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Adkins-Jablonsky J, Lasher AT, Patki A, Nagarajan A, Sun LY. Growth hormone-releasing hormone deficiency confers extended lifespan and metabolic resilience during high-fat feeding in mid and late life. Aging Cell 2024:e14238. [PMID: 38867381 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone-releasing hormone-deficient (GHRH-KO) mice have previously been characterized by lower body weight, disproportionately high body fat accumulation, preferential metabolism of lipids compared to carbohydrates, improved insulin sensitivity, and an extended lifespan. That these mice are long-lived and insulin-sensitive conflicts with the notion that adipose tissue accumulation drives the health detriments associated with obesity (i.e., diabetes), and indicates that GH signaling may be necessary for the development of adverse effects linked to obesity. This prompts investigation into the ultimate effect of diet-induced obesity on the lifespan of these long-lived mice. To this end, we initiated high-fat feeding in mid and late-life in GHRH-KO and wild-type (WT) mice. We carried out extensive lifespan analysis coupled with glucose/insulin tolerance testing and indirect calorimetry to gauge the metabolic effect of high-fat dietary stress through adulthood on these mice. We show that under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions, GHRH-KO mice display extended lifespans relative to WT controls. We also show that GHRH-KO mice are more insulin-sensitive and display less dramatic changes in their metabolism relative to WT mice, with GHRH-KO mice fed HFD displaying respiratory exchange ratios and glucose oxidation rates comparable to control-diet fed GHRH-KO mice, while WT mice fed HFD showed significant reductions in these parameters. Our results indicate that GH deficiency protects against the adverse effects of diet-induced obesity in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Tate Lasher
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amit Patki
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Akash Nagarajan
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Liou Y Sun
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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2
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Vedunova M, Borysova O, Kozlov G, Zharova AM, Morgunov I, Moskalev A. Candidate molecular targets uncovered in mouse lifespan extension studies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:513-528. [PMID: 38656034 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2346597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple interventions have demonstrated an increase in mouse lifespan. However, non-standardized controls, sex or strain-specific factors, and insufficient focus on targets, hinder the translation of these findings into clinical applications. AREAS COVERED We examined the effects of genetic and drug-based interventions on mice from databases DrugAge, GenAge, the Mouse Phenome Database, and publications from PubMed that led to a lifespan extension of more than 10%, identifying specific molecular targets that were manipulated to achieve the maximum lifespan in mice. Subsequently, we characterized 10 molecular targets influenced by these interventions, with particular attention given to clinical trials and potential indications for each. EXPERT OPINION To increase the translational potential of mice life-extension studies to clinical research several factors are crucial: standardization of mice lifespan research approaches, the development of clear criteria for control and experimental groups, the establishment of criteria for potential geroprotectors, and focusing on targets and their clinical application. Pinpointing the targets affected by geroprotectors helps in understanding species-specific differences and identifying potential side effects, ensuring the safety and effectiveness of clinical trials. Additionally, target review facilitates the optimization of treatment protocols and the evaluation of the clinical feasibility of translating research findings into practical therapies for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vedunova
- Institute of Biomedicine, Institute of Biogerontology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (Lobachevsky University), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Grigory Kozlov
- Institute of Biomedicine, Institute of Biogerontology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (Lobachevsky University), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anna-Maria Zharova
- Institute of Biomedicine, Institute of Biogerontology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (Lobachevsky University), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biomedicine, Institute of Biogerontology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (Lobachevsky University), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Longaevus Technologies LTD, London, United Kingdom
- Russian Gerontology Research and Clinical Centre, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Moses E, Atlan T, Sun X, Franek R, Siddiqui A, Marinov GK, Shifman S, Zucker DM, Oron-Gottesman A, Greenleaf WJ, Cohen E, Ram O, Harel I. The killifish germline regulates longevity and somatic repair in a sex-specific manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.18.572041. [PMID: 38187630 PMCID: PMC10769255 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Classical evolutionary theories propose tradeoffs between reproduction, damage repair, and lifespan. However, the specific role of the germline in shaping vertebrate aging remains largely unknown. Here, we use the turquoise killifish ( N. furzeri ) to genetically arrest germline development at discrete stages, and examine how different modes of infertility impact life-history. We first construct a comprehensive single-cell gonadal atlas, providing cell-type-specific markers for downstream phenotypic analysis. Next, we show that germline depletion - but not arresting germline differentiation - enhances damage repair in female killifish. Conversely, germline-depleted males instead showed an extension in lifespan and rejuvenated metabolic functions. Through further transcriptomic analysis, we highlight enrichment of pro-longevity pathways and genes in germline-depleted male killifish and demonstrate functional conservation of how these factors may regulate longevity in germline-depleted C. elegans . Our results therefore demonstrate that different germline manipulation paradigms can yield pronounced sexually dimorphic phenotypes, implying alternative responses to classical evolutionary tradeoffs.
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Moses E, Franek R, Harel I. A scalable and tunable platform for functional interrogation of peptide hormones in fish. eLife 2023; 12:e85960. [PMID: 37872843 PMCID: PMC10597582 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary hormones play a central role in shaping vertebrate life history events, including growth, reproduction, metabolism, and aging. The regulation of these traits often requires precise control of hormone levels across diverse timescales. However, fine tuning circulating hormones in-vivo has traditionally been experimentally challenging. Here, using the naturally short-lived turquoise killifish (N. furzeri), we describe a high-throughput platform that combines loss- and gain-of-function of peptide hormones. Mutation of three primary pituitary hormones, growth hormone (gh1), follicle stimulating hormone (fshb), and thyroid stimulating hormone (tshb), alters somatic growth and reproduction. Thus, suggesting that while the killifish undergoes extremely rapid growth and maturity, it still relies on vertebrate-conserved genetic networks. As the next stage, we developed a gain-of-function vector system in which a hormone is tagged using a self-cleavable fluorescent reporter, and ectopically expressed in-vivo through intramuscular electroporation. Following a single electroporation, phenotypes, such as reproduction, are stably rescued for several months. Notably, we demonstrate the versatility of this approach by using multiplexing, dose-dependent, and doxycycline-inducible systems to achieve tunable and reversible expression. In summary, this method is relatively high-throughput, and facilitates large-scale interrogation of life-history strategies in fish. Ultimately, this approach could be adapted for modifying aquaculture species and exploring pro-longevity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Moses
- Department of Genetics, the Silberman Institute, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Roman Franek
- Department of Genetics, the Silberman Institute, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesVodnanyCzech Republic
| | - Itamar Harel
- Department of Genetics, the Silberman Institute, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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5
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Akiba K, Hasegawa Y, Katoh-Fukui Y, Terao M, Takada S, Hasegawa T, Fukami M, Narumi S. POU1F1/Pou1f1 c.143-83A > G Variant Disrupts the Branch Site in Pre-mRNA and Leads to Dwarfism. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6847324. [PMID: 36427334 PMCID: PMC9795478 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
POU Class 1 Homeobox1 (POU1F1/Pou1f1) is a well-established pituitary-specific transcription factor, and causes, when mutated, combined pituitary hormone deficiency in humans and mice. POU1F1/Pou1f1 has 2 isoforms: the alpha and beta isoforms. Recently, pathogenic variants in the unique coding region of the beta isoform (beta domain) and the intron near the exon-intron boundary for the beta domain were reported, although their functional consequences remain obscure. In this study, we generated mice carrying the Pou1f1 c.143-83A>G substitution that recapitulates the human intronic variant near the exon-intron boundary for the beta domain. Homozygous mice showed postnatal growth failure, with an average body weight that was 35% of wild-type littermates at 12 weeks, which was accompanied by anterior pituitary hypoplasia and deficiency of circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 and thyroxine. The results of RNA-seq analysis of the pituitary gland were consistent with reduction of somatotrophs, and this was confirmed immunohistochemically. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of pituitary Pou1f1 mRNA showed abnormal splicing in homozygous mice, with a decrease in the alpha isoform, an increase in the beta isoform, and the emergence of the exon-skipped transcript. We further characterized artificial variants in or near the beta domain, which were candidate positions of the branch site in pre-mRNA, using cultured cell-basis analysis and found that only c.143-83A>G produced transcripts similar to the mice model. Our report is the first to show that the c.143-83A>G variant leads to splicing disruption and causes morphological and functional abnormalities in the pituitary gland. Furthermore, our mice will contribute understanding the role of POU1F1/Pou1f1 transcripts in pituitary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Akiba
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Hasegawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Katoh-Fukui
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Terao
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Correspondence: Satoshi Narumi, MD, PhD, Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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Xie K, Fuchs H, Scifo E, Liu D, Aziz A, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Amarie OV, Becker L, da Silva-Buttkus P, Calzada-Wack J, Cho YL, Deng Y, Edwards AC, Garrett L, Georgopoulou C, Gerlini R, Hölter SM, Klein-Rodewald T, Kramer M, Leuchtenberger S, Lountzi D, Mayer-Kuckuk P, Nover LL, Oestereicher MA, Overkott C, Pearson BL, Rathkolb B, Rozman J, Russ J, Schaaf K, Spielmann N, Sanz-Moreno A, Stoeger C, Treise I, Bano D, Busch DH, Graw J, Klingenspor M, Klopstock T, Mock BA, Salomoni P, Schmidt-Weber C, Weiergräber M, Wolf E, Wurst W, Gailus-Durner V, Breteler MMB, Hrabě de Angelis M, Ehninger D. Deep phenotyping and lifetime trajectories reveal limited effects of longevity regulators on the aging process in C57BL/6J mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6830. [PMID: 36369285 PMCID: PMC9652467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current concepts regarding the biology of aging are primarily based on studies aimed at identifying factors regulating lifespan. However, lifespan as a sole proxy measure for aging can be of limited value because it may be restricted by specific pathologies. Here, we employ large-scale phenotyping to analyze hundreds of markers in aging male C57BL/6J mice. For each phenotype, we establish lifetime profiles to determine when age-dependent change is first detectable relative to the young adult baseline. We examine key lifespan regulators (putative anti-aging interventions; PAAIs) for a possible countering of aging. Importantly, unlike most previous studies, we include in our study design young treated groups of animals, subjected to PAAIs prior to the onset of detectable age-dependent phenotypic change. Many PAAI effects influence phenotypes long before the onset of detectable age-dependent change, but, importantly, do not alter the rate of phenotypic change. Hence, these PAAIs have limited effects on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Xie
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Enzo Scifo
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dan Liu
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ahmad Aziz
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oana Veronica Amarie
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia da Silva-Buttkus
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Calzada-Wack
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yi-Li Cho
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yushuang Deng
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Cole Edwards
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina Georgopoulou
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Raffaele Gerlini
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Klein-Rodewald
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Leuchtenberger
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dimitra Lountzi
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Phillip Mayer-Kuckuk
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lena L Nover
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuela A Oestereicher
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Overkott
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Brandon L Pearson
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 630W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Prumyslova 595, Vestec, 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Jenny Russ
- Nuclear Function Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristina Schaaf
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadine Spielmann
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adrián Sanz-Moreno
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Stoeger
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Irina Treise
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- Aging and Neurodegeneration Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Graw
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, 85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Beverly A Mock
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- Nuclear Function Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technische Universität München, and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Research Group Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Chair of Developmental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences (SoLS), Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences (SoLS), Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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Davies DM, van den Handel K, Bharadwaj S, Lengefeld J. Cellular enlargement - A new hallmark of aging? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1036602. [PMID: 36438561 PMCID: PMC9688412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1036602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Years of important research has revealed that cells heavily invest in regulating their size. Nevertheless, it has remained unclear why accurate size control is so important. Our recent study using hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo indicates that cellular enlargement is causally associated with aging. Here, we present an overview of these findings and their implications. Furthermore, we performed a broad literature analysis to evaluate the potential of cellular enlargement as a new aging hallmark and to examine its connection to previously described aging hallmarks. Finally, we highlight interesting work presenting a correlation between cell size and age-related diseases. Taken together, we found mounting evidence linking cellular enlargement to aging and age-related diseases. Therefore, we encourage researchers from seemingly unrelated areas to take a fresh look at their data from the perspective of cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Davies
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kim van den Handel
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soham Bharadwaj
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jette Lengefeld
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Vegetables and Their Bioactive Compounds as Anti-Aging Drugs. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072316. [PMID: 35408714 PMCID: PMC9000296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a continuous process over time that is mainly related to natural alterations in mechanical–biological processes. This phenomenon is due to several factors, including the time and energy of biological processes. Aging can be attributed to biological factors such as oxidative stress, cell longevity, and stem cell senescence. Currently, aging is associated with several diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other diseases related to oxidative stress. In addition, certain natural molecules, including those derived from vegetables, have shown the ability to delay the aging process. Their effects are linked to different mechanisms of action, such as tissue regeneration and the activation of longevity and anti-senescence genes. The present work discusses the impact of vegetables, and bioactive compounds isolated from vegetables, against the physiological and pathological aging process and accompanying human diseases.
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9
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Rader EP, Naimo MA, Ensey J, Baker BA. Improved impedance to maladaptation and enhanced VCAM-1 upregulation with resistance-type training in the long-lived Snell dwarf ( Pit1dw/dw) mouse. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1157-1185. [PMID: 35113807 PMCID: PMC8876912 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Snell dwarf mice with the Pit1dw/dw mutation are deficient in growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid stimulating hormone and exhibit >40% lifespan extension. This longevity is accompanied by compromised muscular performance. However, research regarding young (3-month-old) Snell dwarf mice demonstrate exceptional responsivity to resistance-type training especially in terms of a shifted fiber type distribution and increased protein levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a possible mediator of such remodeling. In the present study, we investigated whether this responsiveness persists at 12 months of age. Unlike 12-month-old control mice, age-matched Snell dwarf mice remained resistant to training-induced maladaptive decreases in performance and muscle mass. This was accompanied by retainment of the remodeling capacity in muscles of Snell dwarf mice to increase VCAM-1 protein levels and a shift in myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform distribution with training. Even decreasing training frequency for control mice, an alteration which protected muscles from maladaptation at 12 months of age, did not result in the overt remodeling observed for Snell dwarf mice. The results demonstrate a distinct remodeling response to resistance-type exercise operative in the context of the Pit1dw/dw mutation of long-lived Snell dwarf mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P. Rader
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Marshall A. Naimo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- West Virginia School of Medicine, Division of Exercise Physiology, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - James Ensey
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Brent A. Baker
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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10
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Horvath S, Haghani A, Macoretta N, Ablaeva J, Zoller JA, Li CZ, Zhang J, Takasugi M, Zhao Y, Rydkina E, Zhang Z, Emmrich S, Raj K, Seluanov A, Faulkes CG, Gorbunova V. DNA methylation clocks tick in naked mole rats but queens age more slowly than nonbreeders. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:46-59. [PMID: 35368774 PMCID: PMC8975251 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Naked mole rats (NMRs) live an exceptionally long life, appear not to exhibit age-related decline in physiological capacity and are resistant to age-related diseases. However, it has been unknown whether NMRs also evade aging according to a primary hallmark of aging: epigenetic changes. To address this question, we profiled n = 385 samples from 11 tissue types at loci that are highly conserved between mammalian species using a custom array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40). We observed strong epigenetic aging effects and developed seven highly accurate epigenetic clocks for several tissues (pan-tissue, blood, kidney, liver, skin clocks) and two dual-species (human-NMR) clocks. The skin clock correctly estimated induced pluripotent stem cells derived from NMR fibroblasts to be of prenatal age. The NMR epigenetic clocks revealed that breeding NMR queens age more slowly than nonbreeders, a feature that is also observed in some eusocial insects. Our results show that despite a phenotype of negligible senescence, the NMR ages epigenetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Steve Horvath, Amin Haghani
| | - Amin Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Steve Horvath, Amin Haghani
| | - Nicholas Macoretta
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Julia Ablaeva
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A. Zoller
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caesar Z. Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Masaki Takasugi
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elena Rydkina
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stephan Emmrich
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ken Raj
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Andrei Seluanov, Chris G. Faulkes, Vera Gorbunova
| | - Chris G. Faulkes
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Andrei Seluanov, Chris G. Faulkes, Vera Gorbunova
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Andrei Seluanov, Chris G. Faulkes, Vera Gorbunova
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11
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Molecular mechanisms of dietary restriction promoting health and longevity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:56-73. [PMID: 34518687 PMCID: PMC8692439 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction with adequate nutrition is the gold standard for delaying ageing and extending healthspan and lifespan in diverse species, including rodents and non-human primates. In this Review, we discuss the effects of dietary restriction in these mammalian model organisms and discuss accumulating data that suggest that dietary restriction results in many of the same physiological, metabolic and molecular changes responsible for the prevention of multiple ageing-associated diseases in humans. We further discuss how different forms of fasting, protein restriction and specific reductions in the levels of essential amino acids such as methionine and the branched-chain amino acids selectively impact the activity of AKT, FOXO, mTOR, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which are key components of some of the most important nutrient-sensing geroprotective signalling pathways that promote healthy longevity.
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12
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Duran-Ortiz S, List EO, Basu R, Kopchick JJ. Extending lifespan by modulating the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis: coming of age. Pituitary 2021; 24:438-456. [PMID: 33459974 PMCID: PMC8122064 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-020-01117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress made in the years of aging research have allowed the opportunity to explore potential interventions to slow aging and extend healthy lifespan. Studies performed in yeast, worms, flies and mice subjected to genetic and pharmacological interventions have given insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with longevity. Furthermore, it is now possible to effectively modulate pathways that slow aging at different stages of life (early life or at an adult age). Interestingly, interventions that extend longevity in adult mice have had sex-specific success, suggesting a potential link between particular pathways that modulate aging and sex. For example, reduction of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis at an adult age extends lifespan preferentially in females. Moreover, several postnatal dietary interventions tested by the 'Intervention Testing Program (ITP)' from the National Institute of Aging (NIA) have shown that while pharmacological interventions like rapamycin affect the IGF-1/insulin pathway and preferentially extend lifespan in females; dietary compounds that target other cellular pathways are effective only in male mice-indicating mutually exclusive sex-specific pathways. Therefore, a combination of interventions that target non-overlapping aging-related pathways appears to be an effective approach to further extend healthy lifespan in both sexes. Here, we review the germline and postnatal mouse lines that target the GH/IGF-1 axis as a mechanism to extend longevity as well as the dietary compounds that tested positive in the NIA program to increase lifespan. We believe that the interventions reviewed in this paper could constitute feasible combinations for an extended healthy lifespan in both male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Duran-Ortiz
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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13
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List EO, Basu R, Duran-Ortiz S, Krejsa J, Jensen EA. Mouse models of growth hormone deficiency. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:3-16. [PMID: 33033978 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nearly one century of research using growth hormone deficient (GHD) mouse lines has contributed greatly toward our knowledge of growth hormone (GH), a pituitary-derived hormone that binds and signals through the GH receptor and affects many metabolic processes throughout life. Although delayed sexual maturation, decreased fertility, reduced muscle mass, increased adiposity, small body size, and glucose intolerance appear to be among the negative characteristics of these GHD mouse lines, these mice still consistently outlive their normal sized littermates. Furthermore, the absence of GH action in these mouse lines leads to enhanced insulin sensitivity (likely due to the lack of GH's diabetogenic actions), delayed onset for a number of age-associated physiological declines (including cognition, cancer, and neuromusculoskeletal frailty), reduced cellular senescence, and ultimately, extended lifespan. In this review, we provide details about history, availability, growth, physiology, and aging of five commonly used GHD mouse lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward O List
- The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, 172 Water Tower Drive, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, 172 Water Tower Drive, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Silvana Duran-Ortiz
- The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, 172 Water Tower Drive, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Jackson Krejsa
- The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, 172 Water Tower Drive, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jensen
- The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, 172 Water Tower Drive, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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14
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Miller HA, Dean ES, Pletcher SD, Leiser SF. Cell non-autonomous regulation of health and longevity. eLife 2020; 9:62659. [PMID: 33300870 PMCID: PMC7728442 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As the demographics of the modern world skew older, understanding and mitigating the effects of aging is increasingly important within biomedical research. Recent studies in model organisms demonstrate that the aging process is frequently modified by an organism’s ability to perceive and respond to changes in its environment. Many well-studied pathways that influence aging involve sensory cells, frequently neurons, that signal to peripheral tissues and promote survival during the presence of stress. Importantly, this activation of stress response pathways is often sufficient to improve health and longevity even in the absence of stress. Here, we review the current landscape of research highlighting the importance of cell non-autonomous signaling in modulating aging from C. elegans to mammals. We also discuss emerging concepts including retrograde signaling, approaches to mapping these networks, and development of potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A Miller
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Dean
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Scott D Pletcher
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Scott F Leiser
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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15
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Vatner SF, Zhang J, Oydanich M, Berkman T, Naftalovich R, Vatner DE. Healthful aging mediated by inhibition of oxidative stress. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101194. [PMID: 33091597 PMCID: PMC7710569 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The progressive increase in lifespan over the past century carries with it some adversity related to the accompanying burden of debilitating diseases prevalent in the older population. This review focuses on oxidative stress as a major mechanism limiting longevity in general, and healthful aging, in particular. Accordingly, the first goal of this review is to discuss the role of oxidative stress in limiting longevity, and compare healthful aging and its mechanisms in different longevity models. Secondly, we discuss common signaling pathways involved in protection against oxidative stress in aging and in the associated diseases of aging, e.g., neurological, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and cancer. Much of the literature has focused on murine models of longevity, which will be discussed first, followed by a comparison with human models of longevity and their relationship to oxidative stress protection. Finally, we discuss the extent to which the different longevity models exhibit the healthful aging features through physiological protective mechanisms related to exercise tolerance and increased β-adrenergic signaling and also protection against diabetes and other metabolic diseases, obesity, cancer, neurological diseases, aging-induced cardiomyopathy, cardiac stress and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marko Oydanich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tolga Berkman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rotem Naftalovich
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dorothy E Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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16
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Teng YC, Wang JY, Chi YH, Tsai TF. Exercise and the Cisd2 Prolongevity Gene: Two Promising Strategies to Delay the Aging of Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239059. [PMID: 33260577 PMCID: PMC7731423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an evolutionally conserved process that limits life activity. Cellular aging is the result of accumulated genetic damage, epigenetic damage and molecular exhaustion, as well as altered inter-cellular communication; these lead to impaired organ function and increased vulnerability to death. Skeletal muscle constitutes ~40% of the human body’s mass. In addition to maintaining skeletal structure and allowing locomotion, which enables essential daily activities to be completed, skeletal muscle also plays major roles in thermogenesis, metabolism and the functioning of the endocrine system. Unlike many other organs that have a defined size once adulthood is reached, skeletal muscle is able to alter its structural and functional properties in response to changes in environmental conditions. Muscle mass usually remains stable during early life; however, it begins to decline at a rate of ~1% year in men and ~0.5% in women after the age of 50 years. On the other hand, different exercise training regimens are able to restore muscle homeostasis at the molecular, cellular and organismal levels, thereby improving systemic health. Here we give an overview of the molecular factors that contribute to lifespan and healthspan, and discuss the effects of the longevity gene Cisd2 and middle-to-old age exercise on muscle metabolism and changes in the muscle transcriptome in mice during very old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chi Teng
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Jing-Ya Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Hui Chi
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (T.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-37-206166 (ext. 35718) (Y.-H.C.); +886-2-28267293 (T.-F.T.); Fax: +886-2-28280872 (T.-F.T.)
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan;
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (T.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-37-206166 (ext. 35718) (Y.-H.C.); +886-2-28267293 (T.-F.T.); Fax: +886-2-28280872 (T.-F.T.)
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17
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Klutstein M. Cause and effect in epigenetics - where lies the truth, and how can experiments reveal it?: Epigenetic self-reinforcing loops obscure causation in cancer and aging. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000262. [PMID: 33236359 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are implicated in aging and cancer. Sometimes, it is clear whether the causing agent of the condition is a genetic factor or epigenetic. In other cases, the causative factor is unclear, and could be either genetic or epigenetic. Is there a general role for epigenetic changes in cancer and aging? Here, I present the paradigm of causative roles executed by epigenetic changes. I discuss cases with clear roles of the epigenome in cancer and aging, and other cases showing involvement of other factors. I also present the possibility that sometimes causality is difficult to assign because of the presence of self-reinforcing loops in epigenetic regulation. Such loops hinder the identification of the causative factor. I provide an experimental framework by which the role of the epigenome can be examined in a better setting and where the presence of such loops could be investigated in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Garratt M. Why do sexes differ in lifespan extension? Sex-specific pathways of aging and underlying mechanisms for dimorphic responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/nha-190067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Males and females typically have different lifespans and frequently differ in their responses to anti-aging interventions. These sex-specific responses are documented in mice and Drosophila species, in addition to other organisms where interventions have been tested. While the prevalence of sex-specific responses to anti-aging interventions is now recognised, the underlying causes remain poorly understood. This review first summarises the main pathways and interventions that lead to sex-specific lifespan responses, including the growth-hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH-IGF1) axis, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling, and nutritional and pharmacological interventions. After summarising current evidence, several different potential causes for sex-specific responses are discussed. These include sex-differences in xenobiotic metabolism, differing disease susceptibility, sex-specific hormone production and chromosomes, and the relative importance of different signalling pathways in the control of male and female life-history. Understanding why sex-differences in lifespan-extension occur should provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the aging process in each sex, and will be crucial for understanding the full implications of these treatments if they are translated to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Garratt
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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19
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Wong W, Kim A, Monaghan JR, Seifert AW, Maden M, Crane JD. Spiny mice (Acomys) exhibit attenuated hallmarks of aging and rapid cell turnover after UV exposure in the skin epidermis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241617. [PMID: 33125436 PMCID: PMC7598470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of long-lived and regenerative animal models has revealed diverse protective responses to stressors such as aging and tissue injury. Spiny mice (Acomys) are a unique mammalian model of skin wound regeneration, but their response to other types of physiological skin damage has not been investigated. In this study, we examine how spiny mouse skin responds to acute UVB damage or chronological aging compared to non-regenerative C57Bl/6 mice (M. musculus). We find that, compared to M. musculus, the skin epidermis in A. cahirinus experiences a similar UVB-induced increase in basal cell proliferation but exhibits increased epidermal turnover. Notably, A. cahirinus uniquely form a suprabasal layer co-expressing Keratin 14 and Keratin 10 after UVB exposure concomitant with reduced epidermal inflammatory signaling and reduced markers of DNA damage. In the context of aging, old M. musculus animals exhibit typical hallmarks including epidermal thinning, increased inflammatory signaling and senescence. However, these age-related changes are absent in old A. cahirinus skin. Overall, we find that A. cahirinus have evolved novel responses to skin damage that reveals new aspects of its regenerative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Wong
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Austin Kim
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James R. Monaghan
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ashley W. Seifert
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Malcolm Maden
- UF Genetics Institute & Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Justin D. Crane
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Kobayashi M, Higami Y. [Metabolic Alteration in Aging Process: Metabolic Remodeling in White Adipose Tissue by Caloric Restriction]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:383-389. [PMID: 32115557 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) improves whole-body metabolism, suppresses various age-related pathophysiological changes, and extends lifespan. The beneficial actions of CR are regulated in growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signal-dependent and -independent manners. To clarify the GH/IGF-1-independent mechanism, we compared gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT) between CR and GH/IGF-1 suppression, and found that CR upregulated sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) regulatory gene expression. To validate the impact of SREBP-1c as a beneficial mediator of CR, we compared the responses to CR between wild-type and SREBP-1c knockout (KO) mice. CR extended lifespan, upregulated gene expression involved in FA biosynthesis, activated mitochondrial biogenesis, and suppressed oxidative stress predominantly in WAT. In contrast, most of these findings were not observed in KO mice. Furthermore, SREBP-1c was implicated in CR-associated mitochondrial activation through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial quality and is also involved in the beneficial actions of CR. We observed that CR upregulated the mature form of SIRT3 protein and mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIPEP), a mitochondrial signal peptidase (MtSPase), in WAT. MIPEP cleaved precursor form of SIRT3 to mature form, and activated certain mitochondrial matrix proteins, suggesting that MIPEP might contribute to maintenance of mitochondrial quality during CR via SIRT3 activation. Taken together, CR induces SREBP-1c-dependent metabolic remodeling, including enhancement of FA biosynthesis and mitochondrial activation, via PGC-1α, and improvement of mitochondria quality via Mipep in WAT, resulting in beneficial actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Medical and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Medical and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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21
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Taormina G, Ferrante F, Vieni S, Grassi N, Russo A, Mirisola MG. Longevity: Lesson from Model Organisms. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070518. [PMID: 31324014 PMCID: PMC6678192 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on longevity and healthy aging promises to increase our lifespan and decrease the burden of degenerative diseases with important social and economic effects. Many aging theories have been proposed, and important aging pathways have been discovered. Model organisms have had a crucial role in this process because of their short lifespan, cheap maintenance, and manipulation possibilities. Yeasts, worms, fruit flies, or mammalian models such as mice, monkeys, and recently, dogs, have helped shed light on aging processes. Genes and molecular mechanisms that were found to be critical in simple eukaryotic cells and species have been confirmed in humans mainly by the functional analysis of mammalian orthologues. Here, we review conserved aging mechanisms discovered in different model systems that are implicated in human longevity as well and that could be the target of anti-aging interventions in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Taormina
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrante
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vieni
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nello Grassi
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario G Mirisola
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
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22
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Abstract
Reduction of insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling (IIS) extends the lifespan of various species. So far, several longevity mouse models have been developed containing mutations related to growth signaling deficiency by targeting growth hormone (GH), IGF1, IGF1 receptor, insulin receptor, and insulin receptor substrate. In addition, p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) knockout leads to lifespan extension. S6K1 encodes an important kinase in the regulation of cell growth. S6K1 is regulated by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1. The v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC)-deficient mice also exhibits a longevity phenotype. The gene expression profiles of these mice models have been measured to identify their longevity mechanisms. Here, we summarize our knowledge of long-lived mouse models related to growth and discuss phenotypic characteristics, including organ-specific gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Soo Kim
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Cheol-Koo Lee
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea
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23
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Singh PP, Demmitt BA, Nath RD, Brunet A. The Genetics of Aging: A Vertebrate Perspective. Cell 2019; 177:200-220. [PMID: 30901541 PMCID: PMC7592626 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging negatively impacts vitality and health. Many genetic pathways that regulate aging were discovered in invertebrates. However, the genetics of aging is more complex in vertebrates because of their specialized systems. This Review discusses advances in the genetic regulation of aging in vertebrates from work in mice, humans, and organisms with exceptional lifespans. We highlight challenges for the future, including sex-dependent differences in lifespan and the interplay between genes and environment. We also discuss how the identification of reliable biomarkers of age and development of new vertebrate models can be leveraged for personalized interventions to counter aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Param Priya Singh
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Ravi D Nath
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Plausible Links Between Metabolic Networks, Stem Cells, and Longevity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1201:355-388. [PMID: 31898793 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable consequence of life, and all multicellular organisms undergo a decline in tissue and organ functions as they age. Several well-known risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and lack of physical activity that lead to the cardiovascular system, decline and impede the function of vital organs, ultimately limit overall life span. Over recent years, aging research has experienced an unparalleled growth, particularly with the discovery and recognition of genetic pathways and biochemical processes that control to some extent the rate of aging.In this chapter, we focus on several aspects of stem cell biology and aging, beginning with major cellular hallmarks of aging, endocrine regulation of aging and its impact on stem cell compartment, and mechanisms of increased longevity. We then discuss the role of epigenetic modifications associated with aging and provide an overview on a most recent search of antiaging modalities.
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25
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Abstract
Recent research suggests that epigenetics, especially DNA methylation, plays a mechanistic role in aging. Epigenetic clocks, which measure changes in a few hundred specific CpG sites, can accurately predict chronological age in a variety of species, including humans. These clocks are currently the bestbiomarkers for predicting mortality in humans. Additionally, several studies have characterized the effects of aging across the methylome in a wide variety of tissues from humans and mice. A small fraction (~2%) of the CpG sites show age-related changes, either hypermethylation or hypomethylation with aging. Evaluation of non-CpG site methylation has only been examined in a few studies, with about ~0.5% of these sites showing achange with age. Therefore, while only a small fraction of cytosines in the genome show changes in DNA methylation with age, this represents 2 to 3 million cytosines in the genome. Importantly, the only study to compare the effect of aging on DNA methylation in male and female mice and humans found that N95% of the age-related changes in DNA methylation in the hippocampus were sexually divergent, i.e., the methylation did not differ between males and females atyoung age but age-related changes occurred in one sex but not the other. The age-related changes in DNA methylation tend to be enriched and under-represented in specific genomic contexts, with some commonalities between tissues and species that require further investigation. The strongest evidence that the age-related changes in DNA methylation play a role in aging comes from studies of anti-aging interventions (e.g., caloric restriction, dwarfism, and rapamycin treatment) in mice. These anti-aging interventions deaccelerate the epigenetic clocks and reverse/prevent 20 to 40% of the age-related changes in DNA methylation. It will be important in the future to demonstrate that at least some of the age-related changes in DNA methylation directly lead to alterations in the transcriptome of cells/tissues that could potentially contribute to aging.
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26
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Hahn O, Stubbs TM, Reik W, Grönke S, Beyer A, Partridge L. Hepatic gene body hypermethylation is a shared epigenetic signature of murine longevity. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007766. [PMID: 30462643 PMCID: PMC6281273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary, pharmacological and genetic interventions can extend health- and lifespan in diverse mammalian species. DNA methylation has been implicated in mediating the beneficial effects of these interventions; methylation patterns deteriorate during ageing, and this is prevented by lifespan-extending interventions. However, whether these interventions also actively shape the epigenome, and whether such epigenetic reprogramming contributes to improved health at old age, remains underexplored. We analysed published, whole-genome, BS-seq data sets from mouse liver to explore DNA methylation patterns in aged mice in response to three lifespan-extending interventions: dietary restriction (DR), reduced TOR signaling (rapamycin), and reduced growth (Ames dwarf mice). Dwarf mice show enhanced DNA hypermethylation in the body of key genes in lipid biosynthesis, cell proliferation and somatotropic signaling, which strongly correlates with the pattern of transcriptional repression. Remarkably, DR causes a similar hypermethylation in lipid biosynthesis genes, while rapamycin treatment increases methylation signatures in genes coding for growth factor and growth hormone receptors. Shared changes of DNA methylation were restricted to hypermethylated regions, and they were not merely a consequence of slowed ageing, thus suggesting an active mechanism driving their formation. By comparing the overlap in ageing-independent hypermethylated patterns between all three interventions, we identified four regions, which, independent of genetic background or gender, may serve as novel biomarkers for longevity-extending interventions. In summary, we identified gene body hypermethylation as a novel and partly conserved signature of lifespan-extending interventions in mouse, highlighting epigenetic reprogramming as a possible intervention to improve health at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hahn
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Stubbs
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andreas Beyer
- Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Rader EP, Naimo MA, Ensey J, Baker BA. VCAM-1 upregulation accompanies muscle remodeling following resistance-type exercise in Snell dwarf (Pit1 dw/dw ) mice. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12816. [PMID: 29992743 PMCID: PMC6156491 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Snell dwarf mice (Pit1dw/dw ) exhibit deficiencies in growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid stimulating hormone. Besides being an experimental model of hypopituitarism, these mice are long-lived (>40% lifespan extension) and utilized as a model of slowed/delayed aging. Whether this longevity is accompanied by a compromised quality of life in terms of muscular performance has not yet been characterized. In this study, we investigated nontrained and trained muscles 1 month following a general validated resistance-type exercise protocol in 3-month-old Snell dwarf mice and control littermates. Nontrained Snell dwarf gastrocnemius muscles exhibited a 1.3-fold greater muscle mass to body weight ratio than control values although muscle quality, maximum isometric torque normalized to muscle mass, and fatigue recovery were compromised. For control mice, training increased isometric torque (17%) without altering muscle mass. For Snell dwarf mice, isometric torque was unaltered by training despite decreased muscle mass that rendered muscle mass to body weight ratio comparable to control values. Muscle quality and fatigue recovery improved twofold and threefold, respectively, for Snell dwarf mice. This accompanied a fourfold increase in levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a mediator of progenitor cell recruitment, and muscle remodeling in the form of increased number of central nuclei, additional muscle fibers per unit area, and altered fiber type distribution. These results reveal a trade-off between muscle quality and longevity in the context of anterior pituitary hormone deficiency and that resistance-type training can diminish this trade-off by improving muscle quality concomitant with VCAM-1 upregulation and muscle remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P. Rader
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Marshall A. Naimo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Morgantown West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology; West Virginia School of Medicine; Morgantown West Virginia
| | - James Ensey
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Brent A. Baker
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Morgantown West Virginia
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28
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Garratt M, Nakagawa S, Simons MJP. Life-span Extension With Reduced Somatotrophic Signaling: Moderation of Aging Effect by Signal Type, Sex, and Experimental Cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1620-1626. [PMID: 28207064 PMCID: PMC5861954 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced somatotrophic signaling through the growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor pathways (IGF1) can delay aging, although the degree of life-extension varies markedly across studies. By collating data from previous studies and using meta-analysis, we tested whether factors including sex, hormonal manipulation, body weight change and control baseline mortality quantitatively predict relative life-extension. Manipulations of GH signaling (including pituitary and direct GH deficiencies) generate significantly greater extension in median life span than IGF1 manipulations (including IGF1 production, reception, and bioactivity), producing a consistent shift in mortality risk of mutant mice. Reduced Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) expression produces more similar life-extension to reduced GH, although effects are more heterogeneous and appear to influence the demography of mortality differently. Life-extension with reduced IGF1 signaling, but neither GH nor IRS signaling, increases life span significantly more in females than males, and in cohorts where control survival is short. Our results thus suggest that reduced GH signaling has physiological benefits to survival outside of its actions on circulating IGF1. In addition to these biological moderators, we found an overrepresentation of small sample sized studies that report large improvements in survival, indicating potential publication bias. We discuss how this could potentially confound current conclusions from published work, and how this warrants further study replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Garratt
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution and Ecology Research Group and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mirre J P Simons
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK
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29
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Victoria B, Nunez Lopez YO, Masternak MM. MicroRNAs and the metabolic hallmarks of aging. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:131-147. [PMID: 28062199 PMCID: PMC5724961 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging, the natural process of growing older, is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological homeostasis at the cellular, tissue, and organismal level. Metabolically, the aging process is characterized by extensive changes in body composition, multi-tissue/multi-organ insulin resistance, and physiological declines in multiple signaling pathways including growth hormone, insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1, and sex steroids regulation. With this review, we intend to consolidate published information about microRNAs that regulate critical metabolic processes relevant to aging. In certain occasions we uncover relationships likely relevant to aging, which has not been directly described before, such as the miR-451/AMPK axis. We have also included a provocative section highlighting the potential role in aging of a new designation of miRNAs, namely fecal miRNAs, recently discovered to regulate intestinal microbiota in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Victoria
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
| | - Yury O Nunez Lopez
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism & Diabetes. Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton St, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
| | - Michal M Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866, Poznan, Poland.
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30
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Pan Y, Lü P, Wang Q, Zhu F, Li C, He Y, Chen K. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of Bombyx mori fat body tissue following dietary restriction. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 95:e21388. [PMID: 28449399 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) refers to a reduction in food intake to induce undernutrition but not malnutrition, which extends the lifespan of multiple species. Although there are invertebrate aging models, such as the Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, aging studies in Lepidoptera are few in number and the underlying life-extending molecular mechanisms are not clear. Research on a broader range of animals is necessary to support generalizations on mechanisms of aging and rates of aging. The aim of this study was to further investigate genes and pathways associated with DR in Bombyx mori. Here, we used mRNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) to further investigate genes and pathways associated with DR. The transcriptome profiles showed that most of the differentially expressed genes were upregulated following DR, and genes involved in amino acid and protein metabolism, RNA metabolism and translation, energy metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and juvenile hormone pathway-related proteins were particularly affected. DR also affects the metabolism of uric acid and urea, which accumulated in silkworm following DR. We speculate that this may not be due to activation of uric acid biosynthesis, but rather by downregulating the degradation of uric acid and urea. These results may help us to understand the mechanisms by which DR prolong lifespan in insects and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- The Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Lü
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qinyun Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuanqing He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- The Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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31
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Brooks RC, Garratt MG. Life history evolution, reproduction, and the origins of sex-dependent aging and longevity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1389:92-107. [PMID: 28009055 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Males and females in many species differ in how they age and how long they live. These differences have motivated much research, concerning both their evolution and the underlying mechanisms that cause them. We review how differences in male and female life histories have evolved to shape patterns of aging and some of the mechanisms and pathways involved. We pay particular attention to three areas where considerable potential for synergy between mechanistic and evolutionary research exists: (1) the role of estrogens, androgens, the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway, and the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway in sex-dependent growth and reproduction; (2) sexual conflict over mating rate and fertility, and how mate presence or mating can become an avenue for males and females to directly affect each other's life span; and (3) the link between dietary restriction and aging, and the emerging understanding that only the restriction of certain nutrients is involved and that this is linked to reproduction. We suggest that ideas about life histories, sex-dependent selection, and sexual conflict can inform and be informed by the ever more refined and complex understanding of the mechanisms that cause aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Brooks
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael G Garratt
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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32
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Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone released from pituitary somatotrope cells that promotes growth, cell division and regeneration by acting directly through the GH receptor (GHR), or indirectly via hepatic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) production. GH deficiency (GHD) can cause severe consequences, such as growth failure, changes in body composition and altered insulin sensitivity, depending of the origin, time of onset (childhood or adulthood) or duration of GHD. The highly variable clinical phenotypes of GHD can now be better understood through research on transgenic and naturally-occurring animal models, which are widely employed to investigate the origin, phenotype, and consequences of GHD, and particularly the underlying mechanisms of metabolic disorders associated to GHD. Here, we reviewed the most salient aspects of GH biology, from somatotrope development to GH actions, linked to certain GHD types, as well as the animal models employed to reproduce these GHD-associated alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Gahete
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Raul M Luque
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain.
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33
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Ma S, Upneja A, Galecki A, Tsai YM, Burant CF, Raskind S, Zhang Q, Zhang ZD, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V, Clish CB, Miller RA, Gladyshev VN. Cell culture-based profiling across mammals reveals DNA repair and metabolism as determinants of species longevity. eLife 2016; 5:e19130. [PMID: 27874830 PMCID: PMC5148604 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian lifespan differs by >100 fold, but the mechanisms associated with such longevity differences are not understood. Here, we conducted a study on primary skin fibroblasts isolated from 16 species of mammals and maintained under identical cell culture conditions. We developed a pipeline for obtaining species-specific ortholog sequences, profiled gene expression by RNA-seq and small molecules by metabolite profiling, and identified genes and metabolites correlating with species longevity. Cells from longer lived species up-regulated genes involved in DNA repair and glucose metabolism, down-regulated proteolysis and protein transport, and showed high levels of amino acids but low levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine. The amino acid patterns were recapitulated by further analyses of primate and bird fibroblasts. The study suggests that fibroblast profiling captures differences in longevity across mammals at the level of global gene expression and metabolite levels and reveals pathways that define these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Ma
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Akhil Upneja
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Andrzej Galecki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
- Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Yi-Miau Tsai
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
- Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Sasha Raskind
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Zhengdong D Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | | | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
- Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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34
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Kõks S, Dogan S, Tuna BG, González-Navarro H, Potter P, Vandenbroucke RE. Mouse models of ageing and their relevance to disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:41-53. [PMID: 27717883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a process that gradually increases the organism's vulnerability to death. It affects different biological pathways, and the underlying cellular mechanisms are complex. In view of the growing disease burden of ageing populations, increasing efforts are being invested in understanding the pathways and mechanisms of ageing. We review some mouse models commonly used in studies on ageing, highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the different strategies, and discuss their relevance to disease susceptibility. In addition to addressing the genetics and phenotypic analysis of mice, we discuss examples of models of delayed or accelerated ageing and their modulation by caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulev Kõks
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia and Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Soner Dogan
- Yeditepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bilge Guvenc Tuna
- Yeditepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Herminia González-Navarro
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paul Potter
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK.
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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35
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Mitchell SJ, Madrigal-Matute J, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Fang E, Aon M, González-Reyes JA, Cortassa S, Kaushik S, Gonzalez-Freire M, Patel B, Wahl D, Ali A, Calvo-Rubio M, Burón MI, Guiterrez V, Ward TM, Palacios HH, Cai H, Frederick DW, Hine C, Broeskamp F, Habering L, Dawson J, Beasley TM, Wan J, Ikeno Y, Hubbard G, Becker KG, Zhang Y, Bohr VA, Longo DL, Navas P, Ferrucci L, Sinclair DA, Cohen P, Egan JM, Mitchell JR, Baur JA, Allison DB, Anson RM, Villalba JM, Madeo F, Cuervo AM, Pearson KJ, Ingram DK, Bernier M, de Cabo R. Effects of Sex, Strain, and Energy Intake on Hallmarks of Aging in Mice. Cell Metab 2016; 23:1093-1112. [PMID: 27304509 PMCID: PMC4911707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is the most robust non-genetic intervention to delay aging. However, there are a number of emerging experimental variables that alter CR responses. We investigated the role of sex, strain, and level of CR on health and survival in mice. CR did not always correlate with lifespan extension, although it consistently improved health across strains and sexes. Transcriptional and metabolomics changes driven by CR in liver indicated anaplerotic filling of the Krebs cycle together with fatty acid fueling of mitochondria. CR prevented age-associated decline in the liver proteostasis network while increasing mitochondrial number, preserving mitochondrial ultrastructure and function with age. Abrogation of mitochondrial function negated life-prolonging effects of CR in yeast and worms. Our data illustrate the complexity of CR in the context of aging, with a clear separation of outcomes related to health and survival, highlighting complexities of translation of CR into human interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Mitchell
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evandro Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Miguel Aon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - José A González-Reyes
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sonia Cortassa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Susmita Kaushik
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Bindi Patel
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Devin Wahl
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Miguel Calvo-Rubio
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María I Burón
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vincent Guiterrez
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Theresa M Ward
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hector H Palacios
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Huan Cai
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David W Frederick
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Hine
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Filomena Broeskamp
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, and BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Habering
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, and BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - John Dawson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; GRECC, Birmingham/Atlanta Veterans Administration Hospital, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - T Mark Beasley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; GRECC, Birmingham/Atlanta Veterans Administration Hospital, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Gene Hubbard
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dan L Longo
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David B Allison
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; GRECC, Birmingham/Atlanta Veterans Administration Hospital, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - R Michael Anson
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - José M Villalba
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, and BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kevin J Pearson
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, C.T. Wethington Building, Room 591, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donald K Ingram
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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36
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Riera CE, Dillin A. Can aging be 'drugged'? Nat Med 2016; 21:1400-5. [PMID: 26646496 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The engines that drive the complex process of aging are being identified by model-organism research, thereby providing potential targets and rationale for drug studies. Several studies of small molecules have already been completed in animal models with the hope of finding an elixir for aging, with a few compounds showing early promise. What lessons can we learn from drugs currently being tested, and which pitfalls can we avoid in our search for a therapeutic for aging? Finally, we must also ask whether an elixir for aging would be applicable to everyone, or whether we age differently, thus potentially shortening lifespan in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine E Riera
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.,Glenn Center for Research on Aging, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.,Glenn Center for Research on Aging, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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37
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Visser WE, Bombardieri CR, Zevenbergen C, Barnhoorn S, Ottaviani A, van der Pluijm I, Brandt R, Kaptein E, van Heerebeek R, van Toor H, Garinis GA, Peeters RP, Medici M, van Ham W, Vermeij WP, de Waard MC, de Krijger RR, Boelen A, Kwakkel J, Kopchick JJ, List EO, Melis JPM, Darras VM, Dollé MET, van der Horst GTJ, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Visser TJ. Tissue-Specific Suppression of Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Various Mouse Models of Aging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149941. [PMID: 26953569 PMCID: PMC4783069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage contributes to the process of aging, as underscored by premature aging syndromes caused by defective DNA repair. Thyroid state changes during aging, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Since thyroid hormone (TH) is a key regulator of metabolism, changes in TH signaling have widespread effects. Here, we reveal a significant common transcriptomic signature in livers from hypothyroid mice, DNA repair-deficient mice with severe (Csbm/m/Xpa-/-) or intermediate (Ercc1-/Δ-7) progeria and naturally aged mice. A strong induction of TH-inactivating deiodinase D3 and decrease of TH-activating D1 activities are observed in Csbm/m/Xpa-/- livers. Similar findings are noticed in Ercc1-/Δ-7, in naturally aged animals and in wild-type mice exposed to a chronic subtoxic dose of DNA-damaging agents. In contrast, TH signaling in muscle, heart and brain appears unaltered. These data show a strong suppression of TH signaling in specific peripheral organs in premature and normal aging, probably lowering metabolism, while other tissues appear to preserve metabolism. D3-mediated TH inactivation is unexpected, given its expression mainly in fetal tissues. Our studies highlight the importance of DNA damage as the underlying mechanism of changes in thyroid state. Tissue-specific regulation of deiodinase activities, ensuring diminished TH signaling, may contribute importantly to the protective metabolic response in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Edward Visser
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Cíntia R. Bombardieri
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Zevenbergen
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Barnhoorn
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Ottaviani
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), UMR 7284 CNRS U1081 INSERM UNS, 28 avenue de Valombrose Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Brandt
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kaptein
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hans van Toor
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George A. Garinis
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P. Peeters
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Medici
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willy van Ham
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Biology Department, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wilbert P. Vermeij
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C. de Waard
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anita Boelen
- Dept of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joan Kwakkel
- Dept of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Dept of Biomedical Sciences, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Edward O. List
- Dept of Biomedical Sciences, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joost P. M. Melis
- Dept of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle M. Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Biology Department, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martijn E. T. Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan H. J. Hoeijmakers
- MGC Dept of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. Visser
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Takeda T, Tanabe H. Lifespan and reproduction in brain-specific miR-29-knockdown mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:454-8. [PMID: 26902119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The microRNA miR-29 is widely distributed and highly expressed in adult mouse brain during the mouse's lifetime. We recently created conditional mutant mice whose miR-29 was brain-specifically knocked down through overexpression of an antisense RNA transgene against miR-29. To explore a role for brain miR-29 in maximizing organismal fitness, we assessed somatic growth, reproduction, and lifespan in the miR-29-knockdown (KD) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates. The KD mice were developmentally indistinguishable from WT mice with respect to gross morphology and physical activity. Fertility testing revealed that KD males were subfertile, whereas KD females were hyperfertile, only in terms of reproductive success, when compared to their gender-matched WT correspondents. Another phenotypic difference between KD and WT animals appeared in their lifespan data; KD males displayed an overall increasing tendency in post-reproductive survival relative to WT males. In contrast, KD females were prone to shorter lifespans than WT females. These results clarify that brain-targeted miR-29 knockdown affects both lifespan and reproduction in a gender-dependent manner, and moreover that the reciprocal responsiveness to the miR-29 knockdown between these two phenotypes in both genders closely follow life-course models based on the classical trade-off prediction wherein elaborate early-life energetic investment in reproduction entails accelerated late-life declines in survival, and vice versa. Thus, this study identified miR-29 as the first mammalian miRNA that is directly implicated in the lifetime trade-off between the two major fitness components, lifespan and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takeda
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanabe
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
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Thompson ACS, Bruss MD, Price JC, Khambatta CF, Holmes WE, Colangelo M, Dalidd M, Roberts LS, Astle CM, Harrison DE, Hellerstein MK. Reduced in vivo hepatic proteome replacement rates but not cell proliferation rates predict maximum lifespan extension in mice. Aging Cell 2016; 15:118-27. [PMID: 26541492 PMCID: PMC4717272 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Combating the social and economic consequences of a growing elderly population will require the identification of interventions that slow the development of age-related diseases. Preserved cellular homeostasis and delayed aging have been previously linked to reduced cell proliferation and protein synthesis rates. To determine whether changes in these processes may contribute to or predict delayed aging in mammals, we measured cell proliferation rates and the synthesis and replacement rates (RRs) of over a hundred hepatic proteins in vivo in three different mouse models of extended maximum lifespan (maxLS): Snell Dwarf, calorie-restricted (CR), and rapamycin (Rapa)-treated mice. Cell proliferation rates were not consistently reduced across the models. In contrast, reduced hepatic protein RRs (longer half-lives) were observed in all three models compared to controls. Intriguingly, the degree of mean hepatic protein RR reduction was significantly correlated with the degree of maxLS extension across the models and across different Rapa doses. Absolute rates of hepatic protein synthesis were reduced in Snell Dwarf and CR, but not Rapa-treated mice. Hepatic chaperone levels were unchanged or reduced and glutathione S-transferase synthesis was preserved or increased in all three models, suggesting a reduced demand for protein renewal, possibly due to reduced levels of unfolded or damaged proteins. These data demonstrate that maxLS extension in mammals is associated with improved hepatic proteome homeostasis, as reflected by a reduced demand for protein renewal, and that reduced hepatic protein RRs hold promise as an early biomarker and potential target for interventions that delay aging in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airlia C. S. Thompson
- Department of Nutritional Science and ToxicologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Matthew D. Bruss
- Department of Nutritional Science and ToxicologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- PPD Inc.MiddletonWI53562USA
| | - John C. Price
- KineMed Inc.EmeryvilleCA94608USA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBrigham Young UniversityProvoUT84602USA
| | | | | | - Marc Colangelo
- Department of Nutritional Science and ToxicologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- KineMed Inc.EmeryvilleCA94608USA
| | - Marcy Dalidd
- Department of Nutritional Science and ToxicologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- KineMed Inc.EmeryvilleCA94608USA
| | - Lindsay S. Roberts
- Department of Nutritional Science and ToxicologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | | | | | - Marc K. Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Science and ToxicologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- KineMed Inc.EmeryvilleCA94608USA
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40
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Dantzer B, Fletcher QE. Telomeres shorten more slowly in slow-aging wild animals than in fast-aging ones. Exp Gerontol 2015; 71:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Drake JC, Bruns DR, Peelor FF, Biela LM, Miller RA, Miller BF, Hamilton KL. Long-lived Snell dwarf mice display increased proteostatic mechanisms that are not dependent on decreased mTORC1 activity. Aging Cell 2015; 14:474-82. [PMID: 25720574 PMCID: PMC4406676 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining proteostasis is thought to be a key factor in slowed aging. In several growth-restricted models of long-life, we have shown evidence of increased proteostatic mechanisms, suggesting that proteostasis may be a shared characteristic of slowed aging. The Snell dwarf mouse is generated through the mutation of the Pit-1 locus causing reductions in multiple hormonal growth factors and mTORC1 signaling. Snell dwarfs are one of the longest lived rodent models of slowed aging. We hypothesized that proteostatic mechanisms would be increased in Snell compared to control (Con) as in other models of slowed aging. Using D2O, we simultaneously assessed protein synthesis in multiple subcellular fractions along with DNA synthesis in skeletal muscle, heart, and liver over 2 weeks in both sexes. We also assessed mTORC1-substrate phosphorylation. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis was decreased in all protein fractions of Snell compared to Con, varied by fraction in heart, and was not different between groups in liver. DNA synthesis was lower in Snell skeletal muscle and heart but not in liver when compared to Con. The new protein to new DNA synthesis ratio was increased threefold in Snell skeletal muscle and heart compared to Con. Snell mTORC1-substrate phosphorylation was decreased only in heart and liver. No effect of sex was seen in this study. Together with our previous investigations in long-lived models, we provide evidence further supporting proteostasis as a shared characteristic of slowed aging and show that increased proteostatic mechanisms may not necessarily require a decrease in mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Drake
- Health and Exercise Science Department Colorado State University 220 Moby B ComplexFort Collins CO 80523‐1582USA
| | - Danielle R. Bruns
- Health and Exercise Science Department Colorado State University 220 Moby B ComplexFort Collins CO 80523‐1582USA
| | - Frederick F. Peelor
- Health and Exercise Science Department Colorado State University 220 Moby B ComplexFort Collins CO 80523‐1582USA
| | - Laurie M. Biela
- Health and Exercise Science Department Colorado State University 220 Moby B ComplexFort Collins CO 80523‐1582USA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center University of Michigan 109 Zina Pitcher PlaceAnn Arbor MI 48109‐2200USA
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Health and Exercise Science Department Colorado State University 220 Moby B ComplexFort Collins CO 80523‐1582USA
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Health and Exercise Science Department Colorado State University 220 Moby B ComplexFort Collins CO 80523‐1582USA
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42
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Hill CM, Arum O, Boparai RK, Wang F, Fang Y, Sun LY, Masternak MM, Bartke A. Female PAPP-A knockout mice are resistant to metabolic dysfunction induced by high-fat/high-sucrose feeding at middle age. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9765. [PMID: 25953669 PMCID: PMC4424199 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Longevity and aging are influenced by common intracellular signals of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 pathway. Abnormally high levels of bioactive IGF-1 increase the development of various cancers and may contribute to metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance. Enhanced availability of IGF-1 is promoted by cleavage of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) by proteases, including the pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA). In vitro, PAPP-A is regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Mice born with deficiency of the Papp-a gene (PAPP-A knockout (KO) mice) live ~30-40 % longer than their normal littermates and have decreased bioactive IGF-1 on standard diets. Our objective was to elucidate how the effects of high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHS) promote obesity, induce metabolic dysfunction, and alter systemic cytokine expression in PAPP-A KO and normal mice. PAPP-A KO mice fed HFHS diet for 10 weeks were more glucose tolerant and had enhanced insulin sensitivity compared to normal mice fed HFHS diet. PAPP-A KO mice fed HFHS diet had lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α) compared to normal mice fed the same diet. However, anti-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-4 and adiponectin) were higher in PAPP-A KO mice fed HFHS diet compared to normal mice fed HFHS. Circulating PAPP-A levels were elevated in normal mice fed an HFHS diet compared to normal mice fed a standard, low-fat, low-sucrose (LFLS) diet. Indirect calorimetry showed, at 10 weeks of feeding HFHS diet, significantly increased oxygen consumption (VO2) in PAPP-A KO mice fed HFHS diet compared to normal mice fed the same diet. Furthermore, respiratory quotient (RQ) was significantly lower in PAPP-A KO mice fed HFHS diet compared to normal (N) mice fed HFHS diet indicating PAPP-A KO mice fed HFHS diet are able to rely on fat as their primary source of energy more so than normal controls. We conclude that PAPP-A KO mice are resistant to the HFHS diet induction of metabolic dysfunction associated with higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and a remarkably metabolic flexible phenotype and that some of the effects of HFHS diet in normal animals may be due to increased levels of PAPP-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristal M. Hill
- />Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL USA
- />Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - Oge Arum
- />Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
- />631 N. 6th St., Springfield, IL 62702 USA
| | - Ravneet K. Boparai
- />Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - Feiya Wang
- />Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - Yimin Fang
- />Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - Liou Y. Sun
- />Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - Michal M. Masternak
- />Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- />Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL USA
- />Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
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Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase type 5 increases longevity and healthful aging through oxidative stress protection. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:250310. [PMID: 25945149 PMCID: PMC4405291 DOI: 10.1155/2015/250310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mice with disruption of adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5 knockout, KO) live a third longer than littermates. The mechanism, in part, involves the MEK/ERK pathway, which in turn is related to protection against oxidative stress. The AC5 KO model also protects against diabetes, obesity, and the cardiomyopathy induced by aging, diabetes, and cardiac stress and also demonstrates improved exercise capacity. All of these salutary features are also mediated, in part, by oxidative stress protection. For example, chronic beta adrenergic receptor stimulation induced cardiomyopathy was rescued by AC5 KO. Conversely, in AC5 transgenic (Tg) mice, where AC5 is overexpressed in the heart, the cardiomyopathy was exacerbated and was rescued by enhancing oxidative stress resistance. Thus, the AC5 KO model, which resists oxidative stress, is uniquely designed for clinical translation, since it not only increases longevity and exercise, but also protects against diabetes, obesity, and cardiomyopathy. Importantly, inhibition of AC5's action to prolong longevity and enhance healthful aging, as well as its mechanism through resistance to oxidative stress, is unique among all of the nine AC isoforms.
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44
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Riera CE, Huising MO, Follett P, Leblanc M, Halloran J, Van Andel R, de Magalhaes Filho CD, Merkwirth C, Dillin A. TRPV1 pain receptors regulate longevity and metabolism by neuropeptide signaling. Cell 2014; 157:1023-36. [PMID: 24855942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The sensation of pain is associated with increased mortality, but it is unknown whether pain perception can directly affect aging. We find that mice lacking TRPV1 pain receptors are long-lived, displaying a youthful metabolic profile at old age. Loss of TRPV1 inactivates a calcium-signaling cascade that ends in the nuclear exclusion of the CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator CRTC1 within pain sensory neurons originating from the spinal cord. In long-lived TRPV1 knockout mice, CRTC1 nuclear exclusion decreases production of the neuropeptide CGRP from sensory endings innervating the pancreatic islets, subsequently promoting insulin secretion and metabolic health. In contrast, CGRP homeostasis is disrupted with age in wild-type mice, resulting in metabolic decline. We show that pharmacologic inactivation of CGRP receptors in old wild-type animals can restore metabolic health. These data suggest that ablation of select pain sensory receptors or the inhibition of CGRP are associated with increased metabolic health and control longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline E Riera
- Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; The Glenn Center for Aging Research, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mark O Huising
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Patricia Follett
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; The Glenn Center for Aging Research, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mathias Leblanc
- The Glenn Center for Aging Research, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan Halloran
- Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Roger Van Andel
- Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Carsten Merkwirth
- The Glenn Center for Aging Research, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; The Glenn Center for Aging Research, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Mulvey L, Sinclair A, Selman C. Lifespan modulation in mice and the confounding effects of genetic background. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:497-503. [PMID: 25269675 PMCID: PMC4257991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We are currently in the midst of a revolution in ageing research, with several dietary, genetic and pharmacological interventions now known to modulate ageing in model organisms. Excitingly, these interventions also appear to have beneficial effects on late-life health. For example, dietary restriction (DR) has been shown to slow the incidence of age-associated cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, cancer and brain ageing in non-human primates and has been shown to improve a range of health indices in humans. While the idea that DR's ability to extend lifespan is often thought of as being universal, studies in a range of organisms, including yeast, mice and monkeys, suggest that this may not actually be the case. The precise reasons underlying these differential effects of DR on lifespan are currently unclear, but genetic background may be an important factor in how an individual responds to DR. Similarly, recent findings also suggest that the responsiveness of mice to specific genetic or pharmacological interventions that modulate ageing may again be influenced by genetic background. Consequently, while there is a clear driver to develop interventions to improve late-life health and vitality, understanding precisely how these act in response to particular genotypes is critical if we are to translate these findings to humans. We will consider of the role of genetic background in the efficacy of various lifespan interventions and discuss potential routes of utilising genetic heterogeneity to further understand how particular interventions modulate lifespan and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Mulvey
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Amy Sinclair
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Heintz C, Mair W. You are what you host: microbiome modulation of the aging process. Cell 2014; 156:408-11. [PMID: 24485451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The critical impact that microbiota have on health and disease makes the interaction between host and microbiome increasingly important as we evaluate therapeutics. Here, we highlight growing evidence that, beyond disease, microbes also affect the most fundamental of host physiological phenotypes, the rate of aging itself.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Mair
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Xu J, Gontier G, Chaker Z, Lacube P, Dupont J, Holzenberger M. Longevity effect of IGF-1R(+/-) mutation depends on genetic background-specific receptor activation. Aging Cell 2014; 13:19-28. [PMID: 23898955 PMCID: PMC4326867 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling regulates lifespan in mice. The modulating effects of genetic background gained much attention because it was shown that life-prolonging effects in Snell dwarf and GH receptor knockout vary between mouse strains. We previously reported that heterozygous IGF-1R inactivation (IGF-1R(+/-) ) extends lifespan in female mice on 129/SvPas background, but it remained unclear whether this mutation produces a similar effect in other genetic backgrounds and which molecules possibly modify this effect. Here, we measured the life-prolonging effect of IGF-1R(+/-) mutation in C57BL/6J background and investigated the role of insulin/IGF signaling molecules in strain-dependent differences. We found significant lifespan extension in female IGF-1R(+/-) mutants on C57BL/6J background, but the effect was smaller than in 129/SvPas, suggesting strain-specific penetrance of longevity phenotypes. Comparing GH/IGF pathways between wild-type 129/SvPas and C57BL/6J mice, we found that circulating IGF-I and activation of IGF-1R, IRS-1, and IRS-2 were markedly elevated in 129/SvPas, while activation of IGF pathways was constitutively low in spontaneously long-lived C57BL/6J mice. Importantly, we demonstrated that loss of one IGF-1R allele diminished the level of activated IGF-1R and IRS more profoundly and triggered stronger endocrine feedback in 129/SvPas background than in C57BL/6J. We also revealed that acute oxidative stress entails robust IGF-1R pathway activation, which could account for the fact that IGF-1R(+/-) stress resistance phenotypes are fully penetrant in both backgrounds. Together, these results provide a possible explanation why IGF-1R(+/-) was less efficient in extending lifespan in C57BL/6J compared with 129/SvPas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- INSERM; Hôpital Saint-Antoine; Paris 75012 France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; UPMC; Paris 75005 France
| | - Géraldine Gontier
- INSERM; Hôpital Saint-Antoine; Paris 75012 France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; UPMC; Paris 75005 France
| | - Zayna Chaker
- INSERM; Hôpital Saint-Antoine; Paris 75012 France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; UPMC; Paris 75005 France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université Paris Descartes; Paris 75006 France
| | - Philippe Lacube
- INSERM; Hôpital Saint-Antoine; Paris 75012 France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; UPMC; Paris 75005 France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRA UMR7247; Nouzilly 37380 France
- CNRS UMR6175; Nouzilly 37380 France
- Université François Rabelais; Tours 37041 France
| | - Martin Holzenberger
- INSERM; Hôpital Saint-Antoine; Paris 75012 France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; UPMC; Paris 75005 France
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Nidadavolu LS, Niedernhofer LJ, Khan SA. Identification of microRNAs dysregulated in cellular senescence driven by endogenous genotoxic stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:460-73. [PMID: 23852002 PMCID: PMC3824412 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
XFE progeroid syndrome, a disease of accelerated aging caused by deficiency in the DNA repair endonuclease XPF-ERCC1, is modeled by Ercc1 knockout and hypomorphic mice. Tissues and primary cells from these mice senesce prematurely, offering a unique opportunity to identify factors that regulate senescence and aging. We compared microRNA (miRNA) expression in Ercc1−/− primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and wild-type (WT) MEFs in different growth conditions to identify miRNAs that drive cellular senescence. Microarray analysis showed three differentially expressed miRNAs in passage 7 (P7) Ercc1−/− MEFs grown at 20% O2 compared to Ercc1−/− MEFs grown at 3% O2. Thirty-six differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in Ercc1−/− MEFs at P7 compared to early passage (P3) in 3% O2. Eight of these miRNAs (miR-449a, miR-455*, miR-128, miR-497, miR-543, miR-450b-3p, miR-872 and miR-10b) were similarly downregulated in the liver of progeroid Ercc1−/Δ and old WT mice compared to adult WT mice, a tissue that senesces with aging. Three miRNAs (miR-449a, miR-455* and miR-128) were also downregulated in Ercc1−/Δ and WT old mice kidneys compared to young WT mice. We also discovered that the miRNA expression regulator Dicer is significantly downregulated in tissues of old mice and late passage cells compared to young controls. Collectively these results support the conclusion that the miRNAs identified may play an important role in staving off cellular senescence and their altered expression could be indicative of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolita S Nidadavolu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) regulates body size and fat metabolism in mice. Transgenic Res 2013; 23:165-75. [PMID: 24036888 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by fibrillar collagens, which act as its endogenous ligand. DDR2 regulates cell proliferation, cell adhesion, migration, extracellular matrix remodeling and reproductive functions. Both DDR2 null allele mice and mice with a recessive, loss-of-function allele for Ddr2 exhibit dwarfing and a reduction in body weight. However, the detailed mechanisms by which DDR2 exerts its positive systemic regulation of whole body size, local skeletal size and fat tissue volume remain to be clarified. To investigate the systemic role of DDR2 in body size regulation, we produced transgenic mice in which the DDR2 protein is overexpressed, then screened the transgenic mice for abnormalities using systematic mouse abnormality screening. The modified-SHIPRA screen revealed that only the parameter of body size was significantly different among the genotypes. We also discovered that the body length was significantly increased, while the body weight was significantly decreased in transgenic mice compared to their littermate controls. We also found that the epididymal fat pads were significantly decreased in transgenic mice compared to normal littermate mice, which may have been the cause of the leptin decrement in the transgenic mice. The new insight that DDR2 might promote metabolism in adipocyte cells is very interesting, but more experiments will be needed to elucidate the direct relation between DDR2 and adipose-derived hormones. Taken together, our data demonstrated that DDR2 might play a systemic role in the regulation of body size thorough skeletal formation and fat metabolism.
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