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Kutralam-Muniasamy G, Shruti VC, Pérez-Guevara F. Plastisphere-hosted viruses: A review of interactions, behavior, and effects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134533. [PMID: 38749241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Microbial communities, including bacteria, diatoms, and fungi, colonize plastic surfaces, forming biofilms known as the "plastisphere." Recent research has revealed that plastispheres also host a wide range of viruses, sparking interest in microbial ecology and virology. This shared habitat allows viruses to replicate, interact, infect, and spread, potentially impacting the environment and human health. Consequently, viruses attached to microplastics are now recognized to have broad effects on cellular and immune responses. However, the ecology and implications of viruses hosted in plastisphere habitats remain poorly understood, highlighting their fundamental importance as a subject of study. This review explores various pathways for virus attachment to plastispheres, factors influencing these interactions, their impacts within plastisphere and host-associated environments, and associated issues. It also summarizes current research and identifies knowledge gaps. We anticipate that this paper will help improve our predictive understanding of plastisphere viruses in natural settings and emphasizes the need for more research in real-world environments to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Ciudad de México, México.
| | - V C Shruti
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fermín Pérez-Guevara
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Ciudad de México, México; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Program, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Ciudad de México, México
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2
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Goitom E, Ariano S, Gilbride K, Yang MI, Edwards EA, Peng H, Dannah N, Farahbakhsh F, Hataley E, Sarvi H, Sun J, Waseem H, Oswald C. Identification of environmental and methodological factors driving variability of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) across three wastewater treatment plants in the City of Toronto. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172917. [PMID: 38701931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
PMMoV has been widely used to normalize the concentration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to account for variations in the fecal content of wastewater. PMMoV is also used as an internal RNA recovery control for wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) tests. While potentially useful for the interpretation of WBE data, previous studies have suggested that PMMoV concentration can be affected by various physico-chemical characteristics of wastewater. There is also the possibility that laboratory methods, particularly the variability in centrifugation steps to remove supernatant from pellets can cause PMMoV variability. The goal of this study is to improve our understanding of the main drivers of PMMoV variability by assessing the relationship between PMMoV concentration, the physico-chemical characteristics of wastewater, and the methodological approach for concentrating wastewater samples. We analyzed 24-hour composite wastewater samples collected from the influent stream of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Samples were collected 3 to 5 times per week starting from the beginning of March 2021 to mid-July 2023. The influent flow rate was used to partition the data into wet and dry weather conditions. Physico-chemical characteristics (e.g., total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), alkalinity, electrical conductivity (EC), and ammonia (NH3)) of the raw wastewater were measured, and PMMoV was quantified. Spatial and temporal variability of PMMoV was observed throughout the study period. PMMoV concentration was significantly higher during dry weather conditions. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrates that the number and type of physico-chemical parameters that drive PMMoV variability are site-specific, but overall BOD and alkalinity were the most important predictors. Differences in PMMoV concentration for a single WWTP between two different laboratory methods, along with a weak correlation between pellet mass and TSS using one method may indicate that differences in sample concentration and subjective subsampling bias could alter viral recovery and introduce variability to the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyerusalem Goitom
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada
| | - Sarah Ariano
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Canada
| | - Kim Gilbride
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada
| | - Minqing Ivy Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada; School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Nora Dannah
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada
| | - Farnaz Farahbakhsh
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada
| | - Eden Hataley
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada
| | - Hooman Sarvi
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada
| | - Jianxian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Hassan Waseem
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada
| | - Claire Oswald
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada.
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3
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Hayes EK, Gagnon GA. From capture to detection: A critical review of passive sampling techniques for pathogen surveillance in water and wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:122024. [PMID: 38986282 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Water quality, critical for human survival and well-being, necessitates rigorous control to mitigate contamination risks, particularly from pathogens amid expanding urbanization. Consequently, the necessity to maintain the microbiological safety of water supplies demands effective surveillance strategies, reliant on the collection of representative samples and precise measurement of contaminants. This review critically examines the advancements of passive sampling techniques for monitoring pathogens in various water systems, including wastewater, freshwater, and seawater. We explore the evolution from conventional materials to innovative adsorbents for pathogen capture and the shift from culture-based to molecular detection methods, underscoring the adaptation of this field to global health challenges. The comparison highlights passive sampling's efficacy over conventional techniques like grab sampling and its potential to overcome existing sampling challenges through the use of innovative materials such as granular activated carbon, thermoplastics, and polymer membranes. By critically evaluating the literature, this work identifies standardization gaps and proposes future research directions to augment passive sampling's efficiency, specificity, and utility in environmental and public health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emalie K Hayes
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Graham A Gagnon
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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4
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Yadav P, Quattrone A, Yang Y, Owens J, Kiat R, Kuppusamy T, Russo SE, Weber KA. Zea mays genotype influences microbial and viral rhizobiome community structure. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:129. [PMID: 38057501 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant genotype is recognized to contribute to variations in microbial community structure in the rhizosphere, soil adherent to roots. However, the extent to which the viral community varies has remained poorly understood and has the potential to contribute to variation in soil microbial communities. Here we cultivated replicates of two Zea mays genotypes, parviglumis and B73, in a greenhouse and harvested the rhizobiome (rhizoplane and rhizosphere) to identify the abundance of cells and viruses as well as rhizobiome microbial and viral community using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and genome resolved metagenomics. Our results demonstrated that viruses exceeded microbial abundance in the rhizobiome of parviglumis and B73 with a significant variation in both the microbial and viral community between the two genotypes. Of the viral contigs identified only 4.5% (n = 7) of total viral contigs were shared between the two genotypes, demonstrating that plants even at the level of genotype can significantly alter the surrounding soil viral community. An auxiliary metabolic gene associated with glycoside hydrolase (GH5) degradation was identified in one viral metagenome-assembled genome (vOTU) identified in the B73 rhizobiome infecting Propionibacteriaceae (Actinobacteriota) further demonstrating the viral contribution in metabolic potential for carbohydrate degradation and carbon cycling in the rhizosphere. This variation demonstrates the potential of plant genotype to contribute to microbial and viral heterogeneity in soil systems and harbors genes capable of contributing to carbon cycling in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yadav
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Amanda Quattrone
- Complex Biosystems, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yuguo Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jacob Owens
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- University of Nebraska-Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rebecca Kiat
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Sabrina E Russo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Karrie A Weber
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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5
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Andrianjakarivony FH, Bettarel Y, Cecchi P, Bouchard S, Chase E, Desnues C. Decoding the DNA and RNA viromes of a tropical urban lagoon. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2368-2387. [PMID: 37431274 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Human and livestock sewage is one of the major causes of excess nutrients, leading to the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems and potentially to the emergence or spread of pathogenic viruses. This study aimed to investigate the composition and diversity of aquatic viromes in a highly anthropized lagoon, to identify the presence of pathogenic taxa and to explore their use as possible viral indicators of faecal contamination. For this, water and sediment samples were collected in the Ebrié Lagoon (Ivory Coast) at seven stations with contrasting levels of eutrophication. The DNA viromes of the planktonic and the benthic compartments were highly divergent, but were not influenced by the level of eutrophication. Conversely, the RNA viromes in the water column were comparable to those found in sediment, but showed significant differences between the stations. We detected the presence of viral DNA and RNA sequences we had assigned as indicators of faecal contamination (smacovirus, pecovirus and pepper mild mottle virus) as well as human pathogens (human cyclovirus, coxsackie B virus and picobirnavirus), which were all enriched in the most eutrophicated sites. These findings suggest that the examination of viromes represents a promising tool for assessing the state of human-induced contamination of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felana Harilanto Andrianjakarivony
- Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny, and Infection (MEФI), IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Microbiologie Environnementale Biotechnologie (MEB), Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, France
| | - Yvan Bettarel
- Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation & Conservation (MARBEC), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Cecchi
- Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation & Conservation (MARBEC), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Bouchard
- Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny, and Infection (MEФI), IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Microbiologie Environnementale Biotechnologie (MEB), Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, France
| | - Emily Chase
- Microbiologie Environnementale Biotechnologie (MEB), Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, France
| | - Christelle Desnues
- Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny, and Infection (MEФI), IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Microbiologie Environnementale Biotechnologie (MEB), Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, France
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6
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Ouyang L, Wang N, Irudayaraj J, Majima T. Virus on surfaces: Chemical mechanism, influence factors, disinfection strategies, and implications for virus repelling surface design. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 320:103006. [PMID: 37778249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
While SARS-CoV-2 is generally under control, the question of variants and infections still persists. Fundamental information on how the virus interacts with inanimate surfaces commonly found in our daily life and when in contact with the skin will be helpful in developing strategies to inhibit the spread of the virus. Here in, a critically important review of current understanding of the interaction between virus and surface is summarized from chemistry point-of-view. The Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek and extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theories to model virus attachments on surfaces are introduced, along with the interaction type and strength, and quantification of each component. The virus survival and transfer are affected by a combination of biological, physical, and chemical parameters, as well as environmental parameters. The surface properties for virus and virus survival on typical surfaces such as metals, plastics, and glass are summarized. Attention is also paid to the transfer of virus to/from surfaces and skin. Typical virus disinfection strategies utilizing heat, light, chemicals, and ozone are discussed together with their disinfection mechanism. In the last section, design principles for virus repelling surface chemistry such as surperhydrophobic or surperhydrophilic surfaces are also introduced, to demonstrate how the integration of surface property control and advanced material fabrication can lead to the development of functional surfaces for mitigating the effect of viral infection upon contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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7
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Xiao Y, Zheng B, Ding X, Zheng P. Probing nanomechanical interactions of SARS-CoV-2 variants Omicron and XBB with common surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11268-11271. [PMID: 37664897 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02721j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has further raised concerns about viral transmission. A fundamental understanding of the intermolecular interactions between the coronavirus and different surfaces is needed to address the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through respiratory droplet-contaminated surfaces or fomites. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein is a key target for the adhesion of SARS-CoV-2 on the surface. To understand the effect of mutations on adhesion, atomic force microscopy-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (AFM-SMFS) was used to quantify the interactions between wild-type, Omicron, and XBB with several surfaces. The measurement revealed that RBD exhibits relatively higher forces on paper and gold surfaces, with the average force being 1.5 times greater compared to that on plastic surface. In addition, the force elevation on paper and gold surfaces for the variants can reach ∼28% relative to the wild type. These findings enhance our understanding of the nanomechanical interactions of the virus on common surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Peng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Zhong H, Wu M, Sonne C, Lam SS, Kwong RW, Jiang Y, Zhao X, Sun X, Zhang X, Li C, Li Y, Qu G, Jiang F, Shi H, Ji R, Ren H. The hidden risk of microplastic-associated pathogens in aquatic environments. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH 2023; 2:142-151. [PMID: 38074987 PMCID: PMC10702891 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Increasing studies of plastisphere have raised public concern about microplastics (MPs) as vectors for pathogens, especially in aquatic environments. However, the extent to which pathogens affect human health through MPs remains unclear, as controversies persist regarding the distinct pathogen colonization on MPs as well as the transmission routes and infection probability of MP-associated pathogens from water to humans. In this review, we critically discuss whether and how pathogens approach humans via MPs, shedding light on the potential health risks involved. Drawing on cutting-edge multidisciplinary research, we show that some MPs may facilitate the growth and long-range transmission of specific pathogens in aquatic environments, ultimately increasing the risk of infection in humans. We identify MP- and pathogen-rich settings, such as wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture farms, and swimming pools, as possible sites for human exposure to MP-associated pathogens. This review emphasizes the need for further research and targeted interventions to better understand and mitigate the potential health risks associated with MP-mediated pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhong
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengjie Wu
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Raymond W.M. Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Yuelu Jiang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rong Ji
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China
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9
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Zeng L, Li J, Lv M, Li Z, Yao L, Gao J, Wu Q, Wang Z, Yang X, Tang G, Qu G, Jiang G. Environmental Stability and Transmissibility of Enveloped Viruses at Varied Animate and Inanimate Interfaces. ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 1:15-31. [PMID: 37552709 PMCID: PMC10255587 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.3c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Enveloped viruses have been the leading causative agents of viral epidemics in the past decade, including the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. In epidemics caused by enveloped viruses, direct contact is a common route of infection, while indirect transmissions through the environment also contribute to the spread of the disease, although their significance remains controversial. Bridging the knowledge gap regarding the influence of interfacial interactions on the persistence of enveloped viruses in the environment reveals the transmission mechanisms when the virus undergoes mutations and prevents excessive disinfection during viral epidemics. Herein, from the perspective of the driving force, partition efficiency, and viral survivability at interfaces, we summarize the viral and environmental characteristics that affect the environmental transmission of viruses. We expect to provide insights for virus detection, environmental surveillance, and disinfection to limit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junya Li
- College of Sciences, Northeastern
University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Meilin Lv
- College of Sciences, Northeastern
University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zikang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ziniu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Institute of Environment and Health,
Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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DiPietro AG, Bryant SA, Zanger MM, Williamson KE. Understanding Viral Impacts in Soil Microbial Ecology Through the Persistence and Decay of Infectious Bacteriophages. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:276. [PMID: 37432469 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine bacteriophages have been well characterized in terms of decay rates, population dynamics in relation to their hosts, and their impacts on biogeochemical cycles in the global ocean. Knowledge in soil bacteriophage ecology lags considerably behind, with few studies documenting population dynamics with hosts and even fewer reporting phage decay rates. By using sterile soil or aquatic microcosms inoculated with single bacteriophage isolates, phage decay rates (loss of infectivity over time) were determined, independent of host interactions, for 5 model phage isolates. Decay rates varied by phage from 0.11-2.07% h-1 in soils to 0.07-0.28% h-1 in aquatic microcosms. For phages incubated in both soil and aquatic microcosms, the observed decay rate was consistently higher in soil microcosms than in aquatic microcosms by at least a factor of two. However, when decay rates for soil phage isolates in the present study were compared to those reported for marine and freshwater phage isolates from previous studies, the decay constants for soil phages were, on average, 4 times lower than those for aquatic phages. Slower rates of phage decay in soils indicate a lower turnover rate, which may have subsequent and potentially far-reaching impacts on virus-mediated mortality and bacterial activity. The wide range of decay rates observed in the present study and the lack of information on this critical aspect of virus-host dynamics in soil emphasizes the need for continued research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra G DiPietro
- Biology Department, The College of William and Mary, 3037 Integrated Science Center, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Shawn A Bryant
- Biology Department, The College of William and Mary, 3037 Integrated Science Center, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Matthew M Zanger
- Biology Department, The College of William and Mary, 3037 Integrated Science Center, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Kurt E Williamson
- Biology Department, The College of William and Mary, 3037 Integrated Science Center, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA.
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11
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Li L, Cai J, Eisenberg JNS, Goetsch HE, Love NG, Wigginton KR. Virus Emissions from Toilet Flushing: Comparing Urine-Diverting to Mix Flush Toilets. ACS ES&T WATER 2023; 3:457-464. [PMID: 36818380 PMCID: PMC9927869 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High levels of viruses can be found in human excrement from infected individuals, a fraction of which can be emitted from toilet flushing. Unlike the common mix flush toilet (MFT), the urine-diverting toilet (UDT) separates urine from the toilet water. Specific focus on urine-associated viruses is needed because the UDT can emit different levels of urine-associated and fecal-borne viruses and urine has different properties compared to feces that can affect emission levels (e.g., protein content). In this work, we quantified emission levels of surrogate bacteriophages for urine-associated and fecal-borne viruses, MS2 and T3, from flushing a UDT and an MFT, with and without protein in the water. Emission levels of viruses in the water of the UDT were lower than that of the MFT by up to 1.2-log10 and 1.3-log10 for T3 and MS2, respectively. If urine is completely diverted in the UDT, virus emissions can be reduced by up to 4-log10. Based on these results and typical levels in urine and feces, we estimate that up to 107 and 108 gene copies of human viruses per flush can be released from the UDT and MFT, respectively. Lower emissions observed with the UDT suggest reduced exposure to viruses from flushing the UDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Li
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jinyi Cai
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joseph N. S. Eisenberg
- Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Heather E. Goetsch
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nancy G. Love
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Krista R. Wigginton
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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12
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Surface characterization of alkane viral anchoring films prepared by titanate-assisted organosilanization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113136. [PMID: 36641873 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies of virus adsorption on surfaces with optimized properties have attracted a lot of interest, mainly due to the influence of the surface in the retention, orientation and stability of the viral capsids. Besides, viruses in whole or in parts can be used as cages or vectors in different areas, such as biomedicine and materials science. A key requirement for virus nanocage application is their physical properties, i.e. their mechanical response and the distribution of surface charge, which determine virus-substrate interactions and stability. In the present work we show two examples of viruses exhibiting strong surface interactions on homogeneous hydrophobic surfaces. The surfaces were prepared by titanate assisted organosilanization, a sol-gel spin coating process, followed by a mild annealing step. We show by surface and interface spectroscopies that the process allows trapping triethoxy-octylsilane (OCTS) molecules, exhibiting a hydrophobic alkane rich surface finishing. Furthermore, the surfaces remain flat and behave as more efficient sorptive surfaces for virus particles than mica or graphite (HOPG). Also, we determine by atomic force microscopy (AFM) the mechanical properties of two types of viruses (human adenovirus and reovirus) and compare the results obtained on the OCTS functionalized surfaces with those obtained on mica and HOPG. Finally, the TIPT+OCTS surfaces were validated as platforms for the morphological and mechanical characterization of virus particles by using adenovirus as initial model and using HOPG and mica as standard control surfaces. Then, the same characteristics were determined on reovirus using TIPT+OCTS and HOPG, as an original contribution to the catalogue of physical properties of viral particles.
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13
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Gu Z, Han J, Zhang L, Wang H, Luo X, Meng X, Zhang Y, Niu X, Lan Y, Wu S, Cao J, Lichtfouse E. Unanswered questions on the airborne transmission of COVID-19. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2023; 21:725-739. [PMID: 36628267 PMCID: PMC9816530 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Policies and measures to control pandemics are often failing. While biological factors controlling transmission are usually well explored, little is known about the environmental drivers of transmission and infection. For instance, respiratory droplets and aerosol particles are crucial vectors for the airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causation agent of the coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID-19). Once expectorated, respiratory droplets interact with atmospheric particulates that influence the viability and transmission of the novel coronavirus, yet there is little knowledge on this process or its consequences on virus transmission and infection. Here we review the effects of atmospheric particulate properties, vortex zones, and air pollution on virus survivability and transmission. We found that particle size, chemical constituents, electrostatic charges, and the moisture content of airborne particles can have notable effects on virus transmission, with higher survival generally associated with larger particles, yet some viruses are better preserved on small particles. Some chemical constituents and surface-adsorbed chemical species may damage peptide bonds in viral proteins and impair virus stability. Electrostatic charges and water content of atmospheric particulates may affect the adherence of virion particles and possibly their viability. In addition, vortex zones and human thermal plumes are major environmental factors altering the aerodynamics of buoyant particles in air, which can strongly influence the transport of airborne particles and the transmission of associated viruses. Insights into these factors may provide explanations for the widely observed positive correlations between COVID-19 infection and mortality with air pollution, of which particulate matter is a common constituent that may have a central role in the airborne transmission of the novel coronavirus. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10311-022-01557-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Gu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710064 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xilian Luo
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhao Meng
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Architecture, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710064 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Lan
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Aix-Marseille University, 13100, Aix-en-Provence, France
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14
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Fernandes LS, Galvão A, Santos R, Monteiro S. Impact of water reuse on agricultural practices and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114762. [PMID: 36356670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is altering the habits of the population. Extensive drought periods and overuse of potable water led to significant water shortages in many different places. Therefore, new water sources are necessary for usage in applications where the microbiological and chemical water quality demands are less stringent, as for agriculture. In this study, we planted, germinated, and grew vegetables/fruits (cherry tomato, lettuce, and carrot) using three types of potential waters for irrigation: secondary-treated wastewater, chlorine-treated wastewater, and green wall-treated greywater, to observe potential health risks of foodstuff consumption. In this study the waters and crops were analyzed for three taxonomic groups: bacteria, enteric viruses, and protozoa. Enteric viruses, human Norovirus I (hNoVGI) and Enterovirus (EntV), were detected in tomato and carrots irrigated with secondary-treated and chlorine-treated wastewater, in concentrations as high as 2.63 log genome units (GU)/g. On the other hand, Aichi viruses were detected in lettuce. Bacteria and protozoa remained undetected in all fresh produce although being detected in both types of wastewaters. Fresh produce irrigated with green wall-treated greywater were free from the chosen pathogens. This suggests that green wall-treated greywater may be a valuable option for crop irrigation, directly impacting the cities of the future vision, and the circular and green economy concepts. On the other hand, this work demonstrates that further advancement is still necessary to improve reclaimed water to the point where it no longer constitutes risk of foodborne diseases and to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Galvão
- Department of Civil Engineering - SHRHA, Técnico Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Santos
- Laboratorio Analises, Técnico Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Monteiro
- Laboratorio Analises, Técnico Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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15
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Suh D, Kim M, Lee C, Baek Y. Virus filtration in biopharmaceutical downstream processes: key factors and current limitations. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2143379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Suh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University (SNU), Gwanak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Basic Science, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University (SNU), Gwanak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbin Baek
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wang L, Hu Z, Yin H, Bradford SA, Luo J, Hou D. Aging of colloidal contaminants and pathogens in the soil environment: Implications for nanoplastic and COVID-19 risk mitigation. SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 39:SUM12849. [PMID: 36711026 PMCID: PMC9874619 DOI: 10.1111/sum.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal contaminants and pathogens are widely distributed in soil, whose tiny sizes and distinct surface properties render unique environmental behaviours. Because of aging, colloids can undergo dramatic changes in their physicochemical properties once in the soil environment, thus leading to diverse or even unpredictable environmental behaviour and fate. Herein, we provide a state-of-art review of colloid aging mechanisms and characteristics and implications for risk mitigation. First, we review aging-induced formation of colloidal contaminants and aging-associated changes. We place a special focus on emerging nanoplastic (NP) contaminants and associated physical, chemical, and biological aging processes in soil environments. Second, we assess aging and survival features of colloidal pathogens, especially viruses. Viruses in soils may survive from several days to months, or even several years in groundwater, depending on their rates of inactivation and the reversibility of attachment. Furthermore, we identify implications for risk mitigation based on aging mechanisms. Hotspots of (photo)chemical aging of NPs, including plastic gauzes at construction sites and randomly discarded plastic waste in rural areas, are identified as area requiring greater research attention. For COVID-19, we suggest taking greater care in regions where viruses are persist for long periods, such as cold climate regions. Soil amendment with quicklime (CaO) may act as an effective means for pathogen disinfection. Future risk mitigation of colloidal contaminants and pathogens relies on a better understanding of aging mechanisms and more sophisticated models accurately depicting processes in real soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuwei Wang
- School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhongtao Hu
- School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Faculty of ScienceThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hanbing Yin
- School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Scott A. Bradford
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceSustainable Agricultural Water Systems UnitDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jian Luo
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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17
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de la Fuente J, Armas O, Barroso-Arévalo S, Gortázar C, García-Seco T, Buendía-Andrés A, Villanueva F, Soriano JA, Mazuecos L, Vaz-Rodrigues R, García-Contreras R, García A, Monsalve-Serrano J, Domínguez L, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. Good and bad get together: Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in particulate matter pollution from different fuels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157241. [PMID: 35817121 PMCID: PMC9264720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and associated particulate matter (PM) affect environmental and human health worldwide. The intense vehicle usage and the high population density in urban areas are the main causes of this public health impact. Epidemiological studies have provided evidence on the effect of air pollution on airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 disease prevalence and symptomatology. However, the causal relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 is still under investigation. Based on these results, the question addressed in this study was how long SARS-CoV-2 survives on the surface of PM from different origin to evaluate the relationship between fuel and atmospheric pollution and virus transmission risk. The persistence and viability of SARS-CoV-2 virus was characterized in 5 engine exhaust PM and 4 samples of atmospheric PM10. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 remains on the surface of PM10 from air pollutants but interaction with engine exhaust PM inactivates the virus. Consequently, atmospheric PM10 levels may increase SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk thus supporting a causal relationship between these factors. Furthermore, the relationship of pollution PM and particularly engine exhaust PM with virus transmission risk and COVID-19 is also affected by the impact of these pollutants on host oxidative stress and immunity. Therefore, although fuel PM inactivates SARS-CoV-2, the conclusion of the study is that both atmospheric and engine exhaust PM negatively impact human health with implications for COVID-19 and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Octavio Armas
- Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial y Aeroespacial, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Energía y Medioambiente, Real Fábrica de Armas, Edif. Sabatini, Av. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Sandra Barroso-Arévalo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Teresa García-Seco
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Buendía-Andrés
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Florentina Villanueva
- Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla La Mancha, Paseo de La Innovación 1, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - José A Soriano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial y Aeroespacial, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Energía y Medioambiente, Real Fábrica de Armas, Edif. Sabatini, Av. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Lorena Mazuecos
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rita Vaz-Rodrigues
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Reyes García-Contreras
- Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial y Aeroespacial, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Energía y Medioambiente, Real Fábrica de Armas, Edif. Sabatini, Av. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Antonio García
- CMT-Motores Térmicos, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Monsalve-Serrano
- CMT-Motores Térmicos, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Lishchynskyi O, Shymborska Y, Stetsyshyn Y, Raczkowska J, Skirtach AG, Peretiatko T, Budkowski A. Passive antifouling and active self-disinfecting antiviral surfaces. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2022; 446:137048. [PMID: 35601363 PMCID: PMC9113772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.137048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Viruses pose a serious threat to human health and society in general, as virus infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. Till May 2022, over 513 million people around the world have been confirmed to be infected and more than 6.2 million have died due to SARS-CoV-2. Although the COVID-19 pandemic will be defeated in the near future, we are likely to face new viral threats in the coming years. One of the important instruments to protect from viruses are antiviral surfaces, which are essentially capable of limiting their spread. The formulation of the concept of antiviral surfaces is relatively new. In general, five types of mechanism directed against virus spread can be proposed for antiviral surfaces; involving: direct and indirect actions, receptor inactivation, photothermal effect, and antifouling behavior. All antiviral surfaces can be classified into two main types - passive and active. Passive antiviral surfaces are based on superhydrophobic coatings that are able to repel virus contaminated droplets. In turn, viruses can become biologically inert (e.g., blocked or destroyed) upon contact with active antiviral surfaces, as they contain antiviral agents: metal atoms, synthetic or natural polymers, and small molecules. The functionality of antiviral surfaces can be significantly improved with additional properties, such as temperature- or pH-responsivity, multifunctionality, non-specific action on different virus types, long-term application, high antiviral efficiency and self-cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ostap Lishchynskyi
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, St. George's Square 2, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yana Shymborska
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, St. George's Square 2, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Yurij Stetsyshyn
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, St. George's Square 2, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Raczkowska
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Taras Peretiatko
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Universytetska 1, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Andrzej Budkowski
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
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19
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Li X, Bi X, Shi X, Rao L, Fu ML, Sun W, Yuan B. Effect of particulate matters on inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 under irradiation above 320 nm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73976-73986. [PMID: 35633451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 under irradiation above 320 nm was investigated, focusing on different solution pH, ionic strength, and Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) concentrations when solutions contained organic or inorganic particle matters. Inorganic and organic particles were modeled using kaolinite (KAO) and Microcystis aeruginosa (MA), respectively. The results showed that the two types of particles influenced on MS2 inactivation under different conditions. The lower pH contributed to the greater MS2 aggregation within pH range of 3.0 to 8.0, leading to an increasing inactivation rate. The presence of KAO induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the action of irradiation above 320 nm, which promoted the inactivation of MS2. By comparison, the [Formula: see text] produced by MA after irradiation promoted the inactivation at pH < 6, whereas when the pH is ≥ 6, the inactivation effect of MS2 was lower than that of particle-free solution because MS2 was no longer aggregated and MA has a shading effect. In the presence of Na+ or Ca2+ cation, irradiation above 320 nm could not effectively inactivate the MS2 under particle-free solution. By comparison, KAO increased the inactivation efficiency as a photosensitizer. With the increase of Ca2+ concentration, MS2 was more easily adsorbed to MA than aggregation. Until Ca2+ concentration reached 20 mM, the inactivation effect in MA solution was enhanced. In the presence of SRNOM, the inactivation effect increased with the increase of SRNOM concentration. When the SRNOM was 20 mM, the inactivation increased in the particle-free solution due to the greater production of [Formula: see text]. Compared with the particle-free solution, the KAO and MA inactivation efficiency was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochao Bi
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Shi
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - La Rao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Lai Fu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Atmospheric and Hydrologic Science, St. Cloud State University, 720 4th Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, USA
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Bi X, Liu D, Wang L, Rao L, Fu ML, Sun W, Yuan B. Deposition kinetics of bacteriophage MS2 on Microcystis aeruginosa and kaolin surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112875. [PMID: 36179609 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Waterborne virus contamination might easily adsorb on the organic or inorganic surface in the complex aquatic environment. A quartz crystal microbalance coupled with dissipation monitoring was used to investigate the effects of the ionic strength of monovalent cation and divalent cation and pH on the deposition kinetics of bacteriophage MS2 on silica surface coated with Microcystis aeruginosa or kaolin, which represents organic or inorganic particle, respectively. Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory was used to illustrate the deposition mechanisms of MS2. The increased concentration of Na+ significantly enhanced the deposition rates of MS2 on both coated silica surfaces due to the reduction of repulsive electrostatic interactions. However, the MS2 deposition rates decreased at higher ionic strength of Ca2+, which accounted for the steric and hydrophobic interactions. And the higher MS2 deposition rates on both surfaces occurred at pH 3. In addition, the deposition rates of MS2 on kaolin-coated silica surfaces were higher than on the Microcystis-coated surface under all studied conditions. Furthermore, the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory could elucidate the deposition mechanism in Na+ solution, whereas the steric and hydrophobic interactions should be considered for the presence of high concentration of Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Bi
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Decai Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - La Rao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Ming-Lai Fu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Atmospheric and Hydrologic Science, St. Cloud State University, 720 4th Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, USA
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
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21
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Merettig N, Bockmühl DP. Virucidal Efficacy of Laundering. Pathogens 2022; 11:993. [PMID: 36145425 PMCID: PMC9503802 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses contribute significantly to the burden of infectious diseases worldwide. Although there are multiple infection routes associated with viruses, it is important to break the chain of infection and thus consider all possible transmission routes. Consequently, laundering can be a means to eliminate viruses from textiles, in clinical settings well as for domestic laundry procedures. Several factors influence the survival and inactivation of microorganisms, including viruses on hard surfaces and textiles. Therefore, textiles should be regarded as potential fomites. While in clinical and industrial settings laundry hygiene is ensured by standardized processes, temperatures of at least 60 °C and the use of oxidizing agents, domestic laundry is not well defined. Thus, the parameters affecting viral mitigation must be understood and prudently applied, especially in domestic laundering. Laundering can serve as a means to break the chain of infection for viral diseases by means of temperature, time, chemistry and mechanical action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk P. Bockmühl
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, 47533 Kleve, Germany
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22
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Wagemans J, Holtappels D, Vainio E, Rabiey M, Marzachì C, Herrero S, Ravanbakhsh M, Tebbe CC, Ogliastro M, Ayllón MA, Turina M. Going Viral: Virus-Based Biological Control Agents for Plant Protection. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 60:21-42. [PMID: 35300520 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-114208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The most economically important biotic stresses in crop production are caused by fungi, oomycetes, insects, viruses, and bacteria. Often chemical control is still the most commonly used method to manage them. However, the development of resistance in the different pathogens/pests, the putative damage on the natural ecosystem, the toxic residues in the field, and, thus, the contamination of the environment have stimulated the search for saferalternatives such as the use of biological control agents (BCAs). Among BCAs, viruses, a major driver for controlling host populations and evolution, are somewhat underused, mostly because of regulatory hurdles that make the cost of registration of such host-specific BCAs not affordable in comparison with the limited potential market. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of virus-based BCAs against fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insects, with a specific focus on new approaches that rely on not only the direct biocidal virus component but also the complex ecological interactions between viruses and their hosts that do not necessarily result in direct damage to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eeva Vainio
- Forest Health and Biodiversity, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mojgan Rabiey
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Marzachì
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Torino, Italy;
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Department of Genetics and University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Christoph C Tebbe
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - María A Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Turina
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Torino, Italy;
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23
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Removal of MS2 and fr Bacteriophages Using MgAl2O4-Modified, Al2O3-Stabilized Porous Ceramic Granules for Drinking Water Treatment. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050471. [PMID: 35629797 PMCID: PMC9145336 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-use ceramic filters are one of the strategies to address problems associated with waterborne diseases to remove harmful microorganisms in water sources prior to its consumption. In this study, development of adsorption-based ceramic depth filters composed of alumina platelets was achieved using spray granulation (calcined at 800 °C). Their virus retention performance was assessed using cartridges containing granular material (4 g) with two virus surrogates: MS2 and fr bacteriophages. Both materials showed complete removal, with a 7 log10 reduction value (LRV) of MS2 up to 1 L. MgAl2O4-modified Al2O3 granules possessed a higher MS2 retention capacity, contrary to the shortcomings of retention limits in pure Al2O3 granules. No significant decline in the retention of fr occurred during filtration tests up to 2 L. The phase composition and morphology of the materials were preserved during filtration, with no magnesium or aluminum leakage during filtration, as confirmed by X-ray diffractograms, electron micrographs, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The proposed MgAl2O4-modified Al2O3 granular ceramic filter materials offer high virus retention, achieving the criterion for virus filtration as required by the World Health Organization (LRV ≥ 4). Owing to their high thermal and chemical stability, the developed materials are thus suitable for thermal and chemical-free regeneration treatments.
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24
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Cao MM, Liu SY, Bi L, Chen SJ, Wu HY, Ge Y, Han B, Zhang LM, He JZ, Han LL. Distribution Characteristics of Soil Viruses Under Different Precipitation Gradients on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:848305. [PMID: 35464951 PMCID: PMC9022101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.848305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are extremely abundant in the soil environment and have potential roles in impacting on microbial population, evolution, and nutrient biogeochemical cycles. However, how environment and climate changes affect soil viruses is still poorly understood. Here, a metagenomic approach was used to investigate the distribution, diversity, and potential biogeochemical impacts of DNA viruses in 12 grassland soils under three precipitation gradients on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is one of the most sensitive areas to climate change. A total of 557 viral operational taxonomic units were obtained, spanning 152 viral families from the 30 metagenomes. Both virus-like particles (VLPs) and microbial abundance increased with average annual precipitation. A significant positive correlation of VLP counts was observed with soil water content, total carbon, total nitrogen, soil organic matter, and total phosphorus. Among these biological and abiotic factors, SWC mainly contributed to the variability in VLP abundance. The order Caudovirales (70.1% of the identified viral order) was the predominant viral type in soils from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with the Siphoviridae family being the most abundant. Remarkably, abundant auxiliary carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes represented by glycoside hydrolases were identified, indicating that soil viruses may play a potential role in the carbon cycle on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There were more diverse hosts and abundant CAZyme genes in soil with moderate precipitation. Our study provides a strong evidence that changes in precipitation impact not only viral abundance and virus–host interactions in soil but also the viral functional potential, especially carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Zhongke-Ji'an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Ji'an, China
| | - Li Bi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Chen
- Information Technology Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Ademu LO, Gao J, Thompson OP, Ademu LA. Impact of Short-Term Air Pollution on Respiratory Infections: A Time-Series Analysis of COVID-19 Cases in California during the 2020 Wildfire Season. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5057. [PMID: 35564452 PMCID: PMC9101675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The 2020 California wildfire season coincided with the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic affecting many counties in California, with impacts on air quality. We quantitatively analyzed the short-term effect of air pollution on COVID-19 transmission using county-level data collected during the 2020 wildfire season. Using time-series methodology, we assessed the relationship between short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and Air Quality Index (AQI) on confirmed cases of COVID-19 across 20 counties impacted by wildfires. Our findings indicate that PM2.5, CO, and AQI are positively associated with confirmed COVID-19 cases. This suggests that increased air pollution could worsen the situation of a health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Health policymakers should make tailored policies to cope with situations that may increase the level of air pollution, especially during a wildfire season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Ouja Ademu
- Public Policy Ph.D. Program, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Charlotte, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.G.); (O.P.T.)
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Public Policy Ph.D. Program, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Charlotte, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.G.); (O.P.T.)
| | - Onah Peter Thompson
- Public Policy Ph.D. Program, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Charlotte, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.G.); (O.P.T.)
| | - Lawrence Anebi Ademu
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University Wukari, Wukari 1020, Nigeria;
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26
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Design strategies for antiviral coatings and surfaces: A review ☆. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:100224. [PMCID: PMC8865753 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2022.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The routine disinfection and sanitization of surfaces, objects, and textiles has become a time-consuming but necessary task for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, the excessive use of sanitizers and disinfectants promotes the development of antibiotic-resistant microbes. Moreover, that improper disinfection could lead to more virus transfer, which leads to more viral mutations. Recently developed antiviral surface coatings can reduce the reliance on traditional disinfectants. These surfaces remain actively antimicrobial between periods of active cleaning of the surfaces, allowing a much more limited and optimized use of disinfectants. The novel nature of these surfaces has led, however, to many inconsistencies within the rapidly growing literature. Here we provide tools to guide the design and development of antimicrobial and antiviral surfaces and coatings. We describe how engineers can best choose testing options and propose new avenues for antiviral testing. After defining testing protocols, we summarize potential inorganic and organic materials able to serve as antiviral surfaces and present their antiviral mechanisms. We discuss the main limitations to their application, including issues related to toxicity, antimicrobial resistance, and environmental concerns. We propose solutions to counter these limitations and highlight how the context of specific use of an antiviral surface must guide material selection. Finally, we discuss how the use of coatings that combine multiple antimicrobial mechanisms can avoid the development of antibiotic resistance and improve the antiviral properties of these surfaces.
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27
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Wang H, Kaletta J, Kaschuba S, Klitzke S, Chorus I, Griebler C. Attachment, re-mobilization, and inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 during bank filtration following simulation of a high virus load and an extreme rain event. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 246:103960. [PMID: 35066264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.103960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Viruses, including human pathogenic viruses, can persist in water. For producing drinking water from surface water via bank filtration, natural attenuation capacities and the fate of viruses during the passage of aquatic sediments are of particular interest. Moreover, the increasing frequency of extreme hydrological events necessitate re-evaluation of the sustainability and efficacy of processes removing viruses. For this purpose, we performed bank sediment filtration experiments using a mesocosm in a technical-scale experimental facility that simulates a field situation under more tightly controlled conditions. We used the bacteriophage MS2 as a surrogate for enteric viruses to study the transport of different viral loads through the bank sediment. Additionally, we simulated a heavy rain event to investigate the re-mobilization of initially attached virus particles. We quantified the abundance of infectious MS2 phages by plaque assay and the total number of MS2 particles by qPCR. Also, we differentiated pore water concentrations by depths of the sediment column and investigated attachment to the sediment matrix at the end of the individual experimental phases. Bank filtration over a vertical distance of 80 cm through sandy sediment revealed a virus removal efficiency of 0.8 log10 for total MS2 particles and 1.7 log10 for infectious MS2 particles, with an initial phage concentration of 1.84 × 108 gene copies mL-1. A low load of infectious MS2 (1.9 × 106 plaque forming units mL-1) resulted in a greater removal efficiency (3.0 log10). The proportion of infectious MS2 phages of the total MS2 particle mass steadily decreased over time, i.e., in the course of individual breakthrough curves and with sediment depth. The simulated pulse of rainwater caused a front of low ionic strength water which resulted in pronounced phage remobilization. The high proportion of infectious MS2 among the detached phages indicated that attachment to the sediment matrix may substantially conserve virus infectivity. Therefore, the re-mobilization of previously attached viruses owing to hydrological extremes should be considered in water quality assessment and monitoring schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Kaletta
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Kaschuba
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Neusaesser Strasse 47, 86165 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sondra Klitzke
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.1 "Protection of Drinking Water Resources", Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingrid Chorus
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.1 "Protection of Drinking Water Resources", Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Delafosse D, Reinert L, Azaïs P, Fontvieille D, Soneda Y, Morand P, Duclaux L. Potentialities of a mesoporous activated carbon as virus detection probe in aquatic systems. J Virol Methods 2022; 303:114496. [PMID: 35181346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enteric viruses are widely spread in water environments, some being harmful for human communities. Regular epidemics highlight the usefulness of analysing such viruses in wastewaters as a tool for epidemiologists to monitor the extent of their dissemination among populations. In this context, CNovel™ Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) was chosen for its high porosity and high adsorption capacity to investigate sorbent ability to be used as part of of virus detection probes. Self-supported PAC Foils (PAC-F), PAC coated Brushes (PAC-B) and PAC Sampler (PAC-S) were used to prospect PAC efficacy in virus adsorption and above all, the feasibility of virus retrieval from them, allowing to further analysis such as molecular analysis quantification. Aiming at the development of a field-operational tool, PAC saturation and reusability were also investigated, as well as PAC-polarisation effect on its adsorption capacity. Our results pointed out that sorbent-based probes exhibited a high adsorption efficacy of spiked Murine Norovirus (MNV-1) in bare 0.1 M NaCl solution (>90 % for PAC-B and >86 % for PAC-F at ≈107 genome unit virus concentration), with no saturation within our experimental framework. On the other hand, polarisation assays using PAC-F as electrode, did not demonstrate any adsorption improvement. Experiments on PAC probes reusability suggested that they should be used three times at the most for a maximum efficiency. Values of virus retrieval were low (up to 11 % with PAC-B and up to 14 % with PAC-F in 0.1 M NaCl virus suspensions), illustrating the need for the techniques to be improved. A preliminary field assay using PAC-S, demonstrated that our catch-and-retrieve protocol yielded to the detection of autochthonous human Norovirus Genogroup I (NoV GI) and Adenovirus (AdV), in wastewaters suggesting its promising application as virus detection tool in such high loaded and complex waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Delafosse
- Laboratoire Abiolab-Asposan, Montbonnot-Saint-Martin, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | | | - Yasushi Soneda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Energy Process Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Patrice Morand
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Duclaux
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, EDYTEM, F-73000, Chambéry, France
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29
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Ezzatpanah H, Gómez-López VM, Koutchma T, Lavafpour F, Moerman F, Mohammadi M, Raheem D. Risks and new challenges in the food chain: Viral contamination and decontamination from a global perspective, guidelines, and cleaning. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:868-903. [PMID: 35142438 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Even during the continuing world pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), consumers remain exposed to the risk of getting infected by existing, emerging, or re-emerging foodborne and waterborne viruses. SARS-CoV-2 is different in that it is transmitted directly via the airborne route (droplets and aerosols) or indirect contact (surfaces contaminated with SARS-CoV-2). International food and health organizations and national regulatory bodies have provided guidance to protect individuals active in food premises from potential occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2, and have recommended chemicals effective in controlling the virus. Additionally, to exclude transmission of foodborne and waterborne viruses, hygiene practices to remove viral contaminants from surfaces are applied in different stages of the food chain (e.g., food plants, food distribution, storage, retail sector, etc.), while new and enhanced measures effective in the control of all types of viruses are under development. This comprehensive review aims to analyze and compare efficacies of existing cleaning practices currently used in the food industry to remove pathogenic viruses from air, nonfood, and food contact surfaces, as well as from food surfaces. In addition, the classification, modes of transmission, and survival of food and waterborne viruses, as well as SARS-CoV-2 will be presented. The international guidelines and national regulations are summarized in terms of virucidal chemical agents and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ezzatpanah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tatiana Koutchma
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Frank Moerman
- Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of Leuven - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dele Raheem
- Arctic Centre (NIEM), University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
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30
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Owen L, Shivkumar M, Cross RBM, Laird K. Porous surfaces: stability and recovery of coronaviruses. Interface Focus 2022; 12:20210039. [PMID: 34956608 PMCID: PMC8662390 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of indirect contact in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not clear. SARS-CoV-2 persists on dry surfaces for hours to days; published studies have largely focused on hard surfaces with less research being conducted on different porous surfaces, such as textiles. Understanding the potential risks of indirect transmission of COVID-19 is useful for settings where there is close contact with textiles, including healthcare, manufacturing and retail environments. This article aims to review current research on porous surfaces in relation to their potential as fomites of coronaviruses compared to non-porous surfaces. Current methodologies for assessing the stability and recovery of coronaviruses from surfaces are also explored. Coronaviruses are often less stable on porous surfaces than non-porous surfaces, for example, SARS-CoV-2 persists for 0.5 h-5 days on paper and 3-21 days on plastic; however, stability is dependent on the type of surface. In particular, the surface properties of textiles differ widely depending on their construction, leading to variation in the stability of coronaviruses, with longer persistence on more hydrophobic materials such as polyester (1-3 days) compared to highly absorbent cotton (2 h-4 days). These findings should be considered where there is close contact with potentially contaminated textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Owen
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Maitreyi Shivkumar
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Richard B. M. Cross
- Emerging Technologies Research Centre, School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Katie Laird
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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31
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Wang H, Knabe D, Engelhardt I, Droste B, Rohns HP, Stumpp C, Ho J, Griebler C. Dynamics of pathogens and fecal indicators during riverbank filtration in times of high and low river levels. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117961. [PMID: 34923443 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Riverbank filtration is an established and quantitatively important approach to mine high-quality raw water for drinking water production. Bacterial fecal indicators are routinely used to monitor hygienic raw water quality, however, their applicability in viral contamination has been questioned repeatedly. Additionally, there are concerns that the increasing frequency and intensity of meteorological and hydrological events, i.e., heavy precipitation and droughts leading to high and low river levels, may impair riverbank filtration performance. In this study, we explored the removal of adenovirus compared with several commonly used bacterial and viral water quality indicators during different river levels. In a seasonal study, water from the Rhine River, a series of groundwater monitoring wells, and a production well were regularly collected and analyzed for adenovirus, coliphages, E. coli, C. perfringens, coliform bacteria, the total number of prokaryotic cells (TCC), and the number of virus-like particles (TVPC) using molecular and cultivation-based assays. Additionally, basic physico-chemical parameters, including temperature, pH, dissolved organic carbon, and nutrients, were measured. The highest log10 reduction during the >72 m of riverbank filtration from the river channel to the production well was observed for coliforms (>3.7 log10), followed by E. coli (>3.4 log10), somatic coliphages (>3.1 log10), C. perfringens (>2.5 log10), and F+ coliphages (>2.1 log10) at high river levels. Adenovirus decreased by 1.6-3.1 log units in the first monitoring well (>32 m) and was not detected in further distant wells. The highest removal efficiency of adenovirus and most other viral and bacterial fecal indicators was achieved during high river levels, which were characterized by increased numbers of pathogens and indicators. During low river levels, coliforms and C. perfringens were occasionally present in raw water at the production well. Adenovirus, quantified via droplet digital PCR, correlated with E. coli, somatic coliphages, TCC, TVPC, pH, and DOC at high river levels. At low river levels, adenoviruses correlated with coliforms, TVPC, pH, and water travel time. We conclude that although standard fecal indicators are insufficient for assessing hygienic raw water quality, a combination of E. coli, coliforms and somatic coliphages can assess riverbank filtration performance in adenovirus removal. Furthermore, effects of extreme hydrological events should be studied on an event-to-event basis at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Finally, there is an urgent need for a lower limit of detection for pathogenic viruses in natural waters. Preconcentration of viral particles from larger water volumes (>100 L) constitutes a promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dustin Knabe
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute for Applied Geosciences, Chair for Hydrogeology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Engelhardt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute for Applied Geosciences, Chair for Hydrogeology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Droste
- Waterwork Düsseldorf, Himmelgeister Strasse 325, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Rohns
- Waterwork Düsseldorf, Himmelgeister Strasse 325, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Ho
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW), Karlsruher Straße 84, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Rius-Rocabert S, Arranz-Herrero J, Fernández-Valdés A, Marciello M, Moreno S, Llinares-Pinel F, Presa J, Hernandez-Alcoceba R, López-Píriz R, Torrecillas R, García A, Brun A, Filice M, Moya JS, Cabal B, Nistal-Villan E. Broad virus inactivation using inorganic micro/nano-particulate materials. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100191. [PMID: 35024597 PMCID: PMC8733340 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic materials can provide a set of tools to decontaminate solid, liquid or air containing viral particles. The use of disinfectants can be limited or not practical in scenarios where continuous cleaning is not feasible. Physicochemical differences between viruses raise the need for effective formulations for all kind of viruses. In the present work we describe two types of antimicrobial inorganic materials: i) a novel soda-lime glass (G3), and ii) kaolin containing metals nanoparticles (Ag or CuO), as materials to disable virus infectivity. Strong antiviral properties can be observed in G3 glass, and kaolin-containing nanoparticle materials showing a reduction of viral infectivity close to 99%. in the first 10 min of contact of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). A potent virucidal activity is also present in G3 and kaolin containing Ag or CuO nanoparticles against all kinds of viruses tested, reducing more than 99% the amount of HSV-1, Adenovirus, VSV, Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 exposed to them. Virucidal properties could be explained by a direct interaction of materials with viruses as well as inactivation by the presence of virucidal elements in the material lixiviates. Kaolin-based materials guarantee a controlled release of active nanoparticles with antiviral activity. Current coronavirus crisis highlights the need for new strategies to remove viruses from contaminated areas. We propose these low-cost inorganic materials as useful disinfecting antivirals in the actual or future pandemic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rius-Rocabert
- Microbiology Section, Dpto. CC, Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668, Madrid, Spain.,CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Arranz-Herrero
- Microbiology Section, Dpto. CC, Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Fernández-Valdés
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Marzia Marciello
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria - Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA-CSIC), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Llinares-Pinel
- Microbiology Section, Dpto. CC, Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rubén Hernandez-Alcoceba
- Gene Therapy Program. University of Navarra-CIMA, Navarra Institute of Health Research, Av. Pio XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Roberto López-Píriz
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Ramón Torrecillas
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Antonia García
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Brun
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria - Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA-CSIC), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Filice
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José S Moya
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Belen Cabal
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Estanislao Nistal-Villan
- Microbiology Section, Dpto. CC, Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668, Madrid, Spain
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New method to quantify hydrophobicity of non-enveloped virions in aqueous media by capillary zone electrophoresis. Virology 2022; 568:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Delgado Corrales B, Kaiser R, Nerlich P, Agraviador A, Sherry A. BioMateriOME: To understand microbe-material interactions within sustainable, living architectures. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 122:77-126. [PMID: 37085194 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BioMateriOME evolved from a prototyping process which was informed from discussions between a team of designers, architects and microbiologists, when considering constructing with biomaterials or human cohabitation with novel living materials in the built environment. The prototype has two elements (i) BioMateriOME-Public (BMP), an interactive public materials library, and (ii) BioMateriOME-eXperimental (BMX), a replicated materials library for rigorous microbiome experimentation. The prototype was installed into the OME, a unique experimental living house, in order to (1) gain insights into society's perceptions of living materials, and (2) perform a comparative analysis of indoor surface microbiome development on novel biomaterials in contrast to conventional indoor surfaces, respectively. This review summarizes the BioMateriOME prototype and its use as a tool in combining microbiology, design, architecture and social science. The use of microbiology and biological components in the fabrication of biomaterials is provided, together with an appreciation of the microbial communities common to conventional indoor surfaces, and how these communities may change in response to the implementation of living materials in our homes. Societal perceptions of microbiomes and biomaterials, are considered within the framework of healthy architecture. Finally, features of architectural design with microbes in mind are introduced, with the possibility of codifying microbial surveillance into design and construction benchmarks, standards and regulations toward healthier buildings and their occupants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Delgado Corrales
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Romy Kaiser
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Nerlich
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Armand Agraviador
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Sherry
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Efficient capturing and sensitive detection of hepatitis A virus from solid foods (green onion, strawberry, and mussel) using protamine-coated iron oxide (Fe 3O 4) magnetic nanoparticles and real-time RT-PCR. Food Microbiol 2021; 102:103921. [PMID: 34809947 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) continues to be a public health concern and has caused large foodborne outbreaks and economic losses worldwide. Rapid detection of HAV in foods can help to confirm the source of outbreaks in a timely manner and prevent more people getting infected. In order to efficiently detect HAV at low levels of contamination in foods, rapid and easy-to-use techniques are required to separate and concentrate viral particles to a small volume. In the current study, HAV particles were eluted from green onion, strawberry, and mussel using glycine buffer (0.05 M glycine, 0.14 M NaCl, 0.2% (v/v) Tween 20, pH 9.0) and suspended viral particles were captured using protamine-coated magnetic nanoparticles (PMNPs). This process caused a selective concentration of the viral particles, which could be followed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis. Results showed that pH, NaCl concentration, and PMNP amount used for the capturing had significant effects on the recovery efficiency of HAV (P < 0.05). The highest recovery rate was obtained at pH 9.0, 0.14 M NaCl, and 50 μL of PMNPs. The optimized PMNP capturing method enabled the rapid capture and concentration of HAV. A sensitive real-time RT-PCR test was developed with detection limits of 8.3 × 100 PFU/15 g, 8.3 × 101 PFU/50 g, and 8.3 × 100 PFU/5 g of HAV in green onion, strawberry, and mussel, respectively. In conclusion, the PMNP method is rapid and convenient in capturing HAV from complex solid food samples and can generate concentrated HAV sample solutions suitable for high-sensitivity real time RT-PCR detection of the virus.
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Brackley CA, Lips A, Morozov A, Poon WCK, Marenduzzo D. Mechanisms for destabilisation of RNA viruses at air-water and liquid-liquid interfaces. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6812. [PMID: 34819516 PMCID: PMC8613244 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between viruses and surfaces or interfaces is important, as they provide the principles underpinning the cleaning and disinfection of contaminated surfaces. Yet, the physics of such interactions is currently poorly understood. For instance, there are longstanding experimental observations suggesting that the presence of air-water interfaces can generically inactivate and kill viruses, yet the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown. Here we use theory and simulations to show that electrostatics may provide one such mechanism, and that this is very general. Thus, we predict that the electrostatic free energy of an RNA virus should increase by several thousands of kBT as the virion breaches an air-water interface. We also show that the fate of a virus approaching a generic liquid-liquid interface depends strongly on the detailed balance between interfacial and electrostatic forces, which can be tuned, for instance, by choosing different media to contact a virus-laden respiratory droplet. Tunability arises because both the electrostatic and interfacial forces scale similarly with viral size. We propose that these results can be used to design effective strategies for surface disinfection. We know that air-water interfaces can generically inactivate viruses, but the mechanisms behind this observation are unclear. Here the authors use simulations to uncover those mechanisms and find that the electrostatic repulsive free energy of an RNA virus increases by several thousands of kBT as it approaches an air-water interface, providing a mechanism for viral destabilization which may induce inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Brackley
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, Scotland, UK
| | - A Lips
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, Scotland, UK
| | - A Morozov
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, Scotland, UK
| | - W C K Poon
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, Scotland, UK
| | - D Marenduzzo
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, Scotland, UK.
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O’Callahan B, Qafoku O, Balema V, Negrete OA, Passian A, Engelhard MH, Waters KM. Atomic Force Microscopy and Infrared Nanospectroscopy of COVID-19 Spike Protein for the Quantification of Adhesion to Common Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12089-12097. [PMID: 34609882 PMCID: PMC8507151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives worldwide, sickened many more, and has resulted in severe socioeconomic consequences. As society returns to normal, understanding the spread and persistence of SARS CoV-2 on commonplace surfaces can help to mitigate future outbreaks of coronaviruses and other pathogens. We hypothesize that such an understanding can be aided by studying the binding and interaction of viral proteins with nonbiological surfaces. Here, we propose a methodology for investigating the adhesion of the SARS CoV-2 spike glycoprotein on common inorganic surfaces such as aluminum, copper, iron, silica, and ceria oxides as well as metallic gold. Quantitative adhesion was obtained from the analysis of measured forces at the nanoscale using an atomic force microscope operated under ambient conditions. Without imposing further constraints on the measurement conditions, our preliminary findings suggest that spike glycoproteins interact with similar adhesion forces across the majority of the metal oxides tested with the exception to gold, for which attraction forces ∼10 times stronger than all other materials studied were observed. Ferritin, which was used as a reference protein, was found to exhibit similar adhesion forces as SARS CoV-2 spike protein. This study results show that glycoprotein adhesion forces for similar ambient humidity, tip shape, and contact surface are nonspecific to the properties of metal oxide surfaces, which are expected to be covered by a thin water film. The findings suggest that under ambient conditions, glycoprotein adhesion to metal oxides is primarily controlled by the water capillary forces, and they depend on the surface tension of the liquid water. We discuss further strategies warranted to decipher the intricate nanoscale forces for improved quantification of the adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian O’Callahan
- Earth
and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- Earth
and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Viktor Balema
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Oscar A. Negrete
- Biotechnology
and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National
Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Ali Passian
- Quantum
Information Science Group, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Mark H. Engelhard
- Earth
and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- Earth
and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Are carbon water filters safe for private wells? Evaluating the occurrence of microbial indicator organisms in private well water treated by point-of-use activated carbon block filters. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 238:113852. [PMID: 34627100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-use (POU) water treatment is highly relevant to private well users vulnerable to chemical contamination, but uncertainty remains around the effects of activated carbon based POU devices on the microbial quality of the treated water. In this study, under-sink activated carbon block water filters were installed in 17 homes relying on private well water in North Carolina. The influent and effluent water in each home was evaluated for bacterial and viral microbial indicator organisms monthly for five months. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify water quality and water usage variables that were significant predictors of each indicator organism occurring in the filter effluent. The odds of total coliforms occurring in the effluent decreased by 84% with each 1-log10 increase in the influent HPC (p < 0.05), suggesting a protective effect by native heterotrophic bacteria, but increased by over 50 times with low cumulative water use (p < 0.05). The filters were not protective against coliphages in the influent and viral shedding may occur after periods of increased virus concentrations in the raw well water. Specific bacteria were also found to increase in the effluent, causing a shift in the bacterial community composition, although potential opportunistic pathogens were detected in both the influent and the effluent. Overall, under normal conditions of use, the filters tested in this study did not represent a significant additional risk for well users beyond the existing exposures from undisinfected well water alone.
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Optimizing the synthesis and purification of MS2 virus like particles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19851. [PMID: 34615923 PMCID: PMC8494748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducing bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (VLPs) as gene and drug delivery tools increases the demand for optimizing their production and purification procedure. PEG precipitation method is used efficiently to purify VLPs, while the effects of pH and different electrolytes on the stability, size, and homogeneity of purified MS2 VLPs, and the encapsulated RNA sequences remained to be elucidated. In this regard, a vector, capable of producing VLP with an shRNA packed inside was prepared. The resulting VLPs in different buffers/solutions were assessed for their size, polydispersity index, and ability to protect the enclosed shRNA. We report that among Tris, HEPES, and PBS, with or without NaNO3, and also NaNO3 alone in different pH and ionic concentrations, the 100 mM NaNO3-Tris buffer with pH:8 can be used as a new and optimal MS2 VLP production buffer, capable of inhibiting the VLPs aggregation. These VLPs show a size range of 27-30 nm and suitable homogeneity with minimum 12-month stability at 4 °C. Moreover, the resulting MS2 VLPs were highly efficient and stable for at least 48 h in conditions similar to in vivo. These features of MS2 VLPs produced in the newly introduced buffer make them an appropriate candidate for therapeutic agents' delivery.
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Pietramellara G, Pathan SI, Datta R, Vranová V, Ceccherini M, Nannipieri P. Perspective on the status and behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 in soil. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 29:1014-1020. [PMID: 34608369 PMCID: PMC8482646 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil contamination by SARS-CoV-2 is highly probable because soil can collect several transporters of the virus, such as fallout aerosols, wastewaters, relatively purified sludges, and organic residues. However, the fate and status of SARS-CoV-2 in soil and the possible risks for human health through contaminated food are unknown. Therefore, this perspective paper discusses the challenges of determining the SARS-CoV-2 in soil and the mechanisms concerning its adsorption, movement, and infectivity in soil, considering what has already been reported by perspective papers published up to May 2021. These issues are discussed, drawing attention to the soil virus bibliography and considering the chemical structure of the virus. The mechanistic understanding of the status and behavior of SARS-CoV-2 in soil requires setting up an accurate determination method. In addition, future researches should provide insights into i) plant uptake and movement inside the plant, ii) virus adsorption and desorption in soil with the relative infectivity, and iii) its effects on soil functions. Models should simulate spatial localization of virus in the soil matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pietramellara
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Firenze, P.le delle Cascine 24, 50144 Firenze, Italy
- Corresponding author at: Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy.
| | - Shamina Imran Pathan
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Firenze, P.le delle Cascine 24, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Valerie Vranová
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - MariaTeresa Ceccherini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Firenze, P.le delle Cascine 24, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Nannipieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Firenze, P.le delle Cascine 24, 50144 Firenze, Italy
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Coleman CK, Mai E, Miller M, Sharma S, Williamson C, Oza H, Holmes E, Lamer M, Ly C, Stewart J, Sobsey MD, Abebe LS. Chitosan Coagulation Pretreatment to Enhance Ceramic Water Filtration for Household Water Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189736. [PMID: 34575900 PMCID: PMC8472054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are major contributors to the annual 1.3 million deaths associated with the global burden of diarrheal disease morbidity and mortality. While household-level water treatment technologies reduce diarrheal illness, the majority of filtration technologies are ineffective in removing viruses due to their small size relative to filter pore size. In order to meet the WHO health-based tolerable risk target of 10−6 Disability Adjusted Life Years per person per year, a drinking water filter must achieve a 5 Log10 virus reduction. Ceramic pot water filters manufactured in developing countries typically achieve less than 1 Log10 virus reductions. In order to overcome the shortfall in virus removal efficiency in household water treatment filtration, we (1) evaluated the capacity of chitosan acetate and chitosan lactate, as a cationic coagulant pretreatment combined with ceramic water filtration to remove lab cultured and sewage derived viruses and bacteria in drinking waters, (2) optimized treatment conditions in waters of varying quality and (3) evaluated long-term continuous treatment over a 10-week experiment in surface waters. For each test condition, bacteria and virus concentrations were enumerated by culture methods for influent, controls, and treated effluent after chitosan pretreatment and ceramic water filtration. A > 5 Log10 reduction was achieved in treated effluent for E.coli, C. perfringens, sewage derived E. coli and total coliforms, MS2 coliphage, Qβ coliphage, ΦX174 coliphage, and sewage derived F+ and somatic coliphages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Knox Coleman
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (J.S.); (M.D.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eric Mai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (J.S.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Megan Miller
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (J.S.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (J.S.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Clark Williamson
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (J.S.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Hemali Oza
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA;
| | - Eleanor Holmes
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (J.S.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Marie Lamer
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (J.S.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Christopher Ly
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (J.S.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Jill Stewart
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (J.S.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Mark D. Sobsey
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (J.S.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Lydia S. Abebe
- Center for Environment, Energy and Infrastructure, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC 20004, USA;
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Samandoulgou I, Fliss I, Jean J. Adhesion of Norovirus to Surfaces: Contribution of Thermodynamic and Molecular Properties Using Virus-Like Particles. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2021; 13:368-379. [PMID: 33759036 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-021-09471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess human norovirus and feline calicivirus (FCV) surface free energy, hydrophobicity, and ability to interact with fresh foods and food-contact surfaces. Virus-like particles (VLPs) of human norovirus (GI.1 and GII.4) and FCV were produced, purified, and analyzed for their surface free energy, hydrophobicity, and the total interfacial free energy of interaction [Formula: see text] with lettuce, strawberry, polyethylene, and stainless steel. GII.4 VLPs were further tested for adhesion at different pH, ionic strengths, and temperature. All the VLPs and the test materials showed low surface energies, as well as hydrophobic characters except for GI.1. Nearly all [Formula: see text] values were propitious for spontaneous adhesion. GII.4 VLPs adsorbed almost indifferently to stainless steel, polyethylene, and lettuce. Isoelectric point and high temperature generally promoted adhesion while ionic strength effect was surface-dependant. According to this study, all the materials assessed are of low-energy and hydrophobic nature except GI.1 VLPs. Interfacial free energies of interaction were favorable for spontaneous adhesion ([Formula: see text] < 0) of all VLPs to the test materials, except for GI.1 VLPs to both stainless steel and straweberry. It is also found that norovirus adhesion is more sensitive to physicochemical conditions than to surface character itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idrissa Samandoulgou
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Département des sciences des aliments, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ismaïl Fliss
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Département des sciences des aliments, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Julie Jean
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Département des sciences des aliments, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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43
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Mesgarpour M, Abad JMN, Alizadeh R, Wongwises S, Doranehgard MH, Ghaderi S, Karimi N. Prediction of the spread of Corona-virus carrying droplets in a bus - A computational based artificial intelligence approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125358. [PMID: 33611042 PMCID: PMC8055577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Public transport has been identified as high risk as the corona-virus carrying droplets generated by the infected passengers could be distributed to other passengers. Therefore, predicting the patterns of droplet spreading in public transport environment is of primary importance. This paper puts forward a novel computational and artificial intelligence (AI) framework for fast prediction of the spread of droplets produced by a sneezing passenger in a bus. The formation of droplets of salvia is numerically modelled using a volume of fluid methodology applied to the mouth and lips of an infected person during the sneezing process. This is followed by a large eddy simulation of the resultant two phase flow in the vicinity of the person while the effects of droplet evaporation and ventilation in the bus are considered. The results are subsequently fed to an AI tool that employs deep learning to predict the distribution of droplets in the entire volume of the bus. This combined framework is two orders of magnitude faster than the pure computational approach. It is shown that the droplets with diameters less than 250 micrometers are most responsible for the transmission of the virus, as they can travel the entire length of the bus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mesgarpour
- Fluid Mechanics, Thermal Engineering and Multiphase Flow Research Lab. (FUTURE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | | | - Rasool Alizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
| | - Somchai Wongwises
- Fluid Mechanics, Thermal Engineering and Multiphase Flow Research Lab. (FUTURE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Mohammad Hossein Doranehgard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Saeidreza Ghaderi
- Department of General Surgery, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Karimi
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom; James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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44
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Chattopadhyay A, Shaw S. Association Between Air Pollution and COVID-19 Pandemic: An Investigation in Mumbai, India. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2021GH000383. [PMID: 34296050 PMCID: PMC8287720 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Spatial hot spots of COVID-19 infections and fatalities are observed at places exposed to high levels of air pollution across many countries. This study empirically investigates the relationship between exposure to air pollutants that is, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter (SO2, NO2, and PM10) and COVID-19 infection at the smallest administrative level (ward) of Mumbai City in India. The paper explores two hypotheses: COVID-19 infection is associated with air pollution; the pollutants act as determinants of COVID-19 deaths. Kriging is used to assess the spatial variations of air quality using pollution data, while information on COVID-19 are retrieved from the database of Mumbai municipality. Annual average of PM10 in Mumbai over the past 3 years is much higher than the WHO specified standard across all wards; further, suburbs are more exposed to SO2, and NO2 pollution. Bivariate local indicator of spatial autocorrelation finds significant positive relation between pollution and COVID-19 infected cases in certain suburban wards. Spatial Auto Regressive models suggest that COVID-19 death in Mumbai is distinctly associated with higher exposure to NO2, population density and number of waste water drains. If specific pollutants along with other factors play considerable role in COVID-19 infection, it has strong implications for any mitigation strategy development with an objective to curtail the spreading of the respiratory disease. These findings, first of its kind in India, could prove to be significant pointers toward disease alleviation and better urban living.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhojit Shaw
- Department of Development StudiesInternational Institute for Population SciencesMumbaiIndia
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45
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Chattopadhyay A, Shaw S. Association Between Air Pollution and COVID-19 Pandemic: An Investigation in Mumbai, India. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2021GH000383. [PMID: 34296050 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000383.e2021gh000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Spatial hot spots of COVID-19 infections and fatalities are observed at places exposed to high levels of air pollution across many countries. This study empirically investigates the relationship between exposure to air pollutants that is, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter (SO2, NO2, and PM10) and COVID-19 infection at the smallest administrative level (ward) of Mumbai City in India. The paper explores two hypotheses: COVID-19 infection is associated with air pollution; the pollutants act as determinants of COVID-19 deaths. Kriging is used to assess the spatial variations of air quality using pollution data, while information on COVID-19 are retrieved from the database of Mumbai municipality. Annual average of PM10 in Mumbai over the past 3 years is much higher than the WHO specified standard across all wards; further, suburbs are more exposed to SO2, and NO2 pollution. Bivariate local indicator of spatial autocorrelation finds significant positive relation between pollution and COVID-19 infected cases in certain suburban wards. Spatial Auto Regressive models suggest that COVID-19 death in Mumbai is distinctly associated with higher exposure to NO2, population density and number of waste water drains. If specific pollutants along with other factors play considerable role in COVID-19 infection, it has strong implications for any mitigation strategy development with an objective to curtail the spreading of the respiratory disease. These findings, first of its kind in India, could prove to be significant pointers toward disease alleviation and better urban living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Chattopadhyay
- Department of Development Studies International Institute for Population Sciences Mumbai India
| | - Subhojit Shaw
- Department of Development Studies International Institute for Population Sciences Mumbai India
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46
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Nasser A, Sasi S, Nitzan Y. Coliphages as Indicators for the Microbial Quality of Treated Wastewater Effluents. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2021; 13:170-178. [PMID: 33428162 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-020-09459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater effluents are a reliable water source for non-potable water reuse including unrestricted crop irrigation in arid regions suffering from water scarcity. This study was performed to develop and optimize a procedure to concentrate coliphages from 100 L of treated effluent. Moreover, the reduction of coliphages by filtration and disinfection by either chlorine or UV was compared with that of fecal coliform (FC). The adsorption efficiency of MS2 and Qβ coliphages by the NanoCeram filter was similar and reached 99.8%. Elution efficiency of MS2 coliphage from the NanoCeram filters by a solution of 1% NaPP and 0.05 M glycine, pH 9.5, was 74 ± 9.5%. The highest reconcentration efficiency of MS2 and Qβ coliphages was obtained with polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and reached 76 ± 28% and 90 ± 11%, respectively. In comparison, the reconcentration efficiency of organic flocculation was 0% and 1.3% for Qβ and MS2 coliphages, respectively. The overall recovery efficiency of MS2 coliphages from 100 L tertiary effluent was 57 ± 1.5%. Poor reduction was observed for coliphages compared to FC by filtration and chlorine disinfection although; the reduction of FC, as measured by cultivation, was satisfactory and within the guidelines for unrestricted irrigation. High correlation between the reduction of FC and coliphages was recorded for tertiary effluent disinfected by UV irradiation. Monitoring the microbial quality of tertiary effluent using qPCR for the enumeration of FC was found unsuitable, because DNA levels were unaffected by the treatment processes. The results of this study demonstrated that monitoring the microbial quality of tertiary effluent by FC may not reflect the health risks encountered by the application of these effluents and the addition of coliphages to the monitoring programs may allow for accurate assessment of the health risks introduced by the application of tertiary effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abidelfatah Nasser
- Water Quality Research Laboratory, National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Sivan Sasi
- Water Quality Research Laboratory, National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Nitzan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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47
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Mohapatra S, Menon NG, Mohapatra G, Pisharody L, Pattnaik A, Menon NG, Bhukya PL, Srivastava M, Singh M, Barman MK, Gin KYH, Mukherji S. The novel SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Possible environmental transmission, detection, persistence and fate during wastewater and water treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142746. [PMID: 33092831 PMCID: PMC7536135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19 disease, has infected over 27 million people across the globe within a few months. While literature on SARS-CoV-2 indicates that its transmission may occur predominantly via aerosolization of virus-laden droplets, the possibility of alternate routes of transmission and/or reinfection via the environment requires considerable scientific attention. This review aims to collate information on possible transmission routes of this virus, to ascertain its fate in the environment. Concomitant with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faeces and saliva of infected patients, studies also indicated its occurrence in raw wastewater, primary sludge and river water. Therefore sewerage system could be a possible route of virus outbreak, a possible tool to assess viral community spread and future surveillance technique. Hence, this review looked into detection, occurrence and fate of SARS-CoV-2 during primary, secondary, and tertiary wastewater and water treatment processes based on published literature on SARS-CoV and other enveloped viruses. The review also highlights the need for focused research on occurrence and fate of SARS-CoV-2 in various environmental matrices. Utilization of this information in environmental transmission models developed for other enveloped and enteric viruses can facilitate risk assessment studies. Preliminary research efforts with SARS-CoV-2 and established scientific reports on other coronaviruses indicate that the threat of virus transmission from the aquatic environment may be currently non-existent. However, the presence of viral RNA in wastewater provides an early warning that highlights the need for effective sewage treatment to prevent a future outbreak of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeb Mohapatra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - N Gayathri Menon
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India; nEcoTox GmbH, An der Neümuhle 2, Annweiler am Trifels, Germany
| | | | - Lakshmi Pisharody
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
| | - Aryamav Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), USA
| | - N Gowri Menon
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.
| | - Suparna Mukherji
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India; Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India.
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48
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Sepahvandi A, Ghaffari M, Bahmanpour AH, Moztarzadeh F, Zarrintaj P, Uludağ H, Mozafari M. COVID-19: insights into virus-receptor interactions. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:10. [PMID: 34766003 PMCID: PMC8035060 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) calls for rapid mobilization of scientists to probe and explore solutions to this deadly disease. A limited understanding of the high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) relative to other coronavirus strains guides a deeper investigation into the virus/receptor interactions. The cutting-edge studies in thermodynamic and kinetic properties of interactions such as protein-protein interplays have been reviewed in many modeling and analysis studies. Highlighting the thermodynamic assessments of biological interactions and emphasizing the boosted transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 despite its high similarity in structure and sequence with other coronavirus strains is an important and highly valuable investigation that can lead scientists to discover analytical and fundamental approaches in studying virus's interactions. Accordingly, we have attempted to describe the crucial factors such as conformational changes and hydrophobicity particularities that influence on thermodynamic potentials in the SARS-COV-2 S-protein adsorption process. Discussing the thermodynamic potentials and the kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein in its interaction with the ACE2 receptors of the host cell is a fundamental approach that would be extremely valuable in designing candidate pharmaceutical agents or exploring alternative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Sepahvandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, 301 Main St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Maryam Ghaffari
- Biomaterial Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Bahmanpour
- Biomaterial Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fathollah Moztarzadeh
- Biomaterial Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Currently at: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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49
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Bland HA, Centeleghe IA, Mandal S, Thomas ELH, Maillard JY, Williams OA. Electropositive Nanodiamond-Coated Quartz Microfiber Membranes for Virus and Dye Filtration. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3252-3261. [PMID: 33817563 PMCID: PMC8008389 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electropositive membranes demonstrating high flux at low pressure differentials show great promise as universal separation platforms for viruses and other charged entities when centralized systems of water and power are scarce. However, the fabrication of a suitably stable membrane with optimal electrostatic characteristics remains a challenge. Here, hydrogenated detonation nanodiamond was loaded onto a quartz microfiber support membrane and coupled to the membrane surface under a high vacuum annealing process. The fabricated membranes display a zeta potential of +45 mV at pH 7 and an isoelectric point around pH 11. We show that the nanodiamond coating is robust to prolonged periods of pressurized water flow by performing extensive zeta potential measurements over time, and water filtration tests demonstrated excellent membrane retention for the electronegative dye molecule acid black 2, and at least a 6.2 log10 reduction in MS2 bacteriophage from feed waters (>99.9999%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A. Bland
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen’s Building, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella A. Centeleghe
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United
Kingdom
| | - Soumen Mandal
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen’s Building, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Evan L. H. Thomas
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen’s Building, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Yves Maillard
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United
Kingdom
| | - Oliver A. Williams
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen’s Building, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
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50
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Castaño N, Cordts SC, Kurosu Jalil M, Zhang KS, Koppaka S, Bick AD, Paul R, Tang SKY. Fomite Transmission, Physicochemical Origin of Virus-Surface Interactions, and Disinfection Strategies for Enveloped Viruses with Applications to SARS-CoV-2. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6509-6527. [PMID: 33748563 PMCID: PMC7944398 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Inanimate objects or surfaces contaminated with infectious agents, referred to as fomites, play an important role in the spread of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The long persistence of viruses (hours to days) on surfaces calls for an urgent need for effective surface disinfection strategies to intercept virus transmission and the spread of diseases. Elucidating the physicochemical processes and surface science underlying the adsorption and transfer of virus between surfaces, as well as their inactivation, is important for understanding how diseases are transmitted and for developing effective intervention strategies. This review summarizes the current knowledge and underlying physicochemical processes of virus transmission, in particular via fomites, and common disinfection approaches. Gaps in knowledge and the areas in need of further research are also identified. The review focuses on SARS-CoV-2, but discussion of related viruses is included to provide a more comprehensive review given that much remains unknown about SARS-CoV-2. Our aim is that this review will provide a broad survey of the issues involved in fomite transmission and intervention to a wide range of readers to better enable them to take on the open research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Castaño
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Seth C. Cordts
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Myra Kurosu Jalil
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kevin S. Zhang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Saisneha Koppaka
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alison D. Bick
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rajorshi Paul
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sindy K. Y. Tang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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