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Divate NR, Huang PJ, Chen GH, Chung YC. Construction of Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Ethanol and Aldehydes Tolerance via Overexpression of Aldehyde Reductase. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050850. [PMID: 35630298 PMCID: PMC9143087 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Furfural and hydroxy-methyl-furfural (HMF) are produced by lignocellulosic biomass during heat or acid pretreatment and are toxic to yeast. Aldehyde reductase is the main enzyme to reduce furfural and HMF. To improve the conversion efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol, we constructed Saccharomyces cerevisiae with overexpression of aldehyde reductase (encoded by ari1). The gene of aldehyde reductase (encoded by ari1) was cloned via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ligated with the expression vector pGAPZαC. Western blot coupled with anti-His tag confirmed overexpression of the ari1 gene. The growth curves of the wild and ari1-overexpressed strain in the YPD medium were found to be almost identical. Compare to the ari1-overexpressed strain, the wild strain showed a longer doubling time and lag phase in the presence of 20 mM furfural and 60 mM HMF, respectively. The real-time PCR results showed that furfural was much more potent than HMF in stimulating ari1 expression, but the cell growth patterns showed that 60 mM HMF was more toxic to yeast than 20 mM furfural. S. cerevisiae with ari1 overexpression appeared to confer higher tolerance to aldehyde inhibitors, thereby increasing the growth rate and ethanol production capacity of S. cerevisiae in an aldehyde-containing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileema R. Divate
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan; (N.R.D.); (P.-J.H.)
| | - Pei-Ju Huang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan; (N.R.D.); (P.-J.H.)
| | - Gen-Hung Chen
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Chin Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan; (N.R.D.); (P.-J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2632-8001
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Alarid‐García C, Hernández‐Calderón OM, Rios‐Iribe EY, González‐Llanes MD, Escamilla‐Silva EM. Production of β‐glucosidase by
Aspergillus niger
CDBB‐H
‐175 on submerged fermentation. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Alarid‐García
- Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán Mexico
| | | | - Erika Y. Rios‐Iribe
- Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán Mexico
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3
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Pompeu Prado Moreira LF, Buffon E, Stradiotto NR. Electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide and molecularly imprinted poly(phenol) for d-xylose determination. Talanta 2020; 208:120379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Benabid S, Streit AF, Benguerba Y, Dotto GL, Erto A, Ernst B. Molecular modeling of anionic and cationic dyes adsorption on sludge derived activated carbon. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Toumi K, Bergaoui M, Khalfaoui M, Benguerba Y, Erto A, Dotto GL, Amrane A, Nacef S, Ernst B. Computational study of acid blue 80 dye adsorption on low cost agricultural Algerian olive cake waste: Statistical mechanics and molecular dynamic simulations. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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Chen CC, Gao GJ, Kao AL, Tsai ZC. Bi-functional fusion enzyme EG-M-Xyn displaying endoglucanase and xylanase activities and its utility in improving lignocellulose degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:722-729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Zhang Z, Wang M, Gao R, Yu X, Chen G. Synergistic effect of thermostable β-glucosidase TN0602 and cellulase on cellulose hydrolysis. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:54. [PMID: 28444598 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic enzymes have many potential benefits in industrial production with increased flexibility related to process configurations. A thermostable β-glucosidase from Thermotoga naphthophila RUK-10 was found to possess catalytic activity for cellobiose hydrolysis with a high potential for application in biomass conversion. The aggregation of cellobiose often has an inhibitory effect on cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases during cellulose hydrolysis. The presence of β-glucosidases has a significant effect on reducing inhibition from hydrolytic products by hydrolysing the intermedia cellobiose. In this study, β-glucosidase TN0602 exhibited a high tolerance to glucose and high thermostability even after a long incubation (>72 h). Additionally, supplementing β-glucosidase TN0602 with microcrystalline cellulose, untreated corn straw and steam-exploded corn straw hydrolysis reactions containing a commercial cellulase led to an increased conversion rate in released glucose compared to hydrolysis without the addition of β-glucosidase (15.82, 30.62 and 35.21%, respectively); the increase of conversion rates were 61.86, 93.50 and 94.55%. It was thus shown that an obvious synergistic effect exists between TN0602 and cellulases for cellulose hydrolysis, suggesting its potential as a component of enzymatic cocktails for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to other chemicals.
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Alarid-García C, Escamilla-Silva EM. Comparative study of the production of extracellular β-glucosidase by four different strains of Aspergillus using submerged fermentation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1286598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Alarid-García
- Chemical Engineering Department, Technological Institute of Celaya, Celaya, Guanajuato, México
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9
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Slininger PJ, Dien BS, Kurtzman CP, Moser BR, Bakota EL, Thompson SR, O'Bryan PJ, Cotta MA, Balan V, Jin M, Sousa LDC, Dale BE. Comparative lipid production by oleaginous yeasts in hydrolyzates of lignocellulosic biomass and process strategy for high titers. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1676-90. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J. Slininger
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Bruce S. Dien
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Cletus P. Kurtzman
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Bryan R. Moser
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Erica L. Bakota
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Stephanie R. Thompson
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Patricia J. O'Bryan
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Michael A. Cotta
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Michigan State University; Lansing Michigan
| | - Mingjie Jin
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Michigan State University; Lansing Michigan
| | | | - Bruce E. Dale
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Michigan State University; Lansing Michigan
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Prospects for Irradiation in Cellulosic Ethanol Production. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:157139. [PMID: 26839707 PMCID: PMC4709612 DOI: 10.1155/2015/157139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Second generation bioethanol production technology relies on lignocellulosic biomass composed of hemicelluloses, celluloses, and lignin components. Cellulose and hemicellulose are sources of fermentable sugars. But the structural characteristics of lignocelluloses pose hindrance to the conversion of these sugar polysaccharides into ethanol. The process of ethanol production, therefore, involves an expensive and energy intensive step of pretreatment, which reduces the recalcitrance of lignocellulose and makes feedstock more susceptible to saccharification. Various physical, chemical, biological, or combined methods are employed to pretreat lignocelluloses. Irradiation is one of the common and promising physical methods of pretreatment, which involves ultrasonic waves, microwaves, γ-rays, and electron beam. Irradiation is also known to enhance the effect of saccharification. This review explains the role of different radiations in the production of cellulosic ethanol.
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Narasimha G, Sridevi A, Ramanjaneyulu G, Rajasekhar Reddy B. Purification and Characterization of β-Glucosidase fromAspergillus niger. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1023398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Cloning and expression of A. oryzae β-glucosidase in Pichia pastoris. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7567-73. [PMID: 25123895 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A β-glucosidase gene (bgl) from Aspergillus oryzae GIF-10 was cloned, sequenced and expressed. Its full-length DNA sequence was 2,903 bp and included three introns. The full-length cDNA sequence contained an open reading frame of 2,586 nucleotides, encoding 862 amino acids with a potential secretion signal. The A. oryzae GIF-10 bgl was functionally expressed in Pichia pastoris. After 7-day induction, protein yield reached 321 mg/mL. Using salicin as the substrate, the specific activity of the purified enzyme reached 215 U/mg. The purified recombinant β-glucosidase was a 110-kDa glycoprotein with optimum catalytic activity at pH 5.0 and 50 °C. The enzyme was stable between 20 and 60 °C, and retained 65% of its activity after being held at 60 °C for 30 min. The recombinant β-glucosidase was relatively stable in a broad range of pHs, from 4.0 to 6.5. It showed broad specific activity, hydrolyzing a range of (1-4)-β-diglycosides and (1-4)-α-diglycosides, and Mn(2+) stimulated its activity significantly.
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Kara HE, Turan Y, Er A, Acar M, Tümay S, Sinan S. Purification and characterization of β-glucosidase from greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 86:209-219. [PMID: 24789069 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is one of the most ruinous pests of honeycomb in the world. Beta-glucosidases are a type of digestive enzymes that hydrolytically catalyzes the beta-glycosidic linkage of glycosides. Characterization of the beta-glucosidase in G. mellonella could be a significant stage for a better comprehending of its role and establishing a safe and effective control procedure primarily against G. mellonella and also some other insect pests. Laboratory reared final instar stage larvae were randomly selected and homogenized for beta-glucosidase activity assay and subsequent analysis. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity by salting out with ammonium sulfate and using sepharose-4B-l-tyrosine-1-naphthylamine hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purification was 58-fold with an overall enzyme yield of 29%. The molecular mass of the protein was estimated as ca. 42 kDa. The purified beta-glucosidase was effectively active on para/ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranosides (p-/o-NPG) with Km values of 0.37 and 1.9 mM and Vmax values of 625 and 189 U/mg, respectively. It also exhibits different levels of activity against para-nitrophenyl-β-d-fucopyranoside (p-NPF), para/ortho-nitrophenyl β-d-galactopyranosides (p-/o-NPGal) and p-nitrophenyl 1-thio-β-d-glucopyranoside. The enzyme was competitively inhibited by beta-gluconolactone and also was very tolerant to glucose against p-NPG as substrate. The Ki and IC50 values of δ-gluconolactone were determined as 0.021 and 0.08 mM while the enzyme was more tolerant to glucose inhibition with IC50 value of 213.13 mM for p-NPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatibe Ertürk Kara
- Department of Basic Sciences/Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Balikesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
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14
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Kuila A, Banerjee R. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of enzyme pretreated Lantana camara using S. cerevisiae. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:1963-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Highly glucose tolerant β-glucosidase from Aspergillus unguis: NII 08123 for enhanced hydrolysis of biomass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:967-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aspergillus unguis NII-08123, a filamentous fungus isolated from soil, was found to produce β-glucosidase (BGL) activity with high glucose tolerance. Cultivation of the fungus in different carbon sources resulted in the secretion of different isoforms of the enzyme. A low molecular weight isoform, which retained ~60 % activity in the presence of 1.5 M glucose, was purified to homogeneity and the purified enzyme exhibited a temperature and pH optima of 60 °C and 6, respectively. The K m and V max of the enzyme were 4.85 mM and 2.95 U/mg, respectively, for 4-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside. The glucose inhibition constant of the enzyme was 0.8 M, indicating high glucose tolerance, and this is the second-highest glucose tolerance ever reported from the Aspergillus nidulans group. The glucose-tolerant BGL from A. unguis, when supplemented to cellulase preparation from Penicillium, could improve biomass hydrolysis efficiency by 20 % in 12 h compared to the enzyme without additional beta glucosidase supplementation. The beta glucosidase from A. unguis is proposed as a highly potent “blend-in” for biomass saccharifying enzyme preparations.
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Mishra SK, Sangwan NS, Sangwan RS. PURIFICATION AND PHYSICOKINETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF A GLUCONOLACTONE INHIBITION-INSENSITIVE β-GLUCOSIDASE FROMAndrographis paniculataNEES. LEAF. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 43:481-99. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2012.759966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Two-Step Purification of a Novel β-Glucosidase with High Transglycosylation Activity and Another Hypothetical β-Glucosidase in Aspergillus oryzae HML366 and Enzymatic Characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:870-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tiwari MK, Lee KM, Kalyani D, Singh RK, Kim H, Lee JK, Ramachandran P. Role of Glu445 in the substrate binding of β-glucosidase. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mutations in the substrate entrance region of -glucosidase from Trichoderma reesei improve enzyme activity and thermostability. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 25:733-40. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials provides an alternative energy production system. Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of corn straw and rice straw and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose were investigated in this study. The straw was pretreated at 121°C with different sulfuric acid concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4and 5%, v/v) and residence times (30, 60, and 90 min). The concentration and conversion of total reducing sugars were analyzed. Pretreatment residence time play a key role in increase glucose concentration comparing to sulfuric acid concentration. Cellulose remaining in the pretreated feedstock was highly digestible by cellulases from Trichoderma viride. The result that the saccharification yield of 72.38% and 82.84% from corn straw and rice straw by using 2% (v/v) acid pretreatment at 121°C for 60 min and saccharifying with cellulase preparations.
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Shah MA, Chaudhuri TK, Mishra S. Strategy for purification of aggregation prone β-glucosidases from the cell wall of yeast: a preparative scale approach. N Biotechnol 2012; 29:311-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Liu ZL, Weber SA, Cotta MA, Li SZ. A new β-glucosidase producing yeast for lower-cost cellulosic ethanol production from xylose-extracted corncob residues by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 104:410-6. [PMID: 22133603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a new yeast strain of Clavispora NRRL Y-50464 that is able to utilize cellobiose as sole source of carbon and produce sufficient native β-glucosidase enzyme activity for cellulosic ethanol production using SSF. In addition, this yeast is tolerant to the major inhibitors derived from lignocellulosic biomass pre-treatment such as 2-furaldehyde (furfural) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF), and converted furfural into furan methanol in less than 12h and HMF into furan-2,5-dimethanol within 24h in the presence of 15 mM each of furfural and HMF. Using xylose-extracted corncob residue as cellulosic feedstock, an ethanol production of 23 g/l was obtained using 25% solids loading at 37 °C by SSF without addition of exogenous β-glucosidase. Development of this yeast aids renewable biofuels development efforts for economic consolidated SSF bio-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lewis Liu
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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Saha BC, Nichols NN, Qureshi N, Cotta MA. Comparison of separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes for ethanol production from wheat straw by recombinant Escherichia coli strain FBR5. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:865-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Purification of beta-glucosidase from olive (Olea europaea L.) fruit tissue with specifically designed hydrophobic interaction chromatography and characterization of the purified enzyme. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1507-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chang J, Park IH, Lee YS, Ahn SC, Zhou Y, Choi YL. Cloning, expression, and characterization of β-glucosidase from Exiguobacterium sp. DAU5 and transglycosylation activity. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Gonçalves FA, Sanjinez-Argandoña EJ, Fonseca GG. Utilization of Agro-Industrial Residues and Municipal Waste of Plant Origin for Cellulosic Ethanol Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2011.210150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Heterologous expression and characterization of a glucose-stimulated β-glucosidase from the termite Neotermes koshunensis in Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1761-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Zhao H, Baker GA, Cowins JV. Fast enzymatic saccharification of switchgrass after pretreatment with ionic liquids. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:127-33. [PMID: 19918908 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pretreatment of cellulose using ionic liquids (ILs) has been shown to be an effective method for improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose; this technique affords a fast and complete saccharification of cellulose into reducing sugars (Dadi et al., Biotechnol Bioeng. 2006; 95:904-910; Liu and Chen, Chinese Sci Bull. 2006; 51:2432-2436; Zhao et al., J Biotechnol. 2009; 139:47-54). Motivated by these advances, this study examines the effect of IL-pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of purified xylan (as a model system of hemicellulose) and switchgrass (as a real lignocellulose). The IL-pretreatment resulted in no improvement in the hydrolysis of xylan. The likely reason is that pure xylan has a low degree of polymerization (DP), and is readily biodegraded even without any pretreatment. However, in real cellulosic materials (such as switchgrass), xylan is entrapped within the cellulosic matrix, and cannot be conveniently accessed by enzymes. Our data demonstrate that the IL-pretreatment of switchgrass significantly improved the enzymatic saccharification of both cellulose (96% D-glucose yield in 24 h) and xylan (63% D-xylose yield in 24 h). The compositional analysis of switchgrass suggests a lower lignin content after IL-pretreatment. In addition, the infrared spectrum of regenerated switchgrass indicates a lower substrate crystallinity, whereas the enzyme adsorption isotherm further implies that the regenerated substrate is more accessible to enzymes. This study has further confirmed that IL-pretreatment is an effective tool in enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass, and allowing a more complete saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Chemistry Program, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
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Allen SA, Clark W, McCaffery JM, Cai Z, Lanctot A, Slininger PJ, Liu ZL, Gorsich SW. Furfural induces reactive oxygen species accumulation and cellular damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2010; 3:2. [PMID: 20150993 PMCID: PMC2820483 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofuels offer a viable alternative to petroleum-based fuel. However, current methods are not sufficient and the technology required in order to use lignocellulosic biomass as a fermentation substrate faces several challenges. One challenge is the need for a robust fermentative microorganism that can tolerate the inhibitors present during lignocellulosic fermentation. These inhibitors include the furan aldehyde, furfural, which is released as a byproduct of pentose dehydration during the weak acid pretreatment of lignocellulose. In order to survive in the presence of furfural, yeast cells need not only to reduce furfural to the less toxic furan methanol, but also to protect themselves and repair any damage caused by the furfural. Since furfural tolerance in yeast requires a functional pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and the PPP is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) tolerance, we decided to investigate whether or not furfural induces ROS and its related cellular damage in yeast. RESULTS We demonstrated that furfural induces the accumulation of ROS in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, furfural was shown to cause cellular damage that is consistent with ROS accumulation in cells which includes damage to mitochondria and vacuole membranes, the actin cytoskeleton and nuclear chromatin. The furfural-induced damage is less severe when yeast are grown in a furfural concentration (25 mM) that allows for eventual growth after an extended lag compared to a concentration of furfural (50 mM) that prevents growth. CONCLUSION These data suggest that when yeast cells encounter the inhibitor furfural, they not only need to reduce furfural into furan methanol but also to protect themselves from the cellular effects of furfural and repair any damage caused. The reduced cellular damage seen at 25 mM furfural compared to 50 mM furfural may be linked to the observation that at 25 mM furfural yeast were able to exit the furfural-induced lag phase and resume growth. Understanding the cellular effects of furfural will help direct future strain development to engineer strains capable of tolerating or remediating ROS and the effects of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Allen
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - William Clark
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - J Michael McCaffery
- Integrated Imaging Center, Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Zhen Cai
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Alison Lanctot
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Patricia J Slininger
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Z Lewis Liu
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Steven W Gorsich
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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Liu ZL, Ma M, Song M. Evolutionarily engineered ethanologenic yeast detoxifies lignocellulosic biomass conversion inhibitors by reprogrammed pathways. Mol Genet Genomics 2009; 282:233-44. [PMID: 19517136 PMCID: PMC3025311 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-009-0461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass conversion inhibitors, furfural and HMF, inhibit microbial growth and interfere with subsequent fermentation of ethanol, posing significant challenges for a sustainable cellulosic ethanol conversion industry. Numerous yeast genes were found to be associated with the inhibitor tolerance. However, limited knowledge is available about mechanisms of the tolerance and the detoxification of the biomass conversion inhibitors. Using a robust standard for absolute mRNA quantification assay and a recently developed tolerant ethanologenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-50049, we investigate pathway-based transcription profiles relevant to the yeast tolerance and the inhibitor detoxification. Under the synergistic inhibitory challenges by furfural and HMF, Y-50049 was able to withstand the inhibitor stress, in situ detoxify furfural and HMF, and produce ethanol, while its parental control Y-12632 failed to function till 65 h after incubation. The tolerant strain Y-50049 displayed enriched genetic background with significantly higher abundant of transcripts for at least 16 genes than a non-tolerant parental strain Y-12632. The enhanced expression of ZWF1 appeared to drive glucose metabolism in favor of pentose phosphate pathway over glycolysis at earlier steps of glucose metabolisms. Cofactor NAD(P)H generation steps were likely accelerated by enzymes encoded by ZWF1, GND1, GND2, TDH1, and ALD4. NAD(P)H-dependent aldehyde reductions including conversion of furfural and HMF, in return, provided sufficient NAD(P)(+) for NAD(P)H regeneration in the yeast detoxification pathways. Enriched genetic background and a well maintained redox balance through reprogrammed expression responses of Y-50049 were accountable for the acquired tolerance and detoxification of furfural to furan methanol and HMF to furan dimethanol. We present significant gene interactions and regulatory networks involved in NAD(P)H regenerations and functional aldehyde reductions under the inhibitor stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lewis Liu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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31
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Expression of a Glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase from Humicola grisea var. thermoidea in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:2036-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Turan Y. A pseudo-beta-glucosidase in Arabidopsis thaliana: correction by site-directed mutagenesis, heterologous expression, purification, and characterization. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 73:912-9. [PMID: 18774938 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908080099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since At2g25630 is an intronless gene with a premature stop codon, its cDNA encoding the predicted mature beta-glucosidase isoenzyme was synthesized from the previously isolated Arabidopsis thaliana genomic DNA. The stop codon was converted to a sense codon by site-directed mutagenesis. The native and mutated cDNA sequences were separately cloned into the vector pPICZalphaB and expressed in Pichia pastoris. Only the cells transformed with mutated cDNA-vector construct produced the active protein. The mutated recombinant beta-glucosidase isoenzyme was chromatographically purified to apparent homogeneity. The molecular mass of the protein is estimated as ca. 60 kD by SDS-PAGE. The pH optimum of activity is 5.6, and it is fairly stable in the pH range of 5.0-8.5. The purified recombinant beta-glucosidase is effectively active on para-/ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranosides (p-/o-NPG) and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4-MUG) with K(m) values of 1.9, 2.1, 0.78 mM and k(cat) values of 114, 106, 327 nkat/mg, respectively. It also exhibits different levels of activity against para-/ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-D-fucopyranosides (p-/o-NPF), amygdalin, prunasin, cellobiose, gentiobiose, and salicin. The enzyme is competitively inhibited by gluconolactone and p-nitrophenyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside with p-NPG, o-NPG, and 4-MUG as substrates. The enzyme is found to be very tolerant to glucose inhibition. The catalytic role of nucleophilic glutamic acid in the motif YITENG of beta-glucosidases and mutated recombinant enzyme is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Turan
- Balikesir University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Biology, Cagis Kampusu, Balikesir, Turkey.
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Liu ZL, Moon J, Andersh BJ, Slininger PJ, Weber S. Multiple gene-mediated NAD(P)H-dependent aldehyde reduction is a mechanism of in situ detoxification of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:743-53. [PMID: 18810428 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are representative inhibitors generated from biomass pretreatment using dilute acid hydrolysis that interfere with yeast growth and subsequent fermentation. Few yeast strains tolerant to inhibitors are available. In this study, we report a tolerant strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-50049, which has enhanced biotransformation ability to convert furfural to furan methanol (FM), HMF to furan di-methanol (FDM), and produce a normal yield of ethanol. Our recent identification of HMF and development of protocol to synthesize the HMF metabolic conversion product FDM allowed studies on fermentation metabolic kinetics in the presence of HMF and furfural. Individual gene-encoding enzymes possessing aldehyde reduction activities demonstrated cofactor preference for NADH or NADPH. However, protein extract from whole yeast cells showed equally strong aldehyde reduction activities coupled with either cofactor. Deletion of a single candidate gene did not affect yeast growth in the presence of the inhibitors. Our results suggest that detoxification of furfural and HMF by the ethanologenic yeast S. cerevisiae strain Y-50049 likely involves multiple gene mediated NAD(P)H-dependent aldehyde reduction. Conversion pathways of furfural and HMF relevant to glycolysis and ethanol production were refined based on our findings in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lewis Liu
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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Saha BC, Iten LB, Cotta MA, Wu YV. Dilute Acid Pretreatment, Enzymatic Saccharification, and Fermentation of Rice Hulls to Ethanol. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 21:816-22. [PMID: 15932261 DOI: 10.1021/bp049564n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rice hulls, a complex lignocellulosic material with high lignin (15.38 +/- 0.2%) and ash (18.71 +/- 0.01%) content, contain 35.62 +/- 0.12% cellulose and 11.96 +/- 0.73% hemicellulose and has the potential to serve as a low-cost feedstock for production of ethanol. Dilute H2SO4 pretreatments at varied temperature (120-190 degrees C) and enzymatic saccharification (45 degrees C, pH 5.0) were evaluated for conversion of rice hull cellulose and hemicellulose to monomeric sugars. The maximum yield of monomeric sugars from rice hulls (15%, w/v) by dilute H2SO4 (1.0%, v/v) pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification (45 degrees C, pH 5.0, 72 h) using cellulase, beta-glucosidase, xylanase, esterase, and Tween 20 was 287 +/- 3 mg/g (60% yield based on total carbohydrate content). Under this condition, no furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural were produced. The yield of ethanol per L by the mixed sugar utilizing recombinant Escherichia colistrain FBR 5 from rice hull hydrolyzate containing 43.6 +/- 3.0 g fermentable sugars (glucose, 18.2 +/- 1.4 g; xylose, 21.4 +/- 1.1 g; arabinose, 2.4 +/- 0.3 g; galactose, 1.6 +/- 0.2 g) was 18.7 +/- 0.6 g (0.43 +/- 0.02 g/g sugars obtained; 0.13 +/- 0.01 g/g rice hulls) at pH 6.5 and 35 degrees C. Detoxification of the acid- and enzyme-treated rice hull hydrolyzate by overliming (pH 10.5, 90 degrees C, 30 min) reduced the time required for maximum ethanol production (17 +/- 0.2 g from 42.0 +/- 0.7 g sugars per L) by the E. coli strain from 64 to 39 h in the case of separate hydrolysis and fermentation and increased the maximum ethanol yield (per L) from 7.1 +/- 2.3 g in 140 h to 9.1 +/- 0.7 g in 112 h in the case of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badal C Saha
- Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit and New Crops and Processing Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA.
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35
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Zhao L, Yu J, Zhang X, Tan T. The ethanol tolerance of Pachysolen tannophilus in fermentation on xylose. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 160:378-85. [PMID: 18651246 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The influence of ethanol on fermentation by Pachysolen tannophilus was studied. When xylose utilization rate was 80%, ethanol concentration began to decline. Fermentation of P. tannophilus was affected by ethanol addition in the beginning of fermentation; average xylose consumption rate was 0.065 g.l(-1).h(-1), and maximum specific growth rate was 0.07 h(-1) at 28 g.l(-1) ethanol, comparing with the average xylose consumption rate of 0.38 g.l(-1).h(-1) and maximum specific growth rate of 0.14 h(-1) in fermentation with no ethanol addition; P. tannophilus stopped growth at 40 g.l(-1) ethanol. When the initial ethanol concentration was 30 g.l(-1), the addition of glucose in xylose media made the growth of P. tannophilus better, and the most favorable glucose concentration was 15 g.l(-1) with the highest biomass of 1.51 g.l(-1) as compared with that of 0.95 g.l(-1) in pure xylose media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China
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36
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Kuhar S, Nair LM, Kuhad RC. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic material with fungi capable of higher lignin degradation and lower carbohydrate degradation improves substrate acid hydrolysis and the eventual conversion to ethanol. Can J Microbiol 2008; 54:305-13. [DOI: 10.1139/w08-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phanerochaete chrysosporium , Pycnoporus cinnabarinus ,and fungal isolates RCK-1 and RCK-3 were tested for their lignin degradation abilities when grown on wheat straw (WS) and Prosopis juliflora (PJ) under solid-state cultivation conditions. Fungal isolate RCK-1 degraded more lignin in WS (12.26% and 22.64%) and PJ (19.30% and 21.97%) and less holocellulose in WS (6.27% and 9.39%) and PJ (3.01% and 4.58%) after 10 and 20 days, respectively, than other fungi tested. Phanerochaete chrysosporium caused higher substrate mass loss and degraded more of holocellulosic content (WS: 55.67%; PJ: 48.89%) than lignin (WS: 18.89%; PJ: 20.20%) after 20 days. The fungal pretreatment of WS and PJ with a high-lignin-degrading and low-holocellulose-degrading fungus (fungal isolate RCK-1) for 10 days resulted in (i) reduction in acid load for hydrolysis of structural polysaccharides (from 3.5% to 2.5% in WS and from 4.5% to 2.5% in PJ), (ii) an increase in the release of fermentable sugars (from 30.27 to 40.82 g·L–1in WS and from 18.18 to 26.00 g·L–1in PJ), and (iii) a reduction in fermentation inhibitors (total phenolics) in acid hydrolysate of WS (from 1.31 to 0.63 g·L–1) and PJ (from 2.05 to 0.80 g·L–1). Ethanol yield and volumetric productivity from RCK-1-treated WS (0.48 g·g–1and 0.54 g·L–1·h–1, respectively) and PJ (0.46 g·g–1and 0.33 g·L–1·h–1, respectively) were higher than untreated WS (0.36 g·g–1and 0.30 g·L–1·h–1, respectively) and untreated PJ (0.42 g·g–1and 0.21 g·L–1·h–1, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Kuhar
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Lavanya M. Nair
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Ramesh Chander Kuhad
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi-110021, India
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37
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Effect of culture conditions on the production of ligninolytic enzymes by white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ATCC 20696) and separation of its lignin peroxidase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Kalifa SBH, Limam F, Smaali MI, Maugard T, Marzouki MN. β-glucosidase from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: a new and efficient purification procedure and use as a suitable marker in immuno-enzymatic assay. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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40
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Liu ZL. Genomic adaptation of ethanologenic yeast to biomass conversion inhibitors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 73:27-36. [PMID: 17028874 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
One major barrier to the economic conversion of biomass to ethanol is inhibitory compounds generated during biomass pretreatment using dilute acid hydrolysis. Major inhibitors such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) inhibit yeast growth and subsequent fermentation. The ethanologenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated a dose-dependant inhibition by the inhibitors and has the potential to transform furfural and HMF into less toxic compounds of furfuryl alcohol and 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran (also termed as furan-2,5-dimethanol (FDM)), respectively. For a sustainable and cost-competitive biomass-to-ethanol industry, it is important to develop more tolerant yeast strains that can, in situ, detoxify the inhibitors and produce ethanol. This study summarizes current knowledge and our understanding of the inhibitors furfural and HMF and discusses metabolic conversion pathways of the inhibitors and the yeast genomic expression response to inhibitor stress. Unlike laboratory strains, gene expression response of the ethanologenic yeast to furfural and HMF was not transient, but a continued dynamic process involving multiple genes at the genome level. This suggests that during the lag phase, ethanologenic yeasts undergo a genomic adaptation process in response to the inhibitors. The findings to date provide a strong foundation for future studies on genomic adaptation and manipulation of yeast to aid more robust strain design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lewis Liu
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.
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41
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Turan Y, Zheng M. Purification and characterization of an intracellular beta-glucosidase from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2006; 70:1363-8. [PMID: 16417459 DOI: 10.1007/s10541-005-0270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pichia pastoris beta-glucosidase was purified to apparent homogeneity by salting out with ammonium sulfate, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography with Q-Sepharose and CM-Sepharose. The enzyme is a tetramer (275 kD) made up of four identical subunits (70 kD). The pH optimum is 7.3, and it is fairly stable in the pH range 5.5-9.5. The temperature optimum is 40 degrees C. The purified beta-glucosidase is effectively active on p-/o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranosides (p-/o-NPG) and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4-MUG) with Km values of 0.12, 0.22, and 0.096 mM and Vmax values of 10.0, 11.7, and 6.2 micromol/min per mg protein, respectively. It also exhibits different levels of activity against p-nitrophenyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside, cellobiose, gentiobiose, amygdalin, prunasin, salicin, and linamarin. The enzyme is competitively inhibited by gluconolactone, p-/o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-fucopyranosides (p-/o-NPF), and glucose against p-NPG as substrate. o-NPF is the most effective inhibitor of the enzyme activity with Ki value of 0.41 mM. The enzyme is more tolerant to glucose inhibition with Ki value of 7.2 mM for p-NPG. Pichia pastoris has been employed as a host for the functional expression of heterologous beta-glucosidases and the risk of high background beta-glucosidase activity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Turan
- Balikesir University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Biology, Balikesir, 10100, Turkey.
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42
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Ragauskas AJ, Nagy M, Kim DH, Eckert CA, Hallett JP, Liotta CL. From wood to fuels: Integrating biofuels and pulp production. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2006.2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Máté Nagy
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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43
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Saha BC, Iten LB, Cotta MA, Wu YV. Dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of wheat straw to ethanol. Process Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Gorsich SW, Dien BS, Nichols NN, Slininger PJ, Liu ZL, Skory CD. Tolerance to furfural-induced stress is associated with pentose phosphate pathway genes ZWF1, GND1, RPE1, and TKL1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 71:339-49. [PMID: 16222531 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 08/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Engineering yeast to be more tolerant to fermentation inhibitors, furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), will lead to more efficient lignocellulose to ethanol bioconversion. To identify target genes involved in furfural tolerance, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene disruption library was screened for mutants with growth deficiencies in the presence of furfural. It was hypothesized that overexpression of these genes would provide a growth benefit in the presence of furfural. Sixty two mutants were identified whose corresponding genes function in a wide spectrum of physiological pathways, suggesting that furfural tolerance is a complex process. We focused on four mutants, zwf1, gnd1, rpe1, and tkl1, which represent genes encoding pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzymes. At various concentrations of furfural and HMF, a clear association with higher sensitivity to these inhibitors was demonstrated in these mutants. PPP mutants were inefficient at reducing furfural to the less toxic furfuryl alcohol, which we propose is a result of an overall decreased abundance of reducing equivalents or to NADPH's role in stress tolerance. Overexpression of ZWF1 in S. cerevisiae allowed growth at furfural concentrations that are normally toxic. These results demonstrate a strong relationship between PPP genes and furfural tolerance and provide additional putative target genes involved in furfural tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Gorsich
- National Center for Agriculture Utilization Research, Agriculture Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL, USA.
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45
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Investigation of the active site of the extracellular β-D-glucosidase from Aspergillus carbonarius. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-004-2609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Biochemical and catalytic properties of two intracellular β-glucosidases from the fungus Penicillium decumbens active on flavonoid glucosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2003.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Saha BC. Purification and properties of an extracellular beta-xylosidase from a newly isolated Fusarium proliferatum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2003; 90:33-38. [PMID: 12835054 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(03)00098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An extracellular beta-xylosidase from a newly isolated Fusarium proliferatum (NRRL 26517) capable of utilizing corn fiber xylan as growth substrate was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B batch adsorption chromatography, CM Bio-Gel A column chromatography, Bio-Gel A-0.5 m gel filtration and Bio-Gel HTP Hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The purified beta-xylosidase (specific activity, 53 U/mg protein) had a molecular weight of 91,200 as estimated by SDS-PAGE. The optimum temperature and pH for the action of the enzyme were 60 degrees C and 4.5, respectively. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed xylobiose and higher xylooligosaccharides but was inactive against xylan substrates. It had a Km value of 0.77 mM (p-nitrophenol-beta-D-xyloside, pH 4.5, 50 degrees C) and was competitively inhibited by xylose with a Ki value of 5 mM. The enzyme did not require any metal ion for activity and stability. Comparative properties of this enzyme with other fungal beta-xylosidases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badal C Saha
- Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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48
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Wallecha A, Mishra S. Purification and characterization of two beta-glucosidases from a thermo-tolerant yeast Pichia etchellsii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1649:74-84. [PMID: 12818193 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-9639(03)00163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The thermo-tolerant yeast Pichia etchellsii produced two cell-wall-bound inducible beta-glucosidases, BGLI (molecular mass 186 kDa) and BGLII (molecular mass 340 kDa), which were purified by a simple, three-step method, comprising ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The two enzymes exhibited a similar pH and temperature optima, inhibitory effect by glucose and gluconolactone, and stability in the pH range of 3.0-9.0. Placed in family 3 of glycosylhydrolase families, BGLI was more active on salicin, p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside and alkyl beta-D-glucosides whereas BGLII was most active on cellobiose. k(cat) and K(M) values were determined for a number of substrates and, for BGLI, it was established that the deglycosylation step was equally effective on aryl- and alkyl-glucosides while the glycosylation step varied depending on the substrate used. This information was used to synthesize alkyl-glucosides (up to a chain length of C(10)) using dimethyl sulfoxide stabilized single-phase reaction microenvironment. About 12% molar yield of octyl-glucoside was calculated based on a simple spectrophotometric method developed for its estimation. Further, detailed comparison of properties of the enzymes indicated these to be different from the previously cloned beta-glucosidases from this yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Wallecha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz-Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Sharma SK, Kalra KL, Grewal HS. Fermentation of enzymatically saccharified sunflower stalks for ethanol production and its scale up. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2002; 85:31-33. [PMID: 12146639 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(02)00076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pretreated sunflower stalks saccharified with a Trichoderma reesei Rut-C 30 cellulase showed 57.8% saccharification. Enzyme hydrolysate concentrated to 40 g/l reducing sugars was fermented under optimum conditions of fermentation time (24 h), pH (5.0), temperature (30 degrees C) and inoculum size (3% v/v) and, showed a maximum ethanol yield of 0.444 g/g ethanol. Ethanol production scaled up in a 1 l and a 15 l fermenter under optimum conditions revealed maximum ethanol yields of 0.439 and 0.437 g/g respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev K Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, India
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Hari Krishna S, Janardhan Reddy T, Chowdary GV. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of lignocellulosic wastes to ethanol using a thermotolerant yeast. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2001; 77:193-196. [PMID: 11272027 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) studies were carried out to produce ethanol from lignocellulosic wastes (sugar cane leaves and Antigonum leptopus leaves) using Trichoderma reesei cellulase and yeast cells. The ability of a thermotolerant yeast, Kluyveromyces fragilis NCIM 3358, was compared with Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL-Y-132. K. fragilis was found to perform better in the SSF process and result in high yields of ethanol (2.5-3.5% w/v) compared to S. cerevisiae (2.0-2.5% w/v). Increased ethanol yields were obtained when the cellulase was supplemented with beta-glucosidase. The conversions with K. fragilis were completed in a short time. The substrates were in the following order in terms of fast conversions: Solka floc > A. leptopus > sugar cane.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hari Krishna
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India.
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