -493T variant reduces IDL plus LDL apoB production and the plasma concentration of large LDL particles. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 290:E739-45. [PMID: 16291571 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00376.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is essential for the synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins. We investigated the role the MTP -493G/T gene polymorphism in determining the apoB-100 secretion pattern and LDL heterogeneity in healthy human subjects. Groups of carriers of the T and the G variants (n = 6 each) were recruited from a cohort of healthy 50-yr-old men. Kinetic studies were performed by endogenous [(2)H(3)]leucine labeling of apoB and subsequent quantification of the stable isotope incorporation. apoB production rates, metabolic conversions, and eliminations were calculated by multicompartmental modeling (SAAM-II). LDL subfraction distribution was analyzed in the entire cohort (n = 377). Carriers of the MTP -493T allele had lower plasma LDL apoB and lower concentration of large LDL particles [LDL-I: 136 +/- 57 (TT) vs. 175 +/- 55 (GG) mg/l, P < 0.01]. Kinetic modeling suggested that MTP -493T homozygotes had a 60% lower direct production rate of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) plus LDL compared with homozygotes for the G allele (P < 0.05). No differences were seen in production rates of large and small VLDL, nor were there any differences in metabolic conversion or elimination rates of apoB between the genotype groups. This study shows that a polymorphism in the MTP gene affects the spectrum of endogenous apoB-containing lipoprotein particles produced in humans. Reduced direct production of LDL plus IDL appears to be related to lower plasma concentrations of large LDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Lundahl
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, King Gustaf V Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Di Leo E, Lancellotti S, Penacchioni JY, Cefalù AB, Averna M, Pisciotta L, Bertolini S, Calandra S, Gabelli C, Tarugi P. Mutations in MTP gene in abeta- and hypobeta-lipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis 2005; 180:311-8. [PMID: 15910857 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2004] [Revised: 12/07/2004] [Accepted: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) and abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) are inherited disorders of apolipoprotein B (apo B)-containing lipoproteins that result from mutations in apo B and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) genes, respectively. Here we report three patients with severe deficiency of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and apo B. Two of them (probands F.A. and P.E.) had clinical and biochemical phenotype consistent with ABL. Proband F.A. was homozygous for a minute deletion/insertion (c.1228delCCCinsT) in exon 9 of MTP gene predicted to cause a truncated MTP protein of 412 amino acids. Proband P. E. was heterozygous for a mutation in intron 9 (IVS9-1G>A), previously reported in an ABL patient. We failed to find the second pathogenic mutation in MTP gene of this patient. No mutations were found in apo B gene. The third proband (D.F.) had a less severe lipoprotein phenotype which was similar to that of heterozygous FHBL and appeared to be inherited as a co-dominant trait. However, he had no mutations in apo B gene. He was found to be a compound heterozygote for two missense mutations (D384A and G661A), involving highly conserved regions of MTP. Since this proband was also homozygous for varepsilon2 allele of apolipoprotein E (apo E), it is likely that his hypobetalipoproteinemia derives from a combined effect of a mild MTP deficiency and homozygosity for apo E2 isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Di Leo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, I-41100 Modena, Italy
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Yamada Y, Ando F, Shimokata H. Association of polymorphisms in CYP17A1, MTP, and VLDLR with bone mineral density in community-dwelling Japanese women and men. Genomics 2005; 86:76-85. [PMID: 15953542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Revised: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether a -34T --> C polymorphism of the gene for cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP17A1), a -493G --> T polymorphism of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene (MTP), and a CGG repeat polymorphism of the very low density lipoprotein receptor gene (VLDLR) were associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in community-dwelling Japanese women and men. The -34T --> C polymorphism of CYP17A1 was associated with BMD in postmenopausal women, with the CC genotype being related to increased BMD. The -493G --> T polymorphism of MTP was associated with BMD in premenopausal women, with the TT genotype being related to increased BMD. The CGG repeat polymorphism of VLDLR was associated with BMD in men, with two (CGG)(n > or= 8) alleles being related to increased BMD. These results suggest that CYP17A1 and MTP are susceptibility loci for increased BMD in postmenopausal and premenopausal Japanese women, respectively, and that VLDLR constitutes such a locus in Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiji Yamada
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, 1515 Kamihama, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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García-García AB, González C, Real JT, Martín de Llano JJ, González-Albert V, Civera M, Chaves FJ, Ascaso JF, Carmena R. Influence of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein promoter polymorphism −493 GT on fasting plasma triglyceride values and interaction with treatment response to atorvastatin in subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2005; 15:211-8. [PMID: 15864113 DOI: 10.1097/01213011-200504000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Phenotypic expression is highly variable, being influenced by diet, age, gender, body mass index, apolipoprotein E genotype and type of LDL-receptor gene mutation. Microsomal triglyceride (TG) transfer protein (MTP) is a protein involved in lipid metabolism. Polymorphism MTP -493 GT has been shown to modulate lipid levels in several populations. To analyse the effect of this polymorphism in the lipid phenotype expression of FH and treatment response, we studied a sample of 222 Spanish FH patients, of whom 147 were studied before and after treatment with 20 mg of atorvastatin daily during 6 weeks. The variant was analysed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and single-strand confirmation polymorphism. Treatment reduced LDL-C, total cholesterol and TGs. Baseline fasting TGs and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower in female T allele carriers (TG: 111+/-51 mg/dl GG, 89+/-35 mg/dl GT, 83+/-26 mg/dl TT, P=0.022; very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: 24+/-13 mg/dl GG, 16+/-5 mg/dl GT, 17+/-5 mg/dl TT, P=0.018). Triglyceride response to atorvastatin was modulated by this polymorphism in men (P=0.009), but not in women, although differences between genotypes were maintained after treatment. In conclusion, the MTP -493 GT polymorphism modulates pre- and post-treatment plasma TG values of FH in Spanish subjects in a gender-specific way. Other environmental and genetic factors likely also modulate this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B García-García
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Spain
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