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Hull HR, Brown A, Gajewski B, Sullivan DK, Carlson SE. The Effect of Prenatal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Offspring Fat Mass and Distribution at 24 Months Old. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:103771. [PMID: 38948108 PMCID: PMC11214179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is related to increased offspring fat accrual, and increased fat mass (FM) is related to obesity development. Prenatal DHA supplementation has been linked to lower levels of offspring FM; however, conflicting data exist. Objectives This study aimed to determine if there is a protective effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on offspring fat accrual and adipose tissue deposition at 24 mo in offspring born to females who gain excessive weight compared with nonexcessive weight during pregnancy. We also explored if the effect of DHA dose on FM differed by offspring sex. Methods Infants born to females who participated in the Assessment of DHA on Reducing Early Preterm Birth randomized controlled trial (ADORE) were recruited. In ADORE, females were randomly assigned to either a high or low prenatal DHA supplement. Offspring body composition and adipose tissue distribution were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). GWG was categorized as excessive or not excessive based on clinical guidelines. Results For total FM, there was a significant main effect for the DHA dose (P = 0.03); however, the dose by GWG status was nonsignificant (P = 0.44). Therefore, a higher prenatal DHA dose was related to greater offspring FM (622.9 g greater) and unrelated to GWG status. When investigating a DHA dose by sex effect, a significant main effect for DHA dose (P = 0.01) was detected for central FM. However, no interaction was detected (P = 0.98), meaning that both boys and girls had greater central FM if their mother was assigned to the higher DHA dose. Conclusions Greater prenatal DHA supplementation was associated with greater offspring FM and adipose tissue distribution at 24 mo. It will be important to understand if these effects persist into childhood.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03310983.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Hull
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Alexandra Brown
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Byron Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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2
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Hull HR, Gajewski BJ, Sullivan DK, Carson SE. Growth and adiposity in newborns study (GAINS): The influence of prenatal DHA supplementation protocol. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 132:107279. [PMID: 37406769 PMCID: PMC10852997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and central fat mass (FM) accrual drive disease development and are related to greater morbidity and mortality. Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) increases fetal fat accretion resulting in greater offspring FM across the lifespan. Studies associate greater maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels with lower offspring FM and lower visceral adipose tissue during childhood, however, most U.S. pregnant women do not consume an adequate amount of DHA. We will determine if prenatal DHA supplementation is protective for body composition changes during infancy and toddlerhood in offspring exposed to excessive GWG. METHODS AND DESIGN Infants born to women who participated in the Assessment of DHA on Reducing Early Preterm Birth randomized controlled trial (ADORE; NCT02626299) will be invited to participate. Women were randomized to either a high 1000 mg or low 200 mg daily prenatal DHA supplement starting in the first trimester of pregnancy. Offspring body composition and adipose tissue distribution will be measured at 2 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Maternal GWG will be categorized as excessive or not excessive based on clinical guidelines. DISCUSSION Effective strategies to prevent obesity development are lacking. Exposures during the prenatal period are important in the establishment of the offspring phenotype. However, it is largely unknown which exposures can be successfully targeted to have a meaningful impact. This study will determine if prenatal DHA supplementation modifies the relationship between maternal weight gain and offspring FM and FM distribution at 24 months of age. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The University of Kansas Medical Center Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved the study protocol (STUDY00140895). The results of the trial will be disseminated at conferences and in peer reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03310983.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Hull
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America.
| | - Byron J Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Susan E Carson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
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3
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Bertoncini-Silva C, Zingg JM, Fassini PG, Suen VMM. Bioactive dietary components-Anti-obesity effects related to energy metabolism and inflammation. Biofactors 2022; 49:297-321. [PMID: 36468445 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the result of the long-term energy imbalance between the excess calories consumed and the few calories expended. Reducing the intake of energy dense foods (fats, sugars), and strategies such as fasting and caloric restriction can promote body weight loss. Not only energy in terms of calories, but also the specific composition of the diet can affect the way the food is absorbed and how its energy is stored, used or dissipated. Recent research has shown that bioactive components of food, such as polyphenols and vitamins, can influence obesity and its pathologic complications such as insulin resistance, inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Individual micronutrients can influence lipid turnover but for long-term effects on weight stability, dietary patterns containing several micronutrients may be required. At the molecular level, these molecules modulate signaling and the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of energy intake, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis into white, beige and brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, lipotoxicity, adipo/cytokine synthesis, and inflammation. Higher concentrations of these molecules can be reached in the intestine, where they can modulate the composition and action of the microbiome. In this review, the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds and vitamins modulate energy metabolism, inflammation and obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertoncini-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Hao L, Nie YH, Chen CY, Li XY, Kaliannan K, Kang JX. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Protect against High-Fat Diet-Induced Morphological and Functional Impairments of Brown Fat in Transgenic Fat-1 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911903. [PMID: 36233205 PMCID: PMC9570395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in the regulation of energy homeostasis remains poorly understood. In this study, we used a transgenic fat-1 mouse model, which can produce n-3 PUFAs endogenously, to investigate how n-3 PUFAs regulate the morphology and function of brown adipose tissue (BAT). We found that high-fat diet (HFD) induced a remarkable morphological change in BAT, characterized by “whitening” due to large lipid droplet accumulation within BAT cells, associated with obesity in wild-type (WT) mice, whereas the changes in body fat mass and BAT morphology were significantly alleviated in fat-1 mice. The expression of thermogenic markers and lypolytic enzymes was significantly higher in fat-1 mice than that in WT mice fed with HFD. In addition, fat-1 mice had significantly lower levels of inflammatory markers in BAT and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in plasma compared with WT mice. Furthermore, fat-1 mice were resistant to LPS-induced suppression of UCP1 and PGC-1 expression and lipid deposits in BAT. Our data has demonstrated that high-fat diet-induced obesity is associated with impairments of BAT morphology (whitening) and function, which can be ameliorated by elevated tissue status of n-3 PUFAs, possibly through suppressing the effects of LPS on inflammation and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA
| | - Yong-Hui Nie
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xiang-Yong Li
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kanakaraju Kaliannan
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jing X. Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(617)-726-8509; Fax: +1-(617)-726-6144
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5
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Leikin-Frenkel A, Cohen H, Keshet R, Shnerb-GanOr R, Kandel-Kfir M, Harari A, Hollander KS, Shaish A, Harats D, Kamari Y. The effect of α-linolenic acid enrichment in perinatal diets in preventing high fat diet-induced SCD1 increased activity and lipid disarray in adult offspring of low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLRKO) mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 184:102475. [PMID: 35940045 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of maternal perinatal dietary ALA enrichment on the high fat diet (HFD)-induced lipid disarray in the adult offspring of low density lipoprotein receptor knock-out (LDLRKO) mice. Female LDLRKO mice received, during pregnancy and lactation, isocaloric diets with either corn oil, RD, or flax oil, ALA. The weaning offspring was given a regular chow diet for a washout period of eight weeks, which was followed by HFD for eight weeks. Plasma and liver lipids and SCD1 activity were then analyzed. The HFD-fed RD adult offspring had substantially higher plasma cholesterol levels than the HFD-fed ALA offspring (15.7 versus 9.7 mmole/l, p<0.00001) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (65.0 versus 23.9 mg/g lipids, p<0.00001). Liver lipids oleic acid (OA) content and monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids (MUFA/SAT) ratio, were two times lower in RD compared to ALA (p<0.0001). The threefold HFD-induced SCD1 raised activity (p<0.00001), and OA produced from SA, observed in RD adult offspring were prevented by perinatal ALA. In conclusion, the resilience of SCD1 to HFD- induced increased activity may account for the beneficial effects of perinatal ALA dietary enrichment in preventing NAFLD and hypercholesterolemia from occurring in adult LDLRKO offspring mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leikin-Frenkel
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - H Cohen
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - R Keshet
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - R Shnerb-GanOr
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - M Kandel-Kfir
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - A Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - K S Hollander
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - A Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Achva Academic College, Israel
| | - D Harats
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Y Kamari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
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6
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Rumora AE, Kim B, Feldman EL. A Role for Fatty Acids in Peripheral Neuropathy Associated with Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:560-577. [PMID: 35152728 PMCID: PMC9499450 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: As the global prevalence of diabetes rises, diabetic complications are also increasing at an alarming rate. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is the most prevalent complication of diabetes and prediabetes, and is characterized by progressive sensory loss resulting from nerve damage. While hyperglycemia is the major risk factor for PN in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the metabolic syndrome (MetS) underlies the onset and progression of PN in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes. Recent Advances: Recent reports show that dyslipidemia, a MetS component, is strongly associated with PN in T2D and prediabetes. Dyslipidemia is characterized by an abnormal plasma lipid profile with uncontrolled lipid levels, and both clinical and preclinical studies implicate a role for dietary fatty acids (FAs) in PN pathogenesis. Molecular studies further show that saturated and unsaturated FAs differentially regulate the nerve lipid profile and nerve function. Critical Issues: We first review the properties of FAs and the neuroanatomy of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Second, we discuss clinical and preclinical studies that implicate the involvement of FAs in PN. Third, we summarize the potential effects of FAs on nerve function and lipid metabolism within the peripheral nerves, sensory neurons, and Schwann cells. Future Directions: Future directions will focus on identifying molecular pathways in T2D and prediabetes that are modulated by FAs in PN. Determining pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the injurious effects of saturated FAs and beneficial properties of unsaturated FAs will provide mechanistic targets for developing new targeted therapies to treat PN associated with T2D and prediabetes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 560-577.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Rumora
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bhumsoo Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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7
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Murru E, Manca C, Carta G, Banni S. Impact of Dietary Palmitic Acid on Lipid Metabolism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:861664. [PMID: 35399673 PMCID: PMC8983927 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.861664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is ubiquitously present in dietary fat guaranteeing an average intake of about 20 g/d. The relative high requirement and relative content in the human body, which accounts for 20–30% of total fatty acids (FAs), is justified by its relevant nutritional role. In particular physiological conditions, such as in the fetal stage or in the developing brain, the respectively inefficient placental and brain blood–barrier transfer of PA strongly induces its endogenous biosynthesis from glucose via de novo lipogenesis (DNL) to secure a tight homeostatic control of PA tissue concentration required to exert its multiple physiological activities. However, pathophysiological conditions (insulin resistance) are characterized by a sustained DNL in the liver and aimed at preventing the excess accumulation of glucose, which result in increased tissue content of PA and disrupted homeostatic control of its tissue concentration. This leads to an overaccumulation of tissue PA, which results in dyslipidemia, increased ectopic fat accumulation, and inflammatory tone via toll-like receptor 4. Any change in dietary saturated FAs (SFAs) usually reflects a complementary change in polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) intake. Since PUFA particularly n-3 highly PUFA, suppress lipogenic gene expression, their reduction in intake rather than excess of dietary SFA may promote endogenous PA production via DNL. Thereby, the increase in tissue PA and its deleterious consequences from dysregulated DNL can be mistakenly attributed to dietary intake of PA.
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8
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Garcia-Irigoyen O, Bovenga F, Piglionica M, Piccinin E, Cariello M, Arconzo M, Peres C, Corsetto PA, Rizzo AM, Ballanti M, Menghini R, Mingrone G, Lefebvre P, Staels B, Shirasawa T, Sabbà C, Villani G, Federici M, Moschetta A. Enterocyte superoxide dismutase 2 deletion drives obesity. iScience 2022; 25:103707. [PMID: 35036884 PMCID: PMC8753186 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence support an involvement of oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation as early events in the predisposition and development of obesity and its related comorbidities. Here, we show that deficiency of the major mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the gastrointestinal tract drives spontaneous obesity. Intestinal epithelium-specific Sod2 ablation in mice induced adiposity and inflammation via phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation and increased release of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid. Remarkably, this obese phenotype was rescued when fed an essential fatty acid-deficient diet, which abrogates de novo biosynthesis of arachidonic acid. Data from clinical samples revealed that the negative correlation between intestinal Sod2 mRNA levels and obesity features appears to be conserved between mice and humans. Collectively, our findings suggest a role of intestinal Sod2 levels, PLA2 activity, and arachidonic acid in obesity presenting new potential targets of therapeutic interest in the context of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Garcia-Irigoyen
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabiola Bovenga
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marilidia Piglionica
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Arconzo
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Peres
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Antonia Corsetto
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via D. Trentacoste 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Rizzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via D. Trentacoste 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Ballanti
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Takuji Shirasawa
- Department of Molecular Gerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Villani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale O. Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
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9
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Liu QK. Triglyceride-lowering and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk reduction. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:556-568. [PMID: 34172393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have been extensively studied as both dietary supplement and pharmaceutical agent for the prevention of ASCVD. Epidemiological and retrospective studies have long shown the inverse relationship of omega-3 PUFA consumption and ASCVD event but results of previous large randomized controlled trials have not consistently shown the same effect. Meta-analysis and a recent clinical trial using a high dose of eicosapentaenoic acid showed convincing protective effects of omega-3 PUFAs on ASCVD. Emerging evidence shows that both chronic inflammation and hypertriglyceridemia increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Amelioration of the inflammatory process and reduction of hypertriglyceridemia provide two mechanisms on the prevention and management of ASCVD, and agents with both of these effects are more potent and desirable. Omega-3 PUFAs exert anti-hypertriglyceridemia effect, ameliorate inflammation, and maintain the resolution of inflammation homeostasis pleiotropically through multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms. This review presents the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, the mechanisms of omega-3 PUFAs on the reduction of the atherosclerotic risk, and the current clinical utilities of omega-3 PUFAs on the prevention of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Keith Liu
- MedStar Medical Group, MedStar Montgomery Medical Center, Olney, MD 20832, USA.
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10
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Behrouz V, Yari Z. A review on differential effects of dietary fatty acids on weight, appetite and energy expenditure. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2235-2249. [PMID: 33261509 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1852172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The association between weight and chronic diseases is well defined. The quality and quantity of dietary fatty acids is an important external factor and appetite and energy expenditure, are important internal factors in determining body weight. On the other hand, dietary fatty acids composition can modulate appetite and energy metabolism, but not all fats are equal in producing metabolic responses.Given the accumulating evidence for differential effects of various dietary fatty acids, one important area of investigation is to scrutinize their roles in weight, appetite and energy expenditure modulation. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids have a greater effect on appetite control, although in the long run may result in more weight gain than unsaturated fatty acids due to a weaker stimulation of energy expenditure. In contrast, mono-unsaturated fats do not have much effects on appetite control, but they can be beneficial in weight control over the long term due to stimulatory effects on energy expenditure. Interestingly, in case of poly unsaturated fats, including n-3 and n-6, their effect on increasing energy expenditure is aligned, but they act differently in controlling weight and appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Behrouz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Enstad S, Cheema S, Thomas R, Fichorova RN, Martin CR, O'Tierney-Ginn P, Wagner CL, Sen S. The impact of maternal obesity and breast milk inflammation on developmental programming of infant growth. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:180-188. [PMID: 32814855 PMCID: PMC7855210 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Little is known about how maternal obesity impacts breast milk (BM) composition and how BM composition may impact growth. We sought to determine the role of maternal body mass index (BMI) on BM inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and to delineate the role of these BM markers on infant growth. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of 40 mother-infant dyads. We first assessed the association between maternal BMI and BM marker (omega-6:omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio (n-6:n-3 PUFA), leptin, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1β and malondialdehyde (MDA)) concentration at one (V1) and four (V4) months postpartum. We then examined the association between BM markers on infant growth trajectory from birth to seven months. Results: Higher maternal BMI was associated with higher BM n-6:n-3 PUFA (V1 β=0.12, 95% CI 0.01, 0.2; V4 β=0.13, 95% CI 0.01, 0.3) and leptin (V1 β=107, 95% CI 29, 184; V4 β=254, 95% CI 105, 403) concentrations. Infants exposed to high BM n-6:n-3 PUFA had higher BMI z-scores over time (p=0.01). Higher BM leptin was associated with lower infant percent fat mass at V4 (β=−9, 95% CI −17, −0.6). Infants exposed to high BM IL-8, IL-6, or IL-1β had higher weight z-scores over time (IL-8 p<0.001; IL-6 p<0.001; IL-1β p=0.02). There was no association between BM MDA and maternal BMI or infant growth. Conclusions: Higher maternal BMI is associated with higher BM n-6:n-3 PUFA and leptin concentrations. In addition, higher BM n-6:n-3 PUFA and inflammatory cytokines were associated with accelerated weight gain in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Enstad
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sukhinder Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Raymond Thomas
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Raina N Fichorova
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camilia R Martin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Carol L Wagner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sarbattama Sen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Supplementation comprising dietary fish oil with all-trans retinoic acid decreased blood lipids and fat accumulation in C57BL/6J mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Tsurutani Y, Inoue K, Sugisawa C, Saito J, Omura M, Nishikawa T. Increased Serum Dihomo-γ-linolenic Acid Levels Are Associated with Obesity, Body Fat Accumulation, and Insulin Resistance in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Intern Med 2018; 57:2929-2935. [PMID: 29877283 PMCID: PMC6232036 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0816-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To clarify the associations between serum omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels and obesity-related metabolic abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods and Materials Data from 225 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes were cross-sectionally analyzed. The serum levels of n-6 PUFAs [dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (AA)] and n-3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) were measured, and the estimated Δ-5 desaturase (D5D) activity was calculated based on the AA to DGLA ratio. The associations between the composition of PUFAs and obesity-related parameters, including the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, alanine amino transferase (ALT) level, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body fat percentage, as measured by a bioelectrical impedance analysis, were analyzed. Results Among the PUFAs, the DGLA level had the strongest correlations with BMI (p<0.001), waist circumference (p<0.001), ALT level (p<0.001), HOMA-IR (p<0.001), and body fat percentage (p<0.01). AA was positively correlated and D5D was negatively correlated with several obesity-related parameters, while n-3 PUFAs did not have a constant correlation. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that the DGLA level was an independent determinant for HOMA-IR (β=0.195, p=0.0066) after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, and the ALT, triglyceride, and HbA1c levels. Conclusion A high serum DGLA level was associated with obesity, body fat accumulation, a high ALT level, and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. The measurement of the serum PUFA levels may be useful for evaluating metabolic abnormalities and estimating the dietary habits of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tsurutani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inoue
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Japan
| | - Chiho Sugisawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Japan
| | - Jun Saito
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Japan
| | - Masao Omura
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Japan
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Axen KV, Harper MA, Kuo YF, Axen K. Very low-carbohydrate, high-fat, weight reduction diet decreases hepatic gene response to glucose in obese rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:54. [PMID: 31061673 PMCID: PMC6497366 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Very low carbohydrate (VLC) diets are used to promote weight loss and improve insulin resistance (IR) in obesity. Since the high fat content of VLC diets may predispose to hepatic steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance, we investigated the effect of a VLC weight-reduction diet on measures of hepatic and whole body insulin resistance in obese rats. Methods In Phase 1, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were made obese by ad libitum consumption of a high-fat (HF1, 60% of energy) diet; control rats ate a lower-fat (LF, 15%) diet for 10 weeks. In Phase 2, obese rats were fed energy-restricted amounts of a VLC (5%C, 65%F), LC (19%C, 55%F) or HC (55%C, 15%F) diet for 8 weeks while HF2 rats continued the HF diet ad libitum. In Phase 3, VLC rats were switched to the HC diet for 1 week. At the end of each phase, measurements of body composition and metabolic parameters were obtained. Hepatic insulin resistance was assessed by comparing expression of insulin-regulated genes following an oral glucose load,that increased plasma insulin levels, with the expression observed in the feed-deprived state. Results At the end of Phase 1, body weight, percent body fat, and hepatic lipid levels were greater in HF1 than LF rats (p < 0.05). At the end of Phase 2, percent body fat and intramuscular triglyceride decreased in LC and HC (p < 0.05), but not VLC rats, despite similar weight loss. VLC and HF2 rats had higher HOMA-IR and higher insulin at similar glucose levels following an ip glucose load than HC rats (p < 0.05). HC, but not VLC or HF2 rats, showed changes in Srebf1, Scd1, and Cpt1a expression (p < 0.05) in response to an oral glucose load. At the end of Phase 3, switching from the VLC to the HC diet mitigated differences in hepatic gene expression. Conclusion When compared with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet that produced similar weight loss, a commonly used VLC diet failed to improve whole body insulin resistance; it also reduced insulin’s effect on hepatic gene expression, which may reflect the development of hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen V Axen
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Marianna A Harper
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Yu Fu Kuo
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth Axen
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, USA
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Schuster S, Johnson CD, Hennebelle M, Holtmann T, Taha AY, Kirpich IA, Eguchi A, Ramsden CE, Papouchado BG, McClain CJ, Feldstein AE. Oxidized linoleic acid metabolites induce liver mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and NLRP3 activation in mice. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1597-1609. [PMID: 30084831 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m083741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating oxidized linoleic acid (LA) metabolites (OXLAMs) are increased in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and their levels correlate with disease severity. However, the mechanisms by which OXLAMs contribute to NASH development are incompletely understood. We tested the hypothesis that LA or OXLAMs provided directly through the diet are involved in the development of hepatic injury. C57BL/6 mice were fed an isocaloric high-fat diet containing low LA, high LA, or OXLAMs for 8 weeks. The livers of OXLAM-fed mice showed lower triglyceride concentrations, but higher FA oxidation and lipid peroxidation in association with increased oxidative stress. OXLAM-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with reduced Complex I protein and hepatic ATP levels, as well as increased mitochondrial biogenesis and cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA. Oxidative stress increased thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in the liver and stimulated the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) leading to apoptosis. We also found increased levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components and Caspase-1 activation in the livers of OXLAM-fed mice. In vitro, OXLAMs induced hepatocyte cell death, which was partly dependent on Caspase-1 activation. This study identified key mechanisms by which dietary OXLAMs contribute to NASH development, including mitochondrial dysfunction, hepatocyte cell death, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schuster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Casey D Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Marie Hennebelle
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Theresa Holtmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Christopher E Ramsden
- Intramural Programs of the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and FOODplus Research Center, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bettina G Papouchado
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY; Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
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Identification of novel single nucleotide polymorphism at thyroid hormone responsive (THRSP) gene of native goat breeds of India. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Huang LH, Chung HY, Su HM. Docosahexaenoic acid reduces sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and fatty acid synthase expression and inhibits cell proliferation by inhibiting pAkt signaling in a human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:890. [PMID: 29282029 PMCID: PMC5745739 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the major enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, is highly expressed in breast cancer and its expression is reduced by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in liver. We previously found a positive association between rat mammary tumor levels of the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) and tumor weight. We examined the roles of the major n-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), and the major n-6 PUFA, AA, in FASN expression in, and proliferation of, human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Methods The cells were treated for 48 h with BSA or 60 μM BSA-bound DHA, AA, or oleic acid (OA, 18:1n-9), then were incubated with or without estradiol or insulin. Western blot and 3H–thymidine incorporation assay were used to determine the role of DHA on FASN regulation and MCF-7 cell proliferation. Results DHA, but neither AA nor OA, inhibits estradiol-induced and insulin-induced expression of the precursor of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (p-SREBP-1), its mature form (m-SREBP-1), and FASN. Estradiol or insulin stimulation increased the pAkt/Akt and pS6/S6 ratios, expression of p-SREBP-1, m-SREBP-1, and FASN, and cell proliferation, and these effects were decreased by DHA. The DHA-induced decrease in FASN expression resulted from reduced pAkt/Akt signaling and not pERK1/2/ERK1/2 signaling. In addition, DHA enhanced the inhibitory effect of LY294002 on pAkt signaling and expression of p-SREBP-1, m-SREBP-1, and FASN. However, addition of rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mTOR signaling pathways, 1 h before addition of estradiol or insulin increased the pAkt/Akt ratio and FASN expression, and this effect was inhibited by addition of DHA 48 h before rapamycin. Conclusion We conclude that, in MCF-7 cells, DHA inhibits pAKT signaling and thus expression of p-SREBP-1, m-SREBP-1, and FASN and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsuan Huang
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec 1 Jai-Ai Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Chung
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec 1 Jai-Ai Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Su
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec 1 Jai-Ai Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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18
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Jump DB, Lytle KA, Depner CM, Tripathy S. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a treatment strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 181:108-125. [PMID: 28723414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obese and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients have a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a continuum of chronic liver diseases ranging from benign hepatosteatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Because of its strong association with the obesity epidemic, NAFLD is rapidly becoming a major public health concern worldwide. Surprisingly, there are no FDA approved NAFLD therapies; and current therapies focus on the co-morbidities associated with NAFLD, namely, obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The goal of this review is to provide background on the disease process, discuss human studies and preclinical models that have examined treatment options. We also provide an in-depth rationale for the use of dietary ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω3 PUFA) supplements as a treatment option for NAFLD. This focus is based on recent studies indicating that NASH patients and preclinical mouse models of NASH have low levels of hepatic C20-22 ω3 PUFA. This decline in hepatic PUFA may account for the major phenotypic features associated with NASH, including steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Finally, our discussion will address the strengths and limitations of ω3 PUFA supplements use in NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald B Jump
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Kelli A Lytle
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Christopher M Depner
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Sasmita Tripathy
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
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Jump DB, Botolin D, Wang Y, Xu J, Christian B. Fatty acids and gene transcription. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD & NUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17482970601069318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald B. Jump
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityMichiganUSA
| | - Daniela Botolin
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityMichiganUSA
| | - Yun Wang
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityMichiganUSA
| | - Jinghua Xu
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityMichiganUSA
| | - Barbara Christian
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityMichiganUSA
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20
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Zhao H, Pflug BR, Lai X, Wang M. Pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha 1 as a target of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human prostate cancer through a global phosphoproteomic analysis. Proteomics 2016; 16:2419-31. [PMID: 27357730 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the leading cancers in men. Taking dietary supplements, such as fish oil (FO), which is rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), has been employed as a strategy to lower prostate cancer risk and control disease progression. In this study, we investigated the global phosphoproteomic changes induced by FO using a combination of phosphoprotein-enrichment strategy and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. We found that FO induces many more phosphorylation changes than oleic acid when they both are compared to control group. Quantitative comparison between untreated group and FO- or oleic acid-treated groups uncovered a number of important protein phosphorylation changes induced by n-3PUFAs. This phosphoproteomic discovery study and the follow-up Western Blot validation study elucidate that phosphorylation levels of the two regulatory serine residues in pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha 1 (PDHA1), serine-232 and serine-300, are significantly decreased upon FO treatment. As expected, increased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was also observed. This study suggests that FO-induced phosphorylation changes in PDHA1 is more likely related to the glucose metabolism pathway, and n-3 PUFAs may have a role in controlling the balance between lipid and glucose oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Beth R Pflug
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xianyin Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Salvati S, Attorri L, Avellino C, Di Biase A, Sanchez M. The Myelinogenesis Process in Undernourished Rats Rehabilitated with Different Dietary Lipids. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 3:19-27. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2000.11747300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ponziani FR, Pecere S, Gasbarrini A, Ojetti V. Physiology and pathophysiology of liver lipid metabolism. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 9:1055-67. [PMID: 26070860 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1056156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver lipid metabolism and its modulation are involved in many pathologic conditions, such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Metabolic disorders seem to share a similar background of low-grade chronic inflammation, even if the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to tissue and organ damage have not been completely clarified yet. The accumulation of neutral lipids in the liver is now recognized as a beneficial and protective mechanism; on the other hand, lipoperoxidation is involved in the development and progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The role of the gut microbiota in liver lipid metabolism has been the object of recent scientific investigations. It is likely that the gut microbiota is involved in a complex metabolic modulation and the translocation of gut microflora may also contribute to maintaining the low-grade inflammatory status of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, lipid metabolism pathology has vague limits and complex mechanisms, and the knowledge of these is essential to guide diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.
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Simopoulos AP. An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk for Obesity. Nutrients 2016; 8:128. [PMID: 26950145 PMCID: PMC4808858 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 880] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past three decades, total fat and saturated fat intake as a percentage of total calories has continuously decreased in Western diets, while the intake of omega-6 fatty acid increased and the omega-3 fatty acid decreased, resulting in a large increase in the omega-6/omega-3 ratio from 1:1 during evolution to 20:1 today or even higher. This change in the composition of fatty acids parallels a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Experimental studies have suggested that omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids elicit divergent effects on body fat gain through mechanisms of adipogenesis, browning of adipose tissue, lipid homeostasis, brain-gut-adipose tissue axis, and most importantly systemic inflammation. Prospective studies clearly show an increase in the risk of obesity as the level of omega-6 fatty acids and the omega-6/omega-3 ratio increase in red blood cell (RBC) membrane phospholipids, whereas high omega-3 RBC membrane phospholipids decrease the risk of obesity. Recent studies in humans show that in addition to absolute amounts of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid intake, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio plays an important role in increasing the development of obesity via both AA eicosanoid metabolites and hyperactivity of the cannabinoid system, which can be reversed with increased intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). A balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio is important for health and in the prevention and management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis P Simopoulos
- The Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health, 4330 Klingle Street NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in the Hepatopancreas Tissue of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Fed Different Lipid Sources at Low Salinity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144889. [PMID: 26670122 PMCID: PMC4686024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-seq was used to compare the transcriptomic response of hepatopancreas in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei fed three diets with different lipid sources, including beef tallow (BT), fish oil (FO), and an equal combination of soybean oil + BT + linseed oil (SBL) for 8 weeks at 3 practical salinity unit (psu). A total of 9622 isogenes were annotated in 316 KEGG pathways and 39, 42 and 32 pathways significantly changed in the paired comparisons of FO vs SBL, BT vs SBL, or FO vs BT, respectively. The pathways of glycerolipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, fatty acid degradation, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid were significantly changed in all paired comparisons between dietary lipid sources, and the pathways of glycerolipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism significantly changed in the FO vs SBL and BT vs SBL comparisons. These pathways are associated with energy metabolism and cell membrane structure. The results indicate that lipids sources affect the adaptation of L. vannamei to low salinity by providing extra energy or specific fatty acids to change gill membrane structure and control iron balance. The results of this study lay a foundation for further understanding lipid or fatty acid metabolism in L. vannamei at low salinity.
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Zhao H, Pflug BR, Lai X, Wang M. Metabolic and molecular regulation of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on prostate cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:267-79. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Beth R. Pflug
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Xianyin Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Mu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
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Effect of Dietary ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid DHA on Glycolytic Enzymes and Warburg Phenotypes in Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:137097. [PMID: 26339588 PMCID: PMC4538308 DOI: 10.1155/2015/137097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are a class of lipids that has been shown to have beneficial effects on some chronic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Among ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has received particular attention for its antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenetic, anti-invasion, and antimetastatic properties, even though the involved molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Recently, some in vitro studies showed that DHA promotes the inhibition of glycolytic enzymes and the Warburg phenotype. For example, it was shown that in breast cancer cell lines the modulation of bioenergetic functions is due to the capacity of DHA to activate the AMPK signalling and negatively regulate the HIF-1α functions. Taking into account these considerations, this review is focused on current knowledge concerning the role of DHA in interfering with cancer cell metabolism; this could be considered a further mechanism by which DHA inhibits cancer cell survival and progression.
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JTP-103237, a monoacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitor, prevents fatty liver and suppresses both triglyceride synthesis and de novo lipogenesis. J Pharmacol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Antal O, Péter M, Hackler L, Mán I, Szebeni G, Ayaydin F, Hideghéty K, Vigh L, Kitajka K, Balogh G, Puskás LG. Lipidomic analysis reveals a radiosensitizing role of gamma-linolenic acid in glioma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1271-82. [PMID: 26092623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is effective against glioma cells under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In the present study we determined how GLA alone or in combination with irradiation alters the fatty acid (FA) and lipid profiles, the lipid droplet (LD) content, the lipid biosynthetic gene expression and the apoptosis of glioma cells. In GLA-treated cells direct correlations were found between the levels of various FAs and the expression of the corresponding FA biosynthetic genes. The total levels of saturated and monosaturated FAs decreased in concert with the down-regulation of FASN and SCD1 gene expression. Similarly, decreased FADS1 gene expression was paralleled by lowered arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3) contents, while the down-regulation of FADS2 expression was accompanied by a diminished docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) content. Detailed mass spectrometric analyses revealed that individual treatments gave rise to distinct lipidomic fingerprints. Following uptake, GLA was subjected to elongation, resulting in dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6, DGLA), which was used for the synthesis of the LD constituent triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters. Accordingly, an increased number of LDs were observed in response to GLA administration after irradiation. GLA increased the radioresponsiveness of U87 MG cells, as demonstrated by an increase in the number of apoptotic cells determined by FACS analysis. In conclusion, treatment with GLA increased the apoptosis of irradiated glioma cells, and GLA might therefore increase the therapeutic efficacy of irradiation in the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Antal
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Mária Péter
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | | | - Imola Mán
- Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3)
| | | | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- Department of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - László Vigh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Klára Kitajka
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3)
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Laszló G Puskás
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3).
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Morato PN, Rodrigues JB, Moura CS, e Silva FGD, Esmerino EA, Cruz AG, Bolini HMA, Amaya-Farfan J, Lollo PCB. Omega-3 enriched chocolate milk: A functional drink to improve health during exhaustive exercise. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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A prospective study of erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid, weight gain, and risk of becoming overweight or obese in middle-aged and older women. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:687-697. [PMID: 25820817 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE ω3 and ω6 fatty acids (FA) may have divergent effects on the development of obesity. We examined the association of baseline erythrocyte ω3 and ω6 FA composition with body weight change and the risk of becoming overweight or obese in the Women's Health Study (WHS) participants. METHODS We identified 534 women who had baseline erythrocyte FA measured and a baseline body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-<25 kg/m(2). Body weight was updated at a total of six time points during follow-up. RESULTS Weight gain during a mean of 10.4-year follow-up increased with increasing quartiles of baseline erythrocyte cis ω6 FA, ω6/ω3 ratio, and trans FA while decreased with increasing cis ω3 FA. After multivariable adjustment including total energy intake and physical activity, the weight gain (kg) in the highest versus the lowest quartile was 3.08 versus 2.32 for erythrocyte cis ω6 FA (p trend 0.04), 2.07 versus 2.92 for cis ω3 FA (p trend 0.08), 2.93 versus 2.05 for ω6/ω3 ratio (p trend 0.046), and 3.03 versus 2.27 for trans FA (p trend 0.06). Among individual FA, the associations were significant for 18:2ω6, 18:3ω6, and trans 18:1 and marginally significant for 20:3ω6 and trans 18:2. The risk of becoming overweight or obese (defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m(2) at any follow-up time point) increased across increasing ω6/ω3 ratio (multivariable model p trend 0.04). CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study, we found suggestive evidence that erythrocyte cis ω6 FA may be positively associated, and cis ω3 FA inversely associated with weight gain in initially normal-weight women.
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Liu JJ, Green P, John Mann J, Rapoport SI, Sublette ME. Pathways of polyunsaturated fatty acid utilization: implications for brain function in neuropsychiatric health and disease. Brain Res 2015; 1597:220-46. [PMID: 25498862 PMCID: PMC4339314 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have profound effects on brain development and function. Abnormalities of PUFA status have been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pathophysiologic mechanisms could involve not only suboptimal PUFA intake, but also metabolic and genetic abnormalities, defective hepatic metabolism, and problems with diffusion and transport. This article provides an overview of physiologic factors regulating PUFA utilization, highlighting their relevance to neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne J Liu
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Pnina Green
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Fan J, Krautkramer KA, Feldman JL, Denu JM. Metabolic regulation of histone post-translational modifications. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:95-108. [PMID: 25562692 DOI: 10.1021/cb500846u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications regulate transcription and other DNA-templated functions. This process is dynamically regulated by specific modifying enzymes whose activities require metabolites that either serve as cosubstrates or act as activators/inhibitors. Therefore, metabolism can influence histone modification by changing local concentrations of key metabolites. Physiologically, the epigenetic response to metabolism is important for nutrient sensing and environment adaption. In pathologic states, the connection between metabolism and histone modification mediates epigenetic abnormality in complex disease. In this review, we summarize recent studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in metabolic regulation of histone modifications and discuss their biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry and the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Krautkramer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry and the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Jessica L. Feldman
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry and the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - John M. Denu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry and the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
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De Marchi F, Palin MF, dos Santos G, Lima L, Benchaar C, Petit H. Flax meal supplementation on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of oxidative stress- and lipogenic-related genes in dairy cows infused with sunflower oil in the abomasum. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Ameer F, Scandiuzzi L, Hasnain S, Kalbacher H, Zaidi N. De novo lipogenesis in health and disease. Metabolism 2014; 63:895-902. [PMID: 24814684 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a complex and highly regulated metabolic pathway. In normal conditions DNL converts excess carbohydrate into fatty acids that are then esterified to storage triacylglycerols (TGs). These TGs could later provide energy via β-oxidation. In human body this pathway is primarily active in liver and adipose tissue. However, it is considered to be a minor contributor to the serum lipid homeostasis. Deregulations in the lipogenic pathway are associated with diverse pathological conditions. SCOPE OF REVIEW The present review focuses on our current understanding of the lipogenic pathway with special reference to the causes and consequences of aberrant DNL. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The deregulation of DNL in the major lipogenic tissues of the human body is often observed in various metabolic anomalies - including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. In addition to that de novo lipogenesis is reported to be exacerbated in cancer tissues, virus infected cells etc. These observations suggest that inhibitors of the DNL pathway might serve as therapeutically significant compounds. The effectiveness of these inhibitors in treatment of cancer and obesity has been suggested by previous works. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE De novo lipogenesis - which is an intricate and highly regulated pathway - can lead to adverse metabolic consequences when deregulated. Therapeutic targeting of this pathway may open a new window of opportunity for combating various lipogenesis-driven pathological conditions - including obesity, cancer and certain viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ameer
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - Lisa Scandiuzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - Hubert Kalbacher
- Medical and Natural Sciences Research Centre, University of Tubingen, Germany
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan.
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Pasture v. standard dairy cream in high-fat diet-fed mice: improved metabolic outcomes and stronger intestinal barrier. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:520-35. [PMID: 24932525 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dairy products derived from the milk of cows fed in pastures are characterised by higher amounts of conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid (ALA), and several studies have shown their ability to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, their specific metabolic effects compared with standard dairy in a high-fat diet (HFD) context remain largely unknown; this is what we determined in the present study with a focus on the metabolic and intestinal parameters. The experimental animals were fed for 12 weeks a HFD containing 20 % fat in the form of a pasture dairy cream (PDC) or a standard dairy cream (SDC). Samples of plasma, liver, white adipose tissue, duodenum, jejunum and colon were analysed. The PDC mice, despite a higher food intake, exhibited lower fat mass, plasma and hepatic TAG concentrations, and inflammation in the adipose tissue than the SDC mice. Furthermore, they exhibited a higher expression of hepatic PPARα mRNA and adipose tissue uncoupling protein 2 mRNA, suggesting an enhanced oxidative activity of the tissues. These results might be explained, in part, by the higher amounts of ALA in the PDC diet and in the liver and adipose tissue of the PDC mice. Moreover, the PDC diet was found to increase the proportions of two strategic cell populations involved in the protective function of the intestinal epithelium, namely Paneth and goblet cells in the small intestine and colon, compared with the SDC diet. In conclusion, a PDC HFD leads to improved metabolic outcomes and to a stronger gut barrier compared with a SDC HFD. This may be due, at least in part, to the protective mechanisms induced by specific lipids.
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Abstract
The glucokinase (GK) enzyme (EC 2.7.1.1.) is essential for the use of dietary glucose because it is the first enzyme to phosphorylate glucose in excess in different key tissues such as the pancreas and liver. The objective of the present review is not to fully describe the biochemical characteristics and the genetics of this enzyme but to detail its nutritional regulation in different vertebrates from fish to human. Indeed, the present review will describe the existence of the GK enzyme in different animal species that have naturally different levels of carbohydrate in their diets. Thus, some studies have been performed to analyse the nutritional regulation of the GK enzyme in humans and rodents (having high levels of dietary carbohydrates in their diets), in the chicken (moderate level of carbohydrates in its diet) and rainbow trout (no carbohydrate intake in its diet). All these data illustrate the nutritional importance of the GK enzyme irrespective of feeding habits, even in animals known to poorly use dietary carbohydrates (carnivorous species).
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Bou M, Todorčević M, Fontanillas R, Capilla E, Gutiérrez J, Navarro I. Adipose tissue and liver metabolic responses to different levels of dietary carbohydrates in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 175:72-81. [PMID: 24875564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the effects of replacing dietary lipids by carbohydrates and carbohydrates by fiber on gilthead sea bream growth, as well as lipid and glucose metabolism in adipose tissue and liver over the course of a 15-week feeding trial. Six different diets were formulated and fish were classified into two experimental groups sharing one diet. In the first group (LS), fish were fed four diets where lipids were reduced (23%-17%) by increasing carbohydrates (12%-28%) and, the second group (SF) consisted on three diets where the amount of carbohydrates (28%-11%) was exchanged at expenses of fiber (1%-18%). Differences in growth were not observed; nevertheless, the hepatosomatic index was positively related to dietary starch levels, apparently not due to enhanced hepatic lipogenesis, partly supported by unchanged G6PDH expression. In the LS group, lipogenic activity of adipose tissue was stimulated with low-lipid/high-carbohydrate diets by up-regulating G6PDH expression and a tendency to increase FAS, and promoted carbohydrate utilization versus fatty acid oxidation by modulating the transcription factors LXRα, PPARα and PPARβ expression. In the SF group, PPARs and LXRα increased parallel to fiber levels in adipose tissue. Furthermore, an adaptation of hepatic GK to dietary starch inclusion was observed in both groups; however, the lack of effects on G6Pase expression indicated that gluconeogenesis was not nutritionally regulated under the conditions examined. Overall, metabolic adaptations directed to an efficient use of dietary carbohydrates are present in gilthead sea bream, supporting the possibility of increasing carbohydrate or fiber content in diets for aquaculture sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bou
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | | | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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Yamada H, Oshiro E, Kikuchi S, Hakozaki M, Takahashi H, Kimura KI. Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids from the Pacific krill show high ligand activities for PPARs. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:895-904. [PMID: 24668940 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m047514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARs regulate the expression of genes for energy metabolism in a ligand-dependent manner. PPARs can influence fatty acid oxidation, the level of circulating triglycerides, glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate that 5-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), 8-HEPE, 9-HEPE, 12-HEPE and 18-HEPE (hydroxylation products of EPA) obtained from methanol extracts of Pacific krill (Euphausia pacifica) can act as PPAR ligands. Two of these products, 8-HEPE and 9-HEPE, enhanced the transcription levels of GAL4-PPARs to a significantly greater extent than 5-HEPE, 12-HEPE, 18-HEPE, EPA, and EPA ethyl-ester. 8-HEPE also activated significantly higher transcription of GAL4-PPARα, GAL4-PPARγ, and GAL4-PPARδ than EPA at concentrations greater than 4, 64, and 64 μM, respectively. We also demonstrated that 8-HEPE increased the expression levels of genes regulated by PPARs in FaO, 3T3-F442A, and C2C12 cells. Furthermore, 8-HEPE enhanced adipogenesis and glucose uptake. By contrast, at the same concentrations, EPA showed weak or little effect, indicating that 8-HEPE was the more potent inducer of physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Yamada
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
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Bouchard-Mercier A, Rudkowska I, Lemieux S, Couture P, Vohl MC. An interaction effect between glucokinase gene variation and carbohydrate intakes modulates the plasma triglyceride response to a fish oil supplementation. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:395. [PMID: 24643341 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A large inter-individual variability in the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to fish oil consumption has been observed. The objective was to investigate the gene-diet interaction effects between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within glucokinase (GCK) gene and dietary carbohydrate intakes (CHO) on the plasma TG response to a fish oil supplementation. Two hundred and eight participants were recruited in the greater Quebec City area. The participants completed a 6-week fish oil supplementation (5 g fish oil/day: 1.9-2.2 g EPA and 1.1 g DHA). Thirteen SNPs within GCK gene were genotyped using TAQMAN methodology. A gene-diet interaction effect on the plasma TG response was observed with rs741038 and CHO adjusted for age, sex and BMI (p = 0.008). In order to compare the plasma TG response between genotypes according to CHO, participants were divided according to median CHO. Homozygotes of the minor C allele of rs741038 with high CHO >48.59 % had a greater decrease in their plasma TG concentrations following the intake of fish oil (p < 0.05) than C/C homozygotes with low CHO and also than the other genotypes either with high or low CHO. The plasma TG response to a fish oil supplementation may be modulated by gene-diet interaction effects involving GCK gene and CHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bouchard-Mercier
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Martínez-Ramírez HR, Kramer JKG, de Lange CFM. Retention of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in trimmed loin and belly is independent of timing of feeding ground flaxseed to growing-finishing female pigs1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:238-49. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. R. Martínez-Ramírez
- Centre for Nutritional Modeling, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J. K. G. Kramer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - C. F. M. de Lange
- Centre for Nutritional Modeling, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the fatty acid composition of hepatic and plasma bioactive lipids in C57BL/6 mice: a lipidomic approach. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82399. [PMID: 24278481 PMCID: PMC3836780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are converted to bioactive lipid components that are important mediators in metabolic and physiological pathways; however, which bioactive compounds are metabolically active, and their mechanisms of action are still not clear. We investigated using lipidomic techniques, the effects of diets high in n-3 PUFA on the fatty acid composition of various bioactive lipids in plasma and liver. Methodology and Principal Findings Female C57BL/6 mice were fed semi-purified diets (20% w/w fat) containing varying amounts of n-3 PUFA before mating, during gestation and lactation, and until weaning. Male offspring were continued on their mothers’ diets for 16 weeks. Hepatic and plasma lipids were extracted in the presence of non-naturally occurring internal standards, and tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry methods were used to measure the fatty acyl compositions. There was no significant difference in total concentrations of phospholipids in both groups. However, there was a significantly higher concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid containing phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and cholesteryl esters (CE) (p < 0.01) in the high n-3 PUFA group compared to the low n-3 PUFA group in both liver and plasma. Plasma and liver from the high n-3 PUFA group also had a higher concentration of free n-3 PUFA (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of different fatty acyl species of phosphatidylethanolamine, triglycerides, sphingomyelin and ceramides. Conclusions/Significance Our findings reveal for the first time that a diet high in n-3 PUFA caused enrichment of n-3 PUFA in PC, LPC, CE and free fatty acids in the plasma and liver of C57BL/6 mice. PC, LPC, and unesterified free n-3 PUFA are important bioactive lipids, thus altering their fatty acyl composition will have important metabolic and physiological roles.
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Effects on transcriptional regulation and lipid droplet characteristics in the liver of female juvenile pigs after early postnatal feed restriction and refeeding are dependent on birth weight. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76705. [PMID: 24260100 PMCID: PMC3834034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental data indicate that caloric restriction in early postnatal life may improve liver lipid metabolism in low birth weight individuals. The present study investigated transcriptional and metabolic responses to low (U) and normal (N) birth weight (d 75, T1) and postnatal feed restriction (R, 60% of controls, d 98, T2) followed by subsequent refeeding until d 131 of age (T3). Liver tissue studies were performed with a total of 42 female pigs which were born by multiparous German landrace sows. Overall, 194 genes were differentially expressed in the liver of U vs. N (T1) animals with roles in lipid metabolism. The total mean area and number of lipid droplets (LD) was about 4.6- and 3.7 times higher in U compared to N. In U, the mean LD size (µm2) was 24.9% higher. 3-week feed restriction reduced total mean area of LDs by 58.3 and 72.7% in U and N, respectively. A functional role of the affected genes in amino acid metabolism was additionally indicated. This was reflected by a 17.0% higher arginine concentration in the liver of UR animals (vs. NR). To evaluate persistency of effects, analyses were also done after refeeding period at T3. Overall, 4 and 22 genes show persistent regulation in U and N animals after 5 weeks of refeeding, respectively. These genes are involved in e.g. processes of lipid and protein metabolism and glucose homeostasis. Moreover, the recovery of total mean LD area in U and N animals back to the previous T1 level was observed. However, when compared to controls, the mean LD size was still reduced by 23.3% in UR, whereas it was increased in NR (+24.7%). The present results suggest that short-term postnatal feed restriction period programmed juvenile U animals for an increased rate of hepatic lipolysis in later life.
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Ferguson JF, Mulvey CK, Patel PN, Shah RY, Doveikis J, Zhang W, Tabita-Martinez J, Terembula K, Eiden M, Koulman A, Griffin JL, Mehta NN, Shah R, Propert KJ, Song WL, Reilly MP. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation and the response to evoked endotoxemia in healthy volunteers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:601-13. [PMID: 24190860 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA may improve cardiometabolic health through modulation of innate immunity. However, findings in clinical studies are conflicting. We hypothesized that n-3 PUFA supplementation would dose-dependently reduce the systemic inflammatory response to experimental endotoxemia in healthy humans. METHODS AND RESULTS The Fenofibrate and omega-3 Fatty Acid Modulation of Endotoxemia (FFAME) study was an 8-wk randomized double-blind trial of placebo or n-3 PUFA supplementation (Lovaza 465 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 375 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) at "low" (1/day, 900 mg) or "high" (4/day, 3600 mg) dose in healthy individuals (N = 60; age 18-45; BMI 18-30; 43% female; 65% European-, 20% African-, 15% Asian-ancestry) before a low-dose endotoxin challenge (LPS 0.6 ng/kg intravenous bolus). The endotoxemia-induced temperature increase was significantly reduced with high-dose (p = 0.03) but not low-dose EPA + DHA compared to placebo. Although there was no statistically significant impact of EPA + DHA on individual inflammatory responses (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), IL-1 receptor agonist (IL-1RA), IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA)), there was a pattern of lower responses across all biomarkers with high-dose (nine of nine observed), but not low-dose EPA + DHA. CONCLUSION EPA + DHA at 3600 mg/day, but not 900 mg/day, reduced fever and had a pattern of attenuated LPS induction of plasma inflammatory markers during endotoxemia. Clinically and nutritionally relevant long-chain n-3 PUFA regimens may have specific, dose-dependent, anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane F Ferguson
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Feldman JL, Baeza J, Denu JM. Activation of the protein deacetylase SIRT6 by long-chain fatty acids and widespread deacylation by mammalian sirtuins. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31350-6. [PMID: 24052263 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c113.511261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1 through SIRT7) are members of a highly conserved family of NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases that function in metabolism, genome maintenance, and stress responses. Emerging evidence suggests that some sirtuins display substrate specificity toward other acyl groups attached to the lysine ε-amine. SIRT6 was recently reported to preferentially hydrolyze long-chain fatty acyl groups over acetyl groups. Here we investigated the catalytic ability of all sirtuins to hydrolyze 13 different acyl groups from histone H3 peptides, ranging in carbon length, saturation, and chemical diversity. We find that long-chain deacylation is a general feature of mammalian sirtuins, that SIRT1 and SIRT2 act as efficient decrotonylases, and that SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, and SIRT4 can remove lipoic acid. These results provide new insight into sirtuin function and a means for cellular removal of an expanding list of endogenous lysine modifications. Given that SIRT6 is a poor deacetylase in vitro, but binds and prefers to hydrolyze long-chain acylated peptides, we hypothesize that binding of certain free fatty acids (FFAs) could stimulate deacetylation activity. Indeed, we demonstrate that several biologically relevant FFAs (including myristic, oleic, and linoleic acids) at physiological concentrations induce up to a 35-fold increase in catalytic efficiency of SIRT6 but not SIRT1. The activation mechanism is consistent with fatty acid inducing a conformation that binds acetylated H3 with greater affinity. Binding of long-chain FFA and myristoylated H3 peptide is mutually exclusive. We discuss the implications of discovering endogenous, small-molecule activators of SIRT6.
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Andrade-Vieira R, Han JH, Marignani PA. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid promotes the inhibition of glycolytic enzymes and mTOR signaling by regulating the tumor suppressor LKB1. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:1050-8. [PMID: 24025358 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.26206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3PUFAs) are a class of lipids biologically effective for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Patients consuming a high dietary intake of ω3PUFAs have shown a low incidence of metabolic disorders, including cancer. Although the effects of ω3PUFAs intake was shown to be involved in the prevention and treatment of these diseases, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved are not well understood. Here, we show that ω3PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhanced the tumor suppressor function of LKB1. We observed that when LKB1 expressing cells are treated with DHA, there is an increase in LKB1 activity leading to phosphorylation of AMPK and inhibition of mTOR signaling. Abrogation of LKB1 in MCF-7 cells by siRNA reversed this phenotype. Furthermore, cellular metabolism was altered and ATP levels were reduced in response to DHA treatment, which was further attenuated in cells expressing LKB1. More importantly, in mammary epithelial cells expressing LKB1, the rate of glycolysis was decreased as a result of diminished expression of glycolytic enzymes. Functionally, these events lead to a decrease in the migration potential of these cells. Overall, our discovery shows for the first time that LKB1 function is enhanced in response to ω3PUFA treatment, thereby resulting in the regulation of cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Andrade-Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Medicine; Dalhousie University; Halifax, NS Canada
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Abstract
Fatty acid regulation of hepatic gene transcription was first reported in the early 1990s. Several transcription factors have been identified as targets of fatty acid regulation. This regulation is achieved by direct fatty acid binding to the transcription factor or by indirect mechanisms where fatty acids regulate signaling pathways controlling the expression of transcription factors or the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, or proteolytic cleavage of the transcription factor. Although dietary fatty acids are well-established regulators of hepatic transcription factors, emerging evidence indicates that endogenously generated fatty acids are equally important in controlling transcription factors in the context of glucose and lipid homeostasis. Our first goal in this review is to provide an up-to-date examination of the molecular and metabolic bases of fatty acid regulation of key transcription factors controlling hepatic metabolism. Our second goal is to link these mechanisms to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a growing health concern in the obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald B Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Science, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Londero LG, Rieger DK, Hansen F, Silveira SL, Martins TL, Lulhier F, da Silva RS, Souza DO, Perry MLS, de Assis AM. Dietary n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids modify phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity and lipid synthesis from glucose in adipose tissue of rats fed a high-sucrose diet. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 31:636-42. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane G. Londero
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biologic Sciences of Health; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Débora K. Rieger
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biologic Sciences of Health; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Fernanda Hansen
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biologic Sciences of Health; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Simone L. Silveira
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biologic Sciences of Health; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Tiago L. Martins
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biologic Sciences of Health; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Physiology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biologic Sciences of Health; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Francisco Lulhier
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biologic Sciences of Health; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Roselis S. da Silva
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biologic Sciences of Health; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Physiology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biologic Sciences of Health; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Diogo O. Souza
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biologic Sciences of Health; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Marcos L. S. Perry
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biologic Sciences of Health; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Adriano M. de Assis
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biologic Sciences of Health; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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Brown I, Cascio MG, Rotondo D, Pertwee RG, Heys SD, Wahle KW. Cannabinoids and omega-3/6 endocannabinoids as cell death and anticancer modulators. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:80-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Wu MH, Tsai YT, Hua KT, Chang KC, Kuo ML, Lin MT. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid inhibit macrophage-induced gastric cancer cell migration by attenuating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 10. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1434-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Response of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism to a mixture or single fatty acids: Possible presence of fatty acid-sensing mechanisms. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 164:241-8. [PMID: 23010243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To assess the hypothesis that an acute dietary fatty acid (FA) supply may improve glucose tolerance in rainbow trout, we orally administered fish with fish oil (FO; 10mL.kg(-1), one time), which were then subjected to a glucose tolerance test and sampled 6h after injection. Parameters related to glucose and lipid metabolism were then assessed. The results suggest that when both nutrients were administered at the same time, an increased potential for lipogenesis occurred concomitantly with a lower level of glycaemia. In a second experiment we administered intraperitoneally a single FA present in the FO mixture such as oleic acid (60 or 300μg.kg(-1)) whereas octanoic acid (60 or 300μg.kg(-1)) was used as negative control (absent from the FO). However, the effects of both FA were similar in reducing the potential of lipid synthesis and oxidation, and in enhancing the potential of glucose synthesis and glycogenesis. Differences found between FO and single FA administration show that response to FA was dependent on the treatment (mixture vs. single FA) but also comply with the idea that an interaction between FA and glucose rather than FA alone are in the origin of the results reported. The administration of individual FA such as oleic and octanoic acid failed in enhancing lipogenesis and reducing plasma glucose levels and thus in explaining results obtained with FO. However, results provide evidence that FA even provided at a low dose play a key role in the regulation of several putative components of a FA sensing system present in rainbow trout liver.
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