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P AP, V AM, V AV, K A, S N, S MM, Singh ISB, Philip R. A Novel Beta-Defensin Isoform from Malabar Trevally, Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), an Arsenal Against Fish Bacterial Pathogens: Molecular Characterization, Recombinant Production, and Mechanism of Action. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 26:696-715. [PMID: 38922559 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including beta-defensin from fish, are a crucial class of peptide medicines. The focus of the current study is the molecular and functional attributes of CmDef, a 63-amino acid beta-defensin AMP from Malabar trevally, Carangoides malabaricus. This peptide demonstrated typical characteristics of AMPs, including hydrophobicity, amphipathic nature, and +2.8 net charge. The CmDef was recombinantly expressed and the recombinant peptide, rCmDef displayed a strong antimicrobial activity against bacterial fish pathogens with an MIC of 8 µM for V. proteolyticus and 32 µM for A. hydrophila. The E. tarda and V. harveyi showed an inhibition of 94% and 54%, respectively, at 32 µM concentration. No activity was observed against V. fluvialis and V. alginolyticus. The rCmDef has a multimode of action that exerts an antibacterial effect by membrane depolarization followed by membrane permeabilization and ROS production. rCmDef also exhibited anti-cancer activities in silico without causing hemolysis. The peptide demonstrated stability under various conditions, including different pH levels, temperatures, salts, and metal ions (KCl and CaCl2), and remained stable in the presence of proteases such as trypsin and proteinase K at concentrations up to 0.2 µg/100 µl. The strong antibacterial efficacy and non-cytotoxic nature suggest that rCmDef is a single-edged sword that can contribute significantly to aquaculture disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira P P
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Anju M V
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Anooja V V
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Archana K
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Neelima S
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Muhammed Musthafa S
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India.
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Fabri-Ruiz S, Berdalet E, Ulses C, Somot S, Vila M, Lemée R, Irisson JO. Harmful Ostreopsis cf. ovata blooms could extend in time span with climate change in the Western Mediterranean Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174726. [PMID: 39002574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Fast environmental changes and high coastal human pressures and impacts threaten the Mediterranean Sea. Over the last decade, recurrent blooms of the harmful dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata have been recorded in many Mediterranean beaches. These microalgae produce toxins that affect marine organisms and human health. Understanding the environmental conditions that influence the appearance and magnitude of O. cf. ovata blooms, as well as how climate change will modify its future distribution and dynamics, is crucial for predicting and managing their effects. This study investigates whether the spatio-temporal distribution of this microalga and the frequency of its blooms could be altered in future climate change scenarios in the Mediterranean Western basin. For the first time, an ecological habitat model (EHM) is forced by physico-chemical climate change simulations at high-resolution, under the strong greenhouse gas emission trajectory (RCP8.5). It allows to characterize how O. cf. ovata may respond to projected conditions and how its distribution could shift over a wide spatial scale, in this plausible future. Before being applied to the EHM, future climate simulations are further refined by using a statistical adaptation method (Cumulative Distribution Function transform) to improve the predictions robustness. Temperature (optimum 23-26 °C), high salinity (>38 psu) and high inorganic nutrient concentrations (nitrate >0.25 mmol N·m-3 and phosphate >0.035 mmol P·m-3) drive O. cf. ovata abundances. High spatial disparities in future abundances are observed. Namely, O. cf. ovata abundances could increase on the Mediterranean coasts of France, Spain and the Adriatic Sea while a decrease is expected in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The bloom period could be extended, starting earlier and continuing later in the year. From a methodological point of view, this study highlights best practices of EHMs in the context of climate change to identify sensitive areas for current and future harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fabri-Ruiz
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France; DECOD, L'Institut Agro, IFREMER, INRAE, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - E Berdalet
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Ulses
- Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - S Somot
- CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - M Vila
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Lemée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - J-O Irisson
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
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Athira PP, Anooja VV, Anju MV, Archana K, Neelima S, Muhammed Musthafa S, Bright Singh IS, Philip R. Antibacterial Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action of a Novel Beta-Defensin from Snakehead Murrel, Channa striata. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10307-2. [PMID: 38963507 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Beta-defensins, identified from fishes, constitute a crucial category of antimicrobial peptides important in combating bacterial fish pathogens. The present investigation centers on the molecular and functional characterization of CsDef, a 63-amino acid beta-defensin antimicrobial peptide derived from snakehead murrel (Channa striata). The physicochemical attributes of CsDef align with the distinctive characteristics observed in AMPs. CsDef was recombinantly produced, and the recombinant peptide, rCsDef, exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy against bacterial fish pathogens with an MIC of 16 μM for V. proteolyticus. A. hydrophila exhibited 91% inhibition, E. tarda 92%, and V. harveyi 53% at 32 μM of rCsDef. The rCsDef exhibited a multifaceted mechanism of action against bacteria, i.e., through membrane depolarization, membrane permeabilization, and generation of ROS. The rCsDef was non-hemolytic to hRBCs and non-cytotoxic to normal mammalian cell line CHO-K1. However, it exhibited anticancer properties in MCF-7. rCsDef demonstrated notable stability with respect to pH, temperature, salt, metal ions, and proteases. These findings suggest it is a potential candidate molecule for prospective applications in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Athira
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - V V Anooja
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - M V Anju
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - K Archana
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - S Neelima
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - S Muhammed Musthafa
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India.
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Monserrat M, Asnaghi V, Verdura J, Meroni L, Lemée R, Rossi AM, Romero G, Priouzeau F, Chiantore M, Mangialajo L. From micro to mesoscale: Understanding the influence of macroalgal communities on Ostreopsis Schmidt blooms. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 136:102650. [PMID: 38876526 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are increasing in temperate areas, and the growth rates of benthic harmful dinoflagellates may be favoured in the context of global climate change. Benthic dinoflagellates, including species belonging to the Ostreopsis Schmidt genus, are known to develop on the surface of macroalgae and different macroalgal morphotypes and communities could host higher or lower cell abundances. The physical structure of the macroalgal substrate at the small scale (cm, microhabitat scale) and the structural complexity of the macroalgal community at the medium scale (few m, mesohabitat scale) could play a relevant role in bloom facilitation: the hypothesis that Ostreopsis species could be associated with macroalgal turfs and shrubs, structurally less complex communities than canopy-forming macroalgae, is especially under discussion and, if confirmed, could link bloom occurrence to regime shifts in temperate ecosystems. The present study, performed in two locations of the Ligurian Sea (Rochambeau, France and Vernazzola, Italy) aimed at understanding marine vegetation's role at the micro and mesohabitat scales in controlling the distribution and abundance of Ostreopsis. The abundance of the microalgal cells was quantified at different spatial scales, from cm to a few m, on different macroalgal species and communities, including artificial substrates, to tease apart the micro and mesohabitat effects. The results obtained show a high spatio-temporal variability, potentially hiding habitat-related patterns. The substrate's preferences diminish when cell abundances are very high, as in the case of Rochambeau, while in presence of moderate cell abundances as in Vernazzola or the first phases of blooms, it is possible to appreciate differences in abundances among substrates (in our study, Dictyota fasciola (Roth) Lamouroux supporting higher abundances). Our results open new research topics such as the study of blooms at a larger scale (macrohabitat) and testing different sampling methods to standardise the cells' abundances independently on the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monserrat
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOSEAS, France; CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, Roma Italy.
| | - V Asnaghi
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, Roma Italy; DiSTAV, Università di Genova, C. so Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - J Verdura
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOSEAS, France; Departament de Biologia Marina, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Meroni
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, Roma Italy; DiSTAV, Università di Genova, C. so Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - R Lemée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, France
| | - A M Rossi
- DiSTAV, Università di Genova, C. so Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - G Romero
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOSEAS, France
| | - F Priouzeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOSEAS, France
| | - M Chiantore
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, Roma Italy; DiSTAV, Università di Genova, C. so Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Anooja VV, Archana K, Athira PP, Anju MV, Neelima S, Muhammed Musthafa S, Dhaneesha M, Sajeevan TP, Singh ISB, Philip R. Antibacterial activity and modes of action of a novel hepcidin isoform from the shrimp scad, Alepes djedaba (Forsskål, 1775). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109406. [PMID: 38278338 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Hepcidin, initially identified in human blood ultrafiltrate as cysteine rich Liver Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide (LEAP-1), is a core molecular conduit between iron trafficking and immune response. Though a great share of studies has been focused on the iron regulatory function of hepcidins, investigations on the antimicrobial aspects are relatively less. The present study is aimed at identification of hepcidin from a teleost fish, Alepes djedaba followed by its recombinant expression, testing antibacterial property, stability and evaluation of cytotoxicity. Modes of action on bacterial pathogens were also examined. A novel hepcidin isoform, Ad-Hep belonging to the HAMP1 (Hepcidin antimicrobial peptide 1) group of hepcidins was identified from the shrimp scad, Alepes djedaba. Ad-Hep with 2.9 kDa size was found to be a cysteine rich, cationic peptide (+4) with antiparallel beta sheet conformation, a furin cleavage site (RXXR) and 'ATCUN' motif. It was heterologously expressed in E. coli Rosettagami B(DE3)PLysS cells and the recombinant peptide, rAd-Hep was found to have significant antibacterial activity, especially against Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli. Membrane depolarization followed by membrane permeabilization and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production were found to be the modes of action of rAd-Hep on bacterial cells. Ad-Hep was found to be non-haemolytic to hRBC and non-cytotoxic in mammalian cell line. Stability of the peptide at varying temperature, pH and metal salts qualify them for applications in vivo. With significant bactericidal activity coupled with direct killing mechanisms, the rAd-Hep can be a promising drug candidate for therapeutic applications in medicine and fish culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Anooja
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - K Archana
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - P P Athira
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - M V Anju
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - S Neelima
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - S Muhammed Musthafa
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - M Dhaneesha
- National Center for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - T P Sajeevan
- National Center for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Center for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India.
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Giuliani ME, Bacchiocchi S, Accoroni S, Siracusa M, Campacci D, Notarstefano V, Mezzelani M, Piersanti A, Totti C, Benedetti M, Regoli F, Gorbi S. Subcellular effects and lipid metabolism alterations in the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata fed on ovatoxins-contaminated mussels. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141413. [PMID: 38336037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The marine microalgae Ostreopsis cf. ovata are a well-known producer of palytoxin (PlTXs) analogues, i.e. ovatoxins (OVTXs) among others, which arouse concern for animal and human health. Both in field and laboratory studies, presence of OVTXs, detected in species directly feeding on O. cf. ovata, was frequently correlated with impairment on organisms' physiology, development and behaviour, while similar knowledge is still lacking for animals feeding on contaminated preys. In this study, transfer and toxicity of OVTXs were evaluated in an exposure experiment, in which gilthead seabream Sparus aurata was fed with bivalve mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, contaminated by a toxic strain of O. cf. ovata. Mussels exposed to O. cf. ovata for 21 days accumulated meanly 188 ± 13 μg/kg OVTXs in the whole tissues. Seabreams fed with OVTX-contaminated mussels started to reject the food after 6 days of contaminated diet. Although no detectable levels of OVTXs were measured in muscle, liver, gills and gastro-intestinal tracts, the OVTX-enriched diet induced alterations of lipid metabolism in seabreams livers, displaying a decreased content of total lipid and fatty acid, together with overexpression of fatty acid biosynthetic genes, downregulation of β-oxidation genes and modulation of several genes related to lipid transport and regulation. Results from this study would suggest the hypothesis that OVTXs produced by O. cf. ovata may not be subject to bioaccumulation in fish fed on contaminated preys, being however responsible of significant biological effects, with important implications for human consumption of seafood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Simone Bacchiocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Melania Siracusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Debora Campacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marica Mezzelani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna Piersanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
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Medina-Pérez NI, Santos FJ, Berdalet E, Moyano E. Multiply charged ion profiles in the UHPLC-HRMS analysis of palytoxin analogues from Ostreopsis cf. ovata blooms. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1355-1364. [PMID: 36847157 PMCID: PMC10633106 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay02019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Analogues of palytoxin (PLTX), one of the most potent marine biotoxins, are produced by some species of the marine dinoflagellates of the genus Ostreopsis. The proliferation of these species in different coastal zones represents a potential threat of seafood poisoning in humans because the produced toxins can be transferred through marine food webs. Thus, the determination of the concentration of PLTX analogues (ovatoxins-OVTXs, ostreocins-OSTs and isobaric PLTX) in different matrices (seawater, marine fauna, etc.) is necessary to protect human health. This study is addressed to overcome some of the challenges that the chemical complexity of these molecules poses to their quantification by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry-based techniques (UHPLC-HRMS). In particular, the mass spectra of the palytoxin analogues show the presence of a large number of ions (including mono- and multiply charged ions) whose nature, relative abundances and behavior can lead to quantitation errors if the correct ions are not selected. In this work, the variability of the PLTX and OVTX profiles under different instrument conditions, including the use of diverse electrospray generation sources and different quantitation methods, is studied. Moreover, the extraction protocol in seawater containing Ostreopsis sp. ovata cells is also evaluated. The use of a heated electrospray operating at 350 °C and a quantitative method including ions from different multiply charged species provides a more robust and reliable method for overcoming the problems due to the variability in the toxin's mass spectrum profile. A single MeOH : H2O (80 : 20, v/v) extraction is proposed as the best and reliable procedure. The overall method proposed was applied to quantify OVTXs (-a to -g) and iso-PLTX along the 2019 Ostreopsis cf. ovata bloom. The cells contained a total toxin concentration of up to 20.39 pg per cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Inmaculada Medina-Pérez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Water Research Institute (IdRA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Berdalet
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Moyano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Water Research Institute (IdRA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Medina-Pérez NI, Cerdán-García E, Rubió F, Viure L, Estrada M, Moyano E, Berdalet E. Progress on the Link between Nutrient Availability and Toxin Production by Ostreopsis cf. ovata: Field and Laboratory Experiments. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030188. [PMID: 36977079 PMCID: PMC10057244 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the understanding of the nutrient modulation of Ostreopsis cf. ovata toxin content. During the 2018 natural bloom in the NW Mediterranean, the total toxin content (up to ca. 57.6 ± 7.0 pg toxin cell−1) varied markedly. The highest values often coincided with elevated O. cf. ovata cell abundance and with low inorganic nutrient concentrations. The first culture experiment with a strain isolated from that bloom showed that cell toxin content was higher in the stationary than in the exponential phase of the cultures; phosphate- and nitrate-deficient cells exhibited similar cell toxin variability patterns. The second experiment with different conditions of nitrogen concentration and source (nitrate, urea, ammonium, and fertilizer) presented the highest cellular toxin content in the high-nitrogen cultures; among these, urea induced a significantly lower cellular toxin content than the other nutrient sources. Under both high- and low-nitrogen concentrations, cell toxin content was also higher in the stationary than in the exponential phase. The toxin profile of the field and cultured cells included ovatoxin (OVTX) analogues -a to -g and isobaric PLTX (isoPLTX). OVTX-a and -b were dominant while OVTX-f, -g, and isoPLTX contributed less than 1-2%. Overall, the data suggest that although nutrients determine the intensity of the O. cf. ovata bloom, the relationship of major nutrient concentrations, sources and stoichiometry with cellular toxin production is not straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Inmaculada Medina-Pérez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Cerdán-García
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Francesc Rubió
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Viure
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Estrada
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Moyano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Water Research Institute (IdRA), University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, E-08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Berdalet
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Pires E, Lana PDC, Mafra LL. Phycotoxins and marine annelids - A global review. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 122:102373. [PMID: 36754459 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Several species of microalgae can produce potent phycotoxins that negatively affect aquatic organisms and their consumers following different exposure routes, as well as toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) processes. Benthic organisms are especially vulnerable as they are exposed to both benthic and planktonic species causative of harmful algal blooms (HABs). While benthic algae can come into direct contact with annelids during substrate remobilization, planktonic cells can settle to the bottom mostly during senescence and/or encystment stages, and in shallow and calm waters. We performed a systematic, qualitative review of the literature on the phycotoxin TK and TD processes in marine annelids, summarizing the most relevant findings and general trends. Besides, by using innovative analytical/statistical approaches, we were able to detect patterns and gaps in the current literature, thus pointing to future research directions. We retrieved and analyzed studies involving diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs), paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), brevetoxins (PbTXs), domoic acid (DA), as well as palytoxin and its congeners, the ovatoxins (treated together as PLTXs). It is worth mentioning that studies evaluating other phycotoxins (e.g., ciguatoxins, yessotoxins) were not found in the literature. The absence of data on PbTXs, PSTs and DA is the largest gap hampering TK assessment in annelids, although some relevant information on TD is already available. Whereas lethal effects from DSTs have not been reported, more potent toxins like PbTXs, PSTs, DA and those grouped as PLTX-like compounds can cause mortality and/or marked decrease in annelid abundance. In addition, phycotoxins have been linked to sublethal effects on annelid cells. Although very sparse, field and laboratory studies offer strong evidence that annelids may be reliable indicators of toxin exposure and their negative effects during both early and later stages of HABs in marine environments. Besides quickly responding to these compounds at both organismic and suborganismic levels, annelids are easily found in areas affected by HABs. The use of annelids in future investigations evaluating the action mechanisms of toxic microalgae on marine invertebrates should be thus encouraged. In this case, the choice for widely dispersed and numerically dominant species of annelids would strengthen the validation and extrapolation of results from risk assessments in areas affected by HABs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Pires
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira Mar s / n, CEP 83255-976, PO Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Paulo da Cunha Lana
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira Mar s / n, CEP 83255-976, PO Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Laureno Mafra
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira Mar s / n, CEP 83255-976, PO Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
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10
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Sathyan N, Muhammed Musthafa S, Anju MV, Archana K, Athira PP, Prathap N, Chaithanya ER, Priyaja P, Bright Singh IS, Philip R. Functional characterization of a histone H2A derived antimicrobial peptide HARRIOTTIN-1 from sicklefin chimaera, Neoharriotta pinnata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:104554. [PMID: 36185036 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are gene encoded short peptides which play an important role in the innate immunity of almost all living organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals. Histones play a very important role in defense as precursors to bioactive peptides. The present study is an attempt to decipher the antimicrobial activity of a histone H2A derived peptide, Harriottin-1 from sicklefin chimaera, Neoharriotta pinnata. Analysis in silico predicted the molecule with potent antibacterial and anticancer property. The Harriottin-1 was recombinantly produced and the recombinant peptide rHar-1 demonstrated potent antibacterial activity at 25 μM besides anticancer activity. The study strongly suggests the importance of histone H2A derived peptides as a model for the design and synthesis of potent peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sathyan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - S Muhammed Musthafa
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - M V Anju
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - K Archana
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - P P Athira
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Namitha Prathap
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - E R Chaithanya
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - P Priyaja
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 16, Kerala, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India.
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11
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Acute Toxicity by Oral Co-Exposure to Palytoxin and Okadaic Acid in Mice. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120735. [PMID: 36547882 PMCID: PMC9781071 DOI: 10.3390/md20120735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of marine dinoflagellates producing palytoxin (PLTX) or okadaic acid (OA) raises concern for the possible co-presence of these toxins in seafood, leading to additive or synergistic adverse effects in consumers. Thus, the acute oral toxicity of PLTX and OA association was evaluated in mice: groups of eight female CD-1 mice were administered by gavage with combined doses of PLTX (30, 90 or 270 μg/kg) and OA (370 μg/kg), or with each individual toxin, recording signs up to 24 h (five mice) and 14 days (three mice). Lethal effects occurred only after PLTX (90 or 270 μg/kg) exposure, alone or combined with OA, also during the 14-day recovery. PLTX induced scratching, piloerection, abdominal swelling, muscle spasms, paralysis and dyspnea, which increased in frequency or duration when co-administered with OA. The latter induced only diarrhea. At 24 h, PLTX (90 or 270 μg/kg) and OA caused wall redness in the small intestine or pale fluid accumulation in its lumen, respectively. These effects co-occurred in mice co-exposed to PLTX (90 or 270 μg/kg) and OA, and were associated with slight ulcers and inflammation at forestomach. PLTX (270 μg/kg alone or 90 μg/kg associated with OA) also decreased the liver/body weight ratio, reducing hepatocyte glycogen (270 μg/kg, alone or combined with OA). No alterations were recorded in surviving mice after 14 days. Overall, the study suggests additive effects of PLTX and OA that should be considered for their risk assessment as seafood contaminants.
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12
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Berdalet E, Pavaux AS, Abós-Herràndiz R, Travers M, Appéré G, Vila M, Thomas J, de Haro L, Estrada M, Medina-Pérez NI, Viure L, Karlson B, Lemée R. Environmental, human health and socioeconomic impacts of Ostreopsis spp. Blooms in the NW Mediterranean. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 119:102320. [PMID: 36344192 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the research conducted by the partners of the EU co-funded CoCliME project to ascertain the ecological, human health and economic impacts of Ostreopsis (mainly O. cf. ovata) blooms in the NW Mediterranean coasts of France, Monaco and Spain. This knowledge is necessary to design strategies to prevent, mitigate and, if necessary, adapt to the impacts of these events in the future and in other regions. Ostreopsis proliferations in the Mediterranean have been related to massive mortalities of benthic organisms and to symptoms of respiratory and cutaneous irritation in humans. A six-year epidemiologic study in a Ostreopsis hot spot in Catalonia and the accumulated experience of the French Mediterranean National Ostreopsis Surveillance Network confirm the main effects of these blooms on human health in the NW Mediterranean. The impacts are associated to direct exposure to seawater with high Ostreopsis cell concentrations and to inhalation of aerosols containing unknown irritative chemicals produced under certain circumstances during the blooms. A series of mild acute symptoms, affecting the entire body as well as the ophthalmic, digestive, respiratory and dermatologic systems have been identified. A main remaining challenge is to ascertain the effects of the chronic exposure to toxic Ostreopsis blooms. Still, the mechanisms involved in the deletereous effects of Ostreopsis blooms are poorly understood. Characterizing the chemical nature of the harmful compounds synthesized by Ostreopsis as well as the role of the mucus by which cells attach to benthic surfaces, requires new technical approaches (e.g., metabolomics) and realistic and standardized ecotoxicology tests. It is also necessary to investigate how palytoxin analogues produced by O. cf. ovata could be transferred through the marine food webs, and to evaluate the real risk of seafood poisonings in the area. On the other hand, the implementation of beach monitoring and surveillance systems in the summer constitutes an effective strategy to prevent the impacts of Ostreopsis on human health. In spite of the confirmed noxious effects, a survey of tourists and residents in Nice and Monaco to ascertain the socioeconomic costs of Ostreopsis blooms indicated that the occurrence of these events and their impacts are poorly known by the general public. In relationship with a plausible near future increase of Ostreopsis blooms in the NW Mediterranean coast, this survey showed that a substantial part of the population might continue to go to the beaches during Ostreopsis proliferations and thus could be exposed to health risks. In contrast, some people would not visit the affected areas, with the potential subsequent negative impacts on coastal recreational and touristic activities. However, at this stage, it is too early to accurately assess all the economic impacts that a potentially increasing frequency and biogeographic expansion of the events might cause in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Berdalet
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain.
| | - Anne-Sophie Pavaux
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université - CNRS, UMR 7093, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer 06230, France
| | - Rafael Abós-Herràndiz
- Departament de la Salut, Institut Català de la Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Muriel Travers
- LEMNA, Institute of Economics and Management of Nantes, Nantes University, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, BP 52231, Cedex 3, Nantes 44322, France
| | - Gildas Appéré
- GRANEM, Faculty of Law, Economics and Management, University of Angers, 13 allée François Mitterrand, BP 13633, CEDEX 01, Angers 49036, France
| | - Magda Vila
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Jérémy Thomas
- LEMNA, Institute of Economics and Management of Nantes, Nantes University, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, BP 52231, Cedex 3, Nantes 44322, France
| | - Luc de Haro
- Clinical Pharmacology and Poison Control Centre, APHM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Marta Estrada
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Noemí Inmaculada Medina-Pérez
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Laia Viure
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and Development, Oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Rodolphe Lemée
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université - CNRS, UMR 7093, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer 06230, France
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Kim YS, An HJ, Kim J, Jeon YJ. Current Situation of Palytoxins and Cyclic Imines in Asia-Pacific Countries: Causative Phytoplankton Species and Seafood Poisoning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084921. [PMID: 35457784 PMCID: PMC9026528 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among marine biotoxins, palytoxins (PlTXs) and cyclic imines (CIs), including spirolides, pinnatoxins, pteriatoxins, and gymnodimines, are not managed in many countries, such as the USA, European nations, and South Korea, because there are not enough poisoning cases or data for the limits on these biotoxins. In this article, we review unregulated marine biotoxins (e.g., PlTXs and CIs), their toxicity, causative phytoplankton species, and toxin extraction and detection protocols. Due to global warming, the habitat of the causative phytoplankton has expanded to the Asia-Pacific region. When ingested by humans, shellfish that accumulated toxins can cause various symptoms (muscle pain or diarrhea) and even death. There are no systematic reports on the occurrence of these toxins; however, it is important to continuously monitor causative phytoplankton and poisoning of accumulating shellfish by PlTXs and CI toxins because of the high risk of toxicity in human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sang Kim
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource Technology, Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea;
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63333, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo An
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jaeseong Kim
- Water and Eco-Bio Corporation, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Korea;
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource Technology, Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea;
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63333, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3475
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14
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Boisnoir A, Bilien G, Lemée R, Chomérat N. First insights on the diversity of the genus Ostreopsis (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales) in guadeloupe island, with emphasis on the phylogenetic position of O. heptagona. Eur J Protistol 2022; 83:125875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Miranda MCR, Sato NC, Brasil GSP, Piazza RD, Jafelicci M, de Barros NR, Borges FA, Batagin-Neto A, de Melo Silva W, Herculano RD, Guerra NB. Silver nanoparticles effect on drug release of metronidazole in natural rubber latex dressing. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Toward Isolation of Palytoxins: Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Low- or High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Study on the Impact of Drying Techniques, Solvents and Materials. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090650. [PMID: 34564654 PMCID: PMC8471787 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Palytoxin (PLTX) and its congeners are emerging toxins held responsible for a number of human poisonings following the inhalation of toxic aerosols, skin contact, or the ingestion of contaminated seafood. Despite the strong structural analogies, the relative toxic potencies of PLTX congeners are quite different, making it necessary to isolate them individually in sufficient amounts for toxicological and analytical purposes. Previous studies showed poor PLTX recoveries with a dramatic decrease in PLTX yield throughout each purification step. In view of a large-scale preparative work aimed at the preparation of PLTX reference material, we have investigated evaporation as a critical—although unavoidable—step that heavily affects overall recoveries. The experiments were carried out in two laboratories using different liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) instruments, with either unit or high resolution. Palytoxin behaved differently when concentrated to a minimum volume rather than when evaporated to complete dryness. The recoveries strongly depended on the solubility as well as on the material of the used container. The LC-MS analyses of PLTX dissolved in aqueous organic blends proved to give a peak intensity higher then when dissolved in pure water. After drying, the PLTX adsorption appeared stronger on glass surfaces than on plastic materials. However, both the solvents used to dilute PLTX and that used for re-dissolution had an important role. A quantitative recovery (97%) was achieved when completely drying 80% aqueous EtOH solutions of PLTX under N2-stream in Teflon. The stability of PLTX in acids was also investigated. Although PLTX was quite stable in 0.2% acetic acid solutions, upon exposure to stronger acids (pH < 2.66), degradation products were observed, among which a PLTX methyl-ester was identified.
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Holmes MJ, Venables B, Lewis RJ. Critical Review and Conceptual and Quantitative Models for the Transfer and Depuration of Ciguatoxins in Fishes. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080515. [PMID: 34437386 PMCID: PMC8402393 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We review and develop conceptual models for the bio-transfer of ciguatoxins in food chains for Platypus Bay and the Great Barrier Reef on the east coast of Australia. Platypus Bay is unique in repeatedly producing ciguateric fishes in Australia, with ciguatoxins produced by benthic dinoflagellates (Gambierdiscus spp.) growing epiphytically on free-living, benthic macroalgae. The Gambierdiscus are consumed by invertebrates living within the macroalgae, which are preyed upon by small carnivorous fishes, which are then preyed upon by Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson). We hypothesise that Gambierdiscus and/or Fukuyoa species growing on turf algae are the main source of ciguatoxins entering marine food chains to cause ciguatera on the Great Barrier Reef. The abundance of surgeonfish that feed on turf algae may act as a feedback mechanism controlling the flow of ciguatoxins through this marine food chain. If this hypothesis is broadly applicable, then a reduction in herbivory from overharvesting of herbivores could lead to increases in ciguatera by concentrating ciguatoxins through the remaining, smaller population of herbivores. Modelling the dilution of ciguatoxins by somatic growth in Spanish mackerel and coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) revealed that growth could not significantly reduce the toxicity of fish flesh, except in young fast-growing fishes or legal-sized fishes contaminated with low levels of ciguatoxins. If Spanish mackerel along the east coast of Australia can depurate ciguatoxins, it is most likely with a half-life of ≤1-year. Our review and conceptual models can aid management and research of ciguatera in Australia, and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Holmes
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane 4102, Australia;
| | | | - Richard J. Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Nishimura T, Kuribara Y, Fukuzawa R, Mimura K, Funaki H, Tanaka K, Watanabe R, Uchida H, Suzuki T, Adachi M. First report of Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) associated with marine macroalgae off Japan: Diversity, distribution, and toxicity. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 104:101924. [PMID: 34023072 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgal samples were collected from coastal waters in subboreal to subtropical zones in Japan (< 3-30 m depths) and 32 clonal strains of non-motile dinoflagellate-like protists were established. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the LSU rDNA D1/D2, SSU rDNA, ITS region, and concatenated SSU rDNA + LSU rDNA D1/D2 sequences revealed that the strains nested within the genus Alexandrium. They were separated into three novel phylotypes: Alexandrium spp. type 1, type 2, and type 3. Analysis of the concatenated sequences revealed that the most closely related species for the three phylotypes was A. ostenfeldii. Most cells from strains of the three phylotypes were non-motile and hemispherical to spherical in shape. The average diameters of the non-motile cells were between 35 and 39 µm. Type 1 and type 2 were widely distributed in Japan from the temperate to subtropical zones, whereas type 3 was restricted to the temperate zone. Furthermore, type 2 was widespread from shallow to deep waters, whereas type 1 and type 3 were restricted to deep waters. Growth experiments in strains belonging to the three phylotypes revealed that the occurrence ratios of motile cells were very low (≤ 1.1% of the total cells). The production of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, tetrodotoxin, and cyclic imines was assessed in strains belonging to the three phylotypes by LC/MS/MS analysis. The strains did not produce any of the toxins tested. The strains of the three phylotypes showed lethal toxicity to mice by intraperitoneal administration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the existence of Alexandrium associated with marine macroalgae from Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nishimura
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kuribara
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Ryo Fukuzawa
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Mimura
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Funaki
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Kouki Tanaka
- Usa Marine Biological Institute, Kochi University, 194 Inoshiri, Usa, Tosa, Kochi, 781-1164, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Watanabe
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Hajime Uchida
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Suzuki
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Masao Adachi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
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19
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Moreira-González AR, Comas-González A, Valle-Pombrol A, Seisdedo-Losa M, Hernández-Leyva O, Fernandes LF, Chomérat N, Bilien G, Hervé F, Rovillon GA, Hess P, Alonso-Hernández CM, Mafra LL. Summer bloom of Vulcanodinium rugosum in Cienfuegos Bay (Cuba) associated to dermatitis in swimmers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143782. [PMID: 33229082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The marine dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum produces powerful paralyzing and cytotoxic compounds named pinnatoxins (PnTX) and portimines. Even though, no related human intoxication episodes following direct exposure in seawater or the ingestion of contaminated seafood have been documented so far. This study aimed at investigating a dinoflagellate bloom linked to acute dermatitis cases in two recreational beaches in Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba. We used epidemiological and clinical data from 60 dermatitis cases consisting of individuals in close contact with the bloom. Seawater physical-chemical properties were described, and the microorganism causing the bloom was identified by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological identification was confirmed genetically by sequencing the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2, and the 5.8S rDNA region. Toxic compounds were identified from a bloom extract using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and their concentrations were estimated based on low-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sixty people who had prolonged contact with the dinoflagellate bloom suffered acute dermal irritation. Most patients (79.2%) were children and had to be treated with antibiotics; some required >5-day hospitalization. Combined morphological and genetic characters indicated V. rugosum as the causative agent of the bloom. rDNA sequences of the V. rugosum genotype found in the bloom aligned with others from Asia, including material found in the ballast tank of a ship in Florida. The predominant toxins in the bloom were portimine, PnTX-F and PnTX-E, similar to strains originating from the Pacific Ocean. This bloom was associated with unusual weather conditions such as frequent and prolonged droughts. Our findings indicate a close link between the V. rugosum bloom and a dermatitis outbreak among swimmers in Cienfuegos Bay. Phylogenetic evidence suggests a recent introduction of V. rugosum from the Pacific Ocean into Caribbean waters, possibly via ballast water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel R Moreira-González
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), AP. 5, Ciudad Nuclear, CP 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 61, Av. Beira Mar, s/n, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná 83255-976, Brazil.
| | - Augusto Comas-González
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), AP. 5, Ciudad Nuclear, CP 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba.
| | - Aimee Valle-Pombrol
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), AP. 5, Ciudad Nuclear, CP 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba.
| | - Mabel Seisdedo-Losa
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), AP. 5, Ciudad Nuclear, CP 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba.
| | - Olidia Hernández-Leyva
- Centro Provincial de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología de Cienfuegos, 13 Calzada de Máximo Gómez, Cienfuegos 55100, Cuba.
| | - Luciano F Fernandes
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, R. Elétrica, 540, Curitiba, Paraná 82590-300, Brazil.
| | - Nicolas Chomérat
- IFREMER, Laboratory of Environment and Resources Western Brittany, Coastal Research Unit, Quai de la Croix, 29900 Concarneau Cedex, France.
| | - Gwenaël Bilien
- IFREMER, Laboratory of Environment and Resources Western Brittany, Coastal Research Unit, Quai de la Croix, 29900 Concarneau Cedex, France.
| | - Fabienne Hervé
- IFREMER, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Rue de l'Île d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | | | - Philipp Hess
- IFREMER, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Rue de l'Île d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | - Carlos M Alonso-Hernández
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), AP. 5, Ciudad Nuclear, CP 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba.
| | - Luiz L Mafra
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 61, Av. Beira Mar, s/n, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná 83255-976, Brazil.
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Molecular and Functional Characterization of an Anti-lipopolysaccharide Factor Mm-ALF from Speckled Shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1183-1194. [PMID: 33569748 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are antimicrobial peptides of approximately 100 amino acid residues with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. It is an amphipathic peptide with an N-terminal hydrophobic region and a lipopolysaccharide binding domain (LBD). In the present study, we report an isoform of the anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (Mm-ALF) from the speckled shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros. A 359 bp cDNA encoded 119 amino acids, and the sequence showed 99.16% similarity to ALF from the shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. The mature peptide of 94 amino acids has a net charge of +8, molecular weight 10.62 kDa, and pI 10.11. The mature peptide Mm-ALF was recombinantly expressed in E. coli Rosetta-gami cells, and the peptide was isolated and purified. The rMm-ALF exhibited notable antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Edwardsiella tarda, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio proteolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio fluvialis) bacteria.
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21
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Magalhães ACM, de Santana CJC, Melani RD, Domont GB, Castro MS, Fontes W, Roepstorff P, Júnior ORP. Exploring the biological activities and proteome of Brazilian scorpion Rhopalurus agamemnon venom. J Proteomics 2021; 237:104119. [PMID: 33540062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion venoms are formed by toxins harmful to various organisms, including humans. Several techniques have been developed to understand the role of proteins in animal venoms, including proteomics approach. Rhopalurus agamemnon (Koch, 1839) is the largest scorpion in the Buthidae family in the Brazilian Cerrado, measuring up to 110 mm in total length. The accident with R. agamemnon is painful and causes some systemic reactions, but the specie's venom remains uninvestigated. We explore the venom protein composition using a proteomic and a biological-directed approach identifying 230 protein compounds including enzymes like Hyaluronidase, metalloproteinase, L-amino acid oxidase and amylase, the last two are first reported for scorpion venoms. Some of those new reports are important to demonstrate how distant we are from a total comprehension of the diversity about venoms in general, due to their diversity in composition and function. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we explored the composition of venom proteins from the scorpion Rhopalurus agamemnon. We identified 230 proteins from the venom including new enzyme reports. These data highlight the unique diversity of the venom proteins from the scorpion R. agamemnon, provide insights into new mechanisms of envenomation and enlarge the protein database of scorpion venoms. The discovery of new proteins provides a new scenario for the development of new drugs and suggests molecular targets to venom components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Martins Magalhães
- Toxinology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos José Correia de Santana
- Toxinology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology/IB, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael D Melani
- Proteomic Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Proteomic Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Toxinology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology/IB, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology/IB, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Peter Roepstorff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M 5230, Denmark
| | - Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Júnior
- Toxinology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil
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Anti-lipopolysaccharide Factor from Crucifix Crab Charybdis feriatus, Cf-ALF2: Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of the Recombinant Peptide. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:885-898. [PMID: 33179211 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antilipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are important effectors of innate immunity in crustaceans with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Present study deals with the molecular and functional characterization of a 98-amino acid ALF isoform from, crucifix crab, Charybdis feriatus termed as Cf-ALF2. The ALF isoform Cf-ALF2 exhibits characteristic features of an AMP including a cationic net charge of + 9 and a total hydrophobic ratio of 34%. Recombinant peptide rCf-ALF2 showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria especially against Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 5 µM) and Escherichia coli (MIC 10 µM and MBC 20 µM). Using scanning electron microscopy, bacterial membrane blebbing, disruption, and cell content leakage were observed in peptide treated E. coli. The recombinant peptide was found to be non-hemolytic and non-cytotoxic in NCI-H460 cell line at the highest tested concentration (20 µM). Thus, this study identified a novel isoform of ALF from C. feriatus and revealed the potent antimicrobial property of the recombinant peptide Cf-ALF2 and the future prospects of using the peptide for therapeutic applications in the future.
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Chomérat N, Bilien G, Viallon J, Hervé F, Réveillon D, Henry K, Zubia M, Vieira C, Ung A, Gatti CMI, Roué M, Derrien A, Amzil Z, Darius HT, Chinain M. Taxonomy and toxicity of a bloom-forming Ostreopsis species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales) in Tahiti island (South Pacific Ocean): one step further towards resolving the identity of O. siamensis. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 98:101888. [PMID: 33129466 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among dinoflagellates responsible for benthic harmful algal blooms, the genus Ostreopsis primarily described from tropical areas has been increasingly reported from subtropical and temperate areas worldwide. Several species of this toxigenic genus produce analogs of palytoxin, thus representing a major threat to human and environmental health. The taxonomy of several species needs to be clarified as it was based mostly on morphological descriptions leading in some cases to ambiguous interpretations and misidentifications. The present study aims at reporting a benthic bloom that occurred in April 2019 in Tahiti island, French Polynesia. A complete taxonomic investigation of the blooming Ostreopsis species was realized using light, epifluorescence and field emission electron microscopy and phylogenetic analyses inferred from LSU rDNA and ITS-5.8S rDNA regions. Toxicity of a natural sample and strains isolated from the bloom was assessed using both neuroblastoma cell-based assay and LC-MS/MS analyses. Morphological observations showed that cells were round to oval, large, 58.0-82.5 µm deep (dorso-ventral length) and 45.7-61.2 µm wide. The cingulum was conspicuously undulated, forming a 'V' in ventral view. Thecal plates possessed large pores in depressions, with a collar rim. Detailed observation also revealed the presence of small thecal pores invisible in LM. Phylogenetic analyses were congruent and all sequences clustered within the genotype Ostreopsis sp. 6, in a subclade closely related to sequences from the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia. No toxicity was found on the field sample but all the strains isolated from the bloom were found to be cytotoxic and produced ostreocin D, a lower amount of ostreocins A and B and putatively other compounds. Phylogenetic data demonstrate the presence of this species in the Gulf of Thailand, at the type locality of O. siamensis, and morphological data are congruent with the original description and support this identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chomérat
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station of Marine Biology of Concarneau, Place de la Croix, F-29900 Concarneau, France.
| | - Gwenael Bilien
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station of Marine Biology of Concarneau, Place de la Croix, F-29900 Concarneau, France
| | - Jérôme Viallon
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, UMR 241-EIO, PO box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Fabienne Hervé
- Ifremer, Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Damien Réveillon
- Ifremer, Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Kévin Henry
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, UMR 241-EIO, PO box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Mayalen Zubia
- Université de Polynésie Française, UMR 241-EIO, PO Box 6570, 98702 Faa'a, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Christophe Vieira
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - André Ung
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, UMR 241-EIO, PO box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, UMR 241-EIO, PO box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Mélanie Roué
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 241-EIO, PO box 529, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Amélie Derrien
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station of Marine Biology of Concarneau, Place de la Croix, F-29900 Concarneau, France
| | - Zouher Amzil
- Ifremer, Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Hélène Taiana Darius
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, UMR 241-EIO, PO box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Mireille Chinain
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, UMR 241-EIO, PO box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
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Pelin M, Stocco G, Florio C, Sosa S, Tubaro A. In Vitro Cell Sensitivity to Palytoxin Correlates with High Gene Expression of the Na +/K +-ATPase β2 Subunit Isoform. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165833. [PMID: 32823835 PMCID: PMC7461505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine polyether palytoxin (PLTX) is one of the most toxic natural compounds, and is involved in human poisonings after oral, inhalation, skin and/or ocular exposure. Epidemiological and molecular evidence suggest different inter-individual sensitivities to its toxic effects, possibly related to genetic-dependent differences in the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase, its molecular target. To identify Na+/K+-ATPase subunits, isoforms correlated with in vitro PLTX cytotoxic potency, sensitivity parameters (EC50: PLTX concentration reducing cell viability by 50%; Emax: maximum effect induced by the highest toxin concentration; 10-7 M) were assessed in 60 healthy donors' monocytes by the MTT (methylthiazolyl tetrazolium) assay. Sensitivity parameters, not correlated with donors' demographic variables (gender, age and blood group), demonstrated a high inter-individual variability (median EC50 = 2.7 × 10-10 M, interquartile range: 0.4-13.2 × 10-10 M; median Emax = 92.0%, interquartile range: 87.5-94.4%). Spearman's analysis showed significant positive correlations between the β2-encoding ATP1B2 gene expression and Emax values (rho = 0.30; p = 0.025) and between Emax and the ATP1B2/ATP1B3 expression ratio (rho = 0.38; p = 0.004), as well as a significant negative correlation between Emax and the ATP1B1/ATP1B2 expression ratio (rho = -0.30; p = 0.026). This toxicogenetic study represents the first approach to define genetic risk factors that may influence the onset of adverse effects in human PLTX poisonings, suggesting that individuals with high gene expression pattern of the Na+/K+-ATPase β2 subunit (alone or as β2/β1 and/or β2/β3 ratio) could be highly sensitive to PLTX toxic effects.
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Boente-Juncal A, Raposo-García S, Vale C, Louzao MC, Otero P, Botana LM. In Vivo Evaluation of the Chronic Oral Toxicity of the Marine Toxin Palytoxin. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080489. [PMID: 32751719 PMCID: PMC7472043 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Palytoxin (PLTX) is one of the most poisonous substances known to date and considered as an emergent toxin in Europe. Palytoxin binds to the Na+-K+ ATPase, converting the enzyme in a permeant cation channel. This toxin is known for causing human fatal intoxications associated with the consumption of contaminated fish and crustaceans such as crabs, groupers, mackerel, and parrotfish. Human intoxications by PLTX after consumption of contaminated fishery products are a serious health issue and can be fatal. Different reports have previously explored the acute oral toxicity of PLTX in mice. Although the presence of palytoxin in marine products is currently not regulated in Europe, the European Food Safety Authority expressed its opinion on PLTX and demanded assessment for chronic toxicity studies of this potent marine toxin. In this study, the chronic toxicity of palytoxin was evaluated after oral administration to mice by gavage during a 28-day period. After chronic exposure of mice to the toxin, a lethal dose 50 (LD50) of 0.44 µg/kg of PLTX and a No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) of 0.03 µg/kg for repeated daily oral administration of PLTX were determined. These results indicate a much higher chronic toxicity of PLTX and a lower NOAEL than that previously described in shorter treatment periods, pointing out the need to further reevaluate the levels of this compound in marine products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen Vale
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (L.M.B.); Tel./Fax: +34-982822233 (L.M.B.)
| | | | | | - Luis M. Botana
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (L.M.B.); Tel./Fax: +34-982822233 (L.M.B.)
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26
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Effects of substratum and depth on benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11251. [PMID: 32647125 PMCID: PMC7347539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microhabitats influence the distribution and abundance of benthic harmful dinoflagellate (BHAB) species. Currently, much of the information on the relationships between BHABs and microhabitat preferences is based on non-quantitative anecdotal observations, many of which are contradictory. The goal of this study was to better quantify BHAB and microhabitat relationships using a statistically rigorous approach. Between April 2016 to May 2017, a total of 243 artificial substrate samplers were deployed at five locations in the Perhentian Islands, Malaysia while simultaneous photo-quadrat surveys were performed to characterize the benthic substrates present at each sampling site. The screen samplers were retrieved 24 h later and the abundances of five BHAB genera, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, Coolia, Amphidinium, and Prorocentrum were determined. Substrate data were then analyzed using a Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matrix to statistically identify distinct microhabitat types. Although BHABs were associated with a variety of biotic and abiotic substrates, the results of this study demonstrated differing degrees of microhabitat preference. Analysis of the survey results using canonical correspondence analysis explained 70.5% (horizontal first axis) and 21.6% (vertical second axis) of the constrained variation in the distribution of various genera among microhabitat types. Prorocentrum and Coolia appear to have the greatest range being broadly distributed among a wide variety of microhabitats. Amphidinium was always found in low abundances and was widely distributed among microhabitats dominated by hard coral, turf algae, sand and silt, and fleshy algae and reached the highest abundances there. Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis had more restricted distributions. Gambierdiscus were found preferentially associated with turf algae, hard coral and, to a lesser extent, fleshy macroalgae microhabitats. Ostreopsis, almost always more abundant than Gambierdiscus, preferred the same microhabitats as Gambierdiscus and were found in microbial mats as well. With similar habitat preferences Ostreopsis may serve as an indicator organism for the presence of Gambierdiscus. This study provides insight into how BHAB-specific microhabitat preferences can affect toxicity risks.
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Bates N, Morrison C, Flaig L, Turner AD. Paralytic shellfish poisoning and palytoxin poisoning in dogs. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e46. [PMID: 32303665 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatal cases of exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins and palytoxins have occurred in companion animals but are poorly described. METHODS We describe one case of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and three cases of palytoxin poisoning in dogs. RESULTS Mild PSP occurred following ingestion of crab while walking on a beach. Analysis confirmed the presence of paralytic shellfish toxins, particularly decarbamoyl saxitoxin, in clinical samples and marine organisms. This case occurred shortly after an outbreak of PSP in dogs on the eastern coast of England. Palytoxin poisoning occurred in a dog after it chewed coral removed from an aquarium. Signs included collapse, hypothermia, bloody diarrhoea and respiratory distress. The dog was euthanised due to rapid deterioration and poor prognosis. Palytoxin was not detected in a premortem blood sample. Two other dogs in a separate incident developed only mild signs (fever and respiratory distress) after suspected exposure to aerosolised palytoxin and recovered within a few hours. CONCLUSION Cases of PSP are episodic and not common in dogs. Cases of palytoxin exposure are reportedly increasing in humans, and there is presumably also an increased risk to pets. There is no specific treatment for PSP or palytoxin poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bates
- Veterinary Poisons Information Service, London, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew D Turner
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
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Accoroni S, Totti C, Romagnoli T, Giulietti S, Glibert PM. Distribution and potential toxicity of benthic harmful dinoflagellates in waters of Florida Bay and the Florida Keys. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 155:104891. [PMID: 32072980 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have been carried out on benthic dinoflagellates along the Florida Keys, and little is known about their distribution or toxicity in Florida Bay. Here, the distribution and abundance of benthic dinoflagellates was explored in northern and eastern Florida Bay and along the bay and ocean sides of the Florida Keys. Isolates were brought into culture and their toxicity was tested with oyster larvae bioassays. Seven genera were detected, including Prorocentrum, Coolia, Ostreopsis, Amphidinium, Gambierdiscus, Fukuyoa (all included potentially toxic species) and Sinophysis. In general, distribution increased with water temperature and nutrient availability, especially that of phosphate. This study documented the first record of Coolia santacroce in the Florida Keys. Potential toxic effects of Gambierdiscus caribaeus, the abundance of which exceeded 1000 cells g-1 fw at some sites, were established using oyster larvae as a bioassay organism. These findings suggest a potential risk of ciguatera fish poisoning in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Giulietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patricia M Glibert
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA
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Reevaluation of the acute toxicity of palytoxin in mice: Determination of lethal dose 50 (LD 50) and No-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL). Toxicon 2020; 177:16-24. [PMID: 32056831 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Palytoxin is an emergent toxin in Europe and one of the most toxic substances know to date. The toxin disrupts the physiological functioning of the Na+/K+-ATPase converting the enzyme in a permeant cation channel. Human intoxications by PLTX after consumption of contaminated fishery products are a serious health issue and can be fatal. Several reports have previously investigated the oral and intraperitoneal toxicity of PLTX in mice. However, in all cases short observation periods (24 and 48 h) after toxin administration were evaluated. In this work, single oral or intraperitoneal doses of PLTX were administered to healthy mice and surviving animals were followed up for 96 h. The data obtained here allowed us to calculate the oral and intraperitoneal lethal doses 50 (LD50) which were in the range of the values previously described. Surprisingly, the oral NOAEL for PLTX was more than 10 times lower than that previously described, a fact that indicates the need for the reevaluation of the levels of the toxin in edible fishery products.
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30
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Ostreopsis cf. ovata (Dinophyceae) Molecular Phylogeny, Morphology, and Detection of Ovatoxins in Strains and Field Samples from Brazil. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020070. [PMID: 31979144 PMCID: PMC7076807 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent blooms of Ostreopsis cf. ovata have been reported in Brazil and the Mediterranean Sea with associated ecological, and in the latter case, health impacts. Molecular data based on the D1–D3 and D8–D10 regions of the LSU rDNA and ITS loci, and the morphology of O. cf. ovata isolates and field populations from locations along the Brazilian tropical and subtropical coastal regions and three oceanic islands are presented. Additional ITS sequences from three single cells from the tropical coast are provided. Toxin profiles and quantities of PLTX and their analogues; OVTXs; contained in cells from two clonal cultures and two field blooms from Rio de Janeiro were investigated. Morphology was examined using both light and epifluorescence microscopy. Morphometric analysis of different strains and field populations from diverse locations were compared. Molecular analysis showed that six of the seven sequences grouped at the large “Atlantic/Mediterranean/Pacific” sub-clade, while one sequence branched in a sister clade with sequences from Madeira Island and Greece. The toxin profile of strains and bloom field samples from Rio de Janeiro were dominated by OVTX-a and -b, with total cell quotas (31.3 and 39.3 pg cell−1) in the range of that previously reported for strains of O. cf. ovata.
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Sruthy KS, Nair A, Antony SP, Puthumana J, Singh ISB, Philip R. A histone H2A derived antimicrobial peptide, Fi-Histin from the Indian White shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus: Molecular and functional characterization. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:667-679. [PMID: 31252047 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from histone proteins form an important category of peptide antibiotics. Present study deals with the molecular and functional characterization of a 27-amino acid histone H2A derived AMP from the Indian White shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus designated as Fi-Histin. This peptide displayed distinctive features of AMPs such as amphiphilic alpha helical structure and a net charge of +6. The synthetic peptide exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria especially against V. vulnificus, P. aeruginosa, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholera and S. aureus. Disruption of cell membrane and cell content leakage were observed in peptide treated V. vulnificus using scanning electron microscopy. The synthetic peptide Fi-His1-21 exhibited DNA binding activity and found to be non-haemolytic at the tested concentrations. Peptide was also found to possess anticancer activity against NCI-H460 and HEp-2 cell lines with an IC50 of 22.670 ± 13.939 μM and 31.274 ± 24.531 μM respectively. This is the first report of a histone H2A derived peptide from F. indicus with a specific antimicrobial activity and anticancer activity, which could be a new candidate for future applications in aquaculture and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Sruthy
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Aishwarya Nair
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Swapna P Antony
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Jayesh Puthumana
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India.
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Massive Occurrence of the Harmful Benthic Dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the Eastern Adriatic Sea. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050300. [PMID: 31130661 PMCID: PMC6563282 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In September 2015, a massive occurrence of the Ostreopsis species was recorded in central Adriatic Kaštela Bay. In order to taxonomically identify the Ostreopsis species responsible for this event and determine their toxin profile, cells collected in seawater and from benthic macroalgae were analyzed. Conservative taxonomic methods (light microscopy and SEM) and molecular methods (PCR-based assay) allowed the identification of the species Ostreopsis cf. ovata associated with Coolia monotis. The abundance of O. cf. ovata reached 2.9 × 104 cells L−1 in seawater, while on macroalgae, it was estimated to be up to 2.67 × 106 cells g−1 of macroalgae fresh weight and 14.4 × 106 cells g−1 of macroalgae dry weight. An indirect sandwich immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) were used to determine the toxin profile. The ELISA assay revealed the presence of 5.6 pg palytoxin (PLTX) equivalents per O. cf. ovata cell. LC-HRMS was used for further characterization of the toxin profile, which showed that there were 6.3 pg of the sum of ovatoxins (OVTXs) and isobaric PLTX per O. cf. ovata cell, with a prevalence of OVTXs (6.2 pg cell−1), while the isobaric PLTX concentration was very low (0.1 pg cell−1). Among OVTXs, the highest concentration was recorded for OVTX-a (3.6 pg cell−1), followed by OVTX-b (1.3 pg cell−1), OVTX-d (1.1 pg cell−1), and OVTX-c (0.2 pg cell−1).
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Tamele IJ, Silva M, Vasconcelos V. The Incidence of Marine Toxins and the Associated Seafood Poisoning Episodes in the African Countries of the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E58. [PMID: 30669603 PMCID: PMC6357038 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and bacteria can be one of the great threats to public health due to their ability to produce marine toxins (MTs). The most reported MTs include paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), amnesic shellfish toxins (ASTs), diarrheic shellfish toxins (DSTs), cyclic imines (CIs), ciguatoxins (CTXs), azaspiracids (AZTs), palytoxin (PlTXs), tetrodotoxins (TTXs) and their analogs, some of them leading to fatal outcomes. MTs have been reported in several marine organisms causing human poisoning incidents since these organisms constitute the food basis of coastal human populations. In African countries of the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, to date, only South Africa has a specific monitoring program for MTs and some other countries count only with respect to centers of seafood poisoning control. Therefore, the aim of this review is to evaluate the occurrence of MTs and associated poisoning episodes as a contribution to public health and monitoring programs as an MT risk assessment tool for this geographic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro José Tamele
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-238 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Institute of Biomedical Science Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Av. Julius Nyerere, n 3453, Campus Principal, Maputo 257, Mozambique.
| | - Marisa Silva
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-238 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4619-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-238 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4619-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Barros NR, Santos RS, Miranda MCR, Bolognesi LFC, Borges FA, Schiavon JV, Marques RFC, Herculano RD, Norberto AMQ. Natural latex‐glycerol dressing to reduce nipple pain and healing the skin in breastfeeding women. Skin Res Technol 2019; 25:461-468. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natan Roberto Barros
- Institute of ChemistrySão Paulo State University (Unesp) Araraquara Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSão Paulo State University (Unesp) Araraquara Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Carlos Romeiro Miranda
- Institute of ChemistrySão Paulo State University (Unesp) Araraquara Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSão Paulo State University (Unesp) Araraquara Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Azevedo Borges
- Institute of ChemistrySão Paulo State University (Unesp) Araraquara Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSão Paulo State University (Unesp) Araraquara Brazil
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Tamele IJ, Silva M, Vasconcelos V. The Incidence of Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E28. [PMID: 30621279 PMCID: PMC6357042 DOI: 10.3390/md17010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent marine neurotoxin with bacterial origin. To date, around 28 analogs of TTX are known, but only 12 were detected in marine organisms, namely TTX, 11-oxoTTX, 11-deoxyTTX, 11-norTTX-6(R)-ol, 11-norTTX-6(S)-ol, 4-epiTTX, 4,9-anhydroTTX, 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, 4-CysTTX, 5-deoxyTTX, 5,11-dideoxyTTX, and 6,11-dideoxyTTX. TTX and its derivatives are involved in many cases of seafood poisoning in many parts of the world due to their occurrence in different marine species of human consumption such as fish, gastropods, and bivalves. Currently, this neurotoxin group is not monitored in many parts of the world including in the Indian Ocean area, even with reported outbreaks of seafood poisoning involving puffer fish, which is one of the principal TTX vectors know since Egyptian times. Thus, the main objective of this review was to assess the incidence of TTXs in seafood and associated seafood poisonings in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Most reported data in this geographical area are associated with seafood poisoning caused by different species of puffer fish through the recognition of TTX poisoning symptoms and not by TTX detection techniques. This scenario shows the need of data regarding TTX prevalence, geographical distribution, and its vectors in this area to better assess human health risk and build effective monitoring programs to protect the health of consumers in Indian Ocean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro José Tamele
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-238 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Institute of Biomedical Science Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Av. Julius Nyerere, nr 3453, Campus Principal, 257 Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Marisa Silva
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-238 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4619-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-238 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4619-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Ciguatera in Mexico (1984⁻2013). Mar Drugs 2018; 17:md17010013. [PMID: 30597874 PMCID: PMC6356608 DOI: 10.3390/md17010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Historical records of ciguatera in Mexico date back to 1862. This review, including references and epidemiological reports, documents 464 cases during 25 events from 1984 to 2013: 240 (51.72%) in Baja California Sur, 163 (35.12%) in Quintana Roo, 45 (9.69%) in Yucatan, and 16 (3.44%) cases of Mexican tourists intoxicated in Cuba. Carnivorous fish, such as snapper (Lutjanus) and grouper (Epinephelus and Mycteroperca) in the Pacific Ocean, and great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) and snapper (Lutjanus) in the Atlantic (Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea), were involved in all cases. In the Mexican Caribbean, a sub-record of ciguatera cases that occurred before 1984 exists. However, the number of intoxications has increased in recent years, and this food poisoning is poorly studied in the region. Current records suggest that ciguatera fish poisoning in humans is the second most prevalent form of seafood poisoning in Mexico, only exceeded by paralytic shellfish poisoning (505 cases, 21 fatalities in the same 34-year period). In this study, the status of ciguatera in Mexico (epidemiological and treatment), and the fish vectors are reviewed. Dinoflagellate species Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum are related with the reported outbreaks, marine toxins, ecological risk, and the potential toxicological impact.
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A truncated palytoxin analogue, palytoxin carboxylic acid, isolated as an insecticidal compound from the red alga, Chondria armata. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Inui Kishi RN, Stach-Machado D, Singulani JDL, dos Santos CT, Fusco-Almeida AM, Cilli EM, Freitas-Astúa J, Picchi SC, Machado MA. Evaluation of cytotoxicity features of antimicrobial peptides with potential to control bacterial diseases of citrus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203451. [PMID: 30192822 PMCID: PMC6128562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be found in various organisms, and could be considered an alternative for pesticides used to control plant pathogens, including those affecting citrus. Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of frozen concentrated orange juice in the world. However, the citrus industry has been affected by several diseases such as citrus canker and huanglongbing (HLB), caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X.citri) and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas), respectively. In order to control these pathogens, putative AMPs were prospected in databases containing citrus sequences. Furthermore, AMPs already reported in the literature were also used for in vitro and in vivo assays against X.citri. Since CaLas cannot be cultivated in vitro, surrogates as Sinorhizobium meliloti and Agrobacterium tumefaciens were used. This study reports the evaluation of six AMPs obtained from different sources, two of them from Citrus spp. (citrus-amp1 and citrus-amp2), three from amphibians (Hylin-a1, K0-W6-Hy-a1 and Ocellatin 4-analogue) and one from porcine (Tritrpticin). Peptides K0-W6-Hy-a1, Ocellatin 4-analogue, and citrus-amp1 showed bactericidal activity against X.citri and S. meliloti and bacteriostatic effect on A. tumefaciens. These results were confirmed for X.citri in planta. In addition cytotoxicity evaluations of these molecules were performed. The AMPs that showed the lowest hemolytic activities were Triptrpticin, citrus-amp1 and citrus-amp2. Citrus-amp1 and citrus-amp2 not presented toxicity in experiments using in vivo model, G. mellonella and U87 MG cells. To verify the interaction of these AMPs with bacteria and erythrocyte cell membranes, vesicles mimicking these cells were built. Citrus-amp1 and Tritrpticin exhibited higher affinity to bacterial membranes, while Ocellatin 4-analogue and Hylin-a1 showed higher affinity to erythrocyte membranes; exclude their use in citrus. This work demonstrates an essential alternative, trough AMPs obtained from Citrus spp., which can be feasibly used to control bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Naomi Inui Kishi
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Dagmar Stach-Machado
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Tavares dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Instituto de Química de Araraquara, Departamento de Bioquímica e tecnologia química, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Cristina Picchi
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Machado
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yong HL, Mustapa NI, Lee LK, Lim ZF, Tan TH, Usup G, Gu H, Litaker RW, Tester PA, Lim PT, Leaw CP. Habitat complexity affects benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages in the fringing reef of Rawa Island, Malaysia. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 78:56-68. [PMID: 30196925 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the effect of fine-scale habitat differences on the dynamics of benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages. To determine how these microhabitat differences affect the distribution and abundance of the major benthic harmful dinoflagellate genera in a tropical coral reef ecosystem, a field study was undertaken between April-September 2015 and January 2016 on the shallow reef flat of the fringing reef of Rawa Island, Terengganu, Malaysia. Sampling of benthic dinoflagellates was carried out using an artificial substrate sampling method (fiberglass screens). Benthic microhabitats surrounding the sampling screens were characterized simultaneously from photographs of a 0.25-m2 quadrat based on categories of bottom substrate types. Five taxonomic groups of benthic dinoflagellates, Ostreopsis, Gambierdiscus, Prorocentrum, Amphidinium, and Coolia were identified, and cells were enumerated using a light microscope. The results showed Gambierdiscus was less abundant than other genera throughout the study period, with maximum abundance of 1.2 × 103 cells 100 cm-2. While most taxa were present on reefs with high coral cover, higher cell abundances were observed in reefs with high turf algal cover and coral rubble, with the exception of Ostreopsis, where the abundance reached a maximum of 3.4 × 104 cells 100 cm-2 in habitats with high coral cover. Microhabitat heterogeneity was identified as a key factor governing the benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages and may account for much of the observed variability in dominant taxa. This finding has significant implications for the role of variability in the benthic harmful algal bloom (BHAB) outbreaks and the potential in identifying BHAB-related toxin transfer pathways and the key vectors in the food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Lin Yong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurin Izzati Mustapa
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Li Keat Lee
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Fei Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Toh Hii Tan
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Gires Usup
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - R Wayne Litaker
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | | | - Po Teen Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Vilariño N, Louzao MC, Abal P, Cagide E, Carrera C, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Human Poisoning from Marine Toxins: Unknowns for Optimal Consumer Protection. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E324. [PMID: 30096904 PMCID: PMC6116008 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine biotoxins are produced by aquatic microorganisms and accumulate in shellfish or finfish following the food web. These toxins usually reach human consumers by ingestion of contaminated seafood, although other exposure routes like inhalation or contact have also been reported and may cause serious illness. This review shows the current data regarding the symptoms of acute intoxication for several toxin classes, including paralytic toxins, amnesic toxins, ciguatoxins, brevetoxins, tetrodotoxins, diarrheic toxins, azaspiracids and palytoxins. The information available about chronic toxicity and relative potency of different analogs within a toxin class are also reported. The gaps of toxicological knowledge that should be studied to improve human health protection are discussed. In general, gathering of epidemiological data in humans, chronic toxicity studies and exploring relative potency by oral administration are critical to minimize human health risks related to these toxin classes in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vilariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Louzao
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Paula Abal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Eva Cagide
- Laboratorio CIFGA S.A., Plaza Santo Domingo 20-5°, 27001 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
- Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Mercedes R Vieytes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Farabegoli F, Blanco L, Rodríguez LP, Vieites JM, Cabado AG. Phycotoxins in Marine Shellfish: Origin, Occurrence and Effects on Humans. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E188. [PMID: 29844286 PMCID: PMC6025170 DOI: 10.3390/md16060188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive phytoplankton proliferation, and the consequent release of toxic metabolites, can be responsible for seafood poisoning outbreaks: filter-feeding mollusks, such as shellfish, mussels, oysters or clams, can accumulate these toxins throughout the food chain and present a threat for consumers' health. Particular environmental and climatic conditions favor this natural phenomenon, called harmful algal blooms (HABs); the phytoplankton species mostly involved in these toxic events are dinoflagellates or diatoms belonging to the genera Alexandrium, Gymnodinium, Dinophysis, and Pseudo-nitzschia. Substantial economic losses ensue after HABs occurrence: the sectors mainly affected include commercial fisheries, tourism, recreational activities, and public health monitoring and management. A wide range of symptoms, from digestive to nervous, are associated to human intoxication by biotoxins, characterizing different and specific syndromes, called paralytic shellfish poisoning, amnesic shellfish poisoning, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, and neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. This review provides a complete and updated survey of phycotoxins usually found in marine invertebrate organisms and their relevant properties, gathering information about the origin, the species where they were found, as well as their mechanism of action and main effects on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Farabegoli
- Food Safety and Industrial Hygiene Division, ANFACO-CECOPESCA. 16, Crta. Colexio Universitario, 36310 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain.
| | - Lucía Blanco
- Food Safety and Industrial Hygiene Division, ANFACO-CECOPESCA. 16, Crta. Colexio Universitario, 36310 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain.
| | - Laura P Rodríguez
- Food Safety and Industrial Hygiene Division, ANFACO-CECOPESCA. 16, Crta. Colexio Universitario, 36310 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Vieites
- Food Safety and Industrial Hygiene Division, ANFACO-CECOPESCA. 16, Crta. Colexio Universitario, 36310 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain.
| | - Ana García Cabado
- Food Safety and Industrial Hygiene Division, ANFACO-CECOPESCA. 16, Crta. Colexio Universitario, 36310 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain.
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Wood P, Alexis A, Reynolds T, Blohm E. Aerosolized palytoxin toxicity during home marine aquarium maintenance. TOXICOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24734306.2018.1480994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paige Wood
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, U.S.A
| | - Anel Alexis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Champlain Valley Physicians Hospital, Plattsburgh, NY, U.S.A
| | - Toussaint Reynolds
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Champlain Valley Physicians Hospital, Plattsburgh, NY, U.S.A
| | - Eike Blohm
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, U.S.A
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Sruthy KS, Nair A, Puthumana J, Antony SP, Singh ISB, Philip R. Molecular cloning, recombinant expression and functional characterization of an antimicrobial peptide, Crustin from the Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:83-94. [PMID: 28964865 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) comprise molecules that involve in the defense mechanism of various organisms towards pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. Crustins are generally defined as multi-domain cationic antimicrobial peptides containing one whey acidic protein (WAP) domain at the C-terminus as the functional unit. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel crustin homolog (Fi-Crustin2) with 354 bp fragment cDNA encoding 117 amino acids and an ORF of 100 amino acids with a net charge of +1 from the mRNA of F. indicus haemocytes. This study forms the second report of a crustin isoform from F. indicus. Blast analysis revealed that Fi-crustin2 exhibits similarity to shrimp crustins already reported. The active mature peptide has a molecular weight of 10.61 kDa and pI of 7.59 with a beta sheeted structure. The mature peptide was cloned into pET-32a(+) with a N-terminal hexa-histidine tag fused in-frame, and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant crustin, Fi-crustin2 inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria with low MIC. All these features suggest that Fi-crustin2 is a potent antibacterial protein against Gram-negative bacteria and could play an important role in the innate immune mechanism of F. indicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Sruthy
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Aishwarya Nair
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India
| | - J Puthumana
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 16, Kerala, India
| | - Swapna P Antony
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 16, Kerala, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India.
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Miranda MCR, Prezotti FG, Borges FA, Barros NR, Cury BSF, Herculano RD, Cilli EM. Porosity effects of natural latex (Hevea brasiliensis) on release of compounds for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:2117-2130. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1377024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. R. Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Department – FCF, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - F. G. Prezotti
- Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Department – FCF, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - F. A. Borges
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Department – FCF, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - N. R. Barros
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Department – FCF, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - B. S. F. Cury
- Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Department – FCF, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - R. D. Herculano
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Department – FCF, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - E. M. Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
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Barros NRD, Miranda MCR, Borges FA, Gemeinder JLP, Mendonça RJD, Cilli EM, Herculano RD. Natural rubber latex: Development and in vitro characterization of a future transdermal patch for enuresis treatment. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1280795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Harwood DT, Murray S, Boundy MJ. Sample Preparation Prior to Marine Toxin Analysis. RECENT ADVANCES IN THE ANALYSIS OF MARINE TOXINS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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García-Portela M, Riobó P, Franco JM, Bañuelos RM, Rodríguez F. Genetic and toxinological characterization of North Atlantic strains of the dinoflagellate Ostreopsis and allelopathic interactions with toxic and non-toxic species from the genera Prorocentrum, Coolia and Gambierdiscus. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 60:57-69. [PMID: 28073563 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Ostreopsis includes several toxic species that can develop blooms in benthic ecosystems, with potential harmful consequences for human health and marine invertebrates. Despite of this, little is known about the allelopathic interactions between these organisms and other co-occurring microalgae that exploit similar spatial and nutrient resources in benthic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to follow these interactions in cultures of two Ostreopsis ribotypes with different toxin profiles (O. cf. ovata contained ovatoxins-a, b, c and e, while only ovatoxin-d was found in O .sp. "Lanzarote-type"), mixed with species of three benthic dinoflagellate genera (Coolia, Prorocentrum and Gambierdiscus), isolated from the same area (North East Atlantic, Canary Islands). In a first experiment, the potential allelopathic effects on growth rates were followed, in mixed cultures of Coolia monotis (a non toxic species) exposed to the clarified medium and to cells of O. sp."Lanzarote-type" and O. cf. ovata. Growth delayed in C. monotis was observed specially in clarified medium, while the O. sp. "Lanzarote-type" strain attained much lower densities in mixed cultures. In a second experiment, we examined the potential effects of clarified media from O. sp."Lanzarote-type" and O. cf. ovata on the adherence capacity in two toxic species (Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and Gambierdiscus excentricus). Contrasting effects were found: a significant increase of adherence capacity in P. hoffmannianum vs attachment decline in G. excentricus, that experienced also severe deleterious effects (cell lysis). Our results suggest the existence of weak to moderate allelopathic interactions between the studied organisms, although the outcome is dependent on the species involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Portela
- Instituto Español de Oceanografia (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50-52, Cabo Estay, Canido, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Pilar Riobó
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC (UA Microalgas Nocivas CSIC-IEO), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - José Mariano Franco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC (UA Microalgas Nocivas CSIC-IEO), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Rosa Mª Bañuelos
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografia (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50-52, Cabo Estay, Canido, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
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Brovedani V, Sosa S, Poli M, Forino M, Varello K, Tubaro A, Pelin M. A revisited hemolytic assay for palytoxin detection: Limitations for its quantitation in mussels. Toxicon 2016; 119:225-33. [PMID: 27343702 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Palytoxin (PLTX) and its analogues have been detected as seafood contaminants associated with a series of human foodborne poisonings. Due to a number of fatalities ascribed to the ingestion of PLTX-contaminated marine organisms, the development of methods for its detection in seafood has been recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Due to its feasibility, the spectrophotometric hemolytic assay is widely used to detect PLTX in different matrices, even though a standardized protocol is still lacking. Thus, on the basis of available assay procedures, a new standardized protocol was set up using purified human erythrocytes exposed to PLTX (working range: 3.9 × 10(-10)-2.5 × 10(-8) M) in a K(+)-free phosphate buffered saline solution, employing a 5 h incubation at 41 °C. An intra-laboratory characterization demonstrated its sensitivity (limit of detection, LOD = 1.4 × 10(-10) M and quantitation, LOQ = 3.4 × 10(-10) M), accuracy (bias = -0.8%), repeatability (RSDr = 15% and 6% for intra- and inter-day repeatability, respectively) and specificity. However, the standardized method seems not to be suitable for PLTX quantitation in complex matrices, such as mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) extracts, at least below the limit suggested by EFSA (30 μg PLTXs/Kg shellfish meat). Thus, the hemolytic assay for PLTX quantitation in seafood should be used only after a careful evaluation of the specific matrix effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Brovedani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Silvio Sosa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Mark Poli
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft Detrick, MD, United States.
| | - Martino Forino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy.
| | - Aurelia Tubaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Marco Pelin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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